ENYIROMMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1963 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Summary I-XIII
Air A-l
Research and Development .
Oxidants Non-Energy A-14
Hazardous Air Pollutants Non-Energy A-30
Mobile Sources Non-Energy.......... A-44
Gases and Particles Non-Energy. , A-57
Abatement and Control
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning
and Standards. - .. A-74
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and
Fuel Economy A-81
State Programs Resource Assistance.. A-91
Air Quality Management Implementation.... A-96
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment A-101
Enforcement
Stationary Source Enforcement A-l06
Mobile Source Enforcement.... A-113
Water Quality WQ-1
Research and Development
Water Quality Non-Energy. WQ-U
Municipal Wastewater Non-Energy , WQ-29
Industrial Wastewater Non-Energy WQ-42
Abatement and Control
State Programs Management WQ-53
Effluent Standards and Guidelines.... UQ-64
Grants Assistance Programs.... WQ-70
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-77
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis HQ-91
Municipal Source Control UQ-97
Enforcement
Water Quality Enforcement. WQ-109
Pernri ts Issuance WQ-116
Drinking Water DW-1
Research and Development
Drinking Water Non-Energy , DW-11
Abatement and Control
Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines., DW-27
State Program Resource Assl stance DW-33
Dr inking Water Management. DW-39
Enforcement
Drinking Water Enforcement ...... DW-46
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Page
HazardousWaste HW-1
Research and Development
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy HW-14
Abatement and Control
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies...... HW-31
Financial Assistance HW-39
Waste Management Strategl es Irnpl anentatl on.... HW-44
Technical Assistance HW-51
Uncontrol led Hazardous Waste 51 tes. HW-56
Enforcement
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-59
Pesticides ' p-l
Research and Development
Pesticides Non-Energy P-12
Abatement and Control
Registration, Special Registration and
tolerances. P-24
Standards Setting and RPAR » . .... P-32
Federal and State Program Support P-40
Enforcement
Pesticides Enforcement. P-44
Radiation R-1
Research and Development
Non-Ionizing Radiation Non-Energy... R-7
Abatement and Control
Radiation Policy Council. R-15
Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines. R-l7
Program Implementation R-21
Environmental Impact Assessment. .. R-24
Ng1 se N-l
Abatement and Control
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards N-6
Noise Program Strategies and Implementation N-l2
Enforcement
Noise Enforcement.... N-l8
11
-------
Interdisciplinary i-i
Research and Development
Intermedia Non-Energy. 1-9
Abatement and Control
EIS Review and New Source EIS Preparation.. 1-18
Accelerated Review and Permitting 1-23
Enforcement
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support. 1-26
Toxic Substances TS-1
Research and Development
Chemical Testing and Assessment Non-Energy TS-11
Abatement and Control
Tox1 c Substances Strategies TS-35
Enforcement
Toxl c Substances Enforcement. TS-48
Energy E-l
Research and Development
Multi-Media Energy... , E-9
Oxldants Energy., , , E-26
Gases and Particles Energy. , E-33
Hazardous A1 r Pol lutants Energy , E-45
Mater Quality Energy.. E-52
Drinking Water Energy...... £-57
Industrial Uastewater Energy E-59
Solid Waste Energy... E-63
Chemical Testing and Assessment Energy E-66
Municipal Spills Energy E-70
Management and Support MS-1
Program Management , , MS-8
Agency Management
Office of Administrator/Executive Offices MS-17
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel..... MS-41
Office of Policy and Resource Management MS-48
Office of Administration , MS-61
Reg1 onal Management. , MS-75
Support Services........ ". MS-84
Buildings and Facilities BF-1
Construction Grants CG-1
111
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Super-Fund
Research and Development
Hazardous Substance Non-Energy.
Enforcement
Super-fund Enforcement SF-24
Management and Support ... SF-31
Hazardous Substance Response Actions
Haza rdous Substance Response Actions. SF-51
USCG Oil Pollution Fund , ,. SF-60
Interagency Support. SF-57
Special Analyses SA-1
iv
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Summary
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
BUDGET SuTWRY
The President's request for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's
1983 budget totals SI,191,392,000 and 8,645 permanent workyears, Including
$961.392,000 and 8,128.6 permanent workyears for the Agency's operating programs,
and $230,000,000 and 516.4 permanent workyears for the Superfund program. New
budget authority In the amount of 52,400,000,000 is requested for the municipal
waste treatment facilities construction program. Including Superfund, these
-totals constitute a decrease of $84,620,000 and 1,176 permanent workyears for
1983. The budget also requests supplemental authority of $2,400,000,000 1n 1982
for the construction grant program.
Major emphasis continues 1n the Superfund and Hazardous Waste programs.
Funding for the Superfund program Increases by $40,000,000 and 13.4 permanent
workyears to $230,000,000 and 516.4 permanent workyears 1n 1983. Although the
funding levels for the Hazardous Waste program appear to decrease, when adjust-
ments are made for program activities which were discontinued at the close of
fiscal year 1981, there are actually more resources devoted to hazardous waste
management in 1983 than in 1981.
Implementation of a major reorganization of our enforcement program Is
designed to enhance the efficiency and quality of the Agency's enforcement
activities. Litigation actlvites have been centralized and technical case pre-
paration activities are now located in the appropriate program offices. This
will Improve top management review of enforcement policy while increasing
coordination of technical work at the program level.
Research and development activity will focus on programs designed to
emphasize results which relate directly to the Agency's regulatory programs and
the Nation's environmental problems. Priority will be placed on improving the
scientific basis for permits and regulations, effectively using research to meet
statutory deadlines, and providing State and local governments with useful
research Information. Our request for research activities in 1983 Includes
$200,826,700 and 1,228.8 permanent workyears, a reduction of $55,334,900 and
226.3 permanent workyears from 1982.
Grants to State and local governments are at a level of £181,955,500, a
reduction of $54,728,800 from 1982. The reduction does not represent a decrease
In EPA's commitment to the States as partners 1n environmental protection.
Rattier, the decrease occurs from simplification of administrative requirements,
elimination of duplication in grant processes and reduction in regulatory demands.
Appropriation Simiary
A summary of budget authority for EPA's six appropriation accounts is as
fol 1ows:
EPA's Request by AppropriationAccount
1982 1983
Current Estimate Budget Estimate
Salaries & Expenses S555.105,700 $538,113,200
Abatement. Control S Compliance.. 372.969,700 311,575,000
Research ft Development 154,315,600 108,703,800
Building S Facilities 3,621.000 3.000,000
Operating Programs Subtotal. SI,086,012,000 . $961,392,000
-------
Construction Grants .............. $2,400,000,000 2,400,000,000
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund ............... ....... $190,000,000 $230,000,000
Total ..... . ...... , ....... ... $3,676,012,000 $3,591,392,000
The following briefly describes the content of each appropriation and the
changes requested within each from the Agency's current 1982 estimates.
EPA requests a decrease of $16,992,500 for Its Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation which finances salaries and related costs associated with adminis-
tering the programs within the Environmental Protection Agency. It Incorporates
all costs exclusive of grant programs and program-specific contractual agree-
ments. The decrease reflects the reduced workyear levels. In 1983, major
emphasis Includes support for hazardous waste regulatory reform efforts, facility
permitting and compliance Inspections, and Interdisciplinary enforcement policy
direction and Integration.
Abatement, Control and Compliance
The Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation finances contracts,
grants, and cooperative agreements for pollution abatement, control and com-
pliance activities* EPA requests a decrease of 561,394,700 in 19S3 for this
appropriation which reflects the elimination of Clean Lakes grants, drinking
water special studies and demonstrations, and toxic substances enforcement
grants. Other decreases are due to reductions In contracting for stationary
source enforcement, TSCA Information and noise. Program priorities Include
Increases for hazardous waste contracting, pesticides review and registration
and accelerated review and permitting.
Research and Devel opment
The 1983 budget decreases the Research and Development appropriation by
$45,611,800 to $108,703,800. This decrease primarily occurs because of
completion of several research efforts In the water quality, drinking water,
toxic substances and energy programs, as well as efficiencies 1n scheduling
research and reductions 1n areas that were not cost-effective. Major program
emphasis continues for add rain and ground water protection, as well as for
development of a firm scientific basis for hazardous waste regulations, toxic
chemical review and assessment procedures for evaluating the environmental and
public health Impacts from the use of pesticides.
Buildings and Facilities
EPA requests $3,000,000, a decrease of $621,000, for the Building and
Facilities appropriation which finances the construction, repair, Improvement,
extension, alternation, and purchase of fixed equipment of facilities owned,
as well as existing facilities occupied by the Environmental Protection Agency.
The funds in 1983 will help correct health and safety deficiencies in EPA
laboratories and prevention of serious deterioration, or pollution control.
Construction Grants
The Construction Grants appropriation 1s for grants to local public agencies
for construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities to assist States
and localities in attaining water quality standards.
In 1981 Congress enacted significant reforms proposed by the Administration.
These reforms provide for a more cost-ef f ectl ve program and reduce the long-term
requirements for Federal assistance. Under the reforms, Congress provided a four
year authorization at $2,400,000,000. As a result of passage of the reforms,
II
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the Agency has requested a supplemental appropriation of $2,400,000,000 in 1982.
This request, in addition to the $1,000,000,000 available from prior year appro-
priations, will provide approximately 53,400,000,000 for obligation In 1982. In
1983, the Agency 1s requesting $2,400,000,000 to obligate funds for 661 new Step
3 awards.
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
The 1983 budget requests $230,000,000 an Increase of $40,000,000 and 13.4
permanent workyears to support the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. In
1983 these funds will be dedicated to responding to the most serious hazardous
waste incidents, actively pursuing Increased State Involvement in specific
response phases, adapting existing research and development data to support
field response activities, continuing effective enforcement activity, and sup-
porting on-going activities of other Federal agencies.
Ill
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ENVIROWENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars In thousands)
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Research a nd Bevel opulent
Budget Authority...",..""-.
Obligations
Outlays
Abatement, Control and Compliance
..... ''"1'"" '"'''"'
Obi Igatlons.
Outlays ..... ..... .
Pe rma fren t Ful 1 - t 1 me Ho rityea r s .
Total Workyears. . ..... ......
Salaries and Expenses
xpens
TTudget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays.
Permanent Full-time Workyears.
Total Uorkyears
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.
Obligations.
Outlays.....
Construction Grants
Budget AuthorityV.
Obligations
Outlayi...........
$250,485.7
198,606.9
247,008.2
534,794.0
522,513.2
559,390.2
* *
34.2
561,693.9
549,030.2
543,377.8
10,377.2
12,641.0
4,115.0
3,104.4
1,454.5
1,604,837.0
3,941,567.1
3,881,172.7
$229,355.0
227,229.0
230,886.0
492,072.0
497,084.0
504,133.0
161.8
645,618.0
645,618.0
661,561.0
10,965.1
13,459.8
6,646.0
6,367.0
3,965.0
3,700,000.0
4,950,000.0
4,230,000.0
$190,635.0
188,509.0
213,000.0
413,928.0
418,940.0
465,000.0
582,769.0
582,769.0
614,122.0
9,825.2
12,208.7
4,115.0
4,837.0
3,700.0
1,100,000.0
3,840,000.0
$154,315.6
188,509.0
206,464.0
372,969.7
395,250.0
453,435.0
555,105.7
555,105.7
597,512.0
9,259.2
11.509.2
3,621.0
4,837.0
3,537.0
2,400.000.0
3.409,458.0
4,050,000.0
$108,703.8
130,260.0
165,648.0
311,575.0
320,408.0
387,165.0
538,113.2
538,113.2
548,869.0
8,069.8
9,821.0
3,000.0
3,864.0
3,559.0
2.400,000.0
2,400,000.0
3,350,000.0
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Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Scientific Activities Overseas
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays..........
Operations. Research and Facilities
Obligations...........-............
Outlays --.
Revolving Fund
obligations,.
Outlays
Enforcement
outlays.
U.S. Regulatory Council
Budget Authority....... .....
Obi i cations ..... . . . . . .........
Outlays ............... . .......
Permanent Full-time Horkyears.
Total Horkyears..... ..... .....
Trust Funds
Budget Authorlty.
Obligations......
Outlays .....
Reimbursements
Obligations....
Permanent Full-tine Horkyears.
Total Workyears.
162.0
1,156.7
589.1
2,257.6
501.0
-63.0
3,189.9
2,500.0
2,412.2
2,254.8
10.0
24.1
12.0
3.0
2.3
21,269.5
54.6
62.9
805.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
700.0
100.0
2,580.0
2,580.0
3,000.0
11.0
26.0
20.0
30,000.0
62.6
71.6
805.0
1,300.0
2,000.0
700.0
100.0
1,030.0
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
805 !6
1,300.0
1,442.0
2,000.0
700.0
100.0
3,088.0
613.0
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
700.0
1,200.0
500.0
700.0
100.0
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
-------
Actual
1981
Ja nua ry
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust fund
Budget Authorl ty..............
ObiIgatlons
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Work years.
Total Workyears
Payment to Hazardous Substance
Response 1 rust t-umf
Budget Authority...
Obi Igatlons
Outlays...
Total, Environmental Protection
Agency
Budget Authorl ty -.
Obi Igatlons. ...
Outlays
Permanent full-time Workyears.
Total Workyea rs
74,742.9
40,283.1
8,038.7
67.3
7S.3
(9,000.0)
(9.000.0)
(9.QOO.O)
250,000.0
250,000.0
164,000.0
635.0
730.0
200,000.0
200,000.0
84,000.0
503.0
584.0
$3.033,180.5
5,280,041.7
5,249,240.4
10,509.1
12,837.5
$5,326,271 .0
6.610,408.0
5.800,965.0
11,673.7
14,449.2
$1,391,447.0
2,526,585.0
5,224,272.0
10,387.0
12,860.5
190,000.0
190,000.0
117,743.0
503.0
584.0
(26,600.0)
(26,600.0)
(26,600.0)
230,000.0
230,000.0
188,000.0
516.4
592.2
(44,000.0)
(44,000.0)
(44,000.0)
$3,676,012.0 $3,591,392.0
4,776,131.7 3,654,070.2
5,435,812.0V 4,645,061.0
9.821.0 8,645.0
12,161.0 10,481.0
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ENVIROWENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Uorkyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Air
Budget Authority.
Obligations.
Outl ay s
Permanent Full-time Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears..,.
Hater Quality
tJudget Authority
Obi tgatfons. ...
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Work years.
Total Morkyears..^
Drinking Water
Budget Authority..
Obi 1 ga tions
Outl ays
Permanent Full-time Uorkyears.
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority
Obi Iga tions
Outl ay s
Permanent Full-time Uorkyears.
Total Workyears
Actual
1981
$244,934.6
235,388.5
247,040.7
1,753.8
2,087.2
334,348.5
318,236.9
343,398.4
2,781.7
3,352.5
82,893.2
79,329.7
87,824.5
492.4
590.5
150,475.2
141,427.7
157,182.5
725.4
916.7
January
Estimate
T982
$255,220.9
252,772.0
287,832.0
1,912.5
2,286.2
297,534.0
298,428.0
409,337.0
2,856.6
3,494.6
91,672.1
93,198.0
71,666.0
550.0
672.4
143,336.3
146,762.0
83,802.0
713.3
1,036.6
March
Estimate
1982
$238,167.7
236,674.0
, 266,257.0
1,746.4
2,037.2
246,237.1
248,227.0
378.677.0
2,401.8
2,993.3
87,646.1
89,192.0
66,353.0
514.1
635.1
118,840.2
123,227.0
77,583.0
642.8
863.9
Current
Estimate
1982
$219,761.9
228,141.0
257,340.0
1,642.0
1,927.4
236,796.7
248,598.0
273,429.6
2,246.3
2,787.4
83,831.1
87,119.0
97,944.7
499.4
620.6
107,228.1
114,087.0
125,666.8
609.5
822.8
Estimate
1983
$184,053.3
188,611.0
218,492.5
1,333.2
1,549.4
185,965.7
192,294.0
212.286'.5
1,849.5
2,292.0
59,750.1
71,783.0
83,882.7
455.5
550.8
103,343.7
106,408.0
124,857.6
557.0
740.1
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Pesticides
Budget Author)ty
Obligations.....
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Workyears.
Total Workyears
Radiation
[fudge t Authori ty.
Obligations...*..
Outlays.
Permanent Full-time Workyears.
Total Workyea rs,
Noise
Bulge t Authority
Obligations.........
Outlays ,
Permanent Full-time Horkyears.
Total Workyears..
Interdisciplinary
budget Authority
Obligations....
Ou tl ay s
Permanent Full-time Morkyears.
Total Workyears, -.-...
Toxic Substances
Budget Authori ty.
Obligations.
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Morkyears.
Total Workyears...............
Actual
1981
69,199,2
64,769.8
58,120.1
887.0
967.4
13,403.7
14,228.6
12,998.3
187.3
218.4
12,958.1
12,207.1
13,210.2
89.3
128.3
14,388.0
13,915.9
14,558.4
186.9
226.3
103,168.8
94,103.8
97,146.6
690.7
830.3
January
Estimate
1982
72,133.7
73,125.0
68,919.0
874.1
993.8
16,969.9
16,970.0
17,082.0
206.0
241.6
12,759.3
12,759.0
13,356.0
93.5
142.9
16,011.1
15,085.0
32,822.0
144.0
178.0
107,640.7
107,065.0
68,394.0
796.7
912.7
(torch
Estimate
1982
§1,788.1
63.060.0
63,320.0
810.9
926.2
12,887.8
12,888.0
IB,705.0
160.0
191,4
2,271.4
2,271.0
12,060.0
29,2
42.9
18,993.4
14,418.0
30,602.0
206,8
259,0
97,816.3
97,577.0
63,500.0
731.7
836.8
Current
Estimate
1982
53,738.1
56,606.0
60,903.5
744.6
854.4
10,378.7
10,826.0
11,424.0
149.3
178.6
2,010.6
2,597.0
2,189.4
25.2
37.7
17,717.9
17,941.0
20,047.1
196.4
246.8
77,377.8
86,712.0
8B.528.4
686.5
783.7
Estimate
1983
50,782.0
52,271.0
57,244.4
660.9
744.5
10,351.1
10,588.0
11,147.0
135.1
159.9
40.0
350.0
20,738.1
20,865.0
22,853.0
310.3
363.7
68,604.0
73,155.0
80,130.3
607.7
687.7
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Energy
Buffet Author 1 ty..............
Obi 1 ga tlons
Outl ays
Permanent Full-time Workyearrs.
Total No rkyea rs
Management and Support
budget Authority...................
Obligations.......,.,....,.,..,....
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Uorkyears......
total Morkyea rs
Bull dines and Facilities
ing!
get
Budget. Autnori ty.
Obligations......
Outlays
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obligations.....;
Outl ays .
Construction Grants
Budget Authority..
Obligations
Outlays....
Scientific Activities Overseas
Budget Authority.
Obligations......
Outlays
Revolving Fund
obligations..
Outlays......
Actual
1981
104,529,6
84,564.2
111.730.0
147.5
219.5
216,674.7
211,978.1.,
209,72O5
2,435.2
3,130,1
4,115.0
3,104.4
1,454.5
589.1
2,257,6
1,604,837.0
3,941,567.1
3,881,172.7
162.0
1,156.7
501.0
-63,0
January
Estimate
1982
96,845.3
96,845.0
118,439.0
142.4
241 -.7
256,921.7
256,922.0
224,931.0
2,676.0
3,421.1
6,646.0
6,367.0
3,965.0
2,000.0
3,700,000.0
4,950,000.0
4,230,000.0
805.0
1,300.0
700.0
100.0
March
Estimate
1982
70,145.9
70,146.0
109,264.0
144.9
244.2
232,538.0
232,538.0
208,801.0
2,436.6
3,178.7
4,115.0
4,837.0
3,700.0
2,000.0
1,100,000.0
3,840,000.0
805.0
1,300.0
700.0
100.0
Current
Estimate
1982
52,492.3
65,179.9
85,557.0
131,9
213.2
221,057.8
221,057.8
237,468.5
2,328.1
3,036.6
3,621.0
4,837.0
3,537.0
1,442.0
2,000.0
2,400,000.0
3,409,458.0
4,050,000.0
805.0
1,300.0
700.0
100.0
Estimate
1983
34,530.2
42,492.4
55,501.0
61,8
100.1
230,273.8
230,273.8
234,938.0
2,098.8
2(632.8
3,000.0
3.864.0
3,559.0
500.0
2,400,000.0
2.400,000.0
3,350,000.0
700.0
1,200.0
700.0
100.0
-------
Trust Funds
Budget Authority.
Obligations......
Outlays
Reimbursements
Obligations
Permanent Full-time Workyears,
Total Horkyears
U.S. Regulatory Council
Reg
pf
Budget Authon ty.
Obi Iga tlons
Outlays.
Permanent Full-tine Workyears.
Total Workyears...............
Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund
""Budget Authority....
Obi 1 ga tlons
Outlays.
Permanent Full-time Workyears....
Total Workyears...
Payment to Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Budget "Authority..-.
Obi iga tlons.
Out!ay s
Total Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Authori ty ,
Obligations
Ou tl ay s
Permanent Full-tine Workyears.
Total Workyears
Actual
1981
12.0
3.0
2.3
21,269.5
54.6
62.9
2,500.0
2,412.2
2,254.8
10.0
24.1
74,742.9
40,283.1
8,038.7
67.3
75.3
(9,000.0)
(9.000.0)
(9,000.0)
January
Estimate
1962
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
62.6
71.6
2,580.0
2,580.0
3,000.0
11.0
26.0
250,000.0
250,000.0
164,000.0
635.0
730.0
March
Estimate
1982
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
1,030.0
200,000.0
200,000.0
84,000.0
503.0
584.0
Current
Estimate
1982
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
613.0
190,000.0
190,000.0
117,743.0
503.0
584.0
(26,600.0)
(26,600.0)
(26,600.0)
Estimate
1983
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
230,000.0
230,000.0
188,000.0
516.4
592.2
(44,000.0)
(44,000.0)
{44,000.0)
$3,033,180.5
5,280,04^.7
5,249,240.4
10,509.1
12,837.5
$5,326,271.0
6,610,408.0
5,800,965.0
11,673.7
14,449.2
$1,391,447.0
2,526,585.0
5,224,272.0
10,387.0
12,860.5
$3,676,012.0
4,776,131.7
5,435,812.0
9,821.0
12,161.0
$3,591,392.0
3,654,070.2
4,645,061.0
8,645.0
10,481,0
-------
ENVIROIMEMTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Increases or Decreases
Budget Authority and Horkyears
(dollars In thousands)
Research and Development
Budge t AutlwH ty
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Budget AuthoH ty .................
Permanent Full-time Workyears....
Salaries and Expenses
Permanent Full-time Workyears....
Total Iforkyears
Buildings and Facilities
Scientific Activities Overseas
Reimbursements
Permanent Full-time Workyears....
Total korkvears
January
Estimate
1982
$229,355.0
492,072*0
16KB
645,618.0
10,965.1
13 459.8
6,646.0
62.6
71.6
Harch
Estimate
1982
$190,635.0
413,928.0
582,769.0
9,825.2
12 208.7
4,115.0
58.8
67.8
Current
Estimate
1982
$154,315.6
372,969.7
* * *
555,105.7
9,259.2
11 509.2
3,621.0
58.8
67.8
Estimate
1983
$108,703.8
311 575.0
* * *
538,113.2
8,069,8
9 821.0
3,000.0
.
58.8
67.8
Increase +
Decrease -
-$45 611.fi
-61,394.7
4 *
-16,992.5
-1,189.4
-1 688.2
-621.0
.
...
-------
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
U.S. Regulatory Council
BudgetAuthority..."..".. $2,580.0
Permanent Full-time Workyears.... 11.0
Total Workyears 26,0
Hazardous Substance Response
trust "f unS
BudgetAuthority 250,000.0 200,000.0 190,000.0 230,000.0 +40,000.0
Permanent Full-time Workyears.... 635.0 503.0 503.0 516.4 +13.4
Total Workyears. 730.0 584.0 584.0 592.2 +8.2
Payment to Hazardous Substa nee
Response Trust Fumf
Widest' JbiThb'Fttai';" ... ... (26,600.0) (44,000.0) (+17,400.0)
Obligations ... ... (26,600.0) (44,000.0) (+17,400.0)
Outlays. ... ... (26,600.0) (44,000.0) (+17,400.0)
Subtotal
Butfgel Authority > $1,626,271.0 $1,391,447.0 $1,276,012.0 $1,191,392.0 -$84,620.0
Permanent Full-time Workyears..., 11,673.7 10,387.0 9,821.0 8,645.0 -1,176.0
Total Workyears. 14,449.2 12,860.5 12,161.0 10,481.0 -1,680.0
Construction Grants
Budget Authiaf 1 ty , 3,700,000.0 ... 2,400,000.0 2,400,000.0
Total. Environmental Protection
Agency
TOlget Authority $5,326,271,0 $1,391,447.0 $3.676,012.0 $3,591.392.0 -$84,620.0
Permanent Full-time Morkyears.... 11,673.7 10,387.0 9,821.0 8,645.0 -1,176.0
Total Workyears. 14,449.2 12,860.5 12,161.0 10,481.0 -1,680.0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Liquidation of Contract Authority
(In thousands of dollars)
January March Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate
1991 1902 1982 19S2 1983
Construction Grants... ...» $1,700,000.0 $1,000,000.0 $1,000,000.0 $1,000,000.0
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Air
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ACTUAL
1981
AIR
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 ₯S 1982
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control <
Compliance
Research * Development
TOTAL, Air
$76,233.9 $89,030.6 $82,682.4 $77,517.8 $67,171.9 -$10,345.9
$125,369.2. $126,821.4 $119,936.3 $112,193.0 $92,800.8 -$19,392.2
$33,785.4 $39,368.9 $35,549.0 $30,051.1 $24,080.6 -$5,970.S
$235,388.5 $255,220.§ $238,167.7 $219,761.9 $184,053.3 -$35,708.6
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,753.8 1,912.5 1,746.4 1,642.0 1,333.2 -308,8
2,087.2 Z.286.2 2,037.2 1,927.4 1,549.4 -378.0
$247,040.7 $287,832.0 $266,257.0 $257,340.0 $218,492.5 -$38,847.5
$270,167.0
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Oxldants Non-Energy*
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research $ Development
Hazardous Air
Pollutants Non-Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research J Development
$5,268.5 $5,770.8 $5,730.9 $5,240.6
$8,433.4 $12,705.4 $12,345.1 $9,961.0
$4,581.0 -$659.6
$6,877.8 -$3,083.2
$4,799.6 $5,308.4 $5,884.0 $5,339.1 $4,941.7 -$397.4
$5,099.4 $5,742.3 $4,884.0 $4,034.5 $3,052.7 -$981.8
-------
ACTUAL
1981
AIR
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS Id THOUSANDS)
Mobile Sources Non-
Energy
Salaries S Expenses
Research A Development
Gases and Particles
Non-Energy
Salaries I Expenses
Research S Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
RESEARCH t DEVELOPMENT
A1r Quality &
Stationary Source
Planning 4 Standards
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
(tabHe Source Air
Pollution Control i Fuel
Econonjy
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 1
Compliance
$4,054,4 $3,825.8 $3,805.2 $3,031.8 $2,034.6
$2,891.5 $2,483.4 $2,448.0 $2.563.8 $2.441.9
$11,177.9 $14,231.4 $13.460.5 $12,069.1 $11,547.1
$17,361,1 $18.437,8 $15,871.9 $13.491.8 $11,708.2
$25,300.4
$33,785.4
TOTAL $59,085.8
$29,136.4 $28,880.6 $25,680.6 $23.104.4
$39,368.9 $35,549.0 $30.051.1 $24,080.6
$68,505.3 $64,429.6 $55,731.7 $47,185.0
$9,512.3 $10,297.4 $9,817.4 $9.523.6 $8,007.8
$17,199.8 $19,269.0 $15,362.0 $10,733.9 $11,781.6
$10.309.6 $8,472.0 $10.839.1 $10,019.3 $8,980.7
$4,367,6 $3,447.9 $3,358.9 $1,548.3 $3,038.3
-$997.2
-$121.9
-$522.0
-$1,783.6
-$2.576.2
-$5.970.5
-$8,546.7
-$1.515.8
$1,047.7
-$1.038.6
$1,490.0
-------
ACTUAL
1981
AIR
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1902 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
State Programs
Resource Assistance
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Mobile Source
Preproduction Compliance
Verification
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Trends Monitoring S
Progress Assessment
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compl1ance
ABATEMENT * CONTROL
$219.3 $381.8 $381,8 $223.5 $238,1 $14.6
$91,057.3 $88,395,9 $88,395.9 $88,734.9 $70,578.7 -$18,156.2
$9,526.1 $10,462.3 $9,184.3 $9,564.4 $8,791.5 $772.9
$222.0 $2,242.9 $42.9 $116.5 $34.3 $82.2
$4,373.1
$631.4
$3,924.4 $4,550.1 $4,529.9 $4,313.9 $4,425.3 $1-11.4
$431.7 $510.5 $502.8 $312.6 $452,3 $139.7
$33,491.7 $38,536.7 $34,752.5 $33,644.7 $30,443.4 -$3,201.3
$113,278.4 $114,497.6 $107,662.5 $101,446.2 $85,885.2 -$15,561.0
TOTAL $146,770.1 $153,034.3 $142,415.0 $135,090.9 $116,328.6 -$18,762.3
-------
AIR
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 198Z 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses $13,038,8 $17,145.8 $15,358.7 $14,232.9 $10,101.5 -$4,131.4
Abatement Control * $9,845.0 $9,841,2 $9,791.2 $9,791.2 $5,019.1 -$4,772.1
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses $4,403.0 $4,211.7 $3,690.6 $3,959.6 $3,522.6 - $437.0
Abatement Control I $2,199.8 $2,482.6 $2,482.6 $955.6 $1,896.5 $940.9
Compl1ance
Salaries ft Expenses $17,441,8 $21,357.5 $19,049.3 $18,192.5 $13,624.1 -$4,568,4
Abatement Control & $12,044,8 $12,323.8 $12,273.8 $10,746.8 $6,915.6 -$3,831.2
Cotnpl lance
EMFORCEMEHT TOTAL $29,486.6 $33,681.3 $31,323.1 $28,939.3 $20,539.7 -$8,399.6
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Oxldants Non-Energy
Hazardous Air
83.3
91.9
74.1
77.9
74.1
92.9
67.7
90.6
59.9
77.3
-7.8
-13.3
Pollutants Non-Energy
Mobile Sources Non- 56.2 34.7 34.7 31.3 21.9 -9.4
Energy
-------
AIR
Gases And Particles
Non-Energy
RESEARCH I DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Air Quality «
Stationary Source
Planning 8 Standards
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control S
Fuel Economy
State Programs
Resource Assistance
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Mobile Source
Preproduetlon Compliance
Verification
Trenrts Monitoring 4
Progress Assessment
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Mobile Source
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
182.2
413.6
241.2
208,5
4.3
277.4
108.3
839.7
392.7
107.8
500.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
194.6
381.3
250.5
152.3
6.0
311.0
87.0
116.3
923.1
497.5
110.6
608,1
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
179.6
381.3
236.1
178.4
6.0
275,0
116.3
811.8
456.3
97.0
553.3
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
174.9
364.5
231.1
172.4
4.0
261.4
112.4
781.3
409.2
87.0
496.2
ESTIMATE
1983
149.5
308.6
191.9
140.4
4.0
246.5
112.0
694.8
273,4
56.4
329.8
INCREASE ^
DECREASE
1983 VS 19(
-25.4
-55.9
-39.2
-32.0
-14.9
-.4
-86.5
-135.8
-30.6
-166,4
-------
AIR
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Oxidants Non-Energy
Hazardous Air
Pollutants Non-Energy
Mobile Sources Non-
Energy
Gases And Particles
Non-Energy
RESEARCH $ DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Air Quality &
ACTUAL
1981
108,7
111.4
74.*
210.4
505.1
263.2
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
106.5
101.5
52.8
233.8
494.6
273.4
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
106.5
116.5
52.8
218.8
494.6
257.4
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE 1
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE
1982 1983 VS 19£
98.5
113.3
49.0
217.3
478.1
252.4
84.5
93.3
35.7
187.1
400.6
206.3
-14.0
-20.0
-13.3
-30.2
-77.5
-46.1
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
Mobile Source A1r
Pollution Control ft
Fuet Economy
State Programs
Resource Assistance
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Mobile Source
Preproduction Compliance
VeHH cation
272.7
33.5
189.7
72.7
235.6
8.0
227.6
6.0
185.5
-42.1
4.0 -2.0
308.3 337.8 298.8 284.6 266.8 -17.8
110.0
-------
AIR
Trends Monitoring 1
Progress Assessment
ABATEMENT * CONTROL
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Mobile Source
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT
ACTUAL
1981
121.0
TOTAL 998.7
435.2
148.2
TOTAL 583.4
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
128,0
1,111.6
536.8
143.2
680.0
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
128.0
927,8
487.1
127.7
614.8
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
123.7
894.3
437.3
117.7
555.0
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
121.8
784.4
289.6
74.8
364.4
-1,9
-109.9
-147.7
-42.9
-190.6
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AMDSTRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a national program of air pollution research,
regulation, and enforcement activities. Under the Act, primary responsibility
for the prevention and control of air pollution at its source rests with State
and local government, with a mandate that the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) take action where States do not fulfill their responsibilities. EPA's
role is to conduct research and development programs, ensure that adequate stan-
dards and regulations are established to meet environmental goals set by the
Act, support and promote State and local assumption of environmental responsi-
bilities and control activities, and ensure that the standards and regulations
are effectively met. The environmental goals are generally those prescribed by
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Two types of standards are set:
primary standards to protect human health, and secondary standards to protect
the public welfare (prevention of damage to property, animals, vegetation, crop,
visibility, etc.). The health and other effects of pollutants are delineated in
criteria documents which are the basis for the standards. There presently are
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for total suspended participates, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead.
Specific limitations on pollutant emissions necessary to meet NAAQS are
prescribed in State Implementation Plans (SIP). These controls are supplemented
by federally prescribed national emission standards for selected new stationary
sources (called new source performance standards) and new mobile sources of air
pollution.
Air program activities have been directed primarily at the attainment and
maintenance of NAAQS. The combined Federal-State-local effort at controlling
air pollution has achieved a noticeable degree of success in improving ambient
air quality across the Nation, with some areas attaining all standards while
allowing economic growth. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977, recognizes
the fact that not all standards have been met in all areas and sets forth a
comprehensive program for achieving the standards. In general, the Act requires
that the standards be attained by the end of calendar year 1982. However, in
recognition of the unusual problems some areas have in attaining the standards
for ozone and carbon monoxide, attainment of these standards is to be as exped-
itious as possible, but in no case later than 1987.
The Agency's highest air program priority 1n 1983 will continue to be the
improvement of State Implementation Plans to ensure an adequate regulatory base
for attaining and maintaining the NAAQS. Extensions of the ambient air quality
standard attainment dates for ozone or carbon monoxide beyond 1982 were granted
to 29 States. For these 29 States the law requires submittal of a state plan in
1982 which will demonstrate attainment of standards. Fiscal year 1982 will see
Intensified efforts by State and local control agencies, with assistance from
EPA, to adopt additional measures for control of hydrocarbon emissions from
both stationary and mobile sources and to accelerate their Implementation in
1983.
The 1977 amendments to the Clean Air Act require EPA to review and revise,
if necessary, the NAAQS on a 5-year schedule. A revised ozone standard was
promulgated In 1979. A revised carbon monoxide (CO) standard 1s scheduled to be
promulgated in 1982. Revisions to the participate matter standard are to be
proposed In 1982 with promulgation in 1983. Revised standards for sulfur dioxide
(502) and nitrogen dioxide (NOz) are expected to be proposed 1n 1983. The
necessary credible scientific information on health and other effects for the
review and revision of NAAQS, is provided by EPA's research program. Work in
1983 is focused on the standards reviews required by the Act. Also, in order
to help determine the scope of the inhalable particulate problem, monitoring
methods for measuring Inhalable particles in ambient air and at sources will be
improved.
A-8
-------
While substantial progress has been made, completion of new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS) for all major stationary sources as required by the Clean
Air Act Amendments will not be completed by the 1982 date mandated by the Act.
Consequently, the 1983 program to produce NSPS for major stationary source
categories will be increased over 1982 levels in an effort to accelerate the
completion of these standards.
The mobile source air pollution control program will emphasize continued
simplification of motor vehicle preproduction and presale requirements. This
will reduce unnecessary and redundant automobile manufacturers' paperwork, report-
ing and testing burdens, while maintaining environmental protection. Increased
emphasis will be placed on compliance of in-use vehicles. Programs to control
fuel switching and tampering will continue and the States are being encouraged
to develop their own enforcement programs for these two problems.
Assessments of human exposure to motor vehicle pollutants in actual community
situations will be the highest priority of the mobile source research program.
This program provides EPA'with a scientifically defensible data base on motor
vehicle emissions to support and evaluate mobile source standard setting processes
and abatement strategies. In 1983, research on the health risks associated with
diesel emissions will focus on assessing human exposure.
In addition to the NAAQS, nationally applicable emission levels are pre-
scribed for other pollutants deemed especially hazardous, and apply to both new
and existing pollutant sources. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAP) have been established for asbestos, beryllium, mercury and
vinyl chloride from a variety of sources. Benzene, arsenic and radionuclides
have been listed as hazardous air pollutants, and emission control regulations
are under development with promulgations for benzene sources and coke ovens
expected in 1982 and 1983.
Additional chemical compounds are under review for decisions on whether or
not they should be listed as hazardous air pollutants. Research on hazardous
air pollutants will provide the scientific support for the Identiflcation
evaluation, regulation and control of airborne substances having carcinogenic,
mutagenic or other chronic, toxic health effects.
National and international concern continues to be expressed about the
problems potentially associated with add deposition. Research 1n support of
this effort 1s covered in the multi-media Energy Program and is designed to
develop the necessary data bases in order to fully understand the sources,
characteristics, trends, and potential damages of acid deposition before any
regulatory actions are taken. The 1983 proposed program, based on current
authorities, will Initiate a significant monitoring effort.
Many of the major activities highlighted in the preceding discussion of the
thrust of the 1983 program require field work on the part of both the States and
EPA Regional offices. The SIP revision and implementation process, the beginning
of analyses necessary in anticipation of revised ambient air quality standards,
the carrying out of Initiatives related to regulatory reform and new source
review all Impose significant workload requirements upon both States and Regions.
The 1983 abatement and control and enforcement programs continue to reflect
full partnership with the States in air pollution control. States have been
assisted 1n assuming their responsibility under the Act by EPA's provision of
both financial and technical support. Such assistance will be continued at a
reduced level in 1983 reflecting regulatory reform and broader State discretion
on regulatory programs. This assistance will emphasized improving State capa-
bilities with a corresponding reduction of detailed Federal overview.
The stationary source enforcement program will shift emphasis to focus on
major sources (those with an emissions potential with controls of 250 tons per
year or more) in nonattainment areas; and from Judicial enforcement, to adnrini-
A-9
-------
strati ve enforcement mechanisms. The assumption of Increased enforcement respon-
sibility by States and local governments will be of high priority, and technical
support for State enforcement programs will be provided by EPA.
EPA's research program also contributes to Information required by State
and local control programs and by the Regional offices In assisting these control
programs. Environmental processes and effects research produces technical infor-
mation on the environmental effects of ozone and nitrogen oxides and provides the
urban and regional air quality models needed by states to develop, adopt and
enforce cost-effective control strategies for these pollutants. Controls for
volatile organic compounds (VOC) will be evaluated in the engineering program
for their applicability to small. Industrial sources. Urban and regional disper-
sion models for sulfur oxides and particles are being improved and refined to
help States choose optimum control strategies. This effort will Include develop-
ment of source apportionment analyses which will permit more precise Identifica-
tion of sources contributing to specific ambient air quality problems.
A-10
-------
j AIR
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AMD DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 A-fr Program $219,761.9
Salaries and Expenses -10,345.9
The net decrease reflects the personnel reduc-
tion related to the formation of the new Office
of Legal and Enforcement Counsel in the Inter-
disciplinary program, improved focus of enforce-
ment efforts, state of completion of implementa-
tion plans, as well as consolidation of mobile
source control activities.
Research and Development -5,970.5
The net decrease reflects the completion of some
diesel health studies in 1982, and improved sche-
duling of research activities necessary for the
review of ambient air quality standards.
Abatement, Control and Compliance.......... -19,392.2
The net reduction reflects reduced need for extra-
mural support for enforcement as the Agency refines
its focus on major violators, as well as a reduc-
tion in the Section 105 Grants.
1983 Air Program $184,053.3
SUMMARY OF CHAMGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(1n thousands..of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate 3255,220.9
January-March -16,097.7
Reorganization -955.5
Reprogrammings . +400.2
Congressional Actions....... -18,758.9
A decrease of $8,478,000 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of $3,530,300
to Research and Development were taken against
the March estimate to reflect the September 12%
reduction. A Congressional add-on of $500,000
for academic training grants was applied to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance. An
additional reduction of $9,286,500 was app-
lied to the Salaries and Expenses ($7,475,000),
Research and Development ($203,500), and Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance (51,608,000) ap-
propriations to meet Congressional 1y mandated
appropriation levels. Congress also restored
A-11
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(fn thousands of dollars)
$2,035,900 to the Abatement, Control and Comp-
liance appropriation for Stationary Source
Enforcement.
Transfer Authority , -47.1
A net decrease of $47,100 was transferred from
this program as follows: $227,600 was trans-
ferred from Abatement, Control and Compliance;
$1,764,100 was transferred from Research and
Development; and $1,944,600 was transferred to
Salaries and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate $219,761.9
A-12
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AIR
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
Program Activities 1981 _1982 1982 1983 1983 jrs. 1981
Number of pollutants
covered by hazardous
pollutants standards... 4856 +1
Number of automobile
engine families awarded
certificates for con-
formity with emission
standards 216 250 250 250
Number of source categories
covered by New Source
Performance Standards.. 37 61 51 66 +15
Number of emission tests
carried out for motor
vehicles certification
purposes 590 150 300 300
Number of fuel economy
tests carried out 275 1.300 700 700
Assembly line testing
test orders 27 28 25 17 ~8
Combined fuels/vapor
recovery Inspections... 25,000 25,000 14,000 25,000 +11,000
Recall Investigations.. 35 35 45 35 -10
Number of administrative
orders initiated by EPA. 65 207 65 190 +125
Numbers of compliance
monitoring Inspections
conducted by EPA. 3,475 2,300 . 1.825 1,835 +10
Assistance provided in
State Compliance
Activities 28 55 110 +55
Number of technical work-
shops developed.. 3335 +2
Number of Enforcement Work-
shops presented to State
and local agencies 23 20 30 40 +10
Number of Technical
Manuals Developed 64 4 4
Number of Continuous
Compliance Pilot
Programs... »- 2 3 +1
A-13
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
Oxldants Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries A Expenses
Research & Development
Technical Information
t Liaison
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Monitoring Systems A
'Quality Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research A Development
Health Effects
Salaries S Expenses
Research 4 Development
Environmental Engineering
8 Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$247.9
$99.9
$253.0
$6.9
$182.6
$114.6
$199.6
$6.8
$181.6
$114.6
$199.6
$6.8
$882.7 $1,206.1 $1,197.0
$639.2 $436.2 $427.5
$1,588.2 $1,735.8 $1,726.0
$2,964.3 $4,955.4 $4,816.4
$552.2 $661.8 $653.0
$674.1 $1,748.2 $1,680.6
$181.6 $425.8 $244.2
$114.6 $300.8 $186.2
$169.3 $185.5 $16.2
$978.9 $693.9 -$285.0
$364.2 $390.1 $25.9
$1,410.2 $1,138.7 -$271.5
$3,804.8 $1,952.2 -$1,852.6
$603.8 $761.7 $157.9
$581.0 $1,602.7 $1,021.7
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AIR
Oxldants Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL;
Environmental
Processes « Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research « Development
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,744,5 $1.784.9 $1,773.7 $1,896.8 $1,375.4 -$521.4
$4,049,0 $5,444,2 $5,299.2 $5,096.4 $2,632.0 -$2,464.4
$5,268.5 $5,770.8 $5,730.9 $5,240.6 $4,581.0 -$659.6
$8,433.4 $12,705.4 $12,345.1 $9,961.0 $6,877.8 -$3,083.2
Oxldants Non-Energy TOTAL $13,701.9 $18,476.2 $18,076.0 $15,201.6 $11,458.8 -$3,742.8
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
A Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
3.4
3.4
14.9
25.0
3.7
3.1
15.4
18.4
3.7
3.1
15.4
18.4
3.0
3.1
15.4
15.7
5.5
1.9
10.3
16.6
2.5
-1.2
-5.1
.9
-------
& Technology
Environmental
Processes 4 Effects
TOTAL HORKYEARS
AIR
Oxldants Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
1 Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
8.3
28.3
83.3
5.9
4.2
18.7
28.8
13.2
10.6
22.9
74.1
5.9
4.9
22.0
21.2
18.4
10.6
22.9
74.1
5.9
4.9
22.0
21.2
18.4
9.6
20.9
67.7
5.2
4.9
22.0
17.9
17.4
6,7
18.9
59.9
8.0
3.6
14.8
17,6
14.4
-2.9
-2.0
-7.8
2.8
-1.3
-7.2
-.3
-3.0
37.9
108.7
34.1
106.5
34.1
106.5
31.1
98.5
26.1
84.5
-5.0
-14.0
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AIR
Oxidants Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,458,800 and 59.9 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $3,742,800 and 7.8 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included in this total is $4,581.000 for Salaries and Expenses and $6,877,800
for Research and Development, with a decrease of $659,600 and $3,083,200,
respectively. This net decrease results from a reduction due to an effort to
more efficiently schedule the work needed to produce the scientific data
required for future updates of the criteria documents, and an increase in
control technology work due to a consolidation of work from the Gases and
Particles, and Hazardous Air Pollutants budget sub-activities.
Program Description
The overall program provides scientific data on the health and environmental
effects, including ecological effects and material damage, and on monitoring
techniques for ozone (03) nitrogen dioxide (NOg) and other photochemical products
to comply with Sections 108 and 109 of the Clean Air Act, The Clean Air Act
requires that the criteria and standards be reviewed and, if necessary, revised
every five years; therefore, continually updated information on health effects
and ecological processes is needed to support maintenance or revision of the
criteria and standards.
As part of the projects which obtain such information, this program provides
the regulatory program with techniques for the assessment of the transport and
transformation processes involving ozone and nitrogen dioxide and their precur-
sors, volatile organic compounds and nitric oxide. Various types of models,
Including but not necessarily limited to air quality simulation models needed by
States for State Implementation Plans (SIP's), are developed to apply on local,
urban and regional scales. Appropriate field studies to obtain technical results
needed to Implement such models accompany the model development work.
Further, as part of this program, assessments are made through laboratory
and field studies of transport and transformation processes by which photochemi-
cally generated products other than ozone and nitrogen dioxide are formed and
eventually removed from the atmosphere into other media. This program also
supports the evaluation and assessment of the pollution control technologies
capable of reducing or eliminating volatile organic compounds emissions from
industrial sources. This research is designed to support State and local
agencies In developing and evaluating cost-effective abatement strategies for
photochemical oxidant pollution.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $347,800 for this program, of which
$247,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $99,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Technical consultation on the effects of NOX exposure was provided to
the Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) for their
development of a regulatory options paper for revising the NOX ambient air
standards. The necessary Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)
review of the NOX criteria document and other regulatory milestones were
achieved. In late 1931, initial planning and baseline contracts were awarded
to initiate the planning for the next update of the photochemical oxidant
criteria document.
A-17
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$297,200 $296,200 $296,200
The net decrease of ^$1,000 results from the following action:
- March. (-$1,0001 This change represented a decrease of
$1 ,000 from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $296,200 and 3.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $181,600 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $114,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The Agency's second criteria document for nitrogen oxides will be released
for OAQPS use in reviewing the existing nitrogen oxide ambient air standard. At
the request of the regulatory office the scientific assessment program Initiated
the 20-24 month process of preparing the updated photochemical oxldants document
which is then used as the scientific basis for revising the air quality standard
per the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $726,600 and 5.5 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $425,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and 3300,800 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $244,200 and $186,200
respectively, which supports the need to apply increased resources to the inten-
sive final stages of the ozone (photochemical oxldants) criteria document
devel opment.
By October 1982, 1t Is expected that the ozone criteria document will be on
schedule and be about half completed in terms of the total time necessary to
develop and/or revise it. The first draft of a document for external review,
including the CASAC, should be available in 1983. A final criteria document is
expected to be completed by early 1984, thus enabling the regulatory office to
meet the required five-year schedule for the review and revision of the oxidant
ambient air standard.
Initial planning and groundwork contracts will be awarded which will be
required for the next review of the air criteria document for nitrogen oxides.
This is in accordance with the periodic five-year update schedule.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
The Technical Information and Liaison function is performed 1n the majority
of the research and development budget sub-activities. It supports many of the
same type of activities In each area. Therefore, a description of these common
activities will not be repeated each time, but will be described here in the
Oxldants Non-Energy budget sub-activity and referenced in each succeeding one.
Accomplishments and proposed activities specific to each sub-activity will be
identified 1n the appropriate description.
The Technical Information and Liaison program supports those activities
which enable the Office of Research and Development (ORD) to communicate its
research results and to offer technical assistance to State and local authori-
ties and to other environmental decision-making officials. The program consists
of two major types of activities. The first, performed by the Center for
Environmental Research Information (CERI) In Cincinnati, 1s the development
A-18
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and dissemination of technical information products. These include program
and project summaries, decision series documents, technology transfer publica-
tions, the Research[Outlook, and Research Highlights.
The second major type of activity supported by this program is the liaison
work performed by the Regional Services Staff (RSS). RSS plans, coordinates,
and reviews a comprehensive program which provides for effective communications
between ORD, the ten Regions, and the Office of Intergovernmental Liaison. RSS
furnishes information to ORD on all aspects of Regional operations, acts as a
consultant to the Regions to help define and resolve their technical problems,
and helps provide direct technical assistance to State and local decision-makers
In accordance with PL. 96-480. This staff's activities insure that EPA's
Regional offices have ready access to ORD's research and development capability
and results.
The Technical Information and Liaison program insures that ORD's research
results are readily available in a usable form and are effectively communicated to
the program offices, to State and local officials, and to other Interested parties.
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of JZ59.900 for this program, of which
$253,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Technical Information support is reflected in the production of the following
products:
- Response Report: Oxidant Transport Study - San Jose, California
- Problem Oriented Report: Technical Assistance Document for
Non-Methane Organic Carbons (NMOC)
- Project Report: New Approaches to Quantitating the Pulmonary Effects
of Inhaled Pollutants
- Journal Article: Biochemical Effects of Inhalation of NOg by Human
Subjects at Rest
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$206,400 $206,400 $169,300
The net decrease of -$37,100 results from several actions, as follows:
~ ReprogranBiing. (-$800) This Agency-wide reprogramming provided resources
for transferof the accountability function to the Office of Management
Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional resources for
the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. (This reprogramming was included In a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$36,300) An additional reduction of -$36,300
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
al ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$6,800 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$6,800 to Salaries and Expenses for essential operating costs.
A-19
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $169,300 and 3.1 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Specific products will be developed Including:
- Project Report: National Forest Ozone Study
- Conference Proceedings: Measurements and Reactivities of Natural
Hydrocarbons
- Project Report: Ozone Effects on Subjects with Thermal and Exercise
Stress; and Pulmonary Function in Healthy Young Men Exposed to N02 ,
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $185,500 and 1.9 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects an
increase of $16,200, which results from a decision to increase the support
to the State's in assuming delegation.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials 1n support of
their Increased role 1n administering environmental programs.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,521,900 for this program, of which
$882,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $639,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Monitoring support was provided to OAQPS to help improve the usefulness of
air models and determine the effects of regional pollutant transport, as well as
to provide data for standards revision.
Quality assurance Involving the verification, calibration and audits of air
pollution measurements was continued to ensure the accuracy of oxidant standards.
A repository was maintained of standard gas samples for use in the calibration
of instruments with emphasis upon measurement of ozone, nitrogen oxides and
hydrocarbons.
Since only laboratory standards are currently available for use in ozone
measurement, a standard utraviolet spectrophotometer was developed by the National
Bureau of Standards under support from the Agency. This will be used as a refer-
ence standard in the field for ozone measurements and will enhance the States
and Agency's ability to measure ozone.
The National A1r Pollution Background Network continued operating in National
Forests. This network obtains background pollution level data in areas remote
from industrial /municipal emissions to provide a base for comparison and for trends
analysis.
A-20
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1982Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,642,300 $1,624,500 $1,343,100
The net decrease of -$299,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$17,800) This change represented a decrease of
Sl/.BUO from the January budget, of which $9,100 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $8,700 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in fewer quality assurance audits of ozone monitoring equipment.
- Congressional Actions. (-$281,400) A reduction of -$3,300 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12* reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation affecting the scope of an effort to
provide monitoring data and support. An additional reduction of -$278,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($248,100) and Research and Develop-
ment ($30,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease -$30,000 from Research and Development and an in-
crease of $30,000 to Salaries and Expenses for essential operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,343,100 and 15.4 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $978,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $364,200 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Work in 1982 focuses on the development of a low cost, portable monitor for
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since present monitoring devices are too
expensive to be widely used by local authorities, the successful development of
a low cost, portable device or method will be of Immense value in assisting
States' enforcement of VOC regulations already in place.
The quality assurance program, working through The National Standards Labo-
ratory, provides audit measurements and maintains a repository of standard gas
samples. These standard gas samples will be distributed to various laboratories
for use in calibration of Instruments. In the oxidant program, this emphasis is
on ozone, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
This program continues the monitoring system for measuring background
levels of ozone, through operation of the National A1r Pollution Background
Network in National Forests. This background network provides data for remote
areas, far from Industrial/municipal sources of emissions and thus will provide
a basis of comparison as well as for trends analysis.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,064,000 and 10.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $693,900 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $390,100 Is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $285,000 and an increase
of $25,900, respectively. This net decrease results from a slight reduction in
effort on monitoring support and audits while maintaining the emphasis on devel-
oping portable monitors.
Overhead monitoring support, will continue to be provided to OAQPS so that
the usefulness of air transport models will continue to improve. Additionally,
this supprt will help OAQPS determine the effects'Of ambient air quality stan-
dards by helping to provide the highest quality measurement methods available.
A-21
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The continuing operation of the National Standards Laboratory will provide
audit measurements and maintain a repository of standard gas samples. These
standard gas samples will be distributed to various laboratories for use In
calibration of Instruments. The emphasis in the oxidant program is on ozone,
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
Efforts will continue to focus on the development of a low cost, portable
monitor for volatile organic compounds, for which regulations are being developed.
The successful development of a low cost, portable device or method 1s needed
since existing instrumentation for VOC measurements are expensive and, in some
cases, hazardous. State and Agency officials have expressed a strong need for
this type of Instrument for use by local agencies and EPA field operations.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accocnpl i shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $4,552,500 for this program, of which
$1,588,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,964,300 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the revaluation process for updating the criteria documents
for 03 and NOg, the health research program provides scientific Information
designed to reduce the uncertainties 1n estimates of the public health risks
posed by photochemical oxidants. Thus an Improved understanding of the signifi-
cance of the various Indicators of biological response 1s sought with the
greatest emphasis on biochemical Indicators and Immune defense mechanisms.
Much of the research 1s designed to develop dose-response relationships
for inhalation of photochemical oxidants (03, N02, PAN, aldehydes) by sensitive
populations, since these groups may be more at risk or susceptible to the effects
of photochemical oxidants than normal healthy Individuals. The following results
have been obtained:
- In preparation for studies on the effects of inhalation of .03 on
"individuals with an inherited enzyme deficiency, which 1s found
primarily in Blacks, baseline pulmonary function data on the control
population (healthy Black males) have been obtained. The baseline
pulmonary function data differ from that obtained from normal
healthy White males.
- Methods to identify Individuals with hyperreactlve airways, who
are probably more sensitive to air pollution exposures, have been
developed using a pharmacological bronchial challenge.
- Vitamin C deficient animals were found to have increased suscepti-
bility to NO? but not 03 with respect to pulmonary edema. The
results suggest the potential existence of a sensitive human sub-
population.
- Young rats exposed to ambient levels of 03 were found to be more
susceptible than mature animals with respect to changes 1n pul-
monary function and structure.
The research efforts to develop the dose-response relationships for bio-
chemical and Immune effects produced data which Indicate that serum Vitamin E
levels 1n humans increased in a dose dependent fashion over an exposure range of
up to .4 ppm 03. The results are suggestive of activation of a protective
mechanism.
A-22
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The research to develop the dose/response relationship for pulmonary ef-
fects for exposures to 03 below .4 ppm has produced a result that indicates
an effect on pulmonary function 1n some healthy non-smoking young men at concen-
trations as low as .12 ppm, which is the current 1-hour standard. Short-term
exposures to concentrations of 03 as low as .26 ppm caused pulmonary edema in
animals. This latter response had not been previously reported.
The research to determine the likelihood of effects on the total body system
(systemic effects) resulting from inhalation of photochemical oxidants indicated
that the clearance of drugs from animals exposed to 03 was decreased by comparison
to non-exposed animals. This result was not observed with NOg exposure, however,
suggesting a systemic effect of 03 exposure.
1982 Explanation pf Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6.691,200 56,542,400 J5.215.000
The net decrease of -$1,476,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$148,800) This change represented a decrease of
SI 48, 800 from the January budget, of which $9,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $139,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the elimination of epidemiological studies performed by EPA
laboratories on chronic effects of oxidants and nitrogen oxides.
- Reprograimiing. (-$1,110,000) This transfer of resources from the oxidants
program to the mobile sources program consolidates carbon monoxide research
activities under the mobile sources research committee. The effect of the
transfer is for consolidation purposes only and does not affect any planned
research. This transferring of planning responsibility has already been
implemented by the research committees involved. (This reprogrammf ng was
included in a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressi onal Actions. (-$217,400) An additional reduction of -$217,400
was applied to the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
" Transfer AuthofJ! ty '- (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$303,600 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$303,600 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will permit
the purchase of essential supplies and equipment and other critical expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,215,000 and 15.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,410,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,804,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
While much of the work In this health research program is focused on dose/
response relationships the actual work can be divided into five research areas:
systemic effects; cardiovascular effects; respiratory effects; immune effects;
and metabolic effects.
Systemic effects (affecting the entire body system) of oxidants inhalation
are being evaluated in the laboratory in animals and humans; the effect of ozone
on systemic uptake of serotonin (an amine which affects smooth muscle tissue),
and systemic effects of oxidant exposure on human groups at risk (asthmatics and
persons with chronic obstructive lung disease) will be reported in 1983.
A-23
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Studies on the effects of NQ2 and 03 on serum lipids, a measure of cardio-
vascular degradation in animals, are being undertaken to evaluate the extent of
changes in serum lipids as early indicators of cardiovascular disease. Serum
lipid levels in humans exposed under controlled experimental conditions to H02
and Ch have been known to change, raising the question of the human health
significance of this response.
Respiratory effects (pulmonary function, tissue structure changes, tissue
sensitivity) of Inhalation of photochemical oxidants (03, M02) are being evalu-
ated in human clinical and animal studies to Improve exposure-response relation-
ships, particlarly for low exposure levels.
Immune and biochemical effects are being studied in human subjects 1n the
laboratory to relate Indicators of biological activity to disease susceptibility.
Specifically, the resulting effects of MO^ exposure on viral infectivity 1n
healthy humans and persons with enzyme deficiency provide sensitive indicators
for determining the extent to which human response to infections is modified by
exposure to air pollutants.
Metabolism data and Inhalation dosimetry of photochemical oxidants (03,
N02) are being obtained from animal experiments to develop and improve extrapola-
tion models for predicting human risk from animal data. The biochemical model
of ozone uptake in rat lungs will be completed and will improve the cross-species
extrapolation model for inhalation of reactive gases.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,090,900 and 16.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,138,700 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,952,200 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $271,500 and $1,852,600,
respectively, which results from efforts to more efficiently'schedule or phase
the work needed for the criteria update and still meet the Congressionally man-
dated 5-year review cycle. Therefore, there 1s a reduction in emphasis 1n 1983
in the research on extrapolation model development, systemic effects, biochemical
and immune effects and respiratory effects relating to inhalation toxicology of
photochemical oxidants. Research in these areas is still considered important
for future ozone criteria documents but will be conducted at a slower rate in
1983.
The objectives of this health research program in 1983 will be: to determine
if the early symptoms (clinical and subclinlcal) are causally related to disease
processes associated with exposures to photochemical oxidants; to identify suscep-
tible population groups for the health endpoints of concern (systemic effects,
cardiovascular effects, immune effects and respiratory effects); and to develop
pertinent models for extrapolation (transformation) of animal data to assess
risk to humans.
The major effort in 1983 will continue to be to develop a viable human
(clinical) studies program endeavoring primarily to ascertain the sensitivity of
susceptible populations to exposures to 03 and NO?. This Is an area that is
important to the 5-year update of the appropriate criteria documents.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,226,300 for this program, of which
$552,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $674,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Projects were completed in two general program areas: (1) volatile organic
compounds (VOC) emissions, and (2) supercritical, fluid solvent extraction.
A-24
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A number of projects came to fruition 1n the volatile organics program
during this fiscal year, wide-ranging assistance was provided to OAQPS for the
development of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Specific regulations
for which support was provided Included several Involving fugitive VOC emissions.
Emission data needed by OAQPS was developed for several Industrial processes,
Including flexible packaging, drum-mix asphalt plants, metal degreasing opera-
tions and synthetic organic chemical plants. Response factors were developed
for standard portable hydrocarbon detectors and for 160 different chemicals and
chemical mixtures. General design parameters were developed for several types
of VOC controls (including capture systems, carbon adsorption, and catalytic
oxidation), and controls for metal degreasing operations were evaluated.
The objective of recapturing gasoline vapors and industrial solvents moved
closer to reality with the completion of laboratory testing of a method for
supercritical fluid solvent extraction, this project demonstrated the effective-
ness of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide solvent extraction for regenerating
granular activated carbon used to adsorb hydrocarbons from air streams.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,410,000 $2,333,600 $1,184,800
The net decrease of -$1,225,200 results from several actions, as follows:
~ January - March. (-$75,400) This change represented a decrease of
$76,40U from theJanuary budget, of which $8,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $67,600 was for Research and Development.
~ C^ng£ess1ona'l- Actions. (-$1,148,800) A reduction of -$1,099,600 was
taken agiifist the Marcfi estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of
-$49,200 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,184,800 and 9.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $603,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $581,000 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The program 1s focused sharply on providing Information on a few critical
technical Issues to support the development of regulations being prepared by OAQPS.
Two types of research are Included: (1) evaluating generic control systems appli-
cable to industrial processes and (2) characterizing and predicting emissions
from Industrial processes. More specifically, evaluations of generic control
methods such as effective systems to capture emissions which contribute to
oxidant formation; and catalytic oxidation, carbon adsorption and thermal oxida-
tion for oxidant precursors are being continued. In addition, characteriza-
tion research is continuing for metal coating. This information is used by
States to develop cost-effective NSPS Implementation programs and to document
emission factors.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,364,400 and 6.7 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $761,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,602,700
is for Research and Development. This reflects an Increase of $157,900 and
$1,021,700, respectively, which reflects a consolidation of research on VOC
control technology, catalytic incinerators, inhalable participate emission
A-25
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factors, and technical support to the non-ferrous smelter order program from
the Gases and Particles and Hazardous Air Pollutants programs. However, the
combined control technology program reflects a slight overall decrease as a
result of reduced regulatory need.
The objective of the program 1n 1983 is to assess control technologies so
that appropriate, cost-effective performance standards can be established. At
the present time, there is a lack of credible information on the actual costs of
effective energy-efficient controls for the many medium and small industrial
sources.
Consistent with the emergent regulatory needs, research In 1983 will con-
tinue to focus on two types of data gathering: (1) the effectiveness of control
measures; and (2) emission factors. Control measures for which evaluations will
continue include carbon adsorption, thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and
flares and capture systems (Including hoods). Collection of emission data will
continue on metal coating operations and on inhalable particulates from metal-
lurgical sources. Additionally, work will continue to implement the research
portion of the non-ferrous smelter order (Section 119, Clean A1r Act, as amended).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $5,793,500 for this program, of which
$1,744,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,049,000 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The work in this program has focused on two primary areas of concern,
1) the development of scientific information on the effects of photochemical
oxidants on crops, ecosystems and materials to support the revision of national
and/or regional secondary (welfare) standards for photochemical oxidants; and
2) the production, evaluation, and upgrading of air quality models needed by
States and OAQPS to develop, adopt and enforce cost-effective control strategies.
Specific examples are outlined in the following material.
Results from field studies provided dose-response data which quantitatively
describe the Impacts of ozone on several important crops at locations across the
United States. Ambient ozone concentrations caused yield reductions of 10% for
Soybeans, 14% for peanuts, 50% for head lettuce, and 2% for red kidney beans.
Results from the exposure of a large number of crop species to N02 indicated
that foliar Injury from MO? was much greater from nighttime exposure when compared
with exposures during daylight hours. Thus, there Is a need to consider day and
night conditions in the evaluation of air quality criteria and control strategies
involving M02.
Research which addresses the phytotoxic effects of the photochemical oxidant,
peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), continued. The results indicated that PAN can Impact
the yield and the marketability of leafy vegetable crops, and should be considered
in a review of ozone air quality criteria.
Although the present ambient air quality standards are national standards,
there is the possibility that some of these' standards could be regionalized in
the future. Therefore, research continued that evaluated the Interaction
between regional environmental factors and plant growth/yield responses to
ozone, 1n order to develop Information for the possible regionalizing of air
quality standards. Initial results have shown that small depressions 1n plant
water availability significantly decrease the sensitivity of plants to ozone,
which probably results from reduced pollutant uptake.
A-26
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In order to assess the contribution of biogenically emitted hydrocarbons
to regional ozone formation, biogenic emission factors were developed for
isoprene and monoterpenes for several Important deciduous and coniferous trees
representative of the northeastern United States.
Four photochemical air quality simulation models which were developed over
the last few years have undergone preliminary evaluations for accuracy 1n pre-
dicting ozone concentrations on the urban scale. These urban photochemical
models were tested against a comprehensive air quality data base obtained in the
1972-1977 air- pollution field study in St. Louis. Once evaluated and verified,
these models will be used to assess and develop ozone control strategies for
urban areas, where the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) is not suitable,
especially those In non-attainment areas.
EKMA was evaluated against a historical data base to determine the effective-
ness of this technique to predict ozone control strategies. It 1s anticipated
that EKMA will be the major modeling approach used by States in the 1982 implemen-
tation planning process for ozone control.
A regional air quality ozone model has been formulated based on air quality
data collected during the 1978-1979 Northeast Regional Oxidant Study (NEROS).
This model, when developed and evaluated, will allow the decision maker to evalu-
ate the impact of oxidant control plans of Individual cities from a regional
perspective.
The roadway emissions characterization study was initiated to assess the
contribution of specific ozone precursors, namely volatile organic compounds
(VOC) from in-use motor vehicular sources. This work will be used to develop
more realistic emission input data and to evaluate ozone air quality models.
1982ExplanationofChangesfromJanuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$7,229,100 $7,072,900 $6,993,200
The net decrease of -$235,900 results from several actions, as follows:
* _*!a!MT" ti|arcn- (-5156,200) This change represented a decrease of
$156,zoo from the January budget, of which $11,200 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $145,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in reduced efforts in assessing the effects of ozone and nitrogen
dioxide on crop yield and vegetation.
~ Reprogramming. (-$16,700) This Agency-wide reprogramrning provided re-
sources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office of Manage-
ment Systems and Evaluation and, In addition, provided additional resources
for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. (This reprogrammlng was Included In a Tetter to Con-
gress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional. Action. (-$63,000) A reduction of -$16,.0.00 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12S reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of -$47,000
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
al ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$186,800 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$186,800 to Salaries and Expenses for the purchase of a diode
array rapid scanning spectrometer to establish products of photo-oxidation
A-27
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reactions; for an Increase -to travel to attend two meetings; and for repair
of scientific equipment. Additional funds will be used to meet shortfalls
in laboratory operations 1n such areas as utilities, basic maintenance of
the physical plant, and fabrication of research equipment used to support
inhouse research operations.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,993,200 and Z0.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,896,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,096,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Field assessment of the impacts' of ozone on crop production within the
United States is being continued to provide additional and repetitive dose/
response data for determining the economic Impacts of ozone. Research is being
focused on agronomic impacts at six sites across the United States. The yield
response of crops which have a high economic value is being studied to provide
scientific information for the economic concerns relevant to air pollution con-
trol strategies.
The impacts of K02 singly and in mixture with other gaseous pollutants on
the growth and productivity of vegetation have not been well defined. Studies
will focus on field-oriented research to evaluate the response of crops and
forest species to NOg and the Interactive effects of other gaseous air pollutants.
This research was initiated to provide information that was not available in
the recent A1r Quality Criteria Document for NOx.
Research which addresses the effects of the oxidant, peroxyacetyl nitrate
(PAID on crop yield is being completed. A document relating dose-response
functions for ambient concentrations of PAN with crop Injury and yield will be
published.
- Research which evaluates the interactive effects of soil moisture with the
response of various crop species to ozone will continue to provide a knowledge
base for predicting crop losses associated with ambient concentrations of 03
and moisture conditions. Results will be used in evaluating crop/forest impacts
based on soil moisture factors and air quality. This research primarily supports
the reviews of the secondary ambient air quality standards; however, dose/response
information will also be obtained to reflect regional variations in climate and
soil conditions. This Information can then be applied to the possible reglonali-
zation of the air quality standards.
Data bases which document agriculture productivity and air quality are being
assessed and integrated to provide Input for regional level models which will be
used to evaluate the economic impacts of ozone on crop production in the United
States. This data analysis provides the initial framework for an assessment of
cost/benefit relationships relevant to air pollution control options.
The evaluation and verification of urban photochemical models for ozone
are being completed. The results will specify the accuracy expected from these
models and recommendations on their usage for evaluating cost-effecive ozone
control strategies. In addition, these models are being modified in order to
predict NOg air quality, including short-term dosages.
The evaluation studies of the first generation EKMA model are being
completed using smog chamber studies and historical trend data analyses. In
addition, specific recommendations will be provided to Improve the predictive
capability of the models.
Outdoor smog chamber studies are being conducted to develop quantitative
information on the contribution of VOC/NOX mixtures (both synthetic VOC/NOX
and real auto-exhaust mixtures) in producing ozone. The data will be used to
improve the predictive capability of ozone air quality models.
A-28
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The photochemical reactivity of selected organics to produce ozone is being
determined by laboratory studies. The second phase of a roadway emissions char-
acterization study will be completed. Air pollutants are being measured along a
roadside to assess the motor vehicular contribution of ozone precursors especially
aldehydes and other volatile organic compounds.
Work on developing a regional ozone model is focusing on the comprehensive
data analysis and reduction of field data collected during the Northeast Regional
Oxidant Study (NEROS) program.
A reactive plume model Is being developed and evaluated using existing data
bases. This model will be used to determine the contribution VOC emissions from
individual stationary sources, e.g., refineries, play 1n producing ozone downwind
of the sourcet The program office needs this type of model 1n assessing the
impact of VOC control plans for stationary sources.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,007,400 and 18.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,375,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,632,000 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $521,400 and $2,464,400,
respectively, which results from efforts to more efficiently schedule the research
needed and still meet the mandated 5-year review cycle. Therefore, there Is a
reduction in the level of effort associated with the crop loss assessment program,
the urban scale ozone modeling program, and the biogenic emissions measurement
program, and a termination of the roadway emissions characterization studies on
oxidant precursors (VOC/NOX) in 1983.
Laboratory research will continue to address and quantify the role of envi-
ronmental factors (Including soil moisture and solar radiation) on the growth
and yield responses of crops to ozone, since these factors greatly Influence the
effects of air pollution. The data from previous field research will be organized
into dose-response functions. Using these data, technical Information and assis-
tance will be provided to the Agency's program and Regional Offices, and to State/
local governments, on damages and costs associated with the effects of oxidants
on economically Important agricultural crops. The program is closely coordinated
with the Gases and Particles research.
Laboratory studies will be conducted to assess the contributions of biogenic
emissions of terpenes and isopenes 1n producing evaluated ozone levels. Both
smog chamber and trajectory modeling studies will be used to make this assessment.
These biogenic emissions may contribute to the hydrocarbron reactions in the
formation of ozone.
Carefully designed smog chamber studies will continue to focus on the photo-
chemical reactions of VOC/NOX mixtures to simulate ozone generation, in order
to support the existing urban oxidants models and the regional photochemical
oxidant models which are under development. Aromatic compounds, an important
class of VOCs will be emphasized in these studies to reflect the increased use
of aromatic compounds in the formulation of automotive fuels.
The research program to develop a regional scale model for ozone will be
continued. A regional model will be developed and tested against the NEROS air
data base and will be improved for accuracy where necessary. In addition, the
preliminary plans will be developed to test the applicability of this model to
other areas of the United States. The regional model will be used by State and
Regional officials to calculate the extent of ozone transport from one area to
another. While the regional model will be formulated to predict regional ozone
levels, it is designed to be used also for modeling regional scale fine particles
sulfate concentration and transport. This program is closely Integrated with
the Gases and Particles modeling research area.
A-29
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants Non-Energy
u>
o
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Technical Information
& Liaison
Salaries ft Expenses
Research 4 Development
Monitoring Systems ft
Quality Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research ft Development
Health Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$1,192.7
$546.6
$95.8
$3.1
$1,664.2
$1,559.2
$1,348.5
$1,799.6
$189.4
$455.5
$309.0
$735.4
$1,163.8
$416.7
$103.4
$6.1
$2,391.0
$1,278.5
$1,018.2
$2,296.9
$232.6
$584.6
$399.4
$1,159.5
$1,155.4
$406.4
$103.4
$6.1
$2,364.6
$1,253.1
$1,637.5
$1,496.9
$226.3
$562.0
$396.8
$1,159.5
$1,285.0
$256.1
$96.5
$1,919.3
$957.7
$1,414.9
$1,292.3
$276.9
$495.9
$346.5
$1,032.5
$1,333.2
$675.0''
$85.9
$1,729.9
$1,013.9 ,/
$1,476.1
$865.8 y
$316.6
$498.0^
$48.2
$418.9
-$10.6
-$189.4
$56.2
$61.2
-$426.5
-$276.9
-S495.9
-$29.9
-$534.5
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS IN
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Hazardous Air TOTAL
Pollutants Non-Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TINE WQRKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
4 Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering I
Technology
$4,799.
$5,099.
$9,899.
22.
1.
37.
23.
2.
6
4
0
0
7
0
9
3
$5,308.
$5,742.
$11,050.
25.
2.
35.
6.
3.
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE
1983 DECREASE
1983 VS 1981
THOUSANDS)
4
3
7
0
2
0
1
6
$5,884.
$4,884.
$10,768.
25.
2.
35.
21.
3.
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
6
$5,339
$4 ,34
$9,373
23
2
33
21
3
.1
.5
.6
.8
.2
.9
.1
.6
$4,941.
$3,052.
$7,994.
21,
1.
30.
21.
7
7
4
0
2
1
1
-$397.4
-$981.8
-$1,379.2
-2.8
-1.0
-3.8
-3.6
Environmental
Processes ft Effects
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.9 -2.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
91.9
77.9
92.9
90.6
77.3 -13.3
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL MORKVEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
4 Liaison
£ Monitoring Systems *
Quality Assurance
Heal tti Effects
Environmental
Engineering 4
Technology
30.0
3.5
42.4
25.8
4.7
36.7
3.1
40.1
9.3
6.3
36.7
3.1
40.1
24.3
6.3
34.6
3.1
39.0
24.3
6.3
29.6 -5.0
2.1 -1.0
34.0 -5.0
23.7 -.6
-6.3
Environmental 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.9 -2.1
Processes £ Effects
TOTAL HORKYEARS 111.4 101.5 116.5 113.3 93.3 -20.0
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,994,400 and 77.3 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of 51,379,200 and 13.3 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
In this total 1s $4,941,700 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,052,700 for Research
and Development, with a decrease of 5397,400 and $981,800, respectively. This
decrease 1s due primarily to the transfer of the control technology program to
the Oxldants Non-Energy program, and also to a reduced emphasis on developing
source models and providing transport and fate data due to a lessened regultory
office need for these data.
Program Descrljttlon
The Hazardous Air Pollutants Research Program responds to the regulatory
needs of the Clean Air Act under Section 112, "National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants" (NESHAPS) and Section 111, "Standards of
Performance for New Stationary Sources" (MSPS). The program addresses:
(a) the human health risks associated with exposure to certain potentially
hazardous ambient air chemicals; (b) the sources of those chemicals; and
(c) the technical feasibility and costs of reducing human exposure to those
chemicals.
To determine the above, the Hazardous Air Pollutants program Identifies
and screens potential hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Identification and
screening are necessary to ascertain contaminant presence, concentration, trans--
port, transformation, persistence and health effects.
Risk assessments are then conducted. These assessments Involve the evalua-
tion and Interpretation of health and environmental data to permit the determina-
tion of the potential for human risk. These risk assessments are combined with
preliminary exposure analyses to provide estimates of the degree of population
risk and disease Incidence.
To properly make these estimates, research Is conducted to develop systems
for bloassays, dose response relationships, exposure-effect relationships, source
apportionment models, characterization studies, new and improved monitoring
systems and provisions for Information validation through an adequate quality
assurance program.
SCIENTIFIC.ASSESSMENT
1981 Accgmpl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,739,300 for this program, of which
$1,192,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $546,600 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The Scientific Assessment program provided two types of health assessment
documents which served as the basis for prioritizing and understanding the
health hazard of pollutants which are candidates for regulatory evaluation.
Twelve screening assessments were completed, as were six full health assessments
(trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, methyl chloroform, methylene chloride
chlorofluorocarbons, and toluene).
Identification and screening assessments are necessary In order to determine
what contaminants are present or are projected to be In the air, and to determine
their concentration, transport, transformation and persistence 1n the atmosphere.
A-33
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To address this information gap, the program currently includes studies to
summarize existing effects and chemical data for ambient air. The result of
these studies, plus the results of pilot field studies in progress, will be used
to select chemicals as candidates for regulation.
The second type of assessment is a health risk assessment on substances
selected during identification and screening. Risk assessments involve the
evaluation and Interpretation of available health and environmental data to
permit tire determination of the potential for human risk. The risk assessment
document provides the scientific health and environmental basis from which a
determination can be made if the exposure to a pollutant can reasonably be
expected to result in Irreversible or incapacitating reversible Illness. The
risk assessments are then combined with preliminary exposure analyses to pro-
vide quantitative estimates of degree of population risk and disease
incidence.
1982Explanation of Changes from Jan
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,580,500 $1,561,800 $1,541,100
The net decrease of -$39,400 results from several actions, as follows:
* January - March. (-$18,700) This change represented a decrease of
$18,/uu from the January budget, of which $8,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $10,300 was for Research and Development.
* RePr°graTing. (-$20,700) During the development of the operating plan,
Several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$20,700.
- Transfer Authority. (Mo Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$150,300 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$150,300 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will provide
funds to maintain basic operations for office supplies, reproduction, lease
of equipment, etc.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,541,100 and 23.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,285,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $256,100 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The 1982 program 1s similar to the one 1n 1981 1n that a combination of
screening and full health assessments are being initiated, finished, and, as
. required, sent to the Agency Science Advisory Board for review. To more fully
support the regulatory schedule, more emphasis is being placed on health assess-
ments versus screening assessments. The six assessments from 1981 are being
monitored through the Science Advisory Board review and approximately three new
assessments are being initiated. Screening assessments will be Initiated if the
program office decides there is a need to screen a limited number of andidate
substances.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,008,200 and 21.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,333,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $675,000
is for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $48,200 and
A-34
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$418,900, respectively. This increase 1s consistent with the greater emphasis
that has been placed on the development of comprehensive health assessment
documents.
As part of the Office of A1r Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) program
to identify and prioritize candidate hazardous substances which warrant more
in-depth regulatory analysis, the scientific assessment program will provide
ten screening assessments. Three full, health assessments begun in 1982 will be
finalized, and approximately five other new assessments will be initiated. The
Office of Health and Environmental Assessments will also provide support to the
Regions to define the nature of health hazards at local sites.
TECHNICAL, IHFORMTION AMD LIAISO^
Refer to the 0x1 dants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $98,900 for this program, of which
$95,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Specific accomplishments included sponsoring the symposium, Monitoring Haz-
ardous Pollutants In Air, and publishing a report entitled, Environmental
Regulations and Technology for the Dry Cleaning Industry.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$109,500 $109,500 $96,500
The net decrease of -$13,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Reprogramming. (-$200) This Agency-wide reprograrming provides
resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office of
Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provides additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogramming was included In
a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
" Congressional Actions. (-$12,800) An additional reduction of -$12,800
was applied to theSalaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up or a decrease of -$6,100 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$6,100 to Salaries and Expenses to cover essential operating
costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $96,500 and 2.2 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The 1982 activities include a conference on the state-of-art of monitoring
and sampling methods.
A-35
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1983 Pro gram Reqiiest
The Agency requests a total of $85,900 and 1.2 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a decrease
of 310,600, due to a decision to reduce the amount of technical Information
published and liaison support provided.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress
providing the necessary technical Information to States and local officials
1n support of their increased role In administering environmental programs.
SYSTEMS AMP QUAIITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,223,400 for this program, of which
$1,664,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,559,200 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Research was conducted to provide analytical methods to support the review
and possible revision of regulations. A revised provisional method for analysis
of airborne asbestos through the use of transmission electron microscopy was
drafted and circulated for review. A preliminary assessment of data from analyses
of filters containing asbestos in an urban parti cul ate matrix Indicated that a
process for preparing reference filters for quality assurance may be developed.
Research to support regulatory development resulted in a method for measuring
polychlorinated biphenyls 1n natural gas lines. Research to develop valid"
ated methods for nickel, cadmium, chromium, acrylonltrile and formaldehyde was
conducted.
In the area of quality assurance, testing was completed on reference gas
cylinders and permeation tubes of benzene and perchoroethylene. This research
is needed so that reference standards can be Issued by the National Bureau of
Standards in 1932. Long-term stability studies on test cylinders of toluene,
chloroform, carbon tetrachlorfde, chlorobenzene and vinyl chloride were com-
pleted; and results indicate that Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) at the
0.10 ppm to 10 ppra levels are feasible.
1982 Explanation of Change^^^
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,659,500 $3.617,700 $2,877,000
The net decrease of -$792,500 results from several actions, as follows:
" March' (-$51,800) This change represented a decrease of
$51 ,800 from the January budget, of which $26,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $25,400 was for Research and Development.
- Congressional Actions. (-$740,700) A reduction of -$212,600 was taken
from the March estimate reflecting the September 12S» reduction to the Research
and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of -$528,100 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly
mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Author!. ty . (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$82,800 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$82,800 to Salaries and Expenses for the increase of support to
major in-house projects of the lab; maintenance and repair of analytical
A-36
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instruments and computer equipment; rentals of office equipment; building
maintenance; and to fund the purchase of gases and CO monitors.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,877,000 and 33.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,919,300 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5957,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research to support the development of regulations will result in a
stationary source emission test method for acrylonitrile. Laboratory testing of
the source emission continuous monitor for vinyl chloride is being completed.
In the area of quality assurance, the following work is being conducted.
SRM's for benzene and perchloroethylene are being developed, and SRM's for
asbestos are being certified. These SRM's are filters and/or prepared
microscope grids containing chrysotile and amphibole asbestos filters in an
urban air particulate matrix. Working standards for outside laboratories are
being verified, and quality assurance samples are being provided for monitoring
projects. Sampling methods are being developed, and the sample integrity of
organic compounds in ambient air is being assessed.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,743,800 and 30.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,729,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,013,900 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $189,400 and an increase
of $56,200, respectively. This net decrease is a result of a decision to reduce
support slightly for the development of methods to measure hazardous air pollu-
tants in the ambient air due to the completion of several projects.
In support of the need to screen and identify hazardous air pollutants, a
gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer computer method will be developed for organics
in ambient air*, a high capacity sampler will be constructed for volatile organic
compounds; and a high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer will
be developed for organics 1n urban participates.
Stationary source methodology for national emissions standards for hazardous
air pollutants will be evaluated and validated to support regulatory review and
development. Candidate pollutants are trtchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride,
and methyl ene chloride. In addition, continuous emission monitors for designated
HAPs will be evaluated. Candidate emissions, selected in cooperation with
OAQPS, may include coke oven emissions, nickel and cadmium.
A repository for quality assurance reference samples and quality assurance
guidelines for HAPs will be developed. Audits for Regional and local government
laboratories will be performed.
Standard reference materials {SRM's) for vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene
will be developed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1931, the Agency used a total of $3,148,100 for this program, of which
$1,348,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,799,600
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, emphasis was placed on the identification and screening of
hazardous air pollutants, and on obtaining data to support regulation re-
view and development. Research was conducted to develop, improve and utilize
cost-effective health effects assays.
A-37
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A rodent lung cell method was developed and validated to aid 1n Identifying
and separating different lung cell types to determine which of these different
cell types metabolize hazardous air pollutants Into carcinogenic or mutagenlc
Intermediates.
Techniques for assaying airborne mutagens were developed and validated.
These techniques enable direct estimations of the type of airborne mutagen
present In the atmosphere, and the extent of human exposure.
A cancer mortality atlas was published. It presents both historical and
spatial data for different geographic areas.
An animal infectlvity model using Intratracheal exposures was validated.
This model can be used as a rapid and Inexpensive method for screening
hazardous air pollutants on the basis of their potential effects on the Immune
system.
Inhalation studies to determine what dose of arsenic trloxide causes
Increased susceptibility to respiratory Infection and Impairment of 1mmunolog1c
function were completed.
An animal pulmonary model which allows simple, rapid screening of chemicals
which may cause respiratory Irritation was validated.
Bioassays to test for developmental effects of hazardous air pollutants
emitted from Industrial sites and power plants were developed and validated.
A completed study on the susceptibility of the developing rodent to heavy
metals and other priority HAPs emphasized the susceptibility of the newborn to
alterations in the development of reproductive function. This led to a new
approach in reproductive toxicology testing.
Critical phases of animal development which are characterized by heightened
susceptibility to hazardous air pollutant effects were Identified. This achieve-
ment narrows the range of necessary testing, and thereby results 1n more efficient
procedures.
Tests of brain electrophysiology and sensory function, which may be espe-
cially sensitive to the neurotoxlc properties of airborne pollutants, were
developed.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,315,100 $3,134,400 $2,707,200
The net decrease of -$607,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- Jariuary _- March. (-$180,700) This change represented a decrease of
$18d ,70cJ from the January budget, of which an Increase of $619,300 was for
Salaries and Expenses and a decrease $800,000 was for Research and Develop-
ment. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation was a result
of a shift 1n resources from Gases and Particles Mon-Energy Health Effects.
- Congressional Actions. (-$427,200) An additional reduction of -$427,200
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($402,200) and Research and Develop-
ment ($25,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
" Transfer Authority, (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$179,600 from Research and Development and an
A-38
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increase of '$179,600 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase will permit the
purchase of essential supplies and equipment.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of 52,707,200 and 21.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which SI,414,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 31,292,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The identification and screening of hazardous air pollutants 1s an essential
preliminary step to more thorough testing. For this purpose, rapid and efficient
biological assays are being developed, validated as predictors of significant
effects, and applied to a broad range of potential airborne toxins. Existing
valid bioassay techniques are being used to screen and Identify potentially
hazardous compounds for four types of health effects of concern: (1) carcinogene-
sis and mutagenesls; (Z) neurological toxicity; (3) teratogenesis and other
reproductive and developmental effects; and (4) respiratory and iimunologlcal
effects.
Research to develop new bioassay techniques is being conducted for the
following areas of concern: (1) carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; and
(2) neurological toxicity and its behavioral manifestations. Improved methods
for identifying carcinogens adhered to air particles are being provided and
evaluated. This work 1s used to improve sampling and fractionating techniques.
Tests to measure neurochemical changes in animals and changes in the brain
function of humans who have Inhaled small amounts of potentially hazardous
compounds are being developed. These tests are designed to indicate the poten-
tial for serious impairment-of cognitive or sensory function. The results of
this research will be utilized for the Identification and screening of hazardous
air pollutants.
Once a pollutant has been Identified as toxic, more detailed research,
especially in the development of dose-response relationships, is needed before a
decision to regulate or not regulate under NESHAPs can be made. Research 1$
being conducted in the following areas:
- Microbiological assay techniques and evaluations of the effects of
exposure to hazardous air pollutants on rodent and human lung cells
are being used to study carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.
- An array of electrophysiologlcal measures, tests of sensory and cognitive
function, and neurochemical, metabolic and anatomical measures are being
used to evaluate neurological toxicity.
- Studies of the reproductive effects of hazardous air pollutants on male
animals, and studies of the developmental effects of hazardous air
pollutants on fetuses, neonates, adults and geriatric animals are being
conducted to assess teratogenicity and other developmental effects.
- Research on the metabolism of hazardous materials and the susceptibility
of animals to Infectious respiratory disease is being conducted to evalu-
ate the respiratory and immunological effects.
1983 Program Request ;
The Agency requests a total of $2,341,900 and 21.1 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $1,476,100 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
3865,800 1s for Research and Development. This reflects an Increase of $61,200
and a decrease of $426,500, respectively. This net decrease results from a
decision to reduce support for research on carcinogenicity and mutagenicity,
since the health effects data bases for these two endpoints are more extensive
A-39
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than data bases for other endpoints such as teratogenldty, reproductive effects.
and behavioral effects. ?
To Identify and screen for hazardous air pollutants, microbiological assay
techniques will continue to be developed and validated to sample and test for
the presence of mutagens 1n ambient air.
Human and rat studies of toluene will be Initiated to provide a broad-based,
Integrated framework for research on this solvent. The effects of chronic and
acute exposure to toluene on the behavior, morphology and biochemistry of rats
will be assessed. This research builds on neurological and biochemical data
acquired In earlier animal studies. The effects of acute exposure to toluene on
the behavior and physiology of humans will be assessed. Acute exposure of humans
to toluene poses no significant, Irreversible health risks. This research, which
will provide a comparison of animal and human data, and aid 1n the extrapolation
of data from animal models to human health effects, will allow researchers to
predict the effect of chronic exposure of pollutants on humans.
Animal studies of the neurobehavioral effects of alky 1 tins will be expanded
to assess visual evoked potential. The visual evoked potential, which 1s an
electrophyslological measure of nerve function and therefore an Indicator of
health effects, was developed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory at
Research Triangle Park as a model test system to pinpoint'the type and location
of neurological damage.
Research on age-related biological phenomena will be initiated. The research
will focus on the neonate, which 1s a highly susceptible organism. Hazardous
air pollutants such as nickel, cadmium and vanadium will be tested for their
developmental effects. The research will examine the applicability of these
effects to other species such as the hamster. The data gathered will contribute
to eventual application of multlspecies animal data to human effects.
Inhalation studies will be continued to test immune system defense mech-
anisms. Approximately four new compounds, chosen in conjunction with OAQPS,
will be screened.
ENVIRONMENTAL EHGINEERIM6 AND TECHjlONLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $644,900 for this program, of which
$189,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $455,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, emphasis was placed on collecting emission data and evaluating
control techologles to assist OAQPS in the review and development of National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
Emission data needed by OAQPs were developed for several industrial pro-
cesses, Including drum-mix asphalt plants, metal degreasing operations and
synthetic organic chemical plants. General design parameters were developed for
several types of control technologies for volatile organic compounds (VOC) such
as capture systems, catalytic oxidation and carbon adsorption. Carbon adsorption
controls for petroleum solvent dry cleaning operations and organic chemical
plants were assessed, as were controls for metal degreasing operations.
198ZExplanafionof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$817,200 $788,300 $772,800
A-40
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The net decrease of -$44,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$28,900) This change represented a decrease of
S28,9dO fromthe January budget, of which $6,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $22,600 was for Research and Development.
- Congressional Actions. (-$15,500) An additional reduction of -$15,500
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($6,000) and Research and Develop-
ment ($9,500) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s raaae up or a decrease of -$56,600 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$56,600 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase will allow lab
program reviews, monitoring of extramural projects, as well as the conduct
of more program evaluation studies.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $772,800 and 3.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $276,900 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $495,900 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, emphasis 1s continuing to be placed on collecting emission data
and evaluating control technologies to assist OAQPS 1n the review and development
of NESHAPs.
- An evaluation of the effectiveness of catalytic oxidation 1n controlling VOC
emissions 1s being conducted. Field tests for catalytic Incinerators will be
completed. Measurements of emissions from a ferroalloy production facility are
being taken, and a demonstration and evaluation of a technology to control emis-
sions will be conducted.
1983Program Request
The research In this program was transferred to the Oxldants Non-Energy
program 1n 1983.
JMVIROHMEHTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,044,400 for this program, of which
$309,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $735,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1981 program was designed to provide OAQPS with data on the transport
and fate of pollutants emitted from stationary sources. These data were used to
Identify and screen for hazardous air pollutants and to develop risk assessments.
Urban atmospheres In the Pittsburgh, New York City, and Chicago areas were
sampled and characterized for their trace level concentrations of more than
40 volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Data on 151 VOCs which were observed 1n the ambient air were assembled and
critically evaluated as an Initial step 1n assessing the current knowledge of
concentrations of trace organics In ambient air.
Transformation reaction studies were Initiated on formaldehyde, acrylonl-
trile, vinylldene chloride, tHchlorethylene, allyl chloride, aeetaldehyde, and
acroleln. These studies provide Input to decision-makers for the listing of
hazardous air pollutants.
A-41
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1982Explanation of Changes fromJanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,558,900, $1,556,300 $1,379,000
The net decrease of -$179,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,600) This change represented a decrease of $2,600
from the January budget, for Salaries and Expenses.
- Congressional Actions. {-$77,300) An additional reduction of -$77,300
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional -
ly mandated appropriation levels.
" Transfer Authority. (-$100,000) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$127,000 from Research and Development and an In-
crease of +$27,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase will be used to pay
for gasoline to be used 1n the laboratory's Government Vehicles for local
travel at RTP and on selected trips where vehicles are needed to transport
equipment.
1982J>rqgrani
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,379,000 and 6.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $346,500 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,032,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The 1982 program continues to provide OAQPS with data on the transport
and fate of pollutants emitted from stationary sources. This Information will
be used to identify and screen for hazardous air pollutants and to develop risk
assessments.
Reaction rate and product formation studies are being expanded to include
five additional hazardous air pollutants.
The rate of physical loss from the atmosphere of long-lived hazardous air
pollutants is being measured. The physical loss pathways for which rates are
being determined include dry deposition and wet removal.
Tropospheric photolytlc decomposition rates and products are being deter-
mined for selected hazardous air pollutants.
Characterization of hazardous air pollutants in urban and rural air 1s being
continued 1n an effort to map natural, spatial and temporal variabilities.
Transport and transformation relationships between hazardous air pollutant
emission sources and local ambient air quality are being tested via field samp-
ling and mathematical modeling.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $814,600 and 3.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $316,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $498,000 is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $29,900 and $534,500,
respectively. This decrease results from a decision to reduce emphasis on:
(1) providing atmospheric and source measurements of selected hazardous air
pollutants; (2) developing source apportionment models; and (3) assessing
the atmospheric chemistry, lifetime and deposition of selected hazardous air
A-42
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pollutants. This deserease 1s due to a reduced regulatory program need for this
work 1n 1983.
The following research will be conducted to help Identify and screen for
hazardous air pollutants and to develop risk assessments:
- Predictive structure/activity models will be used to screen high volume
pollutants for hazardous secondary products.
- Atmospheric screening studies to characterize the distribution and con-
centration ranges of trace hazardous air pollutants will be continued.
- Tropospherlc reaction rates and products wfll be determined for addi-
tional volatile organic compounds. These compounds will to be chosen In
conjunction with OAQPS. Dry deposition and wet removal processes will
be characterized for additional species with long atmospheric persistence
times.
A-43
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AIR
Mobile Sources Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Technical Information
A Liaison
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
Monitoring Systems A
Quality Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Health Effects
Salaries A Expenses
Research It Development
Envl rontnental
Processes A Effects
Sal arles A Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
$72.2
$3.4
$65.9
$3.4
$65.9
$3.4
$44.8 $50.2 $5.4
$25.0^ $25.0
$35.5 $21.0 -$14.5
$605.7 $907.0 $901.4 $706.9 $664.4 -$42.5
$44.0 $67-2.4 $659.0 $537.3 $1,039.7 x $502.4
$2,852.5 $2,172.7 $2,160.9 $1,645.6 $816.4 -$829.2
$2,475.4 $779.1 $757.1 $1,098.0 $552.0^ -$546.0
$524.0 $680.2 $677.0 $599.0 $482.6 -$116.4
$368.7 $1,028.5 $1,028.5 $928.5 $825.2" -$103.3
$4,054.4 $3,825.8 $3,805.2 $3,031.8 $2,034.6 -$997.2
-------
AIR
Mobile Sources Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN
Research S Development
Mobile Sources Non- TOTAL
Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Env1 ronmental
$2,891.5
$6,945.9
1.7
10.6
32.4
11.5
$2,483.4
$6,309.2
1.6
12.9
9.0
11.2
THOUSANDS)
$2,448.0
$6.253.2
1.6
12.9
9.0
11.2
$2,563,8
$5,595.6
.5
1.0
10.9
9.7
9.2
$2,441.9 -$121.9
$4,476,5 -$1,119.1
1.0 .5
-1.0
7.0 -3.9
7.7 -2.0
6.2 -3.0
Processes 4 Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
56.2
34.7
34.7
31.3
21.9
-9.4
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AIR
Mobile Sources Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL KORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
3» 1 Liaison
*»
*" Monitoring Systems I
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
'
.5
1.9 2.1 2.1 1.5
13.4 18.1 18.1 15.1
46.8 19.8 19.8 13.4
12.5 12,8 12.8 18.5
1.0
.1
11.0
11.4
12.2
.5
-1.4
-4.1
-2.0
-6.3
Processes 8 Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
74.6
52.8
52.8
49.0
35.7 -13.3
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AIR
Mobile Sources Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,476,500 and 21. 9 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $1, 119,100 and 9.4 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is $2,034,600 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,441,900 for Research
and Development, with decreases of $997,200 and $121,900, respectively. The
decrease is a result of a reduction in health research for diesel particle risk
assessments due to a completion of much of the work under that program.
Program Dejcrjptlon
The overall program provides the data base necessary to estimate adverse
effects on human health associated with airborne pollutants which are produced
by mobile sources (fuels, fuel additives, combustion products and atmospheric
transformation products derived therefrom). The program also provides EPA with
a scientifically defensible data base on vehicular emissions to support and
evaluate mobile source standard setting processes and abatement strategies.
Studies determine impacts of motor vehicle advanced control systems and advanced
power systems on both regulated and important non-regulated pollutant emissions.
The activities in this program also: determine human exposure to mobile
source pollutants by developing and applying monitoring equipment and metho-
dologies; determine mobile source contributions to ambient air quality by long-
term monitoring; develop methods to collect exhaust for chemical analysis and
mutagenic testing; register fuel and fuel additives In accordance with Section
211 of the Clean Air Act; provide all necessary quality assurance for mobile
source needs; and provide fuels analysis for Regional and enforcement needs.
1981 Accompl 1 shments
There were no resources requested for this program in 1981.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
E_stiiitate Estimate Estimate
$44,800
The net increase of +$44,800 results from the following action:
' Reprpgranini'ing. (-t-$44,8.00) During the development of the operating
pi an, several mi seel 1 aneous reprograimnlngs, which are not reportable
to Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase
of +$44.800,
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $44,800 and .5 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The primary focus of this program is to determine the actual risk to humans
of exposure to diesel exhaust. This information is needed by EPA's Office of
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control (OMSAPC) to carry out its mandate under the
Clean Air Act to protect the public health from motor vehicle emissions.
A-47
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Since diesel exhaust and coke oven emissions contain chemically similar
constituents, a preliminary assessment of the carcinogenic risk of diesel exhaust
is being done using epldemiologic data on coke oven workers and exposure data on
diesel exhaust. An analysis of an epidemiology study of transit workers in
London, England exposed to diesel emissions 1s also being done. Exposure and
animal testing data currently being developed by the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) Diesel Research Program will provide important additional
Information on the carcinogenic potential of diesel exhaust. In 1983 the data
will be assessed to provide revised population risk estimates.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $75,200 and 1.0 permanent workyear for this
program, of which $50,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $25,000 is for Research
and Development. This increase of $5,400 and $25,000 respectively, reflects the
need to acquire expert consultative services to support the final risk assessment
task.
Human risk assessments for diesel exhaust based on exposure and animal testing
data from the Mobile Source Research Program will be completed. These assessments
will be completed following selection of the most appropriate data for risk
assessment, extensive review of the data for completeness and accuracy, and the
application of various statistical techniques to develop estimates of risk to
human populations. .Such assessments will make maximum use of the diesel program
experimental data in evaluating the Impact of emissions from current and projected
numbers of diesel vehicles.
The guidelines currently being developed by ORD for applying a tier bfoassay
to unregulated emissions will be reviewed for conformance with Agency risk assess-
ment guidelines and will be peer reviewed by experts In each of the chronic effects
area.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AMD LIAISON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those Tech-
nical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research and
development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget sub-activ-
ity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $75,600 for this program, of which
$72,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The following technical information products were made available:
- Proceedings: International Symposium on Health Effects of Diesel Etrenis-
sions
- Project Report: Exhaust Emission Patterns from Two Light-Duty Diesel
Automobi1es
- Book Article: Bacterial Mutagenesls and the Evaluation of Mobile
Source Emissions
- Project Report: Effects of 2% Venous Carboxy-Hemoglobin on Exercise
Induced Angina Pectoris
- Research Report: Possible Approaches to the Health Effects Testing of
Fuels and Fuel Additives
A-48
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1982Explanation of Changes from JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$69,300 $69,300 $35,500
The net decrease of -533,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Congressional Actions. (-$33,800) An reduction of -$33,800 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congress!onally mandated
appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (Mo Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up ofa decrease of ~$3,4DO from Research and Development and an in-
crease of +$3,400 to Salaries and Expenses for necessary operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $35,500 and 1.0 permanent
woricyear to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The following products are planned:
- Journal Publication: Monitoring of Work Place Atmosphere for Diesel
Exhaust Components from Ongoing Emission Studies
- Project Report: A Review of EPA Cincinnati's Diesel Emissions Health
Effects Program
- Book Article: Genotoxic Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions In Labora-
tory Animals
- Book Article: Mutagenic Activity of Diesel Emissions
- Journal Publication: The Effect of Oxidant Air Pollutants on Human
Resistance to Viral Infection of the Respiratory Tract
- User's Guide for a Commuter Exposure Model
- Problem Oriented Report: Report to Congress - 0.4 Gram/Mile NOX Emission
Standard
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,000 and no permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a total de-
crease of $14,500, resulting from a decision to decrease the amount of direct
technical Information and liaison support provided.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials In support of
their Increased role in administering envirorimental programs.
HONITQRIKG SYSTEMS AMDQUALITYASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $649,700 for this program, of which
$605,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $44,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A-49
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Current mobile source emission standards for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
and nitrogen oxides have been established by Congress, considering technological
and economic feasibility. In order to determine whether these standards adequ-
ately protect human health, 1t 1s necessary to have an accurate picture of the
levels of automotive pollutants to which people are exposed. It 1s also necessary
to know the exposure-reponse relationship for the given exposure pattern. This
Issue takes on added significance In light of the projection that total mobile
source emissions are likely to Increase after 1990.
To respond to this problem, ORD began conducting a major study to determine
actual human exposures to carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide was selected
because 1t 1s emitted almost exclusively from mobile sources, and concentrations
vary greatly as a function of location. The project makes use of personal
monitors to measure the concentrations of CO to which subjects are exposed at
different times and locations. Human activity profiles were developed for
selected cities to determine where and when the overall population would be
exposed to CO.
To assess how levels of other motor vehicle pollutants vary as functions of
time and location, similar field experiments using personal monitors are planned.
The human activity profiles developed 1n the CD study should provide a tool for
estimating exposure to other airborne pollutants, including dlesel participates.
The following accomplishments were made in 1981:
- A pilot study to determine direct human exposures to carbon monox-
ide (CO) was completed In Los Angeles using personal exposure
monitors, providing the Agency's first exposure profiles of members
of the general public.
- A sol Id-state data logger-integrator for the new personal monitors
was developed to enable the average CO exposure to be computed
accurately and conveniently.
- CO exposures of occupants of motor vehicles were monitored in
detail on an urban arterial highway in California.
- A field study of the CO exposures In commercial settings and selected
microenvironments In four California cities was completed.
- Studies of the wintertime CO concentrations In four United States
cities were completed.
- Over 300 fuels and fuel additives were registered.
- Analytical support was provided to: The Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards for equipment calibration; the Office of Enforcement
on the actual use of lead, phosphorus and manganese in fuels; and
to the Office of Health Research in the provision of ambient CO samples
for effects testing.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$1,579,400 $1,560,400 $1,244,200
The net decrease of -$335,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$19,000) This change represented a decrease of
'
$1 9 ,tiQO from the J anuary budget, of which '$5,600 was for Salaries and
A-50
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Expenses and $13,400 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in a slightly reduced level of support to analyze and monitor
mobile source pollutants.
- Congressional, Actions. (-$281,200) A reduction of -$281,200 was applied
to the Sal aries and Fxpenses ($244,500) and Research and Development
($36,700) appropriations to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authpri ty . (-$35,000) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$85,000 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$50,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will support
major in-house projects of the lab; maintenance and repair of analytical
instruments and computer equipment; rentals of office equipment; building
maintenance; and to fund the purchase of gases and CO monitors.
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total $1,244,200 and 10.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $706,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $537,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In the carbon monoxide exposure assessment program, emphasis is moving from
the pilot stage to the field survey design phase, and to deploying personal
monitors in large-scale surveys. An urban-scale survey will provide needed data
on exposure profiles of the urban populations. Data from these studies are
being analyzed for application to predictive exposure models, providing exposure
estimates required by the Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control to assess
the Impact of emission standards. These estimates may provide cost savings by
showing that emission standards are too stringent.
The fuel and fuel additive program, mandated by Congress, 1s continuing.
Analytical support will be provided to: (1) the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards for laboratory equipment calibration; (2) the Mobile Source
Enforcement Division for information on fuel types; and (3) the Health Effects
Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park (RTP) for support of a seven cities
health study.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,704,100 and 7.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $664.400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,039,700 1s
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $42,500 and an increase
of $502,400, respectively. The net increase represents a shift in emphasis from
the pilot phase of the urban scale studies to the field study phase, which Is
largely extramural in nature.
The monitoring program in 1983 1s directly supporting regulatory reform
goals by assessing actual human exposures to CO. The ultimate effect of this
research may well be the relaxation of the NAAQS for CO, which will reduce
the burden on automobile manufacturers to control CO.
- The carbon monoxide exposure assessment program will continue to collect
data in urban-scale field studies for determining population exposure
frequency distributions. Emphasis will shift to analysis of the data in
combination with human activity patterns in order to estimate the Impact
of alternative emission standards on human exposures.
- Fuel and fuel additive registration, as mandated by Congress,
will continue.
A-51
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- Chemical' analytical support will continue to be provided to Agency
laboratories and Regional and program offices.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $5,327.900 for this program, of
which $2,852,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,475,400
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The primary focus of this program 1n 1981 1s the concern over the risk
to human health that 1s posed by dlesel emissions. The reasons for this are:
1) dlesel emissions are similar chemically to other fossil fuel combustion
products, some of which are known to be carcinogenic; 2) dlesel engines emit
30 to 100 times the particle matter emitted by comparably sized gasoline
engines; 3) these particles are of resplrable size; and 4) the production of
diesel vehicles Is projected to rise rapidly through the 1990's. The secondary
focus will be to supply Information needed to support the revision of the CO
standard.
Research to determine whether exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions 1s
hazardous to human health produced the following results:
- Skin tumor Initiation studies Indicated that extracts from dlesel
emissions vary as to the stimulation of a response over a range from
Inactive to that comparable to roofing tar extracts (which are known
carcinogens).
- Biologically active amounts of mutagenlc compounds were found to be
extractable from dlesel particles by biological fluids.
- Oxygenated poly nuclear aromatlcs and nltroaromatlcs were Identified as
being reponslble for much of the biological activity detected In frac-
tloned extracts from diesel particles using In vitro assays. .
- New Instrumentation 1s needed before further carbon monoxide (CO) clini-
cal studies can be conducted on cardiovascular dysfunction, was developed,
tested, and found to be acceptable.
- Mutagenlc assays of extracts of ambient particles were collected In
proximity to and Inside the Hew York Port Authority Bus Terminal and
the fraction tested for biological activity; however, the results were
Inconclusive.
1992 Explanation of Changesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,951,800 $2,918,000 $2,743,600
The net decrease of -$208,200 results from several actions, as follows:
~ January - March. (-$33,800) This change represented a decrease of
$33,800 from the January budget, of which $11,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $22,000 was for Research and Development.
" Reprogratiinlng. (+$1,110,000) This transfer of resources from the
oxldants prograi to the mobile sources program consolidates all carbon
A-52
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monoxide research activities under the mobile sources research committee.
The effect of the transfer 1s for consolidation purposes only and does
not affect any planned research. This transferring of planning responsi-
bility has already been Implemented by the research committees Involved.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,319,400) A reduction of -$367,100 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12* reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of
-$952,300 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$35,000) The net change applied to this activity
Is made up of an increase to Salaries and Expenses for essential operating
costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $2,743,600 and 9.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,645,600 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,098,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, while the diesel work continues to be a major effort, the primary
focus will be on providing the latest health effects Information needed to
evaluate the ambient air quality and motor vehicle emission standards for CO.
Air quality standards are established for carbon monoxide at a level which
protects public health, based on effects observed In human beings exposed to
high levels of CO for a short period of time. At the present time there 1s
insufficient data to determine the adverse health effects, 1f any, associated
with long term, low-level exposures to CO. The availability of such data will
be needed in performing the next update of the CO criteria document.
The mobile sources health research program, currently 1s divided Into three
research areas: carbon monoxide toxicology, dlesel particle cardnogenicity,
and bioassay development. Examples of research supportive of these areas
follows:
- The additional data necessary for an Improved estimate of risk of expo-
sure to carbon monoxide 1s being obtained through controlled laboratory
studies In human volunteers. We are evaluating the cardlopulmonary
effects in both normal subjects and those who suffer from coronary artery
disease when exposed to levels of CO which produce 2-4% carboxy hemoglobin
(COHB). Impairment of cardiac function is being evaluated through meas-
ures such as blood volume ejection fraction, heart wall motion, and
pressure changes. Reductions In the duration of exercise prior to the
onset of heart pain (angina) are also being considered. Animal studies
are being conducted to ascertain the effects of chronic CO exposure on
cardiovascular and central nervous system development In fetuses and
newborn offspring.
- The carcinogenic potency of particle bound organic; is being evaluated
utlizing Intratracheal instillations in hamsters and dermal exposure
of mice. In addition, the ir± vivo distribution, metabolism and carcino-
genic potential of nltroaromatlcs is being studied since these agents
appear to account for a significant portion of the mutagenic activity
observed in dlesel particle bound organics.
- The biological activity of fractions of unregulated organic emissions
(gaseous and particle bound components) resulting from combustion of a
variety of fuels is being evaluated using in vitro bioassays to detect
gene mutations. ONA damage, chromosomal effects, oncogenic transforma-
tions and cellular toxldty.
A-53
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,368,400 and 7.7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 5816,400 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $552,000 1s for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $829,200 and $546,000
respectively, which results from:
- Completion of the health research In supporting the dlesel particle risk
assessment program;
- The formation of the Health Effects Institute, a research arm designed
to study mobile source pollutants which is anticipated will provide
additional mobile source research; and,
- The phase-out of efforts to develop short-term bioassay protocols
for the fuel and fuel additive and unregulated emissions programs.
The objectives of the 1983 mobile sources research plan are to:
- Provide the additional data necessary for revaluation of the estimates
of risk to public health from both acute and chronic exposures to carbon
monoxide. This will be accomplished through continued experiments relat-
ing CO exposure to carboxyhemo-globln (COHb) levels in human volunteers.
COHb has been linked to heart disease in a number of clinical health
studies, but the relationships between specific levels of COHb and
Impaired cardiac functioning have not been validated. Research on this
subject should provide information needed for the next revision of the
CO criteria document and the revision of the current CO standard.
- Complete the additional data necessary to accurately determine the car-
cinogenic potency of diesel particles relative to cigarette smoke,
roofing tar fumes and coke oven emissions.
- Conclude the development of short-term bioassay protocols useful for
evaluating the carcinogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of fuel
and fuel additives and unregulated emissions from mobile sources.
PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $892,700 for this program, of which
3524,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $368,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
the research activities were as follows:
- A number of filter media were tested and evaluated for collecting dlesel
participate emissions. The purpose of this study was to identify a fil-
ter medium that could be used as an alternative to the method recommended
in the dlesel regulations for parti cul ate emissions. This gives the
manufacturers a greater degree of flexibility in the collection of data
required by EPA.
- The degree to which NOg emissions produce a mutagenlc effect in the
diesel parti cul ate samples was determined. The purpose of this study was
to minimize the formation of dlesel parti cul ate mutagens as an artifact
of the collection and analytical procedure.
- Gaseous and parti cul ate emissions were identified and quantified for
light duty diesel and gasoline powered vehicles. Exhaust samples were
also tested for biological activity based on the same test.
A-54
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- A sample of oil shale distillate was tested as a diesel fuel. The emis-
sion characterization results showed that this fuel sample produced
emissions characteristic of a good diesel fuel.
- The emission from a vehicle equipped with a three-way catalyst was deter-
mined during driving conditions. The result showed that ambient tempera-
ture had a marked effect on the carbon monoxide emission. This Indicates
that auto emissions vary depending upon conditions such as temperature,
and that these conditions must be taken into account in the setting or
revision of standards,
T.982JExfilAMtlojlJpf Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate . Estimate Estimate
$1,708.700 $1,705,500 $1,527,500
The net decrease of -$181,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$3,200) This change represented a decrease of $3,200
from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses.
- Congressional Actions. (-$78,000) An additional reduction of -$78,000
was 'applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congress! onal-
ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$100,000) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of an decrease to Research and Development for essential operating
costs in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,527,500 and 9.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $599,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $928,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
An increasing focus in 1982 is characterizing emissions from In-use vehicles.
The work on 1n-use vehicles is primarily motivated by the Agency's current mobile
regulatory reform development plan to emphasize In-use rather than premanufactur-
ing certification testing procedures. The 1n-use characterization program will
provide realistic emission data that can be used to predict air quality Impacts.
- The diesel emission characterization program 1s focusing on 1n-use heavy
duty diesel and gasoline trucks and buses. Both gaseous and paniculate
emissions are being measured under a variety of driving conditions to
obtain accurate emission factors for the heavy duty vehicle category.
Previous work suggests that research is needed to obtain realistic emis-
sions data from actual 1n-use heavy duty vehicles rather than engine
dynamometer data which is currently being used.
In order to assess the impact of new fuels, including synfuels, a con-
tinuing research program is investigating motor vehicle regulated and
unregulated emissions resulting from the use of these fuels. In parti-
cular, two fuels are being studied during this period; methanol and
M-gas (a methanol-derived fuel).
The emissions of specific volatile organic compounds (VOC's), including
aldehydes from 1n-use light duty vehicles with and without control de-
vices, are being determined. This work addresses the concern that mobile
sources may contribute more reactive VOC's, which are important precur-
A-55
-------
sors to ozone formation in the atmosphere, than the current inventories
would suggest. In addition to VOC data, carbon monoxide emissions data
are being obtained and compared to estimates predicted by current emis-
sions inventory techniques. It is anticipated that these emissions data,
which reflect the current in-use vehicle population under a variety of
realistic driving conditions, will contribute to more accurate air quality
modeling assessments, which in turn will help support the State's ability
to produce appropriate SIPs.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,307,800 and 6.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $482,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $825,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects decreases of $116,400 and $103,300 respectively,
which result from efforts to more efficiently schedule research work needed for
standards review*.
The environmental processes program in 1983 is concentrating entirely on
characterizing emissions from in-use vehicles, which will support the intention
of the regulatory office to move to A fleet-averaging approach to emissions
controls.
- The emissions characterization program on in-use heavy duty diesel and
gasoline powered vehicles will continue to focus on important gaseous and
particulate emissions. This work will contribute to an overall Agency
assessment of the potential impact associated with increased use of diesel
powered vehicles.
- The research effort to characterize the emissions of specific volatile
organic compounds and carbon monoxide from in-use vehicles will be con-
tinued. During a two year period, approximately twenty vehicles will be
investigated under a variety of driving cycles to simulate typical road-
way driving patterns. The emissions factor data will be used to improve
the mobile source emissions inventory and ultimately the modeling predic-
tion which is used to assess the air quality impact associated with
mobile source emissions.
A-56
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AIR
Gases And Partfcles Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY '
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
Technical Information
& Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Health Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental Engineering
8 Technology
Salaries £ Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental
Processes 4 Effects
Salaries £ Expenses
Research 4 Development
$263.3
$167.2
$374.9
$10.4
$3,446.6
$4,103.9
$4,813.4
$6,375.9
$172.3
$557.3
$2,107.4
$6,146.4
$216.3
$179.0
$432.4
$27.0
$4,517.8
$4,284.3
$5,900.1
$6,340.3
$242.5
$623.0
$2,922.3
$6,984.2-
$214.4
$177.7
$426.4
$22.7
$4,484.9
$3,903.2
$5,221.5
$4,340.3
$238.7
$598.9
$2,874.6
$6,829.1
$214.4
$177.7
$346.8
$17.9
$3,876.4
$3,346.1
$4,268.3
$2,986.5
$281.4
$516.5
$3,061.8
$6,447.1
$368.3
$250.0 ,
$270.3
$220.0
$3,354.4
$3,015.0,
$4,993.9
$2,990.1^
$153.9
$72.3
-$76.5
$202.1
-$522.0
-$331.1
$725.6
$3.6
-$281.4
-$516.5
$2,560.2 -$521.6
$5 ,233.1^$! ,214.0
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AIR
r
JB
Gases And Particles Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Research & Development
Gases And Particles TOTAL
Hon-Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
A Liaison
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Envl ronmental Engineer! ng
4 Technology
Environmental
Processes S Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$11,177.9
$17,361.1
$28,539.0
4.1
5.1
69.1
68.2
2.0
33.7
182.2
$14,231.4
$18,437.8
$32,669.2
4.5
6.0
70.3
70.9
3.9
39.0
194.fr
$13,460.5
$15,871.9
$29.332.4
4.5
6.0
70.3
55.9
3.9
39.0
179.6
$12,069.1
$13,491.8
$2S,560.9
4.5
5.8
65.8
54.9
3.9
40.0
174.9
$11,547.1
$11,708.2
$23,255.3
4.5
2.7
54,9
54=9
32.5
149.5
-$522.0
-$1,783.6
-$2,305.6
-3.1
-10.9
-3.9
-7.5
-25,4
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AIR
& Technology
Environmental
Processes a Effects
Gases tod Particles Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Envi ronmental Engl neer ing
7.0
6.6
74.7
77.5
4.4
7.5
9.9
77.1
82.9
6.7
7.5
9.9
77.1
67.9
6.7
7.5
8.9
77.6
66.9
6.7
7.0 -.5
4.2 -4.7
64.1 -13.5
65.5 -1.4
-6.7
40.2
49.7.
49.7
49.7
46.3 -3.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
210.4 233.8 218.8 217.3
187.1 -30.2
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AIR
Gases and Particles Non-Energy
BudgetRequest:
The Agency requests a total of $23,255,300 and 149.5 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $2,305,600 and 25.4 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included in this total Is $11,547,100 for Salaries and Expenses and $11,708,200
for Research and Development, with decreases of $522,000 and $1,783,600, respec-
tively. This decrease results from a transfer of the control technology function
to the 0x1 dants Non-Energy program, more efficient phasing of the environmental
effects work needed for the secondary standards, and a decision to limit the
number of Inhalable Particul ate Network stations to 130.
Program Description
This program provides scientific data on health effects fron exposure to
airborne sulfur dioxide, parti cul ate matter, and lead to comply with Section; 108
and 109 of the Clean A1r Act. The Clean Air Act requires that the criteria and
standards be reviewed and, 1f necessary, revised every five years; therefore,
continually updated Information regarding health effects is needed to support
maintenance or revision of the criteria and standards. In obtaining such informa-
tion, the program provides regulatory decision makers and the regulated community
with the assessment and prediction of the environmental effects of SOg, lead,
and particles. This Includes modeling needed by States for SIPs, projecting
ambient concentrations of pollutants, assessing the ecological and material damage
of these pollutants and determining the contribution of new and modified sources
to ambient gaseous and particulate pollution. Chemical and physical measurement
methods are developed and evaluated while the program also provides quality
assurance support. In addition, this program supports the design and operation of
research monitoring systems for ambient gases and particles, and the development
and testing of exposure assessment methodologies.
SCIEMTI_FIC ASSESSMENT .
1981_ Accomglishments^
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $430,500 for this program, of which
$263,300 was for Salaries and Expenses and $167,200 was for extramural research
activities under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program is directed at actually producing the updates of the criteria
documents for sulfur oxide, particulate matter, and lead, which are necessary for
the mandatory review of the standards for these pollutants. Because the review
cycle 1s staggered the work 1n the area is also phased accordingly.
All resources in 1981 were dedicated to completing the sulfur oxide/parti cu-
late matter (SOX/PM) air quality criteria document which was begun In earnest in
1980. During 1981, two milestones were achieved: the release of the second
external draft for the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) review;
and, the CASAC review of a third criteria document draft to conclude its evalua-
tion of the scientific merit of the document.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$395.300 $392,100 $392,100
A-60
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The net decrease of -$3,200 results from the following action:
~ March. (-$3,200) This change represented a decrease of $3,200
from the January budget, of which $1,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,300 was for Research and Development.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $392,100 and 4.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $214,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $177,700 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The final air criteria document for SOX/PM will be completed and submitted
to the Agency for regulatory use in early 1982. The first l«ad criteria docu-
ment, completed 1n December 1977, is due for updating and revision In accordance
with new information which has become available since 1977. Currently, litera-
ture searches are being made to identify recent data for critical evaluation
and presentation at a planned International symposium on lead. The symposium
is a traditional preliminary activity which sets the stage for the 20-24 month
process of preparing an updated air quality criteria document.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $618,300 and 4.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $368,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $250,000 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $153,900 and $72,300,
respectively, which emphasizes the need for increased resources to carry the
lead criteria document through to completion.
The Scientific Assessment program will continue Its effort to complete the
five-year update of the lead criteria document. The effort Is under full contract
development In 1982 and enters 1983 with contractual obligations to produce draft
documents for review by CASAC and appropriate external panels. Such reviews
traditionally require additional work to be performed on the documents to prepare
them for final approval. Timely resolution of the Issues raised by these review
procedures would permit final document completion in 1984. The final document
will serve as a complete, comprehensive summary of current knowledge about the
relationships of airborne lead to man and his environment. When completed in
1984, the criteria document will be used in the Agency's review of the existing
ambient air standards for lead.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AKD LIAISON
Refer to the Oxldants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of 5385,300 for this program, of which
$374,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A-61
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$459,400 $449.100 $364,700
The net decrease of -$94,700 results from several actions, as follows:
_ (-$10,300) This change represented a decrease of
$10,300 of which $6,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,300 was for
Research and Development. This decrease resulted In slightly less
technical Information support to the gases and particles research program.
~ ^programming. (-$5,700) This Agency-wide reprogrammlng provided
resou r ces f o r tra ns f er of the accountability function to the Office of
Management Systems and Evaluation and, In addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogrammlng was Included In
a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$77,600) An additional reduction of -$77,600
wa s ap pll efl to tfie Sa fa r1 es and Expenses ($73,900) and Research and Develop-
ment ($3,700) appropriations to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$1,100) The net change applied to this activity
Is made up of a decrease to Research and Development for essential operating
costs In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Prog ram
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $364,700 and 5.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $346,800 Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $17,900 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation-
Specific technical Information products planned for dissemination Include:
- Response Report: Philadelphia Participate Characterization
Study; and
- Journal Article: Development and Operation of Chronic Gaseous
Inhalation Facility.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $490,300 and 2.7 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $270,300 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $220,000 Is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $76,500 and an Increase
of $202,100, respectively. The Increase results from a decision to increase the
support to the States needed for delegation and is due mostly to increased re-
liance on extramural contractor support and automated systems. In addition,
specific technical Information plans will be prepared and support will be provid-
ed In the development and dissemination of the products to the environmental
decision making community. ;
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical Information to State and local officials in support of
their Increased role in administering environmental programs.
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $7,550,500 for this program, of which
$3,446,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,103,900 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The monitoring program is primarily directed toward making the Inhalable
Participate Network operational. This network, which is a prototypical or
pilot network, is actually run by the research monitoring program and Is designed
to collect and evaluate samples for mass, size and composition and to provide
data on which to base a new suspended particulates standard. If the particle
standard is revised to control only specific sizes such as 10-micron, or species
of particles, the regulatory burden may be reduced significantly. In addition,
the program provides support to the already existing air monitoring networks run
by the States and by the regulatory program.
~ The 138-Station Inhalable Participate Network (IP Network) completed its
first full year of operation, and a report summarizing the data was
produced. In addition, new 10-micron samplers for this network were
developed.
- Quality Assurance (QA) guidelines, audits, and technical support were
provided to the National Air Monitoring Stations (MAMS) and the State
and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS).
- Chemical analyses of trace metals and statistical trends analyses were
provided for the national network of stations.
1982 Ex pia na ti .o^J^Chjinges^frpm J anua ry Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$8,802,100 $8.388.100 $7,222,500
The net decrease of -$1,579,600 results from several actions, as follows:
'* January March. (-$414,000) This change represented a decrease of
$414,uuu of which $32,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and $381.100 was for
Research and Development. This decrease resulted in fewer quality assurance
audits performed on State and local air monitoring networks.
- Deprogramming. (+$54,300) An Agency-wide reprogramming of -$21,100 from
this program provided resources for transfer of the accountability function
to the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided
additional resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste and Emergency Response. A second reprogramming of +$300,000
functionally transfers the resources supporting air and hazardous waste
monitoring in the energy research and development program to the air gases
and particles program. This will provide better management of these programs
In conjunction with similar efforts. (These two reprogramrnings, totalling
+5278,900, were included 1n a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
Additionally, during the development of the operating plan, several mis-
cellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made
to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$224,600.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,219,900) A reduction of -$372,900 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12X reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of -$847,000
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was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
al ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Tra nsfer Authority» (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$184,200 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$184,200 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will support
major in-house projects of the lab; maintenance; and fund the purchase of
gases and CO monitors.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,222.500 and 65.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,876,400 is for Salaries and Expenses
and $3,346,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
- The IP Network is being fitted with the new 10-micron samplers at the
request of the Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
About 40 stations Mill receive the samplers in 1982 and the remainder
in 1983 and 1984.
- We are continuing to respond to requests by Regional, State and local
air pollution agencies for Quality Assurance (QA) procedures, including
performance audits of 5LAMS/NAMS stations, maintenance of a repository
of reference samples and standards, publications of new and revised QA
guidelines, and the Agency Mandatory QA Program.
- Methods for continuously monitoring selected emissions sources are being
evaluated in response to the requests of enforcement officials for test-
ing compliance with standards.
- Chemical analyses of trace metals and statistical analyses of trends are
being performed as a means of determining the effect of Agency actions
on national air quality.
- A system for receiving, analyzing, and reporting the precision and
accuracy of all air monitoring data 1s being developed.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $6,369,400 and 54.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,354,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,015,000 is
for extramural research under the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $522,000 and $331,100 respectively, which results primarily
from the decision to limit the number of IP Network stations to 130, which is
sufficient for the Agency's purposes. This decision was made in conjunction with
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The primary focus will continue
to be the Inhalable Participate Network due to the need to revise the existing
participate natter standard. Additionally, the need for improved monitoring
accuracy will be emphasized through the quality assurance and systems development
work.
- The IP Network will continue to be operated and upgraded with the new
10-micron samplers. Mass and chemical composition will be determined
for samples collected periodically from 130 sites over 7,000 filters
per year.
- Monitoring systems for pollutants in ambient air and in source emissions
will continue to be developed and Improved. Selected systems will be
subjected to single and multi-laboratory evaluation to identify and
correct sources of errors. There are demands for this work from Federal,
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Regional, State, and local officials who recognize the need for more
reliable, specific, and sensitive systems.
- The quality assurance program will continue to support the programs of
EPA's Office of A1r, Noise and Radiation; other Agency program offices;
the State and local air quality control agencies; and other laboratories
1n the Office of Research and Development. Quality control samples
will be obtained and used in audits. The system for receiving, analyzing
and reporting precision and accuracy will continue to be developed.
Technical support will be provided to State and local agencies required
to implement the quality assurance requirements for air monitoring
contained 1n 40 CFR 58. Workshops, training programs, and performance
audits will be provided.
- At the request of various State and Regional commissions, regional and
plume transport will be studied using an airborne laser system to char-
acterize aerosol distribution in the troposphere and to monitor long-range
transport of polluted air masses. Particle production, depletion, and
transport within plumes will be studied. This information is needed for
the preparation of SIPs.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $11,189,300 for this program, of which
$4,813,400 was for Salaries and Expenses and $6,375,900 was for extramural pur-
poses under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program provides the latest Information on the effects on human health
of exposures of sulfur oxides, particles and lead. This information is needed
to evaluate the adequacy of ambient air quality standards and is Incorporated
Into periodically updated criteria documents.
Major accomplishments are summarized as follows:
- A large clinical study was undertaken to examine the interactions among
gaseous pollutants, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide,
and particulates, specifically ammonium sulfate, b1-ammonium sulfate,
sulfuric acid, and ammonium nitrate. Using a sophisticated statistical
design, over 300 human exposures in different combinations were completed,
and the data collected are being analyzed in 1982. The results of this
analysis will be used to establish priorities for future research.
- The operating characteristics, mass output, and particle size of an
aerosol generator developed by EPA scientists were independently verified
by an expert contractor. This Instrument is used to deliver bronchocon-
strictor drugs of known size and concentration to test airway reactivity
following pollutant exposure. Subjects treated with such drugs simulate
the reactive characteristics of sensitive populations such as asthmatics.
- A microcomputer-based irapedence cardlography Instrument which was de-
veloped by EPA scientists was validated In healthy subjects. This is
a non-Invasive technique to measure meaningful changes 1n cardiac
function during pollutant exposure. ,
- A study on the pulmonary effects of 0.75 ppm sulfur dioxide (SOg) in
human volunteers was published. Although the current 24-hour standard
1s .14 ppm, levels of SOg In ambient air around point sources such as
smelters occur as high as the 1.0 ppm range. The study Indicated that
S02 Increased airway resistance and that subjects with positive allergen
skin tests were significantly more reactive to S02>
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- Laboratory-induced emphysema was developed in hamsters and the level of
inpalrnent was successfully related to the pulmonary functional status
of the animal, thereby making an animal model of this sensitive human
subpopulation available for use in air pollution studies.
- As part of the Agency's efforts to establish a data base for evaluating
the need for a size-related inhalable participate matter standard, the
first study utilizing coarse mode particles present in urban aerosols
MBS completed. Effects on pulmonary host defense systems Mere examined
and results are being analyzed in 1982. The findings will be used in
the development of standards for coarse and fine mode particles.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$12,240,400 $9.561,800 $7,254,800
The net decrease of -$4,985,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,678,600) This change represented a decrease of
$2,678,600 from the January budget, of which $678,600 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $2,000,000 was for Research and Development. The decrease
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation was a result of a shift In
resources to Hazardous Pollutants Non-Energy Health Effects.
" Reprograpiing. (-$46,200) During the development of the operating plan,
severaTS'seel 1 aneous reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$46,200.
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,260,800) A reduction of -$1,278,800 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of
-$982,000 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($907,000) and Research
and Development ($75,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,254,800 and 54.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,268,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,986,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
These resources support the following work:
Particle size effects. The Agency is considering regulating airborne
particles according to size because both the effect and the biological site of
the effect differs with respect to size. Different health effects due to particle
size are being studied in animals under controlled laboratory conditions.
Normal animals and animals impaired to produce emphysema-like lesions are being
examined for acute, intermittent, and chronic effects on susceptibility to
infectious disease, a number of pulmonary function parameters and other bio-
chemical measures. ,
Combined.J>xposuj^sto_jaj8e5jnd particles. Because environmental exposures
to §ases"ranlfTjSrtricTes~tend^to occur as mixtures of pollutants, acute and chronic
effects of combined exposures to various gases and particles are being studied
in humans and animals in the laboratory. In humans, effects of simultaneous
exposures to gases and aerosols are being evaluated. In animal toxicology,
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several species of laboratory animals are being exposed to inhalants both individ-
ually and in combinations. Normal animals and animals with compromised respira-
tory systems are being studied with a pulmonary function test battery for evi-
dence of lung disease.
Susceptible population groups. In order to Implement the Clean Air Act,
potentially susceptiblepopulation groups, such as persons with respiratory
disease, are being evaluated in terms of their sensitivities to single and mixed
exposures to gases and particles. At-risk subject groups Include persons with
chronic obstructive lung disease, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and individuals
with genetic enzyme deficiencies.
Extrapolation and modeling. This research focuses on developing models for
extrapolating health effects from animal and mechanical models to humans.
Because of different particle sizes and characteristics of respiratory activity
in different species, regional deposition of gases and particles in the nose,
trachea and lungs, varies across species. The Importance of the differences Is
being studied so that dose levels can be related to human effects.
New indicators of biological response. New biological response indicators
of the rteaitfi effects of gases and particles are being developed, and their
clinical significance Is being determined for biochemical, pathological, hemato-
logical, and Immunological responses in animals and humans. This work Is aimed
at developing more accurate and efficient measures and predictors of health
effects.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,984,000 and 54.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,993,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $2,990,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects an Increase of $725,600 and $3,600, respectively.
This Increase will facilitate an earlier completion of Important health effects
projects and an expansion of work in a number of areas which are needed for the
review of standards.
The overall objective of the health research program continues to be to
provide techniques, data and information that can be used to Improve the estimate
of risk to humans resulting from the inhalation of gases and particles. The
effort will be composed of laboratory studies of both humans and animals. In
the human studies, the response of healthy subpopulations and at risk populations
will be compared for exposures to pollutants for threshold levels at which clini-
cally significant health effects appear. Health effects will be quantified by
changes in pulmonary and cardiovascular function and In biochemical and Immuno-
logical measurements made on blood and tissue. The utility of subclinical indi-
cators of biological response as indicators of clinically significant response
continue to be evaluated. Animal studies will investigate normal and impaired
animals using pulmonary, pathological, hemotologlcal, Immunological and bio-
chemical indicators of response* Regional deposition of particles In the lung
will also be studied to assist In the development of dosimetric extrapolation
models. The data-are required to allow judgement regarding the review and revi-
sion of the present regulations for total suspended particles, lead and sulfur
oxides.
Combined exposures to gases and particles. Human clinical research on gases
and particles at EPA's uniquely equipped facility at Chapel Hill will be accele-
rated with regard to the effects of exposure to real-world combinations of gases
and particles such as sulfate and nitrate aerosols, ozone, sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide.
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Susceptible population groups. The effects of the exposures to the pollu-
tants described above will be studied on specially sensitive population groups
such as asthmatics since these groups may be more at risk or susceptible to the
effects of these pollutants than normal healthy Individuals.
Particle size effects. Acute and chronic effects of fine and coarse mode
particles on animals under controlled laboratory conditions will be evaluated.
Extrapolation and modeling. Animal toxicologies! research will be expanded
1ntramural ly in such areas as metabolic modeling to Improve the extrapolation
of mult1 species animal data to human effects. The metabolism studies are neces-
sary for extrapolating from animals to human health effects. Resources Mill
also be expanded intramurally to determine the effects on animals of combined
exposures to gases and particles as a complement to the human work.
Mew indicators of biological response. Development of new indicators of
biological response win be accelerated in order to hasten the development of
more efficient and accurate predictors and indicators of toxidty.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $729,600 for this program, of which
$172,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $557,300 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The program focused on air pollution problems associated with the metallurgi-
cal industry. Field tests to gather inhalable particulates emissions data were
completed at 8 major metallurgical sites and about 50 field tests were completed
to gather data on fugitive emissions from open sources (controlled or uncontrolled)
at metallurgical operations. The control of fugitive particles from 7 different
metallurgical sources by the use of charged fog was evaluated. Also, engineering
and technical assistance was provided to regional offices to aid in the Implemen-
tation of the non-ferrous smelter order program.
1982...Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estireite
$865,500 $837,600 $797,900
The net decrease of -$67,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- January March. (-$27,900) This change represented a decrease of
$27,900 from the January budget, of which $3,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $24,100 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the deferral of a demonstration of particulate controls at
a ferroalloy plant.
~ Cqngresslona 1 Actions. {-$39,700) An additional reduction of -$39,700
was applied to the"""SITaries and Expenses ($16,100) and Research and Develop-
ment ($23,600) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$58,800 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$58,800 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will allow lab
program reviews, monitoring of extramural projects, as well as the conduct
of more program evaluation studies.
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1982 Program.
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $797,900 and 3.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $281,400 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $516,500 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
This research program 1s being executed 1n concert with the Oxidant and
Hazardous Air Pollutant Industrial control systems evaluation and emissions
characterization. More specifically, systems to capture Industrial emissions of
gases and particles are being evaluated, and Inhalable particles from metal
coating, metallurgical processes, and fugitive emissions 1n general, are being
characterized. Support to regional offices to aid in Implementing the non-ferrous
smelter order program Is being continued.
19B3 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program in 1933. This program has been
transferred to the Oxidants Non-Energy area and resources are included for air
control technology research there.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $8,253,800 for this program, of which
$2,107,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 56,146,400 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program focuses on two areas of concern, 1) the development, validation
and improvement of air quality models needed by States and OAQPS to develop and
enforce cost-effective control strategies, and 2) the development of scientific
Information as to the effects of particles, sulfur oxides and lead on crops,
sensitive ecosystems and materials needed for the periodic updates of the criteria
documents.
Modeling- In the modeling program efforts focused on the validation of
several types of models including source apportionment, urban, and regional
models.
- The source apportionment model 1ng effort initiated In 1980 produced reports
on the characterization of the chemical element balance of Denver aerosol
In order to identify the sources of the Denver brown haze, and the charac-
terization of aerosols in the Great Smoky Mountains which examined the
relative contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources of visibility
reducing hazes.
- A two year plan was Initiated to produce an interim, short-term, urban-
scale Inhalable participate (and/or fine parti cul ate) model and to
produce an Interim Inhalable particul ate mesoscale model to treat short-
term concentrations related to transport and transformation from one or
more large point sources. The plan was developed in response to the
Agency's need for regulatory tools and State Implementation Plan
guidance as a result of a revision, of the particulate National Ambient
Air Quality Standard to require size and chemically speciated standards.
A progress report was published on the study of persistent elevated
pollution episodes In the northeastern United States. A peer reviewed
journal article was published describing the observed relationship be-
tween ozone and sulfate 1n the Northeast under summertime conditions.
These studies provide the first available data base for the evaluation
of regional scale particulate models which are currently under develop-
ment.
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- The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution (UMAMAP) system
was expanded to 21 air quality simulation models In 1981.
Ecol ogi cal 1 mpacts . In 1981, the efforts 1n this area concentrated on
the effect of pol 1 u tants on crops and materials.
Studies were Initiated to examine materials damage cost/benefit relation-
ships as a result of various pollutants. Damages under consideration
Included weathering, corrosion and erosion, and soiling. The current
program 1s Improving the data base on dose response relationships and
documentation of the human response 1n taking nrftlgatlve measures by
conti mil ng measurements on exposed construction materials and by stati-
stically analyzing maintenance costs.
- The results of research Involving a native plant species, which has
developed and evolved In the vicinity of a coal -fired power plant, has
Indicated that such vegetation 1s more tolerant of SOj Induced Injury
than similar species collected at locations free of SOj pollution. In
addition to the known 502 effects on growth and yield, It appears that
S02 can Influence the gene pools of native vegetation causing potential
changes 1n their adaptability to stress. These studies are providing
an exposure/dose data base for the assessment of yield reductions to
agricultural crops as a result of exposure to S02.
- The Interactive effects of SO? and N02 are being evaluated 1n greenhouse
and field oriented studies to provide documentation of the consequences
of these pollutants on the growth and yield of crops and tree species.
In greenhouse studies, 15 species of crops and trees of economic Impor-
tance have been evaluated with respect to S02/H02 effects. Field plot
experiments have been set-up to conduct additional growth/yield studies
under field conditions. Since the data base relevant to the effects of
N02/S02 interactions Is limited, this research will provide guidance for
economic assessments of the Impacts of NOg/SC^ mixtures on crop and
forest species.
1 982 Expl anatlon of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,906,500 $9,703,700 $9,528,900
The net decrease of -$377,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$202,800) This change represented a decrease of
$20^,800 fronf the January budget, of which $47,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $155,100 was for Research and Development.
" Reprfflranmlng. ( +$153 ,800) During the development of the operating plan,
sewraTrafsceTYaneoiis reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$153,800.
- Congressional Actions. (-$328,600) A reduction of -$180,000 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. An additional reduction of -$148,600
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional -
ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1 s made up of a decrease of -$202 ,000 from Research and Oevel opment and an
Increase of +$202,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase Is necessary
for the basic maintenance and service agreement for the lab's minicomputer
system; for maintenance, parts and repairs of lab-owned computer terminals,
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word processors, microfiche readers, extramural activities; for laboratory
supplies, materials and special exposure equipment.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,528,900 and 40.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,081,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,447,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Modeling. The 1982 program continues to focus on source apportionment, and
urban and regional scale models, as well as the User's Network for Applied Modeling
of Air Pollution (yNAMAP).
- Development of source apportionment or receptor models to estimate the
impact of sources at receptor sites continues, so that expensive emission
inventories are not required for developing cost effective State Implemen-
tation Plans. A workshop is scheduled to provide guidance for regulatory
requirements on the source apportionment of ambient aerosols. A final
report will provide recommendations for the use of source apportionment
methods.
- The first phase of a two-year plan to produce interim models for size
and chemically speciated particles in urban areas with mesoscale con-
tributions, to be used for guidance standards and for subsequent SIP
revisions, is being completed.
- An interim project report on the characterization of prolonged elevated
pollutant epidsodes and the meterological conditions conducive to their
formation is being prepared. The work is important for the continua-
tion of the development of a size and chemically speciated regional
scale particulate model. These models are required to assist in the
evaluation of Impacts of large point and area sources distributed over
regional scales on air quality measures such as aerosal concentrations,
visibility and acid deposition. The effectiveness of alternative
control scenarios to meet acceptable ambient levels depends upon adequate
regional and long range particulate models to predict ground-level concen-
tration of particles for distances up to 1000km.
- A new version of UNAMAP 1s being distributed to users with supporting
documentation and user's guides. Important users of models on UNAMAP
include State and local environmental agencies and EPA Regional and
regulatory offices. The extension, refinement and standardization of
the UNAMAP system is continued to ensure that adequate models are avail-
able for exposure and impact assessment, for special research studies
and for comformance to regulations.
Ecological Impacts. Efforts 1n this program will continue to focus on the
effectsof pollutants on Important agricultural crops, in addition efforts are
being initiated to integrate air quality models with crop yield statements.
- Several reports needed for secondary standards are being produced
discussing cost/benefit studies of materials damage, Including effects
on the erosion of housepaint, the soiling of materials by parti cul ate
matter, and the effects on corrosion of steel.
- Efforts are being Initiated to integrate air quality and environmental
data and atmospheric dispersion models with crop yield/air pollution
Impact statements. Specific support includes: (1) a review of exposure
simulations and meteorological data collection to Insure that simulations
are representative of current and projected air pollution levels;
(2) a summary and status report of best approach(es) to integrated ground
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level concentrations of SOj and ozone with dose/response functions from
from the National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) field studies;
and (3) an evaluation of the application of air quality data and models
for predicting ground level concentrations of air pollutants and environ-
mental factors in rural areas.
- Field reseach is continuing for the evaluation of the interactive
effects of 502 and NO3 on cr°P growth and yield. Both seasonal and
diurnal responses are being examined. Vegetation growing in different
climatic regions of the United States responds differently to SOg-
Research is focusing on providing scientific data which address the
differing responses of crops and native vegetation to varying climatic
conditions. The 1982 program evaluates soil moisture responses, since
moisture conditions are one of the most important environmental factors
which control the sensitivity of vegetation to SOg. Technical reports
are being prepared for inclusion in the air quality criteria documents.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,793,300 and 32.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,560,200 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $5,233,100 is
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $521,600 and $1,214,000, respectively, which results from
an effort to more efficiently phase the research needed for the 5 year cycle
for standards review. Therefore, there 1s a reduction 1n some efforts in source
apportionment modeling and crop loss assessments. Additionally, since adequate
data exist for many crops the field studies are being phased-down.
The primary focus 1n 1983 will be the effort put into refining and ex-
panding the air quality models needed by the Industrial community and State
and local decision-makers to make Intelligent decisions about industrial ex-
pansion and environmental control strategies. In addition, research on eco-
logical effects needed for the criteria document updates will continue.
Modelling. The 1983 program will stress improving the models available
for use by states In the SIP process. This will be done by adding new models
to the UNAMAP system as well as improving the existing urban, regional and
source apportionment models.
- A planned three-year effort to Improve 'the interim urban scale and
mesoscale models for fine and Inhalable particles begun during 1982
will continue in 1983. The models will be upgraded with additional
chemical conversion modules, a visibility module and the best available
values for transformation rates, dry deposition rates and dispersion
parameters.
- An interim model which treats primary and secondary sulfate over a
Regional scale will be completed. The model will be evaluated against
data from an earlier field study,
- Several new models will be added to the UNAMAP system, Including the
Interim urban and nesoscale participate models, and. If available, any
source apportionment models. Continued upgrading of models already
contained in UNAMAP is planned,, Including model evaluation and model
accuracy/uncertainty assessments.* Improved dispersion parameters and
methods will be developed and recommended for use in UNAMAP models.
- Reports reviewing the application of air quality models in the decision
making process will be produced. Selected UNAMAP models will be eval-
uated against available high quality data bases to examine model sen-
sitivity to input data and output predictions.
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- Data from field studies in Denver will be used to evaluate source
apportionment methods. Reports describing analysis techniques, including
the precision, range of uncertainty of the measurements, and their
application to the chemical element balance apportionment methods will
be produced.
Ecological impacts. The focus in 1983 will be on integrating the air
quality models with the crop yield data. In addition studies of the effect of
pollutants on crops will continue.
- The Integrated damage model will be exercised with new data and with
improved damage functions for the various types of exposed materials.
This work will provide a basis for a national assessment of materials
damage and its associated costs.
- Scientific and economic studies will be conducted to validate and develop
dose/response functions for the assessment of the impacts of SOg alone
and in mixture with 03 on major agronomic crops. In addition, field
studies of crops at one site will be conducted for these pollutants.
- Air quality models will be adapted to generate an exposure/dose data
base for both SO? and 03 assessments and will be integrated with crop
yield and air pollution impact models. The modeling approach for air
quality is needed, since monitoring data for air pollution levels in
agricultural regions is almost non-existent and cannot be used to
address regional and national Impacts.
- An Integrated economic assessment model will be developed to provide
cost/pricing information relative, to crop yield impacts and air quality.
This Initial assessment model will provide guidance in the developemnt of
air pollution control strategies in agricultural areas of the United
States.
A-73
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
AIR
Air Quality S Stationary Source Planning A Standards
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
T-
>j
Emissions Standards 4
Technology Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Pollutant Strategies
> A1r Standards
Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control It
Compliance
State Program Guidelines
& Regulations
Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$3,944.4 $4,429.5 $3,949.5 $3*858.3 $3,550.4 -$307.9
$14,486.4 $16,437.4 $12,581.7 $8,880.8 $9,693.2 $812.4
$1,987.5 $2,044.7 $2,044.7 $2,014.2 $1,991.6 -$22.6
$1,492.0 $1,527.0 $1,512.4 $917.9 $1,128.4 $210.5
$3,580.4 $3,823.2 $3.823.2 $3,651.1 $2,465.8 -$1,185.3
$1,221.4 $1,304.6 $1,267.9 $935.2 $960.0 $24.8
$9,512.3 $10,297.4 $9,817.4 $9,523.6 $8,007.8 -$1,515.8
$17,199.8 $19,269.0 $15,362.0 $10,733.9 $11,781.6 $1,047.7
A1r Quality 4
Stationary Source
TOTAL $26,712.1 $29,566.4 $25,179.4 $20,257.5 $19,789.4 -$468.1
-------
AIR
Air Quality 1 Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Emissions Standards 4
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies
1 Air Standards
Development
State Program
Guidelines 4 Regulations
Bevel opmen t
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
102.7 113.5 99.1 94,1 87.8 -6.3
46.5 43.6 43.6 43.6 39.8 -3.8
92.0 93,4 93.4 93.4 64.3 -29.1
241.2 250.5 236.1 231,1 191.9 -39.2
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Emissions Standards 4
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies
I Air Standards
Development
State Program
Guidelines S Regulations
Development
TOTAL HORKYEARS
110.1 122.3 106.3 101.3 93.6 -7.7
52.9 49.7 49.7 49.7 44,4 -5.3
100.2 101.4 101.4 101.4 68.3 -33.1
263.2 273.4 257.4 252.4 206.3 -46.1
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AIR
A1r Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,789,400 and 191.9 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $468,100 and 39.2 permanent workyears from 1982. In-
cluded in this total is $8,007,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $11,781,600
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This decrease primarily reflects reduced
emphasis on case-by-case SIP reviews and the diminished Federal role in trans-
portation/land-use planning with respect to State SIP development activities.
Pro gram De s c ri pt1on
This subactivity includes the setting of emission standards for stationary
sources, which Involves pollution control technology and cost assessments and
other Industry analyses which support the standard setting function. Also
included are the review and revision, if necessary, of ambient air quality
standards; pollutant assessments; the development of pollutant control analy-
tical tools and guidelines; the translation of control strategies Into regula-
tory actions; and the assessment of the energy implications of regulatory ac-
tions.
Emissions Standards and Technology Assessments -- National emission Stan-
dards for stationary sources are set under Section ill and 112 of the Clean Air
Act. Section 111 mandates the Environmental Protection Agency to establish New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Section 112 authorizes National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
New Source Performance Standards reflect the performance of the best dem-
onstrated systems of emission reduction, considering cost and energy Impact
for specific processes or facilities 1n a source category. The analysis support-
Ing the NSPS considers technical feasibility; cost; and economic, energy and
environmental Impacts. The background Information published as part of the NSPS
setting process provides useful data to State agencies in defining best available
control technology, lowest achievable emission rates, and reasonably available
control technology, when such determinations must be made under other sections
of the Clean A1r Act.
Pollutant Strategies and Air Standards Deyelopment The major activities
of this program element are: 11 j Review and revision"as^appropriate of all exist-
ing National Ambient A1r Quality Standards as mandated by the Clean Air Act, (2)
Identification and assessments of the potential hazardous air pollutants, In-
cluding the determination as to the appropriateness of their listing under Sec-
tion 112 of the Clean Air Act, and (3) Analytic support to Agency regulatory
efforts to set emission standards for pollutants regulated under Sections 111(d)
and 112.
State Programs Guidel1nes and Regulations Deyelopment -- The objectives of
this program element are the development of guidelines and regulations that set
forth requirements for air pollution control programs implemented by the States
under the Clean Air Act (principally State Implementation Plans); development of
technical guidance for modeling; emission Inventory development and air quality
standard attainment demonstrations; and maintaining an overview of the develop-
ment and Implementation of air pollution control programs to assure national
consistency at the regional, State, and local levels. The State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) provide for the attainment and maintenance of National Ambient
Air Quality Standards, and establish programs for prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) of air quality 1n clean areas, and for the protection of
visibility 1n national parks and wilderness areas.
A-76
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EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 518,430,800 for this program of which $3,944,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $14,486,400 for Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance, These contract resources were used to continue work related to setting NSPS
and NESHAPS. Work continued on setting performance standards for all listed source
categories. Eleven NSPS were proposed, three were promulgated, and two reviews of
existing standards were completed. Control technique guidelines (CTG) for seven
volatile organic compounds (VOC) sources were drafted. After public comment,
final CTG's will be issued. Reviews of NSPS for primary copper smelters and
primary lead and zinc smelters were completed. NESHAPS were proposed for three
benzene sources. Work was in process on 14 NESHAPS categories.
1982 Explanation ofChanges^ from^Jajiuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$20,866,900 $16,531,200 $12,739,100
The net decrease of -58,127,800 results fron several actions, as follows:
- January ~ March. {-$4,335,700) This change represented a decrease of
$4,335:,70Q from"the January budget, of which $480,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $3,855,700 was for Abatement, Control arid Compliance.
- Congressional Actions. (-$3,792,100) A reduction of -$2,818,300 was
taken against the March request reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation* An additional reduc-
tion of -$973,800 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($91,200) and
Abatement, Control and Compliance ($882,600) appropriations to meet Con-
gressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,739,100 and 94.1 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,858,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$8,880,800 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These contract resources are being used for engineering studies
and other analyses needed to set NSPS, NESHAPS, and to provide information to the
Agency and States on reasonable control technology for development and review of
State implementation plans (SIPs). Efforts are continuing to complete the Clean
Air Act mandated NSPS; sixteen proposals and 14 promulgations are planned for
1982 representing a substantial increase over 1981. Reviews of existing NSPS
standards for grain elevators, Glaus sulfur plants, and Kraft pulp mills are being
completed. The analysis of benefits and impacts of selected NSPS is continuing.
Four NESHAPS for benzene sources are scheduled for promulgation.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,243,600 and 87.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,550,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 39,693,200 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
is a decrease of $307,900 in Salaries and Expenses but an increase of $812,400,
in the contract area. This reflects increased development of hazardous pollutants
standards and acceleration of the schedule to develop new source performance stan-
dards in 1983. Efforts will continue on the Clean Air Act mandated NSPS projects.
Eleven proposals and 15 promulgations are planned. Reviews of existing NSPS for
primary aluminum smelters and utility steam generators will be completed. Two
A-77
-------
NESHAPS covering coke oven emissions are expected to be promulgated and one pro-
posal (pending a listing decision) is planned. Screening will be conducted to
determine principal sources of pollutants which are under consideration for list-
ing. Reviews of mercury and beryllium are expected to be completed.
POLLUTANTSTRATEGIES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,479,500 for this program of which $1,987,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,492,000 was for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance. Contract support for evaluation of national ambient air quality stan-
dards (NAAQS); analysis of the environmental, economic and regulatory impacts of
the possible standards revisions; and the development of an improved risk assess-
ment methodology. Rescission of the hydrocarbon standard was proposed. Work was
underway to revise the carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and par-
ticulate matter (PM) standards. Pollutant assessment activities resulted in rec-
ommendations not to list either cadmium or toluene as hazardous pollutants. Ex-
posure assessments and ranking of public health risk for 43 chemicals were circu-
lated and are being revised following public comments.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,571,700 $3,557,100 $2,932,100
The net decrease of -$639,600 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. {-514,600) This change represents a decrease of
$14,600 from the January budget from Abatement, Control and Compliance.
ReprpgraiiinJTig. (-$8,100) During the development of the operating plan,
severat misceTTaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -58,100.
- Congressional Actions. {-$616,900) A reduction of -5479,600 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12S reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional reduction
of -$137,300 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($30,500) and Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance ($106,800) appropriations to meet Congressio-
nal ly mandated appropriation levels.
19B2 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,932,100 and 43.6 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $2,014,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5917,900 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The rescission of the hydrocarbon standard and
revision of the carbon monoxide standard are being promulgated. Revision to the
participate matter NAAQS is being proposed. In addition, reviews of the NAAQS
for NOg and SOg are nearing completion for proposal early in 1983. Develop-
ment of alternative approaches to NAAQS risk assessment to determine their
feasibility for integrating risk assessment into the decision-making framework
for revising the standards is continuing. Listing decisions are being made for
eight pollutants, with detailed health and source assessments being continued
on eight other pollutants.
A-7S
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,120,000 and 39.8 workyears for this pro-
gram, of which $1,991,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
SI ,128,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is
a decrease of $22,600 and an increase of $210,500, respectively, and reflects
increased extramural funding for pollutant assessment work in 1983. Revisions
of the nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide standards will be proposed and a
revised participate matter standard will be promulgated. Application and evalu-
ation of a risk assessment methodology will be initiated in considering possible
revisions of the lead and ozone standards. Hazardous pollutants listing decisions
will be made for eight chemicals assessed in 1982.
STATEPROGRAM GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated S4,801,800 for this program of which $3,580,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,221,400 was for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance. This included contract support of technical guidance for nonattainment
SIP submittals, with particular emphasis on data base development for 1982 Os/CO
submittals, and for new source review/prevention of significant deterioration
analysis (NSR/PSD). In an effort to reduce inventory and streamline SIP process-
ing time, three experimental processing techniques were pilot tested, then ex-
panded for full use in all of the regions. Elimination of SIP backlog is expected
during 1982. Technical and policy review of proposed approval/disapproval actions
on SIPs submitted in response to the Clean Air Act requirements remained a major
effort. NSR/PSD efforts focused on encouraging additional States to take over
the permitting program. The Best Available Control Technology/Lowest Achievable
Emission Rate (BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse was maintained and improved through em-
phasis on quality assurance of data. Visibility and regional consistency regu-
lations were promulgated and a decision was made to repropose the stack height
regulations. Work to improve the consistency of models proceeded.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,127,800 $5,091,100 54,586,300
The net decrease of -$541,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- January ^Jareh. (-$36,700) This request represents a decrease of
S36,/Ob from the January budget from Abatement, Control and Compliance.
No significant programmatic effect is expected.
- Reprogramming. (+$151,900) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammlngs, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net Increase of
+$151,900.
- Congressional Actions. (-$656,700) A reduction of -$337,400 was taken
agaTnst We March request reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional reduction
of -5319,300 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses (585,900) and Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance ($233,400) appropriations to meet Congressio-
nal^ mandated appropriation levels.
A-79
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,586,300 and 93.4 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,651,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$935,200 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Contracts will continue to support SIP development and modeling.
The emphasis in 1982 continues to be national management and evaluation of all
major SIP programs which were Initiated in previous years. Policy guidance and
technical assistance in relation to 0/03 SIP submittals, due in 1982, for areas
given attainment date extensions to 1987, is continuing. Regulations implementing
the revised NAAQS for particulate material (PM) are being proposed. Regulations
updating the reporting requirements for continuous emissions monitoring are under-
way and stack height regulations are being promulgated. The provision of model-
ing guidance on power plant and other major sources emissions, and assistance to
States implementing regulations dealing with visibility and new source review/
prevention of significant deterioration, are continuing, as is the BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse. Assistance to States implementing regulatory reform measures is
also being provided and revised modeling guideline is being Issued. The Agency
anticipates substantial success in eliminating SIP backlogs during 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3*425,800 and 64.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,465,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 3960,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $1,185,300 and an increase of $24,800, respectively; and
reflects reduced oversight and emphasis on case-by-case SIP reviews and the dimin-
ished Federal role in transportation/land-use planning, with respect to State SIP
development activities. National management and oversight of major SIP programs
will continue to be performed, with policy and technical guidance focused on high
priority issues such as application of regulatory reform measures and policy guid-
ance for implementing revised ambient standards. Increased attention will be
given to improving technical guidance, developing program oversight procedures,
improving interstate equity, and developing alternative approaches to regulations
as a way of attaining air quality objectives. The multi-year program for evalua-
tion and validation of. air quality models and development of emission factors
for SIP revisions will be continued. Regulations and guidelines implementing
revised ambient standards for particulate matter will be promulgated.
A-80
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control a Fuel Economy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
r
00
Emissions Standards
Technical Assessment
& Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Testing, Technical 4
Administrative Support
Salaries & Expenses
- Abatement Control &
Compliance
Emissions 1 Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$4,304.6
$4,230.9
$4,215.2
$34.5
$1,789.8
$102.2
$4,028.1 $4,121.3 $3,348.6 -$772.7
$2,774.6 $1,303.4 $2,080.0 $776.6
$4,859.1 $4,485.2 $4,201.9 -$283.3
$237.1 $168.9 $958.3 $789.4
$1,951.9 $1,412.8 $1,430.2 $17.4
$347.2 $76.0 -$76.0
$4,405.6
$2,004.0
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control ft Fuel Economy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
a>
OJ
Mobile Sources
Monitoring In-Use
Emissions Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control i
Compliance
Emissions Testing,
Analysis S Data
Support
Salaries S Expenses
$272.5
$1,443.9
$3,793.9
TOTAL!
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control S
Fuel Economy
TOTAL
$10,309.6 $8,472.0 $10,839.1 $10,019.3 $8,980.7 -$1,038.6
$4,367.6 $3,447.9 $3,358.9 $1,548.3 $3,038.3 $1,490.0
$14,677.2 $11,919,9 $14,198.0 $11,567.6 $12,019.0 $451.4
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Emissions Standards
Technical Assessment
S Characterization
98.1
93.1
89.4
61.9
-27.5
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Testing, Technical 4 63.3 51.3 49.0 50.2 1.2
Administrative
Support
Emissions 4 Fuel 47.1 34.0 34.0 28.3 -5.7
Economy Compliance
Mobile Source Air 113.4
Pollution Control *
Fuel Economy
Mobile Sources 6.7
Monitoring In-Use
Em1s s1ons Asse ssraen t
Emissions Testing, 32.2
Analysis S Data
Support
TOTAL PERMANENT WQRKYEARS 208.5 152.3 178.4 172.4 140.4 -32.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emissions Standards 129.3 112.4 111.6 75.0 -36.6
Technical Assessment
S Characterization
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control 8 Fuel Economy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
3»
to
Testing, Technical A
Administrative
Support
Emissions S Fuel
Economy Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control 4
Fuel Econoniy
Mobile Sources
Monitoring In-Use
Emissions Assessment
Emissions Testing,
Analysis S Data
Support
89.0
54.4
78.7 75.7 73.9 -1,8
44.5 40.3 36,6 -3,7
132.0
8.1
49.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
272.7 189.7 235.6 227.6 185.5 -42.1
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,019,000 and 140,4 permanent workyears
for 1983, an increase of 5451,400 and a decrease of 32.0 permanent workyears
from 1982. Included in this total is $8,980,700 for Salaries and Expenses and
53,038,300 for Abatement Control and Compliance, with a decrease of $1,038,600
and an increase of $1,490,000 respectively. This decrease primarily reflects
completion of most federally mandated standards, reduced inspection/maintenance
(I/M) support activities, streamlined certification procedures, and a shift in
emphasis to in-use vehicle compliance. The increase in extramural funds pri-
marily reflects increased efforts to develop and assess an in-use compliance
program and to improve the fuel economy program.
Program Description
This subactivity carries out programs for the control of mobile source emis-
sions as required by the Clean Air Act, and generates information and analyses
related to motor vehicle fuel economy under the terms of the Motor Vehicle Infor-
mation and Cost Savings Act.
Emission Standards,Technical Assessment and Characterization This program
includes: l) the establistiment^iF emission standards for mobile sources, and asso-
ciated technical analyses and emissions characterization; 2) the development of
technical procedures and guidelines applicable to the control of emissions from
in-use vehicles; 3) the measurement and assessment of in-use motor vehicle emis-
sion levels; and 4) technical analyses related to the development of information
on motor vehicle fuel economy.
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support This program provides
in-house laboratory, data processing, and other support for mobile source air
pollution control and fuel economy activities as well as test procedure develop-
ment and refinement.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance -- This program provides for the en-
gineering review of data to determine the compliance of new motor vehicles with
emission standards and other pre-production control requirements, followup re-
view of the validity of manufacturers' data, and associated technical activities.
Similar procedures for fuel economy determinations are also Included.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTEIRIZATION
1981 Ace omp1 is hments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $8,535,500 for this program, of which
54,304,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,230,900 was for Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance. Contract supported standard setting, emissions characteri-
zation, technology assessments, and I/M program establishment. The regulatory
schedule was revised to accommodate auto industry regulatory relief actions,
including heavy duty standards revisions. The Agency proposed the heavy duty
diesel participates standard and promulgated interim high altitude standards.
EPA provided support to States implementing 1/M programs and conducted test-
ing 1n the Portland, Oregon area to provide comparative data on emissions in both
I/M and non-I/M cities.
Development of emission factors, related assessments of in-use vehicle
emission factors, and analyses of the air quality impacts of mobile sources
continued. Characterization of emissions from vehicles fueled with methane! and
diesel fuel were performed. Evaluation of the Rlcardo methanol engine was also
initiated.
A-85
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The Agency provided fuel economy device evaluations. The Section 404(a)
fuel economy report was completed and work was in progress on the Section 203(a)
report (on the relationship between emission standards and fuel economy) to Con-
gress.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$6,802,700 $5,424,700
The net increase of +$5,424,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Restructuring. (+$6,802,700) This restructuring combines the resources
and activities in Mobile Source Standards and Guidelines and Mobile Source
Monitoring into a single program function. These combined functions will
improve the management and accountability of these related activities.
These new program functions will group the establishment of emission stan-
dards with the development of technical procedures and guidelines for the
control of emissions from new in-use vehicles.
- Reprogramming. (+$861,600) The changes in funds within mobile source air
pollution control are the result of shifting staffing patterns due to attri-
tion and the need to focus staff on priority regulatory reform activities.
These changes also reflect a reduced need for contracts for technical analy-
ses of the certification program due to a decision to perform these analyses
in-house. In addition, there was a need to put additional funds into emis-
sion standards and testing and technical administrative support to provide
contract support for increased emission factors, testing and resultant tech-
nology assessment work.
- Congressipnal Actions. (-$2,239,600) A reduction of -$1,487,500 was
taken against the March request reflecting the September 12" reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional reduc-
tion of -5752,100 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($582,100) and
Research and Development ($170,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,424,700 and 89.4 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $4,121,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and
SI ,303,400 1s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Agency is completing activities on revised aircraft and heavy
duty evaporative emission standards and proposals for light duty diesel particu-
lates averaging, non-methane hydrocarbons, and revised heavy duty HC and CO stan-
dards. EPA 1s Issuing a number of regulatory relief studies which the Agency
promised through the auto task force: feasibility of the 1985 light-duty CO stan-
dards. EPA is issuing a number of regulatory relief studies which the diesel
particulate standard; appropriateness of the heavy duty transient test and useful
life provisions; and the Industry burden posed by Section 202(a)(4) of the Clean
Air Act (hazardous pollutant control).
Support 1s being provided to States implementing I/M programs and improve-
ments 1n I/M effectiveness are under Investigation.
Characterization of hazardous pollutants is continuing in accordance with
provisions of Section 202(a)(4). Assessment of diesel and methanol emissions
are continuing, and the Agency is characterizing emissions from the use of other
A-86
-------
s
synthetic fuels. Development of emission factors, related assessments of In-use
vehicle emission levels, and analyses of the impacts of mobile sources are con-
tinuing. The Agency scheduled completion of a report mandated by Congress on
locomotive emissions.
EPA is performing assessments of fuel economy trends and Congress will be
provided with updates. Fuel economy device evaluations are also being performed.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $5,428,600 and 61.9 permanent work years for
this program, of which $3,348,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,080,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $772,700 and an increase of $776,600 respectively from
1982 and reflects the completion of much nil snaking activity, a lower level of
I/M support efforts, and reduced in-use vehicle testing for emissions factors
development. The increase reflects additional emissions characterization and
fuel economy program improvements.
Regulatory development will concentrate on completion of regulatory relief
and regulatory reform measures, and on reassessment of the need for specific regu-
lations. Promulgated final rules will include heavy duty HC and CO (non-catalyst)
standards, light duty diesel particulates averaging, heavy duty diesel particu-
lates and non-methane HC standards. Regulations for fuels and fuel additives
and heavy duty NOX standards will be proposed.
Support to I/M programs will continue at a reduced level as States begin op-
eration of these programs. The emphasis will be on enhancing State capabilities,
providing information on newer technology vehicles, and updating the Section
207{b) warranty regulations.
Technology assessment work will feature characterization of emissions from
vehicles powered by synthetic fuels, assessment of nitrosamine emissions from
heavy-duty vehicles, studies of hazardous pollutant control issues, and updated
reports on the diesel cancer issue.
The fuel economy analysis and device testing program will continue.
TESTING.TECHNICAL ANDADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 54,249,700 for this program, of which
$4,215,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and $34,500 was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Contract funds supported testing to determine compliance with
emissions standards. Fuel economy testing was also provided for use in determin-
ing fuel economy label values and corporate average fuel economy. Data processing
management, engineering and computer support, as well as general administrative
support were provided.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,096,200 $4,654,100
The net increase of +$4,654,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- Restructuring. {'$5,096,200) Resources from emission testing, analysis
and data support and standards and guidelines are being conformed into the
new program element entitled Testing and Technical Administrative Support.
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1
The new program element includes: 1) in-hoyse laboratory, data processing
and related support for mobile source air pollution control; and 2) fuel
economy activities.
- Reprogramming. (-$233,700) The changes in funds within mobile source air
pollution control are the result of shifting staffing patterns due to attri-
tion and the need to focus staff on priority regulatory reform activities.
These changes also reflect a reduced need for contracts for technical analy-
ses of the certification program due to a decision to perform these analy-
ses in-house. In addition, there was a need to put additional funds into
emission standards and testing and technical administrative support to pro-
vide contract support for increased emission factors, testing and resultant
technology assessment work.
- Congressional Actions. (-5208,400) A reduction of -$66,700 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional reduction
of -$141,700 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made "up 'of a decrease of -$64,400 to Abatement, Control and Compliance
and an increase of +$64,400 to Salaries and Expenses. This transfer will
provide needed intramural funds for supplies for the Ann Arbor Laboratory.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,654,100 and 49.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $4,485,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$168,900 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Agency is performing tests to determine compliance with emis-
sions standards, support the enforcement recall program, develop emission factors
for In-use vehicles, and generate fuel economy information. Personnel and admin-
istrative resources, ADP management, engineering and computer support, and labora-
tory support are being provided.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 55,160,200 and 50.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 54,201,900 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 5958,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, this
reflects a decrease of $283,300 and an increase of $789,400, respectively, from
1982 and reflects a reduced need for in-house resources in connection with
equipment and supplies for laboratory purposes. Additional extramural funds are
required for efficient ADP operations. Contracts funding is provided for an
In-use testing program, including a start-up effort for assessing the feasibility
of an In-use compliance program. In-use vehicles will be procured, processed
for testing, and tested to provide data to assess program feasibility and provide
a basis for full implementation of an in-use compliance program 1n the future.
Testing will also continue for certification emission factors and recall purposes.
In addition, continued support for administrative, ADP and other laboratory
support services will be provided.
EMISSIONSAMD FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIftNCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated SI,892,000 for this program, of which $1,789,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $102,200 was for Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance. Contract funds supported certification operations. The Agency certified
216 engine families. Work progressed on the development of certification program
A-88
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regulatory reforms, as well as on an in-use vehicle compliance program relying
on some form of emissions averaging to replace the current preproduction certifica-
tion and final high altitude performance adjustments were completed,
In the fuel economy area, revisions to improve the representativeness of
EPA's fuel economy data were prepared for proposal. Input was provided for the
Gas Mileage Guide and the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) programs,
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,299,100 $1,488,800
The net increase of +$1,488,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Restructuring. {+$2,299,100) The activities and resources of this
program element include: 1) engineering review of data to determine new
motor vehicles compliance with emissions standards and other pre-production
control requirements; 2) follow-up review of the validity of manufacturer's
data, and associated technical activities; 3) similar procedures for fuel
economy determinations.
(-$627,900) The changes in funds within mobile source air
pol lutlon control are the result of shifting staffing patterns due to attnV
tion and the need to focus staff on priority regulatory reform activities.
These changes also reflect a reduced need for contracts for technical analy-
ses of the certification program due to a decision to perform these analyses
In-house. In addition, there was a need to put additional funds into emis-
sion standards and testing and technical administrative support to provide
contract support for increased emission factors, testing and resultant tech-
nology assessment work.
- Congressional Actions. (-$182,400) A reduction of -$22,000 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional reduction
of -$160,400 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet
Congressional ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,488,800 and 34.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,412,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and
576,0001s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Approximately 250 engine families are projected for certification,
Measures to streamline the certification process without weakening compliance
are being promulgated and Implemented. Further development of an In-use vehicle
compliance program is projected. The fuel economy program regulatory changes
are being finalized, and emphasis is continuing on enhancing the representative-
ness of fuel economy values. Input is also being provided to the gas guides and
CAFE program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,430,200 and 28.3 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $17,400 for Salaries and Expenses and a decrease of
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$76,000 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and reflects
the streamlined certification process. The 1983 activities will aim at replac-
ing portions of the certification program with appropriate alternative compli-
ance measures, such as an in-use, vehicle testing-based compliance program.
Fuel economy program improvements will continue and input will be provided for
the gas guides and CAFE program.
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 198Z 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Control Agency Resource
Supplementat1on(l05
Grants)
Abatement Control &
Compl lance
Training
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
' Compliance
Northeast Corridor
Regional Modeling
Project
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
$89,524.4 $87,734.9 $87,734.9 $87,734.9 $69,954.7-$17,780.2
$219.3 $381.8 $381.8 $223.5 $238.1 $14.6
$987.9 $661.0 $661.0 $1,000.0 $624.0 -$376.0
$545.0
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compllance
State Programs
Resource Assistance
TOTAL
$219.3 $381.8 $381.8 $223.5 $238.1 $14.6
$91,057.3 $88,395.9 $88,395.9 $88,734.9 $70,578.7 -$18,156.2
$91,276.6 $88,777.7 $88,777.7 $88,958.4 $70,816.8 -$18,141.6
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
198Z 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.3
4.3
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation (105
Grants)
Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
29.2
4.3
33.5
64.7
8.0
72.7
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
-2.0
-2.0
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $70,816,800 and 4.0 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $18,141,600 from 1982. Included 1n this total is $238,100
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $70,578,700 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, with an increase of $14,600 and a decrease
of $18,156,200, respectively. The decrease reflects completion by the States
of major new regulations for hydrocarbon control; concentration of enforcement
monitoring efforts on the most serious violators 1n nonattalrwient areas; and
reduction of existing monitoring to minimize overlapping sites and in areas
which are In attainment of ambient standards.
Program Description
This subactlvlty provides financial support to State and local air pollution
control agencies, including Indian tribes, for the prevention, abatement, and con-
trol of air pollution. Its prime objective is to support the development and Im-
plementation of effective State and local programs for the attainment and mainte-
nance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, in accordance with provisions
of the Clean Air Act.
Grants assistance to control agencies which have major role in developing
and carrying out these programs, constitutes the major form of EPA resource
assistance. Grants assistance is supplemented by the training of State and
local air pollution personnel and the provision of services of contractors for
specific tasks identified by the States and localities. Grant assistance sup-
ports the basic programs of State and local control agencies in carrying out
their role under the Clean Air Act, Including the development of State Implementa-
tion Plans; enforcement of source emission regulations and requirements; review
and permitting of new sources; and the monitoring of ambient air quality. In
addition, these funds promote the assumption of environmental responsibilities
including the prevention of significant deterioration program.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation Under the Clean Air Act, the con-
trol of air pollution at its source is primarily the responsibility of State and
local governments. States, in cooperation with local agencies, are responsible
under the Act for developing and implementing programs to attain and maintain
the national ambient air quality standards. EPA grant assistance partially funds
the costs for the operation and continued efforts of these State and local agency
programs in meeting these responsibilities.
Training Resource assistance is further supplemented by the provision of
training in specialized areas of air pollution control. Since July 1, 1976, the
EPA Air Pollution Training Institute at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
has been operated under contract. New courses are developed as needed, instruc-
tion manuals and materials are revised and updated, and manuals and instructional
materials are provided to university training centers. A small EPA staff monitors
the contracts, maintains liaison with Regional offices and State and local agen-
cies, assesses changing training requirenents, and ensures that those requirenents
are met. The EPA staff also works «dth university centers to develop State and
local self-sufficieny in training by offering courses at area training centers.
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CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 the Agency obligated 589,524,400 for this program, all in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. Major air management efforts
included continued emphasis on the development and implementation of strategies
and programs for the attainment of the ozone and carbon monoxide standards,
including inspection and maintenance, transportation controls, and the control
of additional stationary source emissions of volatile organic chemicals. Enforce-
ment efforts focused on major source compliance, State development of programs
for the review and permitting of new sources for the prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD), and the development of motor vehicle antitampering/fuel
switching surveillance programs. State and local monitoring efforts produced
major progress in establishing the National Air Monitoring System Network and
preparing necessary data bases for the 1982 strategies suhmittals for major
urban ozone nonattainment areas.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$87,734,900 587,734,900 $87,734,900
There was no change to this activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency allocated a total of $87,734,900 to this program in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Essential air management func-
tions are being maintained for the development of required submittals of strategies
for the post-1982 attainment of standards for 03 and CO. Enforcement efforts
continue to focus on major source compliance, review and permitting of new sources
(including PSD), as well as enforcement of delegated responsibility for hazardous
emissions (NESHAPS) and new source performance standards (NSPS) . Monitoring
programs provide for the maintenance of current ambient monitoring activities
and for progress in the completion of the full State/local air monitoring system
network. Among other efforts, the development and implementation of in-use
vehicle control programs are proceeding. Regulatory reforms are being incorpo-
rated into current State regulation development efforts. In addition, some
States are beginning to develop programs for assessing and regulating air toxics,
including special efforts to optimize current regulatory programs.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $69,954,700 for this program, a decrease
of $17,780,200 from 1982 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
State and local air management efforts will focus principally on the development
and implementation of specific regulatory programs outlined in the post-1982
attainment strategy plan submissions for ozone and carbon monoxide. Air manage-
ment efforts will also focus on the coordination of data base development and
analysis of strategy alternatives necessary for attaining the revised NAAQS for
particulates and on the continued development and implementation of regulatory
reforms for the "bubbling" of source emissions. State and local enforcement
efforts will focus on the surveillance of major stationary sources and on the
effective implementation of programs for the review and permitting of new
sources. State and local air monitoring efforts will focus on the continued
operation and quality assurance of the NAMS network and the preparation of data
bases necessary for the development of regulatory strategies for revised particu-
lates standards and air toxics.
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TRAINING
1981 Ac cofflp11s hmgnts
In 1981, ttie Agency obligated $1,207,200 for this program, of which
5219,300 was for Salaries and Expenses and $987,900 was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Seventy-four training courses were conducted covering 17 subject
areas for 2,000 students and graduate traineeships were provided for 22 control
agency employees. In addition, five workshops were conducted in three subject
area; for 212 students, three courses were revised and one new course was
developed.
1982^ Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
SI,042,800 $1,042,800 $1,223,500
The net increase of +$180,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reprogramnn'ng. (-$143,800) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of
-5143,800.
- Congressional Actions. (+$324,500) A reduction of -$148,800 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12$ reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, The Congressional ear-
marked add-on to this activity is $500,000 applied against the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
An additional change of -526,700 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
($11,500) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($15,200) appropriations to
meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,223,500 and 4.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $223,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and
SI,000,000 is for extramural purposes in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Twenty-eight training courses are being conducted for approxi-
mately 980 students and graduate traineeships for 20 control agency employees
are continuing. Training is being provided in seven area training centers and
more use is being made of self-instructional and correspondence courses.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $862,100 and 4.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $238,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$624,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an
increase of $14,600 and decrease of $376,000 respectively, from 1982. The in-
crease reflects Increased Salaries and Expenses to fund personnel costs and the
decrease reflects reduced development of new direct training courses. Courses
will only be conducted in the seven area training centers. The Agency will
develop seven correspondence and self instructional courses for eventual use by
about 5,000 students.
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
I
JO
tn
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$9,526.1 $10,462.3 $9,184.3 $9,564.4 $8,791.5 -$772.9
$222.0 $2,242.9 $42.9 $116.5 $34.3 -$82.2
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL
Implementation
$9,526.1 $10,462.3 $9,184.3 $9,564.4 $8,791.5 -$772.9
$222.0 $2,242.9 $42.9 $116.5 $34.3 -$82.2
$9,748.1 $12,705.2 $9,227.2 $9,680.9 $8,825.8 -$855.1
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WQRKYEARS
Air Quality Management 277.4 311.0
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 277.4 311.0
275.0 261.4
275.0 261.4
246.5 -14.9
246.5 -14.9
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AIR
Air Quality Managanent Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 308.3 337.8 298.8 284.6 266.8 -17.8
Implementation
TOTAL WORKlfEARS 308.3 337.8 298.8 284.6 266.8 -17.8
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $8,825,800 and 246.5 permanent workyears, a
decrease of 5855,100 and 14.9 permanent workyears from 1982. Included in this
total is 58,791,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $34,300 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $772,900 and $82,200, respec*
tively. These reductions reflect streamlining of the review and rulemaking
activities for State implementation plans.
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources for the operation and maintenance of
an air management program in each of the Agency's ten Regional Offices. The
Regional air management program, in partnership with State and local air pollution
control agencies, serves to meet the regulatory requirements specified in Sections
110, Part C and Part D of the Clean Air Act and EPA implementing regulations.
The air management program provides policy guidance and technical consultation
to States in the development and implementation of the strategies and regulatory
programs for the attainment and maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). It also conducts the necessary review and coordination for
approval of State-submitted strategies. The Agency negotiates air program grants
and provides oversight of State and local progress in developing and implementing
regulatory programs for standards attainment.
Major efforts are necessary to provide timely and effective guidance to
States in meeting the commitments made in strategy submissions for the development
and implementation of multiple regulatory programs essential to the attainment
of standards. Similar efforts will have to be provided for State development of
strategies for other revisions to air quality standards required by the Act and
for the development of programs for implementing regulatory reforms, including
controlled trading options,
The 1977 Amendments to the Act also impose major new requirements on the
process for reviewing and permitting new sources to assure that they will not
cause deterioration of air quality in areas attaining the National Ambient
Quality Standards (NAAQS), or that will not delay attainment or aggravate
current problems in areas not yet attaining the NAAQS. Effective guidance to
States assuming full responsibility for these review and permitting requirements
involves major Regional efforts. Guidance to States in the determination of
best available emission control technology, analysis of air quality impact,
selective source siting, and emission trade-off analyses integral to this review
process is required. Oversight of the State new source activities is provided
as well.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $9,748,100 for this program, of which
$9,526,100 was for Salaries and Expenses and $222,000 was for Abatement, Control
Compliance. The contract funds were for the salaries of National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration meteorologists who provide modeling support to EPA.
Emphasis focused especially on follow-up of State implementation of the 1979
strategy submissions for the development of regulatory programs for stationary
source volatile organics and automobile inspection/maintenance, development of
data bases for 1982 ozone/CO strategies for urban areas with post-1982 attainment
extensions, and State assumption of new source review/ prevention of significant
deterioration programs. The Regions provide follow-up on strategy commitments
and schedules for non-traditional particulate and fugitive dust studies and
A-98
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analyses. The Regions provided extensive guidance in formulating regulations
consistent with available control technology to states developing additional
controls on volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions. In addition, guidance
and consultation were provided to States and applicants in developing and review-
ing applications for use of source "bubbles" facilitating emission trade-offs.
1982 Explanation of Chajiges from Janujry Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$12,705,200 $9,227,200 $9,680,900
The net decrease of -$3,024,300 results from several actions, as follows:
~ January - March. {-$3,478,000) This change represented a decrease
of $3,478,000from the January budget, of which $1,278,000 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $2,200,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The decrease reflected simplified SIP review procedures.
- Reprogramnrfng. (+5543,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi seel laneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$543,300.
- Congressional Actions. (-$185,100) An additional reduction of -$185,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressio-
nal ly mandated appropriation levels.
" Transfer Authorlty. (+$95,500) The net increase applied to this activity
includes a decrease of -$11,600 to Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of +$107,100 to Salaries and Expenses for printing In Region I.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of S9,680,900 and 261.4 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $9,564,400 Is for Salaries and Expenses and
2116,500 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Contract resources are being provided to support modeling and
special analyses for regulatory reform proposals, S02 emission limitation changes,
and toxic air emissions. Regional air management efforts focus on the review
and approval of State regulations for control of additional sources of VOC
emissions, completion of remaining corrections to deficient 1979 State Implemen-
tation Plan submissions, approval of revised regulatory strategies for major S02
sources, attainment strategies for NAAQS for lead, and for State developed generic
programs for implementing controlled trading options, including source bubbles
and emission banking.
Guidance is being provided to States developing automotive inspection/main-
tenance (I/M) programs and preparing post-1982 ozone/CO attainment strategies.
The Agency 1s continuing efforts fostering the delegation of PSD programs to
States and is continuing direct involvement in the review of new source permit-
ting for nondelegated States. Air grants negotiations and evaluation of State
and local agency performance in meeting grant commitments are continuing.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,825,800 and 246.$ permanent work/ears for
this progran, of which $8,791,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 534,300 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A-99
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Traditional review and rulemaking activities for SIPs will continue to be
streamlined. A1r management functions which have received little attention
because of extensive review and approval efforts, will be Implemented or expanded,
including more intensive delegation support to States and review/audit of State
regulatory and new source programs. Most review and, If necessary, approval
actions will involve only the post-1982 attainment strategies submitted in late
1982 and revisions for isolated major point sources, including specific S.Og
sources incorporating averaging times for establishing emission limitations and
verifying source compliance.
Guidance will be provided to States in developing and implementing regulatory
programs specified in the post-1982 attainment strategies [e.g., additional
stationary source, VOC controls, voluntary or mandatory I/M programs); procedures
for conducting the engineering and modeling analyses necessary for permitting
new sources; programs for assessing and regulating air toxics; programs for
developing needed data bases for new MAAQS for parti dilates; and programs for
furthering regulatory reform, including programs for controlled trading. Improved
State audit/review programs will be developed and implemented to assess State
capabilities, consistency, and progress in carrying our regulatory strategies/
programs.
The Regions will initiate efforts to actively identify and assess inter-
state problems and issues which effect regulatory program's progress and the
permitting of new sources in interstate areas. Limited resources are maintained
to retain a more direct EPA role in new source permitting where States have not
assumed full responsibilities, and to take faster action on regulatory program
inadequacies evident through program audits and remedial measure development.
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AIR
Trends Monitoring 4 Progress Assessment
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Air Quality &
Emissions Data
Analysis 8 Progress
.Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
$2,437.4 $2,945.3 $2,925.1 $2,763.1 $2,997.8 $234.7
$105.6 $310.5 $310.5 $163.4 $248.4 $85.0
$1,487.0 $1,604.8 $1,604.8 $1,550.8 $1,427.5 -$123.3
$326.1 $200.0 $192.3 $149.2 $203,9 $54.7
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
TOTAL
$3,924.4 $4,550.1 $4,529.9 $4,313.9 $4,425.3 $111.4
$431.7 $510.5 $502.8 $312.6 $452.3 $139.7
$4,356.1 $5,060.6 $5,032.7 $4,626.5 $4,877.6 $251.1
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AIR
Trends Monitoring 8 Progress Assessment
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE t
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME UORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 75.4 82.1 82.1 80.2 82.1 1.9
Monitoring
Air Quality 8 32.9 34.2 34.2 32.2 29.9 -2.3
Emissions Data
Analysis 8 Progress
Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 108.3 116.3 116.3 112.4 112.0 -.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 82.4 89.2 89.2 86.9 87.B .9
Monitoring
A1r Quality 8 38.6 38.8 38.8 36.8 34,0 -2.8
Emissions Data
Analysis 8 Progress
Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS 121.0 128.0 128.0 123.7 121.8 -1.9
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,877,600 and 112.0 permanent workyears for
1933, an increase of 5251,100 and a decrease of .4 permanent workyears from
1982. Included in this total is 54,425,300 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $452,300 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion, an increase of Sill,400 and $139,700, respectively. The increase reflects
additional national Air Monitoring Stations (MAMS) monitors evaluations and
continued Implementation of the new air data system.
Program Description
This subactivity covers work related to monitoring ambient air quality,
determining source emissions, analyzing their relationships and assessing the
progress made toward the attainment of environmental goals.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Activity in this program includes: 1) EPA's
management overvi ew oT state ambient air quality monitoring networks, associated
laboratory and field quality assurance activities and the implementation of air
monitoring strategies as delineated in the air monitoring regulations promulgated
in 1978 [40 CFR 58); 2} the coordination of regional and State field Investigation
activities for collecting ambient air quality samples for subsequent sample analy-
sis and related quality control; 3) reviewing of source emissions data, and 4) the
necessary management and coordination to ensure timely storage and validation of
data obtained.
Air Quality and Ealssions Data Analysis and Progress Assessment;; Major
activities include national coordination of regional office. State and local
ambient monitoring programs and issuance of new/revised regulatory requirements
and related technical guidance; active oversight and auditing of the National
Air Monitoring Stations to ensure continuing conformance with all regulatory
ambient standards. Increased attention will be given to improving technical
decisions; operation of computer systems for storing, retrieving and analyzing
ambient air quality and emission data; development and implementation of systems
to meet user requirewnts; and preparation of trends analyses and related air
quality and emission progress assessments for policy evaluation and development
and to meet public information needs.
AHBIE_HT AIR QjJALITY MDtllTORING
1J81 Accqmpl Ishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 52,543,000 for this program, of which
32,437,400 was for Salaries and Expenses and $105,600 was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Contract funds supported preparation of air quality profiles.
The Regions continued management overview of State monitoring programs, including
the evaluation and reriew of networks for conformance to EPA regulations, adequacy
in meeting data needs for trends assessment, compliance evaluation, and SIP develop-
pnent and evaluation,
EPA conducted quality assurance audits of State monitoring systems, coordina-
tion of State data quality assessments, and validation of all HAMS data for
adequacy and timeliness. Programs to validate State and Local Air Monitoring
Stations (SLAMS) data from critical sites were initiated. EPA provided coordina-
tion with States to ensure that emission inventories were submitted and stored
in the National Emission and Data System (NEDS) and provided assistance for
special air quality data collection needed for SIP development.
A-103
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1 982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate . Estimate
S3 ,255 ,800 $3,235,600 52,926,500
The net decrease of -$329,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-520,200) This change represented a decrease of
S 2 0 , i*o(J from the J a nu a ry budget all of which was for Salaries and Expenses,
and reflected reductions in travel ceiling.
- ReDrogramming. (-$150,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$150,900.
- Congressional Actions. (-$160,800) A reduction of -$69,700 was taken
agani st the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction reflects
reduced funds for monitoring projects. An additional reduction of -$91,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses and appropriation to meet Congres-
sional^ mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$2,600) The net increase applied to this activity
includes a decrease of -$26,600 to Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of +529,200 to Salaries and Expenses.
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,926,500 and 80.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which 52,763,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and
5163,400 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Regional offices are continuing to evaluate State monitoring
networks, perform quality assurance audits, coordinate State inhalable parti-
culate data activities, and validate and coordinate storage of air data in NEDS.
Evaluations for conforaance of SLAMS monitoring sites located in primary non-
attainment areas and for energy conversion sources are being performed. In
addition, quality assurance audits are being performed of large local agency
monitoring systems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,246,200 and 82.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 52,997,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 5248,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
reflects an increase of $234,700 and $85,000, respectively, and reflects increased
NAMS monitors evaluations in 1983. The Agency will provide technical assistance
in establishing inhalable particulates (IP), toxics, and acid precipitation
monitoring networks. The Agency will continue quality assurance audits-of States
monitoring systems and performance audits of selected NAMS monitors and will
continue to validate and store air quality and emissions data 1n the EPA data
banks. Assistance will be provided for the 1982 attainment analyses and assess-
ments. EPA will review selected NAMS and SLAMS monitors and provide SLAMS data
validation.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA ANALYSIS AND PROGRESS ASSESSMENT
1 981 Accompl i shtnents
In 1981, the Agency obligated 31,813,100 for this program, of which
51,487,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $326,100 was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Contract funds supported preparation of trends reports and
A-104
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development of the new air data system. Emphasis continued on operation and
updating of existing air data systems, training and guidance of systems users,
and responses to requests from the public. Support of EPA developed data systems
was provided in 35 State and local agencies.
Efforts continued to develop revised air monitoring regulations and operating
guidance. Regulations for ambient lead monitoring were promulgated. Comprehen-
sive on-site audits of over 200 NAMS were conducted to assess compliance with
the regulations. EPA prepared an annual report and other air quality analyses
and statistical reports. Development of the new air data system continued.
1982Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
51,804,800 $1,797,100 $1,700,000
The net decrease of -5104,800 result from the following action:
- January-March. (-$7,700) This change represented a decrease of
S7,700 from the January budget all of which was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance.
- Congressional Acti ons. (-597,100) A reduction of -$43,100 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation resulting In slower develop-
ment of the new air data system. An additional reduction of -$54,000 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of SI ,700,000 and 32.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,550,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and
5149,200 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. All major activities are continuing, including operation of
existing air data systems, production of the annual report and other statistical
analyses, national oversight of State and local monitoring programs, and evalua-
tions of NAMS including on-site audits. In addition, the Agency is providing
technical guidance for interfacing modeling and monitoring, for network design
and siting of toxic pollutant monitors, and evaluation of SLAMS network compliance
with regulatory criteria. Specifications for software and data base management
systems for the new air data system are being developed.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of SI ,631,400 and 29.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,427,500 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and S203.900 Is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $123,300 and an increase of $54,700. respectively, and
reflects the production of fewer trends analyses and decreased efforts in
evaluating selected lower priority State and local monitor-ing efforts and a
slight increase in extramural funds to implement the new air data system.
Operation of existing air data systems and modification to accommodate changes
in ambient standards will continue, as will national oversight of State and
local monitoring programs. To prepare for future monitoring of toxic pollutants
by States, a new program will be Initiated to develop and implement criteria for
characterizing urban air, determining trends and emergency response, and insuring
data validity.
A-105
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
Stationary Source fnforcement
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
a
ov
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Legal 4 Enforcement
Counsel
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$13,038.8 $17,145.8 $15,358.7 $14,232.9 $10,101.5 -$4,131.4
$8,141.5 $9,841.2 $9,091.2 $9,091.2 $5,019.1 -$4,072.1
$1,703.5
$700.0
$700.0
-$700.0
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compl lance
Stationary Source TOTAL
Enforcement
$13,038.8 $17,145.8 $15,358.7 $14,232.? $10,101.5 -$4,131.4
$9,845.0 $9,841.2 $9,791.2 $9,791.2 $5,019.1 -$4,772.1
$22,883.8 $26,987.0 $25,149.9 $24,024.1 $15,120.6 -$8,903.5
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
392.7 497.5 456,3 409.2 273.4 -135.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
392.7 497.5 456.3 409.2 273.4 -135.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
435.2 536.8 487.1 437.3 289.6 -147.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
435.2 536.8 487.1 437.3 289.6 -147.7
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $15,120,600 and 273.4 permanent workyears 1n
1983, a decrease of $8,903,500 and 135.8 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
In this total Is $10,101,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $5,019,100 for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance, with decreases of $4,131,400 and $4,772,100 respec-
tively. The reduction In Salaries and Expenses and permanent workyears for this
activity Is attributable, in part, to a reorganization shifting judicial case
development and legal activities to the new Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel (OLEC), and to a shift away from direct Federal enforcement toward greater
support of State efforts In these activities. The decrease 1n extramural funds
reflects anticipated Improvements 1n State enforcement activities, primarily 1n
the areas of Inspections and compliance monitoring.
Program Description
The stationary source enforcement program provides support to and coordi-
nation with State and local air pollution control agencies to ensure that
stationary sources achieve and maintain compliance with the requirements of the
Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977.
Stationary Souree Enforcement Specific statutory requirements of concern
to this program include State imp!ementatlon Plans, new source related provisions
including permitting programs and New Source Performance Standards, National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, and certain provisions relating
to coal conversions under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act.
As a result of State and EPA actions, approximately ninety-three percent
of the more than 28,000 major stationary sources have achieved compliance with
all applicable air quality limitations. Although this represents a significant
achievement, government efforts must continue to ensure that remaining sources
come into compliance with present standards or any new or revised standards; and,
that once controls are installed, compliance with standards Is maintained. EPA
will continue to provide State and local agencies with technical support in
their efforts tn order to realize this goal and, where appropriate, Initiate its
own actions.
Stationary Source EnforcementLegal andEnforcement Counsel This program
element provides contract funds to support aT portion of" the enforcement data
system and to assist In case development and training activities related to Air
Quality Enforcement.
STATIOMARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $21,180,300 for this program, of which
513,038,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $8,141,500 was for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. The resources Included contract support for enforce-
ment case support; compliance monitoring and field surveillance; data management;
and Regional studies.
During 1981, the States and EPA continued their efforts to bring sources
Into compliance with the provisions of the Clean Air Act. Also, the Agency
began Implementation of the noncompllance penalty regulations under Section 120.
The Agency Implemented regulations under Section 119 of the Act, relating to the
issuance of administrative orders to primary nonferrous smelters for the control
of sulfur oxide emissions. This implementation of Section 119 should accelerate
A-108
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the movement toward-compliance for the smelter Industry. The Stationary Source
Enforcement program Is providing technical and cost evaluations of the applica-
tions which are anticipated to be completed by early 1982 under the Steel Industry
Compliance Extension Act (SICEA) of 1981.
Efforts to increase the usefulness, accessibility and quality of Information
In the compliance data system were highly successful in 1981. Significant
achievements included assistance to the States in development of their own compli-
ance data systems and Integrating them into the nationwide network, and enhancement
of the capability to track the compliance status of sources utilizing contlnous
emission monitors.
Accomplishments in 1981 included development of 3 technical workshops to
enhance the capabilities of State and local programs (23 workshops were pre-
sented to Regional, State and local agency personnel), development of 6 manuals,
and provision of assistance to 2 additional State compliance data systems
(bringing the total to 20). During 1981, EPA referred 52 actions to the Depart-
ment of Justice, issued 65 administrative orders, and conducted 3,475 inspections.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
S26.987.000 $24,449,900 $23,324,100
The net decrease of -$3,662,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$1,045,300) This change represented a decrease of
SI,045,300 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and
Expenses. As a result of this decrease, we relied more heavily on volun-
tary source data to obtain experience with utilization of continuous
emission monitoring techniques, in the development of a long-term national
continuous compliance strategy during 1982.
~ Reorganization. (-$1,491,800) Resources totalling $791,000 were moved to
Technical support-Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (National Enforce-
ment Investigations Center - NEIC). The functions supported by these re-
sources remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a)
so that their resources could be more readily Identified and, (b) organiza-
tionally, the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an agency restructuring
these resources were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under one
program element. This reflects the consolidation of these similar activities
providing quick technical response In emergency situations. Resources
totalling 5700,000 were moved to support case development and system develop-
ment activities.
- Reprogranimlng. (-$154,800) .During the development of the operating plan,
several mi seen aneous reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decreade of -$154,800.
" Congressiona^ .-fet'Ums. (-$1,026,900) A reduction of -$2,035,900 was
taken against theMarchestimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance' appropriation. It was added back
(+$2,035,900) by Congress In final action on the 1982 Appropriation Bill.
An additional reduction of -SI,026,900 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation
levels.
* Transfer Authority. (+$55,900) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of an Increase of +$55,900 to Salaries and Expenses for essential
operating costs.
A-109
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1982 Program
The Agency Is allocating a total of $23,324,100 and 409.2 permanent workyears
for this program In 1982, of which $14,232,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$9,091,200 Is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, The extramural funds are being used for enforcement case support;
compliance monitoring and field surveillance; Regional data management support;
and Regional Industrial, technical and economic studies.
In 1982, the Agency will be refocuslng the direction of this program to
further ensure that State and local air pollution control programs assume the
primary role In ensuring that significant sources of air pollution are bought
into compliance, and that sources maintain such compliance. EPA will work with
the State and local programs to enhance their technical capabilities through
expansion of its inspection workshop program, assisting the States in development
of continuous compliance pilot programs, and through providing limited assistance
in specific cases.
During 1982, the Section 120 noncompllance penalty program will continue to
be implemented, as will the primary nonferrous smelter order (NSO) program under
Section 119 of the Clean Air Act. Since initial NSOs may extend only through
January 1, 1983, it will be necessary to begin development of second round NSO
regulations during 1982 to establish the regulatory framework for compliance
extensions until January 1, 1988, as provided in the Act.
The Agency will continue to encourage delegation of responsibility of the
PSD program and enforcement of NSPS and NESHAPS regulations to the States.
Enforcement of NESHAPS regulations continues to be a high priority of this
program.
EPA must continue to ensure that new sources are constructed in accord-
ance with applicable environmental requirements and will continue to expedite
issuance of energy-related PSD permits. In addition, certain existing power
plants having the technical capability to use coal can certify that they are
eligible to receive an order requiring them to convert under provisions of the
Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act of 1981. EPA will provide quick and
thorough responses In these situations, Including issuance of Section 113 (d)
(5) delayed compliance orders in appropriate cases.
Program accomplishments during 1982 will also Include providing assist-
ance to 55 State enforcement actions, developing 3 new technical workshops to
enhance the capabilities of State and local programs (with 30 workshops being
presented to Regional, State and local personnel), development or implementation
of 2 continuous compliance pilot programs, development of 4 manuals for State
and local programs, and providing assistance to 4 additional State compliance
data systems. During 1982, EPA will issue 65 administrative orders, and con-
duct 1,825 inspections.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,120,600 and 273.4 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $10,101,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,019,100 Is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
The major focus of the Stationary Source Enforcement program will be the
effective development and Implementation of the Agency's policy and guidance to
encourage greater reliance on State and local agencies for enforcement of air
quality regulations, and on significant violations in nonatta 1 nment areas.
A-110
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There will also be an increased effort for building the technical capa-
bilities of State and local programs. This will include development and
presentation of technical workshops, continued emphasis on ensuring continuous
compliance through further development of the State pilot program effort begun
in 1982, and evaluation of State compliance procedures and follow-up support.
EPA will be developing and Implementing a general audit program for the State
and local programs to track progress towards attainment of the goals of the
Clean Air Act and to identify areas where additional enhancement of technical
expertise may be required.
The stationary source enforcement program will continue to provide assist-
ance in selected judicial referrals, consent decrees, Section 120 actions; and
will issue administrative orders to violators as necessary. In addition, the
program will continue to review and manage the Compliance Data System (COS),
provide contractor assistance to State and Regional enforcement efforts, and
make applicability determinations under the NSPS and NESHAP's.
EPA will continue to conduct Inspections, monitor enforcement actions,
issue waivers and permits, make noncompliance penalty determinations, and bring
enforcement actions In environmentally significant cases where States cannot or
will not take such actions, despite EPA effort. To encourage States to assume
primary responsibility, EPA will provide limited direct case assistance to State
enforcement efforts when requested. EPA will also, as necessary, review perform-
ance tests, evaluate continuous emission monitoring programs, and conduct inspec-
tions of significant sources located in nonattafnment areas on a selective basis.
Other program accomplishments in 1983 will include providing assistance to
110 State enforcement actions, development of 5 new technical workshops to enhance
the capabilities of State and local programs (with 40 workshops being presented
to Regional, State and local personnel), development of 4 manuals for State and
local programs, and providing assistance to 5 State compliance data systems.
During 1983, the enforcement program will develop in conjunction with the Office
of Legal and Enforcement counsel, civil and criminal referrals. In addition,
the program will conduct a projected 1835 inspections. The issuance of admini-
strative orders 1s expected to triple (190 orders) in 1983.
STAJ^ AMDI ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated SI ,703,500 in Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance funds to provide support to the enforcement docket system, case development,
and training efforts.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$700,000 5700,000
The net Increase of +$700,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reorganization. (+$700,000) Resources totalling +$700,000 were moved
from this newly establ1 shed office to support case development and systems
systems development activities. The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for the National Enforcement
Investigation Center was created, (a) so that their resources could be
more readily identified and, (b) organizationally, the center now falls
under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
A-lll
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $700,000 in Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance funds to provide support to the enforcement docket system, case development,
and training efforts.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program element in 1983. Development
of the docket system has been completed and the case development functions will
be centralized and carried out by the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
A-112
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source Enforcement
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control £
Compliance
$4,403.0 $4,211.7 $3,690.6 $3,959.6 $3,522,6 -$437.0
$2,199.8 $2,482.6 $2,482.6 $955.6 $1,896.5 $940.9
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL
$4,403.0 $4,211.7 $3,690.6 $3,959.6 $3,522.6 -$437.0
$2,199.8 $2,482.6 $2,482.6 $955.6 $1,896.5 $940.9
$6,602.8 $6,694.3 $6,173.2 $4,915.2 $5,419.1 $503.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKVEARS
Mobile Source Enforcement
107.8
110.6
97.0
87.0
56.4
-30.6
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*
AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE + .
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 107.8 110.6 97.0 87.0 56.4 -30.6
TOTAL WORKVEARS
I
Mobile Source Enforcement 148,2 143.2 127,7 117.7 74.8 -42.9
TOTAL HORKyEARS 148.2 143.2 127.7 117.7 74.8 -42.9
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,419,100 and 56.4 permanent woricyears for
1983. an increase of $503,900 and a decrease of 30.6 permanent workyears from
1982. Included in this total 1s $3,522,600 for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,896,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with a decrease of $437,000
and an Increase of $940,900 respectively. The decrease 1n Salaries and Expenses
stems from economies 1n mobile source testing programs, reduced direct Involvement
through support of State efforts to prevent fuel switching/tampering, and
transfer of resources associated with case development/legal activities to the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. The Increase 1n extramural funds will
Increase activities 1n the areas of fuels Inspections, training for State
personnel, and support for the recal 1 program.
Program Description
The mobile source enforcement program 1s directed primarily towards achiev-
ing compliance with motor vehicle emission standards and fuel regulations as
required by the Clean Air Act. The major goals and objectives are to (1)
assure that new vehicles meet emission standards; (2) assure that vehicles meet
emission standards In use; (3) assure that emission control systems are not
removed or rendered Inoperative; (4) assure that harmful additives are not
present 1n gasoline; (5) administer fuel and emission waivers; and (6) administer
the statutory emission warranties.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $6,602,800 for this program, of which
$4,403,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,199,800 was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. The Agency used these funds for recall emission testing, fuels
Inspections and fuel switching observations, field Inspections for tampering and
fuel switching, data management, and assistance to States for unleaded gasoline
inspections. In 1981, this program Issued twenty-seven selective enforcement
audit test orders to manufacturers to test assembly line vehicles. The Selective
Enforcement Audit (SEA) program assures that new vehicles on the production line
are in compliance with emission requirements.
In support of the in-use compliance program, the Agency carried out 700
surveillance/confirmatory tests of vehicles 1n-use were conducted and thirty-five
recall Investigations In 1981. This activity resulted In two Agency Initiated
recalls Involving 712,000 vehicles and two recalls involving 546,000 vehicles
which were voluntarily Initiated by the automobile Industry,
The mobile source enforcement program enforced the tampering and fuel switch-
Ing provisions by performing 1225 Inspections of new car dealerships, fleets,
commercial repair facilities, and service stations. In addition, 9,000 fuel
switching/tampering observations were conducted and serve as & data base for
statistically determining the rate of fuel switching/tampering nationally and to
identify some localized trends.
The Agency also conducted 25,000 fuels Inspections to assure compliance with
unleaded gasoline regulations, the Stage I vapor recovery, requirements and with
octane disclosure provisions. Three fuel waivers requirements were processed.
A-115
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Other accomplishments in 1981 included the completion of warranty regu-
lations, aftermarket parts certification regulations, and a public hearing on
proposed revisions to the Import regulations.
1982ExplanationofChanges from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,694,300 $6,173,200 $4.915,200
The net decrease of -$1,779,100 results from several actions, as follows:
"
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In 1982, we are beginning to shift recall testing to the EPA motor vehicle
laboratory In Ann Arbor, Michigan. The Agency Is Increasing the number of recall
Investigations In 1982 over 1981 levels from 35 to 45 as a result of applying
statistical criteria to decision-making which allow fewer tests to be conducted
on a class of vehicles to determine 1n~use compliance with standards.
Additional effort Is being placed on encouraging State participation 1n
field Inspections to reduce automobile emissions that result from tampering,
fuel switching and Improper maintenance.
Other major activities 1n 1982 are the continuation of SEA program for
assembly line testing; administering fuel and emission waivers (NOX and CO);
conduct of fuels Inspections; review of the lead phase-down regulations; assist-
ance to States and localities to conduct unleaded fuels Inspections; and imple-
menting revisions to the Imports compliance program.
The 1982 enforcement activities will result In 25 selective enforcement
audit test orders; 45 recall Investigations; 635 confirmatory/surveillance tests;
1013 fleet tampering, fuel switching Investigations (new car dealerships, fleets,
commercial repair facilities, and service stations); 6,000 fuel switching obser-
vations; and 30 warranty Investigations.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,419,100 and 56.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3.522,600 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and SI,896,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Extramural funds will be used for the recall program, fuels Inspections and fuel
switching observations, data management, and assistance to States and localities
for unleaded gasoline Inspections,
In 1983, the recall program will continue to assure compliance of 1n-use
vehicles with emission standards. Greater emphasis will be placed on in-use
compliance In 1983, with a consequent decrease 1n the number of SEA for assembly
line testing. In 1983, all EPA enforcement testing will be conducted In Ann
Arbor, Michigan. The tampering and fuel switching program, designed to reduce
1n-use emissions, will be continued at reduced levels with efforts to assist
State and local programs receiving Increased emphasis.
The activities of the fuels program 1n 1983 Include conducting combined
unleaded gasoline and vapor recovery Inspections at service stations and fleet
dispensing facilities. The program will continue to monitor lead usage reports
and the status of refiner efforts to achieve compliance with the lead phase-down
program, and administer the emission and fuel waivers as required.
During 1983, the major activities for the mobile source enforcement program
will be to conduct 35 recall Investigations, 490 surveillance/confirmatory
recall tests, 509 fleet tampering/fuel switching Inspections (fleets, new car
dealerships, and commercial repair facilities), 25,000 combined fuels Inspections,
and 4,000 fuel switching observations. In addition, the Agency will Issue 17
vehicle SEA orders and provide assistance to 20 States and local governments to
develop tampering programs. The development of these State programs will be
given Increased emphasis 1n 1983.
A-117
-------
Water Quality
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1988 1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control H
Compliance
Research ft Development
TOTAL, Hater Quality
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$110,647.2 $125,469.6 $107,603.1 $105,011.4 $92,084.7 -$12,926.7
$181,659.7 $141,787.4 $114,177.8 $110,530.5 $85,029.3 -$25,501.2
$25,930.0 $30,277.0 $24,456.2 $21,254.8 $8,851.7 -$12,403.1
$318,236.9 $297,534.0 $246,237.1 $236,796.7 $185,965.7 -$50,831.0
2,781.7 2,856,6 2,401.8 2,246.3 1.849.5 -396.8
3,352.5 3,494.6 2,993.3 2,787.4 2,292.0 -495.4
$343,398.4 $409,337.0 $378,677.0 $273,429.6 $212,285.5 -$61,144.1
$444,719.0 $292,983.0 $292,983.0 $292,983.0 -$292,983.0
Water Quality Non-
Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
Municipal Uastewater
Non-Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
$13,378.7 $14,592.0 $12,173.0 $12,713.0 $10,143.3 -$2,569.7
$11,850.7 $8,622.4 $5,882.9 $6,429.7 $900.0 -$5,529.7
$6,606.0 $7,644.2 $7,370,2 $7,169.8
$8,132.0 $12,985.9 $12,014.7 $9,398.6
$5,514.8 -$1,655.0
$6,117.0 -$3,281.6
-------
WATER QUALITY
i
ro
ACTUAL
1981
Industrial Wastewater
Non-Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
RESEARCH A DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality State
Program Management
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Effluent Standards A
Guidelines
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control A
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS
$3
$5
$23
$25
TOTAL $49
$11
$14
$5
$22
,993.5
,947.3
,978.2
,930.0
,908.2
,721.3
,322.7
,780.4
,392.7
$4,609
$8,668
$26,845
$30,277
$57,122
$10,069
$8,675
$6,333
$12,913
IN
.4
;7
.6
.0
.6
.0
.5
.9
.9
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1903 DECREASE -
1983 VS 198;
THOUSANDS)
$4,039
$6,558
$23,582
$24,456
$48,038
$7,158
$3,801
$5,831
$10,237
.3
.6
,5
.2
,7
.9
,1
.9
.8
$3
$5
$23
$21
$45
$7
$8
$5
$6
,952.1
,426.5
,834.9
,254.8
,089.7
,959.8
,774.4
,165.6
,578.5
$3
$1
$18
$8
$27
$10
$2
$4
$7
,200.3
,834.7
,858.4
,851.7
,710.1
,974.9
,850.0
,785.5
,448.5
-$751.8
-$3,591.8
-$4,976.5
-$12,403.1
-$17,379.6
$3,015.1
-$5,924.4
-$380.1
$870.0
Compliance
Grants Assistance
Programs
Abatement Control A $97,802.3 $64,800.0 $51,200.0 $60,700.0 $40,845.6 -$19,854.4
Compliance
-------
MATER QUALITY
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Strategies Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Mater Quality
Monitoring I Analysis
Salaries'8 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Municipal Source
Control
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl1ance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl 1 ance
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
$10,189.9 $12,165.9 $11,146.9 $10,240.1 $10,239.4 -$.7
$7,092.4 $7,629.0 $6,083.2 $4,658.3 $4,620.3 -$38.0
$7,981.3 $9,443.7 $8,479.2 $7,894.3 $8,791.7 $897.4
$2,382.5 $1,922.9 $879.9 $573.7 $375.7 -$198.0
$28,309.1 $32,102.5 $26,625.9 $26,661.3 $18,267.2 -$8,394.1
$29,721.2 $36,002.3 $32,477.1 $23,777.8 $25,502.4 $1,724.6
$63,982.0 $70,115.0 $59,242.8 $57,921.1 $53,058.7 -$4,862.4
$173,713.8 $131,943.6 $104,679.1 $105,062.7 $81,642.5 -$23,420.2
TOTAL $237,695.8 $202,058.6 $163,921.9 $162,983.8 $134,701.2 -$28,282.6
$15,577.1 $18,741.1 $16,956.9 $16,109.2 $13,181.0 -$2,928.2
$3,577.9 $2,514.2 $2,514.2 $1,153.8 $176.9 -$976.9
-------
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality Permits
Issuance
Salaries « Expenses $7,109.9 $9,767.9 $7,820.9 $7,145.2 $6,986.6 -$159.6
Abatement Control 8 $4,294.0 $7,329.6 $6,984.5 $4,314.0 $3,209.9 -$1,104.1
Compliance
Salaries & Expenses $22,687.0 $28,509.0 $24,777.8 $23,255.4 $20,167.6 -$3,087.8
Abatement Control I $7,871.9 $9,843.8 $9,498.7 $5,467.8 $3,386.8 -$2,081.0
Compliance
E ENFORCEMENT TOTAL $30,558.9 $38,352.8 $34,276.5 $28,723.2 $23,554.4 -$5,168.8
i
*" TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Water Quality Non-
Energy
Municipal Mastewater
Non-Energy
Industrial Wastewater
Non-Energy
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Water Quality State
241.5
132.5
74.1
44E.1
280.9
233.6
145.5
67.1
446.2
191.8
214.2
138.5
49.2
401.9
103.8
201.2
117.9
46.0
365.1
98.0
166.3
84.4
35.1
285.8
210.8
-34.9
-33.5
-10.9
-79.3
112.8
Program Management
Effluent Standards X 113.4 100.0 85.0 78.7 68.4 -10.3
Guidelines
-------
MATER QUALITY
o
t
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Mater Quality
Strategies Implementation
Mater Quality
Monitoring t, Analysis
Municipal Source
Control
ABATEMENT & CONTROL TOTAL
Mater Quality
Enforcement
Mater Quality Permits
Issuance
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL MORKYEARS
253.4
191.2
832.1
1.671.0
453.7
208.9
662,6
279.7
190.6
874.0
1,636.1
514.0
260.3
774.3
253.0
160.6
7?4.5
1.326.9
473.4
199.6
673.0
241.2
150.3
692.3
1,260.5
431.6
189.1
620.7
217.8
140.6
436.1
1,073.7
326.1
163.9
490.0
-23.4
-9.7
-256.2
-186.8
-105.5
-25.2
-130.7
Mater Quality Non-
Energy
Municipal Wastewater
Non-Energy
Industrial Hastewater
Non-Energy
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
347.5
164.7
367.7
183.4
TOTAL
97.0 92.4
609.2 643.5
338.1 319.1 263.2 -55.9
176.4 146.6 106.6 -40.0
74.5 71.3 53.0 -18.3
589.0 537.0 422.8 -114.2
-------
HATER QUALITY
a
i
01
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Water Quality State
Program Management
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
Grants Assistance
Programs
Mater Quality
Strategies Implementation
Hater Quality
Monitoring 4 Analysis
Municipal Source
Control
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL TOTAL
Hater Quality
Enforcement
Hater Quality Permits
Issuance
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
353.7
142.1
5.0
292.4
233.1
952.9
1,979.2
517.6
246.5
764.1
249.6
131.3
7.1
308.9
240.8
1,019.6
1,957.3
576.3
317.5
893.8
157.6
116.3
289.3
210.8
850.1
1,624.1
526.9
253.3
780.2
149,2
108.0
275.3
198.6
802.1
1,533,2
479.7
237.5
717.2
269.4
93.4
247.3
181.0
506.1
1,297,2
365.7
206.3
572.0
120,2
-14.6
-28.0
-17.6
-296.0
-236.0
-114.0
-31.2
-145.2
-------
MATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Water Act, as amended in 1977 and 1981, provides the framework
for protection of the Nation's waters. The law recognizes that it is the primary
responsibility of the States to prevent, reduce, and eliminate water pollution.
The States determine the desired uses for their waters, set standards, identify
current uses, and, where uses are being impaired or threatened, develop plans
for the protection or restoration of the designated use. They implement the
plans through control programs such as permitting and enforcement, construction
of municipal wastewater treatment works, and nonpoint source control practices.
The Act also calls for the reliance on technology-based effluent limitations for
control of industrial and municipal point sources of water pollution. If desig-
nated uses will not be attained through the technology limits established, the
States must either seek a greater level of control .or reexamine the viability of
designated uses.
The Environmental Protection Agency has the role of establishing national
regulations and guidelines to assure that the goals of the Act are met, conduct-
ing research and development to facilitate the elimination of pollution, making
grants to support State and local activities, and ensuring that standards and
regulations are enforced effectively.
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act also forms a part of
the framework to protect the Nation's waters. It authorizes the Agency to regu-
late ocean dumping through the development of regulations and criteria and
through an ocean dumping permit program.
Efforts made in the last decade to implement these laws and improve surface
water quality are showing results. Existing water quality is being protected.
In many areas significant improvements have been made, resulting in reopened
public beaches and the return of valuable sport and commercial fisheries. Public
support for these efforts remains strong.
EPA intends to improve upon this record in 1983 and future years by target-
ing pollution abatement efforts toward the highest priority surface waters.
This approach will maximize the benefits achievable with available Federal,
State, local, and industry resources. In implementing this approach, the Agency
will ensure that its regulations are environmentally and economically justified
and will revise the regulations, ff necessary. He will be seeking to better
balance the economic and social costs of meeting regulatory abatement requirements
with the environmental benefits of such abatement efforts.
The Agency has instituted a number of administrative and regulatory reforms
to allow the States and local governments maximum flexibility to implement their
water quality programs to fit their needs. These reforms will allow the
resources to be directed at the priority water bodies where uses are being
threatened. Each program area, highlighted below, has been reformed to improve
implementation. Reporting has been simplified through streamlining or elimi-
nation. Better, simpler guidance is being, developed and will be disseminated
after review for scientific validity. He will increase and emphasize Coordi-
nation and integration of water programs to ensure results. An example of this
is the better utilization of water quality monitoring information for management
decisions in areas such as enforcement.
State,Assistance
The Agency has developed a funding strategy for grants in the water program
which recognizes that each State will maintain a base level program, but which
allows the balance of Federal support to be dedicated to meeting State-identified
WQ-7
-------
needs in priority stream segments. The 1983 funding guidance emphasizes using
Federal and State funds for programs which will achieve the greatest water qual-
ity benefits. EPA will also work with States to ensure integrated program man-
agement to meet State and National water quality needs; the most effective use
of Sections 106, 205(g), and 205(j) grant funds will be negotiated with each
State.
In 1983, EPA will also encourage better local financial planning and manage-
ment of Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). Major emphasis will be placed
pn encouraging grantees to demonstrate their financial, legal, and managerial
capability to construct, operate, and maintain treatment facilities with EPA
funding assistance and guidance materials. States will be encouraged to develop
user-oriented financial planning procedures that reflect the unique institutional
structures and financial powers of each State.
Criteria and Standards
In another important initiative, the Agency will implement two policies
which will enhance State flexibility in setting water quality standards and pro-
vide a better basis for determining pollution controls needed to meet local
water quality objectives.
First, the use attainability policy will focus State efforts on Devaluating
existing and designated uses to give greater consideration to the actual economic
and environmental attainability of existing water quality standards. Many water
quality standards were established without sufficient analysis of these factors.
Second, site-specific criteria procedures developed by the Agency will be used
by the States to set water quality standards based upon actual water quality
conditions and to protect species actually present, rather than relying solely
upon laboratory-derived criteria which may not reflect real-world conditions.
Together these policies will ensure that unnecessarily stringent controls are
not imposed on dischargers to meet standards that are not realistically achiev-
able.
Water quality research efforts in 1983 will supp9rt the implementation of
those policies and will expand the Agency's understanding of toxic pollutants in
the Nation's waterways.
Effluent Guidelines
A number of activities support the basic goal of restoring and maintaining
the "chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters" as
stated in the Clean Water Act. One of the key activities in 1983 is completion
of effluent guidelines for industrial dischargers. The development of scien-
tifically sound and economically feasible technology-based effluent standards
for industry is a vital element in the Nation's water pollution control program.
These effluent limitations, together with water quality standards, serve as the
basis for many industrial permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimi-
nation System (NPDES) and establish national pretreatinent requirements for the
most Important industries discharging into publicly owned treatment works; their
completion is important for State and Regional permit writers to have the engi-
neering and environmental data to issue Best Available Technology permits to
control toxic discharges and to control pertain discharges to POTWs.
For the majority of the industries cited in the Clean Water Act, effluent
limitations will have been promulgated by the close of 1982; limitations for
most of the retaining major primary industries will be promulgated in 1983. The
program will assure that regulations will be environmentally and economically
justifiable. For major regulations we will conduct rigorous regulatory impact
analyses which will estimate economic impact and social costs as compared to
environmental benefits.
WQ-8
-------
Water Quality Monitoring Strategy
In 1983, EPA will implement its water monitoring strategy. The strategy is
designed to more effectively use local, State, and Federal resources available
for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting physical, chemical, and biological
water quality data. The data will be used by the States to make site-specifiq
decisions in three areas: (1) adoption of site-specific water quality standards^
(2) analysis of abatement and control needs (considering economic as well as
environmental factors) for meeting water quality standards, and (3) measurement
of water quality trends at the local, State, and national level, as well as
assessment of program performance.
The strategy becomes increasingly important as technology-based effluent
controls such as Best Available Technology and secondary treatment for industrial
and municipal dischargers, respectively, are implemented. Site-specific deci-
sions for additional controls to meet local water quality objectives (as stated
in water quality standards) must be made using adequate, appropriate, and timely
data. Implementation of the water monitoring strategy is intended to meet that
need.
In support of the Agency's policy to upgrade the monitoring program,
research efforts will continue to develop and refine standardized laboratory
procedures for analyzing toxic pollutants.
ConstructionGrantsManagement
The recently enacted 1981 amendments to the Clean Water Act provide for a
more cost-effective and water quality based construction grants program. Long-
term Federal financial assistance requirements have been reduced significantly
from previous needs estimates as a result of these amendments.
As in 1982, the Agency in 1983 will continue a major effort to reorient the
management of the program away from Federal project decison-making and toward
oversight of delegated State program activities. The States are being given
maximum flexibility in carrying out delegation activities. EPA is working with
the States to assure that results are achieved in key program areas.
In 1983, Construction Grants program efforts will continue to reform and
simplify requirements based on Clean Mater Act provisions, increasing the number
of States with full delegation of program management responsibility and reducing
EPA's direct project management role to a level permitted by legislation and
sound financial management. In 1983, 46 States will have signed delegation
agreements; at least 25 of these States will have assumed full delegation of the
program. EPA will continue to be responsible for project management responsi-
bilities in the 11 remaining nondelegated States and Territories and for activi-
ties not yet delegated or nondelegable in other States.
Working with the States and the Corps of Engineers, EPA will ensure that
limited construction grants funds go to projects with the greatest water quality
and public health impact, that needed facilities are constructed and operated
cost-effectively, and that completed facilities continue to meet performance
requirements. Efforts will continue to complete projects expeditiously and to
eliminate audit resolution and project closeout backlogs. By the end of 1983,
over 6,100 projects will be completed and ,in operation, 1,250 of them in 1983.
Research and development efforts in the municipal wastewater program will
support the construction grants program in several ways in 1983. The Office of
Research and Development will evaluate innovative technologies currently on-
stream; develop new plant, equipment, and treatment system designs to upgrade
the operation of existing facilities; refine monitoring procedures to ensure the
accuracy and reliability of data on plant influents and effluents; and continue
research on cost-effective methods for disposing of municipal sludge.
WQ-9
-------
Permit Issuance and Compliance
The Agency will continue to issue second-round NPOES permits to point
sources, primarily industries discharging priority pollutants. Industrial per-
mits will be issued for industries where guidelines have been promulgated or
where no guidelines are scheduled and in areas with known or suspected impairment
of use attributable to water pollution. Additionally, emphasis will be placed
on issuance of resource-saving general permits which will be used to cover hun-
dreds of operations with similar discharges. These permits will be issued by
States having approved NPOES programs or by EPA's Regional offices in States
that have not received program approval. An objective will be to increase the
number of States requesting approval for administration of the NPDES program.
Additionally, the Agency will be revising the consolidated permit regulations to
streamline procedures, reduce unnecessary paperwork, and eliminate unnecessary
reporting requirements. The national pretreatment program will also be modified
as appropriate in light of a regulatory impact analysis evaluating the relative
costs and benefits of the program.
In 1983, the Agency will continue to focus on the compliance of municipal
sources as well as major industrial permittees. Program policies and implemen-
tation efforts affecting municipal compliance will be carefully coordinated
between the Grants, Enforcement, and Permits programs to assure compliance im-
provement in Federally funded facilities.
Where States have received NPDES program authority, the Agency will initiate
Federal enforcement actions to ensure compliance with the Clean Water Act, when
States request assistance or fail to act. The Agency will continue to monitor
compliance and initiate enforcement actions when necessary when States have not
accepted delegation of the NPDES program. Administrative remedies will be empha-
sized so that confrontational and resource- intensive litigation can be used as a
last resort only if other attempts at resolving compliance problems have failed.
Response
The Environmental Emergency Response program will continue to maintain a .24
hour per day capability to receive and respond to accidential releases of oil and
other petroleum products. (Spills of hazardous substances are covered under
Superfund.) Removal actions will be directed by Regional field personnel at
serious incidents for which the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to
clean up, or is incapable of providing adequate removal and for which State or
local authorities lack appropriate expertise or resources. The cleanup monitor-
ing program will continue to provide incentive for adequate removal by the re-
sponsible party, as well as serve as a mechanism for drawing State and local
agencies into directing removal themselves.
Ocean Disposal
The Ocean Program will continue implementation of requirements to designate
dredged spoil disposal sites, process applications and issue permits for ocean
dumping, and participate in the London Dumping Convention, In addition, the
Agency intends to implement a revised ocean disposal program which involves a
program of classifying wastes, developing appropriate environmental criteria,
designating safe dumpsites, and establishing suitable monitoring and dumpsite
management requirements. In support of the Agency's Ocean Dumping program,
research will focus on developing techniques for predicting ecological impacts
of ocean dumping.
WQ-10
-------
WATER QUALITY
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
1982 Water Quality Program
Salaries and Expenses ..
The net decrease primarily reflects the per-
sonnel reductions associated with progressive
delegation of construction grants management
to the States, the internal transfer of legal
resources to the Office of Legal and Enforce-
ment Counsel, and the completion of Agency re-
search in support of EPA litigation, effluent
guideline development, and municipal waste-
water reuse.
Research and Development
The net decrease reflects the progress In our
research work on priority pollutant studies,
urban runoff studies, pretreatment studies,
and municipal wastewater reuse projects, as
well as the completion of the research compo-
nent of the Great Lakes research program.
Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The net decrease reflects Agency commitments
to reorient the management of the Construction
Grants program away fron Federal decision
making and toward oversight of delegated State
programs and to avoid Issuance of second round
permits to dischargers for which a BAT guide-
line will later be issued. The reduction also
reflects the near completion of the guideline
development effort, a decline In Section
106 grants, the successful completion of the
Clean Lakes and Chesapeake Bay programs, the
implementation phase of the Great Lakes pro-
gram, and the internal EPA transfer of legal
enforcement activities.
1983 Water Quality Program.
(in thousandsof dollars)
$236,796.7
-12,926.7
-12,403.1
-25,501.2
$185,965.7
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
January 1982 Estimate....
January-March
Reorganization........
Repr ogramnri ngs
Congressional Actions.
(in thousands of dollars)
$297,534.0
-50,201.1
-1,095.8
-671.1
-8,622.0
WQ-11
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
A decrease of $14,296,100 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of $2,089,700 to
Research and Development was taken against the
March estimate to reflect the September 12%
reduction. Congressional add-ons of $2,822,000
for the Great Lakes Program ($994,000), manpower
planning and training ($1,478,000), and Advanced
Wastewater Treatment (AWT) Review ($350,000)
were applied to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Congressional add-ons of $1,500,000
for the Great Lakes Program was applied to the
Research and Development appropriation.
Congressional add-ons of $14,625,000 for the
Clean Lakes Program ($9,000,000), manpower plan-
ning and training ($2,625,000), academic train-
ing grants ($500,000) Chesapeake Bay Water
Quality Study ($1,000,000) and Great Lakes
Program ($1,500,000) were applied to the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Congress also restored $525,000 to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for the
environmental emergency response and prevention
program. An additional reduction of $11,708,200
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
($7,501,600), Research and Development ($280,200)
and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($3,926,400)
appropriations to meet Congressional ly mandated
appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority...... -147.3
A net decrease of $147,300 was transferred from
thi? program as follows: $532,700 was transferred
front Abatement, Control and Compliance; $2,126,500
from Research and Development; and $2,511,900 was
transferred to Salaries and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate.. $236,796.7
WQ-12
-------
MATER QUALITY
Program Levels
Budget
Actual Estimate
1981 1982
Clean Lakes Projects Awards .. 126 0
Clean Lakes Projects Completed 20 20
Ocean Dumping Permits............... 50 40
Construction Grants Awards 2,099 700
Step I Awards (549) (120)
Step II Awards ... (588) (250)
Step III & IV Awards.. (962) (330)
Active Construction Grants Projects.11,934 8,120
Step 3/2+3 Project Completion 602
Signed 205(g) Agreements 45 46
State Program Approvals
(National Pollutants)
Discharge Elimination System).
Adjudicatory Hearings Settled
(Major Sources)
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal--
Major
Minor....
33
48
245
115
NonmunicipaT
Major 229
Minor , 1,230
General 3
Enforcement Actions
(Administrative Orders),
Notices of Violation, &
Referrals to U.S. Attorney 808
33
38
986
940
Increase +
Current Decrease -
Estimate Estimate 1983
1982 1983 vs. 1982
20
40
40
693
(18)
(33)
(642)
35
92
350
"20
0
40
40
661
(661)
8,078 5,715
1,186 1,250
46 46
41
73
51
. « *
280
* *
15
Compliance Inspections., 2,800 2,417
720 760
2,200 2,300
-20
-32
(-18)
(-33)
(+19)
2,363
+64
+6
-19
+51
*
-70
* *
-5
+40
-58
WQ-13
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
198Z 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IH THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries X Expenses
Research 8 Development
Technical Information
ft Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
Monitoring Systems 8
Quality Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research ft Development
Health Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental
Processes & Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Chesapeake Bay Study
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
$1,092.5 $828.9 $814.6 $747,2
$434.2 $689,2 $674.7 $562.9
$214.0 $246.8 $214.8 $188.9
$7.4 $14.4 $14.0 $14.0
$541.1 -$206.1
$100.0 -$462.9
$230.1 $41.2
$100.0 $86.0
$2,633.9 $2,817.5 $2,791,0 $2,676.4 $2,057.9 -$618.5
$1,089.6 $943.5 $924.8 $688.8 -$688.8
$883.7 $1,084.5 $1,068.7 $948.6 $1,096.8 $148.2
$1,656.1 $2,155.9 $2,095.9 $1,671,5 $200.0 -$1,471.5
$7,395.9 $7,505.9 $7,283.9 $7,157.9 $6,217.4 -$940.5
$3,505.9 $3,339.1 $2,173.5 $1,992.5 $500.0 -$1,492.5
$382.3 $1,114.7
$2,503.0 $868.4
-------
HATER DUALITY
Mater Quality Non-Energy
Great Lakes Study
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Research ft Development
Water Quality Non- TOTAL
Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
£ Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Processes S Effects
Chesapeake Bay Study
Great Lakes Study
ACTUAL
1981
$776.4
$2,654.5
$13,378.7
$11,850.7
$25,229.4
15.2
3.0
51.8
12.6
146.2
5.8
.9
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS IN
$993.7
$611.9
$14,592.0
$8,622.4
$23,214.4
12.0
3.7
48.8
13.5
142.2
6.4
7.0
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
THOUSANDS)
$12,173.0
$5,882.9
$18,055.9
12.0
2.7
48.8
13.5
137.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
$994.0
$1,500.0
$12,713.0
$6,429.7
$19,142.7
10.0
2.7
44.8
13.0
130.7
ESTIMATE INCREASE
1983 DECREASE
1983 VS 198!
-$994.0
-$1,500.0
$10,143.3 -$2.569.7
$900.0 -$5,529.7
$11,043.3 -$8,099.4
5.5 -4.5
1.5 -1.2
33.7 -11.1
13.0
112.6 -18.1
-------
JO
«-i
Cft
WATER QUALITY
Hater Quality Mon-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
4 Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Processes 4 Effects
Chesapeake Day Study
Great Lakes Study
TOTAL WORKYEARS
241.5
26,8
4,0
66.2
21.7
210.5
7.6
10.7
347.S
233.fi 214.2
21.0 21.0
S.8 4.8
65,0 65.0
22.5 22.5
229.4 224.8
10.7
13.3
367.7 338.1
201.2 Ifi6.3 -34.9
18.5 13.0 -5.5
4.3 2.2 -2.1
62.0 44.9 -17.1
21.0 19.1 -1.9
213.3 184.0 -29.3
319.1 263.2 -55.9
-------
REVISED
WATER QUALITY
later Quality don-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,043,300 and 166.3 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $8,099,400 and 34.9 permanent workyears frm 1982.
Included In this total Is $10,143,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $900,000
for Research and Development, with decreases of $2,569,700 and $5,529,700,
respectively. These decreases reflect the completion of major efforts In de-
veloping criteria documents for the 65 priority pollutants and reduced Invest-
ments 1n long-term projects that have no Immediate Impact on current program
priorities.
Program Description
The Water Quality Research Progra« provides the scientific Information,
techniques, and support functions needed by EPA, State, and local pollution con-
trol agencies to address ambient water quality problems on a local or regional
basis from cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit perspectives. This research
trill allow the development of more scientifically valid, site-specific water
quality standards. Research efforts In this program are Intended to provide the
scientific base required by the States and EPA to provide a balance between
water quality goals and the costs Involved 1n achieving them. This scientific
base consists primarily of monitoring and measurement methods; techniques for
Identifying specific water quality requirements to achieve desired water uses;
techniques for translating water quality goals Into permissible waste discharges;
and techniques for evaluating the cost, benefits and risks of alternative pollu-
tion control and ultimate disposal schemes. These techniques are essential to
EPA, State, and local pollution control agencies In determining realistic water
quality objectives and in formulating environmentally effective and economically
viable pollution abatement measures.
SC lENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,526,700 for this program, of
which $1,092,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $434,200
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Research efforts 1n this program provide a range of health and ecological
hazard assessment services that describe the nature of the adverse effects asso-
ciated with Ingestlon of, or exposure to, mterborne pollutants.
One of the major accomplishments during the year was the completion of
analysis of 14 chemicals which will lead to the development of water quality
criteria documents. When published, these documents will be used by the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS) as a scientific basis for proposing
water quality criteria under Section 304 of the Clean Water Act. Additionally,
research was Initiated to ascertain the toxic effects of some organic compounds.
Waiver documents pertaining to Section 301(g) of the Act were also completed
during 1981 for the Enforcement office, to provide a scientific basis for evalu-
ating the merits of granting a waiver for wastewater discharge permits. Additional
scientific data was gathered to revise criteria documents for the 65 water pollu-
tants, which were essentially completed In 1980 to satisfy the mandates of the
Consent Decree. When criteria for these pollutants are approved, they will form
the basis for the development of water quality standards.
-------
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,518,100 $1,489,300 $1,310,100
The net decrease of -$208,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - Harch. (-$28,800) This change represented a decrease of
$28,800 fromthe January budget, of which 514,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $14,500 was for Research and Development.
- Reprogramming. (-$67,400) This Agency-wide reprograiwfng of -$3,300
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogramming was included in a let-
ter to Congress on December 16, 1982.)
Additionally, during the development of the operating plan, several
miscellaneous reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress, were
made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$64,100.
- Congressional Actions. (-$111,800) A reduction of -$111,800 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 1.2% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation and final Congressional action on our
1982 Appropriation Bill.
l_98_2_Prggrani
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,310,100 and 10.0 permanent
work-years to this program, of which $747,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5562,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research efforts in 1982 include: developing additional scientific data to
assess cancer causing properties of some of the priority pollutants listed in
the Consent Decree; developing new procedures for ascertaining toxlcity of pollu-
tants under field conditions; and ascertaining additional toxicity data for water
quality documents.
Research efforts also include the development of a scientific approach
to evaluate the efficacy of existing water quality criteria In the presence of
several chemicals. EPA and the States will use the approach to issue discharge
permits when multiple chemicals are present in the waterways.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $641,100 and 5.5 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $541,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $100,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects decreases of $206,100 and $462,900, respectively.
The reductions result from the expected completion of all major work on water
quality documents and health risk assessments of a selected number of organic
chemicals.
The research program in 1983 will concentrate on completing a number of
health assessment and criteria documents which the Office of Water will use to
develop site-specific water quality criteria. Research efforts will also focus
on the development of a lower cost, short-term test method for waterborne pollu-
tants. The Office of Water will use this method to derive human health effects
WQ-18'
-------
data and for screening water samples for the presence of pollutants that cause
cancer in humans. Additionally, health effects data will be analyzed and incor-
porated in risk assessments. These assessments are required to support and to
revise existing criteria. Health hazard assessments and screening evaluations
of water pollutants will also be undertaken.
The Agency will work with the States in reviewing and updating existing water
quality standards. A methodology, under development In 1982, applying existing
criteria to complex pollutant mixture conditions fs scheduled for completion in
1983. This methodology will help EPA and the States to establish water quality
standards for non-conventional pollutants.
TECHNICALINFORMATIOMAMDLIAISON '
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget sub-
activity are Indicated in the program element description below.
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $221,400 for this program, of which
$214,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Specific accomplishments included: coordinating presentation of nine work-
shops on environmental assessment which used water quality models for watershed
and stream management, assisting the Clean Lakes Program in preparing a program
guidance manual, and preparing several lake restoration technology publications.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$261,200 $228,800 $202,900
The net decrease of -558,300 results from several actions as follows:
" January - March. (-$32,400) This change represented a decrease of
$32,400 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
This decrease had no significant effect on this program.
- Congressional Actions. (-$25,900) An additional reduction of -$25,900
was applied io theSalaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional-
ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $202,900 and 2.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $188,900 Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $14,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Specific activities underway in Hater Quality Include: coordinating three
workshops on environmental assessment using water quality models to develop
water quality management plans, preparing a handbook on conducting water quality
surveys, and developing wasteload allocation models. This program also manages
Information systems that track the Office of Research and Development's projects
and resources.
WQ-19
-------
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $330,100 and 1.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $230,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $100,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects increases of $41,200 and $86,000, respectively.
The increases will enable the program to increase the production of scientific
and technical information to fulfill a growing demand by State and local officials
and the general public for literature concerning the quality of the Nation's
water resources.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials in support of
their increased role in administering environmental programs. Specific projected
outputs include: water quality analyses, guidelines to establish site-specific
criteria, watershed modelling techniques, and wasteload allocation procedures.
MONITORIMG SYSTEMS AKD QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,723,500 for this program, of which
$2,633,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,089,600 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The program provides water quality monitoring procedures and advice to
Federal, State, and local officials. The program also provides quality assurance
methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.
Major accomplishments Included the following:
- Standards for water quality analysis were distributed to laboratories.
- Water quality networks to monitor priority toxic pollutants were published.
- In-stream investigations of twelve sites with high concentrations of toxic
substances was completed.
1982 Exj^lanatlon^^p Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,761,000 $3,715,800 $3,365,200
The net decrease of -$395,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$45,200) This change represented a decrease of
of $45,2tJo from the January budget, of which $26,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $18,700 was for Research and Development. This decrease had
no significant effect on this program.
~ Deprogramming. (+$68,500) A transfer of +$360,200 into this program
wili provide for the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) effort.
A second reprogramnrlng (-5422,500) transferred funds out of this program
to perform chemical analysis of samples collected during the conduct of
transport and fate research. These analyses were formerly performed within
the monitoring systems and quality assurance activity. However, with the
Issuance of a Memorandum of Understanding by the Assistant Administrator
for Research and Development, it was agreed that the monitoring research
WQ-20
-------
function will concentrate on the development of new sampling methods and
techniques. Once completed, the methods will be passed on to the user
population. Since this particular requirement utilizes existing techniques,
the work is more appropriately performed by the environmental processes and
effects program.
An Agency-wide reprograinmimj (-$14,200) orovided resources for transfer
of the accountability function to the Office of Management Systems and
Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional resources for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency
Response.
These three reprogrammings above, totalling -$76,500, were included 1n
a letter to Congress on December 16, 1982.
Additionally, during the development of the operating plan, several mis-
cellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made
to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +5145,000.
- CongressionalActions. (-$419,100) A reduction of -$276,400 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation resulting in the decision to delay
inorganic methods research 1n ambient water quality waters and to delay
evaluation of methods suitable for monitoring brackish and marine waters.
An additional reduction of -5142,700 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (Mo change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$139,000 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$139,000 to Salaries and Expense for printing of methods manuals,
laboratory supplies, and equipment, and other critical expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,365,200 and 44.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 52,676,400 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
anproprlation and $688,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research activities Include:
- Reference methods for priority toxic pollutants, hazardous substances
and chlorinated organics are being completed.
- A bioassay protocol, applicable to monitoring industrial effluent plumes
and ambient water quality, is being developed. The protocol has been
tested in two streams and will be standardized in 1982.
- Distribution of quality control samples to ensure the accuracy of water
quality measurements is continuing.
- Existing water quality monitoring networks are being statistically evalu-
ated to ascertain their adequacy in trend monitoring as well as their
ability to detect episodic events.
- Specialized support is being provided to enforcement, Regional and pro-
gran offices.
WQ-21
-------
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,057,900 and 33.7 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which Is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This reflects decreases of 5618,500 and $688,800, respectively. These decreases
reflect the Agency's cooperative agreements with States in which they will per-
form those functions where they have more knowledge and greater expertise. EPA
will perform research in those areas where there is national application.
In 1983, special attention will be given to the development of accurate and
reliable monitoring methods to improve the scientific quality of data. This data
is vital in supporting the Agency's monitoring strategy, which Is designed to
assess the Nation's water quality, to enable State and Agency program managers to
better understand the cause and effect relationships of environmental problems.
and to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures.
the 1983 program proposes the following:
- Standardization of rapid and inexpensive biological screening tests.
- Development of chemical monitoring methods for newly identified toxic
pollutants.
- Improvement of techniques for extraction, concentration, separation,
identification, and measurement of organic and inorganic materials bound
to sediment or participates.
- Provision of 1n vitro biological calibration materials.
- Support of auality assurance to ensure development of a sound data base
through Interlaboratory validation testing of analytical methods for
priority pollutants.
- Analysis of present national and selected State monitoring network
designs.
- Evaluation of analytical techniaues which detect reduced concentrations
of toxic substances.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency allocated a total of $2,539,800 for this program, of
which $883,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,656,100
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, the Health Effects program collected the following data to sup-
port the develooment of Criteria documents for the 65 priority pollutants:
naphthalene's behavioral, reproductive, and Imnunologic effects; toxicologies!,
reproductive, and behavioral effects of two pollutants; toxlcological data on
six chemical compounds; and carcinogenclty data on polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs).
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,240,400 $37IS4TBOT $2»6ZO,TO
The net decrease of -5620,300 results from several actions, as follows:
WQ-22
-------
- March. (-575,800) This change represented a decrease of
575,800 from !ihT~ January budget, of which $15,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 560,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease had
no significant effect on this program.
- Congressional Actions. (-$544,500) A reduction of -$424,400 was taken
against "the Ma'rclj estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation and final Congressional action on
our 1982 Appropriation Bill. An additional reduction of -$120,100 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional!./
mandated appropriation levels.
1982'Program
In 1982, the Aqency is allocating a total of 52,620,100 and 13.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $948,600 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,671,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development aopropriation.
The overal1 goal of the water qua!1ty health research program is to pro-
vide the health science information, techniques, and support functions needed
by the EPA Office of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS), and by State and
local pollution control agencies to achieve the Agency goal of addressing
ambient water quality problems on a local or regional basis from a cost-effec-
tiveness and risk-benefit perspective. This approach will permit departure
from the use of uniform national water quality standards as a basis for esta-
blishing pollution control requirements.
In 1982, the water quality health research efforts will concentrate on
human health effects of several priority water quality pollutants. The initial
research employs studies such as whole animal and animal cell, bacterial or animal
tissue test-tube (i_n_ vitro) tests for genetic changes or presumptive cancer-causing
effects. Positive results 1n these critical health factors will result in lowest
possible control levels and further testing becomes considerably less important.
If the first studies are negative, then acute and chronic target-organ toxicity
evaluations, reproductive and birth defect assestnents. and determinations of
effects on the immune (and other host defenses) systems will be performed»
In addition, final evaluation of recreational waters is being completed in
1982 and reported in terms of degree of hazard to human health from swimming OF
other forms of body-contact recreation at various levels of water pollution. A
freshwater recreational criteria document is being prepared. It should help
establish the level of safety and the relative importance of each type of pathogen.
The program will also provide health expertise to OWRS to assist in assessing
waters with high concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals (toxic hot spots).
Short tern tests for a variety of health endpoints such as genetic effects, cancer,
birth defects and reproductive and target-organ toxicities are being developed
and validated for field applications to be used in evaluation of water quality
problem areas. A manual of health effects tests for toxic hot spots Is being
preoa red.
1983 Progratn Request
The Agency requests a total of SI,296,800 and 13.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 51,096,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and 5200,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects an Increase of 5148,200 and a decrease of $1,471,500,
respectively. The increase reflects greater employment of the Agency's scientific
expertise in this program. With the anticipated completion of the major effort in
developing water quality criteria documents pertaining to the 65 priority pollu*
tants, a relatively small extramural amount is needed for this program in 1983 to
complete some health studies.
WQ-23
-------
A few of the water quality documents pertaining to the 65 priority pollutants
have received some criticism for insufficient health data to support setting
health-based standards. Research efforts in 1983 are designed to fill data gaps
Identified for some of the priority pollutants.
The 1983 program will also focus on conducting toxicologlcal tests to address
questions the Office of Water Regulations and Standards has on individual com-
pounds. Among the 65 water quality criteria documents, there were certain
pollutants for which data needs validation. For another dozen pollutants {mostly
chlorinated phenols), there was only sufficient data to set criteria based on
taste and odor.
These activities are designed to support the water planning and enforce-
ment functions. Additionally, research efforts will be devoted to developing
short-term tests for acute toxic effects. Investigations of waters with high
concentrations of toxic chemicals will continue. Research will also continue
in the development of more lower cost methods for screening water samples for
the presence of toxic chemicals.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $10,901,800 for this program, of which
$7,395,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,505,900
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The major activities of this program element are development of the scienti-
fic base needed by EPA and the States In selecting reasonable ecological goals in
fresh and marine waters and translating those goals into equitable source control
requirements. This scientific base consists primarily of protocols and guides
for: (1) identifying highest water uses potentially attainable at a given site;
(2) deriving realistic site-specific ecological quality criteria; (3) translating
ambient water quality goals Into equitable source control requirements; and (4)
evaluating the costs and benefits of alternative freshwater and marine pollution
control strategies.
Major accomplishments in 1981 were the following:
- Completion of data analysis on ecological effects of selected priority
toxic pollutants. This completion allowed the preparation of water qua-
lity criteria documents.
- Completion of a draft protocol for deriving site-soecific ecological
fresh water quality criteria. The purpose of this protocol Is to provide
for modification 1n the national criteria in order to make them more
applicable to site-specific conditions.
- Completion of an assessment on the ecological effects of urban runoffs.
The Water Planning Division uses the information to assess the efficacy
of existing urban nonpolnt source control techniques.
* Completion of a report on "Effects of Contaminated Sediments on Represen-
tative Estuarfne Species and Developing Benthic Communities.11 The Dredge
and Fill Program uses this information to formulate policies pertaining
to wetlands.
» - Completed a report on "Predicting and Avoiding Degradation of Natural Water
Bodies by the Toxicologlcal Effects of Relocating Sediments." The Dredge
and Fill Program also uses this information to formulate policies.
VJQ-24
-------
1982 Explanationof Changesfrom January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Effimate.
$10,845,000 $9,457,400 $9,150,400
The net decrease of -$1,694,600 results from several actions, as follows:
~ *jfinu-ry " Harcn' (-$11-387,600) This change represented a decrease of
of SI ,387,600 from the January budget, of which $222,000 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,165,600 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the termination of the Clean Lakes research efforts and the
renewable resources program.
~ ^Programming. (+$379,500) One Agency-wide reprogramrfng provided re-
sources forthe transfer of the accountability function to the Office of
Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Empergency Response. (-$43,000) A second transfer into this pro-
gram is to perform chemical analysis of samples collected during the conduct
of transport and fate research. These analyses were formerly performed with-
in the monitoring systems and quality assurance activity. (+$422,500) (The
two reprogrammings above, totalling +$379,500, were included in a letter to
Congress on December 16, 1981.)
Sltg'l?' (-5625,500) An additional reduction of -$625,500
'"to Hie Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$61,000) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$181,000 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$120,000 to Salaries and Expenses to support travel for coop-
erative efforts with other labs; to move equipment; for printing of users
manuals; for repair services; for lab supplies; for equipment replacement;
and for ADP mathematical modeling activities; and other critical expenses.
1982Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,150,400 and 130.7 oernanent
workyears to this program, of which $7,157,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,922,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The Environmental Processes and Effects program in 1982 focuses on the
following research efforts to support the Office of Water Programs' activities;
- Work is continuing on the development of guides for translating the
laboratory-derived water quality (ecological) criteria to the real world,
site-specific conditions. These are needed to ensure the promulgation
of reasonable and valid State and Federal water quality standards.
- Research is continuing on improvement of watershed analysis models. EPA
and the States need these models 1n calculating wasteload allocations for
toxic pollutants and in assessing exposure levels.
- Investigation continues on the transport and fate of pollutants from ocean
outfalls. The Office of Water Program will use the information to Identify
problem areas.
- Staff is reviewing requests for modifications in waste treatment require-
ments under Section 301(h) of the Clean Water Act. The Office of Water
Program Operations will use reviews to make adjustments.
WQ-25
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1933 Prograpijtequest
The Agency requests a total of $6,717,400 and 112.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,217,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $500,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects decreases of $940,500 and $1,492,500, respectively.
The decreases result from reductions in long-term research efforts, that have no
immediate impact on current planning and regulatory needs.
In 1983, the program will emphasize the development and refinement of techni-
ques to support the Agency's policies in water quality management; namely, water
quality use attainability and development of site-specific criteria. These
policies will give the States greater flexibility in establishing realistic
water quality standards and will have the potential of reducing costs to meet
discharge limitations.
The Environmental Processes and Effects research program will provide data,
guidelines, and procedures to implement the Office of Water Programs' regulatory
policies. Specific activities are as follows:
- Provide guidelines for deriving site-specific water quality criteria for
toxic pollutants.
- Provide procedures for determining highest water uses attainable through
water quality improvements (and especially to identify where nonwater
quality factors prevent attainment of "fishable/swimmable" waters).
- Develop water quality predictive techniques for use by State and local
agencies.
- Apply water quality predictive models to develop cost-effective pollution
control measures.
- Provide procedures for predicting and detecting ecological impacts from
ocean discharges.
- Assist the Office of Water Programs in the review of requests from muni-
cipalities for reductions in waste treatment requirements under Section
301(h) of the Clean Water Act.
CHESAPEAKE BAY STUDY
1981 Accoiiipl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,885,300 for this program, of which
$382,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,503,000 was
for extramural purooses under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program provided the scientific base needed to resolve four problem
areas associated with Chesapeake Bay: (1) toxic substances, (2) submerged aquatic
vegetation, (3) eutrophication, and (4) the Bay environmental management process.
Major accomplishments in 1981 were:
- Baseline concentrations of significant toxic pollutants in Bay sediments
were characterized. This information was useful in assessing the signifi-
cance of sediment deposits as a secondary source of toxicants, the extent
to which toxic pollutants may enter the food chain via bottom feeding
oraanisms, and the potential impact of contaminated sediments on submerged
aquatic vegetation.
- A report was completed giving a methodology for selecting predictive models
for analyzing eutrophication 1n Bay watersheds.
WQ-26
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- A report was completed that reviews historical water quality and climatic
data from the Bay. This Information is useful in determining the rela-
tionship between nutrient levels and Bay eutrophlcation.
1982 Explanation of Changes froiti January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate . Estimate Estimate
51.983,100 ,...
The net decrease of -51,983,100 results from the following action:
~ January-March. (-$1,983,100) This change represented a decrease of
of 5i,^SI,Mu-from the January budget, of which $1,114,700 was for Salaries
and Expenses and 5868,400 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the termination of the Chesapeake Bay research program.
19B2 Program
Since all fundamental research work was completed for the Chesapeake Bay, the
Agency did not request any research resources for this program in 1982. Howev,er,
$1,973,900 and 4.8 permanent woricyears were provided under the Abatement, Control,
end Compliance appropriation to compile and disslminate the research results of
this program.
1983 Program Request
Since all fundamental research work and the dissemination of research results
have been completed, the Agency requests no resources for this program In 1983.
GREAT LAKES STUDY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Aqency used a total of J3,430,900 for this program, of which
5776,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,654,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program provides the scientific base needed In resolving water quality
problem in the Great Lakes as required to meet United States commitments in the
United States-Canada Water Quality Agreement. Major concerns are: (l)the presence
of persistent toxic pollutants in the water, bottom sediments, fish and possibly
humans who are consuming contaminated fish; (2) the verification of nutrient/
phytoolankton models used to develop phosphorus loading targets that are incor-
porated into the revised Agreeenent; and (3) impacts of open lake disposal of
dredged material.
Major accomplishments in 1981 were:
- An assessment was completed of the atmospheric contributions of phosphorus,
PCBs, and heavy metals to the upper Great Lakes. This information is needed
in determining the relative significance of the various pollution sources
and the most cost-effective strategy for reducing overall loadings to the
Lakes to a level that will allow attainment of water quality goals.
- Assessments of alternative nutrient management strategies were completed
for Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, using previously developed eutrophication
models. This effort supports work underway to identify the most cost-
effective way of achieving nutrient loading targets.
WQ-27
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- A study of Saginaw Bay was completed to assess the accuracy of eutrophica-
tion models used In the development of nutrient management strategies that
have since been implemented. This type of information is needed in order
to verify the accuracy and precision of these models, used in making multi-
million dollar decisions on pollution control requirements.
- A predictive assessment was completed of expected water quality impacts from
several alternative approaches to the disposal of polluted dredge materials
in the Great Lakes. A disposal scheme expected to minimize the impacts was
recommended and is now being implemented.
1982 Explanation ofChangesfrom JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
SI,605,600 .... .SZ,494,000
The net increase of +$888,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$1,605,600) This change represented a decrease of
of si ,605,600 from the January budget, of which 5993,700 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $611,900 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the termination of the Great Lakes research program.
- Congressional Actions. (+$2,494,000) The Congressional add-on to this
activity wascomprised of an increase of +$994,000 to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and +$1,500,000 to the Research and Development
appropriation for the Great Lakes research program.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,494,000 to this program,
Of which $994,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 11,500,000
is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The Great Lakes research program In 1982 is concentrating on the following
activities:
- Characterizing and modeling the sources; fate, pathways, and effects
of persistent toxic substances. This data is needed to identify necessary
pollutant reductions to adequately protect human health, fishery resources,
and wildlife in the Great Lakes Basin.
- Verifying the accuracy and precision of predictive models used in develop-
ing phosphorus loading targets that are incorporated into the revised
United States-Canada Water Quality Agreement.
- Validating techniques under natural conditions. These techniques are deve-
loped for use in the rapid assessment of Impacts from dredging bottom sedi-
ments and the disposal of polluted dredged material.
1983 Progran Request
Since all eutrophication research work, the primary mission of this program,
has been completed, the Agency requests no research resources for this program
in 1983. Since the program is a joint effort with the Canadian government,"the
Agency requests S3,813,500 and 10.8 permanent workyears under the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation to implement the research findings in abating
pollution in the Great Lakes.
WQ-28
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Hastewater-Hon-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDSJ
I
Technical Information
t Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Monitoring Systems $
Quality Assurance
Salaries * Expenses
Research * Development
Health Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Environmental
Engineering fi
Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
Municipal Wastewater TOTAL
Non-Energy
$304,0
$5.1
$524.0
$261.1
$377,1
$248.0
$525.4
$392.1
$377.1
$248.0
$517.8
$384.4
$302.4
$1.6
$239.1
$280.0
$808.3 $871.4 $859.6 $967.0 $1,018.8
$1,689.5 $2,241.2 $2,178.2 $2,031.2 $1,232.9
-$63.3
$278.4
$51.8
-$798.3
$4,969.7 $5,870.3 $5,615.7 $5,900.4 $4,256.9 -$1,643.5
$6,176.3 $10,104.6 $9,204.1 $7,365.8 $4,604.1 -$2,761.7
$6,605.0 $7,644.2 $7,370.2 $7,169.8 $5,514.8 -$1,655.0
$8,132.0 $12,985.9 $12,014.7 $9,398.6 $6,117.0 -$3,281.6
$14,738.0 $20,630.1 $19,384.9 $16,568.4 $11,631.8 -$4,936.6
-------
I
MATER QUALITY
Municipal Hastewater-Non-Ehergy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME KORKYEARS
Technical Information
S Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
4.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 3.2 -2.1
6.7 6.6 6.6
15.4 17.3 17.3 15.3 15.3
105.6 116.3 109.3 97.3 65.9 -31.4
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
132.5
145.5
138.5
117.9
84.4
-33.5
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Haste*ater-Non-Energy
TOTAL WGRKYEARS
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
ACTUAL
1981
8.6
12.0
17.7
126.4
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
8.6
11.8
26.6
136.4
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
8.6
11.8
26.6
129.4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
8.6
23.1
114.9
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
4.8 -3.8
23.7 .6
78.1 -36.8
a Technology
TOTAL WQRKYEARS 164.7 183.4 176.4 146.6 106.6 -40.0
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,631,800 and 84.4 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $4,936,600 and 33.5 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
1n this total is $5,514,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $6,117,000 for Research
and Development, with decreases of $1,655,000 and $3,281,600, respectively. These
decreases result mainly from expected completions of major projects In health
effects research and from reduced Investments In low priority sewage treatment
projects.
Program Description
The broad goal of the Municipal Wastewater research program is to furnish
environmental engineering support to the States and municipalities to carry out
their wastewater control programs effectively and economically. The program
objectives are to: (1) provide scientific and technical expertise to states
and municipalities in solving local problems with state-of-the-art control tech-
nologies; (2) accelerate and encourage the use of Innovative and Alternate (I/A)
technologies by providing technical support, technology transfer and assess-
ments of emerging technologies to states, municipalities and design engineers;
(3) develop improved process design data and provide information that reduces
construction and operating costs as well as Improves performance, reliability
and efficiency of publicly owned treatment works; and (4) provide health effects
data and assessments associated with various treatment technologies.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those Tech-
nical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research and
development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget sub-
activity are indicated 1n the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $309,100 for this program, of which
$304,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Specific products in 1981 for the Municipal Wastewater area included:
- The preparation, publication, and dissemination of a revised technology
transfer design manual on land treatment of municipal wastewater.
- Conduct of seminars and conferences to exchange information on the
following subjects: conservation of publicly-supplied potable water;
small alternative wastewater systems; innovation in the environmental
technology Industry; sludge treatment and disposal.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$625,100 $625,100 $304,000
The net decrease of -$321,100 results from several actions, as follows:
WQ-32
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(-$225,000) During the development of the operating plan*
several mTscenneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of -$225,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$75,900) An additional reduction of -$75,900
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropiation levels.
- Transfer Authority, (-$20,200) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$21,400 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$1,200 to Salaries and Expenses for funding of essential opera-
ting costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $304,000 and 5.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $302,400 is under the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $1,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research
and Development appropriation.
Specific products planned in 1982 for the Municipal Wastewater area
include:
- The preparation, publication, and dissemination of technology
transfer design manuals on land application of sludge and
municipal sludge dewatering.
- Conduct of seminars and conferences to exchange information on the
following subjects: municipal wastewater disinfection; operation and
maintenance of Publicly-Owned Treatment Works; and the assessment and
evaluation of emerging Innovative and Alternative Technologies.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $519,100 and 3.2 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $239,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$280,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This reflects a decrease of $63,300 and an increase of $278,400, respec-
tively. The decrease results from organizational changes to rake the program
more cost-efficient. The increase will be used to purchase outside support and
automated systems to fulfill the Information needs of State and local authorities.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will focus on provid-
ing Information and guidance to State and local officials for more reliable and
efficient operation and maintenance of sewage treatment works. Additionally, the
program will stress providing the necessary technical information to State and
local officials In support of their increased role 1n administering environmental
programs.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $785,100 for this program, of which
5524,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $261,100 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
This program furnishes the engineering and technology support for the
Agency's Oil and Special Materials Control Division within the newly created
office of Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention. The program pro-
vides engineering designs, equipment development, field control techniques,
and on-scene technical assistance for the control and mitigation of spills of
hazardous materials.
HQ-33
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The Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance program in 1981 had the.follow-
ing major outputs:
- Prepared ten Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure studies
and five oil spill contingency studies.
- Provided acquisition and analysis of aerial photography to the
oil and hazardous spills program and to the Environmental Impact
Statement Program.
- Analyzed aerial photography of industrial sites for the Regions
and program offices.
1982Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$917,500 $902,200
The net decrease of -5917,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- January -March. (-$15,300) The change represented a decrease of $15,300
from the January budget, of which $7,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$7,700 was for Research and Development. This decrease had no significant
effect on this program.
" Reprogramniing. (-5902,200) A reprogrammi ng out of this element of
5360,ZW wt11 provide support for the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
effort in the monitoring systems and quality assurance program. A second
reprogramming out of this element of $542,000 will support the hazardous
waste program. A major portion of the old municipal program concerned
aerial surveillance research to support spills. These efforts are now
closely related to the objectives of that program. (The two reprogrammings
above, totalling -$902,200, were included in a letter to Congress on December
16, 1981).
1982 Program
In 1982, resources for this program are budgeted as part of the Hazardous
Waste research program.
1983 ProgramRequest
In 1983, resources for this program are requested as part of the Hazardous
Waste research program.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,497,800 for this program, of which
$808,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,689,500 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, the Health Effects research program had significant accomplish-
ments in the areas of land application of sludge atid land treatment of wastewater.
Sludge application to land is a major concern because it is believed that the
cadmium content of sewage sludge used on agricultural lands may have adverse
human health effects. Pollution control programs must know the potential for
increasing the human body burden of cadmium caused by eating foods grown on
sludge treated soils. With this objective in mind, the absorption of cadmium
by vegetables was studied in 1981.
WQ-34
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In the area of land treatment of wastewater, a study was completed 1n 1981
which examined the levels of exposure to microorganisms in wastewater aerosols.
A method for predicting the transport of these microorganisms from spray irriga-
tion sites was also developed. The dispersion model developed in this study was
shown to produce satisfactory results when used to predict aerosol concentrations
of microorganisms. Use of this model with minimal monitoring is a viable alterna-
tive to extensive aerosol monitoring, and 1s significantly less expensive.
Also in this same area a study to examine the uptake of human viruses from
plants grown at wastewater treatment sites was completed. Results indicate that
unless the plant roots are damaged and a very large dose of viruses applied, no
significant uptake of viruses occur. These data show that health hazards
associated with root uptake from agriculture grown at wastewater land treatment
sites are very unlikely.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,112,600 $3,037,800 $2,998,200
The net decrease of -$114,400 results from several actions, as follows:
~ January - March. (-$74,800) This change represented a decrease of
$74,BOd from the January budget, of which $11,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $63,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease had
no significant effect on this program.
- Con gressional Acti ons. (-$39,600) An additional reduction of -$39,600
was applied to ttie Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
*> Transfer Authority (Mo Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of $147,000 to Research and Development and an in-
crease of $147,000 to Salaries and Expenses for critical expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2.998.200 and 15.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $967,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,031,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The Municipal Wastewater health program in 1982 focuses on four primary
areas: (1) Land treatment of wastewater, (2) Wastewater aquaculture, (3) Land
application of sludge, and (4) Uastewater reuse.
First, in the land treatment area, epidemiological studies of human infec-
tious disease are being carried out at land treatment sites in Texas and Israel.
Research 1s progressing on the fate of intestinal pathogens during wastewater
pretreatment, particularly in wastewater stabilization ponds (holding ponds,
lagoons). This research 1s to be expanded to include study of the soil matrix
under various environmental conditions. Studies are also determining the
consequent entry of bacterial and viral pathogens into groundwater and the food
chain.
Second, products from aquaculture treatment systems will be evaluated for
the presence of harmful toxic organics (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls) trace
elements (e.g., cadmium), and human pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria).
This research is Important in determining the potential health problems from
human consumption of food products (fish and shrimp) grown in aquaculture
wastewater treatment systems.
WQ-35
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Third, land application of sludge to food chain crops has the potential of
causing disease in humans from either microbial pathogens or toxic pollutants by
exposure through direct contact, bioaccuwilation In food products, or groundwater
contamination. Current research Is determining the public health hazard of
exposure to microbial pathogens as a result of land application of sludge. The
bioaccumulation of toxic organics and heavy metals In plants and animals grown
on sludge amended soil Is being further clarified. Animal feed crops grown on
sludge amended soil have shown Increased metal concentrations In certain organs
as well as evidence of reproductive effects. This data is being evaluated and
confirmed. The data will be used by the program office in developing safe guide-
lines for sludge disposal.
Fourth, In wastewater reuse, methodology is being developed to isolate,
concentrate and identify both toxic organics and viruses fron wastewater pro-
cesses for reuse. These methods are an important step needed to measure and
identify possible agents of concern in wastewater processes for reuse.
Pro jiram Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,251,700 and 15.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,018,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,232,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation. This reflects an increase of $51,800 and a decrease of
$798,300, respectively. The increase reflects greater utilization of inhouse
capabilities. The decrease results from this shift to inhouse research and
elimination of some low priority projects.
In 1983, the Health Research program will concentrate on the development
of health effects Information needed for the effective treatment, conversion,
utilization and disposal of municipal sludge. This Information is needed to
support the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulatory effort of
the Office of Solid Waste and provides health information for assessments of
of technology needed to implement the Construction Grants Program in a cost-
effective and environmentally safe manner.
Research wfll also concentrate on producing data for use In preparing a
health assessment of municipal sludge use on land. Additionally, a determina-
tion of the fate and Health effects of organic compounds occurring in food crops
grown on sludge amended soils will be made so that the effects of Increased
human dietary Intake of these compounds can be more accurately evaluated. A
document summarizing our past research on the health effects of cadmium in humans
will be prepared. This document will include data on cadmium levels in the
diet, indicators of cadmium bloaccumulation in humans, and the effects of cadmium
on the health of individuals exposed to high levels of cadmium in their diets.
This effort will support the development of regulations for sludge disposal
under RCRA and the Clean Mater Act.
Health Effects research on the public health problems associated with
Innovative and Alternative (I/A) technologies, such as high rate sludge land
application and aquaculture treatment, will be intensified. When sludge is
applied to land at an Increased rate, there is more potential for groundwater
or surface water contamination due to increased runoff and overloading of the
natural (soil column) treatment system. For this reason, a report on the
survival of enteric pathogens in the soil matrix under various environmental
conditions will be prepared- Efforts to produce an assessment of the uptake of
various contaminants (organics, metals, and pathogens) in products produced from
the use of aquaculture treatment systems for sludge and wastewater will be
increased.
MQ-36
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Finally, although the health assessments for the land application of
municipal wastewater will be completed in early 1982, we have been asked by the
Office of Water Program Operations to initiate an update of this document
periodically. Therefore, a small level of effort will be made to collect
additional, new data which would improve the health assessment document
currently being written.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
1981 Aecompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $11,146,000 for this program,
of which $4,969,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,176,300 was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
The Environmental Engineering and Technology program had major accomplish-
ments in the following four areas in 1981: (1) innovative and alternative
technology, (2) land treatment of municipal wastewater, (3) sludge management,
and (4) plant operation and design.
For the Innovative and alternative (I/A) technology research program, fifty
detailed technical reviews of innovative technology projects were completed in
1981 for the Regions and States. These projects were recommended for funding by
the Construction Grants Program. In order to Increase the use of innovative
technology by the States, municipalities and consulting firms, assessments were
completed and reports produced for the following emerging technologies: Deep
Shaft Biological Process, Vertical Tube Reactor, Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment,
Solar Thermal Energy Applications in Wastewater Treatment and Fine Bubble Diffus-
ers. These detailed engineering evaluations address process theory and design,
energy consumption, capital, operation and maintenance costs and the potential
market of the new technology.
In 1981, the land treatment research program completed a second edition of
a process design manual on land treatment of municipal wastewater. The U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture and the Office of Water Research
and Technology, Department of the Interior, were also involved in this cooperative
effort. This manual provides the consulting engineer, State and Federal regula-
tory personnel and others with the latest design information on slow rate,
rapid infiltration and overland flow systems and will be helpful in evaluating
the cost-effectiveness of these technologies for treating wastewater on a site-
specific basis.
The sludge management research program completed a study that investigated
the application of a new mesophlllc-thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion
process that can reduce the volume of sludge by 30 percent in existing plants
having major sludge treatment and disposal problems.
Based on the results of the comprehensive surveys conducted over a three
and a half year period, the plant operation and design program developed a
Composite Correction Program (CCP) to improve existing plant performance with-
out incurring major capital construction costs. The purpose of the CCP is to
eliminate all the performance limiting factors at a plant through the Imple-
mentation of the correction recommendations that are made as a part of the
comprehensive evaluation. The CCP was successfully demonstrated at several
facilities. USEPA's Office of Enforcement adopted the CCP approach in 1981 for
widespread use as a part of Its national enforcement strategy for publicly owned
treatment works.
WQ-37
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$15,974,900 $14,819,800 $13,266,200
The net decrease of -$2,708,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January «- March. (-$1,155,100) This change represented a decrease of
$1,155,100 from the January budget, of which $254,600 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $900,500 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in a reduced level of effort in process development for water reuse,
urban runoff, and land treatment systems.
- Reprogramming. (+$225,000) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogranmiings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net Increase of
(-$225,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,766,800) A reduction of -SI,DOS,800 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. This decrease will result in
the reduction of efforts as follows: (1) to develop and assess best manage-
ment practices for stormwater runoff control; (2) to develop control tech-
nologies for toxic substances; (3) to develop disposal systems for municipal
sludge.
An additional reduction of -$761,000 was applied to the Salaries
and Expenses ($583,300) and Research and Development ($177,700) appropria-
tions to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$11,800) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$879,800 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$868,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase to Salaries and
Expenses will provide for lab supplies and for service contracts on existing
analytical instrumentation use in methods research and other critical expen-
ses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,266,200 and 97.3 permanent
work years to this program, of which $5,900,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,365,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The Municipal Wastewater research program being implemented in 1982 focuses
in the following areas: (1) innovative and alternative technology, (2) plant
operation and design, (3) sludge management, (4) new treatment process develop-
ment (5) land application of wastewater, (6) small wastewater flows, (7) toxics
pollutants control, and (9) urban runoff.
The innovative and alternative (I/A) program Increases ORD technical support
to encourage the use of I/A technologies by municipalities. ORD's I/A technology
program 1s actively evaluating new technologies that enhance the ability of munici-
palities to meet discharge limitations In a cost-effective manner. Program empha-
sis is on assessing emerging technologies having potential to reduce capital,
operational/maintenance, and energy costs. Several assessments of emerging
technologies are being developed and will be published in order to promote their
use by the States, municipalities and private sector. This information will
them be disseminated to these user groups through a clearinghouse which operates
in direct support to the Construction Grants Program.
WQ-38
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Because many treatment plants funded by the Construction Grants Program do
not perform adequately or reliably, there is a continuing need to develop methods
to upgrade plant design and improve plant operation. In providing solutions to
these problems the research effort will focus on: Identification of any opera-
tional, maintenance, and design problems that affect POTW compliance problems,
such as sludge treatment and rotating biological contactors; preparation of de-
sign Information documents for use by treatment plant designers on the following
topics: effects of peak flows, aeration devices, energy conservation, and side-
streams; investigation of unit process reliability for future design considera
tions; and improvement control reliability through development of better applica-
tion information and the establishment of a self supporting Instrument Testing
and Certification Laboratory,
The sludge management program continues to hold a high priority because it
represents a major operating cost and environmental problem for the municipality.
Research focuses on providing more efficient and low cost processes for the
treatment, conversion, use and disposal of sludge from publicly owned treatment
works (POWTs). Emphasis is placed on energy recovery and optimization of stabili-
zation processes including: acceleration of the development of the two-phase
anaerobic sludge digestion process; evaluation of wet air oxidation in a vertical
tube reactor for total destruction of organic evaluation of in-vessel composting
sludge to fuels; and the application of cellulose enzymes.
Since conventional biological treatment plants have traditionally been
expensive to operate due to high capital, space, manpower and energy requirements,
the program in new process development alms to enhance the ability of municipali-
ties to meet discharge limitation with the least cost combination of processes.
Current research emphasis is on evaluating novel biological concepts and processes
which have the potential to reduce cost and energy, increase reliability, and
reduce solids production.
In many areas of the nation, land treatment can be a particularly effective
procedure for treating wastewater while utilizing the wastes as nutrients, and the
water to Irrigate cover crops. With this 1n mind, research is being devoted to
developing design and operating information for rapid infiltration and overland
flow systems. These systems show particular promise and are receiving Increasing
attention by the engineering community. Research is also working in the aquacul-
ture area where emphasis is on developing design and operating information for
utilizing water hyacinths and other plants for wastewater treatment.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that 4$ of the Construction Grants Program
funding be set aside for rural communities. The shortfall of technology applicable
to small communities and on-site use must be filled if system failures are to be
avoided and cost-effectiveness maintained. The current research program is being
directed toward development and dissemination of a range of technologies in the
form of handbooks for design, operation and management. Specific activities
include: the Small Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse that provides ready access to
technical Information by the user community; the Cincinnati Center for the control-
led study of viable alternative technologies; and development of a handbook on
alternative wastewater collection systems for use by design engineers.
The primary objectives of the toxic pollutants control program are to produce
information on the sources and treatability of toxic pollutants as well as to
develop strategies for toxics control. The major focus of this program in 1982 is
on: completion of a report with characterizes the sources, occurrence, and concen-
tration of the influents and effluents in POTW systems for Information gathered
from a 25 city survey; assessment reports on the treatability and removability of
priority pollutants and other toxic organics by a variety of conventional and
advanced processes; and development of toxic control options and strategies using
various modeling and systems analysis approaches. The results of this research
will aid in determining the levels of toxic industrial waste discharge a POTW can
handle without adverse effect on Its treatment processes.
WQ-39
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JQ-40
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,861,000 and 65.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,256,900 Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 54,604,100 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation, with decreases of $1,643,500 and $2,761,700, respectively. This
decrease results from major reductions In the level of effort for new biological
processes development, land treatment of wastewater, snail wastewater flows,
toxics pollutants control, and urban runoff. These are mature programs, which
are no longer considered priority research activities. Additionally, an adequate
technological base has been developed. The gathered technical Information 1s
sufficient to Implement creditable programs 1n each of the above areas.
The Municipal Wastewater research program 1n 1983 will concentrate the bulk
of Its efforts on Innovative and alternative technology, plant operation and
design, and sludge management. There will also be some resources provided For
new process development, land treatnent of wastewater, small wastewater flows,
toxic pollutant control and urban runoff. Because these areas are lower priority,
and have no immediate impact on current programs, they will be funded at levels
lower than in years past.
The major activities for the innovative/alternative (I/A) technology program
proposed in 1983 Include: expanding the current I/A program to actively promote
the Increased use of new treatment processes through technology transfer; main-
taining an I/A clearinghouse and publishing assessments of promising new treat-
ment methods. The I/A program will provide consulting engineers with detailed
planning, engineering, and analysis assistance for innovative technologies on a
project-by-project basis. Post-construction evaluation will be Initiated for the
most innovative projects in full operation during 1983. These evaluations will
fully document the ability of I/A classified projects to meet design standards In
a cost-effective manner. The current I/A Clearinghouse function will be expanded
to collect, and analyze the information derived from post-construction evalua-
tions. Information will be made available to the Regions, States, municipalities,
consultants and equipment manufacturers.
Major activities in plant operation and design will focus on: development of
improved design Information and recowendations for low-cost correction of design
deficiencies In existing plants; identification of operational problems and design
deficiencies with recommendations for solutions of problems and process modifica-
tions; publication of design Information that will include reliability factors,
aeration systems, and slow rate land treatment.
In the sludge management program, research will'be conducted in three major
areas: processing and treatment, conversion processes, and sludge use on land.
In the processing and treatment area, the research activities will focus on:
defining the parameters which can be used to predict the state of sludge stabili-
zation in order to Improve the operation of sludge treatment processes in publicly-
owned treatment work (PQTU). Evaluation of new digestion processes that have the
potential of reducing the amount of sludge produced while Increasing the quantity
of gas produced. Research on sludge conversion will focus on new gasification
processes. Land application of sludge research will focus on: demonstration of
wider acceptance for use of municipal sludge as fertilizer on agricultural land;
characterization of the mechanisms controlling cadmium and heavy metals uptake by
plants; and performance evaluations of landfill sites containing sludge and toxic
organics 1n order to determine the effectiveness of landfill designs-
-------
The 1983 program 1n new process development will focus on development of
advanced biological processes and maintaining an In-house capability for proof
of concept studies utilizing the Test and Evaluation Facility to the private
and municipal sectors.
The land treatment of sewage program in 1983 will concentrate on: extending
the use of overland flow technology to colder climates so that the geographic
range can be greatly increased without environmental damage; developing better
managerial information on the behavior and control of nitrogen and organics in
rapid Infiltration treatment systems; and promoting the Increased use of lower
cost land application treatment systems by municipalities.
WQ-41
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MATER QUALITY
Industrial Hastewater Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information
& Liaison
Salaries ft Expenses
Research 8 Development
Monitoring Systems 8
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
Health Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research S Development
Environmental
Engineering 8
Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Env1ronmental
Processes ft Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research 8 Development
$171.3
$5,9
$2,462.4
$2,769.5
$250.6
$196.1
$10.3
$2,773.4
$3,115.1
$42.6
$157.0
$196.1
$10.3
$2,576.0
$2,178.0
$42.0
$153.0
$19B.4
$1,905.1
$1,712.6
$172.0
$23.0
$69.9
$50.0
$1,807.7
$1,190.2
$16.5
$155.0
-$128. S
$50.0
-$97.4
-$522.4
-$155.5
$132.0
$1,359.8 $1,413.0 $1,041.4 $1,194.0 $1,001.2 -$192.8
$2,921.3 $5,371.3 $4,202.3 $3,675.9 $439.5 -$3,236.4
$184.3
$15.0
$183.8
$15.0
$4B2.6
$15.0
$305.0
-$177.6
-$15.0
-------
I
*-
HATER QUALITY
Industrial Hastewater Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Industrial Wastewater TOTAL
Non-Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IM THOUSANDS)
$3,993.5 $4,609.4 $4,039.3 $3,952.1 $3,200.3 -$751.8
$5,947.3 $8,668.7 $6,558.6 $5,426.5 $1,834.7 -$3,591.8
$9,940.8 $13,278.1 $10,597.9 $9,378.6 $5,035.0 -$4,343.6
Technical Information
S Liaison
Monitoring Systems 8
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering 4
Technol ogy
3.2 3.1
44.8 42.9
1.0
26.1 20.1
3.1
36.9
1.0
8.2
3.1
26.1
1.0
8.2
1.1
20.3
.4
9.5
-2.0
-5.8
-.6
1.3
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
7.6
3.8
-3.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
74.1
67.1
49.2
46.0
35.1 -10.9
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WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
&
I
f:
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects ,.
Environmental
Engineer! nq 8
. Technol ogy
5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 1.4 -3.4
61.7 59.6 53.6 40.4 31.6 -8.8
1.3 1.3 1.3 .7 -.6
30.1 26.7 14.8 14.8 13.6 -1.2
Environmental 10.0 5.7 -4.3
Processes & Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS 97.0 92.4 74.5 71.3 53.0 -18.3
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,035,000 and 35.1 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $4,343,600 and 10.9 workyears from 1982. Included in this
total is $3,200,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,834,700 for Research and
Development, with decreases of $751,800 and $3,591,800, respectively. The
decreases result from the completion of research support for the development of
effluent guidelines and monitoring methods for various types of industrial waste-
waters.
Program Description
The goals of EPA's research and development efforts in the industrial waste-
water area are three-fold. First, they address current deficiencies in existing
analytical and monitoring methods for toxic substances. Research in this area
is useful because some analytical methods currently in use remain incompletely
tested and are subject to both legal and scientific challenges. These research
efforts support the Agency's policy to enhance the accuracy and reliability of
our monitoring activities. Second, they are aimed at providing a sound technical
and scientific data base for insuring the dependability of Agency regulations and
policies. Third, they attempt to identify for industry, through approaches
varying from data analysis to technology evaluations, lower cost and more energy
efficient control methods for complying with discharge limitations and other
regulatory requirements.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $177,200 and 3.2 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $171,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,900 was for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation.
Specific accomplishments 1n the Industrial Wastewater area included:
- Preparation and printing of a revised TreatablHty Manual for industrial
wastewaters.
- Development of a summary report entitled "Control and Treatment Techno-
logy for the Metal Finishing Industry".
- Development of a report entitled "Environmental Pollution Control
Alternatives: Centralized Waste Treatment Alternatives for the Electro-
plating Industry".
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$206,400 $206,400 $198,400
WQ-45
-------
The net decrease of -58,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Congressional Actions. (-58,000) A reduction of -58,000 was applied
to the Salaries andExpenses appropriation to meet Congressionally man-
dated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this acti-
vity is made up of a decrease of -$10,300 from Research and Development
and an increase of +510,300 to Salaries and Expenses for funding of es-
sential operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $198,400 and 3.1 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The following specific products will be developed in 1982:
- Toxicity Reduction Manuals for Industries whose effluents have high
concentrations of priority pollutants.
- Research summaries on treatment methods; and control technologies for
the oil shale, coal and uranium mining industries.
- Analytical procedures for identifying toxic pollutants.
1983ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $119,900 and 1.1 permanent workyear for this
program, of which 569,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
550,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropria-
tion.
This reflects a decrease of 5128,500 and an increase of 550,000, respectively.
The decrease results from planned organizational changes for more efficient use
of personnel and equipment. The increase will be used to employ private sector
firms to do some of the functions, which, if done in-house, would cost more.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials fn support of
their increased role in administering environmental program. The program will
focus on:
- Providing information and data on industrial effluents, treatment methods,
and control technologies to State and local governments as well as to
the industrial sector.
- Developing a system to track the progress of research and development
projects.
MONITORINGSYSTEMS AND QUALITYASSURANCE
1981 Accpmpl i shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of 55,231,900 and 44.8 permanent workyears
for this program, of which 52,462,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,769,500 was for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation.
Since many Important policy and funding decisions at local, State, and
Federal levels and in private Industry rely on data obtained from sampling and
WQ-46
-------
analyzing pollutants in wastewaters, it is important that such data be reliable
and accurate. Data accuracy can be assured through the application of quality
assurance techniques, auditing the performance of analytical laboratories, and
conducting performance evaluations of individual analyses. These activities
need to be carried out on a continuing basis to assure that results obtained are
of consistently good quality.
In line with these overall responsibilities, the monitoring and quality
assurance program accomplished the following in 1981:
- Completed reference method validation studies for the priority pollu-
tants and identified and corrected deficiences in currently approved
methods.
- Approved alternate test procedures for the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System.
- Provided assistance to the Office of Enforcement in the evaluation of
analytical performance of discharger laboratories.
- Managed technical guidance, support and overview to the Agency Manda-
tory Quality Assurance Program to ensure that the Agency will have
environmental data of known quality.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,888,500 $4,754,000 $3,617,700
The net decrease of -$2,270,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$1,134,500) This change represented a decrease of
$1,134,500 from the January budget, of which $197,400 was for Salaries -and
Expenses and $937,100 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the elimination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods
validation for compounds .on the Section 311 list, and of support for evalua-
tion of National Pollution Discharge Elimination System dischargers' labora-
tory analytical performance.
" Rep'"pgramming. (-$394,000) A transfer of $382,800 was made to perform
chemical analysis of samples collected during the conduct of transport
and fate research. These analyses were formerly performed within the
monitoring systems and quality assurance activity.
An Agency-wide reprogramrning of -$11,200 provided resources for transfer
of the accountability function to the Office of Management Systems and
Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional resources for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. (The two reprogrammings above, totalling -$394,000 were included
in a letter to Congress on December 16, 7981.)
- Congressional Actions. (-$742,300) A reduction of -5271,300 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 125 reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation'. A large portion of this reduction
reflects the final Congressional action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill
(-$217,300}. The additional reduction will contribute to the decision to
delay research on the high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
system for monitoring toxic materials and to concentrate on gas chromatogra-
phy/ mass spectrometry methods. The delay causes minimal adverse effects on
WQ-47
-------
current technology-based regulations because water quality criteria pollu-
tants are analyzable by current gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods
(-354,000).
An additional reduction of -$471,000 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels,
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
Is made up of a decrease of -$194,100 from Research and Development and an
increase of +5194,100 to Salaries and Expenses. The Increase will provide
for Tab supplies and for service contracts on existing analytical instrumen-
tation used in methods research.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of S3,617,700 and 26.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,905,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,712,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Planned program accomplishments in 1982 include:
- Methods validation studies for high priority wastewater analytical
procedures and evaluation of alternate test procedures for the National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System.
- Quality assurance support includes: Preparing and maintaining a reposi-
tory of performance evaluation samples, conducting performance evalua-
tions, and distributing quality control samples.
- Provision of technical guidance, support and overview to the Agency
Mandatory Quality Assurance Program.
1983ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,997,900 and 20.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,807,700 1s under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,190,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects a decrease of $97,400 and $522,400 respectively,
which resulted from a reduced need for industrial wastewater research in support
of the Agency's development of effluent guidelines.
Many analytical methods currently in use remain incompletely tested and are
subject to both legal and scientific challenges. The 1983 program will seek to
correct these deficiencies and to improve the sampling and monitoring capabi-
lities to enhance the Agency's monitoring program. Specific outputs include the
following:
- Develop procedures to correct deficiencies in instrumental analysis and in
analytical methods for a number of high priority toxic substances.
- Maintain quality assurance sample repository for support of Office of
Enforcement, Effluent Guidelines Division, and Regional Office regulatory
needs.
- Support Regional Office and State performance evaluations.
- Support the development and implementation of EPA's Mandatory Quality
Assurance Program.
WQ-48
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS
1961 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $250,600 for this program, all of which
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In an effort to relate industrial wastewater quality to human health impli-
cations, an investigation was completed in 1981 of potential health problems
resulting from reuse of water containing traces of chemicals and pesticides in
food processing industries. EPA will use this information in regulatory actions
for the food processing industries to assure that wastewater reuse systems de-
signs will protect public health.
1982 Explanation of Changes froip[..January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$199,600 $195,000 $195,000
The net decrease of -$4,600 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-54,600) This change represented a decrease of $4,600
from the January budget, of which $600 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$4,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease had no significant
effect on this program.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is Mete up of a decrease of -$130,000 from Research and Development and an
increase of +5130,000 to Salaries and Expenses to fund essential operational
costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $195,000 and one permanent work-
year to this program, of which $172,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $23,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1982, the Health Effects program will determine the applicability of vari-
ous biological testing procedures in assessing health-related toxicity of indus-
trial discharges. Work under other programs covers exploration and development
of such testing procedures. EPA is developing, bioassay procedures to monitor
Industrial effluents for potential health effects.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $171,500 and .4 permanent workyear for this
program, of which $16,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$155,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This reflects a decrease of $155,500 and an increase of $132,000, respec-
tively. In 1983, resources have been shifted from Salaries and Expenses to
Research and Development. This will allow the Health Effects program to employ
outside scientific experts to develop and improve biological testing procedures.
In 1983, Health Effects research efforts will determine the applicability
of various bioassay and other biologic/testing procedures for detecting and
quantifying the human-health-related toxicity of complex industrial discharges.
WQ-49
-------
The results of this research will be useful in performing risk-benefit analyses
to quantify the degree of industrial discharge control required to adequately
protect public health in downstream water supplies.
EJWIRQNHENTAlENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $4,281,100 for this program, of which
$1,359,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,921,300 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments of the Environmental Engineering and Technology pro-
gram in 1981 included:
- Provided data for the development of effluent guidelines.
- Recommended low-cost process modifications to several steel firms to
reduce wastewater volumes.
- Completed a revision of the Treatability Manual*
- Developed a water reuse technique for the paper Industry.
- Conducted a feasibility study on the use of centralized waste treatment
plants for small businesses.
1982Explanation of Changes from JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,784,300 $5,243,700 $4,869,900
The net decrease of -$1,914,400 results from the following action:
" January-March. (-$1,540,600) This change represented a decrease of
$1,540,600"from the January budget, of which $371,600 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,169,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the phase-out of activities in support of regulations develop-
ment, and reductions fn development of control technology for lower priority
industrial wastewater sources.
- Congressipna 1 Actions. (-$373,800) An additional reduction of -$373,800
was appl 1 ed to the Salaries and Expenses ($271,300) and Research and Develop-
ment ($102,500) appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authpri ty. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$423,900 from Research and Development and an
increase of +$423,900 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will allow lab
program reviews, monitoring of extramural projects, as well as the conduct of
more program evaluation, and other critical expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,869,900 and 8.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,194,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,675,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
WQ-50
-------
In 1982, research activities are supporting the effluent guideline regula-
tions program by suppling data and evaluating control technologies. Specific
industrial categories of concern are those for which guidelines have not been
promulgated. Control technology evaluations include ion exchange, dialysis and
reverse osmosis. Results will be used to develop effluent guidelines.
Treatability research, including work on the toxlcity reduction concept, will
continue to support State permitting activities and enforcement efforts. This
work defines the efficiency, reliability, and costs of various treatment techno-
logies for treating toxic pollutants.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,440,700 and 9.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which £1,001,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 3439,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects decreases of $192,800 and $3,236,400, respectively.
These decreases resulted from the completion of research work supporting the
effluent guidelines program.
In 1983, the Environmental Engineering and Technology program will focus on
the following research and development activities:
- Develop low-cost treatment processes for small businesses.
- Evaluate control technologies for Industrial wastewaters containing high
concentrations of toxic pollutants.
- Investigate engineering processes to reduce the amount of organic chemi-
cals getting into the waste stream.
- Develop cost-effective methods to remove heavy metals from Industrial
wastewaters.
ENVIRPNHENTAL^PROCESSES AMDEFFECTS
1981 Accompl1shments
There were no resources used by this program in 1.981.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$199,300 $198,800 $497,600
The net increase of +$298,300 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$500) This change represented a decrease of $500
from the January budget all of which was for Salaries and Expenses. This
decrease had no significant effect on the program.
* ReprojSS.iP.i' (+$382,200) The purpose of this transfer is to perform
chemical a'n'alysis of samples collected during the conduct of transport
and fate research. These analyses were formerly performed within the
monitoring systems and quality assurance activity.
~ CongressionalActions. {-$83,400) A reduction of -$83,400 was applied to
the Salaries ani Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
MQ-51
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $497,600 and 7.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $482,600 Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $15,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, research efforts in the Environmental Processes and Effects
program are concentrating on the following activities:
- Develop and evaluate bioassay-type techniques to quantify the combined
toxicity of all the toxicants present.
- Provide screening tests to Identify possible toxic problems in industrial
effluents.
- Develop a toxicity unit concept for permitting purposes.
This research will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various
treatment processes in terms of the ability to reduce toxicity In industrial
wastewaters. The techniques could, of course, also be used to monitor the
effluents for compliance with permit requirements. The use of such techniques
would provide considerable cost savings over the alternative chemical-by-chemical
measurements.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $305,000 and 3.8 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This reflects decreases of $177,600 and $15,000 respectively. The completion of
the initial phases in the evaluation of environmental impacts of toxic pollutants
is reflected in these resource reductions.
In 1983, the Environmental Processes and Effects program will focus on the
following research efforts:
- Evaluate available acute and chronic bioassay techniques for detecting
toxic problems 1n industrial effluents.
. Provide analytical techniques to quantify the toxic levels of industrial
wastewaters.
- Identify other potentially toxic organic chemicals found repeatedly in
effluents of many industries.
Information from the above research efforts is needed to determine which
toxic pollutants warrant closer attention and to evaluate the reliability and
usefulness of the above-mentioned bioassay techniques for toxicity determinations.
The toxicity characterizations need to be sufficient and accurate to provide
inputs to mathematical models that predict fate and transport of toxic pollutants
for use In risk assessments.
WQ-52
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
IDOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
State Programs
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
State Programs
Regulations S
Guidelines
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control 1
Compliance
Great Lakes Program
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Chesapeake Bay Water
Quality Study
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compllance
NEPA Compliance/Els
Preparation
Salaries ft Expenses
$10,668.3
$5,632.8
$124.8
$1,813.0
$176.5
$5,292.5 $6,190.3 $9,661.4 $3,471.1
$668.7 $3,142.0 $350.0 -$Z,792.0
$8,195.5
$2,543.1
$751.7 $1,466.3 $1,461.5 $1,396.3 $1,313.5 -$82.8
$6,876.9 $5,531.7 $2,531.7 $4,031.7 $2,500.0 -$1,531.7
$407.2 $404.9 $373.2
$600.7 $600.7 $1,600.7
-$373.2
-$1,600.7
-------
I
Ol
*-
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Water Quality State
Programs Management
TOTAL
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$11,721.3 $10,069.0 $7,158.9 $7,959.8 $10,974.9 $3.015.1
$14,322.7 $8,675.5 $3,801.1 $8.774.4 $2,850.0 -$5,924.4
$26,044.0 $18,744.5 $10,960.0 $16,734.2 $13.824.9 -$2.909.3
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
State Programs
Management
State Programs
Regulations &
Guidelines
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Water
Quality Study
NEPA Compllance/EIS
Preparation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
257.2 84.5
172.5
15.0 14.5 14.5
3.5 4.8 4.8
5.2
280.9 191.8 103.8
78.7 200.0 121.3
14.5 10.8 -3.7
4.8 -4.8
98.0 210.8 112.8
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HATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL HORKYEARS
State Programs
Management
State Programs
Regulations 8
Guldell ires
324.0 131.3 122.9 254.4 131.5
223.3
Great Lakes Program 20.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 15.0 -5.5
1
Chesapeake Bay Mater 4.3 5.8 5.8 5.8 -5.8
Quality Study
NEPA CompHance/EIS 5.4
Preparation
TOTAL HORKYEARS 353.7 249.6 157.6 149.2 269.4 120.2
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 313,824,900 and 210.8 permanent workyears
for this subactivity, of which $10,974,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,850,000 is under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The decrease of $2,909,300 is attributable to a reduction in
the Great Lakes Program and the completion of the Chesapeake Bay Program. This
restructured subactivity reflects the transfer of several programs from Municipal
Source Control, including oversight of the interagency agreement with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, delegation management, and the wastewater treatment
training program. Decreases of $2,792,000 occur in oversight activities for 106
funding, delegation management, completion of the Flathead EIS, and elimination
of the wastewater treatment training program.
Program Description
This area provides for the overall management of State financial assistance
programs and other local programs for water pollution control. This includes
oversight of State implementation of Section 205(g) construction grants manage-
ment delegation agreements and water quality management programs under Sections
106, 201, 205(j), 208, and 303 of the Clean Water Act. The subactivity also
provides for administration of an interagency agreement with the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers; support for training of water pollution control personnel; and
administration of the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay programs.
For Agency budgetary purposes, these activities are divided into three
program elements:
State Programs Management This program includes monitoring and oversight
of State activities to implement negotiated agreements under Section 205(g) of
the Clean Water Act, which provides for phased transfers of delegable construction
grants project and program management activities. This program also includes
management and oversight of water quality management programs authorized under
Sections 106, 201, 205(j), 208, and 303.
This program also includes administration of the interagency agreement with
the Corps of Engineers, and training programs to meet professional manpower
development and training needs of wastewater treatment plant operators and EPA,
State, and private sector personnel. Federal support to Section 208 grants was
terminated in 1982. The Agency is not requesting support for wastewater
treatment plant operator training in 1983.
Great Lakes Program This activity includes funding for the Great Lakes
program and demonstration grants authorized by Section 108(a) of the Clean Water
Act. The Great Lakes National Program Office was established in 1978 to integrate
and consolidate EPA Great Lakes activities and to provide support to the Inter-
national Joint Commission (IJC) complying with the 1978 U.S.-Canada Water Quality
Agreement. In 1983, the program will focus on support of our international agree-
ments.
Chesapeake Bay Program The Chesapeake Bay Program was developed in
response to a Congressional mandate requiring EPA to conduct a study of the
Chesapeake Bay. The objectives of the study were define the factors adversely
affecting the environment, develop research to address adverse factors, and
define management strategies to ameliorate degradation in the Bay attributable
to pollution. The program has been developed through a cooperative effort between
the affected States and local governments and EPA.
WQ-56
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STATE PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT
1931 Accomplishments
- In 1981, the Agency obligated $16,301,100 and 257.2 permanent workyears for
this program activity, of which $10,668,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,632,800 was for extramural purposes under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources were used to administer
delegated construction grants management, water quality management, and financial
assistance programs.
Principal 1981 funding priorities for Section 106 grants included second-
round NPDES permitting and permit compliance, ambient and intensive site moni-
toring, development of data bases and analytical laboratory capabilities, and
development of management capabilities in nondelegated States for the construction
grants program.
A total of $167,800,000 in Section 205(g) funds was obligated by 45 delegated
States. Grants totaling $51,170,700 were awarded under Section 106 to support
priority State and other agency water pollution control programs. Final grants
totaling $33,497,900 were awarded to State and designated areawide agencies
under Section 208 for development of nonpoint source control programs.
During 1981, seven additional States signed Section 205{g) delegation
agreements, bringing the total to 45 delegated States. By the end of 1981,
a total of 12 States achieved full delegation of construction grants management.
States provided 1,960 workyears of the staff resources committed to management
of the construction grants program,
EPA funded several multiyear projects to provide wastewater management
training materials, to assure uniformity in certification testing, and to help
trainers remain current in professional developments.
1982 Explanation of Changes from JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
.... $5,961,200 $9,332,300
The net increase of +$9,332,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- Restructuring. (+$5,961,200) This restructuring establishes a new pro-
gram element which would facilitate recent decisions delegating construc-
tion grants and minor water quality responsibilities to -the States. The
program management activities will be a mix of Federal-State involvement
over the next several years. These resources intially will enable EPA to
fulfill its role in coordinating the States' activities in order to ensure
that reasonable progress is made toward meeting national goals.-
~ Reprogramming. (-$170,600) During the development of the operating
pi an, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of
-$170,600. ;
' C ongressi onalActions. (+$3,531,200) A reduction of -$134,500 was taken
against The"Warch estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for the following activi-
ties: (1) a habitat evaluation in four stream segments in support of water
quality standards; (2) Grant Management and technical assistance activities
for agricultural nonpoint source pollutants; and (3) an interagency agree-
ment with the water quality management program. Periodic review of the
Best Management Practices for forestry will be eliminated.
WQ-57
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The Congressional add-on to this activity was +$1,478,000 applied
against the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and +$2.625,000 applied
against the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for manpower
planning and training.
A reduction of -$437,300 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$10,500) The net increase applied to this activ-
ity i nc1udes an increase of +$10,500 to Salaries and Expenses for funding
of essential operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,332,300 and 78.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $6,190,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$3,142,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1982, EPA is making a major effort to reorient management of the
water quality program and assure enhanced program performance with a lower Federal
resource base. The major focus will be placed on negotiating financial assis-
tance agreements with States. The program will be oriented toward improving the
water quality in stream segments where designated uses are impaired and State
standards are attainable.
EPA will work with the States to implement construction grants legislative
reforms enacted by the Congress in 1981. Regulatory and administrative reforms
will be incorporated in State delegation agreements and in EPA's program policies
and procedural guidance. These efforts will ensure maximum flexibility for the
States in administering the program and encourage greater emphasis on water
quality considerations in State project funding decisions.
Grants totaling $51,200,000 have been allocated for award under Section 106
of the Clean Water Act to support State water pollution control programs. Prin-
cipal activities include reissuing 570 major Best Available Technology (BAT)
permits, development of State pretreatment programs, performance inspections of
over 3,500 major dischargers, and continuing support for State monitoring and
waste load allocation needs.
Program management efforts will focus on coordinating and integrating water
quality programs' objectives, outputs, and funding mechanisms. EPA and State
program managers will negotiate annual program priorities and accomplishment
commitments; Agency personnel will provide feedback and assistance based on the
results of annual on-site visits. These efforts will provide essential links to
ensure that Federal and State objectives, priorities, and funds are meeting the
most critical water quality needs through the most cost-effective approaches.
A total of $101,034,600 will be obligated under Section 205(g) to delegated
States to support their management of projects funded under the Construction
Grants Program, These funds are made available to delegated States as set-asides
from their allotments of construction grants funds in the amount of $400,000 or
45, whichever is greater.
During 1982, one additional State is expected to accept initial Section
205(g) delegation, bringing to 46 the total of partially and fully delegated
States. By the end of 1982, 14 States should have achieved full delegation of
responsibility for the program. Based on current estimates, the States will
commit 2,215 workyears to management of delegated management activities in the
construction grants program.
Assuming all States obligate all eligible funds, the Agency anticipates a
total of $24,400,000 could be obligated by States under Section 205(j) for support
WQ-58
-------
to water Duality management planning. These funds are made available to the
States as set-asides from their allotments of construction grants funds in the
amount of $100,000 or 1%, whichever is greater.
A total of $330,000 in extramural funds is projected for obligation for
the Congressionally mandated funding of the Flathead River, Montana, Environmental
Impact Statement.
The Agency will propose to the Congress the revisions needed to reauthorize
the Clean Water Act. Current regulations and program policies will also be
revised to simplify and streamline Federal requirements and to make optimum use
of available financial assistance.
Management of remaining Section 208 grants will be conducted by State agen-
cies. EPA will continue to ensure that construction grants and National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits awarded by EPA and States are cpnsis-
tent with approved State water quality management plans and that States are
maintaining effective continuing planning processes required under the Act.
Beginning in 1982, EPA will look to the States to establish their own training
activities supported by funding available particularly under Section 205(g). The
Agency did not request funding for this program in 1982. The Congressional add-on
of $1,478,000 for Salaries and Expenses for waste water treatment training will
be used to pay the severance costs associated with elimination of the program.
Congress also mandated $2,625,000 in water quality manpower training grants.
The Agency intends to develop a cooperative agreement with a national organization
to provide site-specific training at problem facilities to improve operator
performance.
1983Program Reguest
In 1983, the Agency requests $10,011,400 and 200.0 permanent workyears for
this activity, including $9,661,400 under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $350,000 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
increase of 121.3 permanent workyears reflects the restructuring of this program
element. Activities shifted from Municipal Source Control include delegation
management and oversight of the interagency agreement with the United States
Army Corps of Engineers. The increase of $3,471,100 in Salaries and Expenses is
the net transfer for the above activities. A decrease of $1,478,000 in Salaries
and Expenses is associated with the termination of the wastewater treatment
training program. The net decrease of $2,792,000 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects the termination of the wastewater treatment training program,
completion of funding for the Flathead River Environmental Impact Statement, and
Increased extramural support for the Agency's State program management activities.
A total of 46 States will have accepted delegation of some construction
grants management activities. The Agency anticipates that the States will obli-
gate $85,909,000 in 205(g) funds in 1983. EPA does not expect any additional
States will accept initial delegation of construction grants management authority
in 1983. However, a total of 25 States are expected to achieve full delegation
during the year. States are projected to commit a total of 2,300 workyears or
70% of the total construction grants management staffing in 1983.
EPA also will work with all States an their use of Section 205(j) funds.
These funds will help the States meet their priority water quality management
needs including assessing pollution control needs, reviewing and revising water
quality standards, and conducting planning studies. Assuming all States obligate
all eligible funds, an anticipated total of up to $24,400,000 will be obligated
for support to water quality management planning under Section 205(j).
During 1983, EPA will renegotiate Section 205(g) delegation agreements
with the States, eliminating requirements, where appropriate, based on statutory,
regulatory, and administrative reforms. This will provide the States with the
maximum degree of flexibility to carry out the delegated program. The Agency
WQ-59
-------
will continue to work with each partially delegated State to accelerate the rate
and level of delegation leading to full program management responsibility.
Grants totaling $40,845,600 are expected to be awarded under Section 106 to
State and interstate agencies for priority water polution control activities not
covered under Sections 205(g) or 2Q5(j) of the Clean Water Act. National prior-
ities for Section 106 grants in 1983 will include reissuance of over 600 major
BAT permits, compliance inspections and compliance assurance of major dischargers,
support to States in pollutant data collection and development of analytical
laboratory capabilties, and wasteload allocations for water quality limited
water body segments,
EPA will concentrate more heavily on achievement of overall water quality
and public health results than on tracking and reporting of specific quantitative
outputs. Management and technical assistance will be provided Regions and States
as appropriate. Negotiations will be conducted during the year to establish
joint program and funding priorities for 1984, oriented to maintaining effective
Statewide planning and management processes to meet attainable water quality
standards, including both conventional and other pollutant control requirements,
and further reducing direct Federal program management of State activities.
GREAT LAKESPROGRAM
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $7,628,600 and 15.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $751,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,876,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1981, the Great Lakes National Program undertook several new steps to
fulfill the terms of the United States-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agree-
ment, particularly In the areas of toxicant control and nonpoint source pollution.
Some accomplishments include:
- Implemented, with the cooperation of the eight Great Lakes States, a
coordinated fish monitoring strategy to determine levels and trends of
toxic contamination in Great Lakes fish.
- Compiled an inventory of municipal phosphorus loadings to date (the
inventory revealed a major reduction in phosphorus loads) and provided
technical assistance to improve plant performance to meet the 1983
deadline.
- Provided technical and financial assistance to assess the extent of toxic
contamination in the Niagara River.
- Surveyed sediments in 17 harbors and river mouths on the Great Lakes to
determine possible sources and trends of toxic contamination.
- Developed and negotiated a United States-Canada phosphorus management
strategy to further reduce loadings with emphasis on cost-effective,
voluntary controls for nonpoint sources.
- Participated in a comprehensive international evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of toxic substance control programs within the Great Lakes
basin.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,998,000 $3,993,200 $5,428,000
WQ-60
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The net decrease of -$1,570,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$3,004,800) This change represented a decrease of
$3,004,800 frojn the January budget, of which $4,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $3,000,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Re-
maining resources will be devoted to carrying out functions of the inter-
national agreement. This reduction eliminated the following: Section
108(s) demonstration grants to test new or innovative wastewater tech-
niques, water intake and high flow tributary monitoring to determine water
quality trends and pollutant loadings to the Lakes, research vessel opera-
tions with contractual scientific crews, support to other EPA programs,
- Congressional Actions. (+$1,434,800) A Congressional add-on to this
activity of +$1,500,000 was applied to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation reflecting final action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill. An
additional reduction of -$65,200 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $5,428,000 and 14.5 permanent workyears to
this program, of which $1,396,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,031,700 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
The major focus of this program continues to be directed toward support of
the United States-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Program highlights
include:
- Trend analysis will continue to establish baseline toxics data by
sampling air, fish and sediments throughout the Lakes.
- An agricultural nonpoint source control initiative will be undertaken in
the Lake Ontario basin in cooperation with the States and the United
States Department of Agriculture, with particular emphasis on voluntary
control of phosphorus from nonpoint sources.
- The Lake Erie and Huron Intensive Survey Reports will be completed and
published.
- Implementation plans to further control phosphorus in Lake Erie and
Ontario will be developed as part of the phosphorus management strategy
with the States and other Federal agencies.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,813,500 and 10.8 permanent workyears, of
which $1,313,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,500,000 1s for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. This is a decrease of $1,614,500 and 3.7 permanent
workyears, which will be sufficient to maintain a United States focus for
activities of the United States Government under the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement.
The Great Lakes National Program will respond to International Joint
Commission (IJC) information requests and provide technical assistance to Head-
quarters and the State Department on official Canadian requests and notes
concerning United States Great Lakes policies. The compliance of United States
industrial and municipal dischargers with the International Agreement objectives
will be assessed and reported to the IJC.
Staff support and technical assistance to the Water Quality Board and its
committees will continue to insure that United States views and policies are
WQ-61
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accurately represented. A Great Lakes surveillance program to detect toxic
substances in Great Lakes fish znd sediments will be conducted in 20 tributaries
and 10 harbors, respectively.
Results will be analyzed and reported to the States for regulatory followup.
The atmospheric deposition sampling network will be maintained and data analyzed
to determine loadings to the Lakes of organic chemicals, nutrients, and heavy
metals. A sampling network and strategy to monitor the trophic status of Lake
Superior will be designed.
CHESAPEAKE BAY WATER iljyLTY STUDY
1981 Acc^ojnpl i shments
During 1981 the Agency obligated $1,937,800 and 3.5 permanent workyears, of
which $124,800 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,813,000 was for Abatement,
Control and Compliance.
The program completed many of the studies initiated in 1978 and initiated the
comprehensive effort to integrate the results of research so that management
decisions at all government levels can be based on a capability to assess the
consequences of pollutant loadings on the Chesapeake Bay.
The toxic substances study effort extended the baseline inventory of the
abundance and distribution of toxics in Chesapeake Bay sediments, pore water,
water column, and biota from major tributaries. These efforts were designed to
allow identification of the flux of materials between the Chesapeake Bay and the
subestuaries. Comprehensive research tasks were assessing both natural and man-
made sources of toxic chemicals in sediments, water, and biota and determining
their rates of transport and transformation within the system. Study results
serve to delineate options to reduce environmental hazard.
The bay grasses study effort addressed the impact of water quality factors
upon Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and living resources known or suspected to be
dependent upon that vegetation. The role of bay grasses was determined relative
to their relationship to fish and wildlife, their nutrient dynamics and the impact
of man-induced factors (herbicides, turbidity) suspected to be involved in the
decline in grass populations. Results provide a knowledge base on which water
quality control alternatives can be developed for the enhancement of submerged
vegetation and associated living resources.
Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment) studies assessed the nutrient loadings
to the Bay system and the impact of those loadings on the ecosystem.
To reach the overall goals of program synthesis and integration, the
program used a segmentation approach designed to define the Chesapeake Bay in
manageable units. Natural and cultural parameters were displayed geographically
to identify similar regions and to assess the health of various segments. As
work was completed in the program areas, intermediate reports were prepared
supporting the segmentation analysis by providing both qualitative and quanti-
tative information on the relationship to the ecosystem of the parameters
intended for use in the analysis.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate .Estimate Estimate
$1,007,900 $1,005,600 $1,973,900
The net increase of +$966,000 results from several actions, as follows:
wq-62
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" January - March. (-52,300) This change represented a decrease of $2,300
from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses.
- Congressional Actions. (+$968,300) A Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +51,000,000 was applied to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation reflecting final congressional action on our 1982 Appropria-
tion Bill. An additional change of -$31,700 was applied to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $1,973,900 and 4.8 permanent workyears to
this program, of which 5373,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,600,700 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
In 1982, the Chesapeake Bay Program will complete its integration of research
in the areas of toxic pollutant effects, submerged aquatic vegetation, and eutroph-
ication. This will include completion of all technical studies, integration of
their results, and use of the ecological segmentation concept discussed above to
assess existing information about the biological, chemical, physical, and cultural
aspects of the Chesapeake Bay. Major accomplishments and outputs will include:
Chesapeake Bay Primer: Explains important ecological relationships and will
serve as a reference for the following reports.
Synthesis Report: Summarizes and explains the technical knowledge gained
from the research projects funded by this program in the areas of toxic substances,
nutrients, and submerged aquatic vegetation. It provides an understanding of the
processes which affect the environmental quality of the Chesapeake Bay.
Chesapeake Bay Characterization: Assesses trends in water quality and living
resources over time and examines the correlation or relationship between the two.
Chesapeake Bay Modeling: Describes the three major modeling studies
described under "1981 accomplishments."
Management Alternatives: Identifies control alternatives for agriculture,
sewage treatment plants, industry, urban runoff, and constructtpw$ estimates costs
and effectiveness of different approaches to remedy "hot spots?"
1983 Program Request
Information developed during the course of the 5-year Chesapeake Bay study,
which was completed in 1981, will be disseminated in 1982. No further resources
are needed to complete the Agency's commitments in this area.
WQ-63
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 198Z
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 198Z
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Effluent Standards J
Guidelines
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Ccmpl 1 a nee
TOTAL:
Salaries t> Expenses
Abatement Control §
Compl lance
Effluent Standards * TOTAL
Guidelines
$5,780.4 $6,333.9 $5,831.9 $5,165.6 $4,785.5 -$380.1
$22,392.7 $12,913.9 $10,237.8 $6,578.5 $7,448.6 $870.0
$5,780.4 $6,333.9 $5,831.9 $5,165.6 $4,785.5 -$380.1
$22,392.7 $12,913.9 $10,237.8 $6,578.5 $7,448.5 $870.0
S28,173.1 $19,247.8 $16,069.7 $11,744.1 $12,234.0 $489.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIHE HORKYEARS
Effluent Standards 8
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
113.4
113.4
100.0
100.0
85.0
85.0
78.7
78.7
68.4 -10.3
68.4 -10.3
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MATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards S Guidelines
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards * 142.1 131.3 116.3 108.0 93.4 -14.6
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 142.1 131.3 116.3 108.0 93.4 -14.6
£
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests $12,234,000 and 68.4 permanent workyears for 1983, an
increase of $489,900 and a decrease of 10.3 permanent workyears from 1982. Inclu-
ded in this total is $4,785,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $7,448,500 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance, with a decrease of $380,100 and an increase
of $870,000 respectively. The decreased resources reflect the Agency's progress
in developing effluent standards and guidelines.
Program Description
This subactivity includes establishing economically achievable effluent
limits for industries discharging directly to waterways and indirectly through
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).
Section 304(b) of the Clean Water Act requires promulgation of guidelines
for effluent limitations, setting forth the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by industrial dischargers through the application of best practicable
technology (BPT), best conventional technology (BCT) and best available technol-
ogy (BAT).
Similar requirements exist for new industrial dischargers. EPA is required
to develop new source performance standards (NSPS) under Sections 304(c) and 306,
based on best available demonstrated technology. Section 306 also requires these
new industrial dischargers to comply with NSPS.
For discharges to POTWs, EPA is required to develop pretreatment standards
under Sections 304(g), 307(b), and 307(c) of the Act. Indirect discharger com-
pliance with these standards is the responsibility of the POTW under Section
307(b) and is implemented through its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit issued under Section 402.
Each regulation requires examination of industrial processes, water usage,
wastewater characteristics, and treatment technologies in use or potentially
applicable. The requirement for economic achievability has led the Agency to
conduct extensive studies of the financial and economic achievability of regula-
tory options. These options are examined separately to determine the possibility
of closures and for impacts on production levels, employment, industry size and
concentration, foreign trade, regional economics, and the economics of related
industries.
EPA was unable to promulgate many of these regulations by the dates contain-
ed in the Act. In 1976, EPA was Sued by several environmental groups; the out-
come was a Settlement Agreement. EPA was required to develop a program and
adhere to a schedule for 21 major industries with 37 industry categories and to
promulgate BAT effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and
NSPS for 65 "priority" pollutants and classes of pollutants. (See Natural
Resources Defense Council, Inc. V. train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), modified
March 9, 1979.) the 1977 Amendments to the 1972 Act incorporated elements of the
Settlement Agreement related to toxic pollutant control. Section 301(b)(2) of
the Act now requires the achievement by July 1, 1984 of effluent limitations re-
quiring application of BCT for conventional pollutants and BAT for toxic pollu-
tants, including the 65 "priority" pollutants and classes of pollutants which
Congress declared toxic under Section 307(a) of the 1972 Act. Likewise, NSPS
and pretreatment standards were redirected toward toxic pollutant controls.
Because the Agency was unable to meet deadlines contained in the Settlement
Agreement (to date, regulations have been proposed for 13 industrial categories),
the Agency moved to modify dates contained in the Agreement. As a result, 12
WQ-66
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regulations-will be proposed and 11 regulations will be promulgated in 1982.
Eleven regulations will be promulgated in 1983, and two during 1934.
EFFLUENT STANDARDSAND GUIDELINES
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 the Agency obligated a total of $28,173,100 for this program, in-
cluding $5,780,400 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $22,392,700 for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract resources were
used for technical analytic studies, economic and statistical analyses, health
effect determinations, and environmental exposure and risk analyses. In addition
to the principal work on BAT guidelines, pretreatment standards and NSPS, 1981
program accomplishments included:
- Completion of technical studies for the development of all proposed regu-
lations except organic chemicals and plastics and synthetics as well as comple-
tion of economic studies for development of proposed regulations for eight in-
dustries.
- Publication of proposed regulations establishing national effluent limi-
tations and standards for six industries mandated by the NRDC Settlement Agree-
ment and the 1977 Clean Water Act. Publication of the final effluent standards
for the timber industry.
- Continued investigation of priority pollutant discharges into and from
POTWs. The results will continue to guide the Agency's approaches to implement-
ing pretreatment policies and programs, to determining sludge disposal methods,
and to re-examining standards for wastewater discharges from POTWs.
- Continued development of regulations for best management practices
(BMP's), RCRA-related hazardous sludges, and best conventional technology (BCT).
- Initiated study on the oil and gas extraction industry to obtain data for
developing a court-ordered New Source Performance Standard. The study, conducted
in cooperation with industry, is characterizing wastes from oil and gas extrac-
tion platforms and is examining technology performance and costs.
- Continued support to the small business community by providing informa-
tion on financial assistance available for complying with water quality regula-
tions (pursuant to Section 8 of the Clean Water Act) and by attempting to miti-
gate the impact of regulation on small business through the implementation of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
1983 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$19,247,800 $16,069,700 $11,744,100
The net decrease of -$7,503,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" January- March. (-$3,178,100) This change represented a decrease of
$3,178,100ofwhich $502,000 was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,676,100
was for extramural support reflecting decreases in litigation support and
regulatory development costs.
- Congressional Actions. (-$4,325,600) A reduction of -$2,728,200 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction
to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The program will
not fund new studies of the synfuel industry. Analytical support for the
analysis of influents and effluents will be reduced. The publicly owned
WQ-67
-------
treatment works study will be reduced in scope. Economic and statistical
analyses will be reduced. Identification of organic chemicals, other than
the 129 priority pollutants in ambient water quality samples, will be
stretched out.
An additional reduction of -$1,597,400 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($739,300) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($858,100) appro-
priation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer- Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is ia"
-------
- Continue investigation of the fate and effects of toxic pollutants in
PQTWs to determine treatment needs of industrial sources discharging through a
municipal plant and to support development of pretreatment programs,, Combined
Sewer Overflow (CSQ) samples are being taken to determine the toxics released in
CSO events.
- Provide technical, economic and statistical support for post proposal
and promulgation negotiations.
1983 Program[Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,234,000 and 68.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,785,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,448,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
is a decrease of $380,100 and an increase of $870,000 respectively, which re-
flects the Agency's progress in developing effluent standards and guidelines.
In 1983, the program will
Complete Regulatory Requirements
- Promulgate regulations for 11 effluent guidelines. Regulations for two
additional industries will be made final in early 1984. The Agency will evaluate
public comments; re-examine the administrative record; review data bases for
statistical validity to ensure that regulations are statistically defensible;
complete Regulatory Impact Analyses and other analyses as required by E.Q. 12291;
collect additional data as necessary; determine environmental benefits; estimate
social costs; complete all economic impact studies and complete cost effective-
ness measures in support of regulations to be issued.
- Complete study of, and develop NSPS for, the oil and gas extraction in-
dustry as required by a separate settlement agreement with the American Petroleum
Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Assist State Control Efforts
- Provide expertise gained in the promulgation of effluent guidelines to
State and EPA permit writers who are responsible for implementing the guidelines
in NPDES permits through industry-specific consultation. Assistance will be
provided to permit writers for analyzing and interpreting information on treata-
bility of toxic compounds, conventional pollutants cost tests, controls for
toxic pollutants not covered by national regulations, and controls for facilities
that include manufacturing processes not covered by national standards.
Improve Regulation Development
- Conduct analyses to aid small entities affected by regulations developed
by the Ageney. Efforts will focus on lessening the impact of regulatory actions
on the small business sector.
- Provide technical, statistical, and economic support to post-proposal/
promulgation negotiations.
WQ-69
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MATERIALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
.a
~^i
o
Glean Lakes Program
Abatement Control &
Compl1 anee
Control Agency
Resource
Supplementation!106
Grants)
Abatement Control *
Compliance
Areawlde Haste
Treatment Management
Resources
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Training Grants
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Abatement Control 4
Compl 1 ance
Grants Assistance
Programs
$11,064.8 $11,500.0
$9 ,"000.0
-$9,000.0
$51,170.7 $53,300.0 $51,200.0 $51,200.0 $40,845.6 -$10,354.4
$33,497.9
$2,068.9
$500.0
-$500.0
$97,802.3 $53,300.0 $51,200.0 $60,700.0 $40,845.6 -$19,854.4
TOTAL $97,802,3 $64,800.0 $51,200.0 $60,700.0 $40,845.6 -$19,854.4
-------
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Control Agency
Resource
Supplementation!106
Grants)
5.0
7.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS
S.O
7.1
-------
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,845,600 for 1983 under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. Included in this total is a decrease of
$10,354,400 in grants for State water pollution control programs under Section
106; the phase-out of Section 104 Training Grants, which represented a non-
recurring 1982 Congressional add-on of $500,000 for academic training; and a
decrease of $9,000,000 for the Clean Lakes program.
Program Descri pti on
Federal assistance to the States for water quality and pollution abatement is
covered in four programs: 1) clean lakes grants under Section 314, 2) program
grants under Section 106, 3) planning grants under Section 208, and 4) training
grants under Section 104.
Clean Lakes Program Under the Clean Lakes Program, financial assistance is
provided to States to classify their publicly owned fresh water lakes according
to trophic condition and to carry out methods and procedures to restore and protect
the quality of the lakes.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation Section 106 grants supplement State
resources for water pol 1 ution control programs. They are negotiated annually
with 50 States, 7 territories, and 6 interstate compact agencies. Funds have
been directed to cover a wide range of water quality programs including permits,
enforcement, monitoring, construction grants program management, oil and hazardous
materials spill response, planning, nonpoint source control, pretreatment, ground
water management, and other priority programs.
States are also accepting delegation of responsibility for management of the
Construction Grants program. Primary funding is provided under Section 205(g) for
construction grants management and Section 205(j) for water quality management
planning activities.
^ Treatment Management Resources The Clean Water Act provides
for financial support of State and designated areawide water quality management
planning agencies under Section 208. Section 208 grants have been awarded to
all States and 140 designated areawide planning agencies for development of
planning programs which address identified water quality management priorities.
Training Grants Training assistance is provided to institutions of higher
education and other public or private agencies and institutions to meet profes^
sional manpower needs. Efforts in this area include professional graduate
training, State agency fellowships, undergraduate training grants, curriculum
development, and other special training projects in critical areas of water
pollution control .
CLEAN ..LAKE?
1981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, $11,064,800 was obligated from the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation under the Clean Lakes Program Cooperative Agreements to
initiate the following activities in 39 States: 7 Classification Surveys, 49
Diagnostic/Feasibility Studies, and 25 Implementation Projects.
WQ-72
-------
1982 Explanation of Changesfrom January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$11,500,000 $9,000,000
The net decrease of -$2,500,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$11,500,000) this change represented a decrease of
$11,500,000 from the January submission. It terminated the Clean Lakes
grants program.
~ Congressional Action. (+$9,000,000) A Congressional earmarked add-on
to this activity was +$9,000,000 and was applied to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating through a Congressionally add-on $9,000,000 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance to bring the program to an end as intended by
the Congress and complete the highest priority of the 32 eligible implementation
projects currently underway in the Clean Lakes Program. The funds provided will
be allocated according to the following priority criteria: (a) the actual ability
of additional funding to complete the program; (b) the degree to which funds
would support in-lake restoration activities; (c) proximity of the lake project
to a standard metropolitan statistical area; and (d) certification by State and
Regional offices that additional project funding is appropriate and necessary.
1983 Program Request
In 1983, the Agency requests no funds for the Clean Lakes Program. In past
years, the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration techniques and
assisted States in classifying lakes, identifying the most suitable techniques
for restoring the level of water quality needed to maintain or enhance use, and
actually implementing cleanup and control projects. Since the Agency has provided
guidance to the States on maintaining clean lakes, it believes that the States
are now able to address lake restoration needs, along with other local priorities,
under their water quality management programs.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEIIENTATION (Secti on 106)
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, $51,170,700 was obligated for Section 106 grants under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, matched by over $100 million in State
resources. State activities funded under Section 106 included National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting, ambient and intensive source
monitoring of toxics and conventional pollutants, compliance assurance, oil and
hazardous materials spill response, nondelegated States' construction grants
program management, general planning, water quality standards reviews, training,
nonpoint source control programs management, and State programs administration.
Reflecting Federal financial assistance levels and the extent of State
delegation of construction grants programs, Section 106 funds represented approx-
imately 33 percent of overall expenditures for water pollution control activities
by States. With support provided by Section 106 grants:
-33 delegated States issued and reissued 6,500 permits, and conducted
compliance assurance activities under NPDES; the other States assisted EPA
in most aspects of permit issuance. The States conducted over 3,200
compliance inspections and initiated over 1,400 actions.
WQ-73
-------
-16 States developed toxics analytical laboratory capability to support
appropriate toxics control approaches and water quality standards reviews.
-All States progressed in implementing Basic Water Monitoring Programs with
special emphasis on use of intensive surveys in assessing problems and
developing solutions.
-States maintained base program levels for developing and updating waste load
allocations, operator training and operations and maintenance activities,
emergency response, nonpoint source control programs implementation, and
State program administration.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$53,300,000 $51,200,000 $51,200,000
The net decrease of -$2,100,000 results from the following action:
January - March. (-$2,100,000) This change represented a decrease of
$2,100,000 from the January submission, all of which was for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. It included a decrease of $7,100,000 previously
identified with comprehensive ground water program development offset by an
increase of $5,000,000 for other emerging and ongoing State point and non-
point source control activities.
1932 Program
In 1982 the Agency is allocating $51,200,000 for Section 106 grants under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. For 1982, greater emphasis is
being placed on Best Available Technology (BAT) permitting, municipal facilities
compliance assurance activities, and establishment of State pretreatment programs.
The emphasis in negotiating State financial assistance will focus on the
adoption by States of attainable water quality standards and use classifications,
and on the protection of those designated uses. The Agency will work with States
to assure that predominant local factors are identified and considreed by States
in determining water quality based numerical criteria. These criteria will be
applied appropriately in NPDES permitting and POTW decision-making to assure that
only essential limitations are incorporated in industrial permits, municipal
permits, and construction grants resulting in more cost-effective public and
private investments for pollution control.
Support to nondelegated construction grants program management activities
will continue to decrease as one additional State accepts delegation under Section
205(g). Two additional States also are expected to accept delegated NPDES autho-
rity. With support provided by Section 106 grants:
-approximately 570 major discharger BAT permits, including toxics controls,
will be issued or reissued;
-over 3,500 compliance inspections will be conducted and nearly 1,600
compliance assurance actions initiated concentrating primarily on municipal
facilities compliance;
-5 States will establish pretreatment programs;
-16 States will maintain toxics analytical capability to incorporate toxics
criteria in water quality standards reviews and revisions;
WQ-74
-------
-14 States will implement significant nonpoint source control programs based
on recommendations in water quality management program plans;
-All States will maintain ongoing basic municipal facilities operations and
management programs, emergency response capability, and program admin-
istration support.
1983 Program Request
In 1983 the Agency requests a total of $40,845,600 for Section 106 grants
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $10,354,400 from the 1982 level, reflecting decreased Federal require-
ments associated with regulatory reform activities and the availability of funds
under Section 205(g) and 205(j) of the CWA. Section 106 grants are supplemented
in States with available Section 205(g) funds and Section 205(j) funds. These
funds help States maintain base level water quality program operations.
In 1983, financial assistance program emphasis will continue to focus on
priority water segments, the adoption by States of attainable water quality
standards and use classifications, and the protection of those designated uses.
The Agency will work with States to assure that predominant local factors are
identified and considered by States in determining water quality based numerical
criteria. These criteria will be applied appropriately in NPDES permitting and
POTW decision-making to assure that only essential limitations are incorporated
in municipal and industrial permits and in construction grants, and to assure
more cost-effective public and private investments for pollution control.
Section 106 grants in 1983 will continue to emphasize State water quality
based program needs, including reissuance of permits with BAT and other control
requirements, source monitoring, development of data bases and analytical labo-
ratory capability, and compliance assurance, especially for municipal facilities.
AREAWIDEHASTE TREATMENT MANAGEMENT (Section 208)
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 533,497,900 for Section 208 grants under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Final grants were awarded to 140
State and designated areawide planning agencies targeted to projects with greatest
water quality need and demonstrated potential for plan implementation.
National priorities for grant awards emphasized the major identified nonpoint
source control needs (including urban runoff, agricultural runoff, and ground
water protection), and the Identification of self-financing approaches by- State
and local management agencies to support and oversee implementalon of approved
point and nonpoint source control programs. 1981 program highlights included:
-assisted local governments initiate cooperative intergovernmental approaches
to pollution control;
-provided assistance to State and local governments to identify cost-
effective financial and institutional approaches to implement needed source
control programs; and
-assisted passage and implementation of over 400 State laws and local
ordinances for point and nonpoint source pollution control.
1982 Program
Funding of this program was terminated in 1981. Mo funding was requested for
this program in 1982 or 1983.
MQ-75
-------
Although no funds are being requested, EPA is encouraging local governments
to continue voluntarily to be involved in bringing decision making closer to where
the problems are. Section 205{j) funds will be allocated to States to negotiate
urith local governments to clean up priority water bodies.
TRAINING GRANTS (Section 104)
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $2,068,900 for this program under the Abatement,
Control and Compl iance appropriation. Emphasis was placed on funding the develop-
ment of training guides and curricula in areas including treatment plant operations
and management and the fiscal and financial management techniques associated
with development and implementation of water quality management programs.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$500,000
The net increase of +$500,000 results from the following action:
- Congressional Actions. (+$500,000) A Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +5500,000 was applied to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation for academic training grants.
1982 Program
A Congressional add-on of $500,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance will
be used to support environmental fellowships.
1983 Program Request
We are requesting no funds for these grants 1n 1983.
WQ-76
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
19B2 19B2 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Dredge And Fill
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control i
Compl1 anee
Ocean Disposal
Petml ts
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Regulatory
Environmental Impact
Statement Preparation
Abatement Control &
Compl1ance
Environmental
Emergency Response *
Prevention
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$2,147.3 $2,881.6 $2,614.8 $2,336.3 $2,145.2 -$191.1
$1,306.7 $1,246.5 $539.9 $348.9 $344.9^ -$4.0
$985.3 $1,085,6 $1,084.2 $1,069.7 $1,223.4 $153.7
$128.2 $3,294.0 $3,128.0 $2,037.0 $2,343.2 ^ $306.2
$500.0
$4,533.7 $4,285.1 $4,230.8 $3,939.8 $4,030.9 $91.1
$4,232.6 $2,058.3 $1,991.3 $1,999.3 $1,593.0 / -$406.3
-------
I
~J
00
Standards 8
Regulations
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compl1ance
EPA 011/Hazardous
Substances Spill
Projects
Salaries S Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compllance
Water Quality
Strategies
WHIR QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
198Z
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,493.4 $3,913.6 $3,217.1 $2,894.3 $2,839.9 -$54.4
$924,9 $1,030.2 $424.0 $273.1 $339.2 $66.1
$30.2
$10,189.9 $12,165.9 $11,146.9 $10,240.1 $10,239.4 -$.7
$7,092.4 $7,629.0 $6,083.2 $4,658.3 $4,620.3 -$38.0
$17,282.3 $19,794.9 $17,230.1 $14,898.4 $14,859.7 -$38.7
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Dredge And Fill
63.4
80.7
74.3
68.3
55.3
-13.0
-------
Environmental
Emergency Response $
Prevention
MATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Ocean Disposal
Permits
Environmental
Emergency Response 8
Prevention
Standards &
Regul at Inns
EPA Oil /Hazardous
Substances Spill
Projects
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Dredge And Fill
Ocean Disposal
Permits
2-1.8
108.6
58.6
1.0
253.4
69.9
26.5
24.0 24.0 23.3 24.3 1.0
91.5 91.5 89.0 82.3 -6.7
83.5 63.2 60.6 55.9 -4.7
279.7 253.0 241.2 217,8 -23.4
85.7 78.7 72.7 58.2 -14.5
28.7 28.7 27.7 29.1 1.4
118.4
100.3
100.3
97.3
90.7
-6.6
-------
JO
lo
o
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1903 VS 1982
Standards &
Regulations
TOTAL WORKYEA^S
76.6
292.4
94.2
308.9
81.6
77.6
69.3 -8.3
289.3 275.3 247.3 -28.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,859,700 and 217.8 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $38,700 and 23.4 permanent workyears from 1982. Included in
this total is $10,239,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $4,620,300 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance.
Program Description
The water quality strategies implementation subactivity covers the Dredge
and Fill program, Ocean Disposal Permits program, Environmental Emergency Response
and Prevention program, and the Standards and Regulation program,
Dredge and Fill National management and program development regulating the
discharge of dredge or fill material (under Section 404 of the Clean Water
Act) is carried out under this program. Specific activities include State 404
program development with the goal of program transfer to the States, review of 404
permits for their conformity with the 404(b)(l) guidelines, coordinating 404-
related activities with other Federal, State and local agencies, and review of
environmental impact statements with dredge or fill implications.
Ocean Disposal The Ocean Disposal program includes the regulation of ocean
disposal by outfalls and by dumping, designation of disposal sites, development
of ocean-related policies, and participation in interagency programs that deal
with development of ocean resources. The ocean disposal programs authorized by
the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) of 1972 and the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, have been in operation since 1973.
The Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and
Other Matter, known as the London Dumping Convention (LDC), was negotiated in
London in 1972 and came into force on August 30, 1975. The United States is one
of the Contracting Parties (member nations) to the LDC, and the EPA Ocean Dumping
regulations and criteria are in compliance with these international requirements.
To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA
is authorized to regulate the disposition of all materials except dredged material
(which is regulated by the Corps of Engineers). (MPRSA prohibits the transporation
and dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents
and high level radioactive materials.) EPA has statutory responsibility for desig-
nating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.
In 1981, the Agency obligated $500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation to prepare Environmental Impact Statements as part of the
dumpsite designated process. Those resources, formerly budgeted under the Regu-
latory EIS Preparation program element, have been moved into Ocean Disposal*
Environmental Emergency Response -- The objective of EPA's Environmental
Emergency R'esponse ana'Prevention program is to protect public welfare, property
owners, and the environment from the hazards associated with accidental releases
of oil and other petroleum products to navigable waters of the United States,
as mandated by Section 311 of the Clean Water Act. EPA shares responsibility
for this program with the United States Coast Guard, which addresses those
incidents in coastal areas and the Great Lakes.
Activities in support of the objective are numerous. The Agency operates and
maintains a 24-hour capability to receive and respond to notifications of acci-
dental spills or threat of releases. Federal removal is directed at major inci-
dents where the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is
incapable of providing timely, adequate removal and where the States and local
HQ-81
-------
authorities lack the necessary expertise, equipment or funding. Removal by
responsible parties and State and local governments is also monitored by EPA to
ensure that cleanup is adequate. Federal regulations require the implementation
of Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans at oil storage
facilities and transfer points that could reasonably be expected to spill a
significant amount of oil into the waters of the United States. Regional EPA
staff, with assistance from contractor personnel, conduct compliance inspections
at selected non-transportation related (NTR) facilities included in the SPCC
program, in an effort to reduce the frequency and volume of releases that occur.
EPA also maintains an Environmental Response Team (ERT) to provide Regional
and State personnel with response training and on-site technical and operational
assistance at complex emergency incidents. The ERT is staffed by personnel with a
high degree of expertise in the areas of spill control and removal, spill sampling
and analysis techniques, and damage assessments.
Regional response capability is augmented through the Technical Assistance
Team (TAT) contract. This contract provides contractor workyears to assist
Regional staff and the ERT in responding to Section 311 spills and environmental
emergencies. A new contract is now being negotiated. Prior to 1982, this program
included 1.0 permanent workyear and $30,200 for response activities associated
with hazardous substances spills and hazardous waste site incidents under the
EPA Oil/Hazardflus Substances program element. With the passage of the Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA),
these response activities were transferred to the Superfund program.
Standards and Regulations This program includes development and publication
of water quality standards, regulations, and related guidance and development of
water quality criteria under Sections 304(a) and 307{a) of the Clean Hater Act.
These criteria are to reflect the latest scientific knowledge on the kind and
extent of all identifiable effects of toxic pollutant on human health and aquatic
life. Protocols are developed to provide scientific and technical guidance to
States on methods for developing criteria which reflect site-specific conditions.
EPA provides assistance to the States in applying these protocols. Assistance in
the development and review of State water quality standards 1s provided to ensure
that attainable uses and appropriate criteria are established, based on national
policies and guidelines.
DREDGE AND FILL
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,454,000 for this program. Of this amount,
$2,147,300 was for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,306,700 for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation. The major emphasis for the dredge
and fill program was State 404 program development. Program development grants
were made to eight states. In addition, EPA initiated a review of the program
in order to streamline requirements for transfer to the States. Other accom-
plishments for this program included reviewing over 10,000 Section 404 permits;
reviewing over 300 environmental impact statements with dredge or fill impli-
cations; and finalizing the Section 404(b)(l) guidelines.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,128,100 $3,154,700 $2,685,200
WQ-82
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The net decrease of -$1,442,900 results from several actions, as follows:
January - March. (-$860,500) This change represented a decrease of
$860,500 from the January submissioni of which $153,900 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $706,600 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance, this
reduction postponed the development of a dredge and fill activity management
information system and reduced assistance to States in the development of a
Section 404 program.
" Restructuring. (-$112,900) With the restructuring the majority of these
resources associated with Dredge and Fill activities are now under the itianage-
iient of the Office of Federal Activities. The remaining resources are being
moved to Standards and Regulations. These resources will provide for the
development and implementation of technical criteria» for review and comment
on permit application from the Corps of Engineers, or the States.
g. (-$151,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$151,400.
- Congressional Actions. (-$342,200) A reduction of -$139,100 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Funds for one interagency
agreement with another Federal agency will be eliminated. Funds for one
State grant will be eliminated, The balance of the cut will be applied to
program contracts.
An additional reduction of *$203,100 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($164,100) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($39,000) appropri-
ation to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-i-$24,100) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of an increase of $24,100 to Salaries and Expenses for essential
operating costs.
1982 ;_Pro_gram
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,685,200 and 68.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,336,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $348,900 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. In 1982, the Agency will continue its emphasis on
State 404 program development. It is possible that the first State assumption
grants will be made to several additional States. EPA will also finish stream-
lining requirements for program transfer to the States. EPA will work to expand
opportunities for state involvement in 404 activities. In addition, the Agency
expects to review over 10,000 Section 404 permits and 300 environmental impact
statements with dredge or fill implications.
1 983 Program R gguest
The Agency requests a total of $2,490,100 and 55.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,145,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $344,900 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This is a decrease of 13.0 permanent workyears and $195,500,
S191.100 of which is in Salaries and Expenses and $4,000 is in Abatement, Control
and Compliance. The Agency's major effort in this area will be to significantly
increase State involvement in the 404 program, whether through program transfer
in some cases or developing a formal role for States unable to accept program
transfer in the near future. In addition, the Agency expects to review over
8,000 Section 404 permits and 250 environmental impact statements with dredge or
fill implications. The program will concentrate on those actions with the most
significant environmental consequences.
UQ-83
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OCEAN DISPOSAL,, PERMITS PROGRAM
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 this program obligated $1,113,500. Of this amount, $985,300 was for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $128,200 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This included support for the development of
impact statements for ocean disposal site designation. The program accomplished
the following;
- Designated four sites, two for municipal sludges and two for dredged
materials.
- Prepared impact statements as part of the dumpsite designation process.
These resources were budgeted under the Regulatory EIS Preparation program
element. The 1981 obligations for this activity were $500,000 under the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation.
- Reviewed environmental impact statements for offshore oil and gas lease
sales and participated in the design of permit conditions for oil and gas dis-
charges in Georges Bank. The program is actively involved in designing environ*
mentally based effluent limitation controls for marine-based enterprises such as
ocean thermal energy conversion and deep seabed mining.
- Initiated the review of the ocean dumping regulations in response to a
recent District Court decision which ruled that the Agency must consider the
comparative risks of land- versus ocean-based disposal before precluding the use
of the ocean medium. The review will consider the integration of marine waste
management practices in the Agency's waste management program and focus on the
development of a waste characterization and basic physical measurements. It
will also focus on the surveying and designation of ocean sites for the safe
disposal of municipal and industrial wastes.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,379,600 $4,212,200 $3,106,700
The net decrease of -$1,272,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$167,400) This change represented a decrease of
$167,400 from the January submission, of which $1,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $166,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The reduc-
tion in extramural resources delayed the completion of one to two of 32
projected Environmental Impact Statements necessary for the designation of
Corps of Engineers' dredge disposal sites.
- Reprograimring. (-$12,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi scell aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$12,400.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,094,900) A reduction of -$826,200 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Data collection and anal-
ysis for determining the effects of ocean dumping at existing sites will be
reduced, resulting in the designation of three rather than five dump-sites.
Laboratory analysis and preparation of environmental impact statements
(EIS) on dredge spoil sites will be drawn out, resulting in five or six
final EISs and seven draft EISs produced in 1982.
WQ-84
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An additional reduction of -$268,700 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($28,900) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($239,800) appropria-
tions to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$1,800) The net increase applied to this activity
includes a decrease of -$25,000 from Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of +$26,800 to Salaries and Expenses for printing and other
contractual services,
1982 Program
In 19S2, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,106,700 and 23.3 permanent
workyears to this program of which $1,069,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,037,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. The majority majority of the extramural resources are to survey sites,
develop Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) and designate sites.
The Agency expects to implement parts of the ocean disposal program discussed
above as well as continuing other program activities as enumerated below,
> Screen 81 Corps of Engineers permits for environmental considerations
as required in Title I of MPRSA.
- Produce EISs designating five dredged material disposal sites for Corps
of Engineers projects;
- Provide technical support for making offshore permitting decisions.
- Develop an EIS and designate an ocean dumping site for municipal sewage
disposal.
<* Issue two research and two special permits for waste incineration at sea.
- Issue program guidance and appropriate controls and procedures for the
issuance of NPDES permits for offshore oil and gas and other offshore industries.
- Respond to the recent decision of United States District Cogrt for the
Southern District of New York in the case of City of New York versus EPA by revising
ocean dumping regulations and developing a municipal waste characterization
program.
- Work with NOAA and EPA research laboratories to collect and analyze data
related to ocean dumping, especially for use in designating suitable sites, and
ocean industrial operations.
- Develop initial guidance on bidassays for waste dumping, disposal of radio-
active wastes, certification of vessels for incineration of wastes, and the eval-
uation of balancing disposal alternatives.
- Prepare Annual Marine Protection, Research and Sancturies Act Report.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,566^600 and 24.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,223,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,343,200 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
is an increase of 5153,700 and 5306,200, respectively, and 1.0 permanent workyear,
which will allow the Agency to implement the ocean disposal program being deve-
loped in 1982. The program discussed above includes the revision of the ocean
dumping regulations and criteria. It will provide a much more comprehensive
ocean dumping program designed to include the ocean as a waste disposal alter-
native. Activities in 1983 will focus on:
UQ-85
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- Publishing final regulations on ocean dumping criteria revisions.
- Reviewing, processing, and issuing approximately 40 applications for ocean
disposal.
- Reviewing approximately 70 dredged material disposal permits and evaluate
requests by the Corps of Engineers for waivers.
- Providing assistance for NPDES permit development using CWA, Section 403
guidance on "unreasonable degradation."
..* Developing a data base to evaluate the impact of oil and gas drilling on
receiving waters. The data base will enable the development of general permits.
- Preparing 14 EISs for ocean disposal of dredged material.
- Surveying two municipal sewage disposal sites and develop EISS for these
sites.
- Preparing final guidance documents on bioassay procedures, vessel certifi-
cation, disposal of radioactive wastes and evaluation of balancing disposal
alternatives.
- Testing four wastes to determine their suitability for ocean disposal.
- Monitoring past dumping grounds to determine recovery rates and degree of
environmental damage and using results to develop mitigating measures.
- Analyzing monitoring data in Georges Bank and Flower Gardens to evaluate
NPDES permit conditions already in effect and recommending revisions in conditions
as appropriate.
- Preparing an Annual Report to Congress pursuant to MPRSA and London Dumping
Convention.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1981 Accomp11 shmgnts
In 1981, the Agency obligated $8,766,300 and 108.6 permanent workyears. Of
this amount, $4,533,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,232,600 for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Agency's
Technical Assistance Team (TAT) contract provided 53 contract workyears to assist
the Regional office staffs. Twenty TAT workyears were used in conducting 110
on-scene oil response actions, monitoring over 5,500 removals, completing over
2,000 spill prevention inspections, and conducting 25 damage assessments. Contract
resources also were used for prevention regulation development and State and
local program development.
In 1981, 33 TAT workyears supported response activities associated with
hazardous substances spills and hazardous waste site incidents, with the enact-
ment of CERCLA, these response activities and associated resources were trans-
ferred to the Superfund program.
1982 Explanation pf Changes from .. Janu_ary_ Bjjdlet Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,343,400 $6,222,100 $5,939,100
The net decrease of -$404,300 results from several actions, as follows:
WQ-86
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- Hargti. (-$121,300) This change represented a decrease of
$ 12T,3W from"the"January submission, of which $54,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $67,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The decrease
resulted in a reduced level of monitoring of cleanup actions taken by
responsible parties, State, or local agencies, and prevention inspections
performed following major spills.
- Reprograiming. (+$103,100) During the development of the operating
plan, severalmiscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+5103,100.
- Congressional Actions. (-$403,000) A reduction of -$525,000 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12$ reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. It was subsequently re-
stored ($525,000) by Congress in final action on the 1982 Appropriation
Bill.
An additional reduction of -$403,000 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation to meet Congresstonally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$16,900) The net increase applied to this activity
is +$16,900 to Salaries and Expenses to fund necessay operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,939,100 and 89.0 permanent
workyears to Environmental Emergency Response, of which $3,939,800 is for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and 51,999,300 is for extramural purposes
under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. During 1982, 20
TAT workyears are supplementing Agency resources in directing 130 on-scene oil
spill response actions, monitoring approximately 5,170 oil removals, conducting
over 2,200 SPCC inspections, and conducting 18 oil-related damage assessments.
1933 Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,623,900 and 82.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,030,900 is for Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
51,593,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an
increase of $91,100 and a decrease of $406,300, respectively. The 1983 resource
levels will enable the Agency to monitor an additional 28 oil spill removals
while maintaining a viable inspection program to prevent future releases.
The Environmental Emergency Response program will continue to maintain a 24
hour per day capability to receive and respond to accidental releases of oil and
other petroleum products. (Releases of hazardous substances are covered under
Superfund.) Twenty TAT workyears will support agency personnel in directing 130
oil spill removal actions; monitoring approximately 5,200 removals; conducting
over 1,400 SPCC inspections; and conducting 12 damage assessments. The cleanup
monitoring program will also continue to provide incentives for adequate removal
by responsible parties and serve as a mechanism for drawing State and local
agencies into directing removal themselves.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,418,300 and 58.6 permanent workyears. Of
this amount $2,493,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$924,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These contract
resources were used to review pollutants on and amend the Section 307(a) list,
to prepare criteria documents, develop site-specific water quality criteria
modification procedures and field testing, test toxicity procedures for dredged
WQ-87
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material, prepare a draft water quality standards regulation and assist Regions
and States in conducting use attainability analyses and in determining the eco-
nomic attainability of water quality standards. The program accomplished the
following:
Criteria and Standards
- Continued criteria development work on aquatic toxicity recommendations
for 14 toxic pollutants and on both human health and aquatic toxicity criteria
previously included in Quality Criteria for Water; completed chronic toxic cri-
teria for 20 pollutants for which acute toxic criteria had been previously deve-
1 oped.
- Completed actions on 7 petitions affecting 12 pollutants on the 307(a)
list and initiated action to remove one pollutant from the list.
- Developed draft site-specific criteria development methodology for testing
and application by the States. By enabling the States to set aquatic criteria for
stream uses based on local conditions, artifically high lab-derived criteria can
be avoided, thus eliminating the need for excessively stringent treatment require-
ments. Field-tested the protocol in four States,
- Prepared draft water quality standards regulation and initiated develop-
ment of policy and guidance to assist States in Devaluating existing stream
uses (use attainability) to give greater consideration to environmental and
economic impact of the established uses.
- Developed agreements in 38 States for water quality standards reviews on
priority stream segments.
- Assisted 20 States in conducting use attainability studies.
- Reviewed 11 proposed AST/AWT projects for water quality standards consi-
derations.
Clean LakesManagement
- Provided technical review for over 30 Clean Lakes project completion
requests and recommended appropriate award actions for up to 20 projects.
- Provided management assistance to approximately 200 operating Clean Lakes
projects.
- Continued the transfer of Clean Lakes Program responsibilities to State
and local agencies.
1982 ExplanatIon oftChanges^froro January Budget Es.t.1 mate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,943,800 $3,641,100 $3,167,400
The net decrease of -$1,776,400 results from several actions, as follows;
~ January - March. (-$1,415,600) This change represented a decrease of
$1,415,600 from the January submission, of which $809,400 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $606,200 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance support
to Clean Lakes grant management. The reduction eliminated the management
of the Clean Lakes grant program, in concert with the elimination of grant
dollars.
WQ-88
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- Restructuring, (+5112,900) With this restructuring, the majority of
these resources associated with Dredge and Fill activities are n&w under
the management of the Office of Federal Activities. The remaining resources
are being moved to Standards and Regulations. These resources will provide
for the development and implementation of technical criteria, for review
and comment on permit application from the Corps of Engineers, or the States.
- Reprogramming. (-$78,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogramtnings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$78,800.
- Congressional Actioris. (-$394,900) A reduction of -$118,700 was taken
against the Marchestimate reflecting the September 123 reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Less contractual technical
assistance will be provided to Regions and States for modifying criteria at
specific sites.
An additional reduction of -$276,500 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses (S244.300) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($32,200) appropria-
tions to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authprity. (+$300) The net increase applied to this activity
is $300 to "Salaries and Expenses for essential operating costs.
1982Program
In 1982 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,167,400 and 60.6 permanent
workyears for this program, including $2,894,300 for Salaries and Expenses and
5273,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Major accomplishments planned
for 1982 include the promulgation of a revised water quality standards regulation,
the evaluation of the removal of pollutants from the 307{a) list, field testing of
use attainability guidance, field validation and assistance to the States in
applying site-specific criteria procedures, and the transfer of Clean Lake Program
responsibilities to State and local agencies. Specific program objectives include
the following:
Criteria and Standards
- Evaluate 5 pollutants identified by the Agency as candidates for removal
from the 307(a) toxic pollutant list.
f- Develop 2 new protocols (methods) to develop water quality criteria for
specific site situations; Issue additional site-specific criteria development
methodologies.
- Field test site-specific criteria protocols in 10 states on 15 stream
segments and the guidance on use attainability analyses.
- Issue proposed water quality standards regulation which revises 1975 regu-
lation.
- Develop guidance on use attainability analyses, cost/benefit assessment
in achieving stream uses, general water quality standards program implementation
policies, and use of water quality criteria in NPDES permits.
- Review approximately 20 AWT/AST projects for water quality standards
issues.
Clean Lakes Management
- Review and approve grant applications for the completion of approximately
20 implementation lake restoration projects.
WQ-89
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1983 Program Request
In 1983, the Agency requests a total of $3,179,100 and 55.9 permanent work-
years. This includes $2,839,900 for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$339,200 for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This is a decrease of $54,400 and a decrease of 4.7 permanent
workyears in Salaries and Expenses and an Increase of $66,100 in Abatement,
Control and Compliance. In 1983, the Agency will de-emphasize criteria develop.
ment activities, which are nearing completion. The program will work toward
increasing State flexibility in setting economically and environmentally attain-
able standards and toward the application of site-specific criteria procedures
to set criteria at levels which reflect local environmental conditions. No
funds for Clean Lakes Management are requested. Program objectives will include
the following:
Criteria and Standards
- Promulgate final rule on water quality standards.
- Finalize guidance documents on criteria modification, use attainability,
and cost/benefit assessment to permit the use of water quality criteria in
wasteload allocations, and other general standards program policies.
- Initiate critical examination of the 307(a) list to identify pollutants
misclassified as toxic when the list was established.
- Develop one additional site-specific criteria protocol.
- Assist States in resolving issues on the adequacy of criteria on approx-
imately 60 stream segments; in conducting use attainability analyses; and in
determining the cost/ benefit assessment of water quality standards.
- Test new criteria modification protocols on 20 stream segments, with
the objective of providing States with a variety of inexpensive, streamlined
methodologies (e.g. biological, chemical protocols) for setting site-specific
criteria to assure attainable uses. This testing is necesssary to adapt the
protocols to actual field use.
- Analyze policy and technical causes related to application of criteria in
standards and update criteria recommendations.
- Evaluate Regional and State programs for application of new policies.
- Review 12 AST/AWT projects from water quality standards perspective.
- Analyze program impacts and develop regulatory and administrative options
to meet new requirements of CWA amendments.
WQ-90
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring 4 Analysis
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 19B2
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Water Quality
Monitoring
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Mater Quality TOTAL
Monitoring I Analysis
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
$7,981.3 $9,443.7 $8,479.2 $7,894.3 $8,791.7 $897.4
$2,382.5 $1,922.9 $879.9 $573.7 $375.7 -$198.0
$7,981.3 $9,443.7 $8,479.2 $7,894.3 $8,791.7 $897.4
$2,382.5 $1,922.9 $879.9 $573.7 $375.7 -$198.0
$10,363.8 $11,366.6 $9,359.1 $8,468.0 $9,167.4 $699.4
Ambient Water Quality
Moni tori ng
191.2
190.6
160.6
150.3
140.6
-9.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
191.2
190.6
160.6
150.3
140.6
-9.7
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring 4 Analysis
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ambient Water Quality 233.1 240.8 210.8 198.6 181.0 -17.6
Monitoring
TOTAL WORKYEARS 233.1 240.8 210.8 198.6 181.0 -17,6
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests $9,167,400 and 140.6 permanent vrorkyears for 1983, an
increase of $699,400 and a decrease of 9.7 permanent workyears from 1982. This
request includes $8,791,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$375,700 for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity develops water quality monitoring strategies, systems, and
procedures used to identify the biological and chemical measures of environmental
quality. These measures are necessary for assessing local water quality and
determining cost-effective controls required to meet local water quality objec-
tives. These are primarily State activities, supported by EPA. They include
water quality sampling and analysis to identify water quality problems, their
causes and relative severity, and technical studies to support the water quality
management program, including use attainability analyses.
The program also develops procedures for and assists States in using these
water quality data in technical analyses, including total maximum daily loads
(TMDLs) and wasteload allocations (WlAs). These analyses support the develop-
ment and implementation of specific discharge effluent limitations and controls.
This approach ensures that pollution controls necessary to meet local water
quality objectives are applied in permits issued to industrial and municipal
dischargers.
This program also manages national efforts to perform environmental benefit
assessments of water regulations and standards for inclusion in Regulatory
Impact Analyses (RIAs) and for fulfilling related requirements of Executive
Order 12291. This includes technical evaluations of the environmental exposure
and risks associated with the presence of key pollutants in surface waters.
Similarly, the program provides national guidance and technical assistance
for State efforts to analyze and report on their water quality and to identify
priority problem areas and needed State action to implement required controls.
This State effort also serves as an important water quality and program planning
information source for the State continuing planning process as required under
Section 3Q3(e) of the Clean Water Act. EPA's responsibility under Section
305{b) is to consolidate the information provided by the States into a national
water quality report which discusses water quality as well as program management
trends nationally. The program also provides user technical assistance for APP
systems used to manage State and EPA water quality information for these types
of analyses.
MATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $10,363;800. Of this amount $7,981,300 was
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,382,500 was for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. Major accomplishments included the develop-
ment of methodologies for assessing environmental benefits of water quality pro-
gram regulations and continued efforts to collect and analyze effluent samples
and develop environmental exposure/risk and fate data to help identify and
recommend which toxic pollutants require further regulatory controls or which
should be added or deleted from the Section 307(a) list of toxic substances.
Additional accomplishments included:
HQ-93
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- tentative identification and ranking of 20 areas which may need additional
protection from discharges of chemicals and metals;
- recommendation of control strategies for selected pollutants and areas;
- technical reviews of eight project proposals for advanced waste treatment
construction grants projects;
- assistance to the States on using TMDLs and WLAs in making pollution
control decisions; operation of a data clearinghouse for water monitoring
programs and computer systems support to water quality data users;
- continued improvement of data collection and analysis methodologies; and
- guidance and management of quality assurance programs for water quality
data collection and analysis.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$11,366,600 $9,359,100 $8,468,000
The net decrease of -$2,898,600 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$2,007,500) This change represented a decrease of
$2,007,500 from the January submission, of which $964,500 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,043,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
This decrease resulted in reduced oversight of State monitoring programs.
Also, there was some reduction in sampling and analyses for toxic organic
pollutants which were not as prevalent in surface water as originally be-
lieved. Finally, there was greater reliance on existing data and reduced
emphasis on pollutants which posed less of an environmental problem.
" Reprojrjimming. (-$78,300) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of
-$78,300.
- Congressi ona 1 Act ions. (-$906,700) A reduction of -$248,400 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Technical guidance to
Regions and States for performing toxic pollutant wasteload allocations will
be reduced. Current staff will continue to document storage and retrieval
system (STORE!) modules and update and distribute user assistance material.
An additional reduction of -$658,300 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($612,500) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($45,800) appropria-
tions to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer: Authority, (+$93,900) The net increase applied to this activity
is +S95v9UDto Salaries and Expenses which will fund necessary operating
costs,
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,468,000 and 150.3 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $7,894,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and-$573,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. A major focus of 1982 is the development and implementation of a
water monitoring strategy. The strategy endeavors to improve and upgrade water
quality data collection, analysis, and reporting for the States to define uses-,
WQ-94
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develop supporting criteria and standards; effectively plan control of pollutant
discharges; and measure the results of cleanup programs. Under this strategy,
EPA will rely upon the States to collect their own data and identify their water
body needs. The Agency will foster cooperation among local agencies, States,
the dischargers themselves, and the Regions to address these needs. Other pro-
gram objectives include the following:
- Complete testing of methodologies for assessing environmental benefits
of water quality program regulations for inclusion in RIAs; provide detailed
supporting data for RIAs for major proposed Effluent Standards and Guidelines
(the RIA efforts are described under that program); prepare RIAs for other program
regulations, including the revised water quality standards regulations;
- Develop Improved procedures for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting
biological data to assist both initial screening of surface waters with impaired
uses and detailed investigations of these areas to support site-specific control
decisions;
- Complete national aquatic life survey to provide an overview of the
biological status of the Nation's waters;
- Develop regulations and guidance for TMDLs and WLAs, and continue to
provide technical assistance to the States as requested;
- Continue to review water quality justifications for advanced wastewater
treatment construction grants projects;
- Upgrade the usefulness of State Section 305(b) water quality reports so
that they may be used to evaluate problems and set State pollution control prior-
ities; work with each State to develop appropriate methodologies to support
this effort;
- Phase out detailed oversight of State water quality monitoring programs,
relying instead on the water monitoring strategy as a tool to work with the
States in providing technical guidance and assistance in improving State capabil-
ities to conduct water monitoring programs;
- Develop and begin to implement a program to upgrade the quality of data
by segregating data of known and unknown quality in EPA's water quality informa-
tion system; continue to manage information systems for users, and provide tech-
nical assistance on system capabilities as required;
- Develop initial Regional quality assurance program plans, and assist a
limited number of States in implementing these plans.
1983 Program Request
In 1983, The Agency requests a total of $9,167,400 and 140.6 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $8,791,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $375,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This is a increase of $897,400 and a decrease of $198,000, respectively,
and 9.7 permanent workyears. Major accomplishments planned for 1983 include the
development of environmental benefits assessments for RIAs of major regulations
and implementation of the Regional and State elements of the water monitoring
strategy. Program objectives will include the following:
- Provide detailed technical data to support development of RIAs for proposed
Effluent Standards and Guidelines, and prepare environmental benefits assessments
for RIAs for existing Effluent Standards and Guidelines;
- Continue implementation of the water monitoring strategy, with emphasis
on more detailed State assessments of known or suspected use impairments attribut-
able to water pollution, including increased use of biological data; and on report-
HQ-95
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ing water quality and program management trends using Section 305(b) reports;
reduce emphasis on fixed monitoring stations;
- Implement strategies for targeting limited local, State, and EPA resources
toward the most severe water quality problems (including identifying and tracking
control progress in water quality problem areas);
- Review water quality justifications for advanced wastewater treatment
construction grants, and provide technical assistance to the States on preparing
TNDLs and WLAs;
- Continue to segregate inadequate data from information systems and update
the system so that it may better assist Agency efforts to develop RIAs; implement
the water monitoring strategy and support State water quality-based control
efforts;
i- Provide field and analytical support to the States for developing site-
specific water quality standards;
- Complete the review and approval process for Regional and State quality
assurance program plans.
WQ-96
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MATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 . 1903 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Corps Of Engineers
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Salaries it Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Manpower Planning 4
Training
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compl lance
$24,350.1 $26,416.9 $22,405.8 $22,146.2 $14,291.2 -$7,855.0
$4,055.8 $4,179.1 $4,279.1 $2,772.5 $1,904.4 -$868.1
$20,810.3 $22,518,0 $21,518.0 $16,232.5 $17,387.4 $1,154.9
$1,101.4 $1,528.0 $1,540.3 $1,497.0 $1,693.9
$129.6 $80.0 $80.0 $25.0
$1,477.8
$2,625.2
$196.9
-$25.0
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
NEPA Compliance
Municipal Waste
Facility Construction
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control $
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 5 Expenses
Abatement Control 3
Compliance
Municipal Source
Control
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,857.6 $2,679.8 $2,679.8 $3,018.1 $2,282.1 -$736.0
$4,725.5 $6,600.0 $6,600.0 $4,747.8 $6,210.6 $1,462.8
$28,309.1 $32,102.5 $26,625.9 $26,661.3 $18,267.2 -$8,394.1
$29,721.2 $36,002.3 $32,477.1 $23,777.8 $25,502.4 $1,724.6
$58,030.3 $68,104.8 $59,103.0 $50,439.1 $43,79.6 -$6,669.5
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations 8
Maintenance
Manpower Planning &
Training
718.3 719.4 595.4 566.1 331.7 -234.4
28.7 35.1 35.1 35.6 37.4 1.8
25.5
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
NEPA Compliance
Municipal Waste
Facility Construction
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Manpower Planning &
Training
NEPA Compliance
Municipal Waste
Facility Construction
TOTAL WORKYEARS
88.1 94.0 94.0 90,6 67.0 -23.6
832.1 874.0 724.5 692.3 436.1 -256.2
833.3 848.4 718.4 673.4 400.1 -273.3
29.4 36.7 36.7 37.1 39.0 1.9
39.5
90.2 95.0 95.0 91.6 67.0 -24.6
952.9 1,019.6 850.1 802.1 506.1 -296.0
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,769,600 and 436.1 permanent workyears
for this program of which $18,267,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $25,502,400 is under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. This restructered subactivity reflects the transfer of several
activities to State Programs Management, including oversight of the interagency
agreement with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, delegation management,
and the wastewater treatment training program.
Program Description
This area provides resources for management of most of the Construction
Grants Program, including those activities primarily related to project management
which have not been delegated to States under Section 205{g), Construction
grants are awarded to municipalities for construction of cost effective waste
water treatment facilities needed to meet water quality and public health
requirements.
Since 1977, EPA has been delegating most construction grant project manage-
ment activities to the States under Section 205(g) of the Clean Water Act. EPA
has negotiated agreements to provide for phased transfers of authority and respon-
sibility, except for those activities restricted to EPA by statute or current
regulation. A total of 46 States are expected to have signed delegation agree-
ments by the end of 1983, with 25 of the States fully delegated at that time.
EPA will continue to exercise some project management responsibilities in the
remaining nondelegated and partially delegated States and Territories. EPA is
working with all States to increase the rate and level of delegation and to
ensure effective overall results-oriented program management. With the continuing
assistance of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in priority construction management
activities, EPA is restructuring its historical role and resources from project
management to overall program management, State training, and State management
assistance.
For budgetary purposes, Construction Grants Program Management is divided
into the following four principal program elements:
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction -- This program includes
most of the day to day in-house management activities associated with the
Construction Grants Program in Headquarters and Regional Offices.
Corpsof Engineers This program covers a range of construction management
related activities assigned to the Corps of Engineers under interagency agreement
to assure the technical and fiscal integrity of wastewater treatment projects
construction.
Operationsand Maintenance -- This part of the program involves the con-
tinuous assessment of the performance of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
in accordance with Section 210 of the Clean Water Act. It also provides for
the support of State, local, and private 'sector efforts to ensure meeting
established effluent standards through improved operations and management.
NEPA Compliance The purpose of these activities is to assure that muni-
cipal wastewater treatment facilities are planned and constructed in conformance
with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
WQ-100
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MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIE£CgNSTlUCTIOI|
1981 Accompli shments
Obligations for management of the Construction Grants Program in 1981 totaled
528,405,900 and 718.3 permanent workyears, of which $24,350,100 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $4,055,800 for extramural activities under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance Appropriation.
EPA awarded construction grants totaling $3,941,567,000, with a total of
11,934 active projects at year end. Approximately 8,000 projects have received
grants for project construction (Step 3 and Step 2+3). Of this number, 3,795
projects representing 45X of those started were physically complete and on line
by the end of 1931; a total of 602 projects completed construction during the
year.
EPA initiated a number of legislative, regulatory, and administrative reforms
in 1981. Working with the States, EPA developed and submitted to the Congress
significant reforms in the Construction Grants Program designed to substantially
reduce the need for Federal funds, and to provide a more cost effective focus to
the program emphasizing identified water quality/public health needs. EPA also
developed and proposed revisions to program regulations and guidance designed to
simplify and streamline program requirements and provide increased flexibility
to States.
In 1981, the Agency initiated a program to eliminate backlogs of projects
awaiting completion, audit resolution, and closeout. Resources were directed
to assure that audit issues were resolved on projects within six months of audit
completion, consistent with Congressional directives. In a related area, policies
and procedures were established for managing projects to prevent and respond to
problems of waste, fraud, and abuse.
EPA developed guidance and began working with appropriate States to reorient
project priority systems and priority lists to assure funding of projects to
meet essential water quality and public health needs. Efforts were also devoted
to assuring that construction results in municipal wastewater treatment facilities
that are affordable and that continue to meet design and permit requirements
through effective operations and maintenance. The Agency's Municipal Management
System was used to coordinate water quality permits and construction grants
requirements.
The Agency encouraged the application of innovative and alternative (ISA)
technologies. Through 1981, approximately 800 ISA grants were awarded, largely
oriented to land application of sludge and land treatment of waste water.
Approximately 90 facilities currently are operational.
Intermedia guidance was developed and a number of States and communities
were provided assistance on cost-effective sludge management approaches. The
Agency signed an agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food
and Drug Administration supporting the use of sludge on land which will signifi-
cantly reduce sludge handling costs.
The secondary treatment marine discharge waiver program under Section 301 (h)
of the Act issued 13 tentative decisions >,on discharge waiver applications; 11
requests for waiver were approved based on documented needs. These waivers will
result in construction savings of approximately $800 million.
EPA maintained a detailed review process related to funding of advanced
treatment projects. These reviews, required by Congress, assure that projects
with incremental costs over $3 million provide significant water quality and
public health benefits. The Regions reviewed a total of 207 proposed advanced
treatment projects and referred 20 with incremental costs over $3 million to the
Administrator for review and approval. EPA's review of these projects is expected
to result in capital cost savings of over $760 million.
WQ-101
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1982 Explanation of Changesfrom JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimatg Estimate
$30,596,000 $26,584,900 $24,918,700
The net decrease of -$5,677,.300 results from several actions, as follows:
* January - March. (-$3,911,100) This change represented a decrease of
$3,911,100 from the January budget, of which a $4,011,100 decrease in
Salaries and Expenses was offset by a $100,000 increase in Abatement, Control
and Compliance. The decreases reflect the reduced appropriation which
results in fewer awards to be processed. Additionally, staff decreases
reduced the scope of efforts to implement new program thrusts related to
municipal self sufficiency, integrated waste management. Federal oversight
of delegated programs and expanded use of innovative/alternative technology.
" Reprogramming. (+$255,400) During the development of the operating
pi an, several miscellaneous reprogramnrings., which are not repqrtable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+$255,400.
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,070,000) A reduction of -$1,232,300 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction in
funding will eliminate the reach file work for water quality based priprity
system and reduce quality reviews of facility plans. Also we will eliminate
technical assistance to grantees in the areas of grant processing, contract
administration, contract resolution.
A Congressional add-on to this activity of +$350,000 was applied to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation for AWT Review reflecting final action
on our 1982 Appropriation Bill.
An additional reduction pf -$1,187,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($913,400) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($274,300) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (+$48,400) The net increase applied to Salaries and
Expenses (+$48,400) wi 11 fund necessary operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency is allocating a total of $24,918,700 and 566.1 permanent
workyears to this program of which $22,146,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$2,772,500 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation.
The Agency has requested a supplemental appropriation for funding of the
Construction Grants Program in 1982 at a level of $2.4 billion. EPA expects
obligations from the anticipated appropriation and monies from prior years to
fund approximately 693 grants totaling $3.4 billion. Approximately 1,186 projects
are expected to be completed and brought into operation, nearly double the 1981
level. !
EPA will begin implementing the 1981 amendments. The effects of the
amendments are described more fully under the Construction Grants request.
Streamlined construction grants program regulations will be promulgated which
will stress maximum flexibility in carrying out the program at the State and
local level.
HQ-102
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During 198Z, the Agency is continuing a major effort to reorient the
management of the program away from Federal project decision making and toward
oversight of delegated State program activities. The States are being given
maximum flexibility in carrying out delegation activities. EPA is working with
States to identify program priorities and assure that results are achieved in
key program areas.
Priorities for 1982 include improving municipal waste treatment facilities
performance; ensuring projects affordability (including use of innovative and
alternative technologies); significantly improving the rate of project completion,
audit resolution, and project closeout; eliminating the potential for waste,
fraud, and abuse; accelerating the rate and levels of State program delegation;
and meeting annual obligation and outlay projections.
Working with the Corps of Engineers, the Agency will increase efforts to
eliminate backlogs of projects awaiting completion, audit resolution, and close-
out. Consistent with Congressional directives, program staff will resolve audit
issues within six months of audit completion. The Corps of Engineers will also
assist EPA in the prevention of waste, fraud, and abuse in the program through
on-site presence at large facilities and construction management evaluations,
and to respond effectively to allegations or evidence of problems identified to
the Agency*
EPA will provide appropriate assistance to States in targeting funds to
meet highest priority water quality and public health needs, in developing water
quality and public health based priority systems and lists, identifying high
cost or other problem projects, considering point source/nonpoint source control
tradeoffs, using innovative and alternative technologies, dealing with infil-
tration and inflow issues, and evaluating before-and-after monitoring of water
quality impacts of construction. The Needs Survey will be modified to Incorporate
legislative reforms and to reorient funding more directly to a water quality
needs.
The Agency will complete determinations on the 17 pending Section 301 (h)
marine discharge waiver requests from affected major cities. In addition,
procedures will be established for completing determinations on the remaining
small cities which requested waivers prior to enactment of the 1981 amendments
and for reviewing additional requests for waivers provided for in the new legis-
lation. By the end of 1982, EPA will have established procedures for ensuring
permit compliance by coastal cities.
EPA Headquarters will continue to review requests for funding of advanced
treatment projects with incremental costs exceeding $3 million. Regional offices
are expected to review 115 advanced treatment projects and to refer proposed
projects requiring the Administrator's review for decision. Criteria issued in
1982 will require proposed advanced treatment projects to meet more stringent
water quality needs based criteria for funding eligibility.
The documentation and analysis of the results of 28 Nationwide Urban Runoff
Program projects will be completed and an Interim report submitted to the Congress
on the results of this major three-year effort. The Agency expects to identify
the extent and nature of urban runoff problems in the country and to recommend
any appropriate actions to the Congress.
1983 Program Request
In 1983, the Agency requests $16,195,600 and 331.7 permanent workyears for
this activity, including 514,291,200 under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1*904,400 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation. This
represents a reduction of 234.4 permanent workyears and $8,723,100, including
$868,100 in Abatement, Control and Compliance funds. These changes reflect the
restructuring of several budgetary program elements, but also reflect increased
State delegation, streamlined Federal oversight, and a reduction in support for
technological assistance.
WQ-103
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With a proposed 1983 construction grants appropriation of $2,400,000,000,
EPA expects to award approximately 661 grants. Including prior year completions,
65% of all construction project awards since 1973 will have been completed.
Although EPA does :not expect any additional States will accept initial
delegation of program responsibility in 1983, 25 delegated States will have
assumed full delegation of program management responsibility, an increase of 11
over 1982. EPA will continue to maintain project management responsibility in
the States and territories not delegated and for nondelegated activities in
other States. The States will have 2,300 personnel committed to program manage-
ment in 1983.
As manager of a largely delegated program in 1983, EPA will primarily ful-
fill the role of overall program manager by working with delegated States to
define annual national program priorities and objectives, monitor delegated
State programs, and provide needed management assistance. The Federal program
will emphasize results oriented oversight of a limited number of high priority
program activities where there are direct financial, water quality, or public
health concerns.
EPA will work to ensure that funded projects meet identified water quality
and public health needs; that projects are affordable to the populations served;
that completed facilities are operated and maintained effectively to meet design
and effluent permit requirements; that facilities are completed, closed out, and
brought on line as quickly as possible; and that waste, fraud, and abuse in the
program is prevented and eliminated.
Annual guidance documents will be updated to reflect continuing regulatory
reform and legislative changes. EPA will work with the States to complete
necessary modifications to State priority systems and project priority lists.
This activity will incorporate additional water quality and public health based
project funding criteria.
EPA expects to eliminate all remaining project completion and audit reso-
lution backlogs. All 1,250 project completions will be referred to audit and
all audit issues resolved within six months of project and audit completion;
major efforts will also continue with the assistance of the Corps of Engineers
to reduce delays in final project closeouts.
During 1983, EPA and the Corps of Engineers will continue intensive efforts
to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse in the program and to respond effectively to
allegations or evidence of problems. The Corps of Engineers will conduct
preconstruction reviews, maintain on-site presence at all large, complex projects,
and conduct interim and final inspections. EPA will also conduct over 125 on-site
evaluations of projects under construction to minimize construction and operations
problems. Program staff will take appropriate actions in cooperation with the
Inspector General in response to problems of waste, fraud, and abuse.
Technical implementation criteria and guidance will be issued based on a
broadened definition, issued in 1982, of eligible secondary treatment processes.
State assistance also will be provided to help implement cost-effective, publicly
acceptable programs for sludge management and disposal. Efforts with respect to
implementation of innovative and alternative treatment technologies will con-
centrate on disseminating information on model approaches, identifying proven
technologies no longer eligible for incentive funding, and assisting nationally
significant small waste flows treatment projects.
The Section 301(h) marine discharge waiver program will focus in 1983 on
technical monitoring support and review of requests from small cities submitted
before the 1981 amendments. The Agency will continue to receive and consider
requests submitted under the amended legislation. By the end of 1983, program
emphasis for large cities will shift to permit compliance assurance.
WQ-104
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Based on the 1981 amendments, the Needs Survey will be accelerated to meet
the mandated December 31, 1982, completion date and will be revised to reflect
the new water quality and public health oriented eligibilities.
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
1981 Accomplishments
The interagency agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was funded
at a level of $20,810,300 in Abatement, Control and Compliance to support various
wastewater treatment facilities construction management activities. The Corps
provided approximately 640 workyears of support to EPA and State construction
grants program management in 1981.
The Corps performed biddability and constructability reviews to assure that
designs were technically adequate prior to construction contract awards; managed
65% of active projects under construction; and performed interim and final
inspections on 3,900 projects. Continuing on-site presence was maintained at
all large, complex projects to minimize potential for waste, fraud, and abuse.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$22,518,000 $21,518,000 $16,232,500
The net decrease of -$6,285,500 results from several actions, as follows:
" january - jjarch. (-$1,000,000) This change represented a decrease of
$1 ,OM,000Trbra the January budget, all of which was in Abatement, Control
and Compliance. There was a minimal reduction in Step 3 inspections.
- Congressional Actions. (*$5,285,500) A reduction of -$3,642,400 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. An additional re-
duction of -$1,643,100 was applied to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriaton to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels. The
impact should be minimal since the Corps has unexpended 1981 funds available
in 1982.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $16,232,500 under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation for the interagency agreement with the the Corps of
Engineers.
Under the agreement, with unexpended obligations from prior years, the
Corps will provide an estimated 582 workyears projected to be funded under the
agreement. The total program level in 1982 will be $22,700,000 including
$6,467,500 in carryover from the 1981 program.
The Corps will continue to perform biddability and constructability reviews,
manage 40% of active projects under construction, perform interim and final
inspections at 3,900 projects, and maintain on-site presence at large complex
projects. Supporting high priority efforts to eliminate backlogs, the Corps
will play a key role in accelerating project completions and project closeouts
through conducting administrative reviews prior to audit and closing put completed
projects.
UQ-105
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,387,400 under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of $1,154,900 from the 1982 current esti-
mate. This increase is necessary because of the absence of unexpended carryover
funds which were available in 1982, but which are not available in 1983, Total
expenditures for the Corps will actually decrease by $5,300,000 from $22,700,000
in 1982 to $17,400,000 in 1983.
These extramural funds will be used to support priority wastewater treatment
facility construction management activities by Corps of Engineers personnel.
The Corps of Engineers will provide an estimated 440 workyears. Corps staff
will conduct biddability and constructability reviews prior to award of construc-
tion contracts, conduct interim and final construction inspections for approx-
imately 2,700 projects, manage 35S of active projects under construction, maintain
on-site presence at large complex projects, and play a major role in administra-
tively completing and closing out backlog projects.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $1,231,000 for this activity,
including $1,101,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $129,600 for extramural
purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. With this
extramural support, the Agency launched an effort to improve facilities perfor-
mance through improved management techniques.
Training materials on financial management were developed as well as a
computer model to identify problems potentially leading to difficulties in plant
performance. Joint efforts continued with the States and between EPA construction
grants and compliance personnel to improve the performance of publicly owned
treatment works (PQTVIs) performance. Nearly 300 completed facilities were eval-
uated and assistance provided. In addition, an annual survey of the efficiency
of PQTW operation and maintenance was completed under Section 210 of the Clean
Water Act.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,608,000 $1,620,300 $1,522,000
The net decrease of -$86,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (+$12,300) This change represented an increase of
$12,300 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
- Reprogramming. (+$65,300} During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogranmrings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +565,300.
- Congressional Actions. (-$165,300) An additional reduction of -$165,300
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($110,300) and Abatement, Control
and Compliance ($55,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$1,700) The net increase applied to Salaries and
Expenses of +$1,700 will fund necessary operating expenses.
yq-106
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,522,000 and 35.6 permanent
workyears to this activity of which $1,497,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$25,000 is under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. During
1982, a major program priority is incorporating operations and management
considerations into plannning, design, and construction activities. The Agency
will work to improve the performance of major treatment facilities which have
been constructed with the support of Federal funds. This will be a concerted
effort by both grant and enforcement program staffs to provide for optimum
performance of such facilities and to assure a sound return on invested dollars.
The Agency will issue guidance on financial management practices to ensure
that municipalities are capable of self-sustaining operations and maintenance.
An effort funded in 1981 to track the relationship between operations and manage-
ment decisions and water quality will be assessed for use in transferring effec-
tive operations and management practices.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,693,900 and 37.4 permanent workyears for
this activity under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase of
ST95.900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
costs. The decrease of $25,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation represents completion of an extramural effort to identify facilities
needing assistance.
In 1983, the Agency will continue to place major emphasis on improving the
performance of facilities constructed with Federal funds in a concerted effort
by grants and permit/enforcement staffs. While attention will continue to be
applied to major facilities, the focus will shift to enhancing the performance
of smaller facilities. Significant gains in the performance of all facilities
constructed with Federal funds are anticipated. States with delegated programs
will provide major support for these efforts.
NEPA COMPLIANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $7,583,100 for this activity, of which
$2,857,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and $4,725,500 was under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance Appropriation. In addition to ongoing work in reviewing
environmental information documents, preparing environmental assessments, and
issuing findings of no significant impact, the Agency initiated 49 environmental
impact statements (EIS) and related studies.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,279,800 $9,279,800 $7,765,900
The net decrease of -$1,513,900 results'from several actions, as follows:
- Reprogramming. (+$374,400) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+S374.400.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,904,400) A reduction of -$1,852,200 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the .September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will
result In approximately nine fewer environmental impact statements.
WQ-107
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An additional reduction of -$52,200 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation le-
vel s.
- TransferAuthority. (+$16,100) The net increase applied to Salaries and
Expenses of+116,100 wi 11 fund necessary operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $7,765,900 and 90.6 permanent workyears
for this activity, of which $3,018,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and $4,747,800
is under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The contract
resources will be used to fund preparation of EISs and related studies. The
Agency expects to initiate 37 new studies in 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,492,700 and 67.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,282,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,210,600
for contractual support under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $736,000 in Salaries an?l Expenses and 23,6 permanent
workyears and an increase of $1,462,800 in extramural funding. The decrease is
associated with reduced personnel costs as more grantees will be responsible for
EIS management in 1983.
It is expected that 46 EISs and related studies will be initiated in 1983,
an increase of 9 over 1982. EPA will focus on assuring effective environmental
assessments are keyed to specific issues; preparing creditable and defensible
findings of no significant impact; and encouraging grantees to disclose results
to the public in a more effective manner.
WQ-108
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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MATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compl1ance
Water Quality
Enforcement-Office of
Legal 8 Enforcement
Counsel
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Water Quality
Enforcement
TOTAL
$15,577.1 $18,741.1 $16.956.9 $16,109.2 $13,181.0 -$2,928,2
$606.1 $2,514.2 $1,114.2 $829.0 $176.9 -$652.1
$2,971.8
$1,400.0 $324.8
-$324.8
$15,577.1 $18,741.1 $16,956.9 $16,109.2 $13,181.0 -$2,928.2
$3,577.9 $2,514.2 $2,514.2 $1,153.8 $176.9 -$976.9
$19,155.0 $21,255.3 $19,471.1 $17,263.0 $13,357.9 -$3,905.1
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL JAMUARV MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hater Quality
Enforcement
453.7 514.0 473.4 431.6 326.1 -105.5
4S3.7 514.0 473.4 431.6 326.1 -105.5
517.6 576.3 526.9 479.7 365.7 -114.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 517.6 576.3 526.9 479.7 365.7 -114.0
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,357,900 and 326.1 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $3,905,100 and 105.5 permanent workyears from 1982,
Included In the total is $13,181,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $176,900 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance, with a decrease of $2,928,200 and $976,900
respectively. The decrease primarily reflects the transfer of legal activities
to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
Program Description
Water Quality Enforcement The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Enforcement"Program monitors compliance, initiates administrative
enforcement actions, and provides technical support for enforcement litigation
against violators of NPDES permits. The compliance status of permittees is
monitored through on-site inspections and/or the review of self-monitoring
reports. Administrative or judicial action is initiated in cases of significant
noncompliance. In 1983, this subactivity covers compliance monitoring, compli-
ance strategy development, and administrative enforcement remedies. Legal case
development and referral of actions to the Department of Justice are covered
in the enforcement operations subactivity.
Compliance monitoring of NPDES permittees is a major function under this
subactivity. Monitoring is conducted through on-site inspections and through
self-monitoring conducted by the permittee and reported to the Agency. A quality
assurance program ensures the integrity of self-monitoring data.
Identification of noncompliers, initiation of action to secure compliance,
and negotiation leading to administrative enforcement resolution are the major
functions of this subactivity. Where negotations are ineffectual, cases will be
referred to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel for action and possible
referral to the Department of Justice. Technical support for such referrals is
provided as a function of this subactivity.
In addition to the NPDES portion of the Water Quality Enforcement Program,
administrative and technical support is provided for the issuance of administra-
tive actions against violations of the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeas*
ure Plan requirements. Referrals are made to the U.S. Coast Guard for civil
penalty assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations (Section
311(b)(6) (A)) in waters where EPA has jurisdiction, and inspection support is
provided for enforcement against illegal dredge and fill activities (Section
404).
Water QualityEnforcement » Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel This
program element: provides contract funds to support a portion of the enforcement
data system and to assist in case development and training activities related to
Water Quality Enforcement.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT ;
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 the Agency obligated a total of $19,155,000 for this program,
including $15,557,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,577,900
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Contract resources were used to meet ADP information needs, provide techni-
cal and legal case support, and conduct monitoring and inspection training.
During 1981,'the activities supporting enforcement actions in emergency situa-
WQ-T11
-------
tions involving substantial threats to public health and safety received the
highest program priority.
Enforcement against municipal facilities that missed the secondary treatment
deadline of July 1, 1977, was also a priority. Approximately 140 Administrative
Orders under Section 301(A)(5)(a) were issued in 1981. Permit, enforcement, and
construction grant activities are coordinated to expedite municipal construction
and increase municipal compliance.
Seventeen major source enforcement cases against industrial facilities have
been brought to conclusion.
Regional Offices conducted 2,800 compliance inspections, issued 69 Notices
of Violation and 562 Administrative Orders, and referred 37 cases to the Depart-
ment of Justice. In States without approved NPDES programs, EPA reviewed major
discharger self-monitoring reports.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
consisted of 672 referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard for assessment of civil penal-
ties and 406 administrative actions for violation of Spill Prevention and Control
Counter-measure plan requirements.
Enforcement of Section 404 provisions focused on identifying illegal dis-
charges of dredge and fill material. Twenty administrative actions were taken.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$21,255,300 $19,471,100 $17,263,000
The net decrease of -$3,992,300 results from several actions, as follows:
January -March. (-$839,200) This change represented a decrease of
$839,200 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Ex-
penses. This reduction resulted in a decrease in pretreatment enforcement
activities,
" Reorganization. (-$945,000) These resources were moved to Technical
Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (National Enforcement
Investigation Center - NEIC). The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so that
their resources could be more readily identified and (b) organizational ly>
the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an Agency restucturing these resources
were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under one program element.
This reflects the consolidation of these similar activities providing quick
technical response in emergency situations.
Reprogramminq. (-$42,100) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrartimings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of
-$42,100.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,895,200) A reduction of -$720,600 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction affec-
ted contract resources in Region IX and Headquarters enforcement. The im-
pact of this reduction Is minimal due to a rescheduling of priorities and
greater in-house efficiencies afforded by new equipment that will enable
lab analyses to be conducted by EPA personnel. Support of enforcement
activities will be reduced as well as support t"o the Agency's docket system.
WQ-112
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An additional reduction of -$1,174,600 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($919,800) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($254,800) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels-
- Transfer Authority. (-$270,800) The net decrease applied to this act-
ivity includes a decrease of -$385,000 to Abatement, Control and Compliance
and an increase of +$114,200 to Salaries and Expenses. These funds were
moved to Technical Support-Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. In addi-
tion, the funds will be used to cover expenses for the rental of word proces-
sing equipment.
1982Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $17,263,000 and 431.6 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $16,109,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,153,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. During
1982, the program will continue to emphasize achieving an improved rate of muni-
cipal compliance while working to promote cooperation between Headquarters, Reg-
ional, and State agencies.
The compliance program will encourage the development of greater State
technical expertise and will encourage States to assume more of the compliance
monitoring activities. A revised strategy for the compliance inspection program
will be developed. A neutral inspection scheme, to satisfy the judicial, require-
ment for objective random selection of candidates for compliance inspections,
will be implemented. A system will also be developed for establishing a statis-
tical basis for tracking compliance of major and minor industrial and municipal
permittees. An estimated 2,200 compliance inspections will be conducted. Eight
NPDES compliance monitoring training and guidance manuals developed in 1981 will
be put into use. Quality assurance will become a more important part of the
program.
Approximately 720 administrative orders and notices of violation will be
issued. Non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities are expected to increase
to 576 actions under the spill control program, 890 oil and hazardous substances
spill referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard, and 150 dredge and fill inspections
planned.
Support will be provided to help delegated States develop their municipal
management systems and maintain their data systems. The National Permit Compli-
ance ADP system, used by both States and Regions, will be maintained.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,357,900 and 326.1 workyears for this
program, of which $13,181,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$176,900 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a
decrease of $2,928,200 and $652,100 respectively. The reduction in resources
for this activity from 1982 to 1983 is attributable, in part, to a reorganization
within the Agency of enforcement responsibilities. All resources associated with
case development and legal activities have been transferred to the new Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. The Office of Water will continue to identify
and respond to instances of noncompl lance with permit requirements and seek
resolution through negotiations, administrative remedies, or referrals to the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel for further action. In 1983 significant
progress will be made by the Office of Water in two key areas: municipal compli-
ance and compliance by Industrial facilities with second-round permits.
Improvement in Municipal Compllance
The NPDES program will continue to focus on improving the rate of municipal
compliance. Support will be provided for the municipal management system, which
promotes coordination of permitting, compliance monitoring, and construction
WQ-113
-------
grant priorities. The Agency will continue the program for tracking compliance ' ,.
of major and minor municipalities on a statistical basis. Review and evaluation 1
of compliancG of Federally funded permittees will be developed and implemented
with the support of the Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction and Op-
erations activity. Where Instances of noncompliance occur, municipal operations
and maintenance procedures will be evaluated to determine the cause of the vio-
lation. When inadequate operation and maintenance is determined to be a causal
factor of violation, the Agency will audit prior years' municipal budget and
operations records to determine if the problem is a result of inadequate funding
through the EPA-approved user charge system.
Effect i veCompl i a neeHoni tori ng
We expect to Improve the quality of self-monitoring data submitted by NPDES
permittees through the Monitoring Report Quality Assurance program. The compli-
ance inspection program will be managed and necessary follow-up activities coor-
dinated. Regional operating efficiency in the compliance review area will be
enhanced through reform of discharge monitoring report requirements and improved
compliance inspection strategies. Technical support to legal programs will be
provided and more resources will be allocated to improving the technical capabil-
ities of State a programs in order for the States to assume more of the compli-
ance monitoring activities.
Headquarters will review and evaluate Regional compliance programs, give
guidance on compliance policy and enforcement remedies, and provide technical
and administrative support as necessary. Regional administrative enforcement
activity will be monitored to ensure consistent implementation of national pol-
icy. The Permit Compliance ADP System (PCS) will be strengthened and improved,
and additional NPDES States will be encouraged to use PCS.
Non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities will continue at or slightly
above the 1982 level. Technical assistance and support will be provided to the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel in the development of civil and criminal
referrals to the Department of Justice.
WATER qUALITY ENFQRCEMEfrr - OFFICE OF LEGAL AMD ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
1981 Ac com \ is; hmenits
The Agency obligated $2,971,800 in Abatement, Control and Compliance funds
to provide support to the enforcement docket system, case development, and
training efforts.
1982 Explanation of^hanjes frpm January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,400,000 $324,800
The net increase of +$324,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- Reorganization. (+$1,400,000) Resources totaling $1,400,000 were moved
to Water Quality Enforcement to form this newly established office to support
case development and systems development activities* The functions Supported
by these resources remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was
created, (a) so that their resources could be more readily identified and
(b) organizationally the center now falls under the responsibility of the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
- Congressional Actions. (-$737,200) A reduction of -$571,200 was taken
against the March estimate, reflecting the 12% reduction to the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will reduce enforce-
WQ-114
-------
ment activities as well as the Agency's docket system. An additional reduc-
tion of -$166,000 was applied to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$338,000) These funds were transferred to Tech-
nical Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $324,800 in Abatement, Control and Compliance funds
to provide support to the enforcement docket system, ease development, and train-
ing efforts.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program element in 1983. Development
of the docket system has been completed and the case development functions will
be centralized and carried out by the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
WQ-115
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MATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permits Issuance
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
Permits Issuance
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control *
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Water Quality Permits TOTAL
Issuance
PERMANENT FULL-TIME MORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$7,109.9 $9,767.9 $7,820.9 $7,146.2 $6,986.6 -$159.6
$4,294.0 $7,329.6 $6,984.5 $4,314.0 $3,209.9 -$1,104.1
$7,109.9 $9,767.9 $7,820.9 $7,146.2 $6,986.6 -$159.6
$4.294.0 $7,329.6 $6,984.5 $4,314.0 $3,209.9 -$1,104.1
$11,403.9 $17,097.5 $14,805.4 $11,460.2 $10,196.5 -$1,263.7
Permits Issuance
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
R08.9
208.9
260.3
260.3
199.6
199.6
1B9.1
189.1
163.9
163.9
-25.2
-25.2
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permits Issuance
TOTAL
WORKYEARS
Permits Issuance
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
ACTUAL
1981
246.5
246.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
317.5
317.5
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
253.3
253.3
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
237.5
237.5
ESTIMATE INCREASE
1983 DECREASE
1983 VS 19(
206
206
.3 -31.2
.3 -31.2
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WATER QUALITY
Permits Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,196,500 and 163.9 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $1,263,700 and 25.2 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is $6,986,600 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,209,900 for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance, representing a decrease of $159,600 and $1,104,100,
respectively.
Program Description
The NPDES permit program is part of a comprehensive effort provided by the
Clean Water Act to reduce or eliminate point source pollution from industrial,
municipal, commercial, and agricultural discharges. The Act prohibits the dis-
charge of pollutants into all waters of the United States unless a permit is
issued by EPA or an EPA-approved State program.
the permit is a mechanism for imposing discharge limitations on point source
dischargers based on national effluent limitation guidelines, national perform-
ance standards for new source facilities, or water quality standards. Where
national effluent limitation guidelines have not been promulgated for a particu-
lar industrial discharger, the effluent limits are set by the permitting author-
ity using best professional judgment based on available and economically feasible
abatement technology. Those permits are issued case by case. Additionally, if
at a given facility, established national effluent limits will not reduce pollu-
tants enough to meet the ambient water quality standards set by the State or EPA,
the permit imposes more stringent limitations to meet the water quality stand-
ards. Permits also include time schedules which specify deadlines for pollutant
reduction.
Controlling discharges of priority pollutants including toxics is the major
emphasis of the NPDES permit program. Direct discharges of these pollutants
into navigable waters are controlled by the inclusion of Best Available Technol-
ogy (BAT) limitations into industrial permits. Indirect discharges of priority
pollutants, that is, industrial discharges to publicly owned sewerage systems,
are controlled though the pretreatment program. This program, established by
the Act, gives municipalities and States the primary responsibility for enforcing
national pretreatment standards.
Another important function of the NPDES program is providing technics] sup-
port for evidentiary hearings held on the terms, conditions, and effluent limi-
tations in permits and requests for variances from permit effluent limitations.
EPA also conducts nonadversarial panel hearings for municipalities which have
requested marine discharge modifications under Section 301(h) of the Clean Water
Act. Nonadversarial panel hearings are used in issuance of an NPDES permit to
a discharger that has not previously held an NPDES permit, as well as in deci-
sions on variances requested by direct dischargers.
A primary function of the permit program is the encouragement of State
assumption of responsibility for the NPDES program. At present, 33 States .and
one Territory have approved NPDES programs.,
PERMITS ISSUANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 the Agency obligated a total of SI 1,403,900 for this program, in-
cluding $7,109,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,294,000
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WQ-118
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In 1981, EPA issued a total of 474 major and 1,345 minor permits. (EPA
classifies dischargers as "major" or "minor" depending on the volume, strength,
toxics, and potential environmental consequences of their effluent.) Of the
1,819 permits issued, 229 were major industrial permits; 1,230, minor industrial;
245, major municipal; and 115, minor municipal. Permit issuance activities in-
cluded assistance to the pretreatment program, technical guidance on second
round permit issuance with emphasis on toxic control and updating of the infor-
mation system.
In 1981, industry teams, composed of EPA Regional, Headquarters, and State
personnel, were established to develop primary industry permits, which include
permits for industries with priority pollutants. These teams assisted in trans-
lating guidelines into permit conditions and in developing permit conditions for
industrial subcategories where guidelines were not scheduled.
EPA began in 1981 to issue resource-saving general permits to operations
with similar discharges. Three general permits were issued for over 2,000 off-
shore oil and gas exploratory drilling and production operations. Additionally,
one draft permit has been published and two additional draft permits were devel-
oped for many of the Outer Continental Shelf (DCS) operations in the Gulf of
Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.
A review of all permitting regulations, policies, and procedures began in
1981 to streamline the permitting system by reducing paperwork and reporting
burdens on permittees, and to encourage State program approvals. This effort
represents the Headquarter's highest priority activity. Additionally, proposed
regulations were published which provide procedures for evaluating requests for
extension of compliance deadlines where innovative technologies are to be used
for controlling toxic or nonconventional pollutants [Section 301(k) of the Clean
Water Act].
A regulatory impact analysis of the general pretreatment regulations has
been drafted, and will serve as the basis for revising pretreatment regulations
and policies.
EPA directed its efforts to the development of local pretreatment programs
and to the development of State capacity to receive pretreatment authority.
More than 75% of existing municipal permits were modified to contain compliance
schedules or re-opener clauses requiring development of POTW pretreatment pro-
grams.
1982 Explanation of Changesfrom January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$17,097,500 $14,805,400 $11,460,200
The net decrease of -$5,637,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,141,300) This change represented a decrease of
$2,141,|00 from the January budget, of which $1,796,200 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $345,100 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The de-
crease resulted in less overview of approved NPDES State programs and State
and local pretreatment programs in non-NPOES States.
- Reorganigation. (-$150,800) These resources were moved to Technical
Support -Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (National Enforcement
Investigation Center-NEIC). The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so that
their resources could be more readily identified and, (b) organizationally,
the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an agency restructuring, these re-
WQ-119
-------
sources were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under one pro*
gram element. This reflects the consolidation of these similar activities
providing quick technical response in emergency situations.
" Reprogramming. (-$402,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$402,300.
- CongressionalActions. (-$2,945,700) A reduction of -$2,128,500 was
taken against theMarch estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Support to Regions
for evidentiary hearing settlement and Section 301(h) variance hearings
will be reduced. These contracts are used for assisting in resolving ap-
peals by industries on permit conditions. Additionally, all contracts
dealing with consolidated permitting will be eliminated. Contracts to be
eliminated include one for development and implementation of a consolidated
permitting strategy and another for working with Regions and national pollu-
tion discharge elimination system States to explain procedures for eviden-
tiary hearings, public hearings, and nonadversary hearings. There will
be further reductions in the areas of publicly owned treatment works program
submittals, categorical determinations, and variance determinations.
An additional reduction of -$817,200 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($332,900) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($484,300) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$2,800) The net increase applied to this activity
includes a decrease of -$49,700 to Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of +$52,500 to Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1932 the Agency is allocating a total of $11,460,200 to the permits
issuance program, of which $7,146,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $4,314,000
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contracts provide
support for technical assistance for permit writers, regulation reform, eviden-
tiary hearing support, pretreatment program assistance, and general program
operations.
In 1982 the program will continue to issue second round permits which will
focus primarily on areas with known or suspected impairment of use attributable
to water pollution and industrial categories where effluent guidelines have been
established or where such guidelines are not scheduled to be established. The
Agency estimates that some 350 major industrial permits will be issued in 1982.
Because of the complexity of these permits, we expect that there will be a sig-
nificant increase in appeals of permit conditions; four times as many appealed
permits will be resolved during 1982 than were resolved in 1981. The Agency,
under some circumstances, may modify effluent limitation requirements contained
in NPDES permits. In 1982 we expect variance requests from BAT or secondary
treatment requirements to increase substantially. Because of the concentration
on issues surrounding industrial permits, EPA will Issue few if any major munic-
ipal permits during 1982.
During 1982, priority again will be given to issuance of general permits
to be used extensively for the Outer Continental Shelf (DCS) and other general
permitting areas. An additional 20 OCS or other general permits will be issued
during 1982.
Work will continue on completing an EPA and Office of Surface Mining Memo-
randum of Understanding which provides for issuing joint permits to coal mining
activities. This agreement could lead to implementation of a joint permit
issuance program in late 1982.
WQ-120
-------
Major emphasis will continue on revising permitting and pretreatment regu-
lations. We estimate that proposed revisions to existing consolidated permit
regulations and the general pretreatment regulations will be published during
1982. The Section 301(k) proposed regulation for innovative technologies should
be made final in 1982. Revision of permit application forms will continue for
existing industries as will development of new application forms for new source
industries and publicly owned treatment works.
Efforts will be intensified to encourage and assist States in requesting and
receiving approval of their programs or approval of modifications to their pro-
grams. An additional two States are expected to be approved for administration
of the NPDES program; an additional four States are expected to receive pre-
treatment authority; an additional seven should receive Federal facility author-
ization.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,196,500 and 163.9 permanent workyears
for the NPDES permits issuance program of which $6,986,600 is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $3,209,900 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This is a decrease of $1,263,700 and 25.2 permanent
workyears and reflects the Agency's focus on issuing second round permits only
for industries where guidelines have been promulgated or where no guidelines are
scheduled and in areas with known or suspected impairment of use attributable to
water pollution.
These resources will be used primarily for major permit issuance and assoc-
iated activities, including resolution of evidentiary hearings and determinations
on variance requests for municipalities and industries.
Industrial Permits and Variances
Highest priority will be given to issuing industrial permits for control of
priority pollutant discharges. Included in those permits will be the issuance
of 220 major industrial permits, 60 energy and new source permits, and 15 Outer
Continental Shelf and other general permits. Variance criteria regulations are
to be promulgated in 1982, and the numbers of requests from industries should
be significant in 1983. This program will direct efforts toward providing timely
and appropriate decisions on the requests.
The resolution of evidentiary and panel hearings for major industrial dis-
charge permits will also continue to be an important activity in 1983.
MarineDischarges
In 1983 permits will be issued with Section 301(h) modifications to munici-
palities discharging into marine waters. These modifications will reduce the
cost of complying with Clean Water Act standards when municipalities are able to
discharge into marine waters without adverse environmental impact.
State Assistance
Resources will be directed to assisting in the development and approval of
State NPDES programs. Included are new State NPDES programs and modifications
by States already having NPDES authority including assumption of pretreatment,
Federal facilities, or other major program authorities. Some resources will be
directed to further the development of the pretreatment program, which provides
control over indirect discharges of pollutants into municipal treatment systems.
These efforts will focus primarily on developing and approving POTW and State
pretreatment programs required by Section 402(b)(8) of the Clean Water Act.
WQ-121
-------
Regulatory Reform
A major initative in 1983 will be to complete the review and revision of
existing policies and regulations to reduce paperwork, improve application forms,
and eliminate unnecessary or overly burdensome requirements. This effort will
assure the maximum possible streamlining of permit issuance procedures and will
encourage States to administer NPOES programs.
Additionally, major efforts will be directed at reducing the resource de»
mands of permit issuance through use of general permits and through coordination
with other Federal agencies to eliminate unnecessary duplication of resources.
WQ-122
-------
Drinking Water
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
19B2
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compl tance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Hater
$20,749.9 $25,770.5 $24,643.9 $24,269.7 $24,515.9 $246.2
$44,092.3 $44,413.8 $42,090.5 $40,989.9 $31,775.9 -$9,214.0
$14,487.5 $21,487.8 $20,911.7 $18,571.5 $13,458.3 -$5,113.2
$79,329.7 $91,672.1 $87,646.1 $83,831.1 $69,750.1 -$14,081.0
PERMANENT FULL-TIIC WORKYEARS
TOTAL HQRKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Drinking Mater Non-
Energy
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
492.4 550.0 514.1 499.4 455.5 -43.9
590.5 672.4 635.1 620.6 550.8 -69.8
$87,824.5 $71,666.0 $66,353.0 $97,944.7 $83,882.7 -$14,062.0
$107,447.0 $90,000,0 $90,000.0 $90,000.0 -$90,000.0
TOTAL
$7,363.9 $8,939.1 $8,801.0 $9,782.0 $9,447.2 -$334.8
$14,487.5 $21,487.8 $20,911.7 $18,571.5 $13,458.3 -$5,113.2
$7,363.9 $8,939.1 $8,801.0 $9,782.0 $9,447.2 -$334.8
$14,487.5 $21,487.8 $20,911.7 $18,571.5 $13,458.3 -$5,113.2
$21,851.4 $30,426,9 $29,712.7 $28,353.5 $22,905.5 -$5,448.0
-------
DRINKING WATER
g
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Drinking Water
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Drinking Water State
Program Resource Assistance
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Drinking Water
Management
Salaries a Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$5,027.9
$3,642.4
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,038.3 $5,619.0 $5,009.8 $5,540.0 $530.2
$3,827.8 $3,594.6 $2,391.5 $2,675.7 $284.2
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Salaries & Expenses
ENFORCEMENT
$39,421.5 $39,524.5 $37,524.5 $37,847.5 $29,100.2 -$8,747.3
$7,619.9 $9,822.2 $9,305.7 $8,633.2 $8,672.6 $39.4
$1,013.4 $1,061.5 $971.4 $750.9 -$750.9
$12,647.8 $15,860.5 $14,924.7 $13,643.0 $14,212.6 $569.6
$44,077.3 $44,413.8 $42,090.5 $40,989.9 $31,775.9 -$9.214.0
TOTAL $56,725.1 $60,274.3 $57,015.2 $54,632.9 $45,988.5 -$8,644.4
TOTAL
$738.2
$738.2
$738.2
$970.9
$970.9
$970.9
$918.2
$918.2
$918.2
$844.7
$844.7
$844.7
$856.1
$856.1
$856.1
$11.4
$11.4
$11.4
-------
DRINKING WATER
i
OJ
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Hater Non-
Energy
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Drinking Water
Criteria, Standards A Guidelines
Drinking Water
Management
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
Drinking Water
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water Non-
Energy
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Drinking Water
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
Drinking Water
Management
ABATEMENT * CONTROL TOTAL
Drinking Water
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
142.5
142.5
94.5
232.5
327.0
22,9
22.9
185.3
185.3
116.0
262.6
378.6
26.6
26.6
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
153.1
153.1
109.3
259.2
368.5
28.4
28.4
203.5
203.5
127.6
309.3
436.9
32.0
32.0
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
150.9
150.9
96.3
239.2
335.5
27.7
27.7
201.3
201.3
114.6
2§9.3
403.9
29.9
29.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
143.9
143.9
91.8
236.6
328.4
27.1
27.1
193.8
193.8
111.1
286.4
397.5
29.3
29.3
ESTIMATE INCREASE «
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 198!
132.3
132.3
87.2
210.3
297.5
25.7
25.7
169.6
169.6
102.2
253.3
355.5
25.7
25.7
-11.6
-11.6
-4.6
-2.3
-30.9
-1.4
-1.4
-24.2
-24.2
-8.9
-33.1
-42.0
-3.6
-3.6
-------
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's drinking water program provides the framework for ensuring that the
nation's public drinking water supplies are free from contamination harmful to
human health. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974, while charging EPA
with responsibility for setting national drinking water standards and ensuring
compliance by the nation's public water supplies, clearly intended the States to
assume primary responsibility for implementation. Under the Act, EPA is also
required to regulate underground injection wells to prevent endangering under-
ground drinking water sources and to protect aquifers that are sole or principal
sources of drinking water. The Act also authorizes the Agency to actively rein-
force State and local efforts to meet their responsibilities by providing scien-
tific and financial assistance.
States are delegated primary enforcement responsibility, or "primacy", for
the Public Water Systems Supervision (PWS) and Underground Injection Control (UIC)
programs when they adopt regulations that meet Federal requirements for minimum
acceptable levels of protection. In the absence of State action and where States
have no jurisdiction, however, EPA is required to implement the regulatory pro-
grams. The Office of Research and Development contributes to the scientific
basis for the regulatory programs, assesses and develops new technologies and
analytic procedures to conduct the programs in an efficient manner, and produces
information that helps States and localities in providing safe drinking water
supplies.
For the PWS program, the principal strategy has been to build a national
program in stages. The first stage was establishing an institutional framework
with the States through the delegation of primary enforcement responsibility
where States were willing to accept it. Priority was given to assure compliance
by major systems with the largest service populations or most acute health risks
and to minimize the regulatory burden of resource-intensive activities. As the
Federal-State framework has been established, emphasis for the States and Regions
has changed to maintain the level of protection achieved and to increase
emphasis on compliance by other systems. EPA has also turned its attention to
assessing new types and new sources of potential contamination of drinking water
sources such as volatile organic chemicals occurring in ground water supplies at
high levels. By the end of 1981, 49 States and Territories had assumed primacy
for the PWS program.
We expect this high rate of delegation for the Underground Injection Control
program as well. Final UIC program regulations were promulgated in July 1980,
with full State participation envisioned within two years. The State grants
have played a role in these efforts, contributing to the overall State effort
and also working as a inducement to State action.
Current priorities concentrate on three main responsibilities:
1) to comply with the SDWA mandate of establishing revised drinking water
regulations, EPA will:
a) review and revise the existing regulations, in light of new scientific
information, with the goal of reducing the regulatory burden while
maintaining the protection of public health;
b) develop standards for currently unregulated contaminants, where
needed.
2) to promote compliance with the National Primary Drinking Water Regu-
lations in both primacy and non-primacy -States, and to protect public
DW-4
-------
water supplies from harmful contamination through a combination of
regulatory and advisory activities.
3) to protect subsurface waters through identifying the nature and extent
of ground water contamination in both primacy and non-primacy States and
initiating and delegating the Underground Injection Control Program,
Review and Revise Drinking Water Regulations
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR) for bacteria,
turbidity, several inorganics, radidnuclides, and a few organic pesticides
have been in effect since 1977. EPA set trihalomethane (THM) standards in 1980,
The SDWA mandates that the regulations be revised, based on new scientific
information, to supplant the transitional Interim regulations and provide compre-
hensive safety standards. This requirement presents the opportunity to streamline
current regulations, establish more flexible monitoring procedures, and minimize
the need for legal variances and exemptions. All of this is to the benefit of
the States, consumers, and water suppliers, while continuing to protect the
public health.
The national regulations contain health standards in the form of maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs) along with monitoring and analytical requirements. The
program office reviews the latest scientific information to thoroughly evaluate
health risks for specific contaminants, treatment technology, and costs to support
setting the MCLs. These Federal standards are designed to provide the minimum
level of protection, allowing States to establish more stringent requirements if
they so choose. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) supports this
standard setting for new and revised MCLs by developing and providing toxico-
logical information about drinking water contaminants and by developing infor-
mation on treatment and analytical techniques. The research office also conducts
studies of analytic methods to assure the detection and measurement of contam-
inants.
ORD will concentrate, in priority order, on the occurrence and effects of
organic contaminants; Inorganic contaminants such as aluminum, arsenic, and
radon; and microbiological contaminants, including Glardla and Lejionelja.
Develop Standards for Cur rentJ^^JSr^HXl^Av&PJ^-ffllnSPJli
The promulgation of hew standards, including those for volatile organic
chemicals, as needed, represents one activity in developing comprehensive revised
NPDWR. These organic contaminants, many of which cause cancer in laboratory
animals, may leach Into ground water in the vicinity of hazardous waste disposal
sites and other sources. At high levels, these chemicals pose a substantial
risk to drinking water supplies. As required by Executive Order 12291 and the
Safe Drinking Water Act, a complete analysis of the economic impact and regulatory
costs entailed will accompany these new standards.
Promote the Protection of Drinking Water Supplies
Federal and State regulations apply to over 64,000 community public water
systems that provide water to established populations, as well as to many more
systems that provide water to the public intermittently (such as camp sites and
motels). There may be as many as 150,000 such "non-community" systems nationwide
that provide water to millions of people every year.
Despite the large numbers of both types of systems to be regulated, high
rates of compliance have been achieved. In 1980, a full 65S of community systems
nationwide complied fully with Federal or State microbiological regulations on a
regular basis. Ten percent of the nation's community systems were found exceeding
the microbiological maximum contaminant level, some Intermittently. The remainder
violated monitoring or other technical requirements.
DW-5
-------
As a rule, the njajorlty of systems in noncompliance are small ones, serving
populations under 3,000. To promote compliance, EPA has drafted a strategy in
cooperation with State programs which sets forth a framework to identify problems
and assure maximum feasible compliance.
New regulations to protect the public health from the effects of organic
contaminants may pose a problem for many public water systems. The MCL for
trihalomethanes (THM) could involve a substantial increase in technological
complexity for many systems. Control of THMs, which appear as a Chemical reaction
to chlorinated water, is critical because they may be carcinogenic.
To respond to this need, QRD research on treatment technologies for drinking
water will continue to provide water suppliers with information on the best
treatment techniques for producing safe drinking water in the most cost-effective
way. Some of this research will be oriented to the needs of small water supply
systems which have unique technical and financial problems. The detection and
identification of organic contaminants alone demands more advanced, complicated
methods.
EPA enforces Primary Drinking Water Regulations in States that have not
been delegated primacy. This involves investigating violations, issuing legal
variances and exemptions to systems, and enforcing against recalcitrant systems
in these States.
ProvideHealth Advisory Activities
An ever growing number of different organic contaminants are being detected
in drinking water supplies, far more than can be practically regulated. In the
absence of standards for these contaminants, EPA provides advisory opinions to
the States on the health risk and treatment of particular contaminants that
occur locally. Since 1980, the drinking water program has been providing advi-
sory opinions on particular chemicals. ORD contributes to the development of
these advisories with toxicological testing and development of methods to rapidly
assess the health risk of contaminants.
EPA develops health advisories for specific contaminants on the basis of
contamination incidents reported by State and local officials. The advisories
provide information on contaminants while allowing the affected States and systems
to select the best method of response to fit local circumstances. Other Federal
programs (such as RCRA and Superfund) which regulate separate sources of toxic
contamination threatening drinking water sources consult with the drinking water
program on available technical options.
Implement the Underground Injection Control Program
EPA is concerned about the contamination of underground sources of drinking
water. Such water is the source of drinking water for more than half the nation's
population. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that ground water is naturally
protected from contamination, we have discovered growing numbers of incidents of
chemical contamination, especially in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites.
Nationwide implementation of the Underground Injection Control program is
scheduled to begin in 1982. The program sets technical requirements for the
construction, operation, and testing of injection wells. Regulatory provisions
for the UIC program have been modified considerably since their promulgation, by
both the 1980 legislative amendments and the litigation settlement of 1981,
Section 1425 of the Act, passed in 1980, makes the requirements on State
UIC programs regulating oil and gas operations more flexible and thus encourages
primacy. Guidance on the implementation of Section 1*25 was developed in conjunc-
tion with the States and published in the Federal Register on May 19, 1981. The
settlement, negotiated between EPA and a number of 1ndustry litigants challenging
the UIC regulations, involves changes to both technical and procedural UIC require-
DW-6
-------
merits. These changes allow more flexible standards for judging the mechanical
integrity of injection wells, a reduction in routine monitoring and reporting
requirements by communities, and greater leeway for States to define the extent
of their underground drinking water sources.
The effect of the litigation settlement Is a lessening of the regulatory
burden of the program without weakening the effectiveness of the program in
protecting ground water. This trend will continue in 1983 with a "Mid-Course
Evaluation" of regulatory requirements, the purpose of which is to improve the
effectiveness of the regulations and identify requirements that may have proven
unnecessary or which need to be strengthened.
Delegation of UIC primacy is now receiving major emphasis. State UIC primacy
is required after two years under the UIC grant provisions set by the Safe Drinking
Water Act, By early 1982 EPA expects to receive primacy applications from
the eleven States which together include 82% of the nation's injection wells.
Six of these States (Texas, Oklahoma, California, Florida, Alabama, and Nebraska),
constituting 60S of the workload, have already submitted their applications.
The drinking water enforcement program will concentrate on initiating a
permitting and enforcement program for Underground Injection Control regulations
in States not assuming program delegation. It will help States develop enforcement
and permitting provisions to assume primary enforcement responsibility and will
help the Regions implement a Federal program for jurisdictions not assuming
responsibility.
Complementing the UIC program, Section 1424(e) of the SOWA provides for
protection of aquifers that EPA designates as sole or principal sources of drinking
water. Sole source aquifers are important, because once contaminated, they are
difficult to clean up. EPA is currently engaged in designations of sole source
aquifers: by the end of the 1982, there will be as many as 16 aquifers designated.
Any project within the recharge area of a designated sole source aquifer receiving
Federal financial assistance may have those funds denied if it is determined
that the project poses a significant contamination threat to a sole source aquifer.
Since several EPA programs with separate legislatve mandates deal with.
ground water protection, EPA has developed a research strategy within ORD to
avoid duplication in serving multiple programs (SDWA, RCRA, and Superfund),
ORD's work includes developing methods to test and monitor ground water pollution,
to determine transport and fate of pollutants, and to understand the alteration
of pollutants as they pass through the ground. The program office will complement
this research by investigating new ways to assess and manage ground water contam-
ination, addressing, in particular, the problems of predicting and responding
quickly to contamination incidents. This research will provide technical infor-
mation needed by EPA, the States, and industry to promote understanding of ground
water pollution and cost-effective methods of pollution control.
DH-7
-------
DRINKING WATER
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Drinking Water Program $83,831.1
Salaries and Expenses... +246.2
The marginal increase in salaries and expenses,
despite a decline of 43.9 permanent workyears,
represents an allowance for increased operational
expenses.
Research and Development.. -5,113.2
The decrease reflects the elimination of lower
priority control technology research, Increased
efficiencies In the health research area, and
completion of the epidemiology program.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -9.214.0
A reduction in extramural support primarily re-
flects the changing nature of the grant programs:
greater State self-reliance, simplified adminis-
trative requirements, reduced regulatory demands,
and a focus on the most serious problems.
1983 Drinking Water Program.. .... $69,750.1
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate $91,672.1
January-March....... - . -4,006.0
Reorgani zation. -,. -20.0
Reprogrammi ngs -277.0
Congressional Actions -3,566.9
A decrease of $2,527,900 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of $314,300 to
Research and Development were taken against the
March estimate to reflect the September 12%
reduction. A Congressional add-on of $323,000
for the Rural Water Association was applied to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. Congress also restored $1,290,000 to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
for the Rural Water Association. An additional
reduction of 52,337,700 was applied to the
DW-8
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
Salaries and Expenses ($2,134,800), Research
and Development ($5,200) and Abatement, Control
and Compliance ($197,700) appropriations to
meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
Trans fer Author1 ty....... , +28.9
A net increase of $28,900 was transferred to
this program as follows: $2,020,700 was trans-
ferred from Research and Development; and
$2,049,600 was transferred to Salaries and
Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate $83,831.1
DW-9
-------
DRINKING WATER
Program Levels
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1981 1982 1982
Increase +
Estimate Descrease -
1983 1983 vs 1982
Number of States with
primary enforcement
responsibility
PWS 49
UIC 0
Variances fi Exemptions
granted by EPA in non*.
primacy States-PMS
Laboratories certified
PWS non-primacy States
Sole Source Aquifers
designation petitions
reviewed 3
Sole Source Aquifer
designations 3
51
24
50
37
50
40
8
300
15
60
15
150
15
125
-25
10
4
10
4
DW-10
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
DRINKING WATER
DHnkltig Water Non-Energy
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries 1 Expenses
Research A Development
Technical Information
& Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Monitoring Systems A
Quality Assurance
Salaries * Expenses
Research 8 Development
Health Effects
Salaries * Expenses
Research 8 Development
Environmental
Engineering 8
Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
ACTUAL
1981
$185,0
$7.4
$876.2
$318.0
$2,733.0
$5.555.7
$2,751.0
$7,017.9
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS IN
$241.1
$14.4
$1,082,7
$735.1
$3,045.1
$8,961.3
$3,274.1
$8,039.6
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
THOUSANDS)
$239.6
$14.4
$1,077.4
$720.5
$3,007.6
$8,710.8
$3,254.7
$7 ,728.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
$29.5
$191,3
$4.0
$959.7
$482.5
$4,138.9
$6,854.8
$3,217.3
$7,560.6
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
$84.4 $54.9
$30.5 $30.5
$181.6 -$9.7
$100.0 $96.0
$1,020.5 $60.8
$723.7 $241.2
$3,928.7 -$210.2
$5,198.1 -$1,656.7
$3,153.3 -$64.0
$3,726.4 -$3,834.2
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
Envl ronmental
Processes 8 Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
Drinking Mater Mon- TOTAL
Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$818.7 $1,296.1 $1,221.7 $1,245.3 $1,078.7 -$166.6
$1,588.5 $3,737.4 $3,737.4 $3,69.6 $3,679.6 $10.0
$7,363.9 $8,939.1 $8,801.0 $9,782.0 $9,447.2 -$334.8
$14,487.5 $21,487.8 $20,911.7 $18,571.5 $13,458.3 -$5,113.2
$21,851.4 $30,426.9 $29,712.7 $28,353.5 $22,905.5 -$5,448.0
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
ft Liaison
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
2.7
15.2
48.4
58.2
3.6
17.0
46.0
60.0
3.6
17.0
46.0
60.0
3.6
16.0
44.0
57.0
1.0
2.2
16.1
43.6
47.1
1.0
-1.4
.1
-.4
-9.9
-------
Environmental
Processes & Effects
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +-
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental
Processes & Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL mm YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
A Liaison
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering A
Techno! ogy
18.0 26.5 24.3 23.3 22.3
142.5 153.1 150.9 143.9 132.3
2.0
4.5 5.7 5.7 5.2 4.2
17.3 21.0 21.0 20.0 19.1
69.8 66.9 66.9 64.9 60.5
74.4 81.2 81.2 78.2 59.3
-1 .0
-11.6
2.0
-1.0
-.9
-4.4
-18.9
19.3
28.7
26.5
25.5
24.5
-1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
185.3 203.5
2D1.3
193.8 169.6 -24.2
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,905,500 and 132.3 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $5,448,000 and 11.6 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is $9,447,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $13,458,300 for Research
and Development, with a decrease of $334,800 and $5,113,200 respectively. This
reduction reflects the completion of the epidemiology program, Increased efficien-
cies in the health research area, and elimination of lower priority technology
research. Groundwater research will be sustained at the 1982 level and all nec-
essary support to regulatory work will be provided.
Program. Description
The drinking water research program is a result of comprehensive coordination
of research efforts with the regulatory program. This research program is designed
to assist in the objective of achieving safe drinking water by supporting the
Agency's Implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and by pursuing a
broad groundwater research plan which will provide the sound scientific basis
for EPA's regulatory program covering several legislative mandates (such as
SDWA, RCRA, and Superfund).
This program involves four major activities: (1) Research on the occurrence
and health effects of drinking water contaminants continues to be a priority so
that the regulatory office can promulgate revised national primary drinking
water regulations. The regulatory office also uses this health Information to
assist jurisdictions in responding to localized contamination problems not covered
by national regulations.
(2) Since groundwater 1s the source of drinking water for more than half
the nation, the problem of groundwater contamination was addressed in ORD's 1981
groundwater research plan. This centralized effort, which researches all phases
of groundwater pollution, will provide the scientific basis necessary to support
any present or future recommendations relating to EPA's statutory mandates. The
bulk of this work is concentrated in Environmental Processes and Effects.
(3) Environmental Engineering and Technology research describes changes in
treatment processes or develops new treatment technologies which reduce contami-
nant levels In water. This research 1s used by the EPA to evaluate the technical
feasibility of meeting possible, proposed and existing contaminant standards
under Section 1412 of the SDWA and to evaluate variances and exemptions under
Sections 1415 and 1416. This research is also used to assist States in assuming
primacy and help localities and water supply systems achieve safe drinking water
in the most cost-effective manner.
(4) The monitoring systems and quality assurance program provides the
Agency, States, municipalities, and operators of drinking water systems with
technically and economically feasible analytical procedures to monitor drinking
water contaminants.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981Accomplishments :
In 1981, the Agency did not obligate funds for this program.
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$29,500
The net Increase of +$29,500 results from two actions, as follows:
Deprogramming. (+$29,500) A reprogrammlng of +540,000 was to support
work on Maximum Contaminant Level (MCI) criteria needed by the Office of
Drinking Water, as well as to provide resources for scientific assessment
activities. A second reprogrammlng at -$10,500 provided resources for the
transfer of the accountability function to the Office of Management Systems
and Evaluation. (These two reprogramnrfngs were Included In a letter to
Congress of December 16, 1981.)
1982Pnagrani
In 1982 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $29,500 and no permanent
workyears to this program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program reviews health assessments performed by the Office of Drinking
Mater and provides support for development of guidance documents for emergency
response to localized contamination problems. Because of the wide experience
of the scientific assessment program In health evaluations, this effort provides
peer review and ensures Agency consistency. Carcinogenic and other human chronic
toxlcity evaluations receive primary attention.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $114,900 and 1.0 permanent workyear for this
program, of which $84,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$30,500 1s for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects an
Increase of $54,900 and $30,500 respectively, which will result in expanded ORD
health assessment support to the Office of Drinking Mater.
In order to Improve scientific quality of risk assessment, ORD will review
assessments prepared by the program office and consult with that office on
development of methodologies for assessing health risks. The Scientific Assess-
ment program will provide consultation for the preparation of the Agency multi-
media exposure documents which will serve the Office of Drinking Water and other
program offices. Special health assessments may be provided to supplement
those assessments prepared by the Office of Drinking Water.
TECHNICAlINFORMATION AND LIAI SON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities which are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are described below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of il92,400 for this program, of which
$185,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
DH-15
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The major accomplishments included providing logistic support to an Inter-
national Symposium on Health Effects of Drinking Water, Disinfectants and
Disinfectant By-Products, holding a laboratory certification workshop, and pub-
lishing a manual of Groundwater Quality Sampling Procedures.
1982 Expl anati. on of Chajiffiesifroin_ January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$255,500 $254,000 $195,300
The net decrease of -$60,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$1,500) This change represented a decrease of
$1,500 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
Congressional Actions. (-$58,700) An additional reduction of -$58,700
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this
activity is made up of a decrease of -$10,400 to Research and Development
and an Increase of +$10,400 to Salaries and Expenses to fund essential
operating costs.
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $195,300 and 3.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $191,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$4,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research- and Development appropria-
tion.
The Agency will continue to publish research findings and conduct other
activities in order to transmit technical information.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $281,600 and 2.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $181,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $100,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $9,700 and an Increase of $96,000 respectively, which will result
in some shift from in-house to extramural efforts.
In 1983, the technical information and liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to States to assist them in managing drinking
water programs. One project will be the development of a handbook containing
state-of-the art methods to guide water systems operators and officials when a
threat of groundwater contamination from hazardous waste sites exists.
MOHITORIMG SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,194,200 for this program, of which
$876,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This work is designed to support monitoring procedures and quality control
requirements under Sections 1401, 1413 and 1442 of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
In 1981, methods validation and performance evaluations for EPA, State, and
local laboratories were conducted and sampling, analytical methodology, and
quality control guidelines and manuals in support of the Agency's Drinking Water
Program were developed.
DH-16
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Quailty assurance support for the Drinking Water Laboratory Certification
Program, required as a part of State primacy for drinking water enforcement, was
provided, including: (a) semiannual performance evaluation studies of EPA,
State and local laboratories for trace metals, nitrates, fluoride, pesticides,
herbicides, trihaloraethanes, turbidity, and residual chlorine measurements;
(b) distribution of 10,000 quality control check samples and radioactive stan-
dards; and (c) formal inter-laboratory methods validation studies conducted for
organic compounds in the Safe Drinking Mater Act regulations.
1982 Explanation of Changes from Jynu&ry toudyet Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,817,800 $1,797,900 $1,442,200
The net decrease of -$375,600 results from several actions, as follows:
January - March. (-$19,900) This change represented a decrease of
$19,900 from the January budget, of which $5,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $14,600 was for Research and Development.
- CongressionalActions. (-$235,700) A reduction of $89,000 was taken
agai nst the March estimate reflecting the September 12S reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. This reduction results from the
decision to forego contractual support for the development of LASER fluro-
sensors.
An additional reduction of -$146,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet the Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$120,000) The net decrease applied to this activ-
ity Is made up of a decrease of -$149,000 to Research and Development and
an Increase of +$29,000 to Salaries and Expenses for necessary operating
expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,442,200 and 16.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $959,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$482,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1982, Improved procedures for measurement of radionuclides in drinking
water will be evaluated, and evaluation of alternate test procedures to meet
requirements of the Safe Drinking Mater Act will be continued. Quality control
and performance evaluation samples for the water supply laboratory certification
program will be produced and distributed, and on-site evaluations of EPA Regional
laboratories for the Drinking Mater Certification Program will be carried out.
To support the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, reports on
feasibility of locating abandoned wells with airborne and surface operated mag-
netometers and on the evaluation of complex resistivity for mapping underground
fluid movements from injection wells will be developed, as well as a report on
the feasibility of the combined use of fiber optics and laser technology to
monitor groundwater quality.
DW-17
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,744,200 and 16.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,020,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $723,700 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
an increase of $60,800 and $241,200 respectively, which will result in acceleration
of the development of sampling procedures and equipment for groundwater analysis
and augmentation of the development of procedures to document pollutant concentra-
tion and migration in drinking water sources.
The monitoring research program will focus on (1) meeting the need to develop
Improved and less costly monitoring techniques to support standards development
and compliance and (2) supporting quality assurance requirements related to
certification of State laboratories under State primacy enforcement responsibil-
ity.
Evaluation of alternate test procedures to meet the requirements of the
Safe Drinking Water Act will be continued, and quality control and performance
evaluation samples for the water supply laboratory certification program will
be produced and distributed. ORP will continue to perform on-slte evaluations
of EPA Regional laboratories in support of the Drinking Mater Certification
Program, whereby the Regional laboratories are responsible for certifying quality
assurance of State laboratories.
Groundwater program investigations will be continued, and operational sam-
pling procedures for groundwater analysis will be demonstrated. This supports
EPA's broad groundwater research plan, including research to assist compliance
with the UIC program. Examples of this work are the development of feasibility
reports for location of abandoned wells and techniques for mapping underground
fluid movement. ORD will continue to provide support to the Agency's mandatory
quality assurance program.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,288,700 for this program, of which
$2,733,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,555,700 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, a symposium was held on health effects of disinfectants and
disinfectant by-products 1n drinking water regarding the potential health pro-
blems resulting from drinking water chlorlnatfon. This research provided the
Office of Drinking Water (ODW) with the most recent information on the health
effects of drinking water chlorination, which aided the ODW In evaluating regula-
tory options based on the health effects of disinfectant byproducts.
Several bloassays to determine mutagenldty or cardnogenicity have been
applied to drinking water systems. These bipassays showed a reduction in toxlclty
after the water had been treated by granular activated carbon filters. Such
data are useful 1n developing treatment guidelines for use by communities that
have high quantities of organic substances in their source water.
Controlled toxicologlcal studies 1n pigeons were completed in 1981 and
showed that water containing high concentrations of lead and cadmium and low
concentrations of calcium and magnesium caused higher Incidences of high blood
pressure and atherosclerosis. Epidemlologtcal studies completed In previous
years have shown an inverse relationship between drinking water hardness (caused
by calcium and magnesium content) and cardiovascular disease. This research
will be Important in EPA's evaluation of drinking water's contribution to
cardiovascular diseases for possible control under SDWA.
DW-18
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Several waterborne disease outbreaks were Investigated for municipalities
and the causative agents were Identified. ORD made appropriate recomendatlons,
such as the need to obviate contamination by crossconnection or to combine
filtration with disinfection, to alleviate the problems.
An epidemic!oglcal study on waterborne giardiasis was conducted In Washington
State, which showed that giardiasis in humans is more prevalent than previously
believed and that drinking water 1s a significant vehicle in the transmission of
the agent. The results of this study will assist ODW and water supply systems
in evaluating the potential risks from this contaminant.
1962^ Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$12,006,400 $11,718,400 $10,993,700
The net decrease of -$1,012,700 results from several actions, as follows:
January-March. (-$288,000) This request represented a decrease of
$288,000 from the January budget, of which $37,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 5250,500 was for Research and Development.
- Congressipnal Actions. (-$724,700) A reduction of-$225,300 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 125 reduction to
Exploratory Research Grant in the Research and Development appropriation.
However, the Office of Health Reasearch will still meet or exceed the
Congressionally mandated 15% allocation of extramural funds for exploratory
research.
An additional reduction of -$499,400 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses (-$494,200) and Research and Development (-$5,200) appropriations
to meet the Co ng res si onally mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this
activity is made upof a decrease of -$1,625,500 to Research and Develop-
ment and an increase of +1,625,500 to Salaries and Expenses. The reduction
In Research and Development funds reflects the decrease of Office of Health
Research contributions to the longterm research program. The Increase in
Salaries and Expenses will permit the purchase of essential supplies and
equipment.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,993,700 and 44.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,138,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$6,854,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation.
Research on the effects of organic chemicals that occur in drinking water 1s
concentrating on those confounds for which ODW will establish National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations in late 1983 or on compounds which require more
health data to develop emergency response to localized contamination problems.
Various 1n vivo and 1n vitro test systems are being used to determine the toxidty
of ODW prTorTfy chemicals"for the following health endpoints: (1) carcinogenicity/
mu t age ni city; (2) reproduction/teratogenicity; (3) cardiovascular; and (4) neur-
rological effects. Pharmacoklnetic studies will provide a data base for use in
dose assessment and to improve available extrapolation models. Toxicological
studies on disinfectants and disinfectant by-products are being conducted to
assess their effects on metabolism, reproduction, various target organs and
carcinogenicity. Research on the development of short-term in vivo test methodol-
DW-19
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ogles for estimating potential health risks from chemicals in drinking water
is being conducted. The results of this research will partially provide the
data base for the establishment of maximum contaminant levels for several widely
occurring organic contaminants.
A number of Inorganic substances such as metals, nitrates, radjonuc Tides,
and asbestos, has been found in United States water supplies and is believed to
play a role in various diseases. This section of the drinking water health
research program is concerned with: (1) lexicological studies to determine
the effects of inorganic substances on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and
development; (2) phanmacokinetics of Inorganic elements or compounds to determine
the significance of exposure to these substances In drinking water; (3) determining
relative doses to humans; and (4) determining the occurrence of selected non-
regulated substances, e.g., aluminum and asbestos, 1n drinking water. Data from
these studies will be used by the Office of Drinking Water in developing new
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) and 1n supporting the revision of the National
Primary Drinking Mater Regulations in 1983.
The microbiological program conducts studies in several States to determine
the number of disease outbreaks, identify the causative agent and provide technical
assistance to the communities involved. Research 1s being conducted to develop
better methods to detect and quantify some of the more poorly understood agents
of concern in drinking water, such as viruses, Giardia, other protozoa and
Legionella. Reports on the occurrence and significance of Giardia, viruses,
and algal toxins in drinking water supplies are being prepared to summarize the
present state of knowledge. Minimum infective dose studies of viruses in human
volunteers are being conducted to determine the minimum number of viruses needed
to cause infections in humans. These data will be used by ODW to assess the
regulation for microbiological contaminants.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,126,800 and 43.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,928,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 55,198,100 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $210,200 and SI,656,700 respectively, which occurs as a result
of (1) completion of the epidemiology program; and (2) use of more cost-effec-
tive methods of sampling for drinking water contaminants.
In 1983, the drinking water health effects research program reflects Improved
linkage between Office of Drinking Water and ORD. This program will emphasize
support to the revision of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This
research will assist the regulatory program in developing sound standards which
are not unduly restrictive.
this program will focus on three major areas in priority order: organic
contaminants, inorganic contaminants, and microbiological contaminants found in
drinking water. Research in the organic contaminants area will address the
occurrence and related health effects of specific contaminants that have been
identified by the Office of Drinking Water as being important health problems
because they have the potential to cause cancer or other chronic diseases and
the least information is known about them. Very few organic contaminants are
regulated at this time. Compounds which have been identified include chlorinated
phenols, disinfectants and disinfectant by-products, coal tar coatings, xylene and
nitrobenzene. Toxicological tests will be performed in animals to predict the
carcinogenic, reproductive and teratogenic human health effects resulting from
consumption of water contaminated with these compounds. Toxicological evaluations
of complex mixtures of organics extracted from actual drinking water samples will
be conducted.
DW-20
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Research on inorganic contaminants in drinking water will be concerned
primarily with cardiovascular disease, cancer and developmental toxicity. Stud-
dies relating water hardness and waterplpe corrosion products to cardiovascular
disease will continue. Studies on the occurrence of aluminum, believed to be
related to Altzheimer's disease (early senility), will be completed. If the
occurrence data warrant, studies will be conducted to determine the level of
aluminum needed to cause the onset of this disease. This 1s Important because
sometimes one of the primary flocculants used in drinking water treatment 1s
aluminum sulfate, which disassociates to free aluminum ions. As a result,
aluminum can be found In significant quantities in some water supplies;
therefore, the Office of Drinking Mater has requested that the hazards of these
chemicals be evaluated.
Research on microbiological contaminants In drinking water will continue
to Investigate waterborne outbreaks of Infectious diseases by Identifying the
causative agents, determining the route of entry and recommending corrective
action. This information is used to develop water treatment technologies
that assure protection against waterborne outbreaks. An assessment of the under-
reporting of Infectious disease outbreaks will be made on the basis of EPA's
efforts to improve reporting In three States. Methodology to concentrate Glardla
cysts from water and determine their viability will be completed. The minimum
infectious dose of a second virus will be determined. This study will take Into
account factors that might Influence the Infective response.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AMD TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $9,768,900 for this program, of which
S2, 751, 000 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,017,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Activities in this program satisfy the requirement that the Agency Identify
treatment technology which water utilities can use to achieve compliance with
drinking water regulations and which the Agency can use to evaluate requests for
variances and exemptions (Sections 1415, 1416 and and 1412 of the Safe Drinking
Water Act).
In 1981, a report was published on treatment techniques for controlling
tri hal omethanes In drinking water. A field study of 36 package water treatment
plants was completed, which showed that the package plants could economically
meet the traditional standards for turbidity and bacterial quality If properly
operated and maintained. Two technologies related to control of asbestos fibers
In drinking waters were developed, both of which resulted In considerable cost-
savings. A number of reports were published on the removal or inactivation of
Glardla 1 ambl la cysts by water treatment processes. G1ard1as1s, a protozoan
dTsease, 'has' "Ween a more common waterborne disease in the United States for the
last several years.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$11,313,700 $10,983,300 $10,777,900
The net decrease of -$535,800 results from several actions, as follows:
, " Mai"ch. (-$330,400) This change represented a decrease of
.,
$330,400 from the January budget* of which $19,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $311,000 was for Research and Development.
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- Congressional Actions. (-$325,400) A reduction of -$325,400 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congresslonally
mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (+$120,000) The net change applied to this
Research and Developnient activity is made up of a decrease of -$168,000 to
Research and Development and an Increase of +$288,000 to Salaries and
Expenses. The Increase trill be used to continue the transportation of
potable water for pilot plant activities, to purchase supplies for micro-
biological work, and to Insure the availability of funds to support the
travel celling for monitoring extramural projects. This will also permit
us to meet Increasing 1982 requirements for rents, communications and
utilities. The Office of Administration has assigned more facility costs
to the ORO laboratories.
The remainder of Salaries and Expenses Increase will support the reloca-
tion of an employee; a printer for a word processor; the printing of user's
manuals; and for equipment replacement as well as allow ORO to conduct lab
program reviews, monitor extramural projects and also conduct more program
evaluation studies.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,777,900 and 57.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,217,300 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
37,560,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation.
The research will continue to support development of assessment of the
technological feasibility of meeting drinking water standards and assistance to
water supply systems in meeting standards.
A major effort of the program deals with evaluating treatment technology
for removal of organic contaminants in support of regulatory decisions in this
area. Projects dealing with removal of contaminants from groundwater by aeration
and adsorption, investigations of byproducts of the reactions of disinfectants
with aquatic humic materials, and reports on organic contaminant removal by
granular activated carbon will be conducted and produced. Another major effort
will be development and evaluation of treatment technology for removal of inorganic
contaminants, for which a number of Interim standards are currently 1n effect.
Development of economical treatment methods with emphasis on nitrates, flouride,
and arsenic removal will be continued.
Also, the program will continue research on maintaining water quality in the
distribution systems including studies related to deterioration and rehabilitation
of distribution systems and problems of corrosion of distribution pipes and house-
hold plumbing. Projects related to microbiological contaminant control will
include studies on the use of unit processes other than disinfection for control
of viruses and bacteria and studies on methods to reduce trihalomethanes while
maintaining microbial quality. Work will conlnue on the control of Giardia by
treatment processes. Finally, studies to develop engineering and cost data will
be continued Including the use of package treatment plants by small communities,
alternative approaches for dealing with management and cost problems of small
systems, and the economic effects of drinking water regulations on water utilities.
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,879,700 and 47.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,153,300 1s for Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,726,400 1s for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $64,000 and $3,834,200 respectively, which will result in across-
the-board reductions, primarily In the following areas: (1) development of treat-
ment cost data; (2) microbiological controls; and (3) control of Inorganics. The
work to be reduced trill be lower priority or work which could be performed by
the private sector or other Federal agencies. The reduction also reflects com-
pletion of some projects in the microbiological and Inorganic treatment areas.
The program will continue to emphasize control of organic contaminants in line
with the Office of Drinking Water priorities. The program will focus on eval-
uating the technological feasibility of achieving safe drinking water levels
In order to support EPA and State regulatory decision-making, and on efforts to
meet drinking water standards.
Research will emphasize treatment technologies which will control contani-
nants found in three categories in priority order: organlcs, inorganics
(including asbestos), and microbiological. Work on viruses, protozoan cysts,
natural radionuclides and corrosion 1s included 1n these categories. For each
of these categories, special attention is given to the cost of treatment and the
needs of small systems.
Synthetic organlcs have been found in a large number of water supplies,
particularly in underground sources. States have moved to establish guidelines
and EPA is moving toward a standard for chlorinated solvents that have been
found 1n underground drinking water sources. Promising control methods need to
be evaluated and the results reported to the water supply Industry. Studies on
control of organic contaminants In drinking water from ground and surface sources
will be conducted and reports Issued. Improved analytical methods for prganics
will be developed and evaluated.
Work will focus on combinations of Inorganics of health concern found in
water supplies and on the species of inorganics. There are a number of inorganic
contaminants of health concern including nitrates, metals, radionuclides, and
asbestos. Both health effects and treatment technology requirements change with
different species (valence states). Age and corrosiveness of water cause deteri-
oration of distribution systems, and the effects of corrosion in distribution
systems (asbestos, cement, and metal) on drinking water quality will be assessed.
Studies on the control of Inorganic contaminants in drinking water will be conduct-
ed and reports issued. Improved analytical methods for inorganics will be devel-
oped and evaluated.
Microbiological contamination will continue to be a concern. According
to recent data, 180 waterborne disease outbreaks involving 50,000 people occurred
from 1976 through 1980. As treatment methods change, the microbial population
may penetrate deeper into the treatment system. Since waterborne disease out-
breaks still occur in this country, some work is needed to assure that biocide
efficiency 1s maintained throughout the treatment system and that regrpwth in
the distribution system does not occur. Work will be continued on the microbio-
logical effects of treatment processes and on the microbiological quality of
water In the distribution system.
ENVIRONMEKTALPROCESSESAND EFFECTS ;
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,407,200 for this program, of which
$818,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,588,500 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
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In 1981, a plan for groundwater research was published and transmitted to
Congress which sets out the objectives of the Agency's groundwater research (in
Drinking Hater as well as other programs, including Hazardous Waste), and describes
the research activities which promote our understanding of groundwater and support
the Agency's role in protecting it. A manual was prepared describing the state-
of-the-art of groundwater sampling practices. Research 1s necessary to develop
appropriate technology for conducting sophisticated investigations of the sub-
surface environment. Practices will be recommended depending on the nature of
the investigation. A summary was prepared of the status of knowledge of behavior
of groundwater contaminants during recharge. This Information will be used
in identifying combinations of circumstances most likely to produce groundwater
quality problems.
In addition, a report was prepared describing the applications and limita-
tions of three techniques for estimating the transport of organic pollutants
through soil to groundwater. The information is for use by EPA and State and
local agencies Involved in the assessment of groundwater pollution potential
from the use, handling, and disposal of organic chemicals. A film was published
and made available which describes the relatively recent technology required to
collect and analyze groundwater samples for organic chemical contamination. The
basic concepts for construction of monitoring wells, collection of samples, and
laboratory analytical procedures are described to give managers of groundwater
protection programs an appreciation of the cost and complexity of the problems.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,033,500 $4,959.100 $4.914,900
The net decrease of -$118,600 results from several actions, as follows:
January -March. (-$74,400) This change represented a decrease of
$74,400 from the January budget, all of which $74,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses. This decrease resulted in a decrease in research on transport
and fate of pollutants In ground water.
- Congressional Actions. (-$44,200) An additional reduction of -$44,200
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
" Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this
activ1 ty is made up of a decrease of -$67,800 to Research and Development
and an increase of +$67,800 to Salaries and Expenses. The Hal comb Research
Institute's proposal is $30,000 less than original cost estimates so there 1s
no effect on the project. One cooperative agreement will be step-funded
for the remaining $37,800.
The Increase will permit stronger response to technical assistance requests
through additional travel funds; permit the transportation of household goods
needed for refilling vacancies; peraiit maintenance of several scientific
Instruments critical to planned work; and purchase laboratory supplies to
keep analytical workload at planned levels.
19B2 Plan
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,914,900 and 23.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,245,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$3,669,600 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation.
DW-24
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In order to provide the scientific bases for regulatory and management
decisions on the protection of underground sources of drinking water, research
is focusing in the following four areas: (1) improved methods for determining
the transport and transformation of contaminants in the subsurface; (2) methods
for predicting the behavior of pollutants in aquifers based on subsurface (site-
specific) characteristics and on characteristics of the pollutants; (3) data for
regulatory and management decisions on control of specific sources of underground
water pollution; and (4) evaluation of water source in situ reclamation methods.
Additional resources in Hazardous Waste allow specific outputs to be produced
in support of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in model development
and field evaluations to predict pollutant plumes In underground water sources.
In methods development, a manual for sampling of underground water has been
published, but the subsurface environment continues to be difficult to access,
and the results of sampling remain difficult to Interpret In predicting the
transport and transformation of contaminants. In 1982, indicators of underground
water contamination will be selected and evaluated.
Currently, in transport and transformation, the behavior of twenty or
so organic chemicals In a few subsurface environments has been determined, but
with numerous chemicals of concern and many soil types, the subject has barely
been explored. The findings do indicate, however, that we will ultimately be
able to determine a few characteristics of concern both for chemical contaminants
and soil type which will allow the prediction of the Impact of classes of chemicals
in various subsurface water environments. Also of importance is the behavior of
microbiological contaminants, especially viruses, which is also being addressed
in this program.
A number of sources of underground water pollution is being studied in terms
of the Impact on underground water supplies. Manuals which describe management
practices for safe Injection of treated wastewater and determination of appropri-
ate septic tank density (In cooperation with the small wastewater flows research
program) are being prepared.
With the Increasing number of Incidents of pollution of underground water
supplies seriously threatening public drinking water supplies, the groundwater
research program will begin Investigating the economic and technological feasibil-
ity of cleaning up polluted underground water sources 1 n situ. There may be
locations where this will be more cost-effective than treatment or development
of alternate drinking water supplies. In this first year (1982), the efficacy
of practices tried in the past will be determined. This research will provide
needed Information both for the Agency and local governments to deal with under-
ground water pollution problems.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,758,300 and 22.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,078,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 53,679,600 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $166,600 and an Increase of $10,000 respectively, which will result
In slight reductions in evaluation of reclamation processes and long-range studies
on transport and transformation.
In 1983, research for the five-year groundwater research plan will proceed.
The purpose of this work is to provide a sound scientific basis for any regulatory
action to protect groundwater. This will provide information needed by the States
as they assume the greater environmental responsibilities for drinking water
protection. EPA will use this information to support the Implementation of several
programs, including sole source aquifer protection and underground Injection
control.
DW-25
-------
In methods development, work will begin to develop methods for measuring
the subsurface characteristics, such as redox potential and ionic strength,
which are likely to influence transport and transformation of chemicals in under-
ground water supplies. Probes or other surface water methods will be tested to
determine whether they accurately measure transport and fate parameters under
the anaerobic conditions normally found in aquifers.
In order to improve predictive ability for the behavior of pollutants 1n the
subsurface, research will determine the degradation and sorption characteristics
of several classes of organic chemicals and continue the determination of the type
and numbers of microorganisms in various subsurface environments that could
influence biodegradation. A shift from source characterization will allow the
transport and fate characteristics of several additional classes of chemicals to
be determined and the hydrologlc and chemical characteristics of the subsurface
to be addressed.
The research, requested by the Office of Drinking Water, to develop methods
for determining the mechanical integrity of injection wells will continue in
1983. Additional work supported under Hazardous Waste will produce outputs In
model development, field evaluations, and classification of environments in
terms of their relative vulnerability to pollution of underground water supplies
from mismanaged land disposal of hazardous wastes.
DU-26
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards t Guidelines
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
i
Standards ft
Regulations
Devel opment
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compl 1 ance
State Program
Guidelines &
Regulations
Development
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
$5,016.6 $6,038.3 $5,619.0 $5,009.8 $5,540.0
$3,642.4 $3,827.8 $3,594.6 $2,391.5 $2,675.7
$11.3
$5,027.9 $6,038.3 $5,619.0 $5,009.8 $5,540.0
$3,642.4 $3,827.8 $3,594.6 $2,391.5 $2,675.7
$530.2
$284.2
$530.2
$284.2
$8.670.3 $9,866.1 $9,213.6 $7,401.3 $8,215.7 $814.4
Standards 4
Regulations
Development
94.1
109.3
96.3
91.8
87.2
-4.6
-------
I
ro
CO
miNKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards 8 Guidelines
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIHATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
State Program .4
Guidelines 8
Regulations
Devel opment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 94.5 109.3 96.3 91.8 87.2 -4.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Standards 8 115.6 127.6 114.6 111.1 102.2 -8.9
Regulations
Development
State Program .4
Guidelines &
Regulations
Devel opraent
TOTAL HORKYEARS 116.0 127.6 114.6 111.1 102.2 -8.9
-------
DRINKING WATER
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,215,700 and 87.2 permanent workyears in
1983, an increase of $814,400 and a decrease of 4.6 permanent workyears from the
current 1982 estimate. Of the total, $5,540,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$2,675,700 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The criteria, standards and guidelines program will revise the National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR), maintain a national capacity to regu-
late public water systems, and implement the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
and sole source aquifer programs. The revised NPDWR will be proposed to amend
the current interim regulations after careful analysis of the best scientific
findings, potential regulatory impacts, and the effectiveness of current regu-
latory requirements. These new regulations will improve protection by covering
more contaminants, while reducing the State and local regulatory burden with
streamlined, more flexible Federal requirements.
Program Description
Criteria, standards and guidelines includes the entire Headquarters component
of the drinking water program. The national program is responsible for 1) devel-
oping drinking water standards, encompassing risk assessments, technology evalu-
ation, and economic impact analyses along with preparing the regulations; 2)
implementing and managing the public water systems supervision and ground water
protection programs, including regulation modifications, grants allocation, guid-
ance development, and analysis of national compliance data; 3) assisting in
emergency conditions which threaten drinking water supplies and sources; and 4)
supporting data management. In addition, the program maintains a laboratory
capability to analyze specific contaminants and their prevalence and to support
the preparation of drinking water standards, where appropriate. The laboratory
also provides information to the Regions and States in dealing with spills and
incidents of detected contamination.
CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1981Accomplishments
During 1981, the Agency obligated $8,659,000. Of that amount $5,016,600
was for Salaries and Expenses and $3,642,400 was for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. Program accomplishments were in three general areas.
1) Development and Revision of Standards and Regulations: Development and
revision of primary drinking water standards (NPDWR) to protect against new con-
taminants and to assure that present standards reflect latest research findings
continued through 1981. Work concentrated on developing standards (Maximum
Contaminant Levels or MCLs) for particular volatile organic chemicals frequently
encountered in ground water. When promulgated, these MCLs will represent one
part of the comprehensive Revised NPDWR's. An intrinsic part of the standard-
setting effort is the analysis of regulatory costs and the economic impact, as
required by the SDWA. Another activity was the development of procedures to
assess the toxicological potential of drinking water additives before the issuance
of advisory opinions to State agencies. This involved investigation and review
of contaminant occurrence and health effects, and the development of monitoring,
measurement, and control methods.
2) Management of the National Regulatory Programs: In managing the Public
Water System and Underground Injection Control programs, Headquarters coordinates,
guides, and provides support to States and Regions with primary enforcement
responsibilities. In 1981, EPA issued a formal guidance outlining a consistent
DW-29
-------
strategy to increase the compliance of small systems with national regulations,
and prepared a number of guidance documents for implementing the UIC program.
Headquarters reviews petitions to designate sole source aquifers under Section
1424(e) of the SDWA and reviews requests for variances and exemptions to PWS
requirements to ensure proper adherence to statutory requirements. EPA reviewed
three sole source aquifer petitions in 1981. Other activities included managing
State grant allocations, maintaining data systems for PWS reporting, developing
a data system for the UIC program, and planning and administrative support.
3) Advisory Health Information and Technical Assistance: EPA prepared
eight health advisory documents to inform State authorities and water facility
operators about the estimated health risk posed by unfamiliar contaminants.
These are strictly advisory guidance, including, where appropriate, the level of
human exposure which available scientific information indicates will pose no
health hazard. They contain relevant toxicological information, as well as
information on how these contaminants can be monitored and effectively removed.
EPA also provides laboratory and analytic capacity, maintained to support develop-
ment of standards, to assist State and local governments. EPA lends assistance
in emergency situations as well, where contaminants are found that pose an
acute health hazard either 1n water supplies or sources.
The Agency used extramural funds to support the following activities:
collecting the latest toxicological information on selected contaminants;
preparing technical guidance for implementation of the UIC program; collecting
and compiling data on human exposure to water-borne contaminants to support
determination of primary standards (some of this will be in conjunction with EPA
surveys of national contaminant occurrence); collecting information on treatment
process performance and cost; and assessing the financial conditions of the
nation's water supply industry.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,866,100 $9,213,600 $7,401,300
The net decrease of -$2,464,800 results from several actions, as follows:
January - March. (-$652,500) The change represented a decrease of
$652,500 fromthe January request, of which $419,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $233,200 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Promulgation
of protocols for evaluating additives and the subsequent issuance of toxico-
logical opinions were delayed. Proposal of Revised Primary Drinking Water
Regulations was delayed until early 1983.
Reprograniriiings. (+$60,000) During the development of the operating plan,
severa1 mi scellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$60,000.
Congressional ActIons. (-$1,872,300) A reduction of-$1,005,400 was taken
against the March estimate, reflecting the September 12% reduction to the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contracts to support revisions to
the primary drinking water regulations1 and support for regulation development
will be reduced. In addition, the Office of Drinking Water's management
support for the underground injection control and public water system programs
will be reduced.
An additional reduction of -$866,900 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($669,200) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($197,700) appropri-
ations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
DW-30
-------
1982Program
The Agency is currently allocating for this program $7,401,300 and 91.8
permanent workyears, of which $5,009,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and
32,391,500 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Activities include:
1) Development and Revision of Standards and Regulations: EPA is issuing
two Advance Notices of Proposed Rule Making in 1982 for comprehensive review and
revision of existing primary drinking water standards. This involves assessing
the latest research information on contaminant health effects and waterborne
occurrence.as well as the effectiveness, efficiency, and necessity of current
monitoring and reporting requirements. As mandated by the SOWA, these Revised
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations provide for comprehensive human
health protection from potentially harmful contaminants and will entail stream-
lined regulatory requirements to reduce the administrative burden on States and
utilities. This review of existing regulations is one part of developing compre-
hensive Revised NPDWRs. The other activity involves examining the need for new
standards for volatile organic contaminants. All revisions involve systematic
regulatory impact analyses. In 1982, major surveys of contaminant occurrence
in ground water sources are being completed by EPA. The Agency has deferred
development of advisory opinions for drinking water additives.
2) Management of the National Regulatory Programs: Major emphasis in 1982
is on issuing guidance documents for UIC program implementation stemming from
changes in the program regulations. Documents either describe changes in regu-
latory provisions or clarify technical or procedural details, as agreed upon in
the 1981 litigation settlement. A guidance document stemming from a proposed
settlement of the litigation of MCL's for trihalomethanes will also be issued.
Review of State UIC primacy applications is another critical task, Compilation
and analysis of State compliance data, management of State grant allocations,
and administrative support continues.
3) Advisory Health Information and Technical Assistance: The Agency will
develop health advisory documents for 15 contaminants in 1982. In addition, we
will prepare a more systematic approach to emergency response, setting up the
capacity to develop rapid advisory estimates of the health risk posed by major
contamination incidents as they occur. Ongoing technical assistance to States
and localities for the identification, assessment, and control of contaminants
is continuing as needed. Direct EPA participation and consultation, such as
that provided to Tucson, Arizona in the Fall of 1981, is available.
Extramural funds will support the following: collecting the latest toxico-
logical data on selected contaminants, preparing technical guidance for imple-
menting the UIC program, collecting and compiling data on human exposure to
waterborne contaminants to support determination of primary standards, collecting
treatment process performance and cost information, and assessing the financial
conditions of the nation's water utility industries.
V983 Prp^ramjegues^t
The Agency requests a total of $8,215,700 and 87.2 permanent workyears, of
which $5,540,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,675,700 is for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. This represents an increase of $814,400 which provides
funding for operational expenses and contacts to further support regulatory
impact analyses, and a decrease of 4.6 permanent workyears resulting from a
reduction of activity relating to the control of additives in drinking water.
planned activities will include these major areas:
1) Qevelgpmentand Revisions of Standards and Regulations:. Promulgation
of new MCCs for"V51 atl 1 e Organic Chemicals (VOCs),if needed, is planned in
1983, as are proposals revising existing standards and regulatory requirements.
The program will continue to compile, assess, and analyze the latest scientific
data, as well as analyze the regulatory and economic impact of regulatory require-
DW-31
-------
ments. The revised standards will streamline national regulatory requirements
reducing regulatory burdens while maintaining protection against adverse health
effects. The need to amend the UIC regulations will be determined by a mid-course
evaluation which will take place in 1982 and 1983.
2) Managementof the NationalRegulatoryPrograms: We will emphasize
efficient operation ofthe UIC program and prepare cl ear.understandable guidance
to support program implementation. The program will rapidly review applications
for State UIC delegations as well as process petitions for sole source desig-
nations. In addition, efforts to characterize and assess the effect of subsurface
contamination of drinking water supplies will continue. Management of the
State grant allocations, ADP systems, and on-:going coordination, support, and
assessment of Regional programs will continue, though at a lower level than in
past years. The program will also issue implementation guidance on the THM
regulations for systems serving 10,000 to 75,000 people, guidance on granting
variances and exemptions, and guidance on enforcing compliance in recalcitrant
systems.
3) Advisory Health Information and Technical Assistance: Health advi-
sor ies which providerTskinformationan3controltechniques on unregulated
contaminants and general technical assistance will continue to be developed for
the use of State agencies and utilities. The Science Advisory Board will be
consulted during the development of health advisories.
Extramural funds will supplement in-house expertise in gathering the latest
toxicologlcal information on selected contaminants, human exposure to waterborne
contaminants, the efficacy of treatment processes, and the economic impact of
drinking water protection.
nw-32
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
to
U)
Public Hater System
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Underground Injection
Control Program
Grants
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Training
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Underground Injection
Control
Implementation
Program
Abatement Control £
Compliance
$30,188.8 $29,450.0 $29,450.0 $29,450.0 $23,560.0 -$5,890.0
$7,218.7 $8,574.5 $6,574.5 $6,574.5 $5,540.2 -$1,034.3
$1,530.3 $1,5DO.O $1,500.0 $1,823.0
$172.0
-$1,823.0
$311.7
-------
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURREMT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Abatement Control S $39,421.5 $39,524.5 $37,524.5 $37,847.5 $29,100.2 -$8,747.3
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $39,421.5 $39,524.5 $37,524.5 $37,847.5 $29,100.2 -$8,747.3
Program Resource
Assistance
-------
DRINKING WATER
State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,100,200 in 1983 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance, a decrease of $8,747,300 from the current 1982 estimate. This
Includes $23,560,000 for continuation of the Public Water System Supervision
grants, and $5,540,200 for continuation of Underground Injection Control grants,
a reduction of 35,890,000 and $1,034,300, respectively, from the current 1982
estimate. The request does not include funds for continued support of the National
Rural Water Association network of training and technical support to small systems.
Program Description
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the 57 States and Territories are
expected to assume the primary role in the implementation and enforcement of
public water system supervision (PWS) and underground injection control (UIC)
regulations. State program grants provide financial assistance to States in
meeting their regulatory responsibilities. To be eligible for continuing PWS or
UIC grants, a State must assume formal primary enforcement authority, or primacy,
for that program from EPA. Where a State has not assumed primacy for UIC, EPA
may use grant funds to implement a program.
The SDWA also authorizes Federal financial support for special studies,
demonstration projects, and training of State and local personnel. In the past,
funds have been provided to support State Rural Water Associations.
Public WaterSystem Supervision Program Grants This program element
provides for financial assfsfance^tor'those States which have assumed primary
enforcement responsibility for implementing Federally approved safe drinking
water programs.
Underground Injection Control Program Grants -- This program element pro-
vides for financial support to allStateswhich have assumed primary enforcement
responsibility for the Underground Injection Control Program. However, for
States not accepting delegation, EPA may use funds allocated for grants to those
States for conducting UIC implementation activities in those non-primacy States.
_Sj»c1al_ Studies and Deironstrations -- This program element includes grants
to theNationalRural Water Association, which provides for training and technical
assistance to small rural water programs.
Training This program element includes the institutional grants and
fellowships for professional training in the drinking water field, covering
both the public water system supervision and ground water protection programs.
PUBLICWATER SYSTEM SUPERVISIONPROgRAMGRANTS
1981Accomplishments
In 1981 the Agency obligated $30,188,800 for Public Water Systems Super-
vision grants to 49 primacy States. This represented approximately 53% of the
total cost to administer the primacy State programs. These funds supported the
entire range of State Public Water System Supervision activities, including
surveillance of systems (sanitary surveys to identify violations and on-site
assistance to operators), enforcement against recalcitrant violators, provision
of laboratory capacity necessary to test water quality (including State certi-
fication of laboratories with authority to conduct tests), and the other activities
necessary to ensure adequate health protection. In addition, many States with
systems serving over 75,000 people developed and .adopted revisions to their
existing standards to include the trihalomethane, or THM, standards, and many
DM-35
-------
initiated THH monitoring programs. Grant funds were used also to increase the
monitoring and compliance of small systems.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estijwte
529,450,000 $29,450,000 $29,450,000
There is no change to this activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $29,450,000 to this program under Abatement,
Control and Compliance. These funds are available to 50 primacy States and
Territories. While one State, Iowa, renounced its primacy in 1981, two territories
are expected to assume primacy this year. These funds will represent an estimated
49% of the total financial costs of administering primacy State programs. On-going
State Public Water Systems Supervision activities will continue. In 1982 emphasis
will be placed on effective monitoring for compliance with THM regulations and
on improved response to contamination of ground water sources of drinking water.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $23,560,000 for public water system supervision grants
to 50 primacy States and territories. This represents a decrease of $5,890,000,
resulting from greater State self-reliance and simplified requirements. State
follow-up activities will focus on violations of drinking water standards and
other contamination incidents which have the greatest health impact. The States
may choose to finance with their own resources technical assistance to systems
wishing to upgrade their water supplies. Efforts to conduct substantial moni-
toring of non-community systems will be deferred, as will discretionary activi-
ties to protect against contaminants not regulated by Federal drinking water
standards. Drinking water programs have traditionally been the purview of State
and local governments, and many of their institutional arrangements supporting
the program are in place.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL GRANTS
.198.1. .Accompl ishroents
In 1981, the Agency obligated $7,218,700 for grants to support the imple-
mentation of Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs. EPA administered
grants to 41 States to prepare programs to regulate underground injections that
may endanger drinking water sources. Preparatory activities involved completion
of inventories and classification of Injection wells, the delineation of affected
aquifers, acquisition of staff and apparatus, and establishment of the appropriate
legislative and regulatory authorities.
1982 Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate ; Estimate
$8,574,500 $6,574,500 $6,574,500
The net decrease of -$2,000,000 results from the following action:
January - March. (-$2,000,000) This change represented a decrease of
$2,000,000 from the January budget, all of which was for Underground Injection
Control grants.
DW-36
-------
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $6,574,500 to this program under Abatement,
Control and Compliance. These funds are available to support implementation of
the UIC program nationally. EPA will use funds allotted for States which fail
to assume primacy to support direct implementation in those States and on Indian
lands.
WIC programs regulate injection practices that pose a risk to drinking
water sources, either through permits, less formal administrative rule, or well
closure. Regulatory measures may apply to injection wells or nearby wells in an
"area of review," and may apply to individual wells or areas under single manage-
ment. Permissible injection practices must meet specific design, construction,
maintenance, and monitoring requirements.
Wells requiring permits are those injecting municipal and industrial wastes
beneath a drinking water source (Class I), some kinds of injections associated
with oil and gas production (Class II), and injections associated with mining
processes (Class III). Injection of hazardous wastes into or above drinking
water sources (Class IV) is prohibited. Miscellaneous injection practices (Class
V) must be assessed for their contamination potential before any regulation may
proceed.
Other program activities include surveillance of regulated wells, compila-
tion and review of operator monitoring reports, enforcement against recalcitrant
operators, instruction of staff and operators about requirements, and response
to emergencies endangering drinking water sources. EPA'expects 40 States to
have assumed primacy by the end of 1982.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests $5,540,200 under Abatement, Control and Compliance, a
decrease of $1,034,300, reflecting a move toward greater self-reliance and
simplified program grant requirements. These grants support national implemen-
tation of the UIC program, either by grants to primacy States or through use of
the funds by EPA in nonprimacy jurisdictions. These funds will support the
highest priority activities: technical review and permitting of new Class I,
II, and II! wells; review and permitting of existing Class I and III wells;
closure of shallow hazardous waste disposal (Class IV) wells; mechanical integrity
testing of permitted wells, surveillance and inspections of permitted and closed
wells; review of operator monitoring reports; assessment of impact of Class V
wells on ground water quality; and evaluation of the Area of Review approach to
all permitted new wells. The States will establish their own priorities in the
use of these grant funds in order to meet the statutory and regulatory require-
ments of the underground injection control program.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1981Accomplishments
During 1981, the Agency obligated $1,530,300 to support the State rural
water associations in their efforts to reach owners and operators of small
rural water systems and to educate them on t;he requirements of the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA). Major accomplishments dufing 1981 were: 1) the participation
of 29 State rural water associations, an additional four new States from the
previous year; 2) approximately 225 workshops on the SDWA; 3) the provision of
technical assistance; 4) the development and distribution of a film on contami-
nation of public water supplies by inappropriate plumbing connection in response
to a need identified by the Regions and State Health Departments; and 5) a
training session for all National Rural Water Association (NRWA) Program Managers
and circuit riders to stress latest EPA regulations and the best methods for
achieving compliance.
DW-37
-------
1982 Explanation of Cjianges from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
51,500,000 $1,500,000 $1,823,000
The net increase of $323,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Congressional Actions. (+$323,000) A reduction of -$1,290,000 was
taken againstthe March request reflecting the September 12% reduction
to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction
would have eliminated financial support to the National Rural Water Associ-
ation program after November 20, 1981. This program entails a network of
small rural systems in 29 States, organized to provide training and technical
assistance. The Congress subsequently added back a total of +$1,613,000,
which included the original reduction of $1,290,000 and an additional $323,000
for the Rural Water Association program.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $1,823,000, $323,000 of which is a
Congressional add-on, to continue to support the NRWA, Meanwhile, it is
encouraging the Association to work towards becoming self-supporting. The
programs will emphasize technical assistance and training aimed at assuring
that small rural systems provide safe drinking water.
1983 Program Request
No funding is requested for 1983. These programs will have become self-
supporting.
TRAINING
1981 Acconi.Pl i shments
Funds totaling $172,000 were obligated in this program during 1981.
Resources were used to support academic training for State agency personnel.
Sixty-one fellowships were awarded during 1981 to selected personnel emphasizing
instruction in ground water environment and management.
1982 Program
No funding is available in 1982.
1983Program Request
No funding is requested for 1983.
DW-33
-------
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Hater Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
Public Hater Systems
Supervision
Salaries fi Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compl1ance
Underground Injection
Control
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Drinking Water
Management
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,935.5 $5,996.3 $5,482.4 $5,461.0 $4,698.2 -$762.8
$981.0 $1,027.0 $936.9 $716.4 -$716.4
$1,684.4 $3,825.9 $3,823.3 $3,172.2 $3,974.4 $802.2
$32.4 $34.5 $34.5 $34.5 -$34.5
$7,619.9 $9,822.2 $9,305.7 $8,633.2 $8,672.6 $39.4
$1,013.4 $1,061.5 $971.4 $750.9 -$750.9
$8,633.3 $10,883.7 $10,277.1 $9,384.1 $8,672.6 -$711.5
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems
Supervision
182.1
177.0
157.0
156.4
1-28.1
-28.3
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
i
o
Underground Injection
Control
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Mater Systems
Supervision
Underground Injection
Control
50.4
204.7
57.9
82.2
82.2
80,2
232.5 259.2 239.2 236.6
82.2
110.8 110.8 108.7 110.8
2.0
2-10.3 -26.3
198.5 178.5 177.7 142.5 -35.2
2.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS
262.6
309.3 289.3
286.^
253.3 -33.1
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
3udget__ReQ.uest
The Agency requests a total of $8,672,600 and 210.3 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $711,500 and 26.3 permanent workyears from the current 1982
estimate. There is no request in 1983 for Abatement, Control and Compliance
funds, which results in a decrease of $750,900 from 1982 in that appropriation.
The Agency request in Salaries and Expenses increases by $39,400 over 1982.
Regional resources will be used t.o conduct Federal Public Water System
Supervision and Underground Injection Control programs in non-primacy States and
on Indian Lands, to encourage and assist States in program implementation, to
implement procedures for the designation of sole and/or principal sources of
drinking water, and to assist in assuring the safety of drinking water during
emergency situations, particulary in incidents of ground water contamination.
Program Description
This subactivity includes EPA Regional efforts to prevent and control -the
contamination of drinking water supplies and their sources. The Public Water
System Supervision (PWS) program is aimed at assuring the safety of drinking
water at the tap, and the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program regulates
a potential contributor to contamination of underground supplies before their
treatment and use.
/
EPA Regional activities relating to the PWS program involve: 1) regulating
drinking water suppliers directly in non-primacy States and on Indian lands; 2)
assisting state and local utilities to gain access to the latest scientific
information and engineering expertise relating to the causes, nature and health
risk of contamination and its removal, as well as the most practical means of
compliance with regulations; and 3) assisting PWS programs in primacy States in
complying with current regulatory requirements and assuring the provision of
dependably safe drinking water.
The first function involves all the activities of a State program, including
surveillance of public water supplies through inspections, water sampling, and
technical consultation to operators; insuring that actions to correct non-compli-
ance (public notification, direct enforcement) are taken; compilation of compli-
ance data; and processing appl ications for variances and exemptions. Also included
are direct Federal responsibilities such as assuring the quality of water on
interstate carrier conveyances.
Activities under the second function include scientific and technological
assistance by experts in water treatment and the health sciences in dealing with
emergency situations.
Activities under the third function include negotiating and managing grant
agreements, insuring the adoption of new standards by the States, reviewing
State data and reporting systems, and delegating the program to the remaining
non-primacy States.
Regional responsibilities for ground water protection involve 1) assisting
States in applying for and maintaining primacy for Underground Injection Control
(UIC) to insure proper implementation of technical requirements; 2) implementing
UIC regulatory programs in non-primacy jurisdictions; 3) assuring that States
possess adequate hydrogeological and engineering information to assure drinking
water sources are not contaminated by injection practices; and 4) protecting
underground drinking water sources through other means, such as protection of
sole source aquifers, and the capacity to as'sist in emergency situations
threatening underground sources of drinking water.
DW-41
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The States and Territories are expected to assume the principal role in
implementing and enforcing the UIC regulations. Where States have not assumed
primacy or have no jurisdiction, EPA is responsible for implementing a regulatory
program. This involves, first, the regulation of injection practices that pose
a risk to drinking water sources, either by permit or by rule. Regulatory
measures may apply to injection wells or wells within an "area of review."
Permissible injection practices must meet specific design, construction, mainte-
nance, and monitoring requirements.
Wells requiring permits are those injecting municipal and industrial wastes
beneath a drinking water source (Class I), some kinds of injections associated
with oil and gas production (Class II), and injections associated with mining
processes (Class III). Injection of hazardous wastes into drinking water sources
(Class IV) is prohibited. Miscellaneous injection practices (Class Ve.g.,
injection of cooling waters) must be assessed for their contamination potential
for possible future Federal regulatory action; wells posing an unacceptable
danger can be regulated immediately.
Other program activities include surveillance of regulated wells, compil-
ation and review of operator monitoring reports, enforcement against recalcitrant
operators, instruction of staff and operators about requirements, and response
to emergencies endangering drinking water sources.
Public Water System Supervision -- This program element includes activities
related to the implementation of drinking water regulations. EPA provides support
to States in developing their capability to administer a public water systems
supervision program. EPA administers programs in States which do not have primary
enforcement responsibility or in areas in which States do not have civil juris-
diction. Interstate carriers are certified, and assistance is provided to States
in the review and evaluation of specific drinking water problems. State programs
are evaluated including triennial review of exemptions and variances, and grant
awards are administered.
Underground Injection Control This program element includes activities
related to the implementation of the ground water protection program. EPA pro-
vides support to States in developing their capability to administer the UIC
program. The Agency will establish and enforce a UIC program in States which do
not have primary enforcement responsibility and in areas where the States do not
have civil jurisdiction. Petitions are processed for the designation of sole
source aquifers; and a review of Federally financed projects to determine their
impacts on aquifers in a "determined sole source" area is conducted; States'
programs are evaluated and State permit programs are reviewed. Grant awards are
also administered in the Regions.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM SUPERVISION (PWS)
1981Accomplishments
During 1981 the Agency obligated $6,916,500, $5,935,500 of which was used
for Salaries and Expenses and $981,000 was used for Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance. In 1931 the program emphasized expanding compliance with existing and new
standards. Regional programs extended support to primacy States in adopting
trihalomethane (THM) regulations and in fostering improvements in small system
compliance through the application of a compliance strategy. Adoption of stan-
dards for organic contaminants represented la change in the operating routines
for some States and their systems, which were used to deal with "traditional"
bacterial, turbidity, and inorganic chemical standards only. Effective implemen-
tation of these new standards has required substantial EPA participation and
consultation, particularly on operation of the complicated and sensitive monitor^
ing methods.
States and water suppliers also asked for Regional help when confronted by
instances of ground water contamination, often in proximity to hazardous waste
DW-42
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\ facilities. EPA Regional experts also played a role in other EPA programs which
,/ control sources of harmful contaminants (programs like RCRA for hazardous waste
and Superfund for abandoned waste sites), by assessing the potential of these
sources to contaminate underground drinking water sources. Extramural funds
were available to support direct implementation of PWS programs in non-primacy
States and on Indian lands. Funds were spent largely to obtain technical services,
such as laboratory analysis.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$7,023,300 $6,419,300 $6,177,400
The net decrease of -$845,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$604,000) This change represented a decrease from the
the January request, of which $513,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$90,100 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. These decreases primarily
affected Regional oversight of primacy States' programs, with some reduction
in the Federal administration of the program in non-primacy States and Indian
lands. Specifically, Regional evaluations of primacy State programs were
curtailed in 1982, and some technical assistance to these States was deferred,
" Reprogranffling, (+$68,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several misceTTaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$68,100.
- Congressional Actions. (-$322,700) A reduction of -$232,500 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction reflects
a decrease in contract funds used in support of training for State and local
water treatment operators.
An additional reduction of -$90,200 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet CongressionaTly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$12,700) The net increase applied to this activi<-
ty includes an increase of $12,700 to Salaries and Expenses to cover essential
operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $6^177,400 and 156.4 permanent
workyears to this program* of which $5,461,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$716,400 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. We expect that 50 States and
Territories will have primacy in 1982: two additional Territories will assume
primacy, but Iowa returned primary enforcement authority in 1981. The program
will assist States in developing and adopting new THM standards. Emphasis is
being redirected to supervise the remaining non-primacy States and to work closely
with the primacy States as they confront increasingly complex technical issues
and emergency situations. ;
EPA cooperation with primacy States on technical problems includes site
reviews, testing underground drinking water sources, and providing engineers and
toxicological experts that consult with State agencies and public water systems.
Extramural funds will support direct implementation of PWS programs in non-primacy
States and on Indian lands.
DW-43
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $4,698,200 and 128.1 permanent workyears under Salaries
and Expanses, a decrease of $1,479,200. A decrease of $762,800 and 28.3 permanent
workyears -in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects reduced Federal
oversight of primacy States, and a decrease of $716,400 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation reflects reduced Federal implementation responsi-
bilities resulting from decreased regulatory demand. Program activities will
involve regulating public water systems in non-primacy jurisdictions and admin-
istering grants to primacy States. EPA will provide technical assistance during
emergencies.
Regional activities to regulate community water systems in non-primacy
States and Indian lands will maintain the basic compliance mechanism: tracking
operator self-monitoring through required operator reports and notifying violators
when they are discovered. Direct action and follow-up will take place with
serious and consistent violators of actual Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL), We
will discontinue compliance visits to MCL violators, sanitary surveys, and over-
sight of systems' public notification. Activities to regulate noncommunity
water systems in these jurisdictions will involve developing and maintaining an
inventory of noncommunity systems, and instituting the required self-monitoring
procedure.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL (UIC)
1981 Activities
During 1981 the Agency obligated $1,716,800. Of that amount $1,684,400 was
used for Salaries and Expenses and $32,400 was used for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. In 1981 priority was given to assisting States in establishing UIC
programs and preparing primacy applications. In addition, EPA started the pre-
liminary work to implement the program directly in those States that did not
seek grants and reviewed petitions for sole source aquifer designations. Inven-
tories and classification of injection wells and the delineation of affected
aquifers were established to support direct implementation. The Agency admin-
istered grants to 41 States seeking primacy.
Region VII used extramural funds to evaluate the uses and contamination
potential of the Karst region ground water in southern Missouri.
1982 Explanation ofChanges from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,860,400 $3,857,800 $3,206,700
The net decrease of -$653,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,600) The change represented a decrease of $2,600 in
Salaries and Expenses from the January request, which resulted in a decrease
of travel resources for 1982.
" Rejrogranming. (-$383,200) During the development of the operating plan,
severalmiscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congressally
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$383,200.
- Congressional Action. (-$283,900) An additional reduction of -$283,909
was "applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional
mandated appropriation levels,
- Transfer Authority. (+$16,000) The net increase applied to this activity
includes an increase of $16,000 to Salaries and Expenses to cover essential
operating costs.
DU-44
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $3,206,700 and 80.2 permanent workyears to
this program, of which $3,172,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $34,500 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This year emphasis will shift to delegating
primacy to qualified States* EPA expects 40 States to assume primacy during
1982.
The Regions are continuing their close cooperation with States to assemble
information on aquifers, respond to cases of ground water contamination, provide
technical information to help States with contamination problems, and assist
them in the assumption and maintenance of primacy.
EPA is currently developing implementation plans for 17 States and terri-
tories which may not seek delegation. These plans must be enacted within 90
days of a State's decision to forgo delegation, or at the end of the 270-day
extension period. In non-delegated States EPA must perform or contract for the
operation of regulatory programs, These include developing an Information base
and establishing an institutional framework. Region VII will use extramural
resources for conducting studies on the ground water potential of impending
uranium solution mining in Nebraska.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,974,400 and 82.2 permanent workyears, all
of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This increase of
$767,700 and 2.0 permanent workyears provides additional funding for operational
expenses and additional resources for UIC Implementation activities. A decrease
of $34,500 in extramural funding reflects the completion of the Region VII study
of uranium mining.
In 1983, Regions will continue to aid States in attaining delegation for
the Underground injection Control program. The major objective in the program
is to encourage and assist States in developing State UIC program and management
approaches. Priority will be given to expediting grants to States with primary
enforcement responsibility for the implementation of their programs. Because
the guidance will be well established, EPA will reduce emphasis on substantive
program guidance to the new State programs on such matters as permitting pro-
cedures, plugging and closure operations, inventory verification and mechanical
integrity testing. The Regions will begin implementing their responsibilities
on Indian lands and in non-delegated States.
The Agency will retain the capacity to respond to emergency subsurface
water contamination. Responses will be made where the contamination emergency
directly affects an underground drinking water source. Review of sole source
aquifer petitions will continue.
In States where EPA must implement a UIC program, EPA will review permit
applications for new Class I, II, and III wells, conduct technical reviews before
repermltting, conduct surveillance and emergency actions, and close hazardous
wells.
DW-45
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank .
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 19fl2 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries 8 Expenses
$738. Z $970.9 $918.2 $844.7 $856.1 $11.4
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
Drinking Mater
Enforcement
TOTAL
$738.2 $970.9 $918.2 $844.7 $856.1 $11.4
$738.2 $970.9 $918.2 $844.7 $856.1 $11.4
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
22.9
28.4
27.7
27.1
25.7
-1.4
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
22.9
28.4
27.7
27.1
25.7
-1.4
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
26.6
32.0
29.9
29.3
25.7
-3.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
26.6
32.0
29.9
29.3
25.7
-3.6
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $856,100 and 25.7 permanent workyears for
1983, an increase of $11,400 and a decrease of 1.4 permanent workyears from 1982.
All of this amount is for Salaries and Expenses. The decrease in workyears is at*
tributable to the reorganization of Enforcement responsibilities within the Agency.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, as amended, provides the statutory
requirements for a Federal and State drinking water program. The Act assures the
safety of drinking water through two mechanisms: the establishment and enforcement
of Primary Drinking Water Regulations, which specify the maximum allowable levels
of drinking water contaminants, and Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations
for protection of underground sources of drinking water.
The Safe Drinking Water Act provides for State assumption of the drinking
water program and requires EPA to implement the program in States that have not
been delegated enforcement responsibility. That Public Water System (PWS) program
encompasses the following enforcement activities: investigate violations and
initiate legal action against violators of the Primary Drinking Water Regulations
in primacy States which request such assistance and in all nonprimacy areas and,
where necessary, initiate emergency enforcement actions,
The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program requires that EPA designate
States that can assume the UIC program. We project that all programs will be
delgated to the States by 1985. Enforcement program activities will include ap-
proval of the enforcement sections of primacy applications for State UIC programs,
issuance of UIC permits in nonprimacy States; preparation for implementation of
UIC permits; investigations and initiation of enforcement action against violators
of the regulations; and response to emergencies when necessary.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $738,200 in Salaries and Expenses. During 1981,
EPA referred four civil actions for violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act to
the Department of Justice (DQJ) for filing and prosecution. Possible emergencies
have been evaluated to ascertain the appropriateness of the response taken or
planned by State and local authorities.
Drinking water enforcement activities also included participation in initial
regulatory reform activities for the Underground Injection Control regulations and
review of draft and final UIC State program approval applications from seven
States.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March ; Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$970,900 $918,200 $844,700
The net decrease of -$126,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$32,700) This change represented a decrease of $32,700
from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
DW-43
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" Reorganization. (-$20,000) These resources were moved to Technical Sup-
port- Officeof Legal and Enforcement Counsel (National Enforcement Investi-
gation Center NEIC). The functions supported by these resources remain the
same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so that their re-
sources could be more readily identified and, (b) organizationally, the center
now falls under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel. As a result of an agency restructuring these resources were later
moved to the Interdisciplinary program under one program element. This re-
flects the consolidation of these similar activities providing quick technical
response in emergency situations.
" Reprograiimin^. (-$51,400) During the development of the operating plan,
severa'Y"mi'sceTI aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$51,400.
- Congressional Action. (-$22,300) An additional reduction of -$22,300 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer .A,ijthor1..ty. (+$200) The net increase applied to this activity
includes an increase of $200 to Salaries and Expenses to cover essential
operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $844,700 to this program, all of which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. During 1982, drinking water enforce-
ment will focus on two programs: PMS and UIC. A PWS compliance assurance program
will be implemented in seven non-primacy States and territories and on Indian
lands. A Federal enforcement program will be developed and implemented in those
States that choose not to implement their own UIC program. EPA will issue UIC
permits in non-primacy States. Draft and final State UIC program approval applica-
tions will be reviewed.
1983 Program Request
In 1983, the Agency requests a total of $856,100 for this program, all of
which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This is an increase of
$11,400 and a decrease of 1.4 permanent workyears and reflects the reorganization
of enforcement responsibilities within the Agency. All resources associated with
case development and legal activities have been transferred to the new Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. Technical assistance and support will be provided
to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel in the development of warranted
civil and criminal referrals.
During 1983, drinking water enforcement will focus on two programs: public
water system (PWS) and underground injection control (UIC). PWS activities will
consist of support for compliance assurance activities in non-primacy States. UIC
activities will include the issuance of UIC permits, review of the enforcement
sections of primacy applications for UIC programs and development of the enforcement
portion of the Federal UIC program to be implemented in those States that choose
not to implement their own UIC program.
DU-49
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Hazardous Waste
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Hazardous.,Waste
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
. OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS)
$31,571.6 $35,323.7 $31,335.2 $29,200.9 $31,700.4 $2,499.5
$86,160.2 $84,580.4 $64,804.7 $56,480.9 $53,926.1 -$2,554.8
$23,695.9 $23,432.2 $22,700.3 $21,546.3 $17,717.2 -$3,829.1
$141,427.7 $143,336.3 $118,840.2 $107,228.1 $103,343.7 -$3,884.4
725.4 713.3 642.8 609,5 557.0 -52.5
916.7 1,036.6 863.9 822.8 740.1 -82.7
$157,182.5 $83,802.0 $77,583.0 $125,666.8 $124,857.6 -$809.2
$166,446.0 $120,000.0 $120,000.0 $120,000.0 -$120,000.0
Hazardous Waste Non-
Energy
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
RESEARCH 6 DEVELOPMENT
$4,605.4 $8,536.5
$23,695.9 $23,432.2
TOTAL
$4,605.4
$23,695.9
$28,301.3
$8,536.5
$23,432.2
$31,968.7
$8,345.7 $7,942.0 $11,862.0 $3,920.0
$22,700.3 $21,546.3 $17,717.2 -$3,829,1
$8,345.7 $7,942.0 $11,862.0 $3,920.0
$22,700.3 $21,546.3 $17,717.2 -$3,829.1
$31,046,0 $29,488.3 $29,579.2 $90.9
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Waste Management
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Financial Assistance
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Waste Management
Strategies Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 6
Compliance
Technical Assistance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6.199.3 $7,113.9 $6,614.9 $6,574.0 $6,559.0 -$15.0
$14,022.1 $21,833.6 $19,666.7 $12,358.3 $17,160.0 $4,801.7
$39,672,4 $54,300.0 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $35,136.6 -$6,563.4
$6,974.4 $8,626.2 $7,753.5 $7,185.7 $11,382.9 $4,197.2
$7,411.1 $2,973.1 $2,958.1 $2,093.7 $1,629.5 -$464.2
$1,272.4 $1,929.4
$3,578.2 $4,993.8
$3,069.9
$19,505.3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Cotnpl 1 ance
ABATEMENT * CONTROL
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$17,516.0 $17,669.5
$84,189.1 $84,100.5
$14,368.4 $13,759.7 $17,941.9 $4,182.2
$64,324.8 $56,152.0 $53,926.1 -$2,225.9
TOTAL $101,705.1 $101,770.0 $78,693.2 $69,911.7 $71,868.0 $1,956.3
$9,450.2 $9,117.7 $8,621.1 $7,499.2 $1,896.5 -$5,602.7
$1,941.1 $479.9 $479.9 $328.9 -$328.9
$9,450.2 $9,117.7 $8,621.1 $7,499.2 $1,896.5 -$5,602.7
$1,941.1 $479.9 $479.9 $328.9 -$328.9
TOTAL $11,391.3 $9,597.6 $9,101.0 $7,828.1 $1,896.5 -$5,931.6
Hazardous Waste Non~ 69.3 105.2 101.9 102.6 130.0 27.4
Energy
RESEARCH ft DEVELOPMENT TOTAL 69.3 105.2 101.9 102.6 130.0 27.4
Waste Management 124.9 133.3 130.5 126.7 116.8 -9.9
Regulations, Guidelines &
Policies
Waste Management 204.4 220.1 197.4 191.7 264.1 72.4
Strategies Implementation
Technical Assistance 21.8 27.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste Non-
Energy
RESEARCH « DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Haste Management
Regulations, Guidelines 4
Policies
Financial Assistance
Waste Management
Strategies Implementation
Technical Assistance
Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
ACTUAL
19S1
44.0
395.1
261.0
261.0
100.4
100,4
166.6
251.1
31.3
56.0
R05.0
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
380.4
227.7
227.7
155.2
155.2
187.5
90.0
271.6
34.2
583.3
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
327.9 318.4 380.9 62.5
213.0 188.5 46.1 -142.4
213.0 188.5 46.1 -142.4
151.9 157.5 188.7 31.2
151.9 157.5 188.7 31.2
180.3 173.2 157.7 -15.5
245.3 237.0 342.3 105.3
425.6 410.2 500.0 89.8
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
EIFORCEMENT
ACTUAL
1981
311.3
TOTAL 311.3
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
298.1
298. 1
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
286.4
286.4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
255.1
255.1
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
51.4 -203.7
51.4 -203.7
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW ANDSTRATEGY
Approximately 43 minion metric tons of hazardous wastes, Including organic
chemicals, pesticides, acids, caustics, flammables, and explosives were gen-
erated in the United States in 1981. By 1983, the amount of hazardous waste
will Increase by nearly four million metric tons* Improper management of
these wastes can cause a variety of health and environmental damages, including
groundwater and surface water contamination, skin disorders and Internal ill-
ness, fire and explosions. Such damages and subsequent remedial actions could
eventually cost hundreds of millions of dollars.
The major goal of the hazardous waste program is to reduce future risks to
public health and the environment by ensuring environmentally sound management
of the ever growing amount of hazardous wastes without placing unreasonable
compliance costs or burdens on either the hazardous waste management industry or
the industrial generators of hazardous wastes. The regulatory development and
program implementation components of the EPA hazardous waste program, supported
by the research and development and enforcement functions, constitute a compre-
hensive program to facilitate proper Federal attention to this environmental
problem.
Regulatory Deyejopmen|
The primary goal of the regulatory development component is to establish
national standards to ensure proper management, transportation, treatment, stor-
age, and disposal of hazardous wastes. The result is to reduce public and envi-
ronmental exposure to known hazardous wastes by limiting the future incidence of
improper or uncontrolled hazardous waste operations. This authority is derived
from Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA),
as amended. RCRA requires EPA to develop lists and criteria for determining
what constitutes a hazardous waste; standards for handlers of hazardous wastes
from generation through disposal; technical standards for permitting hazardous
waste facilities; and requirements for authorization of State hazardous waste
programs. EPA also provides technical and other guidance needed by States and
the regulated community for proper Implementation of the hazardous waste regula-
tions.
Establishing effective hazardous waste standards and regulations is a
complex process requiring consideration of many diverse factors. Such factors
include the geographic, climatic and hydrogeological conditions of the environ-
ment in which they are released as well as the method of treatment, storage or
disposal.
In 1982 and 1933, the hazardous waste research and development function
will support the regulatory program by developing the necessary scientific and
technical data for establishing and amending the hazardous waste regulations.
The Phase II regulations, for instance, will require each operator to submit a
monitoring plan to detect releases of hazardous wastes Into the environment.
Currently, protocols do not exist for monitoring hazardous wastes. In light of
this problem, research efforts are systemically being directed to develop spe-
cific monitoring and quality assurance protocols and guidelines to effectively
detect, identify, and measure hazardous wastes. Research activities are also
being directed to develop the engineering and performance data required to
establish cost-effective technical standards for storage and treatment facil-
ities, incinerators, land treatment, and land disposal facilities.
In order to Institute a framework for comprehensive hazardous waste manage-
ment on a national basis, EPA Is following a phased schedule for issuance of
HM-6
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RCRA regulations. The. schedule is intended to satisfy both long-standing Agency
commitments to Federal District Court and the new requirements of Executive
Order 12291,
Schedule for Issuance of RCRA Regulations
CORE PROGRAM
Phase, I
₯31302 Standards for Generators of
Hazardous Wastes
§3003 Standards of Transporters of
Hazardous Wastes
§3001 Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Wastes
§3004 Interim Status Standards
§3005 Consolidated Permit Regulations
§3006 State Program Requirements
Phase II
PtitftFinancial Responsibility
Requirements - interim final
- final
§3004 Technical Standards for
Storage and Treatment
Facilities - interim final
- final
§3004 Technical Standards for
Incinerators - interim final
- final
§3004 Technical Standards for New
Land Disposal Facilities - interim final
- final
§3004 Technical Standards for Existing
Land Disposal Facilities - interim final
- final
Promulgation
Date *
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
September 1983
Completed
September 1983
Completed
October 1983
Compl eted
October 1983
February 1982
October 1983
* The promulgation date represents the date the proposed regulation is printed
in the Federal Register. It is followed by a minimum 6 month public review
and comment period.
Phase I regulations, promulgated in 1980, identify and list four key charac-
teristics of hazardous wastes (§3001). These regulations also state require-
ments for proper recordkeeping and reporting by generators and transporters
through the use of a manifest system to track shipment of hazardous wastes
(§3002, 3003). They establish general, administrative, and interim State require-
ments for hazardous waste management facilities (§3004). In addition, the Phase
I regulations outline requirements for State hazardous waste programs (§3005,
3006).
HH-7
-------
Phase II, covering technical and financial responsibility standards for
facilities, are partially in place. Regulations which came into effect in mid-
1981 establish the technical standards for use in permitting storage in tanks,
containers, and piles (Phase IIA), and disposal in incinerators (Phase IIB), new
surface impoundments, and new land disposal facilities (Phase IIC).
In 1982, the Agency is developing Phase IIC regulations establishing stand-
ards for existing surface impoundment and land disposal facilities on a pri-
ority basis in order to comply with the court ordered promulgation date of
February 1982. All Phase II rules will be in Interim final form through 1983.
The standards established will incorporate the latest scientific and engineer-
ing data available from the research and development program.
In 1982, EPA Is re-examining all of the Phase II technical and financial
responsibility requirements applicable to facilities under RCRA §3004 in re-
sponse to the Vice-President's Task Force on Regulatory Relief and Executive
Order 12291. The Agency Is developing a "degree of hazard" approach to regu-
latory reform which correlates costs with potential environmental risk to pro-
vide a cost-effective approach to waste management. EPA will perform thorough
regulatory Impact review and other analyses of these major new environmental
standards to ensure that the requirements are reasonable and not overly burden-
some. In 1983, these analyses will lead to appropriate modifications prior to
the expected finalization of the Phase II standards in September and October
1983. They will then apply to all hazardous waste management facilities and
will conclude the development of an effective core program.
In 1983, EPA regulatory reform efforts will concentrate on refining the
coverage established by the existing RCRA regulations. EPA will focus on pre-
paring technical standards tailored to the specific management needs or problems
of individual industrial sectors or wastestreams. These standards, also issued
under §3004 of RCRA, can simplify requirements and reduce costs for the affected
industries, incorporate risk mitigation concepts and specify appropriate new
waste management alternatives.
Listings and del 1 stings of hazardous wastes to revise the initial §3001
list will occur periodically, based upon data developed by EPA or submitted by
petitioners.
P rogram Imp1ementati on
EPA will ultimately delegate hazardous waste program implementation activi-
ties to the States. Currently, however, both EPA and the States Implement RCRA
regulations in accordance with the authorization status of each State. Interim
Authorization of States to operate their own hazardous waste programs in lieu of
the Federal regulatory program proceeds in phases consistent with the Phase I
and Phase II hazardous waste regulatory schedule. RCRA requirements in §3006
tie State authorization to the status of Federal regulations. Twenty-seven
States achieved Interim Authorization In 1981 to administer a program substan-
tially equivalent in coverage to that provided by the Phase I Federal regula-
tions. Interim Authorization is in effect for up to 24 months after a State's
receipt of any phase of authorization. This allows the State to upgrade its
program from substantial to full equivalence with the Federal RCRA system.
In 1982 and 1983, through Cooperative Arrangements, the Agency will con-
tinue to provide financial assistance to States without Interim Authorization
which agree to operate parts of the RCRA program on EPA's behalf. The elements
of the Federal program which the Agency will delegate to the States through Co-
operative Arrangements will be consistent with statutory provisions and the
availability of State resources to carry out the delegable tasks. EPA will set
federal financial aid, via State-EPA negotiations, commensurate with the tasks
to be delegated. The phased components of Interim Authorization and Coopera-
tive Arrangements will maximize early State participation in the national
hazardous waste management program.
HH-8
-------
In 1982 and 1983, EPA will continue to emphasize Regional assistance to
the States to develop State programs eligible for Interim Authorization.
However, the Agency's primary implementation activity in 1982 and 1983 will
be facility permitting under the Phase II regulations until the States are
delegated authority to permit facilities. There are approximately 11,000
hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal facilities. Permitting will
begin with those facility types for which effective 53004 standards exist.
As EPA promulgates remaining §3004 standards for Phase II, additional facil-
ities will become eligible to receive RCRA permits from either EPA Regional
offices or authorized States.
EPA's strategy for strong and active program implementation includes
technical enforcement to ensure compliance with the RCRA hazardous waste regu-
lations. Compliance inspections at selected facilities in 1982 and 1983 will
ensure compliance with Subtitle C requirements. Including the transitional In-
terim status standards, and lead to §3008 compliance orders, S3007 information-
gathering demand letters and §3013 monitoring, testing and analysis orders. In
addition, RCRA technical resources participate with Agency legal representatives
in developing Federal judicial actions for major violations of Subtitle C re-
quirements.
The permitting and enforcement activities are supported by information
generated from the regulatory development research efforts. For instance, the
engineering and performance data required by the program office to establish
standards and regulations can also be used as a basis for evaluating permit
applications more effectively and conducting compliance inspections in a more
efficient manner. Research and development activities will also support the
regulatory reform efforts through the development of transport and fate models
which will enable the Regions and States to Incorporate site specific condi-
tions into their permitting and enforcement activities.
HW-9
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Hazardous Waste Program $107,228.1
Salaries and Expenses ,. +2,499,5
The Increase in the salaries and expenses ap-
propriation reflects a shift in emphasis to-
ward more in-house research efforts, particu-
larly in developing the necessary engineering
and technical data to support the regulations
development for the disposal of hazardous wastes
through land treatment, incineration, landfill,
and surface impoundment.
Research and Development . -3,829.1
The decrease in the Research and Development ap-
propriation results from the completion of sev-
eral oil spill projects and the completion of
the fuel extraction program which has reached
the engineering stage where our research find-
ings can be adopted by industry.
Abatement, Control and Compliance... -2,554.8
The net reduction in extramural support reflects
the decrease in hazardous waste grants to the
States and the increase in regulatory reform
efforts. The reduction in grants is due to the
increasing ability of the States to fund their
maturing hazardous waste programs. Increased
regulatory reform resources will be used to
re-examine and modify the permitting and finan-
cial responsibility regulations.
1983 Hazardous Waste Program $103,343.7
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousandsof dollars)
January 1982 Estimate.. $143,336.3
January-March. -23,535.0
Reorganization -961.1
Reprogrammi ngs. +233.7
Congressional Actions..... .. -11,751.6
A decrease of $6,251,200 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of $131,900 to
Research and Development was taken against the
HW-10
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
March estimate to reflect the September 12% re-
duction. An additional reduction of $5,368,500
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
($3,738,000), Research and Development
($153,500), and Abatement, Control and Comp-
liance ($1,477,000) appropriations to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority... «« -94.2
A net decrease of $94,200 was transferred from
this program as follows: 5600,000 was transfer-
red from Abatement, Control and Compliance;
$1,073,600 was transferred from Research and
Development; and $1,579,400 was transferred to
Salaries and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate $107,228,1
HW-11
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
Program Activities 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Major
Phase I and II
promulgations ......... * 1 4 +3
Tailored
standards prom-
ulgated.......... ..... - - - 10 +10
Suppl emental
rules and technical
amendments to Phase I
and II promulgations.. 34 - 40 25 - 15
Section 3001
delistinqs ............ 108 - 140 140 0
Regulatory
Impact Analyses
produced ...... ,.-. ..... » - 5 +5
Program
Implementation
Guidances 12 25 15 25 + 10
States with
hazardous waste grant/
cooperative arrange-
ments............I.... 54 56 54 56 * 2
States
developing Phase I
legislation/regula-
tions 29 22 22 17 -5
States
developing legisla-
tion/regulations for
permittinq activities. 56 56 56 56 0
States with
interim authoriza-
tion:
Phase 1 27 34 34 39 + 5
Phase II..... 07 7 11 +4
HW-12
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
Program Activities 1981 1982 1932 1983 1983 vs. 1982
States
participating in CA for:
Manifest operation. 29 22 22 17 - 5
Permit evaluation.*... 54 54 54 56 + 2
Facility
permits issued by
EPA 1 360 ion 1020 +920
Facility
inspections by EPA....1980 666 3200 2950 -250
HW-13
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 198Z
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Technical Information
S Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research * Development
Monitoring 4 Quality
Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$168.2
$380.1
$151.2
$5.9
$1,557.9
$7,840.2
$90.9
$374.0
$561.4
$261.1
$179.0
$11.5
$3,178.4
$4,982.4
$74.0
$1,168.0
$561.4
$'256.1
$179.0
$11.5
$3,138.6
$4,880.8
$72.1
$1.135.0
$527.8
$242.6
$190.5
$2,966.5
$4,272.1
$142.4
$964.7
$938.8
$304.9
$182.4
$90.0
$3,521.2
$3,662.1
$376.5
$691.9
$411.0
$62.3
-$8.1
$90.0
$554.7
-$610.0
$234.1
-$272.8
$2,495.2 $2,968.7 $2,929.4 $2,511.6 $4,524.9 $2,013.3
$14,665.1 $15,310.8 $14,718.5 $14,582.5 $10,408.4 -$4,174.1
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental
Processes & Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL:
Salaries 5 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Hazardous Haste Non- TOTAL
Energy
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$142.0 $1,575.0 $1,465.2 $1,603.2 $2,318.2 $715.0
$430.6 $1,698.4 $1,698.4 $1,484.4 $2,559.9 $1,075.5
$4,605.4 $8,536.5 $8,345.7 $7,942.0 $11,862.0 $3,920.0
$23,695.9 $23,432.2 $22,700.3 $21,546.3 $17,717.2 -$3,829.1
$28,301.3 $31,968.7 $31,046.0 $29,488.3 $29,579.2
$90.9
PERMANENT FULL-TNE HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring & Quality
Assurance
Health Effects
2.0
2.5
20.7
2.0
10.8
3.1
30.1
1.9
10.8
3.1
30.1
1.9
10.5
3.1
20.6
1.9
14.5
2.1
22.0
4.0
4.0
-1.0
1,4
2.1
-------
£ Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental Engineering
5 Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring & Quality
Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
39.7
2.4
69.3
6.7
4.7
29.7.
2.0
54.1
35.0
24.3
105.2
17.2
4.8
39.4
1.9
53.3
35.0
21.0
101.9
17.2
4.8
39.4
1.9
53.3
38.5
28.0
102.6
16.9
4.8
33.5
1.9
56.8
59.0
28.4
130.0
21.0
3.7
32.0
4.0
79.9
20.5
.4
21 A
4.1
-1.1
-1.5
2.1
23.1
3.2
38.6
35.3
43.6
48.1
4.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
100.4
155.2 151.9
157.5
188.7
31.2
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agenqy requests a total of $29,579,200 and 130.0 permanent work years for
1983, an Increase of $90,900 and 27.4 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
1n this total Is $11,862,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $17,717,200 for
Research and Development, with an Increase of $3,920,000 and a decrease of
$3,829,100, respectively. The Increase In resources reflects a shift 1n anphasis
towards more in-house research efforts; the decrease reflects the completion
of several oil spills projects and the completion of the fuel extraction program
which has reached the engineering stage where our research findings can be
adapted by Industry.
Program Description
Consistent with the goals of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976 (RCRA), the objective of the hazardous waste research and development
program Is to develop the technologies, methodologies and scientific data
bases necessary to achieve environmentally acceptable, cost-effective solid
and hazardous waste management from generation through disposal.
The research program provides the scientific basis which will allow the
private and public sectors to (1) reduce the quantities of waste, especially
hazardous waste, requiring disposal through process change, waste recycle and
reuse or waste treatment, (2) ensure environmentally sound disposal and de-
struction of future wastes and (3) correct past mismanagement practices. The
major objective 1s to support the regulatory and enforcement efforts In (a) the
Identification and listing of hazardous wastes, hazardous waste streams from
industry and "polluting" hazardous waste disposal sites; (b) development and
revision of regulations for disposal of wastes by land disposal, thermal de-
struction or chemical, biological or physical treatment; (c) providing assis-
tance in the evaluation of permit applications; (d) development and evaluation
of remedial action engineering for uncontrolled polluting waste disposal sites;
and (e) the assessment of risk from hazardous waste production and mismanagement.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $548,300 for this program, of which
$168,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $380,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The Scientific Assessment program provided a variety of health hazard eval-
uation expertise to assist the Office of Solid Waste In establishing priorities
for listing hazardous chemicals under Section 3001 of RCRA and identifying the
health consequences of various control options under provisions of Section 3004,
Two hundred and fifty profiles of toxicity and exposure potential were developed
to support hazardous listing initiatives by the Agency and several health asses-
sments were completed to evaluate the health consequences of employing various
control options to site specific and generic disposal scenarios.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$822,500 $817,500 $770,400
The net decrease of -$52,100 results from the following action:
HW-17
-------
- January - March. (-55,000) This change represented a decrease of $5,000
from the January budget, all of which was for Research and Development.
- Congressional Actions. (-547,100) An additional reduction of -$47,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($33,600) and Research and Develop-
ment ($13,500) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $770,400 and 10.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $527,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $242,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Health hazard profiles and exposure profiles are being developed for use by
the Agency in verifying and issuing lists of hazardous substances. Evaluation
of the health hazard potential of control options, such as incineration of spec-
ific chemicals, is continuing. Completed assessments are submitted to the Office
of Solid Waste for use in setting national guidelines and issuing permits under
various provisions of RCRA.
In instances of hazardous spills, the need to quickly ascertain the assoc-
iated health hazards is addressed through provision of quick turnaround summaries
of potential health concerns associated with the specific chemical or chemicals
involved.
1983 Prograin Request
The Agency requests a total of 51,243,700 and 14.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $938,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $304,900 is for
Research and Development. This results in an increase of $411,000 and $62,300,
respectively, and reflects the Agency's increased need for risk asssessroent
support.
The primary objective of the Scientific Assessment program will be to
support regulatory development and implementation efforts, as well as regulatory
reform efforts, by providing information and methods necessary to determine the
magnitude of the human health and environmental risks resulting from the disposal
of hazardous waste. These efforts will directly support the program offices in
preparing Regulatory Impact Analyses required by Executive Order 12291, as well
as Agency needs under Sections 3001, 3003, 3004, of RCRA.
Health and exposure profiles will be provided for use in the Agency's
listing of hazardous substances under Section 3001. A spectrum of health assess-
ments, population-at-risk hazard assessments and component exposure evaluations
will be developed for QSW's use in developing national guidance and addressing
site specific control issues that will arise with permitting and monitoring of
existing and new disposal operations.
Whereas the health profiles developed for listing use are qualitative
only, on a selected basis and as requested by the Office of Solid Waste, specific
toxicity potency values and other measures of the severity of a hazard will be
developed for multiple use by the Office of'Solid Waste and Regional Offices.
The real-world problem of dealing with multiple chemical situations will
be addressed by developing a first generation assessment methodology for evalua-
ting the hazard from multi-exposure and complex mixture situations.
HW-18
-------
e
As in 1982, a quick turnaround capability will be maintained to provide
health summary documents for use in evaluating hazardous spill events, such as
chemical transport disasters.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
Refer to the Oxldants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those Techni-
cal Information and Liaison activities which are common to all research and
development budget activities. Activities specific to this budget activity are
Indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $157,100 for this program, of which
$151,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 55,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Specific products produced 1n support of the Hazardous Waste research program
included:
- A users guide on hazardous waste incinerator measurement protocols;
- A users guide on methods for sampling hazardous waste;
- A users guide to test methods for toxlcity of leachates development
and validation;
- A National conference on hazardous and toxic waste;
- The Seventh Annual Research Symposium on Hazardous and Municipal Solid
Waste;
- A Technical Resource Document on hazardous waste land treatment.
1982 Explanation of Changes froih January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$190,500 $190,500 $190,500
- Transfer Authorlty. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is madeup of a decrease of -$11,500 to Research and Development and an In-
crease of +$11,500 to Salaries and Expenses. There 1s no adverse Research
and Development impact. The reductions are minimal throughout the elements
and represent lower than anticipated costs. Tne Salaries and Expenses in-
crease will cover current operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $ 190,500 and 3.1 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Specific activities include developing:
- A users guide of methods for analyzing hazardous waste;
- A users guide of procedures and logistics for emergency monitoring of
hazardous waste sites;
- A users guide of methods for field Investigators of hazardous waste sites;
HW-19
-------
- A guidance document on exposure assessment guidelines for hazardous waste
sites;
- A handbook of hazardous material spill site safety cleanup procedures,
1983 Program_ge_qu_e_5t
The Agency requests a total of $272,400 and 2.1 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $182,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and 590,000 is for Research
and Development. This reflects a decrease of $ 8,100, and an increase of $90,000
respectively, which will increase the amount of direct technical information and
liaison support provided.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials 1n support of
their increased role in administering envlronmental programs.
MONITORING SYSTEMS ANDQUALITYASSURANCE
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $9,398,100 for this program, of which
$1,557,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,840,200
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
An extensive effort was undertaken in hazardous waste monitoring and quality
assurance to establish techniques that provided a sound scientific and legal
basis for the data required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
regulations and the uncontrolled hazardous waste site program. Major activities
included:
- Developing and evaluating protocol procedures for obtaining hazardous
waste samples to support the Office of Solid Waste (OSU) for Section
3001 of RCRA;
- Evaluating methods for analysis of samples to support enforcement of
Section 3001 of RCRA;
- Developing a draft manual using the best available methodology for
analysis of samples. The manual will be used for validating data
obtained for satisfying the requirements of 40 CFR Part 261, Identifica-
tion and Listing of Hazardous Waste;
- Providing analytical methods for characterizing wastes listed in RCRA,
Section 3001 to enable OSU to document associated toxic chemical hazards;
- Initiating i ntercompari son studies on performance of contract laboratories
providing support for enforcement of Section 3004 of RCRA.
1982 Explanation of Changes fromJanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$8,160,800 $8,019,406 $7,238,600
The net decrease of -$922,200 results from several actions as follows:
- January - March. (-$141,400) This change represented a decrease of
$141,400 from tne^ January budget, of which $39,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $101,600 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in fewer standard reference samples for conducting hazardous
waste analytical tests In the Quality Assurance program and fewer-on-site
HW-20
-------
laboratory evaluations as well as fewer types of intercomparison samples
being available for contractor laboratories.
" Reprogramining. (+$414,100) A reprogramming of +$542,000 from a major
portion of the old municipal program concerned aerial surveillance research
to support spills. These efforts are now closely related to the objectives
of the hazardous waste program.
A second reprogramming reduced this activity by =$326,900. The purpose
of this transfer is to perform chemical analysis of samples collected
during the conduct of transport and fate research. These analyses were
formerly performed in this program and are now all more appropriately per-
formed by the environmental processes and effects program.
A third Agency-wide reprogramming -$1,000 provided resources for transfer
of the accountability function to the Office of Management Systems and
Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional resources for the Immediate
Office the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
(These three reprogrammings totalling +$214,100 were included in a letter to
Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net increase of +$200,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,194,900) A reduction of -$131,900 was taken
against the rtarch estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. This reduction reflects a decision
to postpone research on capillary column applications of gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry methods to monitor hazardous pollutants and to rely on
presently available methods for this fiscal year. This also reflects reduced
contractual support necessary for In-house laboratory efforts.
An additional reduction of -$1,063,000 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($1,023,000) and Research and Development ($40,000) appropriations
to meet Congresssionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$641,800 to Research and Development and an
Increase of +$641,800 to Salaries and Expenses. The Research and Development
decrease reflects a delay in methods of research on evaluation modification
of chemical/biological test procedures used in the monitoring of water and
wastes, and the postponement of modest outputs until 1983. The Salaries
and Expenses increase will support equipment to be used for referee analysis
associated with the Agency's mandatory Quality Assurance program and for
in-house research on improvement of Section 304(h) methodology.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,238,600 and 20.6 permanent
work years to this program, of which $2,966,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 54,272,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, activities continue to focus on providing methods and guidelines
for the Identification of hazardous wastes to establish the level of risk of the
waste and to support the enforcement function which relies heavily on having
scientifically validated and legally defensible data. Efforts underway
include:
- Developing a quality assurance program to support implementation and
enforcement of RCRA regulations;
HU-21
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- Providing standard reference materials and methods;
. Developing quality assurance procedures;
- Conducting equivalency tests;
- Evaluating and improving the "Best Available Methods" for analysis and
sampling of hazardous wastes;
- Developing monitoring guidelines, measurement methods, protocols, and
equipment for specific hazardous waste problems;
- Evaluating and improving advanced analytical techniques;
- Providing support to the Office of Solid Waste in response to specific
hazardous waste situations.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,183,300 and 22.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,521,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,662,100
is for Research and Development, This reflects an increase of $554,700 and a
decrease of $610,000, respectively. The increase is the result of additional
tasks for response to emergency oil and hazardous spills required by Section 311
of the Clean Water Act, and the evaluation of groundwater monitoring systems
required to support hazardous waste permitting and enforcement operations. The
decrease results from completing several special projects required to support
the Office of Solid Waste regulatory development efforts.
The major objective of the 1983 program Is to continue providing new and
improved methods and guidelines for the identification of hazardous wastes to
support regulatory development and Implementation efforts. These efforts are
focused in the following three areas:
Monitoring Methodologies. In this area, research will continue to develop
sampling procedures at hazardous waste operations., chemical procedures for the
analysis of wastes and waste-site samples, and bioindicator tests and ecosystem
survey methods to assess the relative hazard of complex waste mixtures on the
condition of the local environment. Research efforts will also continue to develop
methods and characterize the subsurface and groundwater of waste sites.
Monitoring Guideljnes. An immediate output of developing monitoring methodo-
1 ogies Is the ibilffy to design guidelines for specific applications. Efforts in
this area will continue in developing monitoring guidelines oriented to specific
applications, such as land disposal. Incineration, storage, and site investiga-
tion. These guidelines Identify the data required and the methods, protocols, and
equipment to be used to gather that data. They will also provide step-by-step
guidance for establishing a systematic approach at monitoring the site or operation
in question.
Quality Assurance: The objective of the quality assurance program is to
ensure that data of known quality are being collected to support the Agency's
hazardous waste monitoring efforts. This area supports both the methodology and
guideline efforts previously discussed. Specifically, research efforts in this
area will continue to involve development-of validated and standardized methods
for sampling and analytical methods and Include: development and evaluation of
analytical standards for Instrument calibration; development and evaluation of
reference solutions for evaluation of laboratory performance; validation of
sampling, analytical and biological methods; and the development of equivalency
methods for validated methods.
HW-22
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Other areas include:
- Testing new and improved remote sensing and geophysical techniques for
monitoring and locating visible and buried hazardous waste sites;
- Conducting post-closure monitoring research to develop monitoring guide-
lines for closed hazardous waste disposal facilities;
- Providing equipment and expertise to the National Response Team in support
of oils spills.
HEALTHEFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of £464,900 for this program, of which
590,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $374,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The following outputs ware produced:
- A test system to determine the effects of hazardous wastes on development
of the reproductive system in the neonate was developed and will be vali-
dated In 1982 with actual samples of hazardous wastes, this Is part of
a screening test system to determine the effects of hazardous wastes on
the development of various organ systems In neonates. Upon completion,
this product will be used to support permitting operations.
The following two efforts were completed and will be used for the protection
of workers at both permitted and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites:
- The hemoglobin ad duct assay was developed and will be validated In 1982.
This assay will be useful as a potential dose monitor In humans exposed to
hazardous wastes,
- The hardware and software for the field test battery for use 1n evaluating
behavior performance impairment 1n human populations was developed. Labor-
atory and field tests will establish the reliability of these systems
while collecting a normative data base for measures of human behavior in
1982.
1932 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,242,000 $1,207,100 $1,107,100
The net decrease of -$134,900 results from several actions, as follows:
* January - March. (-$34,900) This change represented a decrease of $34,900
from the January budget, of which $1,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$33,000 was for Research and Development.
- Congressional Actions. (-$100,000) An additional reduction of -$100,000
HU-23
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was applied to the Research and Development appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up ofadecrease of -$70,300 to Research and Development an increase
of +$70,300 to Salaries and Expenses. The Research and Development re-
duction will result in one project being reduced and delaying the expected
completion date. The Salaries and Expenses increase will be used to meet
necessary salaries expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,107,100 and 1.9 permanent
workyears to this program of which $142,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $964,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation
The 1982 Health Effects Research program includes the following activities.
- A screening and identification test system to measure the effect of hazardous
waste on development of the reproductive system in neonatal animals is being
applied to testing of actual hazardous waste mixtures. Research is also
being conducted to develop and validate test systems to determine the effects
of hazardous wastes on development of the renal and cardiovascular systems.
These efforts will support hazardous waste permitting operations.
- Validation of the hemoglobin adduct assay is being accomplished by comparing
the formation of major hemoglobin adducts formed in animals exposed to
hazardous wastes to those observed in human populations for use in risk
assessment.
- Development of a neurological testing system to determine the adverse effects
of exposure to hazardous wastes on human behavior is being completed. A
normative data base is being developed to determine human sensory, cognitive,
and motor performance capabilities.
These latter efforts will provide mechanisms to rapidly identify health
problems in workers at hazardous waste sites. They also will be used during
permitting, compliance monitoring and cleanup operations.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,068,400 and 4.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $376,500 1s for Salaries and Expenses and 5691,900
1s for Research and Development. This reflects an Increase of $234,100 and
a decrease of $272,800, respectively. This net decrease of $38,700 reflects
a shift in emphasis towards more In-house research to validate and Implement
hazardous waste health test systems.
The primary objective of health effects research will be to support permitting
and enforcement activities by validating and implementing short-term test systems
for use 1n evaluating the health effects of exposure to complex hazardous wastes
mixtures. These test systems are state-of-the-art for testing single compounds
but require validation for use on complex mixtures. One of the biggest data gaps
inherent In performing risk assessment; 1n the hazardous waste area is the lack
of standard, validated in vivo and vitro tests which can be reliably used to
assess the hazard potential of complex mixtures 1n a relatively quick and cost-
effective manner. Test systems will be validated in the areas of general toxicity,
mutagenlcity, cardnogenicity, reproduction/tetratology and neurotoxlcity.
In addition, currently available methods 1n population toxicology will
be validated for use In assessing impacts of hazardous wastes on health. Methods
will be validated 1n order to assess the use of sanplable human tissues as an
HW-24
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integrator of important chemical exposures from sites or spills (dose assessment);
and to identify specific biological indicators of both acute and chronic health
effects which can be used to measure the impact of exposure to hazardous substances
in populations (indicators of response). These outputs will be used by OSW in
developing better risk assessment models, particularly in improving extrapolation
models which project human health effects from animal data.
ENGINEERING AMD TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, tt»e Agency used a total of $17,160,300 for this program, of which
52,495,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $14,665,100 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The hazardous waste environmental engineering and technology program 1s
designed to support regulatory development and implementation efforts by genera-
ting the technical data bases necessary for the reduction, elimination and safe
disposal of hazardous wastes. Specific accomplishments for this program are
divided among three areas, all of which support RCRA regulatory development and
implementation efforts.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment. Accomplishments 1n this area Included
the preparation o? right Technical Resource Documents (TRD) and other research
materials to support the Office of Solid Waste regulatory development and
permitting efforts. These documents reflect Best Engineering Judgement (BEJ)
data accumulated over years of research in the areas of landfill ing, land
treatment and surface Impoundment.
Land Treatment. A hazardous waste land treatment manual which summarizes
existing data needed for designing land treatment systems was completed. Informa-
tion was also compiled on proper closure procedures for existing land treatment
sites where adequate records were not maintained. This information is being
used by the Office of Solid Waste In developing regulations.
Incineration. Accomplishments 1n this area Included publication of the
RCRA support document "Engineering Handbook Waste Incineration," as well as a
substantial level of technical assistance to the Office of Solid waste in
developing the final RCRA performance standards for hazardous waste Incinerators.
1982 Expl anation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$18,279,500 $17,647,900 517,094,100
The net decrease of -$1,185,400 results from several actions as follows:
- January - March. (-5631,600) This change represented a decrease of
$631,600 from the January budget, of which $39,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $592,300 was for Research and Development. This decrease
affected activities dealing with the evaluation of field test methods
for response to hazardous waste disposal problems and the development
of remedial action alternatives for hazardous waste disposal sites.
- Reprogramming. (-$68,600) This Agency-wide reprogranroii ng provided re-
sources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office of Manage-
ment Systems and Evaluation and. in addition, provided additional resources
for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. (This reprogramml ng was Included in letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
HW-25
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- Congressional Actions. (-$485,200) An additional reduction of -$485,200
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congresslon-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
" TransferAuthority. (Mo Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up ofa decrease of -$136,000 to Research and Development and an
increase of +$136,000 to Salaries and Expenses.
The transfer of $86,000 will result in no sacrifice to accomplishments
under the Research and Development appropriation. Some activities may have
to be reduced marginally in scope and the time frame for the completion of
others may have to be expanded. The Salaries and Expenses increase will
allow lab program reviews, monitoring of extramural projects, as well as the
conduct of more program evaluation studies.
The transfer of $50,000, will reduce the scope of initial plans by
about 125 for a pilot scale landfill field verification facility to minimize
moisture infiltration and leachate generation. The increase will permit
travel to monitor research contracts, cooperative agreements and interagency
agreements, and fund the printing of project summaries. This also permits
this program element to share in some of the facility costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating total of $17,094,100 and 38.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,511,600 is under the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,582,500 is for extramural purposes under the
Research and Development appropriation.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment. In support of the Office of Solid Waste's
permit program,as mandated under RCRA, eight Technical Resource Documents
are being reviewed using newly developed technical information as well as public
comments. Four additional documents are also being prepared, relative to soil
permeability, leachate characterization, landfill closure, and gas emissions.
The documents will provide the basis for uniform procedures in assessing permit
applications and should result in a reduction in the number of unnecessary appeals.
Technical assistance is being provided to the Office of Solid Waste to issue
revised regulations as required by RCRA.
Land Treatment. Studies are being undertaken to develop Improved techno-
logy for land treatment of hazardous waste. This effort includes studies on
proper site closure techniques as well as the effect of the techniques on soil
characteristics. A pilot-scale study to optimize land treatment technologies
is being Initiated. The data will serve as the basis for land treatment
regulations to be issued by the Office of Solid Waste.
Incineration. In support of development of the Office of Solid Waste's
1 ncineratTon regulations, both laboratory and pilot-scale incineration research
is being conducted. The laboratory activities are designed to obtain a funda-
mental understanding of specific organic compound behavior as a function of
temperature, residence time and other incineration parameters. These efforts
will directly support the pilot-scale research by assessing compatabi 11 ty of
the technology to waste streams, and the verification of destruction conditions.
Pilot-scale research, which is being conducted at the Combustion Research Facility
at Jefferson, Arkansas, Includes an investigation of rotary kiln, liquid injec-
tion, molten salt, fluidized bed and new/emer*gng technologies that may be candi-
dates for hazardous waste disposal options. The program includes an evaluation
of air pollution control system efficiency and development of the required sam-
pling and analysis protocols.
In supporting the EPA Regional Offices and State permit officials, guidance
manuals and engineering handbooks are being developed in concert with the hazardous
HW-26
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waste incineration regulations under RCRA. Engineering assistance will be provid-
ed to the Agency in developing engineering, cost and performance models for a
range of incineration systems. Innovative technologies for treatment, destruction
or recycling of hazardous waste streams will also be evaluated.
In support of the Office of Water Programs, technical support for the at-sea
incineration program is being provided. This includes an analysis of the effec-
tiveness of incineration of chemical wastes on the VULCANUS incineration ship
and the ability of this system to meet the permit requirements established by
the Regional Office.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,933,300 and 59.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,524,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $10,408,400
is for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $2,013,300 and
decrease of $4,174,100 respectively. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects a shift in emphasis towards conducting more in-house research activities.
The decrease in the research and development program represents the elimination
of the fuel extraction program which has reached the engineering stage where the
private sector can assume responsibility for further efforts. The decrease also
results from the completion of several oil spills control technology projects.
The 1983 engineering and technology program is designed to support regulatory
development and implementation efforts at the Federal, State and local level, as
well as regulatory reform efforts, by providing a technology base for reducing
the quantity of hazardous waste through destruction, treatment and disposal
methods in an environmentally safe manner. This information is necessary to
ensure that the regulations promulgated under Section 3004 of RCRA are based
on sound engineering and scientific data to achieve maximum cost-effectiveness
and provide hazardous waste treaters, storers and disposers with the tools
necessary to comply with hazardous waste regulations.
In 1983, research activities in support of RCRA will continue in the major
areas of landfill and surface impoundment, land treatment and Incineration.
The oil spills technology program has also been transferred to this program
in 1983 to consolidate Agency research efforts 1n this area. Specific activities
follow.
Landfi11 and Surface Impoundment. In the area of land disposal, research
to assess and optiiiz₯ the component performance of a secure landfill will be
continued. This research will develop the basic Information for each component
and will provide the input for user manuals which will be prepared to assist
permit writers. Research efforts to provide technical assistance to State and
local governments for the design, construction and operation of secure landfills
will include studies to minimize moisture infiltration and leachate generation,
chemical stabilization of wastes, evaluation of Hner materials for hazardous
waste landfills, and evaluation of techniques for assessing pollutant release
from in-place wastes and contaminated soils.
Land Treatment. Land treatment of hazardous waste 1s a potentially cost
effecfTve~ieans 5F treatment and disposal. Various waste materials will be
evaluated on a pilot plot. Percolation rates, microbiological degradation rates,
soil changes, management techniques, site closure procedures, loading rates,
nutrient balances, metals uptake, "pre-treatment" requirements and monitoring
techniques will be developed and evaluated. .
Incineration. Laboratory and pilot scale incineration studies will be
continued toBelter define the conditions required for the destruction of
hazardous wastes. Development of improved sampling and analysis protocols
and equipment which can be used to routinely test incinerators to ensure
HW-27
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that they maintain their destruction efficiency will be continued. These
protocols wm be verified during pilot-scale test burns and will be modified
for use in full-scale test burns and for compliance monitoring of commercial
facilities. Research will be conducted to develop advanced hazardous waste
treatment technology Including studies on advanced biological conversion pro-
cesses,, supercritical solvents and metals recovery using adopted metallurgical
techniques.
Oil Spills and Emergency Response. Development of equipment and techni-
ques foremergency responses5Hazardous materials spills and evaluation
of techniques for prevention, control and cleanup of spills will be continued.
Evaluation of oil spill technologies and development of techniques for the
restoration and protection of shorelines 1s also continuing. The oil spills
program was previously Included in the Municipal Spills-Energy program and
the hazardous spills program was Included in the Municipal Uastewater program.
EHVIRQNHEUTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $572,600 for this program, of which
$142,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $430,600 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Outputs of the 1981 research program were designed to support regulatory
development and Implementation efforts by providing Information to protect
groundwater from the Improper disposal of hazardous wastes. Major accomplish-
ments were the following:
- A report was prepared describing results of the use of laboratory
techniques, such as microcosms, in estimating the behavior and fate
of selected organic chemicals In sandy soil. The laboratory techni-
ques can be used by the Office of Solid Waste and others to determine
the mobility of specific chemicals Into and through groundwater to
assess actual and potential groundwater pollution problems.
- The biodegradation rates of toluene and chlorobenzene 1n groundwater
were determined. This Information on these two widely used solvents
was needed to assess potential impacts from past disposal practices
Involving these chemicals.
- A national scientific workshop was conducted for the purpose of critically
evaluating a protocol which uses biological testing to assess the relative
environmental risks of various hazardous waste sites.
1982 Explanatlon of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,273,400 $3,163,600 $3,087,600
The net decrease of -$185,800 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-5109,800) This change represented a decrease of
$109,auu from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
This decrease resulted In less emphasis being placed on the development of
techniques for assessing ecological damage and bioenvironmental stress
arising from disposal of hazardous wastes.
- Reprpgramiiing. (+$326,900) This reprogrammlng of $326,900 is to perform
cheRiica"! analysis of samples collected during the conduct of transport and
fate research. These analyses were formerly performed within the monitoring
HH-28
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systems and quality assurance activity. Since this particular requirement
utilizes existing techniques, the work 1s more appropriately performed by
the environmental processes and effects program. (This reprogramming was
included in the letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congresslonal Actions. (-$218,900) An additional reduction of -$218,900
was appliedto the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional-
ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$184,000) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of adecrease of -$214,000 to Research and Development and an
Increase of -4-530,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase to Salaries and
Expenses will permit stronger response to Technical Assistance requests
through additional travel funds; permit the transportation of household goods
needed for filling a vacancy; permit maintenance of several scientific in»-
struments critical to planned work; and purchase laboratory supplies to
keep analytical workloads at planned levels.
The decrease is to an existing Stanford University Hazardous Waste Cooper-
ative Agreement and will not affect the project; the completion date will
be delayed.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,087,600 and 28.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 51,603,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 51,484,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
This program is expanding from addressing only the processes and effects
in the subsurface environment to providing scientific data for assessing the
entire scope of environmental Impacts of hazardous waste disposal. This work,
closely coordinated with research on groundwater, concentrates on predictive
model development and field evaluation of both the models under development
and the method for approximating subsurface mobility (microcosms) developed
in 1981. New activities in ecological effects and environmental assessment
modeling-are expanding on knowledge gained in other research areas such as
water quality and toxic chemicals, and will allow adaptation of these methods
for use in evaluating hazardous waste disposal. Specifically, the expansion
provides for adapting and developing techniques for assessing ecological dam-
age from disposal of hazardous wastes and their entry Into the food chain, re-
lating ecological effects parameters to potential effects on humans, developing
protocols for damage assessment, and determining the relationship of bioassay
techniques to real ecological impacts. Finally, expanded environmental assess-
ment modeling activities "will provide tools for evaluating the relative environ-
mental Impacts of various disposal methods.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,878,100 and 28.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,318,200 is for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,559,900 is for the Research and Development approbation. This reflects
an increase of 1715,000 and $1,075,500, respectively, which will be used to expand
both in-house and extamural efforts in developing subsurface and multimedia
transport and fate models. These models will support permitting of hazardous
waste facilities in a cost-effective manner by providing the Regions and States
with the tools to evaluate and assess, on a site specific basis, the environmental
impacts (air, soil, groundwater) from the disposal of hazardous wastes.
HW-29
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The major thrust of this program in 1983 will be to support the Agency's
regulatory Implementation and reform efforts by expanding the development and
evaluation of transport and fate models to assess the environmental Impact of
hazardous waste disposal in a cost-effective manner. The objective being that
as ecological impacts are estimated more accurately, regulations can be designed
more carefully to gain the most benefit at least cost. These modelling efforts
will enable the Regions and States to:
- improve the state-of-knowledge for determining impacts on groundwater;
- indicate potential health problems through the transport and fate of a
particular waste;
- evaluate the potential for human exposure to mismanaged hazardous wastes
through the food chain;
- adapt methods used in other fields for comparing the impacts of various
disposal options.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines S Policies
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 198Z
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regulations,
Guidelines 8 Policies
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Regulations,
Guidelines I Policies
Solid Waste
.Salaries £ Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Regulationsj
Guidelines (, Policies
Resource Recovery
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control *
Compliance
$5,365.3 $6,134,2 $6,614.9 $6,574.0 $6,559.0 -$15.0
$12,773.7 $20,247.0 $19,666.7 $12,358.3 $17,160.0 $4,801.7
$455.4
$398.0
$378.6
$850.4
$594.1
$453.3
$385.6
$1,133.3
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TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Waste Management
Regulations,
Guidelines 8 Policies
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,199.3 $7,113.9 $6,614.9 $6,574.0 $6,559.0 -$15.0
$14,022.1 $21,833.6 $19,666.7 $12,358.3 $17,160.0 $4,801.7
TOTAL $20,221.4 $28,947.5 $26,281.6 $18,932.3 $23,719,0 $4,786.7
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
Regulations,
Guidelines 8 Policies
Hazardous Waste
Regulations,
Guidelines S Policies
Solid Waste
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
Resource Recovery
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
105.2 112.10 130.5 126.7 116.8 -9.9
11.4 12.8
8.3
8.5
124.9 133.3 130.5 126.7 116.8 -9.9
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Haste Management Regulations, Guidelines 8 Policies
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Regulations,
Guidelines A Policies
Hazardous Waste
Regulations,
Guidelines 8 Policies
Solid Haste
Regulations,
Guidelines 4 Policies
Resource Recovery
TOTAL WORKYEARS
139.7 158.7 180.3 173.2 157.7 -15.5
15.6 17.2
11.3 11.6
166.6 187.5 180.3 173.2 157.7 -15.5
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HAZARDOUS WASTE ' ,|
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,719,000 and 116.8 permanent workyears for
1983, an increase of $4,786,700 and a decrease of 9.9 permananent workyears from
1982. Included in this total is $6,559,000 for Salaries and Expenses and
$17,160,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Salaries and Expenses re-
mains stable from 1982 due to the offsetting effects of a reduction in per-
manent employees and increased payroll costs. The $4,801,700 increase in Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance is due to increased efforts in regulatory review
and economic impact analysis.
Program Description
The Agency's hazardous waste regulatory, guidance and policy-making activi-
ties are carried out under this program element. The solid waste and resource
recovery programs were phased-out in 1981.
Regulations,ji.iSuJjj^i.ncs jnd Policies-Hazardous Waste This program pro-
videsTormanagement SI IRe national Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) Subtitle C hazardous waste program. Included are the promulgation and
refinement of the criteria and regulations for Identification, tracking, manage-
ment and disposal of hazardous wastes. Technical studies, regulatory impact and
economic analyses, and assessments of control options and technologies necessary
for regulatory decision-making are also covered. Activities also Include the
issuance of guidance to the Regions and States for nationally consistent adminis-
tration of the Subtitle C regulations as well as evaluation of implementation
policies.
Regulations. Guidelines and Pglicies-SolidWaste ~ This program provided
for national management of tfie KCEA"SuKt1"t"Te" V program. Activities included
setting guidelines upon which development and approval of comprehensive solid
waste management plans are* based and guidance on implementing the criteria for
classification of sanitary landfills and conducting the Open Dump Inventory.
Regulations. Guidelines and Policies-Re.source Recovery -- This program pro-
vided continued national management and evaluation of the three-year Urban Policy
local resource recovery grant program (1979-1981), development of guidelines
for Federal procurement of products containing recycled materials, evaluation
of industrial and municipal resource recovery technologies, and promotion of
resource recovery as an industrial waste management alternative.
REGUIATIONS, GUIDELINESANDPOLICIES-HAZARDOUS WASTE
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $18,139,000 in this program including $5,365,300
for Salaries and Expenses and $12,773,700 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
In 1981, EPA promulgated Phase II technical standards for storage and
treatment of hazardous wastes in tanks, containers, and piles, and for in-
cinerators. EPA also issued temporary standards for new land disposal fa-
cilities to ensure sufficient national disposal capacity and the Agency pro-
mulgated requirements for financial Instruments to adequately support closure
and post-closure responsibilities of hazardous waste facilities.
During 1981, EPA instituted a general policy of reviewing all existing
regulations and rules under development to ensure that they satisfied the re-
HW-34
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quirements of Executive Order 12291, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, and the
Paperwork Reduction Act, and that the regulations and rules also met the re-
quests of the Vice-President's Task Force on Regulatory Relief. Following
the Phase II RCRA rulemaking, EPA initiated regulatory impact, "degree of
hazard," and paperwork reduction analyses for use in subsequent years in re-
vising the various Phase II regulatory promulgations.
In order to develop an adequate data base to support future §3001 waste
listings or dell stings and §3004 management standards tailored to specific
wastestrearos. the second year of the RCRA industry studies focused on sampling
analyses and development of wastestream-specific profiles of individual product
process lines within the dyes and pigments, pesticides, and organic chemical
industries generating significant amounts of wastes.
EPA provided training to Regional and State hazardous waste program admin-
istrators, particularly permit writers, on the new regulatory promulgations.
EPA also established a Program Implementation Guidance system to provide issue-
specific implementation policy to the EPA Regions and States. The Agency set up
a RCRA Hotline to aid the regulated community 1" understanding and complying
with the new regulations and prepared manuals for initial Interim Authorization
of State programs consistent with the Federal regulatory program.
1982 Explanation of Changes fromJanuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
126,381,200 $26,281,600 $18,932,300
The net decrease -$7,448,900 results from several actions, as follows:
"" January -March. (-51,165,200) This change represented a decrease of
$1,16S,200 from the January budget, of which $249,900 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $915,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. As a
result of the decrease, the industrial waste evaluation program, which
establishes an extensive information base on the generation, composition,
management and ultimate fate of wastes produced by industry, will concen-
trate only on a limited number of sectors In 1982. Additionally, travel,
printing and ADP services in support of the hazardous waste management
program were reduced.
" Restructuring. (+$1,065,600) This Increase reflects the tranfer of re-
sourcesinto this element, as the solid waste and resource recovery func-
tions of the Office of Solid Waste are being phased-out. The 1982 re-
sources for these two programs are minimal and are being consolidated with
existing hazardous waste resources for improved management and a accounta-
bility of all programs.
" Reprograpilng. (-$51,200) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of
-$51,200.
» Congressional Actions. (-$7,298,10d) A reduction of -$5,251,400 was
taken against the March estimate, reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1982, the Agency
is undergoing review and reassessment of Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) permitting regulations and their projected Impact on the regu-
lated community.
An additional reduction of -$2,046,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($589,700) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($1,457,000)
appropriations to meet Congressional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
HW-35
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- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activi- }
ty is made up of a decrease of -5600,000 to Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance and an increase of +$600,000 to Salaries and Expenses. This transfer
will cover the minimal needs for salaries in 1982.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $18,932,300 and 126.7 permanent
worky'ears to this program, of which $6,574,000 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$12,358,300 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation. These resources reflect the consolidation of hazardous
waste, solid waste and resource recovery activities into a single program
el ement.
Extramural funds totalling $2,000,000 support technical studies needed for
development of the §3004 technical standards applicable to existing land dis-
posal facilities. EPA is under a Federal District Court order to promulgate
the remaining Phase 11C technical facility standards under RCRA §3004 in
February 1982. The Agency is continuing to issue minor technical amendments
and clarifications to earlier regulations of Phase I and II of the RCRA pro-
gram, including the definition of solid waste and the hazardous waste mixture
rule.
The Agency is continuing five regulatory Impact analyses (RIAs) of the
Phase II regulations promulgated in 1981-82. The Agency's technical and ana-
lytical staff, with contractor assistance, 1s conducting the data collection,
risk assessment, and market analysis parts of the RIAs. EPA expects to com-
plete the formulation of alternatives, including any non-regulatory choices,
during 1982. EPA also plans to complete calculations of costs and benefits,
impact analyses and selection of the Agency approach for the hazardous waste
storage and financial requirements RIAs.
The Agency will Incorporate the initial findings of "degree of hazard"
analysis, along with the RIAs, In the RCRA regulatory reform. This study is
systematically cataloging risks posed by different management situations, the
costs of controls, and the administrative feasibility of possible control tech-
niques. In 1982, the study is identifying where EPA can make appropriate trade-
offs between technological controls placed on the primary types of waste manage-
ment facilities.
As a part of the paperwork reduction efforts continuing in 1982, EPA will
issue an annual survey to replace the annual report currently required from all
hazardous waste handlers.
In 1982, the Agency will continue to establish a comprehensive data base on
the generation, composition, management, and ultimate fate of wastestreams pro-
duced by the dyes and pigments, pesticides, and organic chemicals industries.
As part of the RCRA industry studies, the Agency will analyze 70 pesticide
process product lines, 12-15 dyes and pigments lines* and 30 organic chemical
process product lines before the end of 1982.
EPA is giving considerable attention to providing guidance to Regions and
States on RCRA implementation policies and requirements, particularly for In-
terim Authorization of State programs for;the three components of Phase II.
Permit Assistance Teams will provide technical and procedural assistance
for development of Individual facility permits, based on the §3004 technical
standards and EPA's consolidated permits policy and procedures.
The Agency 1s concluding solid waste and resource recovery activities under
Subtitle D of RCRA in 1982.. The Agency will publish the second Open Dump Inven-
tory, approve the State Solid Waste Management Plans pending before EPA, and
HW-36
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issue the final management guidance to communities awarded Local Resource Recov-
ery Grants between 1979-1981.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,719,000 and 116.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,559,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $17,160,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
There is substantially no change in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation from
1982 due to the offsetting effects of a reduction of 9.9 permanent workyears and
increased payroll costs. The $4,801,700 increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance is due to increased efforts in regulatory reform including risk miti-
gation studies and regulatory impact analyses.
During 1983, the Agency will amend all of the basic §3004 technical facility
standards promulgated in 1981 and 1982 in preparation for Issuance 1n final
form. The Agency will complete in-depth regulatory reviews performed in 1982
and will use these results along with pertinent results from the ongoing "degree
of hazard" analysis of management options in order to provide the basis for de-
veloping major modifications. The Agency will re-propose the final regulations
in 1983. Though publication of most of the final rules will not occur until
early 1984, this year will conclude EPA's development of the core RCRA Phase I
and II regulatory program.
The program will then turn its technical and regulatory Impact analysis
efforts to producing §3004 management standards tailored to individual wastes or
industries. This new regulatory approach will replace or reduce the general
regulatory coverage established by the core RCRA regulations over selected In-
dustrial wastestreams. Data generated through the RCRA industry studies and
the "degree of hazard" cost/risk/controls feasibility analysis will allow
detailed structuring of tailored §3004 management standards.
The Agency will prepare guidance for use by the States and Regions in imple-
menting the Phase II regulations, as amended. It will evaluate progress and
trends in the national RCRA program, particularly assumption of program respon-
sibilities by States, and Issue improved guidance documents accordingly. EPA
will prepare guidance for final authorization of State hazardous waste pro-
grams, and ready the orientation to the final regulations and permit training
for delivery 1n 1984. It will also provide expert advice on development of
difficult individual permits through Permit Assistance Teams.
The Agency plans to continue field evaluation of the RCRA Implementation
burden and revising paperwork requirements on facilities accordingly. In this
effort, EPA Is paying particular attention to groundwater monitoring require-
ments in the Phase II regulations.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES AMD jpUCIESi-SOLIOASTE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981. the Agency obligated $853,400 for this program including $455,400
for Salaries and Expenses and $398,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The Headquarters program concentrated on national management of the Open
Dump Inventory and publication of the first installment of the Inventory.
States evaluated the accuracy of this data prior to publication of the Inven-
tory in 1981. EPA promulgated a proposed modification to the public partici-
pation requirement for State planning guidelines to provide more Input to
owners and operators of facilities. The Agency provided comprehensive guidance
on implementation as it approved States' plans in 1981.
HW-37
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The Agency developed regulations concerning the distribution and marketing
of sewage sludge products under §405 of the Clean Water Act in 1981. The objec-
tive is to protect the public from toxic substances and pathogens that may be
present in some sludges and to encourage resource recovery through the bene-
ficial use of sludge as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. EPA initiated a
sludge characterization study to supply information for use 1n the development
of further sludge management regulations. The Agency also Issued refinements
to the §4004 Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities in
regard to cadmium accumulation.
In 1981, the solid waste activities were phased out. EPA is funding the
publication of the second Open Dump Inventory in 1982 through the Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies program element.
REGULATIOHS, GUIDELINES AMD POLICIES-RESOURCE RECOVERY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $1,229,000 for this program, including
$378,600 for Salaries and Expenses and $850,400 for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance.
Headquarters provided oversight and evaluation of ongoing Regional manage-
ment of the Urban Policy grant program to help selected local governments com-
plete their feasibility studies and procurement and ore-implementation activi-
ties for resource conservation and recovery projects. This included providing
assistance to the Regions in refining project work plans for the final phase
and evaluating the progress of second phase projects. Even though 1981 was
the last year the grants were funded, EPA will continue to manage the final
phases of the projects.
EPA proposed initial Federal procurement guidelines for fly ash as a cement
supplement under RCRA §6002.
In 198.1, the Resource Recovery activities were phased out. The Agency
supported the issuance of final management guidance and associated grant close-
out activities under the Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and
Policies program.
HW-38
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS»
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Solid Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control I
Compliance
Resource Recovery
Local Financial
Assistance
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$26,736.1 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $35,136.6 -$6,563.4
$8,252.3 $6,000.0
$4,684.0 $6,600,0
$39,672.4 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $35,136.6 -$6,563.4
Financial Assistance TOTAL $39,672,4 $54,300.0 $41,700.0 $41,700.0 $35,136.6 -$6,563.4
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
TOTAL WORKYEARS
90.0
90.0
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of S35,136,600 for this subactivity in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for 1983, This is a decrease
of 56,563,400 from 1982. The" decrease reflects the increasing ability of the
States to fund their maturing hazardous waste programs.
Program Description
This subactivity provides financial assistance to State governments for
developing and implementing hazardous waste management programs under Subtitle
C of RCRA. Under this subactivity, the Agency provided financial assistance
to States for solid waste management programs and to local government grantees
for resource and energy recovery projects consistent with §4002(a)(2) of RCRA.
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States This program
provides financialassistancetoStatesto"develop, implement, and enforce
programs to monitor and control hazardous wastes from "cradle to grave" including
generation, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal. States awarded
grants must either be operating a "substantially equivalent" hazardous waste
program under Interim Authorization, or working toward Interim Authorization
through a Cooperative Arrangement. State grant targets are allocated on a
formula basis that account for a State's population, area, number of hazardous
waste generators, and the amount of hazardous waste. The grant amount is nego-
tiated based on the target and the portion of the Federal RCRA program the State
is operating.
Solid Waste Management Financial Assistance toj»$ates_ Through 1981 this
program provided grants to State sol id waste raanageieril; agencies .under Subtitle
D of RCRA. The Agency awarded grants on the basis of State population. The
grants supported State solid waste activities under RCRA Including the invert
tory of all solid waste land disposal sites, completion of State solid waste
management plans, and implementation of State regulatory programs for the
management of non-hazardous waste.
Resource Recovery Local Financial Assistance As part of the three-year
UrbanPolicy Program initiatedin19/9,thisprogram provides assistance to 61
grantees undertaking projects leading to implementation of resource and energy
recovery systems in their communities. This program received funding through
1981.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $26,736,100 for this program under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The grant funds supported
continued development by the States of substantially equivalent legislation and
regulations required for Interim Authorization of the States hazardous waste
programs, implementation of Interim Authorized (IA) programs, and operation of
delegable aspects of the federal program (manifest, compliance monitoring, per-
mit evaluation) through Cooperative Arrangements (CA). To achieve Interim
Authorization, the States must develop legislation and regulations that regulate
the same wastes, manage the same aspects of hazardous waste operations (genera-
tion, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal), and provide substan-
tially eouivalent protection to human health and the environment as the Federal
program. In 1981, States were eligible to apply for Interim Authorization for
HW-41
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Phase I - generator, transporter, and Interim status standards; Phase IIA - per*
mitting of tanks, containers, and piles; and Phase IIB - permitting of inciner-
ators.
Basic guidelines for receiving Interim Authorization require: legislative
authority adequate for the State to carry out its responsibility for that phase;
regulations in effect necessary to implement the requirements of that phase; con-
trol over a substantial majority of hazardous wastes generated, transported, treat-
ed, stored and disposed of in the State; capacity to inspect, monitor, and require
recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring in order to determine compliance with the
requirements of that phase; enforcement capabilities adequate to ensure compli-
ance with the requirements of that phase; and adequate resources to administer
and enforce the requirements of that phase. In 1981, 27 States received Phase I
Interim Authorization.
Grant funds also support State operation of aspects of the Federal program
in Cooperative Arrangement States. States negotiate with Regions the tasks the
State will undertake while it works toward Interim Authorization. After final
negotiation of grants, both for Interim Authorized and Cooperative Arrangement
aspects of the State program, funds which the State cannot expend are used by
the Region to provide contractor support for implementation of the Federal hazard-
ous waste program.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSilSTANCE_ JO^ SJATJS
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$41,700,000 $41,700,000 $41,700,000
There is no change to this program activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $41,700,000 for State financial assist-
ance under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. States are
using these funds to continue working toward Interim Authorization of their
Phase I and Phase II hazardous waste programs, and to continue operating the
Federal program for unauthorized phases through Cooperative Arrangements. EPA
anticipates that 34 States will have received at least Phase I Interim Author-
ization by the end of 1982, of which 7 will also receive Phase II author-
ization.
In 1982, States authorized for Phase I operate the manifest system includ-
ing tracking of wastes, processing discrepancy/exception reports, and alerting
proper authorities regarding lost or delayed shipments of waste. They also
ensure generator and facility compliance with Interim status standards. Un-
authorized States operate aspects of the Phase I Federal program based on Region/
State negotiations. The States, through Interim Authorization and Cooperative
Arrangements, are also undertaking various tasks of permitting facilities under
Phase II. Cooperative Agreement (CA) States may be involved in the technical
evaluation of permits. Interim Authorized (IA) States are responsible for all
aspects of the authorized program.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $35,136,600 for this program in the Abate<-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a decrease of $6,563,400
1n hazardous waste grants to States which reflects the Increasing ability of
the States to fund their maturing hazardous waste programs.
HW-42
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In 1983, the States will use their Federal grant funds to continue to de-
velop remaining legislation and regulations to be substantially equivalent to
RCRA, and to apply for Interim Authorization for all available phases of the
waste program. Since all regulations are expected to be effective 1n 1983,
States may also be applying for final authorization of their program. Final
authorization requires equivalency with the Federal program.
In addition to CA/IA State operation of the Phase I program, the States
will be focusing resources on permitting facilities In 1983 based on broad EPA
guidelines regarding priority facilities. Priority facilities for permitting
should include new and expanding facilities, and those facilities with the
greatest potential for causing severe environmental and public health problems.
CA States will be eligible, based on Region/State negotiations, to technically
evaluate permit applications. Phase II Interim Authorized States will be
responsible for all components of the program: permit evaluation, draft permit
writing, public hearings and appeal procedures, and final permit issuance. In
1983, EPA anticipates at least 11 States will be Phase II authorized.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TOSTATES
1981 Accomplishments
The 1981 resources obligated for solid waste financial assistance were
$8,252,300 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The grant
funds continued to support management of the land disposal site inventory. EPA
identified and evaluated the highest priority sites first, which is consistent
with the strategy developed In previous years. The States continued to oversee
the closing, upgrading, and opening of land disposal sites within their juris-
diction. This State activity continued to be the primary use of Subtitle D
grant funds.
The States completed their solid waste management plans and submitted them
to EPA for review and approval. The States implemented the approved plans using
their established legislative authority and regulatory powers. The States con-
tinued to identify and implement alternative funding strategies to assure an
adequate and self-supporting solid waste management program in the future.
EPA requested no resources for this program 1n 1982. The Agency operated
this program under a planned phase-out of State grants in order to transfer to
the States the responsibility for administration and funding of their RCRA solid
waste programs.
RESOURCE RECOVERYLOCALFIMANCIAL ASSISTANCE
1981 Accomplishments
The 1981 resources obligated for Resource Recovery Local Financial Assist-
ance were $4,684,000 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The grant funds provided support for the completion of feasibility studies,
procurement planning, and project development activities to improve the proba-
bility of successful implementation of resource and energy recovery systems
by participating communities.
Several projects 1n the resource recbvery grant program were Implemented
in 1981, including completing the procurement planning stage and moving towards
the selling of bonds to finance the actual procurement of the system.
EPA requested no resources for this program in 1982. The program, which
EPA initiated In 1979, was a three-year program designed to stimulate local level
resource recovery. Since EPA fulfilled these initial commitments, EPA requires no
additional Federal funding to assure the successful implementation of the re-
source recovery projects by the communities.
HW-43
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1903 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Haste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Solid Waste
Management Program
Implementation
Salaries 1 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
$5,912.3 $7,753,6 $7,693.5 $7,135.6 $11,382.9 $4,247.3
$7,411,1 $2,958.1 $2,958.1 $2,093.7 $1,629.5 -$464.2
$1,062.1
$872.6
$15,0
$60.0
$50.1
-$50,1
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses
Abatement Control X
Compliance
Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL
$6,974.4 $8,626.2 $7,753.5 $7,185,7 $11,382.9 $4,197.2
$7,411.1 $2,973.1 $2,958.1 $2,093.7 $1,629.5 -$464,2
$14,385.5 $11,599.3 $10,711.6 $9,279.4 $13,012.4 $3,733.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Solid Waste
Management Program
Implementation
TOTAL PEWANEHT WORKYEARS
176.6 195.4 195.4 190.1 264.1 74.0
27.8 24.7
2.0
1.6
-1.6
204.4 220.1 197,4 191.7 264.1 72.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Solid Waste
Management Program
Implementation
219.9 243.3 243.3 235.4 342.3 106.9
31,2 28.3
2.0
1.6
-1.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
251.1 271.6 245.3 237.0 342.3 105.3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,012,400 and 264.1 permanent workyears
for 1983, an Increase of $3,733,000 and 72.4 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included in this total is 511,382,900 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,629,500
for Abatement, Control and Compliance with an increase of $4,247,300 and a
decrease of $464,200 respectively. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
results from the incorporation of the Regional component of Hazardous Waste
Permit Issuance, formerly a discrete budget program element, into this subac-
tivity. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the downward
adjustment in the total number of facilities to be permitted.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the hazardous waste Implementation program which
incorporates the Regional activities necessary to oversee, and operate when
required, the RCRA-mandated hazardous waste program. Also included, through
1982, is the solid waste program which involves Regional activities that enable
States to implement Subtitle D programs.
Hazardous Wa^te Managemen^Reg^ Implementation This pro-
gram incor^rates^the Segionai^activTtiesT necessary to provide guidance to auth-
orized States, and to operate the RCRA mandated hazardous waste program in
unauthorized States. Under Subtitle C of RCRA, Regions assist States in develop-
ing substantially equivalent hazardous waste management programs to qualify
for Interim Authorization, and fully equivalent programs to qualify for final
authorization when available. Regional responsibility includes operation of a
Federal program for any program phases, including major technical evaluation
of facility permits, for which States have not received authorization, and
providing review and guidance to States operating either authorized programs or
delegated aspects of the Federal program. State programs are authorized in
phases: Phase I-manifest and Interim status standards; Phase IIA-permitting
tanks, containers and piles; Phase I IB-permitting incinerators; and, Phase
lie-permitting land disposal facilities and surface impoundments.
Solid Waste Management Program Implementation Solid Waste Management Pro-
gram Implementation includes Regional activities that increase the ability of
States to implement solid waste management programs under Subtitle 0 of RCRA.
Until full assumption by the States in 1982 of Subtitle D programs, the Regions
oversee State procedures for conducting the Solid Waste disposal site inventory
as required under Subtitle D of RCRA. The Regions also assist States In develop-
ing their comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plans and in developing and
implementing the non-hazardous waste regulatory program. Furthermore, the Regions
manage the Urban Policy Resource Recovery grants within their Region and negotiate
grant-funded solid waste activities with the States.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1981 Accomplishments ;
In 1981, the Agency obligated $13,323,400 for this program, including
$5,912,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $7,411,100 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance.
EPA Regions assisted the States to develop and implement hazardous waste
programs, including legislative authority, regulatory powers, and program strat-
HU-46
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figy* to qualify them as eligible for Phase I Interim Authorization. As of 1981,
27 States had received Phase I Interim Authorization from EPA.
In 1981, EPA personnel were responsible for the negotiation and award of
State hazardous waste grants/Cooperative Arrangements and provided guidance to
States operating RCRA programs under these grants. Through Cooperative Arrange-
ments, unauthorized States receive funds to operate delegable aspects of the
program as EPA's agent while the State works toward Interim Authorization. The
Agency used unobligated State grant funds to defray the costs of operating a
Federal program in unauthorized and/or non-participating States. These funds
supplemented the Regions' contractor support funds.
In 1981, the Regions established a data base of hazardous waste facility
Part A permit applications. EPA Regions entered seventy percent of the 10,958
bonafide Part A applications (facilities' initial application for a RCRA hazard-
ous waste permit) into the system.
In the 29 States without Interim Authorization, the Regions were respon-
sible for the Phase I and II programs including manifest, interim status and
permitting. In 1981, EPA permitting activities in unauthorized States focused
on ranking facilities' Part A applications and evaluating complete applications
submitted voluntarily by hazardous waste facilities. EPA trained State and
Regional personnel on the development of technical conditions for permits.
EPA Regions operated the activities not delegated to the State through the
grant/Cooperative Arrangement negotiations.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Esjimate Estimate Estimate
$10,711,700 $10,651,600 $9,229,300
The net decrease of -$1,482,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$60,100) This change represented a decrease of $60,100
from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
- Reprogrammlng. {-$184,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$184,000.
- Congressional Actions. {-$1,299,900) A reduction of -$868,800 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12? reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. EPA and State personnel
will assume the responsibility for doing Inspections on generators and trans-
porters.
An additional reduction of -$431,100 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- TranSfer Authorl ty. (+$61,600) The net increase applied to this activity
Includes an increase of +$61,600 to Salaries and Expenses to fund necessary
operating expenses. <,
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,229,300 and 190.1 permanent
workyears to the program, of which $7,135,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
52,093,700 Is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
HW-47
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In 1982, the Regions are completing the entering of Part A permit applica-
tion data into the data system and are beginning to call for Part B applications.
Part B applications are a facility's submission of a final application including
site specific technical data upon which the Region/State evaluates the permit.
The Part B applications are called based on the permit strategy of ensuring
adequate treatment and disposal capacity and the protection of public health and
the environment. New facilities are being called in first, followed by: those
facilities which pose imminent threat to public health or the environment, facil-
ities with potential for consolidation of their RCRA and NPDES permits, and then
all other facilities.
The Regions are also negotiating, awarding, and administering grants and
Cooperative Arrangements based on the individual State's authorization status
and acceptance of delegable activities. The Regions operate any manifest and
technical evaluation of permit applications activities not delegated to Coopera-
tive Arrangement States. The Regions use the amount of grant funds unauthorized
States are unable to accept due to their staff and program limitations to pro-
vide contractor support to help operate the Federal program.
In 1962, the Regions are concentrating on assisting States achieve various
phases of authorization. States are eligible for Phase I and II during 1982.
Regions are assisting States to develop application packages, develop and
strengthen their programs, and ensure that all Interim Authorized programs meet
"substantial equivalence" requirements. By the end of 1982, the Regions antici-
pate that 34 States will have achieved at least Phase I Interim Authorization,
with 7 receiving Phase II authorization.
In authorized States in 1982, the Regions are responsible for providing
guidance and assistance to the States as they operate their authorized programs
and work toward subsequent phases of authorization including final authoriza-
tion. Regional assistance activities include: technical guidance to States
and to facilities regarding operation of the manifest system and handling of
exception/discrepancy reports, monitoring the status of State programs, and
identifying and resolving implementation problems.
In unauthorized States, the Regions are conducting the Federal program
including Phase I activities of manifest and interim status, and the Phase II
activity of permit evaluation. The foci of permit activities in 1982 are new
and existing tank, container, and pile facilities to ensure new capacity is
available in a timely manner; and facilities with potential to cause severe
environmental and public health problems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,012,400 and 264.1 permanent workyears for
this program of which $11,382,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,629,500 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
Is an increase of $4,247,300 and a decrease of $464,200 respectively. The
Salaries and Expenses Increase reflects increased payroll costs and the incor-
poration of Regional resources from the formerly discrete program element, Hazard-
ous Waste Permit Issuance. The decrease reflects the downward adjustment in the
total number of facilities to be permitted.
In 1983, the Regions will negotiate the State hazardous waste grants with
Interim Authorized and Cooperative Arrangement States. Cooperative Arrangement
(CA) States will act as EPA's agent for delegable aspects of the Federal hazard-
ous waste program. The Regions will operate those aspects of the program the
States have not assumed. Emphasis will be on technically evaluating and issuing
HW-48
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hazardous waste facility permits. During grant negotiations, the Regions and CA
States negotiate the division of responsibilities and funding for delegable
activities. The Regions will use grant funds which the States are unable to
expend to provide RCRA permitting assistance through contract support.
In 1933, the Regions will assist States with unauthorized programs to de-
velop programs eligible for Interim Authorisation, and to upgrade programs in
order to achieve final authorization. In those States with phases of the program
not Interim Authorized, the Regions will Operate the federal program through
Cooperative Arranqement to ensure active State participation.
The Regions will continue to provide assistance and guidance to Interim
Authorized States. In 1983, the States will be operating under various phases
of authorization ranging from Phase I only to a combination of Phase I, three
components of Phase II, and possibly final authorization. Phase I and II Interim
Authorization must meet "substantial equivalence" requirements. Final author-
ization requires an equivalent program. We anticipate that 39 States will be at
least Phase I Interim Authorized, with li receiving Phase II authorization.
Permitting of facilities will continue to be a critical activity in 1983.
Activities Include permit evaluation, preparing the draft permit, public hearing
and appeals oroceedings, and issuing the final facility permit. Target facilit-
ies will be new or expanding facilities and facilities posing severe threat to
the environment or public health following RCRA permit priorities and proce-
dures guidance. In 1983, the Regions will technically evaluate and issue an an-
ticipated 1,020 permits in unauthorized States. Cooperative Arrangement States
will participate in permit evaluation.
Contractor support 1s available to provide the Regions additional tech-
nical expertise to evaluate the hazardous waste facilities. These Abatement,
Control and Comollance resources allow for in-depth technical review of permit
applications, individual evaluation of facilities and other permit assistance
to the Regions in operating the permit program in unauthorized States.
SOL ID HASTE MANAGEMENT; PJOGR AM IHPLENEHTATI ON
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 51,062,100 for this program under the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. The Regions continued to negotiate, award, and ad-
minister the State solid waste grants, and coordinated the solid waste portion
of the annual State/EPA agreements with other participating programs.
In consideration of the phase-out of Federal Subtitle D financial assist-
ance, the Regions continued to assist the States in establishing and implement-
ing adequate and self-supporting non-hazardous waste programs. Regional activi-
ties included: assisting States to complete their solid waste management
plan for submission to EPA; review and approval of the plans; and advising
States on legislation and implementation of required regulations. The Regions
also assisted the States in Investigating alternative funding strategies to
support the State solid waste management program.
The management of the land disposal site inventory continued in 1981. The
inventory identifies and evaluates sites of. highest priority and oversees the
closings, openings, and upgrading? of sites. The Regions coordinated the Inven-
tory information with EPA Headquarters for inclusion in the annual national
inventory of land disposal sites.
The Regions continued to manage and provide support to local resource re-
covery grantees as they completed their feasibility studies and moved into
Phase II orocurement planning and Phase III procurement of their .systems.
HU-49
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $50,100 and 1.6 permanent work-
years to this program for Salaries and Expenses.
As the State Solid Waste Management Plans submitted in 1981 are approved,
the Regions are providing limited guidance to the States to implement the Plans.
Due to effective Regional and State coordination during the development of the
Plans, only minimal EPA management at the onset of Plan implementation is re-
quired. The Agency is phasing out this program in 1982.
HW-50
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 19B2
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
a:
x:
i
01
Technology Information
Devel opment
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Del Ivery-Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl 1 a nee
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Delivery-Regions
Salaries & Expenses
$793.6 $1,278.9
$480.4 $600.0
$100,2 $233.9
$3,097,8 $4,393.8
$378.6
$416.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$1,272.4 $1,929.4
$3,578.2 $4,993.8
Technical Assistance TOTAL
$4,850,6 $6,923.2
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Technology
Information
Development
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Del 1 very-Headqua rters
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Delivery-Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
8.6
2.5
10.7
21.8
10,5
3.5
13.0
27.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technology
Information
Development
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Del I very-Headqua rters
15.9
2.6
16.2
3.5
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
Solid Waste
Technology Assistance
Del 1 very-Regl ons
TOTAL WORK YEARS
12.8
31.3
14.5
34.2
tn
OJ
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
Budget Request
No resources are requested for this subactivity. Consistent with the mini-
mal Federal role in guidance and support for State and local solid waste and
resource recovery activities and the increased responsibility of States for
Subtitle D implementation, technical assistance in these areas was not neces-
sary after 1981.
Program Description
This subactivity enabled EPA to provide State and local governments, as
well as Federal agencies, with comprehensive technical assistance on hazardous
and solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery. EPA was also
able to manage a participatory public education and information program, and
develop and provide technical information concerning implementation of RCRA
regulations, policies and programs. §2006(b) of RCRA authorizes EPA to estab-
lish Technical Assistance Panels for the purpose of providing assistance to
States, local governments, and Federal agencies upon request.
Technical Information Development This program managed hearings, meet-
ings and other public participationactivities under §70Q4(b) in the develop-
ment of all regulations, guidelines and programs under RCRA. The Agency manag-
ed RCRA orientation courses for Federal and State employees. EPA also managed
a participatory public education and information program on solid and hazard-
ous waste management technical issues, and prepared, published, and disseminat-
ed reports to Congress and the President. Other publications were also pre-
pared, as authorized by RCRA §2005 and Subtitle H.
Sol id Waste TechnologyAssi stance Delivery> Headquarters This program
provided nationalprogram management includingE?A Headquarters' establishment
of Regional level-of-effort contracts for technical assistance and management of
an evaluation reporting system of technical assistance. Administration and
monitoring of peer matching technical assistance grants is also included.
Soli d Waste Technology Assi stance Deli very - Reglona1 Offi ces -- This pro-
gram "provT3e3~legTonal management o? IHe technical assistance panels program
for State and local governments and delivered technical assistance by Regional
personnel.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $1,274,000 for this program, including
3793,600 for Salaries and Expenses and 5480,400 for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance, the extramural funds provided support for public interest groups par-*
ticipating in the Waste Alert i program.
The public education program, Waste Alert!t continued into its final year.
Maste Alert! conferences began forming coalitions to serve as a corps to help
.citizens at the local level understand solid waste management projects and
issues, such as treatment, storage and disposal facilities siting, resource
recovery, and the problems of abandoned waste sites. Citizens in all 56 States
and Territories will ultimately be involved in shaping national, State, and
local programs and policies concerning waste management.
HW-54
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1982 Program
The requirements of ttris program were completed in 1981.
SOLID WASTE TECHNOLOGY ASSISTANCE DELIVERY - HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,198,000 for this program, including
$100,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,097,800 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. The funds provided expert contractors across the country as Techni-
cal Assistance Panels. National management included negotiating, awarding and
monitoring consultant contracts and public interest group peer matching grants;
conducting, reporting and recordkeeping activities; and evaluating the overall
program to enable EPA to ascertain the effectiveness and responsiveness of the
technical assistance provided.
1982 Program
The requirements of this program were completed in 1981.
SOLIDCHASTE TECHNOLOGY ASSISTANCE DELIVERY - REGIONS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 3378,600 for this program in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The resources enabled EPA Regions to continue coordi-
nating and administering the delivery of technical assistance through the RCRA
Technical Assistance Panels program. This included receiving and responding to
minor technical assistance inquiries, reviewing and evaluating requests for
assistance, selecting modes of assistance and developing workscopes. The Agency
continued to provide technical assistance through contractor, peer matching
and EPA Regional personnel.
The Regions used Senior Environmental Employees in 1981. They visited
client communities, attended meetings, monitored on-going projects, and super-
vised and coordinated with consultant contractors.
1982 Program
The requirements of this program were completed in 1981.
HH-55
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Uncontrolled
Hazardous Haste Sites
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
$3,069.9
$19,505.3
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $3,069.9
Abatement Control 4 $19,505,3
Compliance
Uncontrolled Hazardous TOTAL $22,575,2
Waste Sites
PERMANENT FULL-TI( MDRKYEARS
Uncontrolled
Hazardous Uaste Sites
TOTAL PERMANENT WORRYEARS
44.0
44.0
-------
c
r
ui
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous Haste Sites
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 'DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKVEARS
Uncontrolled 56.0
Hazardous Waste Sites
TOTAL WORKVEARS 56.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds in 1983 for this budget activity. In 1982,
activities previously funded under this budget activity are being funded under
the appropriation for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund created by the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.
P rpgram Descrlpti on
This activity was an interim program to address hazardous substance release
problems in a limited way before passage of "Superfund".
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites This program addressed the worst known
problems associates with uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The interim strate-
gy encompassed site discovery actions, investigations to determine the most
serious sites, emergency assistance at those sites eligible under S311 of the
Clean Water Act of 1977, and development of enforcement actions under the provi-
sions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund is now providing the necessary funding and authority
to intensify efforts to undertake engineering planning and design studies for
containment measures.
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $22,575,200 in this program, Including
$3,069,900 for Salaries and Expenses and $19,505,300 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance.
EPA used contract funding to provide major technical assistance and support
for its efforts. Investigation contracts provided the Regions with field per-
sonnel in order to conduct 1,060 preliminary assessments, 700 site inspections,
13 full field investigations and 6 general design studies. These resources
also assisted with enforcement case preparation, provided chemical analyses in
support of site Investigations and design plans, and provided engineering studies
for remedial actions,
1982 Program
In 1982, this program is funded under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund.
HW-58
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl1ance
Hazardous Haste
Enforcement
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl 1 ance
Uncontrolled
Hazardous Waste Sites
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Conpl 1 ance
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
$3,226,3 $4,981.2 $4,004.7 $3,775.1
$23.4 $24.7 $24.7
-$3,775.1
TOTAL
$2,596.4 $4,136.5 $4,616.4 $3,724.1 $1,896.5 -$1,827.6
$472.3 $455.2 $455.2 $328.9 -$328.9
$3,627.5
$1,445.4
$9,450.2 $9,117.7 $8,621.1 $7,499.2 $1,896.5 -$5,602.7
$1,941.1 $479.9 $479.9 $328.9 -$328.9
$11,391.3 $9,597.6 $9,101.0 $7,828.1 $1,896.5 -$5,931.6
-------
Uncontrolled
Hazardous Waste Sites
TOTAL WORKYEARS
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Haste Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Penult Issuance
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Uncontrol led
Hazardous Waste Sites
TOTAL PERHANENT WORkYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Permit Issuance
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
95.6 134.8 1D9.3 102. 2 -102. Z
75.6 92.9 103.7 86.3 46.1 -40.2
89.8
261.0 227.7 213.0 188.5 46.1 -142.4
125.9 189.4 163.9 152.0 -152.0
79,8 108.7 122.5 103.1 Si. 4 -51.7
105.6
311.3 298.1 286.4 255.1
51.4 -203.7
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,896,500 and 46.1 workyears for this pro-
gram in the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This represents decreases of
142.4 workyears, $5,602,700 In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$328.900 in the Abatement. Control and Compliance appropriation. This change
results from the transfer of legal activities to the Office of Legal and Enforce-
ment Counsel and the consolidation of permit resources.
Program Description
This subactivity serves to ensure compliance with RCRA requirements through
enforcement of Phase I and Phase II hazardous waste regulations.
Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance This program is part of the comprehen-
sive effort required ByRCRA to manage hazardous waste. The Act prohibits
treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous waste except 1n accordance with an
EPA or approved State issued permit. RCRA permits provide a mechanism for con-
trolling hazardous waste by imposing performance standards on treatment, stor-
age, and disposal facilities. These standards, set by the hazardous waste
management program, will ensure that hazardous waste is managed according to
environmentally acceptable practices.
Development of adequate State hazardous waste permit programs Is another
significant aspect of the permit Issuance program. RCRA places great emphasis
on approving State programs, encouraging them to issue permits with either temp-
orary Interim Authorization, or Full Authorization if they meet RCRA's require-
ments. EPA's success In authorizing State programs will affect the volume of
permitting done by the Agency.
As part of Its continuing efforts to improve the regulatory process, EPA
is consolidating hazardous waste permit Issuance procedures with four other
permit programs: the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES),
the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, the Dredge and Fill program,
and the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program. Coordination
and consolidation of the permitting process will benefit both the public and
the Agency by reducing delay and simplifying permitting procedures.
In 1983, Regional Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance program resources were
combined with the Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementa-
tion program. Headquarters Permit Issuance resources were folded into the
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies program.
Hazardous Waste Enforcement This program is responsible for the develop-
ment of an overall enforcement strategy, and the Implementation of a monitoring
program designed to ensure compliance with RCRA Subtitle C regulations, Includ-
ing permit conditions. EPA has also developed procedures for routine Inspection
and sampling of facilities which generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of
hazardous waste. The Agency 1s developing guidance which establishes standards
of evidence needed to support enforcement actions 1n cases of interim status
standards violations and permit violations. RCRA enforcement will also be
responsible for developing guidance governing the issuance of compliance orders
and hearings conducted to either assess administrative penalties and/or suspend
or revoke permits.
The objective of this program in 1983 is to ensure compliance with the
hazardous waste regulations required by Subtitle C of RCRA. Achievement of this
objective involves: (1) ensuring the technical enforceabi11 ty of regulations
HW-61
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developed pursuant to Subtitle C; (2) ascertaining the equivalency and effect-
iveness of State hazardous waste enforcement programs developed pursuant to
RCRA; (3) conducting RCRA compliance evaluations and compliance sampling inspec-
tions; and (4) reviewing selected Federal and State permits for technical con-
sistency with enforcement policies.
The technical enforcement program participates in the development and issu-
ance of: (1) §3008 compliance orders in response to non-compliance with RCRA
hazardous waste regulations; (2) §3007 "information gathering" letters to deter-
nine status of particular regulated firms; (3) §3013 compliance orders to require
responsible parties to assess conditions at a site or facility; and (4) §7003
"imminent hazard" administrative orders to induce responsible parties to clean
up hazardous waste problems at their own expense.
In addition, the technical enforcement program is responsible for the re-
view of "self-reporting" documents from the regulated community and coordina-
tion with Superfund program personnel in the determination of appropriate
remedies.
The hazardous waste enforcement program will assist the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel (QLEC) in the development of civil and criminal referrals as
warranted.
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Through 1981, this program dealt with
the identification and follow-uo enforcement activity associated with abandoned,
inactive, or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The program implemented auth-
ority under §7003 of RCRA, which concerns abandoned, inactive, or uncontrolled
sites, to take remedial action to prevent or abate an imminent and substantial
danger to public health or the environment.
This program provided legal and technical expertise to present cases and
provide training and assistance to States in presenting cases. It also provided
specific legal and technical case support activities in the course of litigation.
HAZARDOUS HASTE PERMIT ISSUANCE
1981 AccomplishBents
In 1981, the Agency obligated 53,249,700 for this program, including
$3,226,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $23,400 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance.
The 1931 hazardous waste permitting program emphasized the review and
approval of State submissions for authorization under §3006 of RCRA. Twenty-
seven State programs have received authorization. This program provided parti-
cipating States with the authority to manage portions of their hazardous waste
management programs pending development of programs eligible for final authori-
zation.
EPA continued to develop strategy for and provide assistance to States and
Regional offices, EPA held a series of workshops to provide State and Regional
permitting personnel with guidance on hazardous waste permitting policy and pro-
cedures.
During 1981, EPA began the process of writing permits for voluntary sub-
missions. The Agency also established teams of experts to assist Regional and
State permit writers in drafting RCRA permits.
HW-62
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6
1932 ^xplanatipn of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,005,900 54,029,400 $3,775,100
The net decrease of -$1,230,800 results from several actions, as follows:
* jan"j*ry. - March- (-5699,800) This change represented a decrease of
$699,800 from Hie" January budget, all of which was for Salaries and
Expenses. The 1982 resources level will require the use of most available
resources to issue permits in States without approved RCRA programs,
resulting in less overview of approved State programs,
- Reorganization. (-5276,700) These resources were moved to Technical
Support - (Office of Legislation and Enforcement Counsel) (National Enforce-
ment Investigation Center - NE1.C). The functions supported by these
resources remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created,
(a) so that their resources could be more readily Identified and,
(b) organizationally, the center now falls under the responsibility of the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an agency restruc-
turing these resources were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program
under one program element. This reflects the consolidation of these similar
activities providing quick technical response in emergency situations.
- Reprogrammlng. (-$8,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogramraings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of -$8,400.
- Congresssional Actipns. (-$265,200) A reduction of -$24,700 was taken
againstthe Marchestimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
An additional reduction of -$240,500 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$19,300) The net Increase applied to this activity
1nciudes an lncrease of +$19,300 to Salaries and Expenses to fund necessary
operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $3,775,100 and 102.2 permanent workyears
to this program for Salaries and Expenses.
EPA is beginning to implement its programs to permit facilities that treat,
store or dispose of hazardous waste. The Agency expects approximately 100 facil-
ities to receive permits during the year in accordance with priorities estab-
lished in EPA's permitting strategy.
Thirty-four States are expected to receive Interim Authorization by the end
of 1982. The Agency is providing the States with legal, technical, and admin-
istrative assistance to enable them to devel-op permit programs that qualify for
full authorization.
1983nProgram Request
In 1983, EPA is requesting resources for the hazardous waste permit program
under the Hazardous Haste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation and the
Hazardous Waste Management, Guidelines and Policies program elements.
HU-63
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HAZARDOUS WASTE EHFORCEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,068,700 for this program, including
32,596,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $472,300 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance.
During 1981, the RCRA Subtitle C enforcement program was oriented toward
enforcing interim status standards, assisting States in the development of
"Interim Authorization" proposals, and reviewing resulting State proposals for
enforceability and equivalency. The RCRA enforcement effort also focused on
participation in the regulation development process and on enforcement policy
devel opment.
As of September 1981, the Agency has developed two civil enforcement actions
under authority of §3008. In addition, the Regional offices have issued 149
administrative orders assessing $1.1 million in penalties. As of September 30,
1981, EPA has completed compliance inspections at some 1,980 facilities and the
Agency has reviewed 27 State authorization submissions for enforceability and
Federal equivalency.
1982 Expl anation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,591,700 55,071,600 $4,053,000
The net decrease of -$538,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" -jg""^ - March. (+$1,164,300) This change represented an increase of
31,164,300 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Ex-
penses. These resources will be devoted to the growing compliance monitoring
and enforcement effort needed to effectively Implement RCRA Subtitle C and
directed to providing effective enforcement policy and guidance in the areas
of compliance rtonitoring procedures , penal ty policy, and regulations and
guidance development. Continued improvements will be made to Federal mani-
fest compliance monitoring in non-primacy States implementing the National
Manifest System.
" KfOWfllzaMo"' (-5684,400) The Agency moved these resources to Tech-
n i cal Support - Of f i ce of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (national Enforcement
Investigation Center - MEIC). The functions supported by these resources
remain the same. The new program element for NEIC was created, so that the
resources could be more readily identified and, because, organizationally,
the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel. As a result of the restructuring, the Agency moved
these resources to the Interdisciplinary program under one nrogram element.
This reflects the consolidation of these similar activities providing quick
technical response in emergency situations.
(-$190,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammi ngs , to this activity, which are not report-
able to Congress. They resulted in a net decrease of -$190,300.
" Congressional Actions. (-$837,200) Reductions totalling -$106,300 were
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
HW-64
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Of this $106,300 reduction, Technical support for potential RCRA Subtitle
"C" judicial actions were reduced by $60,000. The Agency reduced tech-
nical evaluation and expert witness support for case development where
facilities are operating in a manner inconsistent with that prescribed by
statute. The Agency made a second reduction of $46,300 decreasing contract
funds for training of State and municipal employees on the handling of
hazardous wastes, analysis of hazardous waste samples, and hazardous waste
site investigations.
An additional reduction of -5730,900 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses {S710.900) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($20,000) appropria-
tions to meet the Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$8,900) The Agency applied a net increase to
this activity of +58,900 to Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,053,000 and 86.3 permanent
workyears for this program of which $3,724,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and
5328,900 for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, The 1982 program is continuing to focus on interim status com-
pliance inspections and on identifying major noncoraplying facilities for appro-
priate enforcement activity. Such actions include §3007 information request
letters; §3003 compliance orders and administrative hearings; §3013 monitoring,
testing and analysis orders; and civil actions if necessary. EPA anticipates
that the 1982 program resources will support some 3,200 compliance inspections
and the use of the other enforcement tools outlined above, as generated by the
inspections.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,896,500 and 46.1 permanent workyears for
this program for Salaries and Expenses. This represents a decrease of SI,827,600
in Salaries and Expenses and 5328,900 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
change results from the transfer of legal activities to the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel. EPA expects the 1983 Regional technical resources to be
sufficient to conduct 2,950 compliance inspections and to support: (1) the con-
tinued Issuance of compliance orders and information gathering letters, and
(2) technical assistance in the development of civil judicial actions, where
appropriate.
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTESITES
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $5,072,900 for this program, including
$3,627,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,445,400 for Abaterient, Control and
Compliance. These resources supported a number of cases filed in Federal Dis-
trict Court involving hazardous waste sites which are presenting or may present
an Imminent and substantial endangerment to public health or the environment.
Of these cases filed, 11 consent decrees have been negotiated, and 10 prelimi-
nary judicial orders have been issued. These actions have generated approxi-
mately $53 million in completed, initiated or legally-committed site cleanup
financed by responsible parties. In addition, demand letters have been issued
to responsible parties at 12 potential Superfund sites asking for cleanup by
those responsible and indicating potential liability for Government costs if
Superfund money is used.
1982Program
In 1982, this program is funded by the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund.
HW-65
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UNCONTROLLEDHAZARDOUSVASTE SITES
1981 Accompli s hments
In 1Q81, the Agency obligated $5,072,900 for this program, including
$3,627,500 for Salarfes and Expenses and $1,445,400 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. These resources supported a number of cases filed in Federal Dis-
trict Court involving hazardous waste sites which are presenting or may present
an inninent and substantial endangement to public health or the environment.
Of these cases filed, 11 consent decrees have been negotiated, and 10 prelimi~
nary judicial orders have been issued. These actions have generated approxi-
mately S53 million in completed, initiated or legally-committed site cleanup
financed by responsible parties. In addition, demand letters have been issued
to responsible parties at 12 potential Superfund sites asking for cleanup by
those responsible and indicating potential liability for Government costs if
Superfund money is used,
1082 Program
In 1982, this program is funded by the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund.
HU-66
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Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ACTUAL
1981
PESTICIDES
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Research 4 Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
$33,197.9 $35,458.7 $32,616.5 $31,238.4 $28,139.4 -$3,099.0
$29,279.7 $35,633,1 $28,226.9 $22,220.4 $20,534.4 -$1,686.0
$2,292.2 $1,041,9 $944.7 $279.3 $2,108.2 $1,828.9
$64,769.8 $72,133.7 $61,788.1 $53,738.1 $50,782.0 -$2,956.1
887.0 874.1 810.9 744.6 660.9 -83.7
967.4 993.8 926.2 854.4 744.5 -109.9
$58,120.1 $68,919.0 $63,320.0 $60,903.5 $57,244.4 -$3,659.1
$86,935.0
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL
$5,606*7 $6,420.1
$2,292.2 $1,041.9
$5,606.7
$2,292.2
$7,898.9
$6,420.1
$1,041.9
$7,462.0
$5,930.8 $5,302.1 $4,360.6 -$941.5
$944.7 $279.3 $2,108.2 $1,828.9
$5,930.8 $5,302.1 $4,360.6 -$941.5
$944.7 $279.3 $2,108.2 $1,828.9
$6,875.5 $5,581.4 $6,468.8 $887.4
-------
ACTUAL
1981
PESTICIDES
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Registration, Special
Registration I Tolerances
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Standards Setting I
RPAR
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Corapl1ance
Federal And State
Program Support
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl1ance
$12,048.6 $12,387.8 $12,124.1 $11,939.8 $11,842.5
$1,035.6 $44.7
$10,960.3 $11,207.2 $9,651.0 $9,200.7 $8,266.2
$17,106.6 $24,274.1 $16,963.4 $10,968.8 $11,570.7
$633.3
$64.4
$540.9
$50.8
$456.1
$513.7
$23,642.2 $24,135.9 $22,231.2 $21,654.2 $20,108.7
$18,206.6 $24,369.6 $16,963.4 $10,968.8 $11,570.7
-$97.3
-$934.5
$601.9
-$513.7
-$1,545.5
$601.9
TOTAL $41.848.8 $48,505.5 $39,194.6 $32.623.0 $31,679.4 -$943.6
$3,949.0 $4,902.7 $4,464.5 $4,282.1 $3,670.1 -$612.0
$11,027.1 $11,263.5 $11,263.5 $11,251.6 $8,963.7 -$2,287.9
-------
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
IDOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses $3,949.0 $4,902.7 $4,454.5 $4,282.1 $3,670.1 -$612.0
Abatement Control * $11,027.1 $11,263.5 $11,263.5 $11,251.6 $8,963.7 -$2,287.9
Compliance
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL $14,976.1 $16,166.2 $15,718.0 $15,533.7 $12,633.8 -$2,899.9
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides 111.0 109.1 94.1 79.6 71.7 -7.9
RESEARCH « DEVELOPMENT TOTAL 111.0 109.1 94.1 79.6 71.7 -7.9
Registration, Special 361.2 334.2 326.2 328.2 303.7 -24.5
Registration S Tolerances
Standards Setting i 284.6 281.2 251.2 207.6 188.9 -18.7
RPftR
Federal And State 16.0 14.1 14.1 13.0 -13.0
Program Support
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL TOTAL 661.8 629.5 591.5 548.8 492.6 -56.2
Pesticides Enforcement 114.2 135.5 125.3 116.2 96.6 -19.6
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL 114.2 135.5 125.3 116.2 96.6 -19.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides 146.8 151.9 136.9 120.4 103.3 -17.1
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT TOTAL 146.8 151.9 136.9 120.4 103.3 -17.1
-------
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Registration, Special 372.9 373.6 365.6 373.5 340.6 -32.9
Registration I
Standards Setting 4 304.3 301,3 269.3 216.7 195.9 -20.8
RPAR
Federal And State 17.1 16.0 16.0 14.9 -14.9
Program Support
ABATEMENT 5 CONTROL TOTAL 694.3 690.9 650.9 605.1 536.5 -68.6
Pesticides Enforcement 126.3 151.0 138.4 128.9 104.7 -24.2
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL 126.3 151,0 138.4 128.9 104.7 -24.2
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEM AND STRATEGY
In 1980, nearly 1.2 billion pounds of pesticide active Ingredients were
used in the United States, roughly one quarter of the world's total. These
products create major societal benefits, such as increased agricultural pro-
ductivity, lower domestic food prices, a more favorable balance of payments
due to increased exports of agricultural products, and control of human and
animal diseases spread by vector Insects and rodents. However, pesticides are
designed to be Injurious to living organisms and are deliberately Introduced
Into the environment for that purpose. Furthermore, most of these products are
used on human or animal food crops, making human exposure unavoidable.
The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the use of pesticides under
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodent1e1de Act (FIFRA), and Sections
402, 406, 408, and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
FIFRA authorizes the Agency to Issue, deny, or revoke the registration of a
pesticide based on a determination of whether 1t will cause "unreasonable adverse
effects," taking into account the economic, social, and environmental costs and
benefits of Its intended uses. FFDCA authorizes the Agency to establish, deny,
or revoke tolerances (I.e., permissible limits) for residues of pesticides in or
on food and feed crops.
The major environmental goal of the program is to ensure that pesticides
registered for sale and use in the United States will achieve their Intended
function without unreasonable adverse effects on human health and environmental
duality. Activities 1n support of this goal focus on the evaluation and mitiga-
tion of risks to human health, as well as unintended adverse effects on fish,
wildlife, domestic animals, plants, rivers, lakes, etc.
FIFRA, in essence, provides for Agency control of the terms and conditions
under which pesticides can be legally used through the issuance of registrations
(or conditional registrations pending submission by the applicant of all required
data) to permit marketing of specific pesticide products; experimental use permits
to allow field testing to obtain data required for registration; and emergency
exemptions to allow temporary unregistered pesticide uses to control critical
pest infestations. Before a pesticide can be registered for use on a human food
or animal feed crop, the Agency must either establish a tolerance or grant an
exemption from the tolerance requirement.
Registration activities by the the States are authorized under FIFRA to
register pesticides for special local needs within their respective jurisdictions
and to grant experimental use permits to allow the development of data to support
these registrations. State registrations are subject to review by the Agency.
Re registration, required under FIFRA, calls for the Agency to reevaluate,
based on current scientific standards, all existing registrations and to re-
register those pesticides found to meet the "no unreasonable adverse effects"
standard. In many instances, reregi strati on will be contingent upon submission
by registrants of new or additional scientific data, usually data that were not
required when the product was originally registered. Registrants may also be
required to make changes in such areas as label precautions and instructions or
packaging.
Registration standards are being developed by the Agency to facilitate
pesticide registrations and reregistrations as expeditiously as possible, in
accordance with the FIFRA mandate. In the past, the registration process
entailed an examination of risk for each product, one at a time. Registration
standards provide a single, comprehensive risk/benefit evaluation of the basic
active ingredient chemicals common to numerous products. For each active
ingredient, safety criteria and other standards are set as conditions for the
P-5
-------
registration and reregistration of products. Review of basic health and safety , ,
data will thus be needed only once for numerous products containing the same 1
active ingredient.
A Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) is the process the
Agency may take under FIFRA to cancel, suspend, or restrict the registration
of a pesticide whenever it is suspected of causing unreasonable adverse health
or environmental effects. The Agency has establised risk criteria which, if met
or exceeded, trigger a RPAR involving a comprehensive review of the pesticide's
risks and benefits. The process involves .-a review of alternative, less hazardous
chemicals that could be substituted for those in RPAR and consideration of a
full range of regulatory options that could allow the chemical to remain on
the market under specific conditions. These options include changes in labeling,
classification and use restrictions. The RPAR decision presents the best
balance of risks and benefits consistent with the Interest of public health,
safety, and the environment. Agency decisions resulting from the RPAR process
are subject to review and comment by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
and a FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel.
The pesticide enforcement program monitors and enforces compliance with
FIFRA requirements largely through cooperative agreements with State and Terri-
torial agencies, to which the Agency provides enforcement grants. Compliance
and enforcement activities are mainly intended to ensure that pesticide users
comply with label directions and that pesticide producers and sellers comply
with registration, classification, and labeling requirements. The Agency also
provides funds to the USDA to help support training for applicators of restricted
use pesticides, primarily farmers, and grants to States and Territories to defray
the costs of certifying applicators.
The pesticides research and development program 1s designed to reinforce
the Agency's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides and to
ensure that the Agency's regulatory actions are based on data that are scien-
tifically sound and legally defensible. A significant aspect of this activity is
the development of testing protocols to guide industry in generating data to
support pesticide registrations and registrations. Information from this
program is made available to the general public and to Federal, State, and local
government officials for use in fulfilling their respective responsibilities
for regulatory enforcement and In responding to pesticide emergencies.
Program priorities it) 1983 will Include: elimination of backlogs in the
registration and tolerances programs; the reduction of time and effort required
to review registration applications and tolerance petitions; and the reduction
of time needed to review scientific data leading to sound scientific judgments
on FIFRA Issues. Th^s will lead to reduced costs for both the Agency and the
industry.
Exempting selected types of pesticide products or chemicals from the full
application of FIFRA regulations will be emphasized wherever possible on the
basis of adequate public health protection. Examples Include minor uses and
relatively safe pesticides.
An improved working relationship with the industry will be created through
increased consultation with registrants and applicants during the review pro--
cesses, early screening of data to identify problems for timely resolution,
greater efforts to achieve negotiated settlements rather than the use of rigid
administrative approaches with respect to pesticides suspected of posing unrea-
sonable risks, and closer industry involvement in data evaluations and the
development of registration standards.
Review processes will be streamlined to obtain (1) strict adherence to
legislative and administrative deadlines, (2) improved monitoring of decision
processes, (3) more efficient reviews of clusters of chemicals with similar
uses, (4) elimination of non-essential reviews, (5) reduced scope and increased
P-6
-------
selectivity of literature searches, (6) greater use of high quality reviews made
by other United States and foreign organizations, and (7) revised criteria for
presumptions against registration that more closely reflect likely risk.
P-7
-------
PESTICIDES
SUMMARY OF INCREASESAND DECREASES (1nthousands of do!Tars)
1982 Pesticides Program $53,738.1
Salaries and Expenses.... -3,099.0
The net decrease reflects the personnel reduc-
tions associated with streamlining the regis-
tration process, shifting enforcement responsi-
bilities to the States, and completion of in-
house research efforts in health exposure ex-
periments.
Research and Development....... +1,828.9
The net increase reflects a joint research
effort with the Department of Labor to ascer-
tain the health effects of young farm workers
who are exposed to pesticides, and to validate
laboratory devived exposure data under actual
use conditions to support the registration of
pesticides.
Abatement, Control and Compliance... -1,686.0
The net decrease reflects improvements in State
priority setting to allow a decrease in the
State grant program, and States will be encour-
aged to raised or implement fees to offset the
decrease in Federal support of certification
and training of applicators of restricted use
pesticides.
1983 Pesticides Program S50,782.0
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate 572,133.7
January-March. . -10,064.9
Reorganization -280.7
Repr ogrammi ngs -129.6
Congressional Actions -7,938.4
A decrease of $5,331,500 to Abatement, Control
trol and Compliance and a decrease of $661,900
to Research and Development were taken against
the March estimate to reflect the September 12S
reduction. Congress also restored $1,0.50,000
to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation for Pesticides Cetificatlon and Train-
Ing. An additional reduction of $2,995,000
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
P-8
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
($1,720,000) and Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance ($1,275,000) appropriations to meet
Congressionally nandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority ,....,., +18.0
A net increase of $18,000 was transferred to
this program as follows: $450,000 was transfer-
red from Abatement, Control and Compliance;
$3,500 was transferred from Research and Develop-
ment; and $471,500 was transferred to Salaries
and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate $53,738.1
P-9
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PESTICIDES
Increase +
Budget Current Decrease -
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate 1983 vs.
Program Activities 1981 1982 1982 1983 1982
Registration Standards
Registration Standards
Completed.
RPAR
PI nal RPAR Decisions.....
Laboratory Data Audits...
Regl stratiqn
New Chemical and Blora-
tional (environmentally
protective pesticides)
Revi ews ...........
Old Chemical
Amended Registration
Special Registration
Emergency Exemption
Experimental Use Permit
24(c) State Registration
Revi ews .,
Temporary Tolerance
Peti ti ons
Tolerances
Tolerance Petition
Reviews. .................
Inert Ingredient
Request Reviews
18
11
4
142
7 673
22,736
450
434
1 424
109
371
73
8
10
21
95
5,300
22,200
350
240
1,200
135
310
40
14
10
10
185
7,550
20,000
370
465
1,040
120
345
35
15
6
18
130 I/
6.000 I/
18,000 I/
400
490
1,100
140
400
35
+1
-4
+8
-55
-1,550
-2,000
+30
+25
4-60
+20
+55
P-10
-------
Enforcement
Establishment Inspections 2J 2,825 4,700 3,053 2,285 -768
Use/Reentry and Experi-
mental Use Observations.. 27 10,921 9,200 11,860 9,221 -2,639
Market Place
Investigations , 2/ 7,462 11,500 8.107 6,326 -1,781
Import Inspections.. 2/ 241 500 200 80 -120
State Applicator License and
Record Inspections 10,928 11,000 11,912 9,530 -2,382
State Dealer Record
Inspections 6,937 7,500 7,561 6,049 -1.512
Federal Laboratory Inspections 4 10 12 40 +28
I/ 1983 outputs reflect a reduction in the average number of reviews per
chemical and the elimination of the backlog.
2/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities.
P-ll
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Hon-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Technical Information
4 Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
Health Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research S Development
Environmental
Processes * Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$320.0
$128.2
$92.0
$3.5
$428.6
$87.8
$3.5
$365.1
$56.8
$3.5
$365.1 $264.0 -$101.1
$15.5 $15.5
$60.3
$21.2 -$39.1
$482.3 $694.2 $631.5 $526.1 $484.5 -$41.6
$34.0 $60.0 $58.8 $58.8 $235.0 $176.2
$2,140.1 $2,478.1 $2,342.3 $2,011.3 $1,260.0 -$751.3
$207.7 $226.5 $220.5 $220.5 $1,240.9 $1,020.4
$2,572.3 $2,731.4 $2,535.1 $2,339.3 $2,330.9 -$8.4
$1,918.8 $751.9 $661.9 $616.8 $616.8
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Hon-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Pesticides Non-Energy TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,606.7 $6,420.1 $5,930.8 $5,302.1 $4,360.6 -$941.5
$2,292.2 $1,041.9 $944.7 $279.3 $2,108.2 $1,828.9
$7,898.9 $7,462.0 $6,875.5 $5,581.4 $6,468.8 $887.4
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WOROEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
8 Liaison
Monitoring Systems *
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
6.6
2.1
12.6
33.3
56.4
9.5
1.6
12.0
31.0
55.0
7.5
.6
10.0
27.0
49.0
6.2
.2
6.2
20.0
47.0
4.5
6.0
17.0
44.2
-1.7
-.2
-.2
-3.0
-2.8
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Men-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1962 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
8 Liaison
Monitoring Systems «
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental
111.0 109,1 94.1 79.6 71.7 -7.9
8.5 14.0 12.0 9.7 5.5 -4.2
2.5 2.1 1.1 .7 -.7
13.1 13.4 11.4 7.6 7.1 -.5
43.3 43.3 39.3 32.3 29.2 -3.1
79.4 79.1 ' 73.1 70.1 61.5 -8.6
Processes & Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS 146.8 151.9 136.9 120.4 103.3 -17.1
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,468,800 and 71.7 permanent workyears for
1983, an increase of $887,400 and a decrease of 7.9 permanent workyears from
1982. Included in this total is $4,360,600 for Salaries and Expenses and
$2,108,200 for Research and Development, with a decrease of $941,500 and an
increase of $1,828,900, respectively. The decrease reflects a reduction of
in-house efforts in conducting pesticide exposure assessments and publishing
pesticides research summaries. The increase will provide additional research
support for the pesticides registration program.
Program Description
The Pesticide research program is a result of detailed coordination and
planning with the regulatory program. It is designed to support the Agency
and States In the implementation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA).
The program develops, validates and documents procedures for measuring and
predicting human and environmental exposures to pesticides. The program also
measures and documents exposure effects under various environmental circumstances
and pesticide usages. The program also provides quality assurance support for
Agency measurements involving pesticides. The components of the program are
integrated Into an overall research effort designed to produce outputs clearly
focused on Agency regulatory needs in this area. Priority research needs Include
development of environmental and health testing protocols (which manufacturers
must use In order to provide data to register a chemical), development of analy-
tical models to predict environmental exposure and effects, rapid toxicity
testing for regulatory decisions, and quality assurance support.
SCIEKTIFICASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $448,200 for this program, of which
5320,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $128,200 was for
extramural research purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, the program provided health and risk assessments for careInogenicity
and mutagenicity for pesticides that are undergoing RPAR (Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration) and registration analysis in the Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams (OPP). The assessment work also Included review and justification before
the Agency's Science Advisory Panel and in legal defense situations. Research
efforts were initiated to develop risk assessment guidelines pertaining to the
reproductive effects of pesticides. These guidelines were used for regulatory
purposes.
1982 Explanation of Changes .from...January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$428,600 $365,100 $365,100
The net decrease of -$63,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$63,500) This change represented a decrease of
$63,500 from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease
resulted in somewhat reduced support for cancer assessments, mutagencity
P-1S
-------
REVISEDP-16
and reproductive toxlcity reviews. This trill also decrease the literature
search capability.
1982Program
In 1982 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $365,100 and 6.2 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1982, the program will continue to provide health and risk assessments
for carcinogenic and mutagenlc toxlcity for those chemicals Identified by the
Office of Pesticide Programs, The assessments will be defended as needed before
the Science Advisory Panel and other Agency review forums. Work will continue
In 1982 on developing guidelines for evaluating reproductive toxldty with a
peer review milestone slated for late 1982. This activity assures that pesticide
decisions reflect risk assessments consistent with Agency requirements, pursuant
to the legal mandates of FIFRA.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $279,500 and 4.5 permanent workyears for this
program of which $264,000 1s under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$15,500 1s for extramural research purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects a decrease of $101,100 and an Increase of $15,500,
respectively. The decrease Is the result of preliminary estimates of a reduced
need for In-house risk assessment support required by the Office of Pesticides
Programs, based on streamlined Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR)
procedures designed to minimize resources required for the full RPAR process or
adjudlcatory hearings.
In 1983, the program will provide three types of outputs for use by the
Office of Pesticide Programs: cardnogenlcity risk assessments, mutagenldty
risk assessments, and review and defense of these assessments before the Agency's
Pesticide's Science Advisory Panel and 1n legal proceedings.
The work on developing risk assessment guidelines begun In late 1981 will be
completed with the expected Issuance of guidelines for pesticides and other Agency-
wide use. These activities support the implementation of FIFRA by the Office of
Pesticide Programs.
TECHNICAL INFORHATIOH AMD LIAISOH
Refer to the Oxldants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are Indicated 1n the program element description below,
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981 the Agency used a total of $95,500 for this program of which
$92,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Specific accomplishments included:
- Provided the Manual gf Analytical Qua111y Control for Pesticides in
Human and Environmental^ Media to state and other 'public health
laboratories.
- Developed analytical reference standards and supplemental data for
pesticides and other organic compounds. These standards are used by
the states to check the accuracy of their analyses.
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- Compiled a document concerning the behavior of DDT and Kepone fn
sediment and water systems. The document 1s part of an investigation
of a feasibility study concerning the removal of in-pi ace toxic sub-
stances.
1982 Explanati on of Changes from January Budget Estimates
January torch Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$91,300 $60,300 $60,300
The net decrease of -$31,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$31,000) This change represented a decrease of
531,000 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
This decrease resulted in the elimination of Regional liaison activities
for this program as well as a reduction of the number of technical Informa-
tion publications to be prepared and disseminated.
' Transfer Authorlty. (Mo change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$3,500 to Research and Development and an in-
crease of +53,500 to Salaries and Expenses. The Salaries and Expenses
increase will fund essential day-to-day operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $60,300 to this program, all
of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Planned accomplishments Include:
- Provide a report on environmental exposure assessment of pesticides to
the Office of Pesticide Programs.
- Provide toxicological assessment reports on various pesticides to the
Office of Pesticide Programs. These reports will be used for registration
purposes.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,200 for this program, all of which is
under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects a decrease of
339,100. The reduction will result In some delays in publishing research
summaries that describe the results of completed pesticide research projects.
These summaries are distributed to State and local officials, agricultural
organizations, and pesticides manufacturers.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to State and local officials in support of
their increased role in administering environmental programs.
Projected accomplishment include:
- Conduct seminars and conferences for State and local government officials
and industrial personnel on the following subjects: field application of
certain pesticides, exposure effects on humans and on other non-target
organisms, and ecological impact of selected pesticides.
- Provide research summaries pertaining to completed pesticide research
projects to State and local governments and to the general public.
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $516,300 for this program, of which
$482,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $34,000 was for
extramural research purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
In 1981, this program provided support to the Agency and States 1n maintain-
ing a quality assurance program to ensure accurate data for regulatory decisions
and enforcement actions under the FIFRA. Approximately 1,000 Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), and other Federal, State, local, Industrial, academic
and foreign laboratories were furnished pesticide reference materials - approxi-
mately 28,000 samples were distributed from the 850 reference compounds currently
stocked. These samples were used for quality assurance testing and quality
control purposes to ensure 1ntercomparab1l1ty of data from different laboratories.
In addition, collaborative quality assurance studies were carried out be-
tween volunteering laboratories. The quality control of analytical supplies was
maintained through a rigorous acceptance testing program prior to distribution
to other laboratories.
1982 EypJj^atjog.^of^C.hanggs from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$754,200 $690,300 $584,900
The net decrease of -$169,300 results from several actions, as follows:
" _J..a"ua.r.y " March. (-$63,900) This change represented a decrease of
$63,000 from the January budget, of which $62,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,200 was for Research and Development. This decrease resul-
ted In the special synthesis program for specific chemicals.
~ Deprogramming. (-$21,100) {This reprogrammlng of -$21,100 was Included
1n the letter to Congress on December 16, 1981). This Agency-wide repro-
grammlng provides resources for transfer of the accountability function to
the Office of Management and Evaluation and, In addition, provides addi-
tional resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Solid Uaste and Emergency Response.
- Congressional Actions. (-$84,300) A reduction of 584,300 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $584,900 and 6.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $526,100 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $58,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, this program continues quality assurance activities In support of
FIFRA regulatory decision and enforcement. ' A major part of this will be mainten-
ance of the repository of pesticide calibration materials which will be distributed
to approximately 1.000 EPA, other Federal, State, local, academic, Industrial and
foreign laboratories. These materials are used by the laboratories to maintain
Internal quality control to ensure that their data are accurate, precise and
reliable.
Also, in order to Improve consistency of analysis, the program serves as a
P-18
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central supply of special reference materials used in the gas chromatographic an-
alyses by the Office of Pesticide Program's cooperative epidemiology laboratories.
1933 Program Request
the Agency requests a total of $719,500 and 6.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $484,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$235,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects a decrease of 541,600 and an increase of $176,200,
respectively. The decrease results from in-house savings due to re-location of
the pesticide repository facility. The increase will be used to employ outside
technical experts to Improve quality assurance procedures-
In 1983, this program will maintain the pesticides quality assurance activi-
ties in support of the FIFRA registration and enforcement. The funds will con-
tinue to be used to support the pesticide repository which distributes standard
analytical reference samples to EPA, other Federal laboratories, and contractor
laboratories working for Federal agencies.
The major activity under this program will continue to be maintenance of
the repository of high priority pesticide calibration materials, which will be
distributed to approximately l.DOO EPA and other Federal laboratories and federal-
ly contracted laboratories. These materials are used by the laboratories to
maintain internal quality control to ensure that their data are accurate, precise,
and reproducible. The program also will continue to serve as a central source
of supply of special reference materials used in the gas chromatographic analyses
by the Office of Pesticide Programs' cooperative epidemiology laboratories.
A small effort will be devoted to study the feasibility of providing quality
assurance assistance to State pesticide laboratories. This will assist State and
EPA enforcement efforts, which are dependent upon the validity of the analytical
measurements and data from these laboratories.
.HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,347,800 for this program, of which
$2,140,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $207,700
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, this program provided health studies, health testing protocols,
and direct toxicity assessment support to the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
in meeting the registration and enforcement responsibilities pursuant to Sections
3 and 26 of FIFRA. For example, the program determined exposure to pesticides
during home and garden applications, evaluated air sampling devices for use in
indoor monitoring, and performed teratologic studies.
Other work included continuation of research studies on the development of
analytical procedures for monitoring the presence of biological pesticides; e.g.
insect viruses in human and animal tissues and in environmental media. Results
of this work were provided to Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) staff for
inclusion in guidelines and testing procedures for biological pesticides.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,704,600 $2,562,800 $2,231,800
The net decrease of -$472,800 results from several actions, as follows:
P-19
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- January - March. (-$141,800) This change represented a decrease of
5141,800 from ftie January budget, of which $135,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 56,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease result-
ed in a reduced effort in the area of huraan effects of pestieidal com-
pounds (epidemiology studies).
- Congressional Actions. (-$331,000) A reduction of -$331,000 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,231,800 and 20.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,011,300 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $220,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, this research will continue to support OPP through toxlclty testing
and health test protocol development pursuant to implementation of FIFRA. Re-
search is also continuing on the health aspects of biological pesticides with
emphasis on genetic stability and interaction. This research is essential in
determining the possible adverse effects of certain viruses on the human cell
and supports OPP In writing guidelines for registration.
Other research concerns the effects of pesticides on the developing young
animals. In addition to supporting registration decisions, this research supports
an EPA/ Department of Labor (DDL) Agreement to review re-entry standards for
young farm workers. The effects of pesticides on animal reproductive systems
are also being investigated, which will assist OPP in establishing guidelines
for registration. To aid OPP in obtaining genetics toxicology data on pesticide
chemicals, a computerized data management and analysis system is being developed.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,500,900 and 17.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,260.000 1s under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,240,900 is for extramural purpose under the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects a decrease of $751,300 and an Increase of $1,020,400,
respectively. The decrease results from reduction of in-house efforts in pesti-
cide exposure assessments. The increase in extramural funds will be used for field
studies of human exposure to pesticides and for research designed to improve the
extrapolation of experimental results from animal to man.
Planned research will Include comparative pharmacodynamics studies to assess
exposure and adverse effects in animal models and man. These studies will improve
extrapolation of data from animal to roan for better risk assessment In order to
make more cost-effective registration and re-registration decisions.
Work will continue to determine the effects of age, sex, stress, and species
on the b1oava1lability of pesticides. This research Is designed to develop a
suitable animal model for extrapolation of exposure data to man and to determine
conditions under which the young, elderly, pregnant, malnourished, and those
on medication may be more susceptible to toxicant exposure than the general
population.
Research will be done to determine the-effects of chemical exposure on the
developing rodent and to carry out field studies on human exposure to pesticides.
Research will continue on the development of pesticide re-entry standards for
young farm workers. Research will also continue on biological pest agents.
P-20
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $4,491,100 for this program of which
$2,572,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,918,800 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The major activities of this program element are to develop and apply method-
ologies for determining fate and exposure of pesticides relative to nontarget
aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Specifically, it provides information need-
ed by the Office of Pesticide Programs, the Regional Offices, and the States
to develop regulations and guidance, supports risk-benefit evaluations, and
management decisions concerning the safety of pesticide use.
In 1981, a new approach mas developed to interpret toxidty data from pesti-
cides effects on some aquatic vegetation. Research results suggest that pesti-
cides that degrade rapidly while inhibiting growth should not be considered
dangerous. This Information can greatly accelerate the registration process
under FIFRA and establish more effective water quality criteria under the Clean
Water Act.
Chronic toxidty test methods were developed for comparing sensitivities
of estuarine fishes using several pesticides. This work was requested by the
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). This information is needed for reducing
the amount of required testing for the registration of pesticides.
A microbial testing and screening technique was developed to provide pre-
liminary information on detoxification, biodegradatfon, and transformation rates
in aquatic environments. Several pesticides on the Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration (RPAR) list were evaluated with this fate-screening protocol.
This data filled immediate OPP needs to assess the fate of these pesticides.
Acute and chronic toxlcity tests on five pesticides using freshwater fish
and six aquatic invertebrates were completed. Results show that low concentra-
tions may be either lethal or cause behavioral changes dependent on the test
organism.
Guidelines have been developed for the integrated control of several aquatic
weeds in the Southeastern United States, which provide information needed for
development of sound aquatic weed management strategies. A report entitled
"Integrated Aquatic Meed Management: Research Sponsored or Conducted by Eight
Federal Agencies" has been completed and distributed. Additional data has been
developed for incorporation Into integrated pest management strategies for four
major agricultural crops: alfalfa, apples, cotton and soybeans.
1982 Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,483,300 $3,197,000 $2,339,300
The net decrease of -$1,144,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$286,300) This1 change represented a decrease of
5286,300 from the January budget, of which $196,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 590,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease resul-
ted In reduced support in the area of environmental exposure and effects
research.
- Congressional Actions. (-$857,700) A reduction of -$661,900 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 125 reduction to the
P-21
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Research and Development appropriation reflecting the House and Senate
Conference's action on EPA's 1983 Appropriation Bill.
An additional reduction of -$195,800 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to meet the Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982,the Agency is allocating a total of $2,339,300 and 47.0 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The 1982 ecological effects research effort will sharpen the Agency's ability
to assess the adverse or potential adverse impacts of pesticides on aquatic and
terrestrial non-target organisms; on physical, chemical and biological processes;
and on interactions between the various environmental components and biota.
Pesticides selected will be those in common use, those in the registration and re-
registration process or within regulatory reform procedures, and new or alterna-
tive pest control agents which have been designated as high priority research
needs by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP).
Major research areas include the determination of the effects and the
transportation and fate of pesticides in coastal waters, freshwater, and terres-
trial environments. The research encompasses methods development, toxicity
testing, and data generation regarding dose-response relationships of organisms.
Testing protocols, based on methods development, will be provided to OPP for use
in the public and private sector.
Laboratory studies will incorporate bipassays and microcosm research under
controlled regimes in both static and flow-through systems. In addition, verifi-
cation studies and validation experiments will be carried out in semi-natural
systems. Field validation experiments will also be conducted in simulated
natural habitats to evaluate field applicability of laboratory data. Laboratory
activities will also Include methods and protocol development and tier testing
schemes. Transport and fate studies, that quantify rate and route movements and
degradative processes, are also planned.
The exposure assessment research in this program will continue to evaluate
pesticide exposure concentrations. Additionally, modeling activities will define
the actual or potential ecological damages. Information generated from these
activities will be used within the Agency's regulatory process to determine
environmental risk and; thereby, form the basis for regulatory action. This
information may also form the basis of guidelines to be used by industry in
experimental testing programs, as required by the FIFRA.
During 1982, the EPA will complete development of methodologies for integrat-
ed aquatic weed control. These methodologies will include the development of a
Decision Support System and the evaluation of the environmental impact of chemical
and biological controls. Final reports dealing with integrated pest management
(IPM) will be submitted on several projects Including a complete data base for
urban pests and detailed strategies for Integrated pest management of cotton,
alfafa, apples and soybeans. In addition, final reports will also be submitted
on the development of farmer financed IPM systems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,947,700 and 44.2 permanent wortcyears for
this program, of which $2,330,900 Is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $616,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an decrease of $8,400 and an increase of $616,800, res-
pectively. This slight decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from an organi-
zational adjustment for better personnel utilization. The increase in extramural
resources will be used to fund a research effort for the determination of the
P-ZZ
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field applicability of laboratory-derived pesticide testing protocols. Results
of this research effort will support the registration of pesticides.
To aid in achieving the 1983 goals, the research has been conceptually divid-
ed Into three categories of activities, 1) Data Testing Protocols, 2) Analytical
Models and 3) Scientific Expertise:
Data testing protocols will Include Information generation on pesticide tran-
sport, transformation, and bioaccumulation to support exposure assessments. Pes-
ticide effects will be determined on nontarget aquatic and terrestrial species
by biochemical testing and biological studies. These studies Mill supply improved
methods and testing protocols to provide data on pesticide Impacts.
Analytical models Mill be expanded and refined for accuracy and will be
used to predict pesticide impacts. These models will assist in more rapid and
complete analysis for regulatory needs. The research approach will Include
laboratory studies, field investigations, and area studies. The information
from those studies will be assimilated Into the mathematical models. Long-term
field validation studies Mill be initiated to further validate laboratory
findings and to calibrate the models. The modeling techniques and pesticide
assessment reports will be supplied to OPP and other users.
Specific scientific expertise will be utilized to conduct special toxicity
tests to determine pesticide dose-response effects; to estimate pesticide duration
and concentration; and to investigate pesticide persistence in various environmen-
tal components. Chemical analysis capabilities Mill be applied In all research
efforts to maintain both quantitative and qualitative Integrity.
P-23
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration ft Tolerances
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIfWTE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
Special Registration
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
Tolerances
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control &
Com pi {a nee
$7,725,4 $7,923.2 $7,914.1 $7,782.1 $7,224.6 -$557.5
$696.8
$2,254.0 $2,291.0 $2,045.3 $1,993.0 $2,227.7 $234.7
$273.1 $44.7
$2,069.2 $2,173.6 $2,164.7 $2,164.7 $2,390.2 $225.5
$65.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Registration, Special TOTAL
Registration 6
Tolerances
$12,048.6 $12,387.8 $12,124.1 $11,939.8 $11,842.5 -$97.3
$1,035.6 $44.7
$13,084.2 $12,432.5 $12,124.1 $11,939.8 $11,842.5 -$97.3
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL UORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1981
222.8
65.2
73.2
361.2
230,8
65.7
76.4
372.9
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
215,3
62.2
S6.7
334.2
237,8
68.5
67.3
373.6
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
215.3
54.2
56.7
326.2
237.8
60.5
67.3
365.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
218.3
53.2
56.7
328.2
246.7
59.5
67.3
373.5
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
198-3 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
183.5
57.8
62.4
303.7
203.0
63.5
74.1
340.6
-34.8
4.6
S.7
-24.5
-43.7
4.0
6.8
-32.9
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PESTICIDES
Registration. Special Registration and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,842,500 and 303.7 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $97,300 and 24.5 permanent workyears from 1982. All of this
request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency's initiatives
to streamline the registration and tolerance processes, while at the same time
ensuring achievement of mandated missions, account for the decrease.
Program Description
The goal of this subactivity is to facilitate a steady flow of environ-
mentally safe products to the marketplace. The Agency evaluates all pesticides
under a "no unreasonable adverse effects" standard, taking into account the
economic, social, and environmental risks and benefits of the use of any
pesticide.
Registration Under the registration program, new pesticide products
are registered and current registrations are amended to add uses and/or new
formulations. This registration is accomplished by: (1) reviewing registration
applications and supporting data to ensure that the use of the products will
not result in "unreasonable adverse effects" to man or the environment and
to ensure that public health products (e.g., disinfectants) are reasonably
effective for their proposed uses; (2) limiting the risks associated with use
through label precautions, special packaging requirements, application directions,
and, where necessary, restriction of use to trained applicators; and (3) providing
incentives, through reduced data requirements and more rapid review, for environ-
mentally safe pesticides. These include products such as biorational pesticides
and pesticides which provide safer alternatives to cancelled products or other
products which provide pest management. A specific procedural objective of the
registration program is to expedite the registration process by developing
guidance packages that help registrants understand what they must do to register
and reregister their products. Finally, as new studies and data are developed,
the registration program has the ongoing task of upgrading label precautions and
use directions with emphasis on non-target exposures, field workers, application
safety, and pesticide container disposal.
Spec 1 al Regi strati on The special registration program performs an auxil-
iary TunclTofrTo~TnTTeg1 strati on process by: (1) allowing experimentation with
nonregistered products or uses to develop data needed for registration; (2)
establishing safe pesticide residue (tolerance) levels for crops to be marketed
following the application of experimental use pesticides; (3) permitting the use
of unregistered pesticides or the use of pesticides for sites/pests not included
in their registration to meet pest emergencies when the benefits of such use
exceed the risk; and (4) reviewing State registrations of pesticides distributed
and used only within the registering State for special local needs, to determine
if proper tolerances have been established and the chemicals involved have not
been suspended or cancelled. Section i of FIFRA requires the Agency to take
action on an experimental use permit within 120 days after receipt of the appli-
cation and all supporting documentation. Special local needs registrations,
which are authorized by Section 24(c) of FIF^RA, must be reviewed within 90 days
after the State issues a registration. If the Agency takes no action to disallow
the registration within that time, it automatically becomes effective.
Tolerances The tolerance program fulfills the requirements of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) as it applies to pesticide products.
Under FFDCA, before a pesticide can be registered under FIFRA for use on a food
or feed crop, the Agency must either establish a tolerance for that use, stating
the maximal residue limits permissible, or grant an exemption from the tolerance
requirement. By statute, food and feed additive petitions must be processed
P-26
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within 180 days and raw agricultural commodity petitions must be processed within
120 days.
REGISTRATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $8,422,200, of which $7,725,400 was for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $696,800 was for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1981, the Agency conducted 142 reviews of new chemicals and biorationals;
7,673 reviews of registrations for new products that contain old chemicals
identical or substantially similar to others already registered; and 22,736
amended registration reviews, which Included amendments to current pesticide
labels, administrative amendments, and supplemental (distributor) registrations.
To reduce the burden of Federal regulations, the Agency began to examine
existing regulations under Section 3 of FIFRA to define more clearly, accurately,
and concisely the information required to register a product. Label guidelines
setting forth clear and consistent labeling requirements were developed and are
in the final stages of review. Through the Label Improvement Program, registrants
of termiticides and fumigants were required to make label changes designed to
communicate basic information essential for the protection of human health and
the environment and for clarity to the users and enforcers. A total of 18
registration guidance packages were developed to inform registrants of the
requirements for reregistering pesticide products within the scope of applicable
registration standards.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$7,923,200 $7,914,100 $7,782,100
The net decrease of -$141,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$9,100) This change represented a decrease of $9,100
from the January budget, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
" Reprogramroing. (+$185,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to the activity and resulted in a net Increase of +$185,900.
- Congressi onal Acti ons . (-$317,900) A reduction of -$317,900 was applied
to the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressi onal ly mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,782,100 and 218.3 permanent
workyears, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1982, the Agency expects to conduct 185 reviews of new chemicals and
biorationals, 7,550 reviews of registrations for new products containing old
chemicals identical or similar to others already registered, and 20,000 amended
registration reviews.
Since the breakthrough achieved by the 1978 amendments, which provided
for conditional registration, the Agency continues to capitalize oh process
efficiencies. In 1982, process changes will continue to be initiated or improved
P-27
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upon to ensure that the costs of registration are no higher than necessary and
to reduce the backlog and processing time. Improved process management will be
accomplished through ongoing refinement of an automated tracking system as a
means of process control, streamlining operating procedures, and monitoring the
progress of priority review registrations.
Legal problems, such as the numerous FIFRA Section 3(cHl)(D) (data compen-
sation) law suits, which resulted in process inefficiencies, are being resolved
In favor of the Agency. This 1s clearing away confusion and uncertainty and
leading to reduced paperwork and less lost time in litigation support.
By completing testing guidelines, revising application procedures, and
having more frequent preappll cation conferences with registrants, the Agency
will increase the quality, and thereby reduce the number of industry resub-
missions, and improve the timeliness and consistency of Agency actions. The
final publication of labeling guidance 1n 1982 will substantially reduce the
uncertainty among registrants and increase label consistency.
New initiatives beginning In 1932 include deregulation of classes of
pesticides (such as pheromones used In traps) under Section 25 of FIFRA, extension
of efficacy data waivers, and cooperative monitoring of rodenticlde efficacy
with users (such as trade associations) instead of solely with Agency resources.
Continuing efforts will include providing farm safety information to Federal,
State, and local government agencies.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,224,600 and 183.5 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrease of 5557,500 and 34.8 permanent workyears. The reduction in
permanent workyears from 1982 to 1983 win be offset by deregulation (e.g.,
elimination of premarket review of distributor applications) and the use of
efficiencies introduced in 1982 in the administrative, technical, and scientific
processing of applications.
In 1983, the Agency expects to conduct 130 reviews of new chemicals and
bioratlonals, 6,000 reviews of registrations for new products containing old
chemicals Identical or similar to others already registered, and 18,000 amended
registration reviews. The decrease 1n outputs in 1983 from 1982 reflects a
reduction in the average number of reviews per chemical by streamlining the
application process and the elimination of the existing backlog.
For the first time, the registration process will benefit from information
gathered by the Agency and industry through the registration standards program.
This will result In resource savings to the industry and the Agency 1n preparing
and reviewing applications for those chemicals for which standards have been
developed. The Agency will continue to Improve labeling by requiring registrants
to correct faulty precautionary statements and to Incorporate guidance on hazards
associated with the use of pesticides. Acceptance of draft labels in Heu of
final labels and elimination of premarket review of distributor applications
will reduce the turnaround time for registration approvals. The Agency will
continue to seek ways to reduce worker exposure to pesticides through the use of
protective clothing, respirators, and closed systems apparatus and development
of worker reentry standards. The Agency will explore the possibility of extend-
ing efficacy waivers to hospital disinfectants and sterilants; this effort would
include asking trade and professional associations to take on the task of monitor-
ing efficacy. With successful Implementation of deregulation strategies and the
achievement of further efficiencies beyond those accomplished In previous years,
the Agency expects to reduce turnaround times and to eliminate backlogs 1n 1983.
P-28
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SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1981 Accompli shnients
In 1981, resources obligated on special registration activities totaled
$2,527,100, of which $2,254,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 5273,100 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1981, the Agency began using a priority review system and a tracking
system to increase its capability to process special registration applications
more efficiently. Increased use of informal communications with States and
industry to answer questions and obtain necessary additional data decreased
review time and saved resources. The Agency conducted 450 reviews of emergency
exemption requests to combat pest outbreaks, 434 reviews of experimental use
permits to allow data to be developed for support of future registrations, 109
reviews of temporary tolerance petitions to permit marketing of experimentally
treated crops, and 1,424 reviews of State registrations of pesticides distributed
and used only within the registering State to meet special local needs.
1982Explanation ofChanges from January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Ejtjmate Estimate Estimate
$2,335,700 $2,045,300 $1,993,000
The net decrease of -5342,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$290,400) This change represented a decrease of
$290,400 from the January budget, of which 5245,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $44,700 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
reduction primarily resulted from the transfer of the Northwest Biological
Investigations Station at Corvallis, Oregon to the U.S. Department of
Agriculture. The elimination of all Abatement, Control and Compliance funds
reflects the completion of contractual work which provided the necessary
data bases for future decisions.
- CongressionalI Action?. (-552,300) A reduction of -$52,300 was applied
to SalariesanUExpenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,993,000 and 53.2 permanent
workyears, all of which are in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In an effort to eliminate backlogs and reduce processing time, the Agency
expects to make major regulatory, programmatic, and procedural changes. With
emergency exemptions, the Agency will examine the possibility of accepting
multi-year exemption requests rather than repetitive one-year requests. For
experimental use permits, consideration will be given to Increasing allowed
acreage for testing purposes to eliminate the need for repetitive requests. The
process for reviewing State registrations for special local needs will be examined
to consider exempting some data requirements Imposed on States and allowing
State agencies to certify to the Agency the appropriateness of those registra-
tions that do not Involve food uses. The Agency expects to reduce oversight of
State responsibilities in the special local needs area and will be delegating
more authority to States to certify emergency situations. For all program
categories, the Agency will consider reducing reporting burdens and modifying
Initial screening processes to reduce processing times.
In 1982, the Agency will conduct 370 reviews of emergency exemption requests,
465 reviews of experimental use permits, 120 reviews of temporary tolerances,
and 1,040 reviews of State special local needs registrations.
P-29
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1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,227,700 and 57.8 permanent workyears, all of
which is In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount represents an
increase of 5234,700 and 4.6 permanent workyears to eliminate the backlog and to
ensure that statutory time limits are met.
In 1983, the Agency anticipates better and more timely responses as a result
of productivity improvements. All emergency exemption requests will be decided
prior to the time their use is required. Statutory time limits for experimental
use permits, temporary tolerance petitions, and special local needs registrations
will be met. Existing backlogs will be eliminated. The Agency expects to conduct
400 reviews of emergency exemptions, 490 reviews of experimental use permits,
140 reviews of temporary tolerance petitions, and 1,100 reviews of special local
needs registrations.
TOLERANCES
11981^ Accomplishments
In 1981, resources spent for the tolerance program totaled $2,134,900,
including $2,069,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 365,700 for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency conducted 371 reviews of tolerance petitions, Including final
action on 74 minor use petitions, and 73 reviews of inert ingredient requests.
Policy and procedural changes were published establishing tolerances for pesticide
residues in rotational and follow-up crops, meat, milk, and eggs and for other
indirect or inadvertent residues on raw agricultural commodities.
1982 Explanation of Changes fromJanuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
" Istimate Estimate - Estimate
$2,173,600 $2,164,700 $2,164,700
The net decrease of -58,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$8,900) This change represented a decrease of $8,900
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,164,700 and 56.7 permanent workyears
to this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Agency expects to conduct 345 reviews of tolerance petitions, including
action on approximately 75 minor use petitions, and 35 reviews of inert ingredient
requests. To reduce the processing time, prereglstrati on conferences with appli-
cants will be conducted to identify and resolve possible issues on petitions.
The Agency will fully utilize the policy of; reducing requirements for minor uses
of pesticides and begin using crop tolerance groupings of petitions to broaden
the applicability of tolerances. The priority review system will give emphasis
to decisions with statutory deadlines. Action will be initiated to adjust the
fee schedule for petitions so that fees charged fully cover the actual cost of
processing applications, as authorized under Section 408 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act. However, the Agency will continue to waive fees in
cases of economic hardship and/or public Interest (Federal or State agency re-
quests, important public health uses, innovative pesticide chemicals, and chem-
P-30
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icals/biorationals used in integrated pest management which result in reduced
chemical applications). Approximately 85 percent of the petitions will be pro-
cessed within statutory deadlines.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,390,200 and 62.4 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
amount represents an Increase of $225,500 and 5.7 permanent workyears which will
allow the Agency to eliminate the backlog and to process all tolerance petitions
within the statutory time limit.
Requested resources will permit 400 tolerance petition reviews, including
action on approximately 75 minor use petitions, and 35 reviews of Inert ingredient
requests. The Agency will eliminate the backlog of tolerance petitions and meet
the 120 day statutory time limit by the end of 1983. Most of the inert ingredient
requests and the minor use petitions will be processed within 90 days. Efficien-
cies will result from the Agency's full utilization of policies for crop group-
ings and minor uses. Clarification of data requirements through completed regis-
tration standards will reduce the number of reviews per petition necessary for
granting tolerance petitions.
P-31
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PESTICIDES
Standards Setting £ RPAR
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Registration
Standards
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
RPAR Reviews
Salaries fi Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
RPAR Kevlews-EIS
Preparation
Salaries & Expenses
$6,063.2 $5,406.4 $4,373.9 $4,107.6 $3,669.9
$8,115.3 $9,400.4 $6,100.1 $3,913.5 $4,180.1
$4,771.3 $5,695.7 .$5,172.0 $4,988.0 $4,470.9
$8,991.3 $14,873.7 $10,863.3 $7,055.3 $7,390.6
$125.8 $105.1 $105.1 $105.1
$105.4
-$417.7
$266.6
-$517.1
$335.3
$.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Standards Setting &
RPAR
TOTAL
$10,960.3 $11,207.2 $9,651.0 $9,200.7 $8,266.2 -$934.5
$17,106.6 $24,274.1 $16,963.4 $10,968.8 $11,570.7 $601.9
$28,066.9 $35,481.3 $26,614.4 $20,169.5 $19,836.9 -$332.6
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PESTICIDES
Standards Setting & RPAR
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1961 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 19B3 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Registration
Standards
RPAR Reviews
RPAR Revlews-EIS
Preparation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration
Standards
RPAR Reviews
RPAR Revlews-EIS
149.7 137.6
131.1 140.8
3.8 2.8
284.6 281 .2
162.7 150.8
137.7 147.7
3.9 2.8
116.6
131.8
2.8
2S1.2
128.8
137.7
2.8
103.4
101.4
2.8
207.6
108.2
105.7
2.8
93.3 -10.1
92.6 -8.8
3.0 .2
188.9 -18.7
99.6 -8.6
93.3 -12.4
3.0 .2
Preparation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
304.3
301.3
269.3
216.7
195.9 -20.8
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PESTICIDES
Standards Setting and Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,836,900 and 188.9 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $332,600 and 18.7 permanent workyears from 1982. Included in
this total is $8,266,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $11,570,700 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, a decrease of $934,500 and an increase of $601,900 respec-
tively. Efficiencies and other process changes (e.g., increased emphasis on
negotiating with registrants to avoid the time and expense of full RPAR reviews,
and shift from world-wide to specific literature searches in the standards program)
account for decreased salaries and expenses. Increased reliance on contractors
to obtain Information for the data base of these programs accounts for the increase
in abatement and control. This level of funding will provide for the continued
development of pesticide registration standards, which are a primary factor in
the improved efficiency of future pesticide registration and reregistration
activities. This budget will also permit the continuation of necessary intensive
risk/ benefit reviews -- through the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) process of pesticide chemicals suspected of causing "unreasonable
adverse effects" and implementation of risk reduction measures, as appropriate.
Integrated pest management activities will continue.
Program Description
The goal of this subactivity is providing the Agency with processes to re-
register currently registered pesticides and evaluate potentially hazardous
pesticides. The Registration Standards program was established to enable the
Agency to meet efficiently the mandate in Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to reregister currently registered pesti-
cides. The Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) program evaluates
pesticides which have an identified potential for producing significant adverse
health or environmental effects.
Registration Standards The principal goals of the program are to stream-
line reglstrati on and reregi stration actions and to update the decision data
base in accordance with current scientific standards and regulatory policy.
Many widely used pesticides were registered over 20 years ago and have
incomplete or invalid health data to support their registration. The chronic
health and environmental effects of pesticides result primarily from active
ingredients and, to a lesser extent, from some inerts. The Agency will concen-
trate its review on the most significant active and inert ingredients.
The development of a registration standard is divided into three phases:
(1) data gathering, (2) data evaluation, and (3) development and issuance of the
registration standard. Pesticide residue tolerances, established under authority
of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, are reviewed and respecified for
each of the food or animal crops to which the chemical is applied. The Agency
is pursuing opportunities to increase industry involvement in the standards
development process. This expanded Involvement will Include such activities
as industry cooperation in the preparation, of bibliographies, use profiles,
summaries of company-submitted studies, and development of draft standards.
Current litigation still challenges the constitutionality of basic FIFRA
data use and disclosure provisions. However, recent court decisions have largely
resolved the legal issues and endorsed the standards approach. This request is
based on the assumption that the final outcome of currently unresolved litigation
and new legislation being considered in the Congress will continue to be favorable
to the Agency.
P-34
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RPAR Reviews The RPAR process considers human and environmental exposures
and risks, reviews of the benefits of RPAR chemicals, reviews of the possible
substitutes for these chemicals, and assessments of the possible regulatory
options or other actions which would reduce risk and exposure. Such evaluations
result in the return of the chemical to the normal registration process if risk
concerns are not borne out by the review. In other cases, steps to restrict or
prohibit specific uses of the chemicals may be taken through Agency regulatory
actions or voluntarily by the manufacturers. Increased emphasis is being
placed on negotiating with registrants to obtain less adversarial solutions to
risks. This will avoid for all parties the time and expense of the full RPAR
process or adjudicatory hearings while achieving equivalent risk reduction.
RPAR Reviews - Environmental Impact Statement Prepa rat-ton The goal of
this program is the preparation of statements which delineate the impact on
humans and/or the environment due to exposure to a pesticide which will be used
or restricted through the RPAR process. Such statements are part of documenta-
tion leading to RPAR decisions.
REGISTRATION STANDARDS
1 98 1 Accompl i shments
In 1981, a total of S14.178.500 was obligated, including S6, 063, 200 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,115,300 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The extramural resources were for information
services and scientific data review contracts to support the development of
registration standards. These resources were used to gather and analyze chemical
data, to gather pesticide use information, to perform economic impact analyses
of various regulatory recommendations, to support toxicology and chemistry data
evaluations, to evaluate health effects, and to fund various pesticide monitoring
and integrated pest management projects.
In 1981, the emphasis was on standards production. Internal procedures and
productivity improvements developed in 1980 were implemented and 18 registration
standards were completed, for a cumulative total of 24. The Agency initiated a
data call-in program to obtain long-term chronic health data on chemicals for
which standards had not yet been started. Data call-in ensures that these
critical data will be available by the time standards are ready for development.
The Agency also Increased -involvement by registrants at several "key points in
the review process.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
514,806,800 $10,474,000 58,021.100
The net decrease of -56,785,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$4,332,800) This change represented a decrease of
54,312, 8" 00 from the January budget, of which 51,032,500 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $3,300,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
This resulted in a decrease of five completed registration standards
from the January budget and will stretch-out the program.
i (-$108,300) An Agency-wide reprogramming of -515,200
provivdearesources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogranming was included in the
letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
P-35
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During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net decrease of -$93,100.
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,344,600) A reduction of -$1,586,600 was
taken against the March estimate, reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation for extramural support.
This action will reduce registration standards produced from 16 to approxi-
mately 14.
An additional reduction of -$758,000 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
($158,000) and Abatement, Control, and Compliance ($600,000) appropriations
to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,021,100 and 103.4 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,107,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$3,913,500 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1982, the Agency will continue making productivity improvements by
using a more selective literature search, standardizing procedures and formats,
using existing reviews of data from previous registration actions, and using
high quality reviews from outside the Agency if they are available. Continued
emphasis will be placed on Increasing industry involvement in the standards
development process and will include such activities as industry cooperation in
preparation of bibliographies, use profiles, summaries of company-submitted
studies, and draft standards.
In 1982, a major management priority Is to develop the means for better
integrating registration standards Into the total pesticide regulatory system
and Unking completed standard reviews to subsequent registration requests on
the same chemical. A pilot project will be initiated on the development of
standards for new chemicals to determine whether a combined registration stan-
dard/new registration review is effective. Work will continue on the review
of chemicals in clusters so that chemicals that have the same major uses are
grouped together and reviewed in the same time period. The Agency has also
developed a ranking strategy to ensure review of the most significant clusters
early in the program. The criteria for ranking Involve such factors as volume,
potential hazard, and exposure to the chemicals. As required by FIFRA, the
ranking approach gives priority to pesticide chemicals with food uses. Equity
to manufacturers will also be considered to prevent competitive disadvantages
due to the failure to impose consistent and nearly simultaneous data requirements
on competing products.
A total of 14 registration standards are expected to be completed. The
emphasis in Integrated pest management activities will be on control of urban
pests. Monitoring activities will continue.
1983_ .Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7.870,000 and 93.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,689,900 is for the. Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,180,100 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $417,700 and an increase of $266,600, respectively.
Process efficiencies, such as a shift from world-wide to subject specific litera-
ture searches, account for decreased Salaries and Expenses. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance results in Increased reliance on contractors
to supplement data development for registration standards.
P-36
-------
These resources are expected to permit the completion of 15 standards,
and the rereglstrati on of some existing pesticides. Efficiencies implemented
in 1982, such as more effective literature searching, simplified formats, and
increased use of reviews performed by outside sources, will be fully operational.
The Agency will continue to pilot and implement additional efficiencies, such as
further interaction with registrants, acceleration of science review, reduction
of efficacy reviews through cooperation with user groups and Increased reliance
on the marketplace, further streamlining of standards documents, and reduction
of paperwork associated with the rereglstration process.
REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION AGAINST REGISTRATION (RPAR) REVIEWS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, a total of $13,762,600 was obligated, including $4,771,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 18,991,300 for the Abatement, Control
and Compllance appropriation. Extramural funds were for Information services,
site/pest information, use analysis, scientific exposure/hazard assessment, and
risk/benefit information.
In 1981, the Agency reached final resolutions on 11 chemicals, Including
three cases where companies voluntarily withdrew their chemicals from the market
after negotiation with the Agency. The negotiated voluntary withdrawals resulted
In resource savings for the Agency and the companies, while achieving significant
health and environmental benefits. Agency experience has shown that such chem-
icals can often be returned to the market, for at least some uses, under changed
use conditions which reduce risk. Support was provided for one cancellation
hearing which resulted from an RPAR decision.
The emphasis in the laboratory data audit program shifted to compliance
review so that labs were audited only as data problems arose. A total of four
lab data audits were performed and the results of the lab audit program were fed
back into the RPAR and the registration processes with a view toward Identifying
data gaps and the possible need for revised registration decisions.
The Industrial Biotest Laboratory (IBT) review program, developed to ensure
accurate and reliable testing procedures, validated 328 non-acute IBT studies,
and 35 chemicals completed the Regulatory Reassessment phase of the program.
The total number of chemicals that completed this phase of the program through
the end of 1981 was 58.
Agency activities initiated in earlier years concerning Sllvex disposal
were continued. Almost all solid forms of the pesticide were disposed of
through Agency contracts issued in earlier years. Additional contracts were
issued In 1981 to begin disposal of liquid forms of the pesticide.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$20,569,400 $16,035,300 $12,043,300
The net decrease of -$8,526,100 results from several actions, as follows:
" January -March. (-$4,534,100) This change represented a decrease of
S4,534,iQO fromthe January budget, of which $523,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $4,010,400 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
decrease was accomplished by reducing lower priority equipment purchases,
consulting services, and travel as well as contracts providing additional
exposure analysis, benefit analysis, and other risk/benefit analysis.
P-37
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Reprogramiiing. (-$243,300) An Agency-wide reprogramming of -$126,500
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional
resources for the Imnediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprograttmring was included in the
letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammi ngs, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net decrease of -5116,800.
- Congressional Actions. (-$3,748,700) A reduction of -$2,683,000 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will
cause the outputs of pre-RPAR decisions (PD-1) to be reduced from two to
one and the proposed RPAR decisions completed (PD-2/3) will be reduced from
three to two.
An additional reduction of -$1,065,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($390,700) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($675,000) appro-
priation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$450,000 to Abatement, Control, and Compliance
and an increase of +$450,000 to Salaries and Expenses for critical salary
needs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,043,300 and 101.4 permanent
workyears to the program, of which $4,988,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$7,055,300 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Emphasis is being placed on completing final resolutions for those chemicals
that have been in the RPAR process for several years. New reviews will be initi-
ated principally as a result of registration standards development. Final resol-
utions are projected on 10 chemicals. The Agency will reduce the number of
adjudicatory hearings through increased negotiation during the RPAR process. In
light of the refinements In the RPAR program over the past six years and statu-
tory changes in FIFRA enacted by the 1978 and 1980 Amendments, the Agency will
also revise the criteria for issuing RPAR decisions. The purpose will be to
take Into account risk and the reliability and completeness of the scientific
data base. Additionally, the proposed criteria will require that the potential
for exposure to man or non-target organisms be evaluated prior to the initiation
of an RPAR. Peer review of major scientific studies, as required by the 1980
Amendments to FIFRA, will be required of all Agency-sponsored scientific studies
on which the Agency relies to support a finding that a pesticide meets one or
more of the RPAR criteria.
An increase to a total of 10 laboratory data audits Is projected. Support
will be provided for hearings resulting from RPAR decisions. Silvex disposal
activities will concentrate on the disposal of liquid forms of the pesticide.
The validation review of 210 non-acute IBT studies and 149 chemicals will be
completed, thus ending the IBT review program. ATI sponsors of IBT studies will
be notified of the results of the program review.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,861,500 and 92.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,470,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,390,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $517,100 and an increase- of $335,300 respectively.
P-38
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Revamping the RPAR process to preclude use of the full formal process, unless
all other options (e.g., voluntary actions by the manufacturer) have been exhaust-
ed, accounts for the decrease in Salaries and Expenses. At the same time, there
will be increased reliance on contractors to obtain data on the economic and
technological aspects of regulatory options.
Final resolutions are expected for approximately six chemicals. These
chemicals represent the last of those identified as RPAR candidates during the
early 1970's. New candidates for review will come primarily from the registration
standards program. More emphasis will be placed on industry negotiations and
voluntary Industry action. Early notification to registrants of the grounds
for issuance of prospective decisions will give them a greater opportunity to
negotiate with the Agency to determine whether additional data could reduce
Agency concerns or whether voluntary actions could reduce exposure to a level at
which unreasonable risk does not exist. This approach is expected to result in
simpler, more focused RPAR documents for those remaining problems for which a
formal process is necessary. The Agency will consider a wide range of feasible
regulatory options before resorting to cancellation, thereby decreasing the
frequency of administrative hearings. The process will continue to rely on
contractors to supplement Agency workyears where necessary, Including the develop-
ment of preliminary risk assessments by contract.
Technical support is estimated to be required for one hearing resulting
from RPAR decisions. A total of 18 laboratory data audits are projected.
Laboratories will be audited only as problems are identified. Urban Integrated
pest management activities will be funded by this program beginning in 1983. In
1982, and prior years, Integrated pest management activities were funded in the
registration standards program.
RPAR REVIEWS-EMVIRQNMENTAL IMPACT^STATEMENT PREPARATION
1981 AccoCTp 11 shtnents
In 1981, the Agency obligated $125,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These activities included the preparation of statements which deline-
ate the impact on humans and/or the environment due to the exposure to a chemical
which will be allowed for full use or restricted through the RPAR process.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$105,100 $105,100 $105,100
These is no change to this activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $105,100 and 2.8 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Activities for 1982 are basically the same as those conducted in 1981.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $105,400 and 3.0 permanent workyears, all of
which is In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Activities planned in 1983
are basically the same as those conducted in 1981.
P-39
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PESTICIDES
Federal And State Program Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Use
Management
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
$633.3 $540.9 $456.1 $513.7
$64.4 $50.8
-$513.7
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Federal And State
Program Support
TOTAL
$633.3 $540.9 $456.1 $513.7
$64.4
$697.7 $591.7 $456.1 $513.7
-$513.7
-$513.7
PERMANENT FULL-TIf WORKYEARS
Pesticides Use
Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
16.0
16.0
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
13.0
13.0
-13.0
-13.0
-------
PESTICIDES
Federal And State Program Support
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 19fl3 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Use
Management
17.1
16.0
16.0
14.9
-14.9
TOTAL HORKYEARS
17-.1
16.0
16.0
14.9
-14.9
-------
PESTICIDES
Federal and State Program Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds or permanent workyears for 1983. By the end
of 1982, the pesticide use management program activities will be integrated into
other pesticide programs. This will enable direct consultation between Agency
headquarters technical specialists (who have intimate, firsthand knowledge of
pesticide regulatory policies, processes, and actions) and State and local
officials, pesticide producers, and pesticide users. This will expedite the
exchange of information, advice, and assistance on matters of concern to the
pesticide community.
Program Descr i pti on
This program includes consultation and the exchange of information and
technical advice between the Agency and Federal, State, and local officials with
Interests in pesticide regulation, as well as assistance to pesticide users,
pesticide producers, and the general public to promote compliance with pesticide
regulations and safe use practices.
PESTICIDE USE MANAGEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, a total of $697,700 was obligated, including $633,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $64,400 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program provided Regional offices with program
documentation and guidance on Agency programs and policies regarding pesticide
registration, regulatory requirements, and pesticide Incidents requiring Agency
technical expertise. Information and referral services were provided to Federal,
State, and local agencies; trade organizations; poison control centers; hospitals;
physicians; and worker clinics in dealing with pesticide problems.
1982 Expl anation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$591,700 $456,100 $513,700
The net decrease of -$78,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. ($135,600) This request represented a decrease of
5135,500 from the January budget, of which $84,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses, and 550,800 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The de-
crease In Salaries and Expenses will be accomplished by a reduction In lower
priority travel, consultant services, and printing. The decrease in Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance will be accomplished by the elimination of some
support to the promotion of integrated pest management and farm safety activi-
ties, This support can be adequately furnished by in-house capabilities at
Agency headquarters.
(+$59,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi scelYaheous reprogrammlngs, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$59,900.
- Congressi onal Actions . (-$3,100) A reduction of -$3,100 was applied to
the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated
appropriation levels.
P-42
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- Transfer Authority. (+$800) The net increase applied to this activity
Includesan increase of +$800 to Salaries and Expenses for essential oper-
ating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $513,700 and 13.0 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Activities planned for 1982 are basically similar to those conducted in 1981.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds or permanent workyears for 1983. By the end of
1982, the pesticide use management program activities will be Integrated into
other functional programs to ensure that States and other interested parties can
still be served efficiently and effectively.
P-43
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides
Enforcement
Salaries £ Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Pesticides
Enforcement Grants
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control I
Compllance
Pesticides
Certification &
Training
Abatement Control £
Compliance
$3,949.0 $4,902.7 $4,454.5 $4,282.1 $3,670.1 -$612.0
$61.8 $61.6 $61.6 $49.7 $45.3 -$4.4
$8,013.5 $8,701.9 $8,701.9 $8,701.9 $6,918.4 -$1,783.5
$2,951.8 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $2,000.0 -$SOO.O
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL
$3,949.0 $4,902.7 $4,454.5 $4,282.1 $3,670.1 -$612.0
$11,027.1 $11,263.5 $11,263.5 $11,251.6 $8,963.7 -$2,287.9
$14,976.1 $16,166.2 $15,718.0 $15,533.7 $12,633.8 -$2,899.9
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Pesticides
Enforcement
TJ
*; TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Pesticides
Enforcement
114.2 135.5 125.3 116.2 96.6 -19.6
114.2 135.5 125.3 116.2 96.6 -19.6
126.3 151.0 138.4 128.9 104.7 -24.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS 126.3 151.0 138.4 128.9 104.7 -24.2
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,633,800 and 96.6 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $2,899,900 and 19.6 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is 53,670,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,963,700 for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, with a decrease
of 5612,000 and $2,287,900 respectively. The reduction reflects a shift in
emphasis from Federal to State enforcement and a transfer of legal activities to
the new Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
Program Description
This activity includes monitoring the pesticide industry including pro-
ducers, distributers and users for compliance with the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); providing compliance assistance to the
regulated community; and preparing and issuing, where compliance first cannot be
gained by other means, notices of violation and administrative orders. Also
involved in this activity is the management and funding of State cooperative
enforcement agreements and State certification and training programs. As a
result of Federal/State agreements, the program is conducted largely by coopera-
ting State agencies.
Pesticides Enforcement The EPA pesticides enforcement program covers
approximately lo,QOQ fTrms involved in the production of pesticides sold and
distributed in the United States and millions of persons using those pesticides.
The program emphasizes gaining compliance by the pesticide Industry and users
with registration, classification, and labeling requirements.
The pesticide enforcement program will prepare and issue notices of viola-
tions and administrative orders in Instances where compliance by other means
first cannot be achieved. Also, the enforcement program will assist and support
the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) in the development of civil
and criminal referrals.
The EPA pesticide enforcement program also provides compliance assistance
to the agricultural chemicals Industry, commercial and private applicators, user
groups, and States to help them gain product registrations, special local need
registrations, emergency exemptions and to understand and meet their obligations
under FIFRA.
In addition, EPA is striving to ensure that State governments participate
to the maximum extent in the national pesticides compliance program. The Agency
has worked with the States to implement cooperative Federal/State programs,
particularly in establishing cooperative grants, and applicator certification
and training programs. With State participation, the breadth and effectiveness
of the compliance programs have been greatly enhanced, the control over the use
of pesticides has improved, and increased responsiveness to local needs has been
realized. To this end, EPA provides oversight and management to cooperative
grants-in-aid and State certification and training programs.
Pesticide Enforcement Grants Pesticide enforcement grants, funded by
EPA, provide for the bulk of pesticide compliance monitoring activities in the
United States. Under the terms of these cooperative agreements, States Inspect
pesticide producer establishments; provide marketplace surveillance; Investigate
pesticide use, misuse, and field reentry questions. The agreements also fund
States in surveying pesticide imports, inspecting pesticide dealer records and
reviewing commercial applicator records.
P-46
-------
Pesticides Certification and Training Pesticides certification and train-
ing insures that highly toxic, restricted use pesticides are handled, applied,
and stored only by competent, trained applicators. The Agency provides funds
which are split equally between the training program and the certification pro-
gram. Funds for training applicators are transferred to the U.S. Department
of Agriculture for distribution to State Cooperative Extension Services. Certifi-
cation funds are distributed through grants to designated State agencies. Funds
are used by the States for certification activities, such as developing and
grading exams, Issuing credentials, monitoring training, and keeping records of
certified applicators. EPA also provides funding for Federal certification and
training programs in Colorado and Nebraska, two States that have elected not to
conduct their own certification and training programs.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, resources obligated were $4,010,800, of which $3,949,000 was for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $61,800 was for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract funds were used to develop a
compliance manual, to evaluate the effectiveness of the State grant program, to
train for the laboratory inspection program, and for ADP support to store annual
pesticide production data as required under Section 7 of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
During 1981, the EPA federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the
following: 287 Inspections of pesticide producing establishments; 485 use and
reentry inspections; 241 inspections at ports of entry; 291 marketplace inspec-
tions; and 4 laboratory inspection audits. As a result of these and States'
efforts, the Agency issued 154 administrative orders for product/producer use
violations. Notices of Judgment were also published by the Agency detailing the
legal disposition of those administrative orders and criminal actions instituted
under FIFRA.
EPA also provided management and oversight to 51 cooperative agreements and
52 State certification and training programs. Training of State personnel, as
part of these cooperative agreements, was provided to inspectors, chemists, and
case preparation officers.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
54,424,200 $4,226,000 $4,331,800
The net decrease of -$92,400 results from several actions, as follows:
-March. (-$114,800) This change represented a decrease of
"
5114,800 from lie" January budget, a.ll of which was for Salaries and
Expenses.
~ Reorganization. (-$83,400) These resources were moved to Technical
Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (National Enforcement
Investigation Center - NEICK The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so
that their resources could be more readily identified and, (b) organiza-
tionally, the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an Agency restructuring,
these resources were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under
one program element. This reflects the consolidation of these similar
activities providing quick technical response in emergency situations.
P-47
-------
" ^strnicturing. (+$290,100) This restructuring transferred support
resources from1" pesticides grants Into this program to consolidate the
support resources of the functionally-related activities for pesticides
certification and training and pesticides enforcement grants.
~ Deprogramming. (-$2,700) An Agency-wide reprogramiiiing of -$62,600
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided
additional resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Admin-
istrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogramming
was included in the letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net increase of +$59,900.
- Congressional Actions. (-$198,800) A reduction of -$11,900 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 1.2% reduction to the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will
result in a postponement in completing either the Policy or the Case
Decision Compendia. In addition, contractor assistance in developing,
formatting and printing the inspection and Case Development manuals will
be reduced.
An additional reduction of -$186,900 was applied to the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$17,200) The net increase applied to this
activity 1 ncltitles' an increase of +$17,200 to Salaries and Expenses to cover
essential operating costs,
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,331,800 and 116.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,282,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and
349,700 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. Contract funds will be used for updating the compliance manual,
specialized compliance monitoring, and for ADP support to store annual pesticide
production data.
The first priority of the pesticides enforcement program is developing and
enhancing the cooperative programs between EPA and the States. To further this
end, the Agency continues to manage 57 cooperative enforcement agreements and
54 State certification and training programs. Training of State personnel also
continues. Federal compliance monitoring activities in those States not partic-
ipating in the grant program and in those States with problems which the State
cannot adequately address Include 485 use, reentry, and experimental use inspec-
tions. Product and producer compliance activities conducted by EPA include 287
establishment inspections, 291 marketplace inspections, 12 laboratory inspection
audits, and 200 inspections at ports of entry. EPA efforts also include preparing
and issuing notices of violations and administrative orders.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,715,400 and 96.6 permanent workyears for
this program, for which $3,670,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $45,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The total
reflects an overall decrease of $616,400. This decrease in federal resources
reflects increased participation by States, Territories and Indian Tribes in the
cooperative grant program.
In 1983, the first priority of the pesticides enforcement program will be
p-48
-------
continued cooperation with States. Emphasis will also be placed upon achieving
compliance with pesticide use and application rules and upon enhancement of
overall compliance with FIFRA through cooperative agreements. As a consequence
of this enhanced State role In the overall program, the primary Federal role
will continue to be In program management and training. The enforcement program
will include the oversight of State cooperative agreements and applicator cer-
tification and training programs, administration of Federal applicator certifi-
cation and training programs in Colorado and Nebraska, and administration of
certification and training programs among Indian Tribes.
In addition, the pesticide enforcement program is committed to provide
compliance assistance to: the agricultural chemical Industry; commercial and
private applicators; user groups; and States to assist them in obtaining product
registrations, experimental use permits, special local need registrations, emer-
gency exemptions, and to understand and meet their obligations under FIFRA. The
program will continue to provide technical assistance to major pest eradication
programs, such as the widespread treatment for gypsy moths and spruce budworm on
public lands.
EPA user compliance activities in those States with problems which the State
cannot adequately address will include 121 use, reentry, and experimental use
inspections. Product and producer compliance activities conducted by EPA will
include 72 establishment inspections, 73 marketplace inspections, 40 lab audits,
and 80 inspections at ports of entry. The reductions in Federal compliance
monitoring reflects a shift in emphasis to compliance assistance for the regu-
lated community. Providing assistance should help preclude the need for future
enforcement activity in most instances. The pesticide enforcement program will
also prepare and issue notices of violation and administrative orders, with the
concurrence of the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC). In addition,
the program will assist and support OLEC in the development of those civil and
criminal referrals as warranted.
PESTICIDEENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $8,013,500, all of which 1s under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for cooperative agreements with 51 States
and Territories* This funding provides resources for States to conduct: 2,538
establishment inspections; 10,436 use and reentry inspections; 7,171 marketplace
inspections; 10,928 applicator license and record inspections; and 6,937 dealer
record inspections.
1982 Explanation of ChangesfromJanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,242,000 $8,992,000 $8,701,900
The net decrease of -$540,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$52,700) This change represented a decrease of
$52,700 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
- Reorgani zation. (-$197,300) These resources were moved to Technical
Support - Office of Legal Enforcement Counsel (National Enforcement Inves-
tigation Center - NEIC). The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so
that their resources could be more readily identified and, (b) organiza-
tionally, the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an Agency restructuring,
these resources were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under
P-49
-------
one program element. This reflects the consolidation of these similar
activities providing "quick technical response in emergency situations.
" Restructuring. (-5290,100) This restructuring will transfer resources to
the Pesticides Enforcement program to combine the support of the pesticides
enforcement grants under the same structure as the support of pesticides
certification and training grants. This consolidation of these functional"
ly related resources will provide for better management and accountfbility
of these related activities.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $3,701,900, all of which is under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, for cooperative enforcement
grants with 57 States and Territories. In 1982, these agreements stress compli-
ance with pesticide use and application regulations, and improvement of State
program priority-setting methodologies. As in previous years, the pesticides
enforcement program will foster user compliance with label directions and manu-
facturer adherence to product formulation requirements under FIFRA. With this
level of funding, States will conduct 2,766 pesticide producer establishment
inspections; 11,375 use and reentry investigations; 7816 marketplace inspections;
11,912 applicator license and record inspections; and 7,561 dealer record
Inspections.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,913,400, all of which is for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a decrease of $1,783,500.
While this decrease will result in the reduction in the total amount of compli-
ance monitoring activity, improvements in State priority setting will direct
available resources toward those aspects of pesticide use that have been asso-
ciated with the greatest harm to public health or the environment.
As part of the 57 cooperative enforcement agreements, States and Territories
will determine their own local program priorities and use the resources provided
to act upon these priorities. State compliance monitoring activities will include
2,213 pesticide producer establishment and 6,253 marketplace inspections; 9,100
use and reentry investigations; 9,530 applicator license and record inspections;
and 6,049 dealer record inspections.
PESTICIDES _CERTIFICATION AND .TRAINIMG
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, resources obligated were $2,951,800, all of which is under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, for funding certification and
training programs in 52 States and Territories. In addition, resources funded
Federal programs in Colorado and Nebraska. These funds will support the certif-
ication and training of applicators of restricted use pesticides.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,500,000 $2,500,000 $2,500,000
The following actions resulted in no change to this program activity.
- Congressional Actions. (--$1,050,000) A reduction of -$1,050,000 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. Congress subsequently
added back +$1,050,000 to this activity as part of the final action on our
1982 Appropriations Bill.
P-50
-------
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $2,500,000, all for the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation, for certification and training programs with
54 States and Territories. In addition, these funds support Federal certifi-
cation and training programs in Colorado and Nebraska. These funds will continue
to support certification and training 1n the application of highly toxic, re-
stricted use pesticides.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,000,000 for this program, all of which is
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The program will sup-
port 55 applicator certification and training programs in States and Territories
and Federally run programs in Colorado and Nebraska. This is a decrease of
5500,000 to be taken equally between the certification and training programs.
States will be encouraged to raise or implement fees to offset the decrease in
Federal spending. In addition, EPA will assist States in designing improved
training materials.
P-51
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
RADIATION
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 1
Compliance
Research 8 Development
TOTAL, Radiation
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Nonlonlzlng Radiation
Non-Energy
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
RESEARCH » DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
$8,694.0
$4,834.1
$700.5
$14,228.6
187.3
218.4
$12,998.3
$3,181.0
$1,676.1
$700.5
$1,676.1
$700.5
$2,376.6
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
{DOLLARS
$11,407.7
$4,737.2
$825.0
$16,969.9
206.0
241.6
$17,082.0
$2,329.3
$825.0
$2,329.3
$825.0
$3,154.3
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
IN THOUSANDS)
$9,794.2
$2,322.9
$770.7
$12,887.8
160.0
191.4
$15,705.0
$2,211.7
$770.7
$2,211.7
$770.7
$2,982.4
$8,291.1
$1,394.7
$692.9
$10,378.7
149.3
178.6
$11,424.0
$1,852.3
$692.9
$1,852.3
$692.9
$2,545.2
$7,917.8
$2,195.7
$237.6
$10,351.1
135.1
159.9
$11,147.0
$1,348.8
$237.6
$1,348.8
$237.6
$1,586.4
-$373.3
$801.0
-$455.3
-$27.6
-14.2
-18.7
-$277.0
-$503.5
-$455.3
-$503.5
-$455.3
-$958.8
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Policy
Council
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
Radiation Criteria,
Standards S Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compl lance
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Radiation
Environmental Impact Assessment
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compl 1 ance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
ACTUAL
1981
$281,7
$2,209.7
$3,334.9
$601.4
$3,925,1
$1,499.2
$7,017.9
$4,834.1
JANUARY
ESTIHATE
1982
(DOLLARS
$488,9
$492.0
$3,359.4
$3,425.4
$596.3
$4,633.8
$819.8
$9,078.4
$4,737.2
MARCH
ESTIHATE
1982
IN THOUSANDS)
$3,017.4
$1,563.6
$596.3
$3,968.8
$759.3
$7,582.5
$2,322.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
$2,515.9
$1,044.7
$580.0
$3,342.9
$350.0
$6,438.8
$1.394.7
ESTIMATE
1983
$3,167.8
$1,595.7
$628.6
$2,772.6
$600.0
$6,569.0
$2,195.7
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
$651.9
$551.0
$48.6
-$570.3
$250.0
$130.2
$801.0
Compliance
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
TOTAL $11,852.0 $13,815.6 $9,905.4 $7,833.5 $8,764.7
$931.2
-------
RADIATION
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Nonlonlzfng Radiation '
Non-Energy
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Radiation Policy
Council
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Radiation Program
Implementation
Radiation
Environmental Impact
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Nonlonlzlng Radiation
Non-Energy
RESEARCH « DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Radiation Policy
ACTUAL
1981
34,5
34.5
1.9
44.6
13.4
92.9
152.8
40.3
40.3
4.3
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
31.2
31.2
9.0
66.0
14.8
85.0
174.8
37.0
37.0
12.0
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
28.0 22.2 21.0 -1.2
28.0 22.2 21.0 -1.2
55.2 53.2 55.2 2.0
14.8 13.9 10.0 -3.9
62.0 60.0 48.9 -11.1
132.0 127.1 114.1 -13.0
33.8 28.0 25.4 -2.6
33.8 28.0 25.4 -2.6
Council
-------
RADIATION
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Radiation Program
Implementation
Radiation
Environmental Impact
ABATEMENT & CONTROL TOTAL
52.5
15.3
106.0
178.1
79.0
16.6
97.0
204.6
67.0
16.6
74.0
157.6
64.0
15.6
71.0
150.6
65.4
11.1
58.0
134.5
1.4
-4.5
-13.0
-16.1
-------
RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse
effects of radiation exposure derives from (1) the Federal guidance and general
environmental standard authorities under the Atomic Energy Act, transferred to
EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; (2) the Clean A1r Act Amendments of 1977
which provide authority to regulate radioactive air pollutants through the
Act's standard setting authorities; (3) the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) which
charge EPA with providing standards for protection from waste materials with
radioactive content; and (4) other authorities contained 1n the Federal Mater
Pollution Control Act, the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act, the
Safe Drink-Ing Water Act, the Public Health Service Act, and the National Environ-
mental Policy Act.
These legislative authorities generally prescribe an environmental assess-
ment, technology assessment, and standard setting role for EPA. In some cases
enforcement responsibilities are given to other agencies, notably the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission. In these Instances EPA performs some oversight functions
to Insure that established standards and guidance are Implemented.
Efforts have been Initiated 1n 1981 and 1982 to significantly sharpen the
focus of the EPA radiation regulatory program. This effort has resulted 1n the
deferral of lower priority actions to provide for the full concentration of
staff and resources on areas of highest priority. High priorities have been
given to activities associated with radioactive waste management, activities
mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1977, and the provision of Federal guidance for
general occupation exposure and for nonionizing radiation.
EPA's 1982 and 1983 effort on radioactive waste will Include the proposal
and promulgation of standards for high level waste, the proposal of standards to
address low level waste, completion of standards for uranium mill tailings, and
work on ocean disposal for special classes of wastes.
Clean Air Act related work has been concentrated on characterizing the
hazards of airborne radlonuclldes and the establishment of regulatory priorities.
In 1983 we expect to propose standards for one class of sources emitting radlo-
nuclldes to the ambient air.
EPA's radiation research and development program stresses the Identification
and evaluation of health effects of chronic low-level exposures to nonionizing
radiation. This research serves to fill gaps in Federal research on nonionizing
radiation (NIR) and Is in support of establishment of Federal guidance in this
area. Health risks will be addressed by establishing dose-response and threshold
data 1n animal model systems. This effort is aimed at Improving the understanding
of Interaction of NIR with biological systems. A second major component of EPA
radiation research activities is a monitoring program which assesses population
exposure to off-site releases associated with operation of nuclear test sites.
The EPA radiation research budget will also provide quality assurance for radio-
chemical analysis.
R-5
-------
RADIATION
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Radiation Program $10,378.7
Salaries and Expenses -373.3
The net decrease reflects personnel reductions
associated with the consolidation of EIS activi-
ties in the Interdisciplinary and program and
completion of some health effects studies in
1982, partially offset by an increase in radia-
tion standards setting activities.
Research and Development . -455.3
The net decrease reflects completion of some
health effects studies in 1982.
Abatement, Control and Compliance +801.0
The net increase reflects activities associated
with the analysis, development, and environ-
mental sampling required for standards setting.
1983 Radiation Program. , $10,351.1
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY;J982 BUDGET^ ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate 516,969.9
January-March... -4,082.1
Reprogrammings , +18.3
Congressional Actions -2,528.1
A decrease of $520.200 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance was taken against the March est-
imate to reflect the September 12% reduction.
An additional reduction of $2,007,900 was app-
lied to the Salaries and Expenses (SI.827,900),
and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($180,000)
apprlations to meet Congressional ly mandated
appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority +.7
A net increase of $700 was transferred to this
program as follows: $228,000 was transferred
from Abatement, Control and Compliance; 577,800
was transferred from Research and Development;
and $306,500 was transferred to Salaries and
Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate ».. $10,378.7
R-6
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
RADIATION
Nonlonlzlng Radiation Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information
ft Liaison
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Monitoring Systems *
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Health Effects
Salaries S Expenses
Research ft Development
$62.4
$152.3
$76.8
$71.2
$1.7
$92.6
$15.7
$63.7
$1.7
$92.3
$15.4
$55.9
$92.3
$15.4
$10.7 -$45.2
$174.6
$16.7
$1,461.4 $2,165.5 $2,055.7 $1,704.1 $1,163.5
$623.7 $807.6 $753.6 $677.5 $220.9
$82.3
$1.3
-$540.6
-$456.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Nonionlzlng Radiation TOTAL
Non-Energy
$1,676.1 $2,329.3 $2,211.7 $1,852.3 $1,348.8 -$503.5
$700.5 $825.0 $770.7 $692.9 $237.6 -$455.3
$2,376.6 $3,154.3 $2,982.4 $2,545.2 $1,586.4 -$958.8
-------
50
oo
RADIATION
Nonlon1z1ng Radiation Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME MOWCYEARS
Technical Information
A Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WQBCYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Information
8 Liaison
Monitoring Systems £
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.6
2.9
31.0
34.5
1.2
3.3
35.8
40.3
.3 .3
2.8 2.8
28.1 24.9
31.2 28.0
.6 .6
2.8 2.8
33.6 30.4
37.0 33.8
.3
2.0
19.9
22.2
.6
2.0
25.4
28.0
-.3
5.0 3.0
16.0 -3.9
21.0 -1.2
-.6
5.0 3.0
20.4 -5.0
25.4 -2.6
-------
RADIATION
Non-Ionizing Radiation Non-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,586,400 and 21.0 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $958,800 and 1.2 permanent workyears from 1982. Included in
this total Is $1,348,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $237,600 for Research and
Development, a decrease of $503,500, and $455,300, respectively. This decrease
results from a phasedown of health effects research due to the completion of
some studies in 1982.
Program Description
The overall program endeavors to support the production of the Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance by expanding knowledge of the health effects and
health risks associated with non-ionizing radiation (NIR). The program will
focus on establishing biophysical interactions and mechanisms of action and on
developing models to predict and interpret the significance of non-ionizing
radiation deposition for humans. Also, the program contains a monitoring and
quality assurance component to provide support for nuclear test program require-
ments and a radiocheraical quality assurance program.
TECHNICAL INFORMATIONAND LIAISON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those Techni-
cal Information and Liaison activities that are common to all Research and
Development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget sub-activ-
ity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $62,400 for this program, all of which
was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
for 1981, specific products in this program included the Annual Report to
DOD on Off-Site Radiation Safety for Nuclear Testing, and a KWIC Index Biblio-
graphy of the World's Literature on the Health Effects of MIR.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
$72,900
March
Estimate
$65.400
Current
Estimate
$55,900
The net decrease of -$17,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March- (-$7,500) This change represented a decrease of $7,500
from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses, This de-
crease resulted in a fewer number of technical Information publications that
will be prepared and disseminated.
- Congressional Actions. (-$9,500) An additional reduction of -$9,500 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
Is made up of a decrease of -$1,700 to Research and Development and an
Increase of +$1,700 to Salaries and Expenses. The reductions are minimal
and represent lower than anticipated costs. The Salaries and Expenses in-
crease will cover essential operating costs,
R-9
-------
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $55,900, and .3 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which 1s under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Specific accomplishments In the area of radiation Included a research
report on the Biological Effects of Radiofrequency, and the Annual Report to DOD
on Off-Site Radiation Safety for Nuclear Testing.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,700 and no permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $45,200, resulting from a decision to reduce Information
dissemination and liaison support.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical Information to State and local officials 1n support of
their Increased role 1n administering environmental programs.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND DUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $229,100 for this program, of which
$152,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $76,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The monitoring program has two primary focuses. The first Is to conduct
a racUochenrical analytical quality assurance program 1n support of Federal,
Regional, State and local laboratories which assess radionuclide activities 1n
air, water, milk and food as a result of nuclear facility activities. The second
focus 1s the operation of a comprehensive off-site radiological surveillance
program at the Nevada Test Site to support the on-site nuclear testing activities
of the Department of Energy (DOE). This second function 1s operated under a
Memorandum of Understanding with the DOE.
The 1981 Monitoring and Quality Assurance program In radiation Included
the following:
- An Integrated method for measurements of six actinides 1n water was
evaluated, single laboratory tested and the final report prepared. This
provides a valuable tool for radionuclide measurement for the analysis of
samples of water, urine, milk etc.
- Seventeen laboratory Intercomparison studies were conducted. Partici-
pating laboratories Included national. International, private, State and
local government laboratories. An annual summary report on the program
was Issued.
- In the repository program, 300 radlonucllde standards were distributed
to Federal, State, and local laboratories. The integrity of the standards
is insured by a traceabillty program with the National Bureau of Standards.
An annual report was prepared on laboratory certification.
- The activities of the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site and
other nuclear sites were supported with an extensive off-site monitoring
program.
R-10
-------
Explanation of Changes^ from January Budget Estimate
- Congressional Act
was applied to' Sail
appropriation levels
- Transfer Author11
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
1s made" "tip of a dec
crease of +$76,100 t
)82 Program
In 1982, the Agency
irkyears to this progran
iproprlation and $677,5
ivelopment appropriation
The objectives of i
slationshlps of bioeffe
iposure and the most s<
le Interactions of radl
t) determine the relat!
i) determine the influefl
frequency modulation c
id Improve thermophysiol
') develop and test systj
! projects supporting s
iterial,
Since nonionlzing r<
inverted to heat, effec
id testes must be inves
owth and developmental]
ing evaluated. A study
i moderate levels of 245J
i male mice. Research
i utero to 2450 MHz wlf
tverses as the animals ijj
Behavioral and neur
Soviet and East Euro;
ils "microwave worker
Ited States researcher
ea, test animals are e
food and water consu
id performance on learn
anlnations of nervous
project 1s underway ti
stology, especially in
stnatal life.
Another area of re:
nionlzing radiation in
raponents of biological
e capability (1) to p
entify and direct nee
perlments. Subjects u
on, frequency specific
stems, and effects on 1
electrical potential.;
DosimetHc research!
ques for predicting
e ex'
$108,300 $107,700 $107,700
The net decrease of -5600 results from the following action:
- January - March. (-$600) This change represented a decrease of $600
from the January budget, of which $300 was for Salaries and Expenses and
$300 was for Research and Development. This decrease resulted 1n a small
reduction in the radiation quality assurance program for radlonuclide
measurement in various media.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $107,700 and 2.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $92,300 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $15,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
This program provides a quality assurance program to document the precision
and accuracy of radiation monitoring for surveillance of existing regulations.
This program has a national scope in providing expertise to Regional, State,
local and independent laboratories. Nine laboratory studies are planned for
completion in 1982.
Other work includes supporting the activities of the Department of Energy
at the Nevada Test Site and other nuclear test sites with an extensive off-
site monitoring program, and continuing the standards and reference materials
program, including the traceabiHty studies to the National Bureau of Standards.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $191,300 and 5.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $174,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $16,700 is for Research
and Development. This reflects increases of $82,300, and $1,300, respectively,
which results from a decision to strengthen the radlochemlcal quality assurance
program.
The laboratory Intercomparison studies will continue with approximately
200 Federal, State, university, and private monitoring laboratories at an
Increased level. This 1s an essential part of the radioactivity monitoring
program with traceabllity provided to the National Bureau of Standards.
The off-site program of the Nevada Test Site and other nuclear sites will
be continued at the request of the Department of Energy. Testing is an Icipated
at the same or higher rate as 1982.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,085,100 for this program, of which
$1,461,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $623.700
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The function of the health effects program 1s to generate scientific data
which support the Office of Radiation Program's efforts to produce Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance for Controlling Public Exposure to Radio Waves,
Including Microwaves. Specifically, the program develops information on the
R-ll
-------
jalth effects and actual
ide range of non-ionizi
wironment.
Examples of the type
ograra 1n 1981, to carry
- Identified and cha
Ionizing radiation <
leal Investigations
- Conducted studies
the fluidity of 11 pi
model system. No j
functioning of biol
actions at this le
research is imports
proper functioning
1s potentially higl
the membrane level
microwave effects a
- Evaluated the 1nte
temperature 1n mice
sensitivity of the ,
vating evaporative
on ambient tempera!
Interaction of NIR
- Developed a comb1n<
the absorption of i
logical subjects.
thermoregulatory sy
energy and, thus,
scenarios in the en
- Developed lethality
Lethality data 1s
contradictory and
purpose of this pn
co-factors on lethi
support of the Gu
relative importance
exposure duration,
went. Consideratlc
ditions 1s critica
guidelines.
82 Explanation of Changt
January
Estimate
$2,973,IOC
The net decrease of
- January-March.
$163,800 from the Ja
Expenses and $54,000
ted 1n the eliminate
tlon health effects «
physiology computer model will be verified by taking temperature and other Impor-
tant thermal physiological measurements in primates exposed to electromagnetic
fields. Monkeys have thermoregul atory systems similar to humans and can be
used to validate mathematical predictive models. Effort is being devoted to
developing or improving the instrumentation needed to characterize both the
external and internal electric and magnetic fields associated with nonlonizlng
radiation and to designing and constructing the unique exposure systems required
for biological research at specific environmental frequencies, emphasizing
systems appropriate for long-term studies. A radio frequency exposure system
will be established this year which 1s able to house and Irradiate approximately
200 rodents at 500 MHz (UHF-TV) throughout their llfespan. This facility will
enable research on chronic, lifetime effects and survivorship for which vir-
tually no Information exists to date although such exposures are relevant to
those experienced by the general public.
19J3^rogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,384,400 and 16.0 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $1,163,500 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $220,900
is for Research and Development. This reflects decreases of $540,600 and
$456,600 respectively, which is a result of the completion of some studies in
1982 and an attempt to produce data which are the most Immediately useful for
the Guidance.
The primary emphasis will shift from developing dose-response data 1n
animals for selected specific frequencies to a greater focus on establishing
information on biophysical Interactions and mechanisms and on developing models
to predict and Interpret the significance of non1on1z1ng radiation energy
deposition for humans. The electromagnetic radiation spectrum is conceptually
akin to a complex mixture of chemicals since each" frequency may pose different
potential risks. In fact, the importance of frequency dependence is becoming
clearer through current research. It is impossible to investigate all frequen-
cies for all potential exposure environments. Knowledge of mechanisms of inter-
action can allow development of models and methods to predict the potential
effects at given frequencies and exposure levels for various ambient environ-
ments. Such a capability can direct the development and evaluation of environ-
mental exposure guidelines.
Research which will directly support the Federal Radiation Exposure
Guidelines will Include the following activities:
Model biological systems will be developed and applied to predict the action
of nonlonizlng radiation at the molecular level. The absorption characteristics
of DMA and other selected molecules or cells will be examined via swept-frequency
microwave spectrometry to identify the the frequencies of maximal absorption
and, thus, of greatest potential health concern. Mechanism research will continue
to focus on critical tissues and senstive physiological processes such as brain
metabolism, calcium efflux, and membranes. Energy absorption/thermal response
computer models and techniques will undergo further refinements to extend the
range of frequencies covered, to focus on more discrete localized tissue areas,
and to enhance overall efficiency. These models will enhance the Agency's ability
to predict effects and energy absorption for specific frequencies.
While the scope of the animal research component of the program will be
reduced^ certain projects will be ongoing. The effects of 500 MHz on survival
and cause of death in rats will be investigated using the newly established
lifetime exposure chambers. The continuous exposure, mouse fertility study will
be completed. The Immunological responses and survival of mice with respiratory
disease will be compared in animals stressed with either microwaves or various
ambient temperatures. Investigation of the potential for persistence to maturity
of delayed growth and stunting in newborn mice exposed in utero will continue.
Feto-toxicity will also be explored 1n hamsters similarly exposed to extend spe-
cies differentatlon information to a third species. Such studies provide
valuable information on sensitive biological systems and susceptible populations.
R-14
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
RADIATIOH
Radiation Policy Council
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
so
I
Radiation Policy Council
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control $
Compl1ance
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Radiation Policy TOTAL
Council
$281.7
$281.7
$281.7
$488.9
$492.0
$488.9
$980.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Radiation Policy Council
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Radiation Policy Council
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.9
1.9
4.3
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Policy Council
Budget Request
The Agency Is not requesting any resources for this activity In 1983.
Program Oescrlption
The Radiation Policy Council was authorized to coordinate the formulation
and Implementation of Federal policies relating to radiation protection. In
addition, the Council provided liaison with the States and Congress and served
as a forum for public participation and comment on Federal radiation protection
issues. The Council was chaired by the Administrator of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency and consisted of representatives at the Assistant Secretary
level or higher from the thirteen member agencies. The Council's administrative
support, funds and staff were provided by EPA.
RADIATION POLICY COUNCIL
1981 -r__ Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $281,700 for this program all of which was in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Radiation Policy Council conducted a
review of occupation exposure standards and considered a Federal policy on low-
level radioactive waste disposal. Additionally, the Council considered a series
of actions and projects recommended by the Working Group and special task forces.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$980,900
The net decrease of -$980,900 results from the following action:
- March. (-$980,900) This change represented a decrease of
$98u,9UO from the January budget, of which $488,900 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 5492,000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
decrease was due to assumption by member agencies of the functions of the
Radiation Policy Council 1n 1982.
1982 Program
In 1982, the separate functions of the Radiation Policy Council are being
assumed by member organizations. The purposes served by the Council can be
more effectively carried out by existing organizations including the various
agencies of the Executive Office of the President, Cabinet Councils, and the
President's Council on Regulatory Relief. Accordingly, the Agency requested no
resources 1n 1982.
1 983 Program Request
The Agency Is requesting no resources in 1983.
R-16
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IM THOUSANDS)
TO
I
Environmental
Standards 4
Guidelines
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compl1 ance
$2,209.7 $3,359.4 $3,017.4 $2,515.9 $3,167.8 $651.9
$3,334.9 $3,425.4 $1,563.6 $1,044.7 $1,595.7 $551.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compl1ance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL
Standards 8 Guidelines
$2,209.7 $3,359.4 $3,017.4 $2,515.9 $3,167.8 $651.9
$3,334.9 $3,425.4 $1,563.6 $1,044.7 $1,595.7 $551.0
$5,544.6 $6,784.8 $4,581.0 $3,560.6 $4,763.5 $1,202.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Env1 ronmental
Standards 4
Guidelines
44.6
66.0
55.2
53.2
55.2
2.0
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards * Guidelines
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
44.6 66.0 55.2 53.2 55.2 2.0
TO
CO
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Environmental
Standards & -,
Guidelines
52.5
79.0 67.0 64.0 65.4
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
52.5 79.0 67.0 64.0 65.4 1.4
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,763,500 and 55.2 permanent workyears
for 1983, an Increase of $1,202,900 and 2.0 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included in this total is $3,167,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,595,700
for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with increases of $651,900 and $551,000
respectively. The increase in positions will be applied to the development of
standards for waste disposal. The increase in salaries and expenses is associated
with an, increase in salary costs. The Increase in extramural expenses will
provide more contract support for regulatory analysis.
P rograin Descri pti on
Radiation environmental standards and guidelines are developed and promulgated
under this subactlvlty. These standards and guidelines protect the public health
and the environment by minimizing risk of radiation exposures from nuclear energy
applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and occupational
radiation exposure and nonionizihg radiation.
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $5,544,600 for this program, of which $2,209,700
was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,334,900 was in the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds were used for the develop-
ment of standards and guidelines for limiting exposure to radiation. Major
accomplishments for 1981 Included a proposal of standards addressing the disposal
of uranium mill tailings from Inactive sites and Federal guidance on general
occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Work continued on regulatory
actions for high level and low level radioactive waste disposal, management of
mill tailings from active sites, control of airborne radlonuclides and limiting
exposure to nonionizing radiation.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,784,800 $4,581,000 $3,560,600
The net decrease of -$3,224,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" January -March, (-$2,203,800) This change represented a decrease of
$2,203,800 from the January budget, of which $342,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,861,800 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
decrease reflected a decision to defer development of standards for airborne
release of radlonuclides during 1982.
- CongressionalActions. (-$1,020,400) A reduction of -$350,100 was
taken agalnt the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The reduction will
result In the elimination of pre-regulatory studies for revising the uranium
miner occupational exposure guidance. Additionally, 1t will result in
reduced contract support for non-ionizing radiation standards and standards
for low-level waste disposal.
R-19
-------
An additional reduction of -$670,300 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($501,500) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($168,800) appropri-
ations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,560,600 and 53.2 permanent
Morkyears to this program, of which $2,515,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,044,700 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The 1982 program efforts are focused on three regulatory areas:
radioactive waste disposal, Federal Guidance, and control of airborne radionuclides
under the Clean Air Act. Planned radioactive waste activities include the promul-
gation of standards for the disposal of uranium mill tailings from inactive sites
as well as proposal of disposal standards for high level radioactive wastes,
and for uranium mill tailings from active sites. Also planned for 1982 is the
publishing of criteria for the ocean disposal of special classes of low level
waste in anticipation of permit requests from the Department of Energy (DOE) and
the Department of Defense (DOD).
During 1982, work will continue on low level waste standards and standards
for the control of airborne radionuclides. Federal Guidance activities under
development include final guides for general occupational exposure and proposed
guidance to limit exposure to nonionizing radiation in the radio frequency range.
1983 Programi Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,763,500 and 55.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,167,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and SI,595,700 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The 1983 program efforts will continue to emphasize management of radioactive
waste, development of Federal radiation guidance and the control of airborne
radionuclides under the Clean Air Act. Planned radioactive waste activities
include promulgation of standards for the disposal of high level radioactive
waste, the promulgation of standards for the management of active mill tailings
sites and the proposal of standards for low level waste disposal. Also completed
in 1983 will be the preparatory technical work necessary to respond to anticipated
DOE and DOD ocean disposal permit requests.
Federal guidance activities for 1983 will Include the completion of guidance
for general occupational exposure. Protective action guides (PAG's) will be
proposed for airborne and food pathways exposure resulting from accidental release
of radioactive materials. Federal Guidance limiting exposure to nonioninzing
radiation in the radio frequency range will also be proposed.
R-20
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TO
I
FO
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL
$601.4 $596.3 $596.3 $580.0 $628.6 $48.6
$601.4 $596.3 $596.3 $580.0 $628.6 $48.6
$601.4 $596.3 $596.3 $580.0 $628.6 $48.6
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
13.4
13.4
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
13.9
13.9
10.0
10.0
-3.9
-3.9
TOTAL HOWCYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
15.3
16.6
16.6
15.6
11.1 -4.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
15.3
16.6
16.6
15.6
11.1 -4.5
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $628,600 and 10.0 permanent workyears for
1983, an Increase of 548,600 and a decrease of 3.9 permanent workyears from
1982. The full request 1s within the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
reduction of 3.9 permanent workyears from the 1982 level represents a reduced
need to review and test radiation emergency response plans. The Increase in
dollars provides for full support to all. workyears within this program element.
ProgramDescription
This subactlvlty supports activities of EPA's Regional offices Including:
reviewing routine environmental Impact statements (e.g., Ughtwater reactors
and uranium mining and milling); providing the public with technical Information;
providing direct assistance to State and local governments with special radiation
problems of a short-term nature; participation In the reviewing and testing of
State radiological emergency response plans; and providing the radiological exper-
tise needed by the Regions to manage radiological problems associated with the
drinking water and hazardous waste programs.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1981Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $601,400 for this program, all of which was in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The major emphasis for the 1981 Regional
program 1s technical assistance to States 1n the area of emergency response plann-
ing. EPA assists States 1n the development of radiological emergency response
plans and formally reviews these plans along with other Federal agencies under the
coordination of Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA). In addition,
the 1981 Regional programs continued to provide EIS's review, technical assistance
to the States and technical support to other EPA Regional programs.
1982Explanation of Changes from JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$556,300 $596,300 $580,000
The net decrease of -$16,300 results from several actions, as follows:
" ^programming. (+$18,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi seel laneou s reprogramnri ngs, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$18,300.
- Congressional Actions. {-$35,300) An additional reduction of -$35,300
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authorjty. (+$700) The net increase applied to this activity
Includes anincrease of +$700 to Salaries and Expenses for necessary operat-
ing expenses.
R-22
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1982Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $580,000 and 13.9 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. In 1982
emphasis remains on radiological emergency response plans. However, with more
plans completed and approved, the testing of these plans will receive greater
attention. Other activities in 198Z will Include the review of EIS's, assistance
to the drinking water and hazardous waste program, and technical assistance to
States.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $628,600 and 10.0 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses. EPA participation
in the review and testing of emergency response plans will continue at a reduced
level. EIS review and technical assistance to States will also be a significant
element of regional program activities. Also receiving prominence will be the
provision of technical assistance to other EPA regional programs such as drinking
water, and hazardous waste.
R-23
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 5
Compl1ance
Monitoring 8 Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl1ance
Technology Assessment
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Conpl1ance
$3,925.1
$1,499.2
$4,246.2
$794.8
$387.6
$25.0
$3,968.8 $3,342.9 $2,772.6 -$570.3
$759.3 $350.0 $600.0 $2SO.O
TOTAL:
Salaries 6 Expenses
Abatement Control §
Compliance
Radiation
Environmental Impact
TOTAL
$3,925.1 $4,633.8 $3,968.8 $3,342.9 $2,772.6 -$570.3
$1,499.2 $819.8 $759.3 $350.0 $600.0 $250.0
$5,424.3 $5,453.6 $4,728.1 $3,692.9 $3,372.6 -$320.3
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 19B2 1983 ₯S 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME MORKYEARS
Radiation Assessment 92.9 62.0 60.0 48.9 -11.1
Monitoring A Analysis 75.0
Technology Assessment 10.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 92.9 85.0 62.0 60.0 48.9 -11.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Radiation Assessment 106.0 74.0 71.0 58.0 -13.0
Monitoring S Analysis 86.0
Technology Assessment 11.0
TOTAL WORK YEARS 106.0 97.0 74.0 71.0 58.0 -13.0
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,372,600 and 48.9 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $320,300 and 11.1 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is $2,772,600 for Salaries and Expenses a decrease of $570,300; and
$600,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase of $250,000, respec-
tively. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects the consolidation of
Agency EIS review in the Interdisciplinary program. The increase in Abatement,
Control, and Compliance resources will provide more contract support for environ-
mental sampling associated with regulatory development.
Program Description
Activities in this area provide the information necessary to identify and
analyze potential radiological health problems having public health impact, and
to support the development of standards and guidelines. Also encompassed under
this subactivity is the monitoring of environmental radiation, as well as labo-
ratory analysis, technology assessments, emergency preparedness, and emergency
response.
RADIATIONASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $5,424,300 for this program, of which S3,925,100
was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,499,200 was in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. Resources in this element were used to
provide laboratory and technical support to radiation standards setting activities;
the review of major EIS's; the maintenance of an emergency response capability;
assistance to the Regions In review and testing of State emergency response plans;
laboratory assistance and support to other EPA offices; and analytical support
to State radiological programs. Also supported was the continued operation of the
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Systems (ERAMS), and operation of the
radium collection and repository program. During 1981, particular emphasis was
placed on the analysis of radlonuclide emissions from coal-fired power plants, the
design and Initiation of the Butte, Montana, radon survey and the strengthening of
our emergency response capability through the design and acquisition of a special
mobile laboratory. Another special activity in 1981 was an extensive ground and
aerial gamma survey of portions of the western states which had a history of
uranium resource extraction. A program-wide quality assurance plan was completed.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January . March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,728,100 $3,692,900
The net Increase of +$3,692,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$4,728,100) These resources were moved from the moni-
toring and analysis program to radiation assessment program to consolidate
two related program elements Into one program function. This new program
element will encompass activities and outputs related to the Identification
and analysis of potential standards and guidelines, assessment of radio-
logical quality of the environment. Assistance to other Federal and State
agencies will be provided to Investigate, analyze and evaluate radiation
problems.
R-26
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- CqngresslP"a] Actjons. (-$1,035,200) A reduction of -$170,100 was
taken against the March request reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The reduction Mill
reduce contract support with the States for the operation of the environ-
mental radiation ambient monitoring system (ERAMS) monitoring stations.
An additional reduction of -$865,100 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($853,900) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($11,200) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$228,000 to Abatement, Control and Compliance
and an Increase of +$228,000 to Salaries and Expenses. This transfer will
provide equipment for Three Mile Island monitoring and the Montgomery,
Alabama Laboratory. This transfer will restore funds to purchase equipment
previously planned for.
1982 Program
In 1982, the agency 1s allocating a total of $3,692,900 and 60.0 permanent
work years to this program, of which $3,342,900 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$350,000 1s for extramural purposes under Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Laboratory support of standards setting will continue along with activities 1n
emergency response, emergency preparedness, ERAMS, quality assurance, and the
radium repository. Changes that occur in the 1982 program Include the discon-
tinuation of Indoor radon studies with the exception of the Butte, Montana, pro-
ject; the elimination of the public Information program, and the discontinuance
of the surveillance of areas where uranium extraction industries have operated.
Additional emphasis will be placed on emergency response monitoring as this
program element takes over the responsibility for long-term, off site monitoring
at Three Mile Island (TMI).
1983 Plan
The Agency requests a total of $3,372,600 and 48.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,772,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
3600,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The 1983
program will provide laboratory and analytical support to the development of
standards under the Clean Air Act and for the management of radioactive wastes.
A fully equipped emergency response capability will be maintained. The off-site
monitoring of the clean-up activities at TMI nuclear reactor site will be
continued. The Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System will collect
and analyze air, precipitation, and milk radiation levels. The Quality Assurance
Program will be operated to ensure accuracy of results from laboratory analysis
and for data analysis conducted through contracts supported by EPA radiation
program. Field collection of radon measurements 1n the Butte, Montana, survey
will be completed. Support 1n the form of radiochemical analyses, technical
assistance, and the occasional loan of equipment to the States and to other
Federal agencies, will continue at a reduced level. The radium repository at
the Montgomery, Alabama, field facility will collect and store an additional 100
radium shipments. This is the only mechanism available to State and Federal
government for the management of this otherwise uncontrolled hazardous substance.
R-27
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Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
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a
I
ACTUAL
1981
NOISE
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
TOTAL, Noise
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$4,672.5 $5.279.4 $1,906.0 $1,802.1
$7,534.6 $7,479.9 $365.4 $208.5
$12,207.1 $12,759.3 $2,271.4 $2,010.6
89.3
128.3
$13,210.2
93.5
142.9
$13,356.0
29.2
42.9
$12,060.0
25.2
37.7
$2,189.4
$350.0
-$1,802.1
-$208.5
-$2,010.6
-25.2
-37.7
-$1,839.4
Environmental Noise
Strategies * Standards
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control $
Compliance
Noise Program
Strategies ft Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$1,966.4 $2,119.5 $1,906.0 $1,802.1
$3,710.7 $3,711.5 $365.4 $208.5
$1,755.0
$3,720.2
$2,058.9
$3,542.6
-$1,802.1
-$208.5
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NOISE
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
Noise Enforcement
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compllance
ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$3,721.4 $4,178.4 $1,906.0 $1,802.1
$7,430.9 $7,254.1 $365.4 $208.5
TOTAL $11,152.3 $11,432.5 $2.271.4 $2,010.6
$951.1 $1,101.0
$103.7 $225.8
$951.1 $1.101.0
$103.7 $225.8
TOTAL $1.054.8 $1.326.8
-$1,802.1
-$208.5
-$2,010.6
Environmental Noise
Strategies ft Standards
Noise Program
Strategies 4 Implementation
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL TOTAL
Noise Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL
35.6
34.3
69.9
19=4
19.4
34.7
39.6
74.3
19.2
19.2
29.2
29.2
25.2
25.2
-25.2
-25.2
-------
NOISE
f
U)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Noise
Strategies 4 Standards
Noise Program
Strategies A Implementation
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL TOTAL
Noise Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
47.6
52.2
99.8
28.5
28.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
50.0
57.6
107.6
35. 3
35.3
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
42.9
42.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
37.7
37.7
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
-37.7
-37.7
-------
NOISE
OVERVIEW AND STRATE6Y
The 1982 noise control budget represented a major policy change with
respect to the Federal effort to reduce noise exposure. As reflected 1n that
budget request, the EPA noise control program 1s being phased-out by the end of
1982. This decision results from a determination that the benefits of noise
control are highly localized and that the function of noise control can be
adequately carried out at the State and local level without the presence of a
Federal program.
States and localities have shown a significant Increase In their ability
and desire to develop their own noise control programs. During the last decade,
over 1300 municipalities and 24 States have enacted noise control legislation.
Of these, 20 States have viable active programs and over 300 local communities
have ongoing noise control programs with active enforcement. This dramatic
growth (233% 1n the past five years) convincingly demonstrates that State and
local governments can and will deal with environmental noise problems within
their jurisdictions.
The major components of EPA's existing noise control effort are promulgation
and enforcement of Federal noise regulatlonsj strengthening the capabilities of
State and local noise control agencies by providing technical and financial
assistance, and the conduct of noise health effects research.
For both 1981 and T982, activities were structured to achieve a prompt but
orderly phase-out of current program activities by transferring to the State and
local programs knowledge and experience EPA has gained. EPA will also transfer
noise measurement equipment that will aid States and local governments to
assume additional responsibility.
Since the final phase-out of the Noise Control Program Is to be completed
by the end of 1982, no resources are being requested for this program In 1983.
N-4
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NOISE
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(In thousands of dollars)
1982 Noise Program... $2,010.6
Salaries and Expenses -1,802.1
The net decrease reflects the personnel reduc-
tions associated with the phase-out of this
program by the end of 1982.
Abatement, Control and Compliance. -208.5
The net decrease reflects the phase-out of this
program by the end of 1982.
1983 Noise Program , $0
SUMMARYOFCHANGESTOJANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate.. $12,759.3
Janua ry-Ma rch -10,487.9
Congressional Actions -260.8
A decrease of $81,900 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance was taken against the March
estimate to reflect the September 12% reduc-
tion. An additional reduction of $178,900 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($103,900)
and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($75,000)
appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
Current 1982 Estimate $2,010.6
N-5
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies & Standards
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
19,82
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Noise Standards
Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Noise Control
Technology Assessment
& Criteria Development
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$939.6 $954.8 $954.8 $571.9
$1,455.2 $1,440.0 $130.2
$1,026.8 $1,164.7 $951.2 $1,230.2
$2,255.5 $2,271.5 $365.4 $78.3
-$571.9
-$130.2
-$1,230.2
-$78.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Environmental Noise
Strategies * Standards
TOTAL
$1,966.4 $2,119.5 $1,906.0 $1,802.1
$3,710.7 $3,711.5 $365.4 $208.5
$5,677.1 $5,831.0 $2,271.4 $2,010.6
-$1,802.1
-$208.5
-$2,010.6
-------
NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies £ Standards
ACTUAL JANUARY HARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TItC WORKYEARS
Noise Standards
Devel opinent
Noise Control
Technology Assessment
& Criteria Development
TOTAL PERMANENT HQRKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Noise Standards
Development
Noise Control
16.9 13.8 13.8 10.0 -10.0
18.7 20.9 15.4 15.2 -15.2
35.6 34.7 29.2 25.2 -25.2
21.2 19.6 19.6 11.8 -11.8
26.4 30.4 23.3 25.9 -25.9
Technology Assessment
& Criteria Development
TOTAL HORKYEARS 47.6 50.0 42.9 37.7 -37.7
-------
NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards
Budget Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
1n 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
Program Description
This program focuses on the development and promulgation of emission and
labeling regulations that will reduce harmful noise emissions from new products.
The Agency develops these regulations through the gathering and analysis of data
on noise and Its health effects to determine exposure and levels of noise reduction
required for health and welfare protection and for specific regulatory actions.
Evaluations of private and public sector technology development are performed to
determine best available technology, and assessments of economic, environmental
and health data are made to ascertain the costs and benefits of regulation. This
program also Includes conduct of a noise health and welfare effects Investigation
program.
Noise Standards Development The objective of noise product regulation
1s to regulate products which are major contributors to environmental noise
exposure,
Under Section 6 and 3 of the Noise Control Act, the Environmental Protection
Agency develops and promulgates regulations to control noise from products which
are major noise sources through the use of noise emission limitations and/or
noise labeling requirements for newly manufactured products. The analysis leading
to and supporting these regulations Includes the preliminary investigation of
potential products for regulation, economic and technological feasibility and the
evaluation of health, welfare, and other benefits derived from specific product
regulations. Other activities Include the preparation of necessary background
and supporting material, such as EIS's and economic assessments, for the promul-
gation of standards.
Noise ,l^ntjyl_ JwJ!nj^8y_ .ftgs.esp^_nt and Criteria Development The objec-
tlve of tnfs actfviW ts toT provide support to CM for noise product regulation
and State and local control efforts through Investigations and documentation of
noise health effects and availability of noise control technology.
Specific activities include the development of health and welfare criteria,
for the assessment of general exposure to noise; the assessment of the environ-
mental, economic, social and health Impacts of noise abatement options; and the
assessment of advanced and/or future noise control technology including coordina-
tion and evaluation of noise research and control conducted by other Federal
agencies.
NOISE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $2,394,800 for this program, of which $939,600
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,455,200 for Abatement. Control, and Compliance.
These funds were used for those activities that were necessary to Initiate the
orderly phase-out of the noise regulatory program. Accomplishments included
promulgation of noise emission standards for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust
systems and a technical amendment was proposed to that regulation that would
strengthen the compliance testing procedure. The Agency deferred the effective
date of the truck regulation for one year from 1982 to 1983. The enforcement of
the garbage truck regulation was suspended.
N-8
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,394,800 $954,800 $702,100
The net decrease of -$1,692,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" January " March- (-$1,440,000) This change represented a decrease of
$i,44u,uuu from the January budget, all of which was from Abatement, Control
and Compliance. This reduction reflected the decision to discontinue the
noise program at the end of 1982.
" RePfograimn'ng. (-$140,900) This reprogranmrlng of -$340,000 represents
a redistribution of expenses and the transfer of personnel compensation and
benefits and workyears to support the noise control technology assessment
and criteria development program In 1982 as the noise program phase-out
continues. The higher salary cost per workyear results from personnel
losses at lower grade levels. The other expense transfers establish office-
wide support controlled 1n this program. (This reprogramnring was Included
In a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
Additionally, during the development of the operating plan, several
miscellaneous reprogramnrfngs, which are not reportable to Congress, were
made to this activity and resulted 1n a net Increase of +$200,000.
- CongressionalActions. (-$99,800) A reduction of -$44,800 was taken
againstthe Marchestimate reflecting the September 12* reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation resulting in the elimina-
tion of the completion of a post regulatory analyses on medium/heavy duty
trucks.
An additional reduction of -$67,000 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($42,000) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($25,000) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $702,100 and 10.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $571,900 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$130,200 1s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The 1982 activities focus on completion of all regulatory phase-out actions.
Including taking all the necessary legal steps to effect the steps to terminate
all mandated regulation development activities. The documentation and transfer
of regulatory Information to States and localities will be completed for their
use, as appropriate, in their regulatory program development activities.
1983 Program Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
In 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
MOISE COHTROL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AMD CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT
1981AccomplIshments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,282,300 for this program, of which $1,026,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,255,500 for Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance. These funds were used for Initiation of phase-out efforts In the areas
of health effects research studies, technology demonstrations, and noise abatement
strategies-
N-9
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The 1931 accomplishments included an annual report on the University of
Miami primate "study (the initial findings of increased blood pressure attribut-
able to noise were again replicated). In addition, the Agency finalized reports
on the epidenrtological feasibility study and psychoacoustic study of engine
brake noise. The prospective epidemiologlcal feasibility study sets forth specific
recommendations for future epidemlological studies. The results from the psycho-
acoustic study of engine brake noise supports the regulation of this source of
noise.
During 1981, EPA completed the Quiet Engine and Quiet Tire research projects.
In addition, the Agency cancelled the Quiet House program and eliminated part of
the Quiet Truck program. A significant accomplishment in the Quiet Truck Program
was the quieting of the third (of four) heavy duty trucks to approximately 72
dBA. The construction site demonstration and a cooling system technology assess-
ment were completed: The remaining three Inter agency agreement demonstrations
were completed: Shipyard Machinery Noise (Mavy), Electric Generating Plant
(TVA), and Quiet Propeller (NASA).
1982_ Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,436,200 $1,316,600 $1,308,500
The net decrease of -$2,127,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,119,600) This change represented a decrease of
$2,119,6*00 fromthe January budget, of which $213,500 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,906,100 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
These reductions reflected the decision to 41 continue the noise program by
the end of 1982.
" Deprogramming. (+$140,900) This reprogramming of +$340,900 represents
a redistribution of expenses and the transfer of personnel compensation
and benefits and workyears to support the noise control technology assess-
ment and criteria development program in 1982 as the noise program phase-out
continues. The higher salary cost per workyear results from personnel
losses at lower grade levels. The other expense transfers establish
office-wide support controlled in this program. (This reprogramming was
included in a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
Additionally, during the development of the operating plan, several
miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were
made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$200,000.
- Conaressional Actions. (-$149,000) A reduction of -$37,100 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12* reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This action will result
In the elimination of aviation modelling which provides documentation of
a two-year aviation study.
An additional reduction of -$111,900 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($61,900) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($50,000) appro-
priations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,308,500 and 15.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,230,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$78,300 1s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
N-10
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During 1982, the program 1s concentrating on the completion of all remaining
phase out activities begun 1n 1981. This Includes the completion and dissemination
of the final reports for 21 research projects. The results of these projects
are to be made available not only to the scientific community, but also to
other Federal, State, and local governments for Incorporation into their noise
control efforts.
All technology research projects are also being brought to completion.
Reports and/or summary information are to be prepared for transfer and use by
States and localities. The results of interagency demonstrations to determine
techniques and technologies for abating noise are also to be packaged for transfer
to all Interested parties, Including Federal and State agencies.
1983 Program Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
in 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
N-ll
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NOISE
Noise Program Strategies * Implementation
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Noise Control
Implementation £
Evaluation
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Federal Agency
Coordination
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compl lance
Noise Regional
Implementation
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$774.0 $853.S
$3,349.2 $3,056.1
$328.1
$346.1
$652.9
$24.9
$351.7
$294.3
$853.7
$192.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control I
Compliance
Noise Program
Strategies 8
Implementation
TOTAL
$1,755.0 $2,058.9
$3,720.2 $3,542.6
$5,475.2 $5,601.5
-------
NOISE
Noise Program Strategies 4 Implementation
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Noise Control
Implementation 8
Evaluation
Federal Agency
Coordlnatlon-Moi se
Noise Regional
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Noise Control
Implementation S
Evaluation
Federal Agency
Coordf nation-Noise
Noise Regional
Implementation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
14.4 17.1
6.5 6.0
13.4 16.5
34.3 39.6
22.3 24.1
7.3 7.8
22.6 25.7
TOTAL MORKYEARS 52.2 57.6
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NOISE
Noise Program Strategies and Implementation
Budget Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
In 1982, no resources are requested for ,1983,
Program Description
This program provides assistance to States and localities 1n the development
and Implementation of noise control programs* Effective State and local noise
control programs are useful 1n reducing noise to levels commensurate with the
protection of public health and welfare. In recognition of this need, the Noise
Control Act, as amended by the Quiet Communities Act, calls for EPA to assist
State and local governments In the development of noise control programs. The
objective of EPA's program 1s to substantially Increase the number of communities
having effective noise control programs with special emphasis on lessening the
impact of noise from motor vehicles (motorcycles, trucks, autos). Assistance 1s
also provided In the areas of stationary source control (property line standards),
construction site noise control, noise abatement planning (zoning, land use
planning, airport planning), and public education.
This program also Includes the review of the Implementation of regulatory
requirements for which the Federal Government has primary responsibility; the
control of noise emissions at Federal facilities, and review of EIS's for noise
Implications, and the overall coordination of all Federal programs for noise
abatement and control. The abjective of this program 1s to bring the major noise
authorities of other Federal agencies to bear on the noise problem in a total
national effort. Included are such agencies as the Federal Highway Administra-
tion, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Urban Mass Transit Administration,
the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Department of Defense.
NoiseControl Implementation andEvaluatlon Under the Noise Control Act,
as amended by the Quiet Communities Act of 1978, the Environmental Protection
Agency delivers assistance to States and localities 1n order to encourage the
development of effective noise control. Active State and local 1n-use noise
control programs are needed to form an efficient national network that will serve
to regulate non-local sources of noise.
This program provides limited financial assistance through cooperative
agreements to State and localities and the design and administration of technical
assistance programs for State and local use. Special emphasis 1s placed on
helping States initiate programs to assist local communities start noise control
programs and to strengthen existing local programs. Other EPA assistance includes
the Each Community Helps Other (ECHO) program (use of local noise control experts
(volunteers) to help other communities), development of State and local program
"tools", e.g., model laws and codes, administration of the noise control
demonstration and assistance program, and Technical Assistance Centers located at
ten universities.
Federal Agency'Coordination The activities of this program are directed
toward assuring that "FederalGovernment responsibilities for noise control are
met. Such activities Include assisting other Federal agencies to consider and
include, where appropriate, noise abatement and control practices in their
programs and comply with Federal, State, Interstate, and local requirements;
coordinating noise control programs carried out by Federal agencies; monitoring
the progress of other Federal facilities' noise abatement activities; and review-
ing Federal environmental Impact statements insofar as their noise Impacts are
concerned.
N-14
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Noise Regional Implementation -- Regional offices provide the focal point
for EPA"interaction with State and local governments, and Federal assistance 1n
the development of state and local government capabilities to Implement noise
abatement activities. As such, they provide technical-financial support to
States and localities and oversee the operation of the several University-based
Technical Assistance Centers
NOISE CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $4,123,200 for this program, of which $774,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $3,349,200 for Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance. These funds were used for those activities necessary for the orderly
phase out of the State and local assistance programs. During 1981, financial
assistance was provided to 22 State programs, which Included an additional year's
funding (through the end of 1982) In order to prepare the States for sustaining
the noise program as a continuous activity. This program has assisted in bring-
ing about: (1) an Increase in the number of active State programs from 9 in 1979
to 24 in 1981, and (2) an Increase in number of active local programs from 90 in
1977 to over 300 in 1981. Additionally, the Technical Assistance Centers were
gradually phased out during 1981 with two being funded through 1982 to provide
support to all operating State programs. The Buy Quiet Program produced procure-
ment specifications on two products. Over 70 governments and major ut1111ties
have committed in writing to participate In the program.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,909,600
The net decrease of -$3,909,600 results from the following action:
- January -March. (-$3,909,600) This change represented a decrease of
$3,Sos,600 from the January budget, of which $853,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 53,056,100 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance, these
reductions reflected the decision to discontinue the noise program by the
end of 1982. All resources for the orderly pnase-out are Included in the
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards subset 1v1ty.
1982 Program
No resources were requested for this program area in 1982. A11 remaining
phase-out activities are being accomplished with resources 1n the Environmental
Noise Strategies and Standards subactivlty. In 1982, there will be ongoing
activities in the State and local area to strengthen State and local noise control
programs to assume complete responsibilities for environmental noise problems;
to continue an extensive "Each Community Help Others" (ECHO) program to assist
cities, located 1n States without Noise Control Programs, with their capacity
building and noise abatement efforts, 1nst1tut1onal1zat1on of the Buy Quiet
Program into the government purchasing process throughout the United States
and arrange for the transfer of all noise control equipment and documents to
State governments for use 1n ongoing abatement programs.
1983 Program Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
in 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
N-15
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FEDERAL AGENCY COORDINATION
1981 Accompl1 shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $674,200 for this program, of which $328,100
was for Salaries and Expenses and $346,100 was for Abatement, Control, and
Compliance. These funds were used to support inter agency agreements with other
Federal agencies for the purpose of carrying out noise control demonstrations and
test techniques and to Incorporate the results Into the appropriate programs of
Federal agencies, Including EPA. During 1981, most on-going technology demonstra-
tions were completed, and results made available to Interested groups Including
other Federal and State agencies. Aviation studies underway were continued.
1982 Explanationof Changesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$646,000
The net decrease of -$646,000 results from the following action:
~ January" March. (-$646,000) This change represented a decrease of
$646,000 from the January budget, of which $351,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $294,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance, these
decreases reflected the decision to discontinue the noise program by the
end of 1982. All resources for the orderly phase-out are Included in the
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards subactivity.
1982 Program
No resources were requested 1n 1982 for this program. All remaining phase-out
efforts are being accomplished with resources in the Environmental Noise Strategies
and Standards subactivity. This work Includes the completion of all projects and
the transfer of appropriate Information to Federal and State and local agencies.
Studies which provide technical assistance for reducing noise at airports are
being completed and distributed to airport operators and State and local govern-
ments.
1983 Program Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase out the noise control program
in 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
NOISE REGIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
1981Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $677,800 for this program, of which $652,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and $24,900 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
During 1981, the Regional program provided for those activities that were necessary
for the phase-out of the Region's State and local technical assistance program.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,045,900
The net decrease of -$1,045,900 results from the following action:
N-16
-------
,~ March' (-$1,045,900) This change represented a decrease of
$1,045,900 from the January budget, of which $853,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $192,200 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. These
reductions reflected the decision to discontinue the noise program by the
end of 1982.
1982 Program
No resources were requested for this program 1n 1982. All remaining aspects
of phase-out are being handled by the EPA headquarters noise control program, and
accomplished with resources in the Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards
s inactivity. The work effort includes oversight of all remaining State Cooperative
Agreements and the phase-out of the Regions' State and local technical assistance
programs.
1983 Program Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the noise control program
in 1982, no resources are requested for 1983.
N-17
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
NOISE
Noise Enforcement
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
f
i
CO
Noise Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Noise Enforcement
TOTAL
$951.1 $1,101.0
$103.7 $225.8
$951.1
$103.7
$1,054.8 $1,326.8
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Noise Enforceinent
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
19.4
19.4
19.2
19.2
-------
NOISE
Noise Enforcement
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Noise Enforcement
28.5
35.3
TOTAL WORK YEARS
28.5
35.3
-------
NOISE
Noise Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds and no permanent work/ears for 1983.
Program DescHption
The long-range goals and major objectives of the noise enforcement program
have been to assure that regulated products distributed in commerce comply with
Sections 6 and 8 (new product noise emission standards and Information labeling
requirements respectively) of the Noise Control Act of 1972. Additionally,
assistance has been given to State and local governments in the development of
effective noise enforcement programs to address compliance of regulated products
In use.
NOISl ENFORCEMENT
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total $1,054,800 for this program of which
$951,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $103,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Extramural funds were used to support the State and local noise enforcement
effort (especially for anti-tampering and in-use noise control requirements
which supplement Federal product regulations); to evaluate and summarize pro-
duction verification reports; and to provide for engineering and technical
support services.
1982 Explanation ofChangesfromJanuaryBudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,326,800
The net decrease of -$1,326,800 results from the following action:
- January - March. (-$1,326,800) This change represented a decrease of
Sl,326,8do from the January budget, of which $1,101,000 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $225,800 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This
decrease represented a phase-out of Federal noise enforcement activities
and a shift in emphasis to State and local noise enforcement programs,
1982 Program
No resources were requested 1n 1982, consistent with the shift in Agency
policy towards a primary state and local government role in reducing levels of
environmental noise.
1983 ProgramRequest ;
No resources are requested for this program 1n 1983.
N-20
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Interdi scl pi 1 nary
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
$9,392.0
$1,406.2
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,765,6 $10,092.2 $9,791.3 $15,437.6 $5,646.3
$4,731.7 $4,654.3 $4,216.5 $2,709.8 -$1,506.7
$3,117.7 $4,513.8 $4,246.9 $3,710.1 $2,590.7 -$1,119.4
$13.915.9 $16,011.1 $18,993.4 $17,717.9 $20,738.1 $3,020.2
186.9 144.0 206.8 196.4 310.3 113.9
226.3 178.0 259.0 246.8 363.7 116.9
$14,558.4 $32,822.0 $30,602.0 $20,047.1 $22,853.0 $2,805.9
$22.848.0
Intermedia Non-Energy
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
RESEARCH t DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL
$2.856.4 $2,560.9 $2,237.4 $1,993.5 $1.622.0 -$371.5
$3,117.7 $4,513.8 $4,246.9 $3,710.1 $2,590.7 -$1,119.4
$2,856.4 $2,560.9 $2,237.4 $1,993.5 $1,622.0 -$371.5
$3,117.7 $4,513.8 $4,246.9 $3,710.1 $2,590.7 -$1,119.4
$5.974.1 $7,074.7 $6,484.3 $5,703.6 $4,212.7 -$1,490.9
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
EIS Review and New
Source EIS Preparation
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 1
Compl 1 ance
Accelerated Review 8
Permitting
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Integrated
Environmental Assistance
Abatement Control 8
Compl 1 ance
Interdisciplinary
Technology Assistance
Salaries 8 Expenses
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
ACTUAL
1981
$2,264.2
$1,179.4
$524.8
$61.1
$117.0
$32.4
$2,821.4
$1,357.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS
$2,401.1
$1,383.7
$1,803.6
$3,348.0
$4,204.7
$4,731.7
MARCH
ESTIMATE
19A2
IN THOUSANDS)
$2,401.1
$1,256.3
$1,814.1
$3,348.0
$4,215.2
$4,604.3
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
$2,704.2
$818.5
$1,601.2
$3,348.0
$4,305.4
$4,166.5
ESTIMATE
1983
$1,905,2
$869.8
$1,805.4
$1,600,0
$3,710.6
$2,469.8
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
-$799.0
$51.3
$204.2
-$1,748.0
-$594.8
-$1,696.7
Compl1ance
ABATEMENT 8 CONTROL
TOTAL $4,178.9 $8,936.4 $8,819.5 $8,471.9 $6,180.4 -$2,291.5
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY MARCH
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Technical Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl 1 ance
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Intermedia Non-Energy
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
EIS Review and New Source
E1S Preparation
Accelerated Review S
Permitting
Interdisciplinary
Technology Assistance
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
Enforcement Policy 8
Technical Support
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
$3.714.2
$48.7
$3.714.2
$48.7
$3,762.9
30.8
30.8
68.1
9.8
.8
78.7
77.4
77.4
$3,639.6
$50.0
$3.639.6
$50.0
$3.689.6
33.1 23.1
33.1 23.1
76.9 76.9
34.0 34.0
110.9 110.9
72.8
72.8
$3,492.4
$50.0
$3,492.4
$50.0
$3,542.4
23.9
23.9
71.7
32.5
104.2
68.3
68.3
$10,105.0
$240.0
$10,105.0
$240.0
$10,345.0
12.1
12.1
49.8
30.6
80.4
217.8
217.8
$6,612.6
$190.0
$6,612.6
$190.0
$6,802.6
-11.8
-11.8
-21.9
-1.9
-23.8
149.5
149.5
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Intermedia Non-Energy
RESEARCH ft DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
E!S Review and New Source
EIS Preparation
Accelerated Reviews
Permitting
Interdisciplinary
Technology Assistance
ABATEMENT & CONTROL TOTAL
Enforcement Policy S
Technical Support
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
43.4 44.3
43.4 44.3
74.7 78.9
16.6 54.8
.8
92.1 133.7
90.8
90.8
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
34.3
34.3
78.9
54.8
133.7
91.0
91.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
34.6
34.6
73.7
53.1
126.8
85.4
85.4
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
16.0
16.0
51.0
49.3
100.3
247.4
Z47.4
-18.6
-18.6
-22.7
-3.8
-26.5
162.0
162.0
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AMD STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary program 1s
composed of several activities that cut across programmatic lines and are
not readily assignable to a specific media. These programs address environmental
concerns that affect several media and require an Interdisciplinary approach.
The Interdisciplinary program Includes the Exploratory Research program within
the Research and Development function, the Environmental Impact Statement and the
Accelerated Review and Permitting programs within the Abatement and Control
function, and components of the Legal and Enforcement Counsel program within
the Enforcement function.
The overall goals of the Exploratory Research program are to provide a
long-term perspective to EPA's research and development activities and to en-
hance the quality of mission-oriented research which 1s carried out by grantees
of the Office of Research and Development and by the Centers of Excellence, each
of which specialize 1n an area of pollution research. In support of these goals,
program activities Include the Identification and assessment of long-term and
future scientific trends; the development of methods to determine the economic
benefits of pollution control measures (required by Excecutlve Order 12291); and
the management of a rigorous peer review system for research grants to ensure
that proposed extramural research 1s of high scientific quality. In 1982, the
Minority Institutions Research Support program and National Environmental Work'
force activities will be Incorporated Into the Exploratory Research Competitive
Grants program.
Environmental Impact Statements accomplish two statutory objectives. Under
the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of
the Clean A1r Act, EPA reviews and comments on proposed actions of other Federal
agencies to ensure that public health and the environment are protected. Under
NEPA, EPA 1s responsible for preparing Its own environmental Impact statements
(EIS) or, alternatively, determining findings of no significant Impact (FNSI) on
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting actions.
In 1983, EPA's Accelerated Review and Permitting program will expedite
review and permitting of major development projects. The program accelerates
permitting of such activities as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System, waste disposal siting, and Prevention of Significant Deterioration.
EPA will continue to assist other Federal agencies 1n assessing environmental
Issues. This Includes preparing EISs for projects requiring EPA permits.
In 1983 the Interdisciplinary program will Include two major functions 1n
the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel that address the critical need for
direction and integration of EPA's legal and enforcement activities across all
media. These functions are: (1) enforcement policy and operations and (2)
technical support.
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA
enforcement for all media to assure the overall quality of EPA enforcement. To
accomplish these goals, 1t establishes strategies, priorities, policies, and
procedural guidelines so that enforcement, actions are properly selected and
prepared, and 1t assures that these policies are correctly Implemented by the
media enforcement programs and Regional offices. It conducts all legal case
development, litigation, and adjudlcatory hearing activities for media enforcement
programs; this Includes oversight of evidence gathering, preparation, and manage-
ment of cases, and referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.
1-5
-------
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) 1n Denver provides
specialized technical expertise 1n support of EPA enforcement case preparation
activities. NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex
investigations that have a national impact on EPA and State regulatory programs.
NEIC provides national expertise to EPA Headquarters and Regions in evaluating a
broad range of waste, discharge! disposal, and emission problems.
1-6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
SUMMARY OF INCREASES ANDDECREASES
(In thousands of dollars)
1982 Interdisciplinary Program $17,717.9
Salaries and Expenses +5,646.3
This increase is due to an increase of workyears
in Enforcement Policy and Operations, an activity
which has been newly reorganized into the Inter-
disciplinary program. This is partially offset
by small decreases in Exploratory Research and
EIS Review and Permitting activities workyears.
Research and Development.. -1,119.4
This decrease reflects the incorporation of En-
vir Environmental Workforce activities and Minor-
ity Institutions Research Support into the Explor-
atory Research Competitive grants program, as well
as, termination of the Environmental Indicators
research efforts.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -1,506.7
This decrease in extramural support primarily
reflects decreased reliance on contracts in Accel-
erated Review and Permitting activity as the
Agency focuses on high-priority projects and re-
duces its role in less important projects.
1983 Interdisciplinary Program $20,738.1
SUMMARY OF CHANGESTOJANUARY 1982 BUDGETESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate... $16,011.1
January-March -707.3
Restructurings +3,689.6
Repr ogrammi ngs -46.2
Congressional Actions -1,232.6
A decrease of $1,651,600 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of ,$189,800 to
Research and Development were taken 'against the
March estimate to reflect the September 12% re-
duction. Congress restored $1,413,800 to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
for accelerated review and permitting. An
additional $605,000 was applied to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional -
ly mandated appropriation levels.
1-7
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
Transfer Authority +3.3
A net increase of $3,300 was transferred to
this program as follows: $200,000 was trans-
ferred from Abatement, Control and Compliance;
5347,000 was transferred from Research and
Development; and $550,300 was transferred to
Salaries and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate > $17,717.9
1-8
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Non-Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1903 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
1C
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Salaries « Expenses
Research fi Development
Minority Institutions
Research Support
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
National Environmental
Work force
Salaries 8 Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research A Development
Intermedia Non-Energy TOTAL
$1,945.0 $2,221.3 $2,237,4 $1,993.5 $1,622.0 -$371.5
$3,117.7 $3,793.0 $4,246.9 $3,710.1 $2,590.7 -iljll9.4
$792.8
$118.6
$122.6
720.8
$217.0
$2,856.4 $2,560.9 $2,237.4 $1,993.5 $1,622.0 -$371.5
$3,117.7 $4,513.8 $4,246.9 $3,710.1 $2,590.7 -$1,119.4
$5,974.1 $7,074.7 $6,484.3 $5,703.6 $4,212.7 -$1,490.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Minority Institutions
Research Support
National Environmental
Workforce
25.2
2.1
3.5
24.1
3.0
6.0
23.1
23.9
12.1 -11.8
-------
I
»-
o
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL H0RKYEARS
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Minority Institutions
Research Support
National Environmental
Workforce
TOTAL WORKYEARS
30.8 33.1 23.1 23.9 12.1 -11.8
37.8 34.6 34.3 34.6 16.0 -18.6
2.1 3.0
3.5 6.7
43.4 44.3 34.3 34.6 16.0 -18.6
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia (ton-Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,212,700 and 12.1 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $1,490,900 from 1982. Included in this total 1s $1,622,000
for Salaries and Expenses and 32,590,700 for Research and Development, with de-
creases of S371.500 and 11.B permanent workyears In Salaries and Expenses and
$1,119,400 in Research and Development. The decrease reflects a reduction in
the National Environmental Workforce activities and the termination of the envi-
ronmental indicators activities.
Program Description
The objectives of the Intermedia Non-Energy Exploratory Research Core Program
are to: (1) Identify and assess long-term scientific trends, problems and opportu-
nities; (2) develop defensible methods to Improve the Agency's ability to perform
cost-benefit analyses of major regulations; and (3) manage a Competitive Grants
and Centers of Excellence program, designed to fill in gaps in the Agency's science
and engineering knowledge base. To achieve these objectives, the program is
organized into two separate but Interdependent components with the following
functions:
Strategic Assessment and Special Studies. This program provides strategies
and guidance on etnergingan
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- Review of a draft report on current and future problems 1n the Sun Belt
Region, which will provide information to identify future high-priority
multi-state problems requiring further investigation,
- Producing a detailed work plan for assessing health and environmental prob-
lems associated with major changes in United States industry, particularly
the chemical industry.
- Completion of reports undertaken by Summer Research Fellows, including
natural sources of NOx and genetic diversity.
- Conducting six seminars identifying future environmental trends, problems,
and opportunities, Involving such topics as environmental implications of
changing energy use patterns and assessments of future environmental
trends in Western European nations.
- Completion of major reports by the Mussel Watch Program on trends in
the accumulation of toxic chemicals In the marine biota along the
coastlines of the United States.
During 1981, major reports were completed on the economic benefits of air and
water pollution and on the advantages and disadvantages of using economic Incen-
tives for pollution control. The air pollution report Included research on the
economic benefits derived from: (1) air pollution control In the San Francisco
region, (2) protection of visibility 1n some Western national parks, (3) control
of acid rain, and (4) reduction of household soiling resulting from airborne
particulates. An analysis of air pollution control 1n Los Angeles was also
reported, Indicating that benefits appear to exceed costs at current levels.
The water pollution report derived new methodologies and data on the benefits of
Improved freshwater recreational fishing, the use of contingent valuation tech-
niques to determine water benefits, and the estimation of water health benefits.
The economic incentive study will be published during 1982; the air and water
reports are undergoing peer review.
In 1981, the Competitive Grants and Centers programs carried out the
long-term environmental research program mandated by Public Law 96-569. Peer
review panels in Environmental Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Health, and Engi-
neering and Pollution Contol reviewed approximately 1,000 proposals of which
Z37 were determined to be meritorious and were recommended for funding. These
projects will greatly enhance the Agency's efforts to: (1) improve the quality
of scientific Information on which Agency decisions are based, (2) Investigate
long-range solutions to currently Intractable problems, and (3) focus a portion
of the science community on newly-emerging environmental problems. During 1981,
workshops were held by the peer panels to extensively review the progress of
projects underway.
The Exploratory Research Centers of Excellence program has provided adminis-
trative support for the following seven Centers:
Marine Research Centerat the University of Rhode Island. The Center has de-
veloped effectivei measurement and assessment methods for determining the health
of marine ecosystems 1n relation to level of contamination. The Center Is also
Improving techniques for Identifying sources, pathways, and processes which
influence exposures of man and marine biota to toxic substances.
Groundwater Research Center, a Consortium of the Unverslty of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma state Uini yersi ty, and R1 ce Unl yersi ty. Key 1 n'formatl on has been deri ved
by thfs Center in the areas of transport and fate of pollutants, characterization
of the subsurface environment, and modeling of the groundwater horizon.
Epidemiology Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh. The Center
conducted a state-of-the-art symposium on epidemiology In ;isWl. The Center is
1-12
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advancing understanding of environmental health problems through long-term re-
search in the specific areas of airborne particulates, indoor exposures, drinking
water, cardiovascular disease, and basic epidemic! ogic methodology.
Advanced Control Technology Center at L the University of 111 ign1sA Urbana.
In conjunctTon with industry scientists and engineers, the Center"!? furthering
the basic concepts of pollution control specifically in the areas of separation
technology, thermal destruction, biological degradation, and chemical detoxifi-
cation.
intimate Waste Elimination Center at Illinois Institute of Technology.
Working closely with industry researchers, the Center Is examining Innovative
approaches and process modifications to reduce or eliminate pollutant by-products
while maintaining or enhancing manufacturing productivity.
Intermedia Transport Research Center at the University of California, Los
Angeles. The Center Is providing valuable insight into the movement of toxic
cheml cal s at the air-land and air-water interfaces, thus increasing the Agency's
ability to assess potential exposures and impacts of toxic chemicals and elements.
Ecosystem Research Center at Cornell University. The Center is developing
systeros-"level ecology concepts geared specif icai 1y to support decision-making
in environmental protection efforts. The key objective is to determine the most
cost-effective ecological information needed for sound decision-making.
1982 Expl anati on of Changes^ fj'omJanuaryB^
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,014,300 $6,484,300 $5,703,600
The net decrease of -$310,700 results from several actions as follows:
- January _- March. (-$151,500) This change represented a decrease of
5151,500 from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses. The decrease
resulted in a reduction of studies to Identify and test indicators of
long-term trends in environmental quality.
- Restructuring. (+$621,500) Resources from the Minority Institutions
Research Support ($473,700) and the National Environmental Workforce
($147,800) programs have been combined with the Exploratory Research
Core Program. This restructuring will have little affect upon the func-
tions of the resources. The Agency will continue to encourage minority
institutions to participate in the grant funding mechanism and fulfill
Congressional and administrative commitments for special assistance to
qualifying institutions. The Agency will continue National Environmental
Workforce activities.
* Deprogramming. (-$41,900) An Agency-wide reprogramming of -$5,100
prbvfde
-------
Research and Development appropriation to reflect final Congressional ac-
tion on our 1982 appropriation's Bill. A reduction of -$202,000 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-5347,000) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$347,000 to Research and Development to fund
critical expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,703.600 and 23.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,993,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,710,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The 1982 Strategic Assessment and Special Studies program will produce the
following outputs: (1) revision and updating analysis of future emission trends
for use in the Environmental Out!ook report; (2) conducting eight new special
assessments of selectees emerging or future environmental problems, such as pro-
jection of future ground water contamination on a geographical basis, and an
assessment which compares ocean disposal of waste to other waste disposal alter-
natives; (3) completion of analysis of problems in Sun Belt region; (4) report
on future problems resulting from changes 1n United States industry, the focus
of which is to identify long-term research priorities based on an Improved under-
standing of potential economic and environmental trends that cut across segments
of the Nation's industries; (5) conducting a seminar series undergoing issues
associated with risk-benefit computations; (6) continuing the Summer Fellows
program; and (7) conducting a program review of environmental indicators' efforts
(including the Mussel Watch and Pilot Specimen Bank programs).
The 1982 economic benefits research program has been substantially revised
to focus on methods and data development of particular use in carrying out
Executive Order 12291, which requires cost-benefit analysis of most major Federal
regulations. In 1982, this program emphasizes improved methodologies for deter-
mining the benefits of water pollution control regulations, for carrying out the
analyses required under the Executive Order, and for completing a major study of
the benefits of improved visibility in the Eastern United States to determine
the benefits of related ambient standards.
It Is anticipated that the Competitive Grants program will again receive a
large number of proposals in 1982. The number of new proposals funded will drop
as a result of the increasing number of previously awarded grants requiring
continuation funds. A series of seminars will be conducted where grantees will
present their project results to peers, Agency specialists, and Interested public.
The Centers of Excellence program will add a new Center 1n 1982 and will
evaluate the existing seven Centers. A new Hazardous Waste Research Center at
Louisiana State University will be initiated in 1982. The Center will study the
design, construction, maintenance, operation, and closure of hazardous waste
landfills and facilities. Research will also include remedial activities related
to the problems unique to spills and other emergency situations. A major review
of the results obtained by each of the Centers will be conducted to determine
effectiveness of existing Centers. Recommendations based on this review will be
prepared. ;
The Minority Institutions Research Support program is moving closer to
completing its objectives in 1982. In order to continue to promote the partici-
pation of minority institutions in the Competitive Grants program, the Agency is
establishing an Ombudsman function within the Office of Research Grants and
Centers to aid eligible institutions to compete better within the Agency's
competitive research grants.
1-14
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The 1982 National Environmental Workforce program 1s continuing to provide
; support to the Agency. This program Mill establish a volunteer Senior Environ-
/ mental Assistance program In support of State environmental agency workforce
needs, continue to promote the use of senior citizens working for EPA through
the Senior Environmental Employment program, develop three additional Minority
Research Apprenticeship programs, and develop and manage an estimated 50 grants
for academic training.
1963 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,212,700 and 12.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 51,622,000 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,590,700 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $371,500 In Salaries and Expenses and $1,119,400 1n Research and
Development. The decrease results from a reduction 1n National Environmental
Workforce activities and termination of support to environmental Indicators
research efforts. For 1983, the National Environmental Workforce program will
continue the activities described 1n 1982 at a reduced level which reflects the
reduction in Workforce funding to the Agency by the Department of Labor. Research
on environmental indicators is terminated because of overall Intermedia priorities
such as increased economic benefits research and continued commitment to the
Centers of Excellence and the Competitive Grants program.
The 1983 economic benefits research program will be substantially expanded
in order to help the Agency meet the new requirements Imposed by Executive
Order 12291. In addition to further research on new general air and water benefit
methodologies, the program will develop Improved specific methods for valuing
the benefits of Individual regulations for hazardous waste, toxic substances,
effluent guidelines, municipal waste, ocean dumping, hazardous air, and radiation.
The general water benefits research 1s expected to Include reports on marine
fishing benefits, the use of contingent valuation data to determine benefits,
and the development of methods for assigning benefits to individual discharge
regulations. The program will also provide expanded technical expertise and
research support on request to the Agency program offices 1n their efforts to
*. prepare cost-benefit analyses for specific regulations.
' The 1983 Strategic Assessment and Special Studies program will provide data
on future changes In pollutant characteristics of industries. This effort
will ultimately be valuable in regional Industrial developments, specifically in
the siting of new industrial developments.
The Agency will continue the Centers of Excellence program and the Compe-
titive Grants program. For 1983, the Agency again expects to receive a large
number of proposals. Emphasis of the program will be dissemination of results
of completed projects, monitoring of projects underway, and coordination with
the Agency research planning process and other Federal agencies.
For 1983, the National Environmental Workforce program will continue the
activities described in 1982 at a reduced level of effort. The Ombudsman function
for minority research support will be continued.
MINORITY INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH SUPPORT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $792,800 for the Minority Institutions
Research Support program, all of which was under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program awarded $1,257,008 to 13 minority institutions and provided
technical assistance in the development and writing of research proposals from
many others. There were 115 institutions in the United States eligible for
participation, and 33 applications were received and-peer reviewed. The program's
1-15
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budget was augmented by $567,000 used to fund applications that successfully
competed in the regular Competitive Grants program.
1982 ^Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$843,400
The net decrease of -$843,400 results from several actions, as follows:
" january - March. (-$369,700) This change represented a decrease of
$369,71)0 from the January budget, of which $102,800 was from Salaries and
Expenses and $266,900 was from Research and Development. This decrease
resulted In the partial incorporation of the Minority Institution Research
Support function into the Exploratory Research Core Program.
" Restructuring. (-$473,700) These resources are being combined with the
existing Exploratory Research Core Program. This restructuring will have
little affect upon the functions of the resources. EPA will continue to
encourage minority institutions to participate in the grant funding
mechanism, and fulfill Congressional and administrative commitments for
special assistance to qualifying institutions.
1982 Program
The resources and activities formerly located in this program, are absorbed
into the Exploratory Research Core Program during 1982 and are being continued.
IBB3 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program element in 1933, because the
Ombudsman function was incorporated into the Exploratory Research Core Program
in 1982.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL WORKFORCE
1981 Accoinpl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $118,600 for this program, all of which
was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1981, the National Environmental Workforce program accomplished the
following:
- Developed and managed a variety of academic training programs designed
to meet Federal, State and local environmental workforce needs.
- Developed and conducted a national conference on meeting environmental
workforce needs.
- Developed and conducted a mini-conference on health and the environment
for the White House Conference on Aging.
- Chaired and provided staff assistance to the EPA National Workforce
Coordinating Committee.
- Provided technical assistance and advice to State and local environmental
agencies 1n developing environmentally-related older worker and coopera-
tive education programs.
1-16
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- The Senior Environmental Employment Corps employed 76 senior citizens
at the Agency 1n 1981. The work these individuals perform is often in
technical, professional functions, such as chemistry, engineering, and
biology.
1982 Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$217,000
The net decrease of -$217,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (^$69,200) This change represented a decrease of
$69,200 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and
Expenses, This decrease resulted from the partial incorporation of
the Workforce function into the Exploratory Research Core Program.
- Restructuring. (-$147,800) These resources are being combined with the
exi sting Expl oratory Research Core Program. This restructuring will have
little affect upon the functions of the resources. In 1982, EPA is con-
tinuing the National Environmental Workforce program.
1982 Program
The resources and activities formerly located in this program are absorbed
into the Exploratory Research Core Program by 1982 and are being continued.
1983 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program element in 1983, because the
functions and activities of this program are now located in the Exploratory
Research Core Program.
1-17
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
E1S Review and Ne« Source EIS Preparation
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ISTlMATt IMCMAte +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Impact
Statement Review
Salaries S Expenses
NEPA Compliance/Els
Preparation-New
Source Discharge Permits
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$1,869.1 / $2,041.4 $2,041.4 $2,130.4 $1,786.5 -$343.9
$395.1/ $359.7 $359.7 $573.8 $118.7 -$455.1
$1,179.4 $1,383.7 $1,256.3 $818.5 $869.8 $51.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl lance
Environmental Impact
Statements
TOTAL
$2,264.2 $2,401.1 $2,401.1 $2,704.2 $1,905.2 -$799.0
$1,179.4 $1,383.7 $1,256.3 $818.5 $869.8 $51.3
$3,443.6 $3,784.8 $3,657.4 $3,522.7 $2.775.0 -$747.7
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
EIS Review and New Source EIS Preparation
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 ₯S 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WOftKYEARS
Environmental Impact 54.6 64.9 64.9 60.7 46.8 -13.9
Statement Review
NEPA CompH<\nce/E!S 13.5 12.0 12.0 11.0 3.0 -8.0
M , Preparation-Mew
,1 Source Discharge Permits
vo
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 68.1 76.9 76.9 71.7 49.8 -21.9
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Environmental Impact 60.8 66.9 66.9 62.7 48.0 -14.7
Statement Review
NEPA Compliance/Els 13.9 12.0 12.0 11.0 3.0 -8.0
Preparation-New
Source Discharge Permits
TOTAL HORKYEARS 74.7 78.9 78.9 73.7 51.0 -22.7
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
EIS Review and New Source EIS Preparation
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,775,000 and 49.8 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $747,700 and 21.9 permanent workyears from 1982. Included in
this total Is $1,905,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $869,800 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, a decrease of $799,000 and an Increase of $51,300
respectively.
Program Description
This subactlvity Includes the review of environmental Impact statements
and the preparation of EISs for new source National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System permitting actions.
EIS Review The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309
of the Clean Air Act require EPA to review and comment on EISs and on the environ-
mental Impact of any major legislation, regulations or other actions proposed by
other Federal agencies. In this way, EPA helps to protect public health and the
environment. The program strives to resolve Interagency environmental contro-
versies through: (1) effective liaison with other Federal agencies, (2) early
Identification of significant environmental Issues, and (3) timely review of and
comment on major actions.
New Source EIS Preparation ~ Under Section 511(c)(l) of the Clean Water Act,
EPA is"responsible forissesslng the environmental Impact of new source National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting actions 1n those states where
the permitting program has not been delegated. The assessment takes the form of
an EIS or, alternatively, a finding of no significant Impact (FNSI).
EIS REVIEW
1981. Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, this program obligated $1,869,100, all of which was for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. The Agency placed emphasis on identifying and resolv-
ing environmental concerns at an early stage in the project development process.
In addition, the Agency reviewed and commented on over 500 draft and 400 final
environmental impact statements.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget _|st1mate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,041,400 $2,041,400 $2,130,400
The net Increase of +$89,000 results from several actions, as follows:
Reprograircnlng. (+$134,800) During the development of the operating plan,
severa 1 ml scel laneous reprogranmrings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net increase of +$134,800.
- Congressional Actions. (-$51,800) A reduction of -$51,800 was applied
to thei Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1-20
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Transfer Authority. (+$6,000) The net Increase applied to this activity
1 ncludes an Increase of +$6,000 to Salaries and Expenses to fund necessary
operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $2,130,400 and 60.7 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. EPA will continue to Identify and resolve environmental concerns at
an early stage In the project development process. It 1s expected that the
agency will review over 500 draft and 400 final EISs.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,786,500 and 46.8 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a
decrease of $343,900 and 13.9 permanent workyears. The reduction reflects EPA's
emphasis on Identifying and resolving environmental concerns at an early stage
in the project development process. It 1s expected that the Agency will review
and comment on 500 draft and 200 final EISs.
NEKSOURCE EIS PREPARATION
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, this program obligated $1,574,500 of which $395,100 was for
Salaries and Expenses and $1,179,400 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The Agency completed seven draft and eight final EISs. In addition, three area-
wide studies were completed that were used to analyze the consequences of mining
plans for various sections of the country.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,743,400 $1,616,000 $1,392,300
The net decrease of -$351,100 results front several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$127,400) This change represented a decrease of
$12/V4oGfrom the January budget, all of which was for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. This resulted 1n the preparation of one less environmental
Impact statement.
- Reprogrammlng. (+$57,300) During the development of the operating plan,
severaT miscellaneous reprograwnings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net Increase of +$57,300.
- Congressional Actions. (-$283,300) A reduction of -$237,800 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation resulting 1n approximately
two fewer environmental Impact statements Initiated.
An additional reduction of -$45,500 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congessionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$2,300) The net Increase applied to this activity
Includes a decrease of -$200,000 to Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
Increase of+$202,300 to Salaries and Expenses for essential operating costs.
1-21
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1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,392,300 and 11.0 permanent
Morkyears to this program, of which $573,800 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $818,500 1s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The emphasis in this program will shift to com-
pleting those EISs currently 1n process, rather than Initiating new EISs. It 1s
expected that nine draft and nine final EISs will be completed.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $988,500 and 3.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $110,700 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
5869,800 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This 1s a
decrease of $455,100 and an Increase of $51,300 respectively. The reduction
reflects the shift away from Initiating new EISs and towards completing those
already in progress, which leaves fewer EISs "in the pipeline." At a minimum,
however, 1t 1s expected that one draft and five final EISs will be completed.
1-22
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Accelerated Review 8 Permitting
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Accelerated Review S Permitting
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Accelerated Review 4
Permitting
TOTAL
$524.8/11,803.6 $1,814.1 $1,601.2 $1,805.4 $204.2
$61.1 $3,348.0 $3,348.0 $3,348.0 $1,600.0 -$1,748.0
$524.8 $1,803.6 $1,814.1 $1,601.2 $1,805.4 $204.2
$61.1 $3,348.0 $3,348.0 $3,348.0 $1.600.0 -$1,748.0
$585.9 $5,151.6 $5,162.1 $4,949.2 $3,405.4 -$1,543.8
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Accelerated Review
I Permitting
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Accelerated Review
TOTAL MORKYEARS
& Pentti tting
9.8
9.8
16.6
16.6
34.0
34.0
54.8
54.8
34.0
34.0
54.8
54.8
32.5
32.5
53.1
53.1
30.6
30.6
49.3
49.3
-1.9
-1.9
-3.8
-3.8
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Accelerated Review and Permitting
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,405,400 and 30,6 permanent workyears for
1983, decreases of $1,543,800 and of 1.9 workyears from 1982. Included In this
total is $1,805,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,600,000 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, an Increase of $204,200 and a decrease of $1,748,000
respectively.
ProgramDescription
This program element consists of resources for the accelerated review and
permitting program. It 1s Intended to expedite development of energy-related
and other Important projects In an environmentally sound manner. It auguments
the resources of EPA's permitting, environmental Impact statement (EIS) review,
and EIS preparation programs. Carried out by the Regional offices with guid-
ance from the Office of Federal Activities, this program accelerates permitting
of such activities as waste disposal siting, the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System, Prevention of Significant Deterioration, and underground
Injection. As a cooperating agency, EPA also assists other Federal agencies 1n
the preparation of EISs for projects requiring EPA permits. Although originally
Intended only for energy development projects, the program now extends to other
major development projects as well.
ACCELERATED REVIEW AND PERMITTING
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, its first year, this program obligated $585,900 of which $524,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $61,100 was for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance. In addition to establishing the program, activities included accel-
erating permit issuance for 25 major development projects, preparing four
environmental impact statements, and expediting the review process of 30 other
EISs.
1982ExplanationofChanges from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
55.151,600 $5,162,100 $4,949,200
The net decrease of -5202,400 results from several actions as follows:
January - March. (+$10,500) This change represented an increase of
$10,500 from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
This increase helped to defray the cost of required printing of notices of
intent and notices of filing for environmental impact statements 1n the
Federal Register.
Reprpgrammlnfl. (-$96,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several mlseellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$96,400.
1-24
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Congressipnal Actions. (-5120,500) A reduction of -51,413,800 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Congress subsequently
restored the +$1,413,800 In final action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill.
A reduction of -$120,500 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority. (+$4,000) The net Increase applied to this activity
includes an Increaseof +$4,000 to Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,949,200 and 32.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,601,200 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,348,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This 1s only the program's second year,
and Its first of full-scale activity. The resources provided reflect this and
are Intended to support major Initiatives on energy and other Important develop-
ment projects. Expected activities Include acting as a cooperating agency 1n
preparing 27 EISs, accelerating permit Issuance for 75 development projects and
expediting the review process of 65 other EISs.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,405,400 and 30.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,805,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and SI,600,000 1s for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This 1s an Increase of $204,200 for Salaries and
Expenses and a decrease of $1,748,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The decrease reflects emphasis on high-priority EISs, while reducing the
Agency's role 1n those of a lower priority. It 1s expected that EPA will prepare
or act as a cooperating Agency in the preparation of 15 EISs, accelerate the
permit issuance of 70 major development projects, and expedite the review process
of 60 other EISs.
1-2.5
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy « Technical Support
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
to
OS
Technical Support
Office of Legal 8
Enforcement Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control «
Compliance
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$3,714.2 /
$48.7
$3,639.6 $3,492.4 $3,241.0 -$251.4
$50.0 $50.0 $40.0 -$10.0
$6,864.0 $6,864,0
$200.0 $200.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Enforcement Policy &
Technical Support
TOTAL
$3,714.2
$48.7
$3,762.9
$3,639.6 $3,492.4 $10,105.0 $6,612.6
$50.0 $50.0 $240.0 $190.0
$3,89.6 $3,542.4 $10,345.0 $6,802.6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy 8 Technical Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Legal S
Enforcement Counsel
Enforcement Policy 4
Operations
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
77.4
77.4
72.B 68.3 65.2 -3.1
152.6 1S2.6
72.8 68.3 217.8 149.S
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Enforcement Policy I
Operations
TOTAL HORKYEARS
90.8
90.8
91.0 85.4 79.8 -5.6
167.6 167.6
91.0 85.4 247.4 162.0
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,345,000 and 217.8 permanent workyears for
1983. Included 1n this total 1s $10,105,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $240,000
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This Increase of $6,612,600 1n Salaries
and Expenses and $190,000 1n Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the
formation of the new Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. This subactlvlty
consists of the legal aspects of the Agency's enforcement efforts and the activi-
ties 1n support of enforcement performed by the National Enforcement Investigation
Center (NEIC).
Program Description
Enforcement Policy and Operations This subactlvlty comprises the legal
aspects of an Agency enforcement programs regardless of media (with the excep-
tion of Superfund). It is responsible for providing legal direction and support
to the enforcement of the Clean A1r Act; the Clean Water Act; the Toxic Substances
Control Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Safe Drinking Water
Act; and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentidde Act.
This subactlvlty 1s comprised of Headquarters and Regional personnel. The
requested resources provide for the development of legal enforcement policy and
procedures to direct the legal enforcement activities of the Agency Including
the Initiation and conduct of civil/criminal litigation as appropriate. Full
legal enforcement support services are provided to media compliance programs in
accordance with specific media priorities and compliance monitoring activities.
The legal resources of this subactlvlty coordinate their efforts with General
and Regional Counsel staff attorneys to assure consistent interpretation and appli-
cation of the law. Litigation activities are conducted in cooperation with the
Department of Justice. Technical support is provided by the National Enforcement
Investigations Center in Denver, Colorado and individual media and regional offices.
States are encouraged to resolve compliance problems whenever possible with Agency
assistance as appropriate.
The Agency enforcement strategy 1s results-oriented; and environmentally
significant violations are to be pursued vigorously 1n a certain, timely, predict-
able and fair manner. Health and safety related violations will continue to re-
ceive overriding priority attention.
Environmental problems resulting from Improper waste disposal practices will
be of high priority and appropriate statutes and sanctions will be brought to pear
to resolve non-compliance problems 1n the most effective way. For all media, pro-
blems of initial and/or continuing non-compliance by major sources will be add-
ressed with appropriate legal enforcement responses. Criminal sanctions will
be considered for the most significant and Indefensible forms of environmental
misconduct.
Technical Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel -- This program
element includes the planning, development, and provision of technical evidence,
Information, and Interpretations for civil and criminal case preparations in-
volving generation, transport, and disposal of toxic and hazardous waste as re-
lated to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act (TSCA); compliance requirements as related to the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and other water pollution control
legislation; existing source, new source, and hazardous emissions standards as
1-28
-------
related to the Clean Air Act; pesticide enforcement and regulatory procedures
related to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodentlcide Act (FIFRA); and
regulatory aspects of other environmental legislation and executive orders, as
well as appropriate provisions of Title 18 of the U.S. Code.
This program provides Headquarters and Regional Administrators with national
expertise, not normally available on their staffs, 1n evaluating a broad range of
waste, discharge, disposal, and emission problems, Including process control
problems.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1981 Acotnpl i shments
This 1s a new program element in 1983. In 1981, the legal aspects of enforce-
ment are Included In the appropriate media sections.
1982 Program
This 1s a new program element in 1983. In 1982, the legal aspects of enforce-
ment are Included In the appropriate media sections.
1983ProgramMRequejt
The Agency requests a total of $7,064,000 and 152.6 permanent workyears for
this program of which $6,864,000 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $200,000 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
1s the first year of funding for this new program element.
In 1983, efforts will continue to Improve the overall quality and timeliness
of Agency legal activities 1n response to problems of non-compliance. Management
systems will foster accountability and consistency of Agency enforcement actions
throughout the country. A prime management goal is to assure prompt resolution
of Identified cases of non-compliance. Policies and procedures will be revised
as necessary to achieve this goal and to assure certainty and predictability of
Agency enforcement responses. An automated docket and case tracking system will
be used to help manage the enforcement processes of the Agency to avoid a backlog
of enforcement actions. Also, a regular audit program will be Introduced to
periodically audit the completeness and quality of Agency evidence and document
control procedures necessary to support allegations in proposed complaints.
The legal resources requested for 1983 are needed to help select appropriate
enforcement responses to Instances of non-compliance that are identified 1n
various State, local and source reports, Inspections and complaints. Likewise,
legal personnel will Initiate and provide trial counsel for all administrative
hearings under the various statutes. Throughout the enforcement process, legal
personnel will participate 1n or lead negotiations with sources to assure resolu-
tion of compliance problems that Is consistent with statutory requirements and
national enforcement policy. Resources also provide for the legal review of and
concurrence on all administrative notices and enforcement orders and proposed
administrative penalties. Resources provide for the development, initiation and
conduct of civil and criminal litigation for all media.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT OFFICE OF LEGAL AMD ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 53,762,900 for this activity, all of which was
for Salaries and Expenses. Activities during the year focused on provision of
specialized technical support to the various media enforcement offices. The
NEIC provided analytical and evidentiary support and assistance to EPAs enforce-
ment and litigation efforts.
1-29
-------
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
. . . . ....
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,689.600 $3.542,400
The net Increase of +$3,542,400 results from several actions, as follows:
Restructuring. (+$3,689,6001 These resources are being consolidated to
form the new program element Technical Support-Office of Legal and Enforcer-
ment Counsel, for the National Enforcement Investigations Center, NEIC.
These resources will provide technical expertise and a point of coordination
for complex Investigations, development of technical evidence, technical ex-
pertise to Headquarters and Regions, adequacy and validity of scientific
and technical evidence. The Interdisciplinary nature of technical activities,
makes 1t necessary to consolidate these resources within one program activity
1n the Interdisciplinary media.
Reprogrammlng. (-$100,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi seel laneous reprogramnrtngs, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of -$100,000.
Congressional Actions. (-$385,200) An additional reduction of -$385,200
was appfild to the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet the Congres-
sional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
- TransferAuthority. (+$338,000) The net Increase applied to this activ-
ity includesanincrease of +$338,000 to Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,542,400 and 68.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,492,400 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$50,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This-is a new budget subactivity for 1982. The primary focus of
this program In 1982 1s the provision of specialized technical assistance to
Headquarters and regional judicial case preparation activities.
NEIC will provide assistance to the air programs in case preparation activi-
ties and technical support to enforcement actions in such areas as compliance
testing and testing for respirable particulates 1n violation of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP).
Assistance to the water program Includes such functions as compliance evalu-
ations and performance audit inspections, Bulti-media Inspections, and technical
support and case preparation in major national cases against municipal and indus-
trial sources. It Includes assisting States and Regions In the preparation of
NPDES permits for complex industrial facilities on a case-by-case basis and
providing technical support and expert testimony for evidentiary permit hearings.
NEIC will provide Investigative and analytical capability for RCRA Section
7003 and radiological hazardous waste evaluations and case preparations. This
Includes such activities as technical evaluation, case preparation, and litigation
support. It will assist Regions, States and localities In the preparation of
RCRA permits. Investigations, and training.
NEIC will assist Headquarters 1n the Implementation of State programs for
toxic substances control and audit of toxic substances contract laboratories
engaged 1n pre-manufacturing notification (PMN) work.
1-30
-------
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,281,000 and 65,2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,241,000 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $40,000 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This 1s
a decrease of $251,400 in Salaries and Expenses and $10,000 in Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Assistance to state enforcement personnel will decrease in
such areas as Inspections, audits, and case preparations as resources are focused
on cases involving major sources and nationally significant issues. Primary
emphasis will be placed on Federal judicial case preparation Involving national
issues and/or significant Regional concerns.
In the air media, case preparation activities and technical support to
enforcement actions will be continued. NEIC will develop sample permits prescrib-
ing Best Available Control Technology (BACT) limits, develop emissions monitoring
protocols and requirements, and continue compliance testing and testing for
respirable participates 1n violation of National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAP).
Me will continue at approximately the 1982 level: water program compliance
evaluations; performance audit inspections; multimedia Inspections; evaluations
of remaining major publicly owned treatment writs (POTWsl suspected of noncompH-
ance; and continuing technical support and case preparation 1n major national
cases against municipal and Industrial sources. Some assistance will be provided
to States and Regions In the preparation of MPOES permits for complex industrial
facilities on a case-by-case basis. Other permit limits will be coordinated
with RCRA permits to achieve effective control of toxic and hazardous substances.
It 1s expected that substantial resources will be necessary for technical support
and expert testimony for evidentiary permit hearings.
Investigative and analytical capability for RCRA Section 7003 and radio-
logical hazardous waste evaluations and case preparations will be continued.
This support will Include technical evaluation, case preparation, litigation
support including testimony by participants, negotiation or participation 1n
negotiations of consent decrees, and evidence audit and quality assurance and
case follow-up functions. NEIC will respond to Agency and some State and local
requests for technical assistance in preparation of RCRA permits, Investigations
of transporter compliance, and training.
NEIC will continue to assist in pesticide field investigations, evidence
gathering, case preparations, use observations, overview monitoring for FIFRA
Section 18 exemptions, and some technical assistance and training of State pesti-
cide inspectors. Some participating pesticide laboratories will be audited
and analytical methods developed in high priority situations.
Emphasis will also be directed toward assistance to Headquarters in the
implementation of State programs for toxic substances control and audit of
toxic substances contract laboratories engaged in premanufacturing notification
(PMN) wort. Technical and analytical support will continue for case development,
quality assurance, evidence audit, emergency response, and criminal investiga-
tions, as well as developing TSCA procedures for inclusion in multi-media
inspection doctrines. '
1-31
-------
Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Research 8 Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Chemical Testing 8
Assessment Non-Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research 8 Development
Monitoring &
Technology Support
Research 8 Development
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
$31
$42
$19
$94
$97
$36
$10
$19
$10
$19
$30
,973.8
,177.5
,952.5
,103.8
690.7
838.3
,146.6
,895.0
,345.7
,702.5
$250,0
,345.7
,952.5
,298,2
$41,400
$41,887
$24,353
$107,640
796
912
$68,394
$58,646
$14,420
$24,353
$14,420
$24,353
$38,773
.1
.1
.5
.7
.7
.7
.0
,0
.1
.5
.1
.5
.6
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
IN THOUSANDS)
$36
$37
$23
$97
$63
$58
$14
$23
$14
$23
$38
,790.5
,349.2
.676.6
,816.3
731.7
836.8
,500.0
,646.0
,331.0
,676.6
,331.0
,676.6
,007.6
$35,
$24,
$16,
$77,
$88,
$58,
$14,
$16,
$14,
$16,
$31,
703.4
735.3
939.1
377.8-
686.5
783.7
528.4
646.0
236.8
939.1
236.8
939.1
175.9
$33,852
$22,603
$12,148
$68,604
607
687
$80,130
$62,000
$14,500
$12,148
$14,500
$12,148
$26,648
.3
.0
.7
.0
.7
.7
.3
.0
.1
.7
.1
.7
.8
-$1,851.1
-$2,132.3
-$4,790.4
-$8,773.8
-78.8
-96.0
-$8,398.1
$3,354.0
$263.3
-$4,790.4
$263.3
-$4,790.4
-$4,527.1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL JANUAWf MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Toxic Substances
Strategies
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compl 1 ance
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compl 1 ance
ABATEMENT « CONTROL TOTAL
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control i
Compl 1 ance
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Toxic Chemicals
Testing 1 Assessment
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
(DOLLARS
$19
$39
$19
$39
$58
$2
$2
$2
$2
$5
,177.9
,594.9
,177.9
,594,9
,772.8
,450.2
,568.6
,450.2
,568.6
,018.8
170.4
170.4
$22,948.
$40,352.
$22,948.
$40,352.
$63,300.
$4,032.
$1,534.
$4,032.
$1,534.
$5,566.
174.
174.
0
7
0
7
7
0
4
0
4
4
4
4
IN THOUSANDS)
$19,241.
$35,814.
$19,241.
$35,814.
$55,056.
$3,218.
$1,534.
$3,218.
$1,534.
$4,752.
174.
174.
5
8
5
8
3
0
4
0
4
4
4
4
$18
$23
$18
$23
$41
$3
$1
$3
$1
$4
,177.2
,537.7
,177.2
,537.7
,714.9
,289.4
,197.6
,289.4
,197.6
,487.0
169.4
169.4
$16.926.
$22,396.
$16,926.
$22,396.
$39,322.
$2,425.
$207.
$2,425.
$207.
$2,632.
153.
153.
3
0
3
0
3
9
0
9
0
9
5
5
-$1,250.9
-$1,141.7
-$1,250.9
-$1,141.7
-$2,392.6
-$863.5
-$990.6
-$863.5
-$990.6
-$1,854.1
-15.9
-15.9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances
Strategies
ABATEMENT S CONTROL TOTAL
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
TOTAL HDRKYEARS
Toxic Chemicals
Testing 4 Assessment
RESEARCH A DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Toxic Substances
Strategies
ABATEMENT & CONTROL TOTAL
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
456.6
456,6
63.7
63.7
210.7
210.7
546.0
546.0
81.6
81.6
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
511.1
511.1
111.2
111.2
212.6
212.6
580.2
580.2
119.9
119.9
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
464.6
464.6
92.7
92.7
212.6
212.6
524.2
524.2
100.0
100.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
428.6
428.6
88.5
88.5
203.4
203.4
484.8
484.8
95. S
95.5
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 V-S 1982
390.3
390.3
63.9
63.9
185. 7
185.7
437.4
437.4
64.6
64.6
-38.3
-38,3
-24.6
-24.6
-17.7
-17.7
-47.4
-47.4
-30.9
-30.9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA has authority to require
testing of commercial chemicals; evaluate the health and environmental risks of
new chemicals before they are manufactured; regulate both new chemicals and
those already in commerce if they are found to cause unreasonable risk; obtain
use, exposure, and other data from chemical companies; and conduct related
activities. EPA's jurisdiction under TSCA includes all commercial chemicals
except foods, food additives, drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, and certain other
special categories. Some 55,000 chemicals are listed in the Agency's inventory
of chemicals subject to TSCA. EPA is receiving notices of manufacturers' intent
to produce new chemicals at a rate of about 800 per year. To handle this work-
load, the regulatory program Is supported by strong research and development and
enforcement operations.
The Agency's major goal under TSCA is to protect human health and the
environment from unreasonable risks posed by chemicals. EPA's objective is to
encourage the chemical Industry and chemical users to evaluate and handle
chemicals in such a way that they will not present unreasonable risks to health
or the environment. To the extent that chemical producers and users take such
action voluntarily, the need for regulatory action 1s reduced; where this approach
will not work, regulatory action 1s taken.
EPA's review of new chemical notices before manufacture 1s one of the
principal functions of the TSCA program. TSCA requires that such notices be
submitted at least 90 days before a manufacturer begins producing a new chemical.
Agency review Is designed to determine whether or not the chemical will pose an
unreasonable risk. Depending upon the evaluation of the chemical, EPA can
prohibit or restrict manufacture, defer manufacture until additional information
1s provided, allow manufacture for certain uses but require additional notice
for others, or take no action and allow manufacture. In cases where the Agency
considers taking specific action, such as prohibiting or restricting manufacture,
the manufacturer 1s requested to supplement the data originally submitted. A
final decision is made only after the manufacturer 1s consulted regarding the
manufacturing process, potential uses, and feasible measures to control risks.
In these cases, manufacturers generally cooperate on a voluntary basis and
supply additional information, or withdraw .the chemical completely. In a
significant number of cases, Agency review Indicates no cause for concern and
the chemical enters manufacture on schedule.
The TSCA testing program requires affected industries to develop new data
needed to assess the health and/or environmental risks of commercial chemicals.
A great many chemicals already 1n commercial use, Including many high-volume,
widely used chemicals, have not been adequately tested for potential hazards.
Thus far, candidates for testing have come exclusively from the recommendations
of the Interagency Testing Committee established under TSCA. EPA 1s Increasingly
trying to work out agreements for voluntary testing by chemical companies as an
alternative to requiring testing by rule. These agreements reduce industry's
regulatory burden and use its professional expertise to evolve innovative means
of generating the data needed for assessing risks as accurately as possible.
TSCA also authorizes the Agency to regulate the manufacture, processing,
distribution, use, and disposal of chemicals already in commerce which pose
an unreasonable risk. The Agency's first step 1n dealing with these chemicals
was to develop processes for obtaining information on the kinds of chemicals
being produced and used. This phase is essentially complete, enabling the
program to proceed toward the task of evaluating the very large amount of
information obtained to date 1n order to set priorities for review of existing
chemicals. In addition to these evaluations, recommendations from the Interagency
Testing Committee form an important basis for the priority-setting process. As
TS-4
-------
the priorities are determined, efforts are concentrated on evaluating present
and potential human or environmental exposures to the chemicals of most concern
and the potential hazards that may be associated with those exposures. The
resulting analyses, along with complementary data such as that on manufactur-
ing and economic factors, lay the groundwork for decisions about using TSCA
authority or other statutes to reduce or minimize identified hazards by devel-
oping negotiated agreements or rules.
TSCA also authorizes the development of recordkeeping and reporting rules
for systematically obtaining chemical data from industries and for keeping
records on the identities and quantities of chemicals being produced and used,
as well as their by-products. For selected chemicals, data are gathered on
such factors as health and environmental effects, exposure to workers, and
manner of disposal. This program also implements the TSCA requirement that
chemical manufacturers, distributors, and processors inform the Agency immedi-
ately if a chemical presents a substantial risk of Injury to health and the
environment.
Toxic substances enforcement activities are directed toward promoting com-
pliance with TSCA regulations, particularly those Intended to prevent or abate
threats to public health or the environment. These activities include monitoring
compliance with existing rules to insure that regulated chemicals are manufac-
tured, handled, and used in accordance with the law; assuring that new chemicals
enter production only after the Agency has reviewed their potential toxicity and
exposure; and assuring that industry, within the agreed upon time period, is
generating the accurate, reliable data needed to make regulatory judgments.
Increasing effort is being devoted to fostering voluntary compliance through
compliance assistance to the chemical industry.
The toxic substances research and development program Is closely linked to
the toxic substances regulatory program. The research program provides scien-
tific tools for use in the massive task of choosing which existing and new chem-
icals require testing and control. The objective of the research program 1s to
develop cost-effective and scientifically accurate models, tests, and methods
so that the Agency can (1) select and concentrate on those chemicals which really
pose unreasonable risk; (2) pinpoint data requirements for health and environ-
mental effects, so that Industry will not be required to perform unwarranted
expensive testing; and (3) streamline the chemical review process.
In support of the new chemical review process, the research program is
pursuing ways that the regulatory program can more effectively evaluate these
chemicals in a much shorter time span. For instance, the research program is
working on developing a structure/activity data base for use 1n the new chemical
review process. The data will assist in predicting the potential effects of a
chemical on which there is little or no specific toxicological information. The
predictions are based on the similarity of the chemical's structure and activity
to the structure and activity of chemicals on which we do have information.
Risk assessments of chemicals have relied on time-consuming, costly animal
testing. The Agency's research effort is developing less costly, and more
efficient test methods (e.g. a screening test for potential carcinogenic effects;
this test greatly improves current short-term bioassays and can be used by
both industry and government agencies).
The research program has expended considerable effort In support of test
guidelines. The research has contributed to the tiered testing approach to
limit test requirements to only those tests which are absolutely necessary.
Use of these tests can reduce the testing cost to Industry and the time required
to evaluate chemicals.
The research program 1s developing an integrated data base and Is performing
research to determine chemical fate, transport and transformation. This Infor-
mation aides in assessing the potential hazards or toxic effects of chemicals in
the environment.
TS-5
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These research tools enable the toxic substances program to make better
decisions on what to control and how much to control. They provide more scien-
tifically credible and legally defensible methods to quantify health and environ-
mental risk, so that the Agency will be better able to determine the adequate
margin of safety for its control actions. The Agency's objective is to synchronize
the minimum level of control with the maximum level of environmental protection.
The toxics Integration activity contributes to the Agency's objective of
reducing regulatory burdens by ensuring that EPA programs dealing with chemical
problems are consistent in their policies and procedures and take action in
a coordinated manner when they are regulating chemical producers and users-
Toxics integration activity includes efforts to promote international agreement
on toxic substances testing and control activities and to make public and
private access easier to non-confidential data on chemical substances.
The toxic substances strategy is designed to develop regulatory and non-
regulatory approaches that provide strong continuing incentives for the private
sector to achieve the TSCA goals of protecting public health and the environment.
One key element In this strategy is issuing exemptions from the Premanufacture
Notification requirement, so that the manufacture of classes of chemicals posing
no significant risk will not be delayed by premanufacture review. Another key
element Is encouragement of voluntary testing by chemical companies. In addition,
the program 1s shifting from the issuance of more rigid test standards to more
flexible test guidelines. This shift will foster Industry innovation in the
development of less burdensome, less costly tests that achieve scientifically
sound results. The reporting and recordkeeping function will continue to focus
on specific chemicals. Efforts will be made to integrate TSCA data gathering
requirements with other such EPA activities on potentially hazardous chemicals
to conserve Industry resources. The result of these activities will tie a
reduction in Industry's regulatory burden and an improved environmental pro-
tection effort.
TS-6
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
SUMMARY. OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(In thousands of dollars)
1982 Toxic Substances Program $77,377.8
Salaries and Expenses -1,851,1
The net decrease of 78,8 permanent workyears
reflects completion of test guidelines develop-
ment for many major health, and environmental
effects, shifts of emphasis to less resource
intensive voluntary controls for existing chem-
icals and shift of some enforcement responsi-
bilities to Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel.
Research and Development -4,790.4
The decrease reflects the completion of much
of the research needed to develop test guide-
lines. Also reduced is funding for the National
Center for Toxicological Research for long-term
research which is no longer needed to support
the implementation of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act.
Abatement, Control and Compliance -2,132.3
The decrease in extramural support reflects
reductions in development, enhancement and ex-
pansion of information systems, discontinuation
of contractor support to the Industry Assistance
Office and completion of the toxic substances
enforcement grant program.
1983 Toxic Substances Program $68,604.0
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGETESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate ,., $107,640.7
Ja nua ry-Ma rch -9,487.9
Reorganization. -336.5
Reprogrammings......, -124.8
Congressional Actions -19,860.2
A decrease of $9,659,200 to Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of $3,614,300 to
Research and Development was taken against the
March estimate to reflect the September 12%
reduction. An additional reduction of
$6,586,700 was applied to the Salaries and
TS-7
-------
(in thousands of dollars)
Expenses ($3,453,900), Research and Develop-
ment ($228,800), and Abatement, Control and
Compliance ($2,904,000) appropriations to
meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation
levels.
Transfer Authority -453.5
A net decrease of $453,500 was transferred from
this program as follows: $2,327,700 was trans-
ferred from Abatement, Control and Compliance;
5608,700 was transferred from Research and De-
velopment; and $2,482,900 was transferred to
Salaries and Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate J77.377.8
TS-8
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
ProgramActivities 1981
TESTING AND EVALUATION
Testing Proqraii!--- Section 4
Test Guidelines Published...... 6
Test Rules Proposed/
Voluntary Agreements 3
Test Rules Final/
Voluntary Agreements .-- 0
Assessment of New Chemicals
Notlces Prescreened............ 581
Initial Review of PHNs 478
Risk Assessments for Potential
S 5(e)/5(f) Orders. 26
Assessment of Existing Chemicals
Chemical Hazard Information"
Prof11es 37
Preliminary Risk Assessment
of Existing Chemicals........ 4
Risk Assessment Supporting
Regs of Existing Chemicals... 1
Substantial Risk Notices
§ 8(e) Reviewed.... 58
CHEMICAL CONTROL
NewChemical Program S5
No. Of PMN Notices Processed..-. 581
PMN Notices Withdrawn,
Negotiated Agreements, or
S 5(e)/5(f) Orders 10
No. of Valid Exemptions 5(h)(4)
Applications Reviewed/
Final Resolution 0
Test Market Exemptions......... 41
No. of SNUR Rules Developed.... 0
Existing Chemical Program § 6
B6. if1 Prereplatory Analyses., 6
No. of Regulatory Analyses
Supporting:
Proposed Rules 0
Final Rules 0
Exemption Requests
Budget Current
Estimate Estimate
1982 1982
69
11 a/
3 a/
800
500
32
55
5
5
75
800
4
2
12
30
9
3
800
560
25
35
3
0
75
800
24 b/ 22
10 5
60 60
12 C/ 6
Increase +
Estimate Decrease -
1983 1983 vs. 1982
65
14
11
1000
600
40
35
1
0
75
1000
23
10
60
1
+35
+5
+8
+200
+40
+15
-2
+200
+1
+J5
-5
-3
-2
+1
a/ The President's budget submitted 1n March 1981 projected 78 proposed and 10
~~ final Individual chemicals. This category has been changed to reflect
Interagency Testing Committee designations which may include from 1 to 300
individual chemicals.
b/ The President's budget submitted in March 1981 separately identified PMN
~ Notices Withdrawn and §5(e)/5(f) Orders.
c/ The President's budget submitted In March projected 42 individual chem-
~ Icals. This category has been changed to reflect the number of rules
being developed. Each rule may Include more than one chemical. In addition,
this activity is more appropriately listed in 'the new chemical program.
TS-9
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
Program Activities 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
TSCA INFORMATION
SectionTT
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Rules Proposed 363 0 -3
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Rules Promulgated , 232 3 +1
TOXICS INTEGRATION
itate Cooperative Agreements
Awarded Under Section 28 3 0 0 0
No. of Intermedia Priority
Pollutant Documents
Produced or Updated 19 12 12 8 -4
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
Inspections Under Section 4
GLP Inspections - 100 125 80 -45
Lab Audits - 20 25 20 -5
Test Rules Inspections - 25 30 29 -5
Inspections Under Section 5..... 10 225 318 265 -53
Inspections Under Section 6 1079 1010 1095 875 -220
Inspections Under Section 8.... 5 68 125 100 -25
Inspections Under Section 12... 20 1.5 -5
Inspections Under Section 13... 2 170 280 200 -30
TS-10
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing * Assessment Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries ft Expenses
Technical Information
& Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
Monitoring Systems ft
Quality Assurance
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Health Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Environmental Engineering
ft Technology
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
Environmental
Processes & Effects
Salaries ft Expenses
Research 8 Development
$84.9
$92.9
$92.2
$92.2
$161.4
$69.2
$241
$17
$1 ,448
$1,017
$3,060
$5,396
$502
$798
$4,862
$6,658
.4
.3 J
.0
.2
.7
.3
.2
.1
.0
.3
$285
$17
$2 ,031
$2,731
$4,501
$7,414
$624
$1,152
$6,737
$7,623
.4
.3
.3
.9
.7
.1
.9
.5
.7
.4
$2
$2
$4
$7
$1
$6
$7
$285
$14
,015
,677
,466
,207
$620
,107
,706
,273
.4
.3
.3
.7
.1
.1
.4
.9
.7
.4
$251.3
$2,195.3
$3,312.8
$4,789.9
$5,698.1
$673,7
$965.9
$6,082.9
$4,373.0
$1
$3
$5
$3
$6
$3
$170
$21
,856
,611
,556
,455
$384
$142
,239
,189
.5
.9
.2
.8
.6
.6
.9
.7
.8
.1
-$80.8
$21.9
-$339.1
$299.0
$766.7
-$2,242.3
-$288.8
-$823.2
$156.9
-$1,183.9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing * Assessment Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
in
i
r\>
Stratospheric
Modification
Salaries * Expenses
Research « Development
National Center For
lexicological Research
Research 4 Development
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
Research A Development
Chemical
Testing £ Assessment
Non-Energy
$146.5
$1,215.1
$146.2
$914.3
$144.9
$896.2
$151.5
$766.0
$130.7
$742.4
-$20.8
-$23.6
$3,173.3 $4,500.0 $4,500.0 $1,823.3 $910.0 -$913.3
$10,345.7 $14,420.1 $14,331.0 $14,236.8 $14,500.1 $263.3
- $19,702.5 $24,353.5 $23,676.6 $16,939.1 $12,148.7 -$4,790.4
TOTAL $30,048.2 $38,773.6 $38,007.6 $31,175.9 $26,648.8 -$4,527.1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical testing 4 Assessment Non-Energy
PEW1ANEHT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
& Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
8 Technology
Environmental
Processes A Effects
Stratospheric Modification
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
1.0 2.0
4.1 4.2
25.3 32.0
45.0 43.2
10.3 11.5
84.7 79.2
2.3
170.4 174.4
3.2 3.5
6.5 6.7
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
2.0
4.2
32.0
43.2
11.5
79.2
2.3
174.4
3.5
6.7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
1.8
4.2
29.2
43.2
11.5
77.2
2.3
169.4
3.3
6.7
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
2.5
1.1
23.2
49.1
5.3
70.5
1.8
153.5
4.0
2.3
.7
-3.1
-6.0
5.9
-6.2
-6.7
-.5
-15.9
.7
-4.4
& Liaison
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing & Assessment Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
Stratospheric Modification
TOTAL WORKYEARS
28.2
48.3
15.5
106.8
2.2
210.7
38.0
49.2
14.2
98.7
2.3
212.6
38.0
49.2
14.2
98.7
2.3
212.6
33.2
48.2
14.2
95.5
2.3
203.4
27.1
55.1
6.2
89.2
1.8
185.7
-6.1
«.9
-8.0
-6.3
-.5
-17.7
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment Non-Energy
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $26,648,800 and 153.5 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $4,527,100 and 15.9 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included 1n this total is $14,500,100 for Salaries and Expenses and $12,148,700
for Research Development. This represents an increase of $263,300 and a de-
crease of 15.9 permanents workyears in Salaries and Expenses and a decrease of
$4,790,400 In Research and Development. The increase reflects the Agency's
desire to improve the in-house scientific quality of our laboratories and Agency-
wide risk assessments of toxic and hazardous chemicals. The decrease reflects
the Completion of much of the research needed to implement test guidelines under
Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act and the reduction of funding to
the National Center for Toxicologies! Research for long-term research which does
not directly support the implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
ProgramDescri pti on
The Chemical Testing and Assessment research and development program is the
toxic substances research program that provides the Office of Toxic Substances
with the scientific tools to Implement the Toxic Substances Control Act. The
goal of the research program is to develop cost effective tests, predictive
models, and methods which (1) improve the Office of Toxic Substances ability
to quantify the risk a chemical poses to human health and the environment,
(2) hasten the chemical evaluation and review process for new and existing
chemicals, and (3) reduce the testing burden on Industry. The current research
program now focuses on: short-term screening tests which predict the risk poten-
tial of new chemicals and streamline the premanufacturing notification new
chemical (and significant new use) review process, the most scientifically ap-
propriate and low cost tests and methods for test guidelines and test standards,
and analyses to determine which manufacturing and engineering processes can
control the harmful effects of a chemical. In 1983, the Agency has carefully
linked its toxic substances research program to the Office of Toxic Substances
needs and is committed to improving the Agency's scientific accuracy and to
closing critical research gaps.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $84,900 for the Scientific Assessment
program, all of which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Scientific Assessment program had lead responsibility for the Agency's
development of a uniform approach to risk assessments. The program developed
draft Agency wide guidelines to use in performing mutagenicity risk and expo-
sure assessments. These draft guidelines improve the scientific and legal
bases the Agency uses to defend its risk assessments by establishing uniform
procedures and methods. The program also directed the Program Integration
Project's evaluation of Agency scientific assessments and contributed to an
evaluation of the risk assessment methodology developed by the Project for Its
integrated Industry-by-lndustry regulatory approach. Additionally, the program
was involved In efforts to develop interagency guidelines for risk assessments.
TS-15
-------
1982 Explanation of Changes froin January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$92,900 $92,200 $92,200
The net decrease of -$700 results from the following action:
- January - March. (-$700) This change represented a decrease of $700
from the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
1962 Program
In 1982 the Agency is allocating a total of $92,200 and 1.8 permanent
work years to this program, all of which are under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1982, the Scientific Assessment program is continuing its efforts to
achieve uniform Agency risk assessments so that the Agency is on firm scientific
and legal ground. Accordingly, the program is (1) completing case studies that
test the validity of the Program Integration Project's Industry-by-industry
risk assessment approach; (2) completing an exposure assessment handbook for
Agency use which explains the appropriate exposure techniques used to assess the
major types of environmental problems; and (3) assisting the various Agency
programs In documenting the production, use, and disposal hazards of specific
chemicals.
1963 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $236,400 and 2.5 permanent workyears for this
program of which $161,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$75,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects an 1n*
crease of $69,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $75,000 1n the
Research and Development appropriation. The increase matches the Agency's greater
concern for uniform and consistent methodologies that can be used Agency wide.
In 1983, the Scientific Assessment program will Improve the scientific qua-
lity of Agency assessments by developing more accurate and cost-effective assess-
ment methodologies for use by program offices. The program will: (1) Identify
more scientifically advanced methods for the Office of Toxic Substances and the
other media regulatory programs; (2) identify more scientifically accurate and
less costly methods for these programs to use; and, (3) based on the results of
its 1982 case studies of the Program Integration Project's Industry-by-industry
risk assessment approach, the Scientific Assessment program will participate 1n
the efforts to modify the risk assessment methodology.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AMD LIAISOH
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are indicated In the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $258,700 for the Technical Information
and Liaison program, of which $241,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $17,300 was for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
TS-16
-------
in 1981 the Technical Information and Liaison program produced the following
technical information products:
- Potential Atmospheric Carcinogens: Phase 2 Analytical Methodology.
- Maintenance of the Organic Chemical Producers Data Base.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$307,700 $299,700 $251,300
The net decrease of -$51,400 results from several actions, as follows:
~ March. (-$3,000) This change represented a decrease of $3,000
from the January budget, all of which was for Research and Development.
This decrease resulted in reduced support to preparation and dissemination
of technical information publications.
" Congressional Actions. (-$48,400) An additional reduction of -$48,400
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a. decrease of -$14,300 to Research and Development and an
increase of +$14,300 to Salaries and Expenses. The reduction is minimal
and represents lower costs than anticipated. The Salaries and Expenses
increase will cover essential operating costs.
1182 Program
In 1932, the Agency -is allocating a total of $251,300 and 4.2 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1982, the management information system Is providing the Toxic Substances
Chemical and Testing Research Committee with program and project summaries and
technology transfer Information which is of use to the Office of Toxic Substances.
This committee is composed of representatives from the Office of toxic Substances
and the Office of Research and Development, and it plans the research which the
Office of Research and Development produces for the Office of Toxic Substances.
The program also produced the following technical Information products:
- Correlation Project Research Support.
- Exposure Assessment Handbook.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $192,400 and 1.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $170,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 521,900 1s for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $80,800 and an increase of $21,900, respectively. The increase
will support the automated management system; the decrease can occur because
the management system will be fully operative in 1983.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress providing
the necessary technical information to States and local officials in support of
their increased role in administering envi ronnental programs.
TS-17
-------
MONITORINGSYSTEMS AMDQUALITYASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,465,200 for the Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance program, of which $1,448,000 was under the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and SI,017,200 was for extramural purposes under the
Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance program directed Its
efforts Into activities which will Improve the scientific quality and capability
of the Office of Toxic Substances. Specifically, 1t worked with the Office of
Toxic Substances on the following projects.
- Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act requires that the Agency
have Information on the environmental Impacts of chemicals for existing
and new chemicals. As part of this effort, the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances needs to validate models 1t uses to predict the environmental
Impact of chemicals on streams. The program supplied an Interim guide-
line on the type and quality of monitoring data the Office of Toxic
Substances needs to collect to validate the models.
- The Office of Toxic Substances needs to be able to more adquately define
the concentration levels of environmental pollutants which pose unreason-
able risk to human health in order to prepare risk assessments 1n support
of Sections 4 and 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. The Monitoring
Systems and Quality Assurance program Is conducting a two-year field
study to develop and test measurement techniques and Instruments that
can determine total human exposure to selected environmental pollutants.
These techniques and Instruments will provide Improved exposure estimates
for risk assessments.
- The Office of Toxic Substances needs to Improve Its capability to relate
pollutant exposure to the source of the pollutant, so that harmful chemi-
cals can be controlled under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act. The Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance program 1$ testing
the first phase of a multimedia monitoring system that will be used in
this effort.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,763,200 $4,693,000 $5,508,100
The net increase of +$744,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$70,200) This change represented a decrease of
5/0,200 from the January budget, of which $16,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $54,200 was for Research and Development. This decrease re-
sulted 1n a less expensive base quality assurance program designed to
provide quality assurance as an integral portion of the Office of Re-
search and Development's research program In support of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act. '
" Reprogrmiing. (+$1,274,800) This reprogramming of +1,369.400 provides
funds forthe Total Exposure Assessment study. This study concerns expo-
sure monitoring programs and, as such, more logically fits within the
monitoring systems and quality assurance program. Monitoring was a com-
ponent of an environmental processes and effects program for which envi-
ronmental processes and effects had overall Initial planning and coordi-
nating responsibility. The transfer of fund? to monitoring reflects the
TS-18
-------
intent of the initial program. (This reprogramming was included in a
letter to Congress on December 16, 1981.)
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous re-
pro grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this
activity and resulted in a net decrease of -594,600.
- Congressional fictions. (-$459,700) A reduction of -$91,000 was taken
against tne March estimate reflecting the Septmeber 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. This reduction in extramural
resources results from the lack of need to provide contractual support from
delayed or terminated intramural efforts.
An additional reduction of -$368,700 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses ($304,500) and Research and Development ($64,200) appropriations
to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authprity. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$502,500 to Research and Development and an
increase of +$502,500 to Salaries and Expenses. The Research and Devel-
opment decrease reflects the postponement of modest outputs until 1983.
The Salaries and Expenses increase will support major in-house projects
of the lab, maintenance and repair of analytical instruments and computer
equipment, building maintenance, and purchase of gases and CO monitors.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,508,100 and 29.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,195,300 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,312,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance program priorities are
to improve the quality of data which the Office of Toxic Substances collects to
meet Toxic Substances Control Act information requirements and to advance the
state-of-the-art where critical deficiencies exist. The research program goal
is to streamline and reduce costs of Section 4 testing and analysis requirements.
- The Office of Toxic Substances needs procedures and protocols for biolo-
gical testing it requires under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act. Additionally, the Office of Toxic Substances needs to be able to
evaluate laboratories that conduct this testing. The research program
is therefore initiating a quality assurance program and developing
laboratory evaluation guidelines on biological testing for the Office of
Toxic Substances.
- Many of the methods to analyze toxic substances are still on the
frontier. The research program will continue Its commitment to develop
methods to collect and measure chemicals such as polar compounds.
Research on high pressure liquid chromatography techniques will advance
the Agency's ability to determine the components of complex mixtures.
- The 1981 research will continue as originally intended.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,468,000 and 23.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,856,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and S3,611,800 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $339,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase
of $299,000 in the Research and Development appropriation. The decrease results
from a shift of in-house Salaries and Expenses resources to the Research and De-
velopment appropriation. The Increase will be used to strengthen the methods
TS-19
-------
development program, primarily through the field testing of new sampling materials
and measurement Instruments needed for chemicals which are either currently regu-
lated or are being evaluated under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act.
In 1983, the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance program will continue
to develop Improved methods and protocols to more effectively ensure that the
Agency's testing and evaluation procedures produce data of the highest possible
quality. The Office of Toxic Substances needs sophisticated, chemical-specific,
sampling materials and measurement Instruments 1n order to evaluate and regulate
chemicals under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Mays 1n which
the program will support the Office of Toxic Substances are through activities
such as:
- Continuation of the 1982 research to develop new sampling methods and
improved high pressure liquid chromatography systems to analyze complex
mixtures.
- Publication of protocols that outline procedures to assure the quality
and consistency of data when blood and urine tests are used in chemical
exposure and effects evaluation.
- Continuation of the quality assurance audits that assure that data
collected on asbestos contained in school walls and equipment can sup-
port control action decisions by the Agency.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $8,207,000 for the Health Effects
program, of which $3,060,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 35,146,300 was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
The 1981 Health Effects program contributed to the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act by conducting research
that supports Section 4 test guidelines and Section 4 test rules. Under Section
4 of Toxic Substances Control Act, the Office of Toxic Substances has the authority
to issue test rules that require Industry to test existing commerical chemicals
for potential hazards. When issuing such a test rule, the Agency must prescribe
the exact nature of the required test and outline guidelines that manufacturers
must follow in conducting these tests. Health Effects research 1s directed to
the development and improvement of testing guidelines and rules in seven disci-
plinary areas specifically mandated by Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act: acute, subchronic, and chronic testing; neurotoxiclty and behavioral effects
testing; mutagenicity testing; cardnogenlcity testing; teratology and reproduc-
tive effects testing; epidemiology; and metabolism. In each discipline, research
Is conducted to develop new tests and evaluate existing ones in order to assure
that the most valid, sensitive, and economical test systems are recommended by
the Office of Toxic Substances. Particular emphasis is given to the development
of tests that are less expensive or are more rapidly performed in order to reduce
the burden of toxicity testing on Industry.
Major 1981 research accomplishments which support test guidelines and test
rules include the following:
Acute, Subchronic. and Chronic Testing. Research to develop and validate
a testing approach for screening chemicals for potential immunotoxicity was
Initiated, and work on this project continues into 1982. The research objective
is to select model test systems which are the most sensitive and cost-effective.
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Teratology and Reproductive Effects Testing. The validation of a cost ef-
fective. in vivo teratology screen was completed. This test system is now being
used by industry to meet Agency data requirements on new chemicals and by other
government agencies to screen chemicals.
Neurptoxicolpgy and Behavioral EffectsTesting. The first phase of the de-
velopmentand validation of a method to evaluate motor activity in animals exposed
to toxicants was completed. Results of this study were used by the Agency to
develop a motor activity test rule.
tlutagenicity Testing. Developmental studies on the mouse lymphoma assay
have confirmed that it can Indeed detect both gene mutations and chromosomal
damage in the same system. Once validated, this unique test system can be
recommended by the Agency in a test guideline or rule as a more reliable, sen-
sitive, and economical mutagenlc screening test. In addition the Genetox
data base was established to manage results and monitor chemical testing in
other government laboratories. This computer system provides a rapid, scientific
resource of genetic toxicology data for use in regulatory decisions.
Carcinogem'city Testing. A method was developed to detect potential carci-
nogens which involves the culturing of Intact metabolizing cells (cells that are
capable of altering the parent test compound to its active form) together with
the indicator cells (cells in which the biological effect is measured). This
co-cultivation system is important because it greatly Improves the sensitivity
of available short-term bloassays to detect potential cancer causing agents. In
addition 12 model carcinogens (e.g., methylnitrosourea, chloroform) were used to
validate each of the three major test systems which comprise the carcinogenesis
testing matrix.
Metabolism ....Jesting. In vitro studies were completed on the comparative
ffletabollsiiTbf aflaioxfn and beta-naphthalene, two known carcinogens, in human
and animal bronchus and bladder tissues. These results will help us understand
the role of metabolism in chemical carcinogenesis and will be used to select the
most appropriate animal system to predict the human response, when issuing test
rules.
In order to provide a sound scientific basis for the evaluation of chemicals
by the Office of Toxic Substances and the regulatory process, the Health Effects
program also conducts research on specific chemicals in order to provide all the
scientific information needed to write test guidelines and rules. In 1981, stu-
dies were completed which indicate that an environmentally sound, asbestos-related
mineral fiber was shown to be as tumorogenic as commercial asbestos, a known
carcinogen. Since these fibers are not commercially produced, there Is no in-
dustry to bear the burden of testing; therefore, the Agency must perform its own
research. Based on these results, data is being analyzed for the development of
information for constructing biological and mlnerologlcal models to predict po-
tential tumorogenesis of other naturally occurino fibers and asbestos substitutes.
These models should reduce the need for extensive testing on these other fibers.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$11,915,800 . $11,673,200 $10,488,000
The net decrease of -$1,427,800 results from several actions, as follows:
~ Jgnuary - March. (-$242,600) This change represented a decrease of
$242,61)0 from the January budget, of which $35,600 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $207,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in reduced effort in developing tests for reproductive effects
of toxic substances.
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ngn
applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($1,085,200) and Research and Devel-
opment (5100,000) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appro-
priation levels.
- Transfer Author1 ty. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
Is made up of a decrease (-$1,409,000) to Abatement, Control and Compliance
and an increase (+$1,409,000) to Salaries and Expenses. The reduction 1n
Research and Development funds reflects the decrease of Office of Health
Research contributions to lower priority long-term research. The Increase
1n Salaries and Expenses will permit the purchase of essential supplies and
equipment.
1982Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $10,488,000 and 43.2 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,789,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,698,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, the Health Effects program continues to develop specific research
to support Implementation of test guidelines, test rules, and the new chemical
review process under Sections 4 and 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Research will continue to evaluate and refine screening tests in each of the dis-
ciplinary areas specifically mandated under the Toxic Substances Control Act in
order to ensure that the most valid, sensitive and economical ones are recommended
to industry by the Agency. The 1982 program focuses on: (1) acute, subchronlc.
and chronic testing that concentrates on the development and validation of immuno-
toxicological, pulmonary, and cardiovascular model test systems and selection
of animal species that best serve as predictors of human disease processes;
(2) teratologlcal and reproductive effects testing to develop and validate
screening methods to detect adverse effects on the reproductive system and to
determine potential perinatal and early prenatal adverse responses to chemicals;
(3) neurotoxlcological and behavioral effects testing to develop screening tests
to determine the effects of toxicants upon the functional and structural Integrity
of the nervous system; (4) mutageniclty testing to develop and refine the tiered,
short-term genetic damage testing scheme; (5) cardnogenlcity testing for validat-
ing short-term tests for inclusion in the three-tiered cancer testing matrix;
(6) metabolism research to determine the test species that best approximate
human response, the chemical reactivity of intermediates, and the interaction
of metabolic intermediate compounds with DMA; (7) population toxicology stu-
dies to assess the cause and determinants of chronic disease when there are
pre-existing human exposure situations; and (8) chemical-specific research on
asbestos and asbestos-like materials to develop test systems to predict the
adverse effects of these materials.
In 1982, the program will also conduct structure/activity relationship re-
search In support of the Agency's Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 5, new
chemical review process. This Section provides authority for the Agency to
require industry to conduct toxicity testing on new chemicals (or significant
new use) prior to their commercial manufacture. In order to determine whether
a new chemical poses unreasonable risk or needs additional testing, the Health
Effects program 1s developing techniques and data bases which allow the user to
make predictions on new chemicals based on the chemical's similarity to structure
and activity of chemicals on which we have "Information. These techniques will
Improve the scientific accuracy of, and will streamline, the Agency's new chemical
review process.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,012,400 and 49.1 permanent worteyears for
this program, of which $5,556,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,455,800 Is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
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an Increase of $766,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease
of $2,242,300 in the Research and Development appropriation. The Increase Mill
cover higher laboratory costs. The decrease represents the completion of much
of the research for the Initial Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control
Act test guidelines.
The 1983 program 1s designed to more effectively meet the Increasing and
changing demands of the Toxic Substances Control Act's Implementation. The
scientific support required by the Toxic Substances Control Act has been carefully
reexamlned and efforts to produce and validate more reliable cost effective
testing methods for Industry are of high priority.
This program will conduct research in support of two major areas: (1) the
Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 4, test guidelines and rules and (2) the
Toxic Substances Control Act's Section 5, new chemical review process.
Test Guljjellnes^and^.RulM. This program will continue to develop, refine,
and validate iesf""p'rS:tocols 'for determining the adverse health effects of commer-
cial chemicals In each of the disciplinary areas mandated by the Toxic Substances
Control Act. Research will focus on the development and validation of test
systems and the selection of animal species that serve as predictors of human
disease processes. Methods capable of evaluating responses of entire systems to
a toxicant Insult (e.g., cardiovascular system; Immune system) or specific
9*i c
(e.g.,
target organ toxlclty (e.g., liver, kidney, heart, lung) will be investigated.
- Short-term test methods to evaluate specific neurophyslologlcal, neuro-
chenrical and neurobehavloral parameters will continue to be developed to
assess the functional and structural integrity of the nervous system.
- More sensitive and less expensive screening methods will be refined to
detect adverse effects on reproductive organs and processes and to de-
termine potential perinatal and developmental effects of toxic substances.
- Research will also continue to refine the tiered, short-term genetic
testing scheme which Includes tests which can screen for, and confirm,
mutagenlcity.
- The validation of short-term tests for Inclusion 1n the three-tiered
cancer testing matrix will continue in order to determine the most
reliable, sensitive, and economical scheme to estimate the carcinogenic
risk of toxic substances.
Research In metabolism will continue to evaluate methods to determine
which animal model best approximates the human response 1n order to
evaluate absorption, distribution, and metabolism of chemicals and to
assess the reaction of Intermediate compounds with target organs.
- Research will also continue to develop and validate methods In the area
of population toxicology for determining effective Internal dose through
the use of chemical-specific dosimeters, blood, urine, and tissue analyses
and the study of chemical-receptor Interactions 1n animals and humans.
Methods to determine Indicators of adverse response will also be validated
1n order to better understand the biological significance of human test
systems and to verify the ability of. animal models to predict the human
situatlon.
The data from each of the above areas will be used for regulatory testing
standards and guidelines and for the risk assessments needed for regulatory
decisions. The toxiclty of non-commerlcal asbestos silicates, to which people
are environmentally exposed from mining and quarrying, will also be evaluated In
order to provide health Information not otherwise available through manufacturer
testing or existing scientific literature and data bases; this information may
be utilized In test rules.
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New Chemical Review Process. The objective of the research 1s to develop
techniques, models,and data bases to predict the metabolism, mode of action, and
suspected tenacity (e.g., carcinogenic, mutagenlc, pulmonary, etc.), of a wide
variety of premanufacture notification chemicals based on structure/activity
relationships so that the Agency can reduce the economic burden of testing on
industry. This information will be used to decide whether or not there Is a
need for further testing by industry before a potentially hazardous chemical is
commercially produced.
EMVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 AccoropJIshments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,300,300 for the Environmental
Engineering and Technology program, of which $502,200 was under the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $798,100 was for extramural purposes under the
Research and Development appropriation.
The Environmental Engineering and Technology program provides engineering
studies and other analyses of chemical manufacturing methods regarding the
potential of the methods to reduce or eliminate toxic contamination and/or toxic
waste discharges. These studies and analyses are valuable to the Office of
Toxic Substances in deciding whether or not to regulate. For, if it is known
that a chemical manufacturing process or a chemical disposal process adequately
controls a harmful chemical, the Agency may be able to allow use of the chemical.
The Environmental Engineering and Technology program, therefore, supports the
Office of Toxic Substances in the new chemical review process and in the chemical
evaluation and control process. The Environmental Engineering and Technology
program also provides support to Regional toxics enforcement efforts. The
Environmental Engineering and Technology program support is in the form of
direct consultation support and In the form of research studies and analyses.
Direct Consultation Support. In 1981, more than 300 premanufacturlng noti-
fications were revlewed by the Environmental Engineering and Technology program
for the new chemical review process. The Environmental Engineering and Techno-
logy program developed and maintained data bases for the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances to use in both the new chemical review process and in chemical control
actions. Technical consultation was provided to Regions I, II, V, VI, and VII
for enforcement activities regarding PCBs, dioxins and furans.
Research Studies and Analyses. The Environmental Engineering and Techno-
logy program assessedalternative ways to dispose of PCBs and began research on
alternative non-thermal disposal methods for PCBs, The Environmental Engineering
and Technology program is studying asbestos in commercial products. Also, the
program will examine materials which could potentially be proposed as substitutes
for asbestos.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,777,400 $1,728,300 $1,639,600
The net decrease of -5137,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- January- March. (^$49,100) This change represented a decrease of
549,loo ff-ofti He January budget, of which 54,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $44,600 was for Research and Development. This decrease re-
sulted in reduced effort in the area of substitute/alternative manufac-
turing methods to reduce or eliminate toxic contamination and/or toxic
waste discharges.
TS-Z4
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- COngressi pnal Acti ons. (-$88,700) A reduction -$88,700 was applied
to we Salaries and Expenses ($62,400) and Research and Development
($26,300) appropriations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up ofa decrease of -$115,700 to Research and Development and an
increase of +5115,700 to Salaries and Expenses. There will be a delay in
lower priority projects. -The Salaries and Expenses increase will allow
lab program reviews and monitoring of extramural projects, as well as
more program evaluation studies.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,639,600 and 11.5 permanent
work years to this program, of which $673,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $965,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Devel opment appropri ati on.
In 1982, the Environmental Engineering and Technology program will continue
its direct support to the new chemical review process and to Regional enforcement
efforts. Additionally, the Environmental Engineering and Technology program will
provide valuable assistance to the States and Regions through the publication of
guidance documents to use in the implementation of the PCB disposal regulations.
Another guidance document will be published which characterizes and estimates
the release rates of asbestos from the use and disposal of commerical products.
Valuable information on the release rates of plastic additives, rubber, paper
chemicals, and dyestuffs will be made available.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $527,600 and 5.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $384,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $142,700 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects a
decrease of $288,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $823,200
in the Research and Development appropriation. The decrease will result in more
dependence on in-house research capabilities and a shift to add support to high
priority hazardous waste research.
The 1983 program will continue supplying technical support to the Office of
Toxic Substances for review of premanufacturing notifications. The program will
also continue to provide direct technical consultation to Regional offices for
enforcement activities regarding PCBs, dioxins, furans, and other toxic chemcials.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $11,520,300 for the Environmental
Processes and Effects program, of which $4,862,000 was under the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $6,658,300 was for extramural purposes under
the Research and Development appropriation.
The Environmental Processes and Effects program, similar to the Health
Effects program, contributed to the implementation of the Toxic Substances
Control Act by conducting research that supports test guidelines, test rules,
the new chemical review process, and the chemical evaluation and control
process. The program develops tests and models that assess how hazardous or
toxic a chemical will or will not be in the environment at various levels of
concentration; and whether the chemical will persist In the environment, or
whether it will be diffused or degraded. The Office of Toxic Substances can
use the models for the new chemical review process and prior to issuing test
TS-25
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rules to predict risk and to. evaluate which chemicals need more testing. The
Office of Toxic Substances uses the tests developed by environmental research
1n test guidelines that Industry follows when It conducts testing on chemicals.
Information gleaned by the tests and models enables the Office of Toxic Substances
to assess whether or not a chemical poses unreasonable risk.
Major 1981 Environmental Processes and Effects research efforts and the
Toxic Substances Control Act Implementation activities they support are:
- The final version of a user's manual for an evaluated and refined exposure
analysis modeling system was completed. This model Is being used by the
Office of Toxic Substances and others, Including Industry and acadenrfa,
to estimate environmental concentrations, and the expected fate, of
chemicals Introduced Into aquatic ecosystems.
- A study of the fate of a number of toxic air pollutants was reported,
using newly developed experimental protocols that measure reaction rate
constants. The Information was used to estimate environmental risk such
as the effects of migration of certain air pollutants Into the stratosphere
and the troposphere.
- Major technical assistance was provided to the Office of Toxic Substances
1n evaluating the environmental risk resulting from the manufacture,
distribution, use, and disposal of six chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents.
This document 1s being used by the Agency to make regulatory decisions
1n the Agency wide effort to Integrate toxic chemical programs.
- Tests previously developed for the measurement of toxicity have been val-
idated through a series of Inter-laboratory comparisons. These tests pro-
vide methods to evaluate acute and chronic toxldty and bloaccumulatlon;
and, they also provide methods to conduct bioassays and life-cycle stu-
dies on freshwater, marine, and estuarlne organisms 1n response to toxic
chemical Insults to the environment.
- The research program has completed a data base and established Initial cor-
relations to predict toxiclty and bloaccumulatlon from structure/activity
relationships for nine classes of chemicals commonly observed 1n premanu-
facture notification reviews. As a result, the process of screening toxic
materials will be considerably shortened, and the resource requirements
will be reduced.
1982 Expl anation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
514,361,100 $13,980,100 $10,455,900
The net decrease of -53,905,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" January-March. (-$381,000) This change represented a decrease of
s3₯l,QWfrom the January budget, of which $31,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $350,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted 1n a reduction 1n environmental exposure and effects research
and methods development.
- Reprogrammlng. (-$1,412,100) This reprogramnrlng transfers $1,396,700
for the total Exposure Assessment study. This study concerns exposure
monitoring programs and, as such, more logically fits within the monitor-
Ing systems and quality assurance program. Monitoring was a component
of an environmental processes and effects program for which environmental
processes and effects had overall Initial planning and coordinating
responsibility. The transfer of funds to-monitoring reflects the Intent
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of the Initial program. (This reprogramnring was included in the letter
to Congress on December 16, 1981.)
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous
reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this
activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$15,400.
- Cqn|ressiona1 Actions. (-$1,737,100) A reduction of -$846,600 was taken
against the Marchestimate reflecting the September 1256 reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. A portion of the reduction
($827,700) reflects the House and Senate Conference action on our 1982
appropriation Bill. The additional reduction ($18,900) has a slight
impact on the round robfn evaluations of the "fate process" protocols
for obtaining equilibrium constants.
An additional reduction of -$890,500 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$375,000) The net decrease applied to this acti-
vity is made up of a decrease of -$761,000 to Research and Development and
an increase of +$386,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The decrease to Re-
search and Development results from the completion of much of the research
which supports test standards and test rules and the delay and/or reduc-
tions in scope of lower priority projects. The Increase to Salaries and
Expenses will be used to meet shortfalls 1n lab operations.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $10,455,900 and 77.2 permanent
work years to this program, of which $6,082,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,373,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The objective of the 1982 program is to develop Improved, validated, and
cost-effective methodologies that predict transport and fate of toxic chemi-
cals in the environment and that define exposure and hazards associated with
toxic chemicals to environmental species and ecosystems. Such methodologies
are critical in evaluating environmental risk under Section 4 of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act and in evaluating new chemicals under Section 5.
The 1982 research program consists of four major themes, a description of
which follows.
Enyironmenta]Fate. The research is comprised of two components that
sequeriti ally lead to methodologles that evaluate how toxic substances impact
the environment. These components are process characterization and test method
development.
- Process characterization examines basic environmental mechanisms of
toxic substances, such as photolysis and microbial degradation and the
fate of toxic chemicals in soil and water.
- Test method development extends the study of certain of these mechanisms
to establish reproducible, "standard" tests for environmental processes
such as chemical leaching in soil, hydroponic uptake, or root exposure.
Environmental Toxicology. The research develops methodologies that define
the toxiciiy and hazard of Chemicals to organisms and to their ecosystems. Such
methodologies are used to test chemicals and to estimate environmental hazard from
chemicals as required under Sections 4 and 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
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Environmental toxicology tests currently being developed are classified into
the following four areas:
- Aquatic toxicology research Identifies, develops, and validates testing
methods to define hazards of chemicals to freshwater, marine, and
estuarine species.
- Terrestrial toxicology research develops, for both plant and animal
species, methodologies to define plant uptake, phytotoxldty, tvioaccumu-
lation, and toxicity of chemicals to food-chain systems.
- Environmental genetic toxicology research studies the interaction of
chemical and physical agents with the process of heredity; this produces
important information on toxic, pathogenic, and carcinogenic effects.
- Ecotoxicology research studies the effects of toxic chemicals on eco-
system processes, as well as on species of concern to man.
Developmentof Predictive Techniques. The research focuses on methods that
can quickly and reliably evaluatetoxic hazards and exposure concentrations of
large numbers of chemicals in various compartments of the environment (air,
water, and terrestrial). Data on hazard and exposure are being used by the
Office of Toxic Substances in risk estimations of chemicals under the Toxic
Substances Control Act. Four approaches In developing the Agency's predictive
capability comprise this effort:
- Comparative toxicology is the study of the relative sensitivity of
various biological taxa to Individual toxic materials or to toxic
materials in general. The results of this research enable the Agency
to choose a single species to serve as a surrogate for a larger community
in test guidelines and rules.
- Structure/activity concepts utilize molecular structure characteris-
tics, physical/chemical properties, transport and transformation char-
acteristics, and chemical-free energy relationships of chemicals to
predict the fate and toxic effects of chemicals. Structure/activity
models will be used by the Office of Toxic Substances to rapidly and
Inexpensively screen classes of existing or new chemicals to determine
if they pose substantial risk or if they can be exempted from the new
chemical review process.
- Exposure assessment models are being developed to predict the exposure
concentration of chemicals in various environmental media. The exposure
concentration data generated by these models enable the Agency to fulfill
Its Sections 4 and 5 responsibilities to determine the risk chemicals
may pose to humans and to the environment.
- Effects models are being developed to provide rapid, simple, and
cost-effective techniques to predict accumulation and effects of toxic
chemicals in food chain systems.
Extrapolation from theLaboratory to the Real Environment. The objective of
the researcnf Ts to vaTTdateT 1 abbratory test methods and models 1n microcosms,
model ecosystems, and field situations. In this way, these test methods and
models are made valid, meaningful, and legally enforceable, thereby strengthening
the Agency's capability to make regulatory decisions on an improved scientific
basis. The sequential steps in this activity are as follows:
- Microcosms and model ecosystems are being developed to predict fate,
effects, and movement of chemicals in freshwater, groundwater, marine
estuarine, and terrestrial environments.
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- Field validation Improves exposure concentration predictions and toxic
effect assessments by evaluating the laboratory fate and effects models
In natural ecosystems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,428,900 and 70.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,239,800 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,189,100 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
an increase of $156,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease
of $1,183,900 in the Research and Development appropriation. The Increase will
cover higher laboratory costs. The decrease reflects the completion of Initial
test method development on environmental fate and toxiclty required for the
implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
The 1983 Environmental Processes and Effects program has been designed
to more effectively develop and validate reliable, cost effective methods for
testing toxic chemicals, as well as to provide support for development and
validation of predictive methods for toxic chemicals in support of the new
chemical review process. The objectives are to Improve scientific accuracy and
to strengthen the Agency's legal position. The main thrusts of the 1983 plan
Include: (1) the development of methodologies and validation of models which
define chemical exposure and environmental risk from chemical substances and
mixtures; (2) the development of predictive methods to rapidly screen potential
fate and environmental toxiclty of new chemicals under Section 5 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act; and (3) the identification of laboratory tests and models
to be validated under field situations in the Agency's Program Integration Project.
The 1983 research program consists of seven major themes. Four of these
continue research from 1982. Three new themes are added in 1983; they are:
indirect human exposure, data base development, and technical assistance. The
research to be conducted under these themes follows.
Envi ronmental Fate.
- The Office of Toxic Substances needs standard advanced fate tests which
precisely define laboratory test parameters so that test results can be
extrapolated to the real environment. Such fate tests will provide
exposure data for chemical risk assessments performed by the Office of
Toxic Substances under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
- The program will address the specific need of the Office of Toxic
Substances by developing methodologies for testing the fate, effects,
and exposure of metal and organ onset allies in the environment. Such
methodologies will enable the Office of Toxic Substances to carry out
risk assessments for organometalUcs.
Env1ronmental Toxi cology.
- Research will continue in aquatic toxicology. The Office of Toxic Sub-
stances uses, the validated tests in test rule development for determining
the hazard and risk of chemicals under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances
Control Act.
- The Agency has developed several test methods for defining toxiclty
based on single species. System-level research will now focus on
developing tests to define toxiclty at the community level. The Office
of Toxic Substances needs data on toxic effects at the ecosystem level
when it evaluates the total toxiclty of chemicals.
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- The development of culturing techniques will help to define and standar-
dize species and diets for environmental effects testing. Such standar-
dization of species will reduce the number of species, and hence resources,
in the tests required to evaluate chemicals under Section 4 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act.
- Research will continue to develop terrestlal toxicology which the Office
of Toxic Substances needs to evaluate the impact of toxic chemicals on
the environment, and ultimately, on man.
DevelopmentofPredictive Techniques.
- Exposure assessment models will predict exposure concentrations of
chemicals in air, water, land, food chains, and multi-media environments.
During 1983 work will be devoted to developing and validating such models.
Data generated by these predictive methodologies will be used by the
Office of Toxic Substances to perform risk assessments and risk benefit
determinations on chemicals.
- The program will continue to develop structure/activity methods for
rapid toxidty and fate screening of existing and new chemicals and for
extending hazard evaluation methods to additional classes or types of
chemicals by comparative techniques. This approach will provide a
cost-effective tool for the evaluation of the potential toxtclty of new
chemicals.
- Comparative toxicology 1s designed to define (1) how much testing Is
needed for an adequate assessment of risk, (2) when one species can be
used to test and predict for other species, and (3) which combination of
species and toxlcity tests can be considered most predictive. It will
also involve the assessment of the relative sensitivity of various
testing systems (single species, multlspecies, microcosms, etc.). This
research will reduce the number of species to be tested under Section 4
of the Toxic Substances Control Act, and thereby decrease the costs of
testing.
Extrapolation from the Laboratory to the Real Environment.
- The program will continue to develop microcosms and model ecosystems to
validate test methods and models. Microcosms provide a cost-effective
tool to validate exposure assessment models and to screen the fate and
effects of chemicals in order to implement Sections 4 and 5 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act. This research will provide the capability to
extrapolate from laboratory models and methods to the real environment.
- The field validation program will focus on Identifying tests and models
that should be validated. Such field validation studies will improve
the scientific basis of regulation conducted by the Office of Toxic
Substances.
Indi rect Human Exppsure. Activities will focus on developing methodologies
to measure and predict indirect human exposure that occurs through consumption of
plants and animals that have become contaminated. The Office of Toxic Substances
needs such techniques, along with direct exposure assessment data, to perform
risk assessments on toxic chemicals.
Data Base Deyelppment. The program will develop a specialized data base
system by compiling, consol 1 datlng, and critically reviewing existing chemical
and toxidty data. The Information generated will be Incorporated into a
user-oriented data base to be used by the Office of Toxic Substances in evalu-
ating complex data on new chemicals.
TS-30
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Technical Assistance. The program will provide technical assistance to the
Officeof toxic Substances and to the Regions In several areas. These areas
are: (1) critical review and screening of selected new chemicals under consi-
deration for Section 5 premanufacture notification exemption, (2) support as
required for validation of toxicity tests, and (3) exposure and risk assessments.
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
1981Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,361,600 for the Stratospheric Modifi-
cation program, of which $146,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,215,100 was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Stratospheric Modification research is mandated by the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977. The purpose of the Stratospheric Modification program
is to provide state-of-the-art knowledge and coordinate research on the causes,
effects, and control of stratospheric ozone depletion.
The major accomplishments of the 1981 Stratospheric Modification program
include:
- Continuation of research and assessment of the present knowledge on the
relationship between ultrav1olet-B radiation and skin cancer. The re-
search indicates that the relationship between ultraviolet-B radiation
and melanoma skin cancer is not as certain or straightforward as the
relationship between ultrav1olet-B radiation and nomelanoma skin cancer.
The evidence Indicates the existence of a complex relationship.
- Continuation of research which provided updated data for use by the
National Academy of Sciences and other organizations engaged In making
Improved Integrated assessments of the causes and effects and controls
of stratospheric ozone depletion.
- Continuation of studies of ultraviolet-B effects on key marine life
forms. The specific target populations and methodologies used in these
studies were based in part on the results of the studies conducted in
1980 on plankton organisms, shrimp and crab larvae, and mackerel.
- Initiation of studies on the adaptability of plants under field condi-
tions to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation in order to understand why
plants are affected to a greater degree in laboratory control chambers
than 1n the field. The plants selected for study (wheat, corn, soybeans,
rice, citrus) have high economic value. The program continued to study
the role and effects of ultraviolet-B radiation 1n the photosynthetic
process.
- Initiation of the third biennial research report to Congress on research
concerning causes and effects of stratospheric ozone depletion.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,060,500 $1,041,100 1917,500
The net decrease of -$143,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$19,400) This change represented a decrease of
$19,400 from the January budget, of which $1,300 was for Salaries and Ex-
penses and $18,100 was for Research and Development. This decrease
TS-31
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resulted 1n a slight reduction in the research on biological effects
(non-health, specifically ultra violet band aquatic and agricultural
effects).
- Congressional Actions. (-$41,700) A reduction of -$41,700 was applied
to salaries and Expenses ($3,400) and Research and Development ($38,300)
appropriations to meet Congressional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$81,900) The net decrease applied to this acti-
vity is made up of a decrease of -$91,900 to Research and Development and
an increase of +$10,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Research and De-
velopment decrease results from lower cost estimates; there is, therefore
no adverse impact on the program. The Salaries and Expenses increase
will cover essential operating costs of the program.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $917,500 and 2.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $151,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $766,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
The 1982 Stratospheric Modification research program is currently focused
to:
- Work closely with the National Academy of Sciences, who will publish
a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art knowledge and research
needs.
- Prepare the third biennial research report to the Congress, which will
be delivered in February 1982.
- Continue to conduct research begun In 1981 on the adaptability of plants
to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation under field conditions, study the
effects of ultraviolet-B radiaton on key marine life, and coordinate
Federal research.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $873,100 and 1.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $130,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 5742,400 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects a
decrease of $20,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $23,600
in the Research and Development appropriation. The decrease results from
management efficiencies; the total level of funding can cover the essential
activities.
The 1983 Stratospheric Modification program Includes the following:
- Continue to conduct research beginning in 1981 on the adaptability
of plants to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation under field conditions,
study the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on key various life,
and coordinate Federal research.
- Continue support for the updated comprehensive assessment of the state
of knowledge and research needs (based on new knowledge obtained in 1982
and 1983), to be prepared by the National Academy of Sciences (Information
and the report are due early In 1984).
- Prepare the fourth biennial research report to the Congress, due
December 1983.
TS-32
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NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,173,300 for the National Center
for lexicological Research program, all of which was for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
The primary function of the National Center for lexicological Research
is to conduct research that tests for health effects caused by long duration,
low level exposure to chemicals* This Includes projects such as an additive
risk study recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. In 1981, the
Center performed research of longer-term interest to the Agency, the Food and
Drug Administration, and other Federal agencies. Such projects Included:
- Long-term carcinogenesis studies that will identify the cancer causing
potential of certain chemicals at Tow doses administered over long pe-
riods of time.
- Long-term, chronic exposure studies to examine health effects on or-
ganisms dosed with chemicals over approximately three-year periods.
- Mutagenesis, Immunotoxicology, chemical pathology, and reproductive and
developmental toxicology studies*
1982 Explanationpf Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,500,000 $4,500,000 $1,823,300
The net decrease of -$2,676,700 results from the following action:
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,676,700) A reduction of -$2,676,700 was
taketragainst the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. The support for the National
Center for lexicological Research is being reduced in order to focus the
research program on more Immediate needs of the toxic substances control
program.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,823,300 to this program,
all of which is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1982, the Agency will continue to fund the core research program at the
Center at a reduced level of funding. The Agency has reduced its efforts on
long-tern research studies, such as the National Center for Toxicological Re-
search conducts, in order to concentrate its research efforts to directly sup-
port the Toxic Substances Control Act implementation. The 1982 program will
continue efforts on additive risk to determine if cancer causing agents exert
additive effects when administered in combination. Also the program is con-
tinuing research on risk estimation that will be used to assist in extrapo-
lating animal data to humans. Finally, the National Center for Toxicological
Research program 1s continuing carcinogensis studies as well as the develop-
ment of long-term in vitro and in vivo assays.
TS-33
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1983i Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $910,000 for this program, all of which
1s under the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects a decrease
of $913,300. We have decreased funding to the National Center for Toxicologi-
es! Research because the Agency fs concentrating its resources on shorter-term
research which more directly supports the Agency's needs. Each year the pro-
gram is designed by collaboration between the Agency and the Food and Drug
Administration; and, it includes long-terra projects of mutual interest to
both agencies.
TS-34
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS !H THOUSANDS)
Testing 4 Evaluation
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control J
Compliance
Chemical Control
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TSCA Information
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compl 1 ance
Toxics Integration
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compl1ance
Toxics Management
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
$6,842.9 $8,698.0 $7,938.6 $7,647.5 $6,652.1 -$995.4
$18,324.7 $21,823.3 $18,867.9 $10,212.2 $12,863.7 $2,651.5
$4,327.1 $5,777.5 $5,013.7 $4,782.8 $4,618.0 -$164.8
$6,558.6 $6,623.9 $6,473.9 $5,473.9 $3,718.9 -$1,755.0
$5,792.3 $7,653.8
$11,276.8 $11,905.5
$1,453.9
$3,262.4
$4,895.2 $4,357.7 $4,494.6 $136.9
$7,531.2 $5.932.5 $3,460.0 -$2,472.5
$1,394.0 $1,389.2 $1,161.6 -$227.6
$2,941.8 $1,919.1 $2,353.4 $434.3
$761.7
$63.0
$818,7
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency
Regulatory Liaison
Group
Abatement Control I
Compliance
$109.4
L>1
at
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 1
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
TOTAL
$19,177.9 $22,948.0 $19,241.5 $18,177.2 $16,926.3 -$1,250.9
$39,594.9 $40,352.7 $35,814.8 $23,537.7 $22,396.0 -$1,141.7
$58,772.8 $63,300.7 $55,056.3 $41,714.9 $39,322.3 -$2,392.6
PEIWANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Testing & Evaluation
Chemical Control
TSCA Information
Toxics Integration
Toxics Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
181.6
124.3
105.0
27.4
18.3
4S6.6
212.3
156.5
128.8
13.5
511.1
203.3
152.5
77.4
31.4
464.6
193.6
138.3
67.7
29.0
428.6
174.9
136.7
57.7
21.0
390.3
-18.7
-1.6
-10.0
-8.0
-38.3
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Testing S Evaluation
Chemical Control
TSCA Information
Toxics Integration
Toxics Management
ACTUAL
1981
207.9
ISO .6
121.1
44.9
21.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
234.7
173.6
150.9
21.0
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
224.7
168.6
87.7
43.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
213.9
153.3
76.8
40.8
ESTIMATE
1983
193.5
152.4
63.0
28.5
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
-20.4
-.9
-13.8
-12.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
546.0
580.2
524.2
484.8
437.4
-47.4
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,322,300 and 390.3 permanent work-
years for 1983, a decrease of $2,392,600 and 38.3 permanent workyears from
1982. Included in this total is $16,926,300 for Salaries and Expenses and
$22,396,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with decreases of $1,250,900
and SI,141,700, respectively. Reductions reflect completion of development of
basic test guidelines and some shift of emphasis from the regulatory approach
for controlling existing chemicals to voluntary control strategies.
ProgramDescription
This subactivity comprises the testing and evaluation, chemical control,
TSCA information and toxics integration elements. These elements support Agency
activity under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) including testing,
assessment, new chemical review, existing chemical control, economics, record-
keeping and reporting, data management, monitoring, and toxics Integration.
Testing and Evaluation This program includes all aspects of the develop-
ment W~^e«~rinies~1an5~srEahdards, interpretation of test results, and implemen-
tation of all features of the TSCA Section 4 testing authorities. Also Included
are health and environmental risk assessments for new and existing chemicals.
The products of this program yield the technical evaluations and analyses for
making regulatory decisions on the need for testing particular chemicals and
controlling new and existing chemicals.
The TSCA testing effort 1s concentrated on test rule and test guideline
development. TSCA requires EPA to respond to Interagency Testing Committee
(ITC) recommendations on chemicals or chemical classes within 12 months of
receipt of those recommendations. The response must be a decision whether or
not to require testing and, if so, to promulgate proposed and final test rules.
In addition to such a regulatory approach, this program supports efforts to
negotiate voluntary agreements with industry to test chemicals. This nonregu-
latory approach results in a quicker start for testing. The program also sup-
ports development of scientifically valid testing guidelines. The test guide-
lines are developed to be consistent with those used In this country to regulate
pesticides and with recognized International guidelines. They are reviewed
annually and updated as necessary. These nonregulatory guidelines are expected
to provide a proper balance between obtaining the necessary quality, accuracy,
and consistency in test data and allowing industry sufficient flexibility for
innovation.
In the area of new chemicals, the focus 1s on health and environmental risk
assessments. Every new chemical is prescreened by EPA prior to its manufacture.
The number of Premanufacture Notifications continues to rise, which means increas-
ing demands for evaluating risk potential. When sufficient data are not avail-
able, judgments about potential risks are derived from analyses of data on chem-
icals with closely related structures or properties. This structure/activity
analysis also 1s used to resolve requests for exemptions from requirements for
Premanufacture Notification,
In addition, this program Is concerned with existing chemicals. Here,
the aim is to Identify existing chemicals of greatest concern and evaluate their
risks from all sources of exposure. Where necessary, this program provides
detailed assessments to estimate the risk reduction that might be expected
from particular changes in the manufacture, processing, or use of a chemical and
to support regulatory decisions if unreasonable risks cannot be mitigated through
voluntary measures.
TS-38
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Chemical Control This program uses regulatory and nonregulatory tools
to encourage industry to identify and control unreasonable risks from new and
existing chemicals. Thus, all ruleraaking under Sections 5 and 6 of TSCA is
conducted in this program. Efforts supporting rulemaking also included here
are industrial chemistry, chemical engineering, economic, and regulatory impact
analyses. When a chemical is identified as posing unreasonable risk, options
for controlling this risk must be developed and evaluated before a rule can be
prepared. Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering analyses determine how
risks might be reduced where they occur in manufacture, processing, use, or
disposal. Economic and regulatory impact analyses generate information on the
costs and regulatory impacts of various risk reduction alternatives.
The importance of introducing new chemicals into commerce and the increasing
number of new chemical submissions make the Premanufacture Notification (PMN)
program a very high priority. Resources in this program provide the manage-
ment for the entire PMN review process, including coordination with industry,
and develop regulatory and nonregulatory actions where needed. Work included in
this area also involves development of exemption rules and Significant New Use
Rules. Exemption rules implement those provisions of TSCA designed to ease the
industry burden by eliminating the need to submit for review new chemicals which
pose no unreasonable risk. The current Significant New Use Rules program deals
with new chemicals originally intended for uses resulting in limited exposures,
which might be hazardous if used differently. Under a Significant New Use Rule,
however, the manufacturers must submit a Premanufacture notice to EPA prior to
Introducing such chemicals for significantly different uses or uses that result
in increased exposure.
In the area of existing chemicals, the focus is on answering three questions:
does the chemical present an unreasonable risk, what Is the source of the unreason-
able risk, and what is the most efficient, cost-effective approach to reducing
such a risk? When analysis of potential hazards leads to a determination that
an unreasonable risk exists, and the most appropriate way to reduce or minimize
that risk has been identified, the Agency will promote voluntary actions by
chemical manufacturers, processors and users to control the problem. If these
efforts fail, EPA will identify the most appropriate regulatory approach. When
TSCA is the most appropriate statute, regulatory activities are undertaken in
this program area.
TSCA Information This program includes all the information collection
and Information management activities needed to implement TSCA. Thus, the work
covered in this program provides essential support to all other efforts related
to meeting the requirements of the statute.
Systems are maintained for secure handling of confidential business In-
formation, collection and statistical analysis of environmental monitoring data,
and development and implementation of rules for reporting and recordkeeping
under TSCA Sections 8 and 12.
Information systems also receive, store, and provide ready access to data
necessary for assessment and control activities. A considerable amount of
information Is needed for assessments of both existing chemicals and the
large number of new chemicals. On-line systems are used for the literature
searches conducted for each new Premanufacture Notice entering initial review
and for chemicals whose structure or properties are closely related to the
new chemical to provide a basis for analyzing risks and future exposure po-
tentials.
This program also includes the processing of all data received under
TSCA. For example, the Chemical Inventory includes over 85,000 submissions
on over 55,000 chemicals. An on-going effort Is required to update the In-
ventory and clarify the chemical data submitted. Many data elements in the
Inventory require special handling as confidential business information. Hand-
ling of confidential business information Is an important aspect of the pro-
TS-39
-------
gram that becomes more complex as the amount of Information Increases. This
program also includes the liaison function with the chemical industry on matters
of mutual concern regarding toxic substances control.
Toxics Integration This program Includes (1) 1ntra-Agency Integration
of chemical-by-chemicat regulatory programs and activities; (2) operation and
enhancement of the Chemical Substances Information Network (CSJN); (3) coor-
dination of EPA chemical activities with other countries through the Organ-
ization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other international
organizations; and (4) assistance to States and localities in establishing
new toxic substances control programs and In coordinating and Integrating exist-
ing programs to promote more effective operations.
TESTING AMDEVALUATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $Z5,167,600 of which $6,842,900 1s for
Salaries and Expenses and $16,324,700 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
EPA received two Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) lists for development of
tests for seven chemicals or categories. Responses to 11 previous ITC designa-
tions were published as part of an effort to meet a court-imposed schedule.
Three test rules were proposed. The Agency published six test standardsfive
for chemical, physical and persistence characteristics, and one far good labora-
tory practice. A total of 581 new chemicals were prescreened. Of these, 478
new chemicals required initial review. Detailed reviews were completed for
26 new chemicals and resulted in either withdrawal of the chemical by the
manufacturer or a decision to allow the chemical to be manufactured. Chemical
hazard Information profiles were developed for 37 chemicals. Four preliminary
risk assessments for existing chemicals were completed and are currently being
used in making decisions on whether to attempt voluntary or mandatory control.
A risk assessment for asbestos 1n schools was completed.
1982Explanatlon of Changes fromJanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$30,521,300 $26,806,500 $17,859,700
The net decrease of -$12,661,600 results from several actions, as follows:
~ ^jyffSLcJlarch. (-$3,714,800) This change represented a decrease of
$3,7r4",'SOO"Trom" the January budget, of which $759,400 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $2,955,400 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Output
decreases in the area of scientific risk assessments of existing chemicals.
- Reprogramming. {-$416,100) This transfer of $280,900 into TSCA Informa*
tion consolidates rent, communications, and utilities for ADP rental and
leases to produce economy through centralized control. The reprograimrfng
of $10,200 Into chemical control supports costs for maintenance agreements
for ADP and word processing equipment. (This reprogramnring of -$291,100
was Included in the letter to Congress on December 16, 1981). During the
development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammlngs,
which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity and re-
sulted in a net decrease of -$125,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$8,530,700) A reduction of -$8,530,700 was
taken against the march request reflecting the September 12S reduction to
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will
eliminate a substantial part of a program designed to allow the Office of
Toxic Substances to more accurately and economically predict human health
and environmental effects of chemicals without the need for extensive test-
TS-40
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ing. The projects reduced include those creating chemical data bases on
comparative toxicology, modeling methods, and extrapolation techniques.
Eliminated are some projects that develop and validate better and more cost-
effective human and environmental exposure methodologies, model and/or data
bases. These projects enable EPA to evaluate, more confidently, the need
for testing and/or control of existing chemicals.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $17,859,700 and 193.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $7,647,500 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$10,212,200 Is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The program will comply with the court-Imposed schedule to clear
the backlog of responses to ITC recommendations and respond to new ITC recommen-
dations in a timely manner. It is estimated that careful consideration of risk
data will lead to decisions not to test for 10 chemicals or chemical classes,
that test rules will be proposed for nine chemicals or chemical classes, and
that three test rules will be published in final fora. EPA will also publish 30
test guidelines. In the area of new chemicals, 560 Initial reviews and 25 detailed
risk assessments will be required on the 800 notices submitted prior to manu-
facture. Projections for existing chemicals are: 35 chemical hazard Information
profiles; three preliminary risk assessments; and 75 reviews of substantial risk
notices. Only those existing chemicals indicating a possible unreasonable risk
will be reviewed beyond this level In preparation for voluntary/mandatory
control s.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,515,800 and 174.9 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $6,652,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $12,863,700 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This 1s a decrease of $995,400 and an increase of $2,651,500,
respectively. The decrease reflects completion of much of the basic test guide-
lines development work. The change in extramural support will maintain con-
tinuity in developing and implementing the testing program under Section 4 of
TSCA. In the area of test guidelines, emphasis is shifting from guidelines
development to annual review, as guidelines for major health and environmental
effects are completed. The testing program will publish test guidelines pre-
viously developed or needed for particular chemicals or chemical classes in
upcoming test rules. Efficiencies In the test rule development process will
enable the Agency to continue to meet the court-imposed schedule as well as the
statutory time limit for responding to ITC designations. If the efforts to
negotiate voluntary testing agreements with Industry are successful, the Agency
expects to fulfill its testing mandates In advance of the schedule.
The number of new chemical notices is expected to reach approximately 1,000
In 1983. Of these, 400 will be identified in the prescreen as posing no
unreasonable risk and will be quickly exited from the process. 600 will require
initial review activities and 40 will require detailed review. Approximately 10
evaluations of exemption rule petitions will be completed for classes of
chemicals currently requiring premanufacture review.
Existing chemical activities will focus on the careful Identification of
chemicals for assessment to ensure the most effective use of resources. This
focus will necessitate fewer preliminary risk assessments. Finally, risk notifi-
cations received under Section 8 of TSCA will be evaluated promptly, followed
up, and made available to the appropriate EPA office for action.
CHEMICAL CONTROL
1981 Acc ompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $10,885,700 of which $4,327,100 1s for Salaries
TS-41
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and Expenses and $6,558,600 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. A total
of 581 Premanufacture Notifications were received. Two were withdrawn and eight
were suspended as a result of initial or detailed review. A total of 41 test
market exemption requests were resolved, with 38 of these being granted. Three
industry profiles and one market profile were produced to support voluntary/
mandatory control efforts. Six preregulatory analyses were completed for exist-
ing chemicals, and six exemption requests dealing with chlorof1uorocarbons were
resolved.
1982 Explanation of Changesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$12,401,400 $11,487,600 $10,256,700
The net decrease of -$2,144,700 results from several actions, as follows:
January - March. (-$913,800) This change represented a decrease of
$913,800 from the January budget, of which $763,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $150.000 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Output
decreases in the development of regulatory analyses supporting rules that
control existing chemicals.
" Reprogram«ring (-$125,800) An Agency-wide reprogramrning of -$136,000
provldes resoufc-es for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provides additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. A second reprogramnring of+$10,200 into chemi-
cal Control supports costs for maintenance agreements for ADP and word
processing equipment. (These two reprogramnrlngs totalling -$125,000 were
included in a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,105,100) An additional reduction of
-$1,105,100 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($105,100), and Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance ($1,000,000) appropriations to meet Congres-
sionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $10,256,700 and 138.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,782,800 Is for Salaries and Expenses and
$5,473,900 Is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These resources are being used in both the areas of new and
existing chemicals. It is expected that the number of PMN's to be addressed
will approximate 800. Work in this program will also resolve five exemption
applications under TSCA Section 5, and 60 test market exemptions. Six Signifi-
cant New Use Rules will be developed allowing the manufacture of potentially
hazardous chemicals in small quantities for strictly limited use.
In terms of existing chemicals, EPA expects to promulgate a total of seven
proposed or final rules. One of these will be a rule requiring identification
and notification of the presence of asbestos in public and private schools, as
previous voluntary programs failed to achieve adequate coverage. Further, as
mandated by the statute and court order, the Agency is developing rules on
polychloHnated biphenyls (PCBs). These will include rules to define which uses
are totally enclosed and therefore exempt from the statutory PCB ban and to
determine at what concentration a PCB is defined to exist (e.g., 50 parts per
million or less). This program is also developing a regulatory decision document
for chlorof1uorocarbons. The program will conduct preregulatory analyses for
three existing chemicals Indicating potential unreasonable risk and process
three exemption requests based on rules promulgated under Section 6.
TS-42
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,336,900 and 136.7 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $4,618,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,718,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This is a decrease of $164,800 and $1,755,000, respectively. Resource
savings reflect increasing emphasis on developing voluntary control actions
for existing chemicals of concern. Fewer resources will be used for risk/
benefit options analysis, regulatory analyses and rule development because
the voluntary approach to control will negate the extensive cost of regulation
development while stimulating the impacted industry to develop cost effective
approaches to chemical control.
New chemicals and their review before manufacture will continue to be the
highest priority in this program, and resources are allocated to handle 1,000
Premanufacture Notifications expected during 1983. In addition, efforts will
continue to make the review process itself more effective and efficient. One
Significant New Use Rule will be proposed. Test market exemptions will be pro-
cessed at the same rate as in 1982, in compliance with the TSCA time limit of 45
days. Finally, it is expected that 10 exemption requests will be reviewed
and/or resolved for classes of compounds currently requiring premarket notifi-
cation prior to manufacture.
Emphasis will be focused on identification of possible voluntary control
actions for existing chemicals of concern. Resources are planned to produce the
analyses which would serve as the basis for these control actions. Although
voluntary action on the part of the regulated community is preferable, two final
rules under TSCA Section 6 are anticipated.
TSCA INFORMATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $17,069,100 for this activity of which
$5,792,300 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $11,276,800 is for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Five reporting and recordkeeping rules were published in proposed
or final form. Those rules covered asbestos, import policy, notification of
export, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and Tris, and the small business exemp-
tion.
1982ExplanatipnofChangesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate .Estimate Estimate
$19,559,300 $12,426,400 $10,290,200
The net decrease of -$9,269,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$2,797,100) This change represented a decrease of
$2,797,100 from the January budget, of which $1,364,600 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,432,500 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Output
decreases in the development of recording-keeping and reporting rules and
scientific data base development.
" Restructuring. (-$4,335,800) These resources were moved to the new
program element entitled Toxics Integration in order to reflect the separ-
ation of information and integration activities. Under this structure a
separate program unit is created which will cover coordination and inte-
gration of Agency, intergovernmental and international activities concerning
toxic substances. The remainder will coyer the following activities: 1)
gathering of Information from industry for the purposes of assessing and
regulating chemical hazards; and 2) the establishment and use of infor-
TS-43
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mation storage and retrieval systems to support Implementation of TSCA.
" rc^Pj^ograiTOing. (+$247,500) The transfer of +$280,900 into TSCA infor-
mati^ff ^consolidates rent, communications, and utilities for ADP rentals
and leases to produce economy through centralized control. There 1s no
impact on the testing and evaluation program as this transfer simply
reflects a change in where these funds will be obligated.
An Agency-wide reprogramming of -$33,400 provided resources for transfer
of the accountability function to the Office of Management Systems and Evalu-
ation and, in addition, provided additional resources for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
There is no significant Impact on the losing program activities since their
remaining resources are sufficient to support personnel and planned activi-
ties. (These two reprogrammings, totalling +$247,500 were included in a
letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,383,700) An additional reduction of
-$2,383,700 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses ($785,000), and Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance ($1,598,700) appropriations to meet Congres-
sional ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $10,290,200 and 67.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,357,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$5,932,500 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. It is expected that one chemical-specific reporting rule and
two recordkeeping and reporting rules will be proposed, and two such rules will
be promulgated in final form. The rules will require submission of information
such as exposure to chemical candidates for testing or possible control, and
results of unpublished health and safety studies.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,954,600 and 57.7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,494,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,460,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $136,900 and a decrease of $2,472,500, respectively.
The Increase reflects increased expenses 1n operating data systems. The decrease
in extramural funds reflects reductions in information systems development,
enhancement and expansion. Contractor support to the Industry Assistance Office
1s discontinued.
Support will be provided to review 10 exemption requests in the new
chemical area, and to the risk and economic assessments planned in the existing
chemical area. It 1s expected that increased amounts of confidential business
information will be handled. However, due to management efficiencies, the
operation will be maintained with the same level of resources as 1n 1982. As
the rate of Premanufacture Notification submissions Increases, a greater number
of inquiries and submissions will be processed. Exposure-related Information
collected under TSCA will be analyzed and made available to EPA users. A limited
number of reporting rules will be issued to support specific chemical assessments
for TSCA and other programs. Finally, efforts will be sustained to streamline
processes for developing and retrieving the masses of data needed to successfully
implement TSCA.
TOXICS INTEGRATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $4,716,300 of which $1,453,900 is for Salaries
and Expenses and $3,262,400 Is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. A major
TS-44
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focus of activity was improved integration of EPA, Federal, State and inter-
national activity on toxic chemicals. Analyses were completed on the Agency's
contracts process, existing integration mechanisms, inconsistencies in current
toxics-related programs, and alternative approaches to reducing the regulatory
burden on industry. Cross-media risk assessments, control option analyses, and
economic analyses were evaluated as vehicles for integration of Agency chemical
control efforts. Intermedia Priority Pollutant (IPP) guidance packages were
produced for use by EPA and State programs. These packages describe principal
effects, exposure routes, monitoring technologies, regulatory status and remedial
actions for 19 high-priority chemicals. Program personnel chaired and staffed six
Agency chemical workgroups (e.g. dioxins, solvents) which resolved cross-media
issues, this successful approach has been adopted for continued toxics Inte-
gration. Other integration activities included: maintaining the toxics Inte-
gration chemical data base and using it to provide data and analyses to other
EPA programs and States; providing leadership staff and analytic support to
Agency and Interagency workgroups dealing with integration problems; developing
an Agency control option strategy for arsenic; and developing a conceptual
framework for establishing Agency-wide priorities for chemicals of Agency concern.
To coordinate United States toxic chemical control efforts with those of
other countries, the program took part in multilateral and bilateral negotiations.
Through these negotiations, the United States hopes to limit potential trade
barriers, thus promoting export of chemicals and reducing the cost of United
States government and industry compliance with environmental requirements of
other nations. Program staff led the United States delegation to the Organiza-
tion for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Chemicals Group which reached
international agreement on testing protocols, worked toward agreement on con-
fidential business information exchange between governments, helped construct
and develop an International mechanism to update test guidelines, .and assisted
in establishing mechanisms to ensure compliance with good laboratory practices
(GLP) guidelines. Bilateral negotiations resolved the PCB waste export issue
with Canada. Other activities Included directing United States participation in
multinational safety and chemical Information exchange programs and notifying
Importing countries of TSCA actions as required by the TSCA Section 12(b) export
notification requirements. The program also worked with the United States Trade
Representative to assure consistency between TSCA and Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requirements and the Trade Agreements
Act of 1979.
During 1981, the program Initiated testing of the Chemical Substances
Information Network (CSIN) prototype. Ten organizations were trained as CSIN
users and four Independent chemical Information data bases were made accessible
through CSIN to these groups by the end of the year. A user support services
system was also developed.
Through the award of grants, EPA provided technical assistance to States
establishing toxics programs or integrating existing programs. Grant awards
Included three to states under TSCA Section 28 authority, three establishing
States/localities as CSIN pilot users and one to the National Governors'
Association to provide assistance to States, coordinate State toxics integration
efforts, and provide CSIN access to States. In addition, EPA continued over-
sight of eight previously awarded Section 28 grants.
1982Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,335,800 $3,308,300
The net Increase of +$3,308,300 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$4,335,800) These resources have been moved to this
program element from Information/Integration in order to reflect the separ-
TS-45
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ation of information and integration activities. Under this structure a
separate program unit is created which will cover coordination and Inte-
gration of Agency, intergovernmental and international activities concerning
toxic substances.
" Repfogrammlng. (-575,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$75,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$952,500) A reduction of -$722,400 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12S reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction in extra-
mural funds will delay development and implementation of an Agency strategy
for integration of toxic substances activities, This action will reduce
the development of Agency options to control health and/or environmental
effects from chemicals. All 1982 contract support to test proposed priority-
setting concepts has been eliminated.
An additional reduction of -$230,100 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($4,800) and Abatement, Control and Compliance ($225,300) appropri-
ations to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,308,300 and 29.0 permanent
workyears to this program of which $1,389,200 is for Salaries and Expenses
and $1,919,100 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Integration activities during 1982 focus on chairing
and staffing Agency chemical workgroups to coordinate chemical control actions.
In addition to maintaining and updating the IPP guidance packages produced and
distributed in 1981, the program will complete four new and eight revised
packages. Alternative procedures for establishing Agency chemical priorities
will be completed to systematically identify and address those chemicals posing
the most significant public health and environmental concerns. Existing chemical
regulatory status files and a related Industry-chemical use file will be used
to analyze the burden imposed on industry by existing or anticipated chemical
regulations.
The program will continue to work through the OECD and other multilateral
groups to represent United States toxic control and integration policies*
Building on previous agreements, the United States delegation to the OECD will
continue to work toward implementation and enforcement of good laboratory practice
principles; principles of hazard assessment; key terms and definitions related
to chemical regulation; priority setting methods for selecting existing chemicals
for testing; and exchange of information between governments, including principles
governing the exchange of confidential information. The program will continue
to support multinational chemical safety and information programs, the United
States Trade Representative and TSCA Section 12(b) export notification responsi-
bilities.
EPA will test the CSIN user support system, evaluating and enhancing the
system based on user comments and needs. Several new resources and 25 additional
users are projected to come on line during 1982. Emphasis will be placed on
bringing private sector users into the system and on completing and implementing
a user-charge system.
Work with States to promote integration of State toxics programs will
continue. Case studies highlighting the model elements of evolving integrated
toxic management programs will be developed. State legislative and regulatory
initiatives will be tracked to determine trends and assess the cumulative Impact
of toxics controls on Industry. EPA will continue oversight of projects being
conducted under previous grant awards, emphasizing evaluation of CSIN services
to its private sector users and information exchange among States based on
Section 28 project assessments.
TS-46
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,515,000 and 21.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,161,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,353,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This is a decrease of $227,600 and an increase of $434,300, respectively. The
Salaries and Expenses appropriation decrease reflects a targeting of effort to
the highest priority areas. Extramural increases will allow expanded analysis of
cross-media chemical regulatory Issues in support of chemical work groups. This
program will chair and staff ad hoc chemical workgroups to promote Integration
of major chemical control activities. Other integration activities include:
improving Agency cost-effectiveness analyses and priority setting and Information
gathering mechanisms; maintaining the existing Intermedia Priority Pollutant (IPP)
documents and updating or producing 8 IPP documents; updating chemical and industry
data bases; and performing chemical studies and analyses using these and other
data sources.
The program will continue to lead the United States delegation to the OECD
Chemical Group and participate in negotiations on: Internationally coordinated
export notification requirements for chemicals; updating test protocols; estab-
lishing priorities to further investigate existing chemicals; and International
sharing of testing burdens. International chemical safety and information shar-
ing activities, support of the United States Trade Representative and export
notification under Section 12(.b) of TSCA will continue.
The 1983 request provides for expansion of CSIN capabilities including
increased processing capabilities, improvements to user support operations (train-
Ing manuals, system documentation), and conduct of hardware, software, and user
evaluations- A user charge system will begin to support system operations.
Assistance to States during 1983 will concentrate on maintenance of infor-
mation data bases and providing technical assistance to States establishing
toxics management programs. The program will continue Its oversight of projects
being conducted by States under previously awarded grants and assist in exchange
of information generated by such projects.
TS-47-
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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TOXIC SUDSTAHCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSAHDS)
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control *
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control *
Compliance
$2,450.2 $4,032.0 $3,218.0 $3,289.4 $2,425.9
$1,568.6 $1,034.4 $1,034.4 $697.6 $207.0
$1,000.0
'$500.0
$500.0 $500.0
-$863.5
-$490.6
-$500.0
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control ft
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
TOTAL
$2,450.2 $4,032.0 $3,218.0 $3,289.4 $2,425.9 -$863.5
$2,568.6 $1,534.4 $1,534.4 $1,197.6 $207.0 -$990.6
$5,018.8 $5,566.4 $4,752.4 $4,487.0 $2,632.9 -$1,854.1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
1
1
*»
to
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
63.7 Til .2 92.7 88.5 63.9 -24.6
63.7 111.2 92.7 88.5 63.9 -24.6
81.6 119.9 100.0 95.5 64.6 -30.9
81.6 119.9 100.0 95.5 64.6 -30.9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,632,900 and 63.9 permanent workyears for
1983, a decrease of $1,854,100 and 24.6 permanent workyears from 1982. Included
in this total is $2,425,900 for Salaries and Expenses, and $207,000 for Abatement,
Control, and Compliance, with a decrease of $863,500 and a decrease of $990,600
respectively. The reduction in resources for this subactivity is attributable,
in part, to a reorganization within the Agency of enforcement responsibilities.
Legal activities have been transferred to the new Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel. Remaining reductions reflect resource savings achieved by locating all
compliance monitoring activities in the Regions and by the completion of the
toxics enforcement grant program in 1982.
Program Description
This subactivity supports all compliance monitoring and compliance assistance
activities under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including support to
the regulation development effort and financial assistance programs for State
involvement in toxics control efforts.
ToxicSubstances Enforcement The toxic substances enforcement program
ensures 'cbnpll arice with YSCA rules and regulations. Headquarters and Regional
offices play distinct but complementary roles in the program's operation. Head-
quarters provides enforcement support to the TSCA regulatory development process;
designs, Implements, and oversees compliance monitoring activities by developing
guidances, Strategies and procedures; and provides technical compliance assistance
and technical support to case development and prosecution activities.
Regional offices respond to special risk situations; Inspect facilities
that manufacture, process, distribute or use new or specifically regulated
chemicals; and monitor laboratories performing tests pursuant to TSCA testing
rules or voluntary testing agreements. Regional offices also assist the regulated
community in complying with all applicable TSCA regulations and seek voluntary
remedial action in lieu of enforcement prosecution where appropriate. In cases
where voluntary compliance is not achieved, Regional personnel provide technical
support to case development and prosecution activities.
ToxicSubstgnces Enforcement Grants The major function of this program is
to provide States with financial assistance to stimulate development of model
demonstration programs for chemical control.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1981 Accompjishmejits
In 1981, the Agency obligated $4,018,800 of which $2,450,200 is for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,568,600 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Extramural
funds provided compliance inspection support, chemical analysis of samples,
and revision and development of compliance strategies. Compliance monitoring
strategies were completed for Section 8(a) polybrominated biphenyls(PBBs)/TRIS
and Section 6 Dioxin rules. Assistance was provided to the Office of Toxic
Substances in the development of new regulations, including test guidelines and
good laboratory practice rules for health effects testing, a chemical control
rule for asbestos in schools, and draft ecological effects test guidelines.
Enforcement staff developed inspection procedures for ecological effects testing,
and a compliance monitoring strategy for Section 4. Headquarters staff also
assisted the Regional Offices in developing and prosecuting enforcement cases.
Regional office staff responded to special risk incidents, Inspected poly-
TS-50
-------
chlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) establishments, con-
ducted compliance monitoring activities to support Section 5 premanufacture
notification review and Section 8(e) substantial risk notification, and devel-
oped and prosecuted enforcement cases upon detection of serious violations.
Administrative orders were issued in 115 cases.
Both Headquarters and Regional staff also participated In the preparation
of numerous imminent hazard cases involving illegal storage, disposal, handling,
or treatment of chemical substances.
1982 Explanation of Changes frog[January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate gstimate
$5,066,400 $4,252,400 $3,987,000
The net decrease of -$1,079,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January-March. (-$477,500) This change represented a decrease of
$477,500 frOm the January budget, all of which was for Salaries and Expenses.
Section 6 asbestos inspections, Section 5 new chemical Inspections, inspec-
tions at ports-of-entry and at those facilities subject to Section 4 test
rule requirements will be somewhat limited. Regional support for State
grants, ADP maintenance, and public participation at outreach programs
will also be limited.
- Reorganization. (-$336,500) These resources were moved to Technical
Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel -(National Enforcement
Investigation Center - NEIC). The functions supported by these resources
remain the same; the new program element for NEIC was created, (a) so that
its resources could be more readily Identified and, (b) organizationally,
the center now falls under the responsibility of the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel. As a result of an agency restructuring these resources
were later moved to the Interdisciplinary program under one program element.
This change reflects the consolidation of similar activities providing quick
technical response in emergency situations.
- Reprogramming. (+$181,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net Increase of +$181,900.
- CongressionalActions. (-$450,700) A reduction of -$206,100 was taken
agairistthe March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reduction will result
in reduced contractual support for polychlorinated biphenyl s (PCB) inspec-
tions. Contractual assistance In developing, formating and printing Inspec-
tion manuals will be reduced.
An additional reduction of -$244,600 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
($164,600) and, Abatement, Control and Compliance ($80,000) appropriations
to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$3,400) The net Increase applied to this activity
includes a decrease of -542,000 to Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of +$45,400 to Salaries and Expenses. This transfer will provide
money to purchase word processing equipment, fund training for personnel
and purchase supplies, including technical and reference material, as well
as photocopying and computer supplies.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,987,000 and 38.5 permanent
TS-51
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workyears to this program of which $3,289,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$697,600 fs for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. Contract funds support laboratory analysis of samples, inspec-
tional support, development and revision of compliance strategies, and ADP
support.
Headquarters will manage and execute national programs to monitor compliance
with test rules and voluntary testing agreements under Section 4, new chemi-
cal regulations under Section 5, Section 6 chemical control rules, and Section 8
reporting regulations. Surveillance of imported chemicals under Section 13
will assure that foreign manufacturers adhere to the same standards that domestic
manufacturers are required to meet. Headquarters will also participate in
all regulation development directed by the Office of Toxic Substances.
The Regional program will provide direct assistance to firms seeking to
voluntarily comply with TSCA requirements. Where violations are detected,
firms will be encouraged to take specific remedial actions to achieve compliance.
If compliance is not achieved, Regional offices will prepare and issue notices
of violation and administrative orders, and will develop and prosecute civil and
criminal cases, as warranted. Situations involving substantial threats to human
health and the environment will be given priority as they are identified.
In the implementation of this compliance program, the Regional staff will
conduct 180 inspections related to testing; 318 inspections related to new
chemicals; 1095 inspections related to chemical control regulations including
PCB marking and disposal, the PCB ban, and the CFC ban, and the dioxln regu-
lation; 280 Inspections of imported chemicals; 20 inspections of exported
chemicals; and 125 inspections of facilities subject to the reporting and
recordkeeping requirements,
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,632,900 and 63.9 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $2,425,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $207,000 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This is a decrease of $863,500 and $490,600, respectively. The decrease reflects
the reorganization of enforcement responsibilities in the Agency and resource
savings resulting from the concentration of all compliance monitoring activities
in the Regions. Contract support includes on-call inspection support, laboratory
analysis of samples, and development and revision of compliance monitoring strat-
egies.
Headquarters staff will participate in all TSCA rulemaking activities and
will develop compliance strategies for each new regulation. Support for regional
compliance monitoring, voluntary compliance assistance, and case development
activities under Sections 4,5,6,8,12 and 13 will be provided. Headquarters will
continue to manage the overall program through appropriate guidance and Regional
review including on-sight program evaluation.
In 1983, Regional offices will conduct 875 Inspections of facilities
subject to chemical control regulations, including requirements on PCB marking
and disposal, the PCB ban, the CFC ban, asbestos, and other enforceable rules.
The Regional offices will conduct 125 good laboratory practice (GLP) and test
rule inspections, 265 inspections under new chemical regulations, 100 inspec-
tions under TSCA reporting requirements, 200 import inspections, and 15 export
inspections.
The toxics enforcement program will also prepare and Issue notices of
violation and administrative orders with the concurrence of the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) and will provide technical assistance and
support to OLEC in the prosecution of civil and criminal cases as warranted.
TS-52
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TQX..IC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1981 Accompli shmerits
The 1981 resources obligated for this program included $1,000,000 in State
financial assistance. Pilot cooperative grants were developed with five States:
California, Connecticut, Maryland, Michigan, and Ohio. Pilot States represented
different geographical areas and levels of sophistication in chemical control
legislation., These grants provided for the development of model chemical control
programs. Information generated by the program will be available to States
interested in developing or enhancing their chemical control efforts.
1982 Explanation ofChangesfromJanuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$500,000 £500,000 $500,000
There is no change to this activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $500,000 to this program, all
of which is for extramural purposes under the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. The pilot cooperative grant program with California, Connecticut,
Maryland, Michigan, and Ohio will continue. In 1962, the operation of these
model chemical control programs will be tested and the pilot program evaluated.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983. The results and
evaluation of the operation of the project in the various States will be made
available to other States Interested in chemical control.
TS-53
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Energy
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENERGY
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 6 Development
TOTAL, Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$9,919
$74,644
$84,564
147
219
.3
.9
.2
.5
.5
$12,790
$84,054
$96.845
142
241
.4
.9
.3
.4
.7
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
IN THOUSANDS)
$12,767
$57,378
$70,145
144
244
.0
.9
.9
.9
.2
$11,221.
$41,270.
$52,492.
131.
213.
8
5
3
9
2
$7,019
$27,510
$34,530
61
100
.4
.8
.2
.8
.1
-$4,202.4
-$13,759.7
-$17,962.1
-70.1
-113.1
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
$111,730.0 $118,439.0 $109,264.0
$107,5/9.0
$85,557.0 $55,501.0 -$30,056.0
Multl-Media Energy
Program
Salaries £ Expenses
Research & Development
Oxidants Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
Gases And Particles
Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$3,881.2 $5,227.0 $5,143.7 $4,912.6 $4,521.8 -$390.8
$28.894.5 $31,140.2 $23,384.2 $20,264.9 $20,011.2 -$253.7
$1,382.8 $1,835.4 $1,822.6 $1,745.2
$8,747.6 $12,491.9 $11,491.9 $8,800.1
$2,100.6 $2,626.1 $3,415.1 $2,817.2
$14.403.6 $21,751.0 $13.434.8 $9,210.2
$410.9 -$1,334.3
$966.9 -$7,833.2
$2,086.7 -$730.5
$6,532.7 -$2,677.5
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ACTUAL
1981
ENERGY
JANUARY
ESTIHATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIHATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Alt* Pollutants
Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research * Development
Water Quality Energy
Salaries * Expenses
Research A Development
Drinking Water Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
Industrial Hastewater
Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research * Development
Solid Waste
Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
Chemical Testing
A Assessment Energy
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
$472.1
$3,701.1
$523.3
$9,396.1
$16,7
$1,937.5
$1,007.3
$1,427.0
$260.3
$583.9
$63.2
$4,729.4
$679.9
$5,234.2
$1,120.5
$2,324.0
$242.2
$1,138.0
$102.5
$1,988.4
$1,059.3 $1,050.1 $669.9
$9,975.6 $4,675.6 $2,589.2
$1,113.0
$1,924.0
-$669.9
-$2,589.2
$896.8
-$896.8
-------
ENERGY
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Municipal Spills
Energy
Salaries S Expenses $211.8 $120.0 $180.1 -$180.1
Research S Development $361.7 $480.0 $406.1 -$406.1
Salaries * Expenses $9,919.3 $12,790.4 $12,767.0 $11,221.8 $7,019.4 -$4,202.4
Research S Development $74,182.4 $84,054.9 $57,378.9 $41,270.5 $27,510.8 -$13,759.7
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT TOTAL $84,101.7 $96,845.3 $70,145.9 $52,492.3 $34,530.2 -$17,962.1
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Multi-Media Energy 67.5 68.3 66.8 61.7 36.8 -24.9
Program
Oxidants Energy 20.3 22.0 22.0 21.9 5.3 -16.6
Gases And Particles 24.4 23.7 29.6 27.0 19.7 -7.3
Energy
Hazardous Air Pollutants 6.4 5.3 1.4
Energy
Mater Quality Energy 3.7 6.7 6.7 2.9 -2.9
Drinking Water Energy .2
Industrial Wastewater 15.5 14.4 14.4 14.4 -14.4
Energy
-------
ENERGY
i
*>
Solid Waste
Energy
Chemical Testing
ft Assessment Energy
Municipal Spills
Energy
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
Multi-Media Energy
Program
Oxidants Energy
Gases And Particles
Energy
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Energy
Water Quality Energy
Drinking Water Energy
Industrial Wastewater
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT I
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982 1982
4.5 2.0
.6
4.4 4.0 4.0
147.5 142.4 144.9 131.9
90.1 88.5 87.0 85.4
28.8 33.0 33.0 30.8
39.8 56.4 70.7 55.5
10.3 11.6 3.2
10.6 17.3 17.3 11.5
.2
25.8 29.0 29.0 26.0
:STIHATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
4.0
61.8 -70.1
54.9 -30.5
8.4 -22.4
36.8 -18.7
-11.5
-26.0
Energy
-------
ENERGY
Solid Haste
Energy
Chemical Testing
& Assessment Energy
Municipal Spills
Energy
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
6.4
1.4
6.1
219.5
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
5.9
241,7
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
4.0
244.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
4.0
213.2
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
-4.0
100.1 -113.1
-------
ENERGY
OVERVIEH AMD STRATEGY
EPA's Energy research and development program helps ensure, in conjunction
with industry and other public sectors, that the nation's energy production and
utilization practices proceed in an environmentally acceptable manner. Current-
ly, research and development activities focus on four distinct areas:
- Developing the scientific data necessary to understand the phenomenon of
acid precipitation.
- Developing the necessary health and environmental data bases associated
with new or emerging energy processes.
- Developing the necessary performance, reliability, and cost data on
energy-related pollution control technologies.
- Developing and validating air quality and complex terrain models to
understand more accurately the transformation, transport and fate of
gases and particles emitted from energy-producing sources.
These research activities develop the scientific and technical data required
to support our regulatory development, Implementation and reform objectives. For
Instance, the development and validation of air quality models provides the
Regions, States and industry with the necessary data to support permit prepara-
tion and reviews, environmental impact statement reviews, and revisions to State
Implementation Plans. Similarly, EPA's control technology efforts provide the
necessary technical performance, reliability and cost data to accelerate the
commercialization of cost-effective pollution control technologies, as well as
to support program offices in the review of New Source Performance Standards.
This and other energy research efforts allow for the development of scientifical-
ly creditable data needed to support our regulatory reform efforts.
Program Highl ights
Many questions remain unanswered about the causes, effects, and methods of
mitigating or controlling acid precipitation* The objective of acid precipitation
research is to develop the necessary data to fully understand the sources and
characteristics of acid rain, the extent of damages or potential damage, and the
options for mitigating its effects. Without this information it will be impossible
to develop cost effective, scientifically sound, regulatory policies. Because
of the potential national and international Implications of this phenomena, this
area will receive a 33 percent increase in resources 1n our 1983 research program.
For program purposes, acid rain research activities can be described by five
generic categories: man-made sources, atmospheric processes, deposition monitor-
ing, health and environmental effects, and assessment and policy analysis.
Research efforts in the man-made sources are' designed to improve and consolidate
inventories of current and projected emissions of acid precipitation precursors,
and to develop capabilities to evaluate the costs and performance of control
measures for all major source categories. Research efforts in the atmospheric
processes area are designed to address the physical understanding and mathematical
description of acidic deposition. In deposition monitoring, efforts are designed
to systematically collect rainfall, meterol ogical and other data at specified
E-6
-------
sites. In the area of health and environmental effects, research projects are
being conducted to understand the Impact of acid deposition on crops, forests
and soils, drinking water, aquatic systems and materials. Finally, the assess-
ment and policy analysis research efforts perform integrated assessments linking
all areas of research under the Federal Interagency Task Force and assess the
costs and benefits of alternative mitigation strategies.
Synthetic Fuels
A second major research activity is the development and evaluation of data
on the health and environmental impacts of pollutants associated with synthetic
fuel processes, and the assessment of control technology options for mitigating
these impacts. These efforts will assist industry and permitting officials in
identifying problems which might Impede the timely commercialization of the
industry in an environmentally acceptable manner. The major emphasis 1n the 1983
program will be placed on developing Integrated health and environmental risk
assessments for several synfuel processes; providing technical assistance 1n the
Regions and States in the areas of oil shale, coal liquefaction and coal gasifi-
cation; and evaluating the performance, reliability and cost of alternative
control technologies.
Cost-Effectiye Control Techno!ogles
ft third major research area is the development of the necessary performance,
reliability, and cost data to accelerate the commercialization of Innovative or
cost-effective energy-related pollution control technologies. The major thrust
In this area 1s the development of the limestone Injection multistage burner
(LIMB). The LIMB is a technology which combines SOg control with simultaneous
MOX control by mixing coal and limestone together, pulverizing the mixture and
combusting the mixture in a low NOX burner. This technology can potentially
lower the capital cost of SOX control by a factor of 3 to 4 and the annual cost
by 50 percent. Among the other potential cost-effective technologies receiving
research support are the low NOX burner, the heavy oil/low NOX burner in an
oil field steamer, two new electrostratic precipitation precharger technologies,
flue gas desulfurization and electrostratic fabric filtration. These technolo-
gies will be used to control SOX, MOx, and partlculate emissions and also to
support our regulatory program efforts on the review of Mew Source Performance
Standards.
Air QualityModelling
The fourth major area of research 1s in complex terrain and air quality
modelling. Complex terrains can greatly affect the manner in which plumes are
transported and dispersed. Similarly, the formation and movement of large scale
polluted air masses over continental distances are difficult to study. The
results of these research activities are used by the Regions, the States and
industry to prepare and evaluate State Implementation Plans (SIPs), Environmental
Impact Statements, and review permit applications.
The President's 1983 Budget provides for S34.5 million and 62 permanent
workyears, a decrease of $18 million and 70 permanent workyears from the 1982
current estimate. Three factors influence this reduction:
- First, energy-related research in Mater Quality and Industrial Waste-
water will be completed in 1982 while research on oil spills will be
transferred to the Hazardous Waste Research program.
- Second, synfuels control technology efforts have been reduced because
(1) commercialization efforts have slowed markedly, (2) certain areas of
synfuels control technology research cannot be conducted cost-effectively
unless commercial facilities are avail able,, and (3) the synfuel s Industry
has both the capability and resources in many Instances to develop the
prerequisite pollution controls.
- Third, several conventional combustion control technology research pro-
jects will reach the engineering stage in 1982 where Industry is in a
better position to commercialize our research findings.
E-7
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ENERGY
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Energy Program... , $52,492.3
Salaries and Expenses -4,202.4
This decrease reflects the reduction of in-house
efforts associated with evaluating the pollu-
tion control options for several synthetic fuel
and conventional combustion processes, and per-
forming integrated risk-benefit analyses for
synthetic fuel facilities. It also reflects the
completion of research in the Water Quality and
Industrial Wastewater research programs and the
transfer of the Municipal Spills program to the
Hazardous Waste Non-Energy research program.
Research and Development -13,759.7
This decrease reflects the extramural reduction
associated with those energy activities cited
above.
1983 Energy Program ... $34,530.2
SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate ' $96,845.3
January-March -26,699.4
Reprogrammi ngs , -508.1
Congressional Actions -14,943.0
A decrease of $12,343,800 to Research and De-
velopment was taken against the March estimate
to reflect the September 12% reduction. An
additional reduction of $2,599,200 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses ($1,970,400), and
Research and Development ($628,800) appropria-
tions to meet Congressional ly mandated appro-
priation levels.
Transfer Authority , .. -2,202.5
A net decrease of $2,202,500 was transferred
from this program as follows: $3,135,800 was
transferred from Research and Development;
and $933,300 was transferred to Salaries and
Expenses.
Current 1982 Estimate $52,492.3
E-8
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information
Information & Liaison
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
Health Effects
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research S Development
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Acid Rain
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
$231.0
$8.7
$231.4
$15.6
$199.4
$15.5
$161.5
$15,5
$32.1
$26.1 $65.3 $64.8 $64.8 $633.4
$3,594.2 $1,622.2 $1,550.8 $1,301.3 $1,755.5
-$129.4
-$15.5
$568.6
$454.2
$3,222.7 $4,350.2 $4,316.9 $3,840.7 $3,373.2 -$467.5
$15,280.3 $17,032.4 $10,647.9 $4,924.4 $6,259.7 $1,335.3
$193.4 $350.2 $332.7 $630.7 -$630.7
$3,330.3 $3,662.5 $2,362.5 $5,216.2 $450.0 -$4,766.2
$208.0 $229.9 $229.9 $214.9 $483.1 $268.2
$6,681.0 $8,807.5 $8,807.5 $8,807.5 $11,546.0 $2,738.5
-------
ACTUAL
1981
ENERGY
MultJ-Media Energy
JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IH THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research S Development
Multi-Media Energy
Program
$3,881,2 $5,227.0 $5,143.7 $4,912.6 $4,521.8 -$390.8
$28,894.5 $31,140.2 $23,384.2 $20,264.9 $20,011.2 -$253.7
TOTAL $32,775.7 $36,367.2 $28,527.9 $25,177,5 $24,533.0 -$644.5
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Technical Information
Information S Liaison
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
S Technology
Environmental
Processes S Effects
Acid Rain
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKVEARS
3.7
.6
58.2
1.6
3.4
67.5
3.8
.3
59.1
1.1
4.0
68.3
2.8
.3
59.1
.6
4.0
66.8
2.8
.3
51,1
3.5
4.0
61,7
-2,8
3.1 2.8
26.7 -24.4
-3,5
7.0 3.0
36. B -24.9
-------
ENERGY
Multl-Media Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Technical Information
Information 8 Liaison
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
Acid Rain
TOTAL UORKYEARS
7.0 6.1 5.1 5.1 -5.1
1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 9.2 8.2
74.7 72,9 72.9 64.9 37.7 -27.2
2.9 4.5 4.0 10.4 -10.4
3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 4.0
90.1 88.5 87.0 85.4 54.9 -30.5
-------
ENERGY
Multl-media Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,533,000 and 36.8 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $644,500 and 24.9 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included in this total is $4,521,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $20,011,200
for Research and Development, with decreases of $390,800 and $253,700, res-
pectively. This decrease reflects the deemphasis of synfuel s research re-
sulting from slower commercialization efforts by industry, and the unavail-
ability of commercial synfuel facilities to perform certain control technology
projects.
Program Description
The Multi-media Energy program addresses those problems originating from
energy sources which have the potential to adversely affect the environment In
one or more media. In broad terms, the primary objective of this program is
to provide EPA program and Regional offices, State and local governments, and
Industry with the scientific information necessary to permit the development
and utilization of this nation's natural resources in an environmentally
acceptable manner. To achieve this objective, the Multi-media Energy Research
program addresses three major subjects: synthetic fuels, acid rain, and the
limestone injection multi-stage burner(LIMB)/low NOX control technology.
The synthetic fuels research program assists industry and permitting
officials in identifying problems which might Impede the timely commerciali-
zation of this industry in an environmentally acceptable manner. Specific
research activities include: developing Integrated health and environmental
risk assessments for several synfuel processes; providing technical assistance
to the Regions and States in the areas of oil shale, coal liquefaction and
coal gasification; and evaluating the performance, reliability and cost of
alternative control technologies.
Acid rain research seeks to assess the magnitude, extent and severity of
acid deposition effects, the sources of these effects and the possible measures
which could be employed to mitigate these effects.
The LIMB/1ow NOX program represents a potentially less expensive control
technology which can also lower both NOX and SOX emissions simultaneously.
This program develops the necessary performance, reliability and cost data to
accelerate the commercialization of this technology as well as support our
regulatory program efforts in their review of New Source Performance Standards
for utility biolers. This program will be consolidated in 1983 by transferring
research from the Oxidants Energy and Gases and Particles Energy programs
because information generated In this activity directly assists the Acid Rain
research program.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
Refer to the Oxidants Non-Energy narrative for a description of those
Technical Information and Liaison activities that are common to all research
and development budget sub-activities. Activities specific to this budget
sub-activity are indicated in the program element description below.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $239,700, of which $231,000 was under
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,700 was for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
E-12
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Besides the major activities described above, specific accomplishments
in the area of energy included the publication of an EPA acid precipitation
assessment plan and an oil shale industry environmental assessment.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$247,000 $214,900 $177,000
The net decrease of -$70,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" January -March. (-$32,100) This change represented a decrease of
$32,100 fromtheJanuary budget, of which $32,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $100 was for Research and Development. This decrease resulted
in the reduction of Regional liaison activities, and reduction of the
number of technical information documents published,
- Corvgressional Acti ons. (-$37,900) An additional reduction of -$37,900
was applied tothe Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
al mandated appropriation level.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $177,000 and 2.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $161,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $15,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, activities will continue to focus on the preparation and dissemi-
nation of energy research publications and provide a mechanism to promote com-
munications between ORD and the energy user community.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,100 for this program, all of which is
for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects decreases of $129,400 and $15,500
respectively, resulting from a deemphasis in the synfuels program which will
require less publications and the dissemination of such information.
In 1983, the Technical Information and Liaison program will stress pro-
viding the necessary technical information to State and local officials in
support of their increased role in administering environmental programs.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,620,300 for this program, of which
526,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $3,594,200 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
EPA developed the integrated risk assessment program to estimate the health
and environmental risks associated with emerging energy processes. Adverse
health effects are expressed in terms of the incidence of mortality and morbid-
ity, while adverse environmental effects are expressed in terms of economic
loss (crops, fisheries resources), loss of species and habitat, and other
ecosystem changes. To perform these risk analyses, data on pollutant release
rates, multi-media transport, and effects are needed. Reliable, inexpensive,
short-term testing methods are also needed to obtain these data in the most
E-13
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cost-efficient manner.
The following research accomplishments provide input to the integrated risk
assessment program.
- A unique inhalation exposure facility was utilized to characterize
the biological effects of diesel exhaust alone and in combination with
coal dust exposure in rats and monkeys. This technique is needed for
comparative evaluations of combustion products from petroleum-based fuels
versus synthetic fuels.
- A teratogenicity test using amphibian embryos was developed to pro-
vide guidance in prioritizing the need for further biological testing.
Standardization tests using eleven known mammalian teratogens were com-
pleted.
- Teratogenicity tests on eleven complex mixtures of fossil fuel ma-
terials were completed, and a Teratogenic Index which relates terato-
genicity and embryo lethality was formulated to facilitate compari-
sons of teratogenic potential between various compounds and mixtures.
- Support was provided to the Fossil Fuels Research Materials Facility.
These samples developed at the facility were utilized by about 30
investigators to develop bioassay methods.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$l,68/,5Cto $1,615,500 $1,366,100
The net decrease of -$321,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$71,900) This change represented a decrease of
$71,900 from the January budget, of which $500 was for Salaries and Expenses
and $71,400 was for Research and Development. This decrease resulted in
reduced efforts to evaluate Industrial hygiene in synfuel plants.
- Congressional Actions. (-$249,500} A reduction of -5249,500 was taken
against the March request reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. This will result in a reduced
effort In the integrated risk analysis program.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,366,100 and .3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $64,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,301,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1982, the Health Effects research program fills data gaps Identified
in the initial stages of the integrated risk assessment program,
Microbiai and mammalian cells are being utilized in assays for mutageni-
city and cytotoxicity to determine potential genotoxicity of various oil shale-
related waste streams and fractions. These data will facilitate the development
of a comparative risk analysis.
A series of studies are being conducted to determine the degree to which
a set of compounds, representative of synfuel process effluents and products,
are transported via the foodchain (plant and animal) to human consumption.
E-14
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1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,388,900 and 3.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $633,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,755,500
is for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $568,600 and
$454,200 respectively. This increase results from the transfer of the entire
integrated health and environmental risk assessment program from the Multi-media
Energy Environmental Processes and Effects program to the Multi-media Energy
Health Effects program.
In 1983, the Health Effects research program will focus on producing new
or upgraded health and environmental risk analyses for synfuel processes.
These efforts will support program office and State needs by providing the
necessary data to promulgate cost-effective standards and regulations for syn-
thetic fuel processes as well as supply information that can be used to review
permit applications.
Specific activities include the following:
» Finalize and peer review the draft health risk analyses for indirect
and direct coal liquefaction, and for oil from shale processes.
- Complete the environmental risk analysis for oil shale extraction.
- Upgrade the environmental risk analyses for indirect and direct coal
liquefaction to include all models.
- Conduct terrestrial food chain studies for three major groups of
effluents from the synfuel industry.
- Obtain and evaluate human health data for several groups of chemical
compounds associated with synfuels.
- Study the atmospheric transformation of several groups of chemicals
associated with synfuels using mutagenicity as an indicator of toxidfy.
- Compile and use a data base for aquatic toxicity of synfuels and in
upgrading health and environmental risk analyses.
ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $18,503,000 for this program, of which
$3,222,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $15,280,300
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Synthetic Fuels Program. In 1981, the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) placed emphasis on identifying the environmental pollutants and requisite
control technologies for synfuels plants. The synfuels program 1s designed to
provide engineering assessments on the cost and performance capabilities of
alternative control technologies for synthetic fuel facilities; provide emission,
effluent, and solid waste data which are required by State and Regional environ-
mental officials to grant construction permits; and provide support in reviewing
Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). The control technology Information is
used by synthetic fuel developers to select the most effective control technolo-
gies, and utilized by EPA program offices to perform cost-benefit analysis of
alternative regulatory options.
E-15
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Specific accomplishments included:
- Oil shale wastewaters from the Occidental No. 6 burn, Paraho and Rio
Blanco projects were characterized. Air emissions from oil shale retort-
ing were character!zed, and wet scrubbing for particulate control was
evaluated in cooperation with the Department of Energy. Leaching tests
of Paraho and Colony spent oil shale were completed.
- In the area of coal gasification and liquefaction, an evaluation of a
Lurgi commercial coal gasification plant was completed on a gasifier at
Kosovo (Yugoslavia). The evaluation has shown significant emissions of
POM (3aP) from vents from the lock hoppers and coal feeders. Ambient
monitoring showed an abnormally high level of BaP generated by waste
flaring.
- A study assessing the feasibility of using biological oxidation on coal
synfuels wastewater was completed. These studies show that biological
treatment alone of Lurgi wastewaters does not result in an acceptable
effluent.
- Low BTU atmospheric coal gaslflers (Stoic, We11man Galusha and
Wilputte-Chapman) were evaluated to determine environmental impacts.
These data are required by the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
to develop plans for establishing a NSPS for coal and oil shale synfuels
plants.
- Technical support was provided to the states of Kentucky and West Virginia,
and EPA Regional offices to determine the adequacy of Environmental
Impact Statements and synfuel permit applications for H-Coal and SRC-II
direct coal liquefaction processes.
- A comprehensive chemical and biological character-ten"zation of waste
streams and products from Exxon Donor Solvent and SRC-II direct coal
liquefaction pilot plants was conducted. Organic priority pollutants in
wastewater streams from the Exxon Donor Solvent pilot plant were found
to be lower than lOppb.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$21,382,600 $14,964,800 $8,765,100
The net decrease of -$12,617,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$6,417,800) This change represented a decrease of
$6,4l.7,ttuu from the January budget, of which $33,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and 56,384,500 was for Research and Development.
- Reprogrammirig. (-$46,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several iniseel 1 aneous reprogrammlngs, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$46,200.
- Congressional Actions. (-55,601,700) A reduction of -$4,695,300 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. A portion of this reduction re-
flects final Conference action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill (-$3,691,300).
The additional reduction will decrease our efforts in research activities
related to synthetic fuels development (-$1,004,000).
E-16
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An additional reduction of -$906,400 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($733,600) and Research and Development ($172,600) appropriations
to meet Congressional mandated appropriation level.
Transfer AUtho r1ty. (-$551,800) The decrease of $551,800 applied to this
act! VI ty "1 sBade'Tip of a decrease of -$855,400 from Research and Development
and an Increase of $303,600 to Salaries and Expenses. The Salaries and
Expenses Increase will allow lab program reviews, monitoring of extramural
projects, as well as, the conduct of more program evaluation studies. The
Increase will also permit modifications of Research Triangle Park synfuel
combustion testing facility that will Increase the quality and comprehensive-
ness of emissions data. They will provide for equipment purchases for a
methanol combustion test facility as well as equipment purchases for a
synfuels fugitive properties test facility-
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $8,765,100 and 51.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,840,700 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,924,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research
and Development appropriation.
Synthetic Fuels Program. In 1982, the Agency will continue to place em-
phasis on evaluatingcontrol options for various synthetic fuel processes and
include the following projects:
- Conduct an assessment of wastewater treatment control technologies,
and an evaluation of air pollutant emissions associated with in-sltu
and surface processes.
- Conduct a multi-media environmental assessment of low, medium and high
6TU coal gasification and Indirect liquefaction processes; source testing
of direct coal liquefaction processes; and bench scale testing of coal
synfuel wastewater and gaseous discharges. These data will be used by
the program offices to develop plans for establishing a New Source Per-
formance Standards (NSPS) for synfuels plants.
- Complete a source measurement synfuels report and an evaluation of opera-
tional and maintenance effects on synfuel fugitive emissions. These data
will be used by the Synthetic Fuels Corporation and distributed to their
applicants.
- Place major emphasis on providing the Regions with technical support for
reviewing EISs, and providing synfuel permit reviewers in the Regions
and States with technical manuals describing pollutants and control tech-
nologies for major coal and oil shale synfuel processes.
LjMB/Low Npx Control.Technol ogy. In conjunction with research on the LIMB
process' ini the Oiridants; arid Gases and Particles Energy programs, a pilot evaluation
of the LIMB process on tangential ly - fired and wall-fired boilers is being
conducted.
1983 Program Request '
The Agency requests a total of $9,632,900 and 26.7 permanent workyears
for this program of which $3,373,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,259,700
is for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $467,500 and an
increase of $1,335,300, respectively. The decrease reflects the deemphasis of
the synfuels research program based on the slower commercialization of this
industry; the increase results from the transfer of the LIMB/low NOX program
from the Oxidants and Gases and Particles Energy programs to this program.
E-17
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The 1983 engineering and control technology program will continue to support
regulatory development requirements, as well as assist permitting officials and
industry by (1) evaluating the control options associated with synthetic fuel
process; (2) providing technical assistance to the States and Regions; and (3)
assessing the performance, reliability and cost of the LIMB/1ow NOX process.
Synthetic Fuels Program. The synfuels activities will consist primarily
of providing technical support to the EPA Regions and the States In the areas of
oil shale, coal gasification and coal liquefaction. The Agency will evaluate
the control technology performance, reliability and cost of the H-Coal direct
liquefaction process. Source testing on the H-Coal pilot plant will be limited
to key streams and pollutants at the Level I/ Level 2 degree of screening for
controlled releases. Synfuel combustion testing will be followed by chemical
and biological characterization of combustion products. A comparison will be
made with conventional fuel analogs. The Agency will also evaluate recycle/reuse
technologies as an alternative approach to direct disposal of synfuel solid
waste. An environmental assessment will be conducted on the reuse of coal conver-
sion wastewaters for cooling tower makeup.
LlMB/Low MOX Control Technology. The performance of the LIMB process in a
one ml 111 on BTl) Tahgehtl al ly-f*1 red and a one million BTU wall-fired furnace will
be tested. Boiler conditions will be simulated, and various types of coals will
be used and evaluated.
An assessment of a low NOx burner at Utah Power and Light Company will be
conducted, and an evaluation of a prototype distributed mixing low NOX coal
burner will be conducted at pilot plant scale to determine the extent of NOx
capture in both wall-fired and tangentially-fired boilers. A variety of coal
types will be used and analyzed. These data are needed to review NSPS for utility
boilers. Field evaluations will be completed for a low NOX burner at the 25 MM
Eastern Illinois Cooperative utility wall-fired boiler test site.
E_N_mP.MMElTAL PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS.
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $3,523,700 for this program, of which
$193,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,330,300 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The following research was designed to complement the research conducted
in the Energy Health Effects program. It is part of the integrated risk
assessment program which Is designed to develop methods for estimating the
health and environmental risks associated with emerging energy processes.
- A generic site model for use in energy risk analyses was produced. The
risk analysts methodology and site models will be utilized to define the
waste streams from emerging energy waste streams.
- Animal studies Illustrating the Influence of diet on the toxiclty of
heavy metals were completed. The results indicated that certain seg-
ments of the population are at greater risk when exposed to pollutants.
- Site-specific atmospheric dispersion models were adapted to assess the
transport and dispersion of pollutants in the complex terrain of the
Green River oil shale formation. Existing regional flow and pollutant
models were examined to identify those models most applicable to the
Green River oil shale area.
- A preliminary study on the potential for chronic leaching of abandoned
oil shale retorts was completed. The report identified surface and
E-18
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. sub-surface geological factors that can be related to aquifer charac-
teristics and groundwater movement.
- The Mobil Emissions Testing Facility, which is used to determine the
emissions from automobiles being driven under the Alaskan driving cycle,
was set up in Fairbanks and Anchorage. The information will be utilized
to predict air emissions for the unusual meteorological conditions which
occur in cold climates. The data will also be used to develop and evaluate
State Implementation Plans.
- A report describing improved plant materials utilized to reclaim surface
mined lands In arid and semi-arid areas of the United States was completed.
This document will be used by mining companies to reclaim mined lands
In a more cost-effective and efficient manner.
1982 Ejcpjaflatljjn^of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,012,700 $2,695,200 $5,846,900
The net increase of +$1,834,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$1,317,500) This change represented a decrease of
$1,317,500 from the January budget, of which $17,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,300,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted In reduced efforts in methods for determining the efforts of energy
pollutants on fish and wildlife management practices.
" Reprogramniing. {+$6,567,000) This reprogrammlng of +$6,567,000 win
permit a morecohesive synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of
this transfer is to provide the needed assessments to be used by the Agency
In the development of standards and criteria for the emerging synthetic
fuels Industry. It was decided in 1982 that all synfuel related activities
In the energy program should be redirected and reprogrammed into the energy
multi-media program so that the entire synthetic fuels would be reflected
in one area. This reprogrammlng will permit a more cohesive synthetic
fuels research program. (This reprogramming was Included In a letter to
Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Conoresslpnal Actions. (-$1,895,400) A reduction of -$1,419,700 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. This decrease will cause a
reduced effort in the following areas: integrated risk analysis program;
impact of mining; and energy development in the West.
An additional reduction of -$475,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses ($33,500) and Research and Development ($442,200) appropriations to
meet Congressional mandated appropriation level.
* Transfer Authori ty. (-$1,519,900) ,The net change applied to this activi-
ty TTTSSTifr~of~~a~decrease of -$1,574,500 from Research and Development
and an increase of $54,600 to Salaries and Expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,846,900 and 3.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $630,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,216,200 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
E-19
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Specific research activities are as follows:
- A draft health risk analysis for direct and indirect coal liquefaction,
and oil from shale processes is being completed.
- A preliminary environmental risk analysis for direct and Indirect coal
liquefaction and an environmental risk analysis for oil shale extraction
is being Initiated.
- Flow reactor studies are being conducted on synfuel plant emissions,
synfuel combustion products, and transformation rates to enable develop-
ment of exposure assessment models for synthetic fuels.
- The development of an improved, site-specific air quality dispersion
model for sources in the complex terrain area of the Green River oil
shale formation Is being completed.
- The toxicltles of water soluble fractions of coal liquefaction pro-
ducts and other complex organic fuel mixtures are being assessed with
indicator fish species.
- Technicians from the State of Alaska Department of Environmental Con-
servation are being trained In the use of the Mobil Emissions Testing
Facility.
1913 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $450,000 for this program, all of which 1s
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $630,700 and
$4,766,200 respectively. This decrease results from the transfer of the Inte-
grated health and environmental risk assessment program from the Multi-media
Energy Environmental Processes and Effects program to the Multi-media Energy
Health Effects program.
Carbon monoxide modeling studies designed to address the carbon monoxide
non-attainment problem in the Fairbanks and Anchorage Air Basins will be
initiated. An evaluation of meteorologic data as an "early warning system" for
identifying potential carbon monoxide violations in cold climate areas will be
initiated.
ACID RAIN
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $6,889,000 for this program, of which
$208,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,681,000 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1981, research focused on the emission of acid rain precursors; their
atmospheric transport and deposition; the evaluation of health, environmental and
material effects; and an assessment of mitigative measures and policy needs.
Results of add precipitation research will contribute to major components of the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. Title VII of the Energy Security
Act provides for the establishment of an Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipi-
tation which is charged with providing an understanding of the transport and fate
of acid precipitation precursors; determining the causes and sources of acid
precipitation; evaluating the cost-effectiveness of mitigative techniques; and
assessing the environmental and health effects of acid precipitation. EPA Is
co-chairman of the Task Force and has the lead agency role in the Aquatic
Effects, Control Technology, and Assessment and Policy areas.
For descriptive purposes, the Acid Rain Research program is grouped into
five generic categories: man-made sources, atmospheric processes, deposition
E-20
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monitoring, health and environmental impacts* and integrated assessment. A
description of these activities follows.
Man-Hade Sources. The 503 emissions inventory for electric utilities was
completed for the entire nation. The inventory for all other source categories
was completed for thirty-one eastern States. Also, a prototype advanced utility
simulation model was developed and operated, and the AIRTEST model of electric
utility emissions was streamlined and operated.
Atmospheric Processes. The Multi-State Atmospheric Power Production Pollu-
tion Study/Regional Acidity of Industrial Emissions {MAP3S/ Raine) program conti-
nued to address the physical understanding and mathematical description of acidic
deposition over the North American Continent. Research in this progam 1s directed
towards understanding both the wet and dry deposition of acidic aerosols and
acidic aerosol precursors through field, laboratory and modeling studies.
- The regional trajectory models, ASTRAP, RAPT, and AIRSOX were upgraded
to an applied stage, and were executed for numerous cases Involving the
northeastern United States, southeastern Canada and other regions of the
United States such as the area around Mt. St. Helens eruption. All three
models are In the final stages of documentation and a crosscomparison of
the models for common data sets was completed.
- Several field studies designed to provide a better understanding of the
various physical and chemical processes which occur between source and
receptor were completed. The most Important was the Investigation of the
scavenging behavior of frontal (cyclonic) storms. This study, called
Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains (OSCAR), was
conducted during April 1981.
Deposition and Monitoring.
- Monitoring studies focused on providing a national acid precipitation
data system, and developing methods for dry deposition measurement.
- Preliminary data from the Global Precipitation Chemistry Network were
examined for detailed Information on the chemical composition of preci-
pitation In remote areas of the world.
- Field and laboratory studies were conducted to characterize the dry deposi-
tion of ozone, sulfur dioxide and particles on various surfaces, and to
develop new sensors and deposition monitors for species of interest in
ecosystem acidification.
Health And Environmental Impacts. An active research program studying the
Impacts of add deposition upon aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and materials
was continued. Several projects were either completed, continued or Initiated
in this area. Among these were the following:
- A preliminary map of the 48 conterminous states In terms of surface
water alkalinity (which Is an index of the degree to which aquatic
systems are sensitive to acidification) was completed. The map Is
one of the first assessments of the sensitivity of surface waters to
acidity, and will be used to document the extent of the problem.
- Aquatic surveys to determine the sensitivity of lakes and streams to
acidification In the New England and middle-Atlantic states were com-
pleted, and an analysis of surface water acidification trends In the
eastern and upper-midwestern parts of the United States was initiated.
E-21
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- An adaptive environmental assessment workshop on the effects of acid
precipitation on fish resources was held to evaluate quantitative meth-
ods for assessing the impacts of surface water acidification on fish
populations.
- Techniques for evaluating the effects of acid precipitation on field-
grown crops under more realistic ambient conditions were developed, and
an Inter-laboratory study involving six sites (5 in the United States
and 1 in Canada) was initiated to evaluate the dose-response relation-
ships of differing levels of acidity on a single crop under standardized
experimental conditions.
Assessment. The assessment program continued to provide support to the Fed-
eral Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation. United States and Canadian
scientists prepared a report on pollutant transport across international United
States/Canada boundaries, environmental and health Impacts, and possible control
and policy strategies.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Request Request Estimate
$9,037,400 $9,037,400 $9,022,400
The net decrease of -$15,000 results from the following action:
- Congressional Actions. (-$15,000) A reduction of -$15,000 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional mandated
appropriation level.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,022,400 and 4.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $214,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,807,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research
and Development appropriation.
tlan-Made Sources. An operational Utility Simulation Model Is being developed
and demonstrated at the state level; (2) the S02 emissions Inventory Is being ex-
panded, the integrated NOX emissions inventory is being expanded; and (3) addi-
tional chemical species for emissions inventory development, are being identified
and prioritized.
Atmospheric Processes. Atmospheric processes research on the MAP3S program
and the Eastern North American Model for Air Pollution (EMAMAP) model is contin-
uing. The following major activities are being conducted.
- Three regional trajectory (Lagrangian) models are being made available
to the user community with user's manuals and other supporting documen-
tation. The trajectory approach is being deemphasized with greater
emphasis being placed on developing a modular Eulerian grid.model to the
applied stage. The shift to the Eulerian approach for long-range trans-
port and deposition Is a consequence of the superior manner in which
complex flows and transformation processes can be described.
- Comprehensive analysis of the OSCAR field experiment data set is
being completed. The results from this analysis are needed to develop
modules that describe the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere by
precipitation in frontal storms. Plans for a similar field experiment
to examine scavenging behavior in convectlve storms are being initiated.
E-22
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- Refinements to the ENAMAP model to include nitrogen chemistry and to
incorporate more realistic deposition and transformation rates are being
completed. A user's guide describing the new model revisions Is being
produced.
Deposition and Honitoring.
- The Global Precipitation Chemistry Network is continuing through inter-
agency (NOAA and EPA) cooperation, with data from various remote sites
being examined for possible impacts of anthropogenic sources of sulfates
and nitrates.
- Preliminary results of the Dry Deposition Methods Intercomparlson Field
Study are being reported. These data will lead to the identification
of suitable surface monitors to measure the dry deposition of pollutants-
Field experiments assessing pollutant deposition to natural surfaces 1n
forests and croplands for various atmospheric stability classes are being
continued.
Health and;£jj^1[ropenta1 ,Imttacts.* Research on the Impacts of acid deposition
on aquatic and terrestrialecosystems and materials is being continued. Among
these projects are the following:
- An evaluation of the historical data base for the acidification of
aquatic systems in the upper midwest and eastern United States is
being completed. Acidification rates are being determined for
different types of aquatic systems.
- A national survey of the extent and rate of the acidification of
lakes, streams, and groundwaters in the United States is being
Initiated.
- An assessment of short-term mitigation measures (liming) to reduce or
eliminate the biological consequences of the acidification of aquatic
systems is being initiated.
- A pilot study is being initiated at several forest sites in the eastern
United States to evaluate the relationship between the growth of selected
forest species and add precipitation.
- Agronomic studies are being continued. These studies are designed
to: (1) determine the Impacts of acid precipitation on perrenlal crops
which are exposed to acid precipitation throughout the year; (2) assess
the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of acid precipitation on crop
yields; and (3) evaluate the role of sulfate and nitrate components in
acid precipitation Impacts.
Assessment. EPA's activities in the Federal Interagency Task Force will be
continued. EPA will: (1) compile and evaluate cost and performance Information
for alternative mitigation measures; (2) Initiate the preliminary integrated
assessment of acid precipitation research results; and (3) evaluate coal industry
capacity constraints on physical coal cleaning as a near-term mitigation measure.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12^029,100 and 7.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 5483,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $11,546,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects an increase of $268,200 and $2,738,500, respec-
E-23
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tively. This increase reflects increased support for all of the major areas of
research in the Acid Precipitation program. The 1983 program has been planned
in conjunction with the Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation.
Man-Hade Sources. Man-made sources research will include: (1) completion
of the development and demonstration of an Advanced Utility Simulation Model;
(2) an updating of the S02 and MOX emission inventories and the development of
inventories for other priority chemical species; and (3) development of a stream-
lined Industrial Combustion Emission Model.
Atmospheric Processes. Several major milestones 1n the MAP3S/RAINE program
will be completed in 1983.
- The regional Eulerian grid model will be developed to an applied
stage, tested against the best available data bases, and compared
with results from the same data sets obtained with the regional
trajectory models.
- A major field experiment will be conducted to examine the chemistry and
scavenging of acidic pollutants in convective storms. The experimental
design will be similar to the one used in the 1981 OSCAR experiment.
Laboratory studies will focus on Improving the air chemistry, the scaveng-
ing in-cloud chemistry, and dry deposition modules.
Deposi tlon and Mpnltori no. EPA will be taking an increased role in the
development of improved monitoring methods for the National Trends Network. A
final report on dry deposition methods investigated during the 1981 and 1982
Intercomparison studies will be completed; and Improved dry deposition parameters
derived from the direct measurement of atmospheric sulfur fluxes over a pine
plantation will be developed. In addition, if chemical detectors or methods
become available, measurements of dry deposition fluxes of nitrogen dioxide,
ammonia, nitric acid and sulfurle acid will be made.
Health and Environmental Impacts. Research of the effects of acid precip-
itation on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and materials will continue and
include the following projects.
- An assessment of stone damage related to environmental exposure conditions
and acid deposition will be reported. Additional assessments related
to other building materials will be Initiated.
- The first national assessment and synthesis of the Impacts of acid
precipitation on aquatic ecosystems will be conducted.
- An evaluation of the potential health Impacts of the release of metals
from acidified drinking waters will be completed. The report will
focus on ground waters and community drinking water supplies.
- Research which addresses the biological Impacts of acidification will
be expanded to focus on procedures for predicting and validating the loss
of fish resources, and to assess the effects of acid precipitation on
aquatic foodchains.
- Research which assesses the influence of acid precipitation on the
mobilization and transport of nutrients and potentially toxic metals
from terrestrial systems to aquatic systems will be continued. The
results of studies analyzing the release of aluminum from soils will
be completed.
- A site-specific evaluation of acid precipitation Impacts on forest
productivity and an evaluation of the use of tree-ring analysis
techniques for regional assessments of impacts will be completed.
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- Research to evaluate the impacts of acid precipitation on chemical
cycling and soil processes within forest ecosystems will be continued.
Procedures will be evaluated to relate nutrient leaching from soils
with impacts on forest growth.
- The interactive effects of acid rain and gaseous air pollutants on
the growth and yield of crops will be evaluated.
- Dose/response functions Involving the effects of acid precipitation
on the growth and yield of a wide group of annual crops (soybean, snail
grains, corn, and vegetables) and such perennial crops as alfalfa and
forage species will be developed.
Assessment. EPA's activities under the Interagency Task Force will be
continued, aruf an integrated assessment of acid precipitation research results
will be continued. A systems analysis of the acid precipitation phenomenon
will be conducted to Identify systematically areas of uncertainty. An evalu-
ation of the performance and associated costs of alternative mitigation
measures will be conducted.
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ENERGY
Oxldants Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Env1 ronmental Enijl neerl ng
& Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental Processes
8 Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
$7.8 $10.1 $10.0
$1.741.2 $1,211.1 $711.1
$1,350.2 $1,825.3 $1,812.6 $1,745.2
$6,627.5 $11,280.8 $10,780.8 $8,800.1
$24.8
$378.9
$410.9 -$1,334.3
$966.9 -$7,833.2
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
$1,382.8 $1,835.4 $1,822.6 $1,745.2 $410.9 -$1,334.3
$8,747.6 $12,491.9 $11,491.9 $8,800.1 $966.9 -$7,833.2
Oxldants Energy
TOTAL
$10,130.4 $14,327.3 $13,314.5 $10,545.3 $1,377.8 -$9,167.5
-------
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
S Technology
Environmental
Processes S Effects
TOTAL PERMAHENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Health Effects
Envl ronmental Engl neerl ng
& Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
TOTAL HORKYEARS
ENERGY
Oxldants Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE- +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
.2 .1 .1
20.0 21.9 21.9 21.9 5.3 -16.fi
.1
20.3 22.0 22.0 21.9 5.3 -16.6
.2 .2 .2
28.5 32.8 32.8 30.8 8.4 -22.4
.1
28.8 33.0 33.0 30.8 8.4 -22.4
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ENERGY
Oxidants Energy
BudgetmReguest,
The Agency requests a total of $1,377.800 and 5.3 permanent workyears
for 1983, a decrease of $9,167,500 an 16.6 permanent workyears from 1982.
Included In this total 1s $410,900 for Salaries and Expenses and $966,900
for Research and Development, with a decrease of $1,334,300 and $7,833,200,
respectively. This decrease primarily results from the transfer of the LIMB/
low NOX burner program to the Multi-media Energy program, and the curtail-
ment of the fundamental combustion modification program.
Program Description
The major objectives of the Oxidants Energy program are to assess the
health and ecological effects of ozone and other photochemical oxidants, and
to develop and evaluate control technologies for oxldant precursors emitted
from energy sources. To achieve these objectives, the research program 1s
designed to Improve EPA's ability to: (1) quantify the adverse environmental
effects of ozone and other photochemical oxidants on crops and forest ecosys-
tems; (2) assess and predict the long-term health effects of exposure to 03,
S02 and NOg; and (3) minimize NOX emissions while simultaneously maintaining
boiler efficiency and reliability. The health and environmental effects data
are used by the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation (OANR) to review and revise
the ozone criteria document. The environmental engineering and technology
research is used by State and Regional air pollution control authorities to
establish and enforce cost effective emissions regulations.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,749,000 for this program, of which
$7,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $1,741,200 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The data collection phase of the Los Angeles epldenrlologlcal study was
completed. In this study, groups of healthy and asthmatic children were ad-
ministered pulmonary function tests on a weekly basis during the 12-week peak
smog season. Data from these tests, as well as diaries kept by the subjects,
will be analyzed as soon as aerometric data on ozone, SOg and NOz are made
available by the California A1r Resources Board and the South Coast Air Qua-
lity Monitoring District. This is a court-mandated study designed to assess
the relationship between ozone levels and pulmonary problems in asthmatics.
1982 Explanation qf Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,221,200 $721,100
The net decrease of -$1,221,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" ja"!ja.>y " Marcn- (-5500,100) This change represented a decrease of
$500,100 from the January budget, of which $100 was for Salaries and Ex-
penses and $500,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
E-28
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resulted in a reduction of research on the health effects of ozone and
other photochemical oxldants, and the elimination of some epedemiology
research on pollutants from conventional coal combustion processes.
- Reprogramming. (-$721,100) This reprogramming of -$721,100 will per-
mit a more cohesive synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of
this transfer is to provide the needed assessments to be used by the
Agency in the development of standards and criteria for the emerging
synthetic fuels industry. It was decided in 1982 that all synfuel
related activities in the energy program should be redirected and
reprogrammed into the energy multi-media program so that the entire
synthetic fuels would be reflected in one area. This reprograitmrl ng
will permit a more cohesive synthetic fuels research program. (This
reprogramming was Included in a letter to Congress on December 16,
1981.)
1982 Program
The resources for this program in 1982 were transferred to the Multi-
media Energy program to conduct research in support of the integrated risk
assessment program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERIN6 AND TECHHOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $7,977,700 for this program, of which
$1,350,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,627,500
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Pilot scale testing of a new heavy oil /low NOX burner in an oil field
steamer was completed. This research will allow for the expanded production
of heavy oil without degrading environmental quality in some California and
Texas oil fields where recovery is limited by N0£ emissions. Region IX
and the California Air Resources Board will utilize these data to Issue
construction permits and establish State Implementation Plans (SIPs). This
technology can also be applied to conventional oil fired industrial boilers.
Thus, the results will have an Impact on the review and potential revision
of the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for industrial boilers.
A technology assessment report for industrial boilers was completed.
This report reviews NOX control approaches (e.g. combustion modification
and flue gas treatment) that are ap!1 cable to industrial boiler and evaluates
their effectiveness and costs. It will be used by the Office of Air, Noise
and Radiation to review the NSPS for industrial boilers.
A thirty-day, long-term NO* emission monitoring program was completed
for several industrial boilers that were equipped with combustion modification
for MOX control. The long-term (thirty-day) evaluation of the staged refinery
heater revealed a 50 percent reduction 1n HOX emissions. These data will be
used by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) and Regions
IX and VI for issuing Standards of Performance and granting construction
permits.
The results from the environmental assessment of conventional combustion
systems were published. The report addressed residential heating, and sta-
tionary, utility, industrial, and commercial combustion sources. These data
will be used OANR to assess the environmental consequences of NOX control.
E-29
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Screening tests of the LIMB technology were Initiated on a 1 million BTU
per hour wall-fired boiler for two coal types: high-sulfur coal and low-sulfur
coal.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$13,106,100 $12,593,400 $10,545,300
The net decrease of -$2,560,800 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$512,700) This change represented a decrease of
$512,700 from the January budget, of which $12,700 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $500,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted In fewer characterization tests of boiler performance and emis-
sions at low NOX burner demonstration sites.
- Congressional Actions. (-$2,048,100) A reduction of -51,810,700 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12? reduction
to the Research and Development appropriation. A portion of this reduc-
tion reflects the House and Senate Conference action on our 1982 Appro-
priation Bill (-$808,700). The additional reduction will transfer work
conducted extramurally to our In-house staff. The additional reduction
will transfer work conducted extraiiiurally to our in-house staff. The re-
duction also will reduce exploratory combustion research and evaluation
and.technology efforts (-$1,002,000).
An additional reduction of $237,400 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
" Transfer Authorlty. (No Change) The net change applied to this acti*
vity Hs made up of a decrease of -$170,000 from Research and Development
and an increase of +$170,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Salaries
and Expenses Increase will allow lab program reviews, monitoring of
extramural projects, as well as, the conduct of more program evaluation.
This Increase will also provide Instrumentation, spare and replacement
parts for the LIMB fundamental and pilot in-house projects. In addition,
coal and sorbent supplies for the small pilot study will be purchased
with these funds. They will also provide for the Installation of the
recently purchased natural gas-fired Spark Ignition (SI) engine. The
in-house fundamental combustion studies will be greatly enhanced by
the purchase of new optical components for the experimental (rainbow)
furnace and/or the industrial boiler simulator (DSD).
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,545,300 and 21.9
permanent workyears to this program, of which $1,745,200 is under the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,800,100 1s for extramural purposes under
the Research and Development appropriation.
A burner manufacturer is being selected to produce a commercial version
of the heavy oil/low HOX burner, and the field evaluation program 1$ being
initiated. This project supports Region IX and the California Air Resources
Board In issuing construction permits and establishing SIPs. The research
also supports OANR in reviewing the NSPS for industrial boilers.
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The applicability of 1n-furnace NOX reduction to domestically designed
boilers and United States coals Is being evaluated. These data will be used
by OANR to assess the existing standards of performance for NOX.
Performance testing of combustion modifications that are applicable to
spreader stoker boilers is being completed, and the results will be used to
prepare application guidelines for boiler manufacturers, boiler operators,
and by State and Federal air pollution control authorities.
Since industrial process combustors represent a large source of NOX
emissions, combustion modification technologies, such as reduced primary
air, modification of fuel injection velocities, etc., are being evaluated
on a coal-fired kiln. This project supports the Office of Air Quality
Standards (OAQPS) industrial combustion program.
Experiments to identify how the physical properties of coal are related
to NOX emissions under fuel-lean burning conditions are being conducted, the
results will be utilized by OANR to analyze NOX regulations.
Many complying sources have been drifting out of compliance, and the Re-
gions have traced this problem to poor operational and maintenance practices
for pollution control devices. Therefore, an operations and maintenance
practice manual is being developed for burner manufacturers and boiler owners/
operators to assure compliance with regulations and to assure that equipment
is operated in a safe and reliable manner.
A pilot evaluation of a one million BTU per hour wall-fired furnace with
simulated boiler conditions is being conducted to test S02 removal by the
LIMB process. The test will verify the projected performances indicated
by prior year bench-scale research.
19S3 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,377,800 and 5.3 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $410,900 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $966,900
is for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $1,334,300
and $7,833,200, respectively. This decrease results from the transfer of
research on low NOX burners and the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB) to the Multi-media Energy program. The decrease also results from the
completion of research in assessing alternative technologies for controlling
NOX emissions from stationary Internal combustion engines, and Investigating
UOX emissions control by combustion modification for Industrial process
combustion. These latter research projects are at the engineering stage where
industry 1s In a better position to commercialize our research findings.
The primary objectives of this program will be to continue development
of the necessary technical data to support regulatory development and Imple-
mentation efforts, accelerate the commercialization of cost-effective pollu-
tion control technologies, and allow energy production to increase in an
environmentally safe manner. Specific activities will Include:
- The long-term testing of the heavy oil /low NOX burner in an oil field
steamer will be completed. This will provide OANR with the technical
data to determine whether this burner can be utilized for oil field
steamers.
- An evaluation of combustion modification technologies on mass-fed,
coal-fired stoker boilers will be completed. Current estimates indi-
cate that coal-fired boilers account for up to 75 percent of station-
ary source MOX emissions. Therefore, techniques that help reduce
NOX emissions and are more reliable and cost effective than those
currently being used, are needed to permit the expanded production
E-31
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and use of domestically produced fossil fuels while maintaining
ambient air standards- This project supports the Office of Air,
Noise and Radiation's efforts to regulate Industrial boilers 1n a
cost-effective manner.
- Fundamental combustion research will continue to focus on elucidating
the Important Intermediates and reaction paths Involved In the forma-
tion of NOX in fossil fuel firing. This research will assess the
range of emissions achieved, and the associated costs. The data will
be used In reviewing the industrial boiler standard of performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
JJ8JJtecaiipl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $403,700 for this program, of which
$24,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $378,900 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Exposure systems to determine the Impacts of ozone on crop yield were
Installed and field experiments were Initiated to evaluate crop yield effects
on major agronomic crops such as soybeans, wheat, corn and potatoes. The
results of these experiments Indicated that the use of a chamber-free field
exposure system for evaluating ozone Impacts on crops Is useful in screening
the effects of a large number of pollutants.
Crop productivity models, capable of evaluating the interactive effects
of air pollution with other environmental factors on crop yield, were develop-
ed. These models provide the framework for assessing the economic consequen-
ces of air pollution on the agriculture Industry so that cost/benefit Issues
involving air pollution control strategies can be addressed.
1982 Program
The Agency 1s not allocating resources for this program in 1982. The
research for this program was completed in 1981. Any additional requirements
will be conducted in the base research program.
1983 Program
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
E-32
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ENERGY
Gases And Particles Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 MS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Environmental
.Processes 4 Effects
Salaries A Expenses
Research 4 Development
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
$25.0 $23.4 $22.9
$1,570.3 $2,730.7 $1,930.7
$1,304.7 $1,534.6 $2,338.1 $2,074.1 $1,803.7 -$270.4
$6,715.5 $11,132.4 $6,236.4 $5,100.4 $3,282.2 -$1,818.2
$620.6 $852.8 $1,054.1 $743.1 $283.0 -$460.1
$5,072.9 $6,367.7 $5,267.7 $4,109.8 $3,250.5 -$859.3
$150.3
$1,044.9
$215.3
$1,520.2
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Gases And Particles TOTAL
Energy
$2,100.6 $2,626.1 $3,415.1 $2,817.2 $2,086.7 -$730.5
$14,403.6 $21,751.0 $13,434.8 $9,210.2 $6,532.7 -$2,677.5
$16,504.2 $24,377.1 $16,849.9 $12,027.4 $8,619.4 -$3,408.6
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ENERGY
Gases And Particles Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WRKYEARS
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental
Processes S Effects
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
.4 .3 .3
19.5 19.8 25.7 25.7 18.7 -7.0
2.8 2.6 3.6 1.3 1.0 -.3
1.7 1.0
24.4 23.7 29.6 27.0 19.7 -7.3
.4 .9 .9
24.4 28.4 42.7 42.7 31.2 -11,5
& Technology
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ENERGY
Gases And Particles Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental 10.6 21.4 27.1 12.8 5.6 -7.2
Processes a Effects
Monitoring Systems and 4.4 5.7
Instrumentation Development
TOTAL WORKYEARS 39.8 56.4 70.7 55.5 36.8 -18.7
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ENERGY
Gases and Particles Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,619,400 and 19.7 permanent workyears for 1983, a
decrease of $3,408,000 and 7.3 permanent workyears from 1982. Included In this
total is $2,086,700 for Salaries and Expenses and $6,532,700 for Research and
Development, with a decrease of $730,500 and $2,677,500, respectively. This
decrease in resources reflects the transfer of the LIMB/1 ow NOX process and
completion of visibility modeling efforts, and a reduction in our research on
complex terrain modelling efforts because of additional resources contributed by
industry.
The primary objective of the Gases and Particles Energy program 1s to provide
the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation (OANR) and enforcement officials with
scientifically credible data bases, methodologies, models, assessments, and con-
trol technologies for gases and particles. To achieve this objective, the program
1s designed to: (1) Identify and characterize particles in the air emitted from
energy producing sources; (2) assess the transformation and transport of the
pollutants in the atmosphere; and (3) develop and evaluate more reliable, cost-
effective technologies. To comply with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977,
this information is used to develop State Implementation Plans and New Source
Performance Standards, review environmental Impact statements, and conduct preven-
tion of significant deterioration determinations to visibility assessments.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accgmplijhnients
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,595,300 for this program, of which
$25,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,570,300 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The following studies will provide the Office of A1r, Noise, and Radiation
with the data to revise the SOX and participate criteria documents. The results
of these studies will be available in 1982.
- An ep1dem1ological study was conducted to determine the pulmonary effects
of intermittently high ambient concentrations of sulfur oxides and partic-
ulates on El Paso school children*
- The multi-year "Six-City" epidemiology study was completed. This study was
designed to provide a definitive assessment of the health effects of sulfur
dioxide and respirable particulates.
- Two human clinical studies were conducted to determine the individual
and/or combined effects of sulfate aerosols, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide
on normal, at-risk and diseased groups.
1982 ExplanationofChanges from January Budget Estimate
January (torch Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,754,100 $1,953,600
E-36
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The net decrease of -$2,754,100 results from several actions, as follows:
~ "January - March. (-5800,500) This change represented a decrease of
$800,500 from the January budget, of which $500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and £800,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the elimination of animal inhalation toxicology studies on
the effects of conventional combustion products.
" ReprMraro'nf- (-$1,953,600) This reprogramming of -$1,953,600 will
permit a more cohesive synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of
this transfer is to provide the needed assessments to be used by the Agency
in the development of standards and criteria for the emerging synthetic
fuels industry. It was decided In 1982 that all synfuel related activities
in the energy program should be redirected and reprograntmed into the energy
multi-media program so that the entire synthetic fuels would be reflected
in one area. This reprogramming will permit a more cohesive synthetic
fuels research program. (This reprogramming was Included In a letter to
Congress on December 16, 1981.)
1982Program
The resources for this program in 1982 were transferred to the Multi-media
Energy program to provide support for the integrated risk assessment program.
1983 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AMD TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accompl1shroents
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $8,020,200 for this program, of which
$1,304,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,715,500 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Inhalable participate (IP) emissions from major sources such as power
utilities, and pulp, paper and metal industries were quantified and used for
developing emission factors to support OANR in establishing guides and/or regula-
tions for IP 1n 1982.
Two promising methods for controlling fugitive partlculate emissions were
Identified. The "road carpet" technique, which entails placing a porous layer
of material underneath road surfaces, will be used to control fugitive emissions
from dirt roads. The "air curtain" technique which is simply a barrier of air
will be used to deflect wind from fine coll piles, and other waste piles at
comrnerfal industrial facilities such as Iron and steel facilities.
An initial assessment of the effectiveness of fabric-filter baghouses for
controlling partlculate emissions from utility boilers was conducted. The results
indicated that baghouses might be capable of meeting the revised New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) for parti dilates.
The reaction mechanisms between sulfur oxides and limestone were defined in
bench-scale laboratory tests of the limestone injection into the multistage
burner (LIMB) process.
A permanent elect rostra tic predpltator (ESP) precharger with a trielectrode
configuration was constructed at the Bull Run Power Station. A smaller, transpor-
table and more flexible precharger designed to address a variety of precharger/
collector combinations were also constructed. The preliminary results of tests
at the Bull Run Station indicated installation costs for facilities using low
sulfur, high resistivity coals can be reduced by as much as 50 percent.
£-37
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An electrostatic fabric filtration (ESFF) pilot plant was constructed,
The preliminary results of tests on the pulsed jet mode, which is used pri-
marily for coal-fired industrial boilers, Indicated that size of the bags can be
cut by one-half with increased collection efficiency.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$12,667,000 $8,574,500 $7,174,500
The net decrease of -$5,492,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$4,092,500) This change represented a decrease of
$4,092,500 from the January budget, of which +$803,500 was an increase
for Salaries and Expenses and -$4,896,000 was a decrease for Research and
Development. This net decrease resulted In the elimination of four pro-
posed performance evaluations of fabric filters in utility applications,
and a reduction in the following programs: control strategies for conden-
sable parti culates, long-term performance evaluation of flue gas desulfuri-
zation systems, and fine parti cul ate matter emissions factors.
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,400,000) A reduction of -$1,000,000 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction
to the Research and Development appropriation. This reduction will curtail
in-house fundamental research on fabric filtration and Electrostatic precipi-
tator (ESP) methods and several technology transfer activities.
An additional reduction of $400,000 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation to meet Congress! onally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
is made up of a decrease of -$136,000 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$136,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The Salaries and Expenses
Increase will allow lab program reviews, monitoring of extramural projects,
as well as conduct more program evaluation studies. The increase will also
accelerate activities in the fundamental ESP and ESFF projects and speed
operation of an 1n-house partlculate scrubber project. It will provide
essential support to the Q.A. program for project tracking and audit documen-
tation, and permit the purchase of Instrumentation equipment Important to
several in-house experiments.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,174,500 and 25.7 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,074,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,100,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research 'and
Development appropriation.
The cost-effectiveness of combined SOX and partlculate control technologies
using dry-scrubbing methods is being explored. Research thus far has indicated
that SOX removal is increased from 70% to 90% with the addition of adipic add;
therefore this method is being assessed to evaluate the ability of this technology
to comply with the S02 emission regulations for utility boilers.
Symposia and periodic reviews of the state-of-the-art on flue gas desulfuri-
zation are being conducted to transfer information to the program offices, Regions
and States.
Testing at the Bull Run Station is being completed. Testing of the trans-
portable ESP precharger facility is being initiated at the pilot scale.
E-38
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Tests of the ESFF reverse air mode, which is used primarily for power plants,
are being initiated to assess the efficiency of this concept in controlling par-
ticulate emissions when the size and number of the bags is reduced.
A pilot evaluation of a one million BTU per hour tangentially-fired furnace
with simulated boiler conditions is being conducted to test SOX removal by the
LIMB process. The test will verify the projected performances indicated by
prior year bench-scale research.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,085,900 and 18.7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,803,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $3,282,200
is for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $270,400 and a
decrease of $1,818,200, respectively. This decrease results from the completion
of research on fugitive dust control systems. Data on hand will be transferred
to the Regions and States for their use. The decrease also results from the
transfer of research on the LIMB control technology to the Multi-media Energy
program.
In 1983, the Energy Gases and Particles Research program will continue to
emphasize activities which directly support Agency regulatory development and
implementation efforts.
Fabric filters are an important control option for utility and industrial
boilers. Problems with temperature sensitive fabrics, partial blockage of fabrics
with certain types of particles, and other operational problems need to be resolved
before the proper design and material specifications can be written. Therefore
the field evaluation of conventional fabric filter baghouse technologies will be
completed. This research will support the 1963 NSPS review for utility and indus-
trial boilers.
Testing of the smaller, transportable ESP precharger will be completed at
the pilot scale for different types of coal.
Tests of the ESFF pulsed jet and reverse air modes will be completed at
the pilot scale.
The Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) information exchange program will be
continued, as will research to develop the data base to prepare a comprehensive
FGD technology assessment. The assessment will address wet lime/limestone, adipic
acid, modified limestone wet scrubbing, the aqueous carbonate process, etc. The
assessment will be used by OANR to review the Utility Boiler NSPS.
Operating and maintenance procedure guidelines for major gaseous and partic-
ipate control devices will be developed. These guidelines are needed by State
and local governments to enforce air emission standards, since many complying
sources have been drifting out of compliance as a result of the aging of critical
components, poor maintenance and improper operation.
The utility Industry has made a major commitment to install the spray dryer
S02 control technology as a means of complying with the SOX NSPS. As compared
to wet scrubbers, the initial capital investment 1s much cheaper, and the annual-
tzed costs can be lowered by as much as 30 percent. Before this technology is
cannier lei a 11 zed, duration of the testing-time needs to be extended, and the opera-
tional reliability and time in compliance need to be documented. Therefore, an
engineering assessment of the high sulfur coal spray dryer will be conducted.
E-39
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $5,693,500 for this program, of which
$620,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,072,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Sections 160-169 of the Clean A1r Act (CAA) establish national requirements
for prevention of significant deterioration of air quality. The Act provides for
classification of various lands into three categories, each of which receive
different protection from new source impacts. Class I (pristine areas such as
national parks) establish maximum allowable Increments of SOg and TSP for baseline
as well as visibility protection. The Impacts of proposed new sources, relative to
these increments, must be evaluated before a permit for construction can be issued.
Section 169{a) of the Clean Air Act requires preserving visibility in pristine
areas. Phase I regulations were promulgated in 1980, and Phase II regulations
are now underway to provide for protection from visibility degradation arising
from multiple sources scattered over reglonal-wide areas.
The following research will supply the needed information necessary to
evaluate pollutant effects on visibility in Class I areas.
- A draft user's guide to the Los Alamos Visibility Model was prepared.
The model simulates the results of field studies.
- A final report on model simulations of insolation reductions resulting
from atmospheric haze was prepared. This study was conducted to evaluate
the potential effects of solar energy loss on crop productivity.
- The Western Visibility Network and fine particle monitoring stations
completed two years of data collection during 1981. This effort provides
baseline data for Federal Class I area visibility protection, and identi-
fies sources of visibility Impairing aerosols.
- A baseline study to monitor temporal and spatial variability of visibi-
lity In an Eastern Class I Area completed one year of data collection.
This study, which was conducted in the Great Smoky Mountains National
Park, is designed to determine the relative importance of energy-related
pollutants, particularly from nearby TVA power plants, on visibility
impairment.
- Field experiments were conducted in plumes embedded in a hazy air mass
to complete a data base for the development of a plume visibility impair-
ment model.
- The regional haze in the Southwestern United States was characterized
with respect to its aerosol chemical composition, source contributions
and the effects of coal-fired power plants on visibility.
Present dispersion models used for the permitting and siting of power plants,
smelters and synthetic fuel facilities in complex terrain are deemed unsatisfac-
tory by both industry and EPA. Since complex terrain greatly affects the manner
in which plumes are transported and dispersed, there 1s a need for reliable,
field validated complex terrain models, 'especially for areas of the western
United States where energy utilization and development are rapidly expanding.
Therefore, the development of atmospheric dispersion models for Targe sources
in complex terrain was continued. A major field experiment to examine plume
impaction on a single hill was completed. The results of this experiment, along
with data collected from the ESRL physical modeling facility, were used to evalu-
ate several existing models (Valley, Complex I, Complex II) as well as some newly
created ones.
E-40
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The formulation and movement of large-scale polluted air masses over conti-
nental distances are difficult to study and evaluate by traditional methods.
Changing energy patterns, such as fuels switching, and new energy development may
influence the formation, size and movement of such air masses. Data from the
1980 field study of large-scale, persistent elevated pollution episodes (PEPEs)
were analyzed to develop a scientific undertanding pf the impact of SOX and NOX
emissions on fine particle concentrations, clouds, climate and radiation balance.
Diagnostic models to study large-scale polluted air masses were also developed
from these data. This information is needed to support the States in the
development of emission limitations and SIP's.
A replicated field test was conducted with soybeans to determine if
S02-induced plant changes affect the development of insect pests under field
conditions. Results suggest that beetle populations are higher, plant damage
more severe, and yields lower in soybean plots exposed to SO? than in non-exposed
plots. The interactive effects of 502 and other gaseous pollutants were evalu-
ated to understand more fully the Impacts of ambient atmospheres on crop yield
responses in the midwest and northeast. The results of field experiments have
shown that the exposure of soybeans to SOg and NOg separately had no effect
on the yield of this crop, but when plants were exposed to both pollutants, a
greater than additive reduction in yield occurred. In other studies, the expo-
sure of field tomatoes to SOg and 03 cause a greater reduction in yield than
the exposure of plants to either of the pollutants alone. These results indicate
that the interactive effects of multiple pollutants need to be assessed with
regard to the establishment of standards for criteria air pollutants.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$7,220,500 $6,321,800 $4,852,900
The net decrease of -$2,367,600 results from several actions, as follows:
January - March. (-$898,700) This change represented a decrease of
$898,700 from the January budget, of which +$201,300 was an increase for
Salaries and Expenses and -$1,100,000 was a decrease for Research and
Development. This net decrease resulted in a reduction in efforts for
visibility modeling and field studies.
~ ggprogramninp. (-$316,900) A reprogramming of -$300,000 functionally
transfers ttie resources supporting air and hazardous waste monitoring in
the energy research and development program to the air gases and particles
program. This will provide better management of these programs in conjunc-
tion with similar efforts.
A second Agency-wide reprogramming provided resources for transfer of the
accountability function to the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation
and, in addition, provided additional resources for the Immediate Office of
the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response. There is
no significant impact on the losing program activities since their remaining
resources are sufficient to support personnel and planned program activities.
(-$16,900) (These two reprogrammlngs, totaling -$316,900, were included in
a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981.)
- Congressional Actions. (-$1,021,200) A reduction of -$818,100 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. A portion of this reduction
reflects the House and Senate Conference action on our 1982 Appropriation
Bill (-$522,400) The additional reduction will reduce efforts in long-range
E-41
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transport research, as well as cutback the long-term exploratory research
program (-$295,700).
An additional reduction of (-$203,100) was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet the Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
- Transfer Authority. (-$130,800) The net change applied to this activity
1s madeup ofa decrease of -5339,800 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$209,000 to Salaries and Expenses. The increase will pay for
the laboratory's gas cylinder demurrage in 1981.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,852,900 and 1.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $743,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,109,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1932, research on visibility impairment fs being completed. The data
will be used by OANR to develop Phase II regulations which are scheduled for
completion in 1984. The following activities are being conducted:
- A final user's guide for the Los Alamos visibility model is being completed.
The report will provide estimates of the photographic sensitivity of
visibility measurements or visibility model outputs.
- Visibility and fine particle sampling data from the Western Visibility
Network are being subjected to Intense statistical and case-study inter-
pretive analysis.
- A final report describing and Interpreting the two-year baseline of
visibility data for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1s being com-
pleted. The relative importance of bio- and anthropogenic contributions
are being addressed.
- A report on visibility impairment/plume optics model intercomparison
is being completed with recommendations for acceptable models.
- A report on television techniques for pictoral output from plume optics
models will be available for user application by Federal Land managers.
- Development of a simple analysis procedure for regional visibility effects
1s being completed.
A second field experiment of stable plume impaction is being conducted to
provide additional data to develop and evaluate dispersion models for sources in
complex terrain. Updated modeling conclusions based on field and fluid modeling
experiments will be made available. In support of the complex terrain modeling
program, sensors to track plumes and obtain data on plume geometries will continue
to be developed and evaluated.
The development of techniques for studying the formation and movement of
Prolonged Elevated Pollution Episodes (PEPEs) will be completed. Field tests of
the Improved tetroon tracking system will be conducted. The tests will analyze
the effectiveness of these systems when utilized for distances of 1000 km over
several days. The analysis will Include comparisons with other ground, air, and
satellite tracking systems. The results of these studies wil be used to better
understand regional transport of air pollutants.
Special atmospheric tracers have been developed that can be released in
relatively small amounts at selected sites and. measured accurately as far as
1000 km from the release points. These tracers, which are used to validate
E-42
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long-range transport models, need to be standardized. Therefore, a second
long-range tracer experiment Is being conducted 1n the northeastern United
States. In this experiment, tracers are being released In the Ohio River Valley
and are being monitored over distances of up to 1500 tan in New York and the New
England States.
Research to assess the Impacts of SOX and 03 mixtures on agronomic crops
is being continued 1n an effort to develop dose/response data for ambient and
controlled levels of air pollution. This Information is a critical component of
the cost/benefit data base needed to support the development of cost effective
air pollution control strategies. Economic assessment models are being modified
to provide an Initial estimate of the cost of air pollutant Impacts on the
productivity of such multi-billion dollar crops as soybeans, corn, peanuts, and
cotton. Crop growth and yield models are being developed for various crops to
provide predictive techniques for relating crop production to various air quality
strategies. In addition, research which addresses the interactive effects of
air pollutants and plant disease 1s being completed. A final report which discus-
ses the potential Interactive impacts of plant disease, insect feeding, and air
pollutants on crop loss will be prepared.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3.533,500 and 1.0 permanent workyear for
this program, of which $283,000 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $3,250,500
Is for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $460,100 and
$859,300, respectively. This decrease results from the completion of research
on visibility and residential heating. The decrease also results from the
completion of research on the effects of SO? and S02/ozone combinations on
crop growth.
The primary focus of the 1983 program will be to continue the development
of transport and fate models which support regulatory Implementation efforts
in a cost-effective manner at the Federal, State and local levels.
Preliminary results of the full-scale plume 1mpact1on study 1n complex ter-
rain will be available for use in model development and evaluation. Applicable
field and fluid modeling results will be used to present updated modeling conclu-
sions. Techniques for the measurement of plumes In complex terrain will be
summarized, and data collected during the full-scale plume impaction study will
be evaluated. The data obtained from these studies will be used for siting and
permitting sources In complex terrain, or for setting emission standards under
SIP's for these sources.
The results of the second long-range tracer experiment. Cross Appalachian
Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX), will be evaluated for use in a second multi-state
field study of the formation and movement of large-scale polluted air masses.
This field study is scheduled for 1984.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AMD INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,195,200 for this program, of
which $150,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,044,900
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The UV-DIAL (Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lldar), which was original-
ly developed by NASA, was adopted for airborne ozone and sulfur dioxide measure-
ments. This remote sensing system has been used 1h various field experiments to
improve the understanding of atmospheric chemical processes and the transport
and dispersion of criteria pollutants.
E-43
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
$1,735,500
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
The net decrease of -$1,735,500 results from the following action:
" January - March. (-$1,735,500) This change represented a decrease of
$1 ,/Jb.bUU from the January budget, of which $215,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,520,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted In the elimination of efforts to develop Improved methods to
monitor visibility.
1982 Program
The Agency is not allocating resources for this program in 1982. Any
additional requirements will be conducted in the Gases and Particles Non-
Energy program.
1983 Program^ Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program 1n 1983.
E-44
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ENERGY
Hazardous A1r Pollutants Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE
1983
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research ft Development
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
Environmental
Processes 4 Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research S Development
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation
Development
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research S> Development
$13.5 $13.2 $13.1
$762.4 $1»504.5 $1,504.5
$369.2
$2,219.4
$10.2
$379.8
$79.2
$339.5
$577.3
$2,817.7
$16.6
$483.9
$72. B
$428.1
$89,4
$483.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
Hazardous Pollutants TOTAL
Energy
$472.1
$3,701.1
$679.9
$5r234.2
$102.5
$1.968.4
$4,173.2 $5,914.1 $2,090.9
-------
ENERGY
Hazardous Air Pollutants Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
o>
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
* Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation
Development
TOTAL PEIWANENT HORKYEARS
.1
5.1
,2
1.0
.2
3.9
.2
1.0
.2
1.2
6.4
5.3
1.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
S Technology
.5 .8
7.9 8.4
.8
-------
ENERGY
Hazardous Air Pollutants Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental .2 1.4 2.4
Processes 4 Effects
Monitoring Systems 1.7 1.0
Instrumentation and
Development
TOTAL HORKYEARS 10.3 11.5 3.2
-------
ENERGY
Hazardous A1r Pollutants Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
Prog ram
The major objectives of the Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Energy program
were to develop the Information necessary to evaluate the effects of potentially
hazardous air pollutant emission problems associated with conventional coal com-
bustion and advanced (synfuel) energy systems, and to evaluate alternative control
technologies to mitigate any significant problems which were Identified. The
research program consisted of four major components: (1) the characterization
of discharges and the evaluation of cost-effective pollution control options;
(2) the development and testing of bioassay techniques; (3) the development of
near-field air dispersion models for determining general population exposures to
hazardous air pollutants; and (4) the development of hand-held monitoring systems
and other instrumentation for measuring HAPs and assessing human exposure to
them in both indoor and outdoor environments.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $775,900 for this program, of which
$13,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $762,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A lung epithelial cell system, which 1$ capable of directly metabolizing
pro-mutagens to mutagens, was developed and is being used as a feeder substrate
to assess the mutagenlcity of low concentrations of toxicants in other cell
types. This testing methodology will be utilized to provide mutagenic informa-
tion on those compounds being considered for listing under Sections 111 or 112
of the Clean Air Act.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,517,700 $1,517,600
The net decrease of -$1,517,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$100) This change represented a decrease of $100
from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses. This decrease resulted
In no significant programmatic impact.
- Reprogramrolng. (-$1,517,600) This reprogramming of -$1,517,600 will
peril t a inore cohes 1 ve synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of
this transfer Is to provide the needed, assessments to be used by the Agency
in the development of standards and criteria for the emerging synthetic
fuels industry. It was decided In 1982 that all synfuel related activities
in the energy program should be redirected and reprogrammed into the energy
multi-media program so that the entire synthetic fuels would be reflected
in one area. This reprogramming will permit a more cohesive synthetic fuels
research program. (This reprogramming was Included in a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981}.
E-48
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1982 Program
The resources for this program 1n 1982 were transferred to the Multi-media
Energy program to conduct research 1n support of the Integrated risk assessment
program.
1983 Program Request
' The Agency requests no resources 1n this program in 1983.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMGINEERIH6 ANDJICHMOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,588,600 to this program, of which
$369,200 Is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,219,400 1s for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (HIOSH) study to
determine total daily exposure to Indoor and outdoor contaminants by selected
worker groups and their families was completed and remedial measures for reducing
Indoor radon concentrations 1n new and existing buildings were evaluated.
Preliminary site visits to evaluate worker 1n-plant pollutant exposures and
control technology performance were completed as part of the joint MIOSH/EPA
assessment of 24-hour exposures by workers and their families to environmental
contaminants. In addition, support for the activities of the Interagency Research
Group on Indoor Air Quality was provided.
A conference on residential wood combustion was conducted and proceedings
of the conference were prepared. The conference was co-sponsored by EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory and the Wood Heating Alliance.
Sessions at the conference dealt with: wood combustion environmental assessments;
the efficiency and emissions of residential wood heating units; emission control
techniques for wood burning appliances; and issues related to the residential
combustion of wood and how they may be resolved.
The Combustion Modification Environmental Assessment (CMEA) provided an
evaluation of organic and trace specie emissions on equipment modified for low
NOX operation. Data were collected under baseline and low NOX operating
conditions where possible. This type of comprehensive assessment allows, an
evaluation of the potential for Increased emissions of hazardous air pollutants
under modified combustion conditions.
A nine-volume report on emissions from conventional combustion systems was
completed. Source categories included gas-and oil-fired residential heating
sources, Internal combustion sources, external combustion sources for electricity
generation, commercial/Institutional combustion sources and Industrial combustion
sources. A chemical characterization of all air, water and solid waste emissions
from each of the 162 sites examined was Included.
1982 Explanatlon of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,395,000
The net decrease of -$3,395,000 results from the following action:
E-49
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~ January - March. (-$3,395,000) This change represented a decrease of
$3,395,OutJ from the January budget, of which $577,300 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $2,817,700 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted 1n no change to methods for examining various air clean up devices
and removal of asbestos from building materials.
1982 Program
The Agency Is not allocating resources for this program In 1982. The
research was completed In 1981. Any additional requirements Mill be con-
ducted In the base research program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program 1n 1983.
INVIROMMEMTAL PROCESSES AMP EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $390,000 for this program, of which
$10,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $379,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The mobile aerosol reaction chamber was successfully tested using surrogate
mixtures and effluents from an on -fired boiler. The results Indicate that the
reactivity of the chamber Is comparable to other chambers; thus, 1t can be used
to assess the risk of hazardous compounds as either primary or secondary
pollutants. This Information Is needed to decide whether a specific pollutant
should be listed under Section 111 or 112 of the Clean A1r Act.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$500,500 $573,300
The net decrease of -$500,500 results from several actions, as follows:
-Jterch. (+$72,800) This change represented an Increase of
$72,flt)0 from the January budget for Salaries and Expenses. This resulted
in accelerated research on the transport and transformation of polar
pollutants and organic participates.
" Reprogrammjng. (-$573,300) This reprogramrning of -$573,300 will permit
a more cohesive synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of this
transfer is to provide the needed assessments to be used by the Agency in
the development of standards and criteria for the emerging synthetic fuels
Industry. It was decided in 1982 that all synfuel related activities in
the energy program should be redirected and reprogrammed Into the energy
multi-media program so that the entire synthetic fuels would be reflected
in one area. This reprogrammi ng will permit a more cohesive synthetic fuels
research program. (This reprogramnrtng was included in a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981). '
1982 Program
The resources for the program in 1982 were transferred to the Multi-media
Energy program to conduct research in support of the Integrated risk assessment
program.
E-SO
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program fn 1983.
HONITORIjjG SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $418,700 for this program, of which
$79,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $339,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A new passive personal monitoring device was developed to sample vapor-phase
chlorinated hydrocarbons at the parts per billion level. This device can be
used to obtain data on actual human exposure to various hazardous air pollutants
such as benzene. Also, a portable mass spectrometer, weighing less than 35
pounds, and capable of detecting minute molecules and molecular fragments (masses
of 12 to 300 atomic mass units) was proven effective in two separate field studies.
Such lightweight devices can be used in the field to measure concentrations of
toxic air pollutants at waste sites.
1982 Explanatiori of Changes fj^_JanujryJj.u_([getEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$500,900
The net decrease of -$500,900 results from the following action:
~ January - March. (-$500,900) This change represented a decrease of
$500,900 from the January budget, of which $72,800 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $428,100 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the elimination of the Research and Development of exposure
monitoring hardware.
1982 Program
The Agency did not request any resources for this program in 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
E-51
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EHERGY
Mater Quality Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research * Development
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research S Development
$397.5 $913.3 $905.1 $669.9
$8,650.0 $8,990.2 $4,590.2 $2,589.2
$125.8
$746.1
$146.0
$985.4
$145.0
$85.4
-$669.9
-$2,589.2
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
Water Quality Energy TOTAL
$523.3 $1,059.3 $1.050.1 $669.9
$9,396.1 $9,975.6 $4,675.6 $2,589.2
$9,919.4 $11,034.9 $5,725.7 $3,259.1
-$669.9
-$2,589.2
-$3,259.1
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Environmental
Processes S Effects
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation Development
1.7
2.0
5.0
1.7
5.0
1.7
2.9
-2.9
-------
ENERGY
Mater Quality Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.7
6.7
6.7
2.9
-2.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Processes * Effects
Monitoring Systems and
Instrumentation
Development
7.5 15.6 15.6 11.5
3.1
1.7
1.7
-11.5
TOTAL HORKYEARS
10.6 17.3 17.3 11.5
-11.5
-------
ENERGY
Water Quality Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program 1n 1983.
Program Description
The primary objective of the Water Quality Energy program was to assess
the environmental transport, fate and effects of energy-related pollutants on
the aquatic environment. The program MBS designed to: (1J determine the
qualitative and quantitative effects of energy-related pollutants on freshwater
and estuarlne environments; (2) assess the ecosystem risks associated with the
extraction, processing, transportation and use of fuels; and (3) develop measure-
ment techniques to evaluate the presence of pollutants In aquatic ecosystems.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accpinpl Ishmentg
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $9,047,500 for this program, of which
$397,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,650,000 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
An assessment to Identify the trace elements found 1n sediments and
Indicator organisms exposed to power plant wastewater effluents was completed.
Trace elements such as cadmium, lead and arsenic were found. This Information
will be used by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances to assess the
toxicologic impact of these elements.
The collection of data on the fate, effects and distribution of cadmium 1n
flowing water systems was completed. These data will be utilized to develop
models to predict the transport, fate and effects of cadmium 1n surface water
systems such as lakes or streams.
A report on the fate, sources and cycling of mercury; the concentration of
selenium 1n bottom sediments and fish tissue; and the extent of groundwater
contamination by mercury in the Fort Union coal formation in the Northern Great
Plains was completed. The results indicated that the mercury and selenium
problem 1n Northern Great Plains reservoirs 1s naturally occurring, and that
coal mining activities which are scheduled to Increase, could aggravate the
problem. This Information will be used by Region VIII for National Pollution
Discharge Elimination permitting activities.
A study on the geochemistry of the Upper Fort Union Lignite Strip Mining
area was completed. Studies Indicate that coal mining In this area should pose
no real environmental problems.
Studies also indicate that more than 50% of the cadmium and zinc in Southern
Lake Michigan comes from the atmosphere. This indicates that more stringent
effluent control methods need not be employed for these two heavy metals since
their primary source is the atmosphere. The concentrations of trace metals from
atmospheric loading 1n Lake Michigan have not changed significantly between 1973
and 1979 with the exception of lead and sulfate, which have decreased slightly.
This indicates that air pollutant control measures have been successful 1n main-
taining the current air quality.
Detailed studies on the chemical characterization of drilling fluids used
1n the Texas Flower Gardens Coral Reef Banks were completed. This information
will be used to assess and mitigate any adverse environmental effects that could
result from offshore drilling.
E-54
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,903,500 $5,495,300 $3,259,100
The net decrease of -$6,644,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$4,408,200) This change represented a decrease of
$4,408,200 from the January budget, of which $8,200 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $4,400,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted 1n the elimination of the Great Lakes research and the offshore
oil and gas program.
- Reprogramming. (-$1,716,000) This reprogrammlng of -$1,716,000 will
permit a morecohesive synthetic fuels research program. The purpose of
this transfer Is to provide the needed assessments to be used by the Agency
1n the development of standards and criteria for the emerging synthetic
fuels Industry. It was decided 1n 1982 that all synfuel related activities
1n the energy program should be redirected and reprogrammed Into the energy
multi-media program so that the entire snythefic fuels would be reflected
1n one area. This reprdgramming will permit a more cohesive synthetic fuels
research program. (This reprogrammlng was Included in a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
- Congressiona1 Actipns. (-$520,200) A reduction of -$426,500 was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to the
Research and Development appropriation. This reduction will result 1n a
reduced effort on the Impacts of mining, energy development In coastal
ecosystems, and energy development in the West.
An additional reduction of -$93,700 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated appropriation
levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,259,100 and 2.9 permanent
work/ears to this program, of which $669,900 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,589,200 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
An automated Information management system and a handbook for applying
ecological Information data bases to coastal energy development activities were
developed. This system and handbook will be provided to State, Regional, and
local response personnel to facilitate their ability to take remedial actions at
the site of a spill.
Research is being conducted to obtain acoustical particulate and physical
oceanographic measurements of shunted drilling fluids. This information will
provide a basis for the development of a predictive model which will attempt
to duplicate drilling mud dispersion patterns. The information will aid Federal,
State and local officials and Industrial representatives In predicting the
movement and potential Impact of these materials on sensitive ecosystems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983. Research in this
program will be completed in 1982. Any further requirements will be conducted
In the base research program.
E-5.5
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $871,900 for this program, of which
£125,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $746,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Neutron activation was determined to be a viable means of measuring barium
at extremely low concentrations In marine waters. Barium Is the major component
of drilling fluids. No excessive concentrations of barium were found when marine
water samples were taken during a six-week scientific expedition to the Texas
Flower Gardens Coral Reef Banks. The levels of barium found are typical of other
Gulf of Mexico areas. Therefore, preliminary results Indicate that drilling
muds can be discharged offshore if preventive measures, such as shunting, are
followed.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$1,131,400 $230,400
The net decrease of -$1,131.400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$901,000) This change represented a decrease of
$901,000 from tne January budget, of which $1,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $900,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted In the elimination of the exposure monitoring research program
which was in support of the offshore oil and gas program.
" ^Programming. (-$230,400) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net decrease of
-$230,400.
1982 Program
Resources for this program were transferred to the Multi-media Energy
program to conduct research in support of the integrated risk assessment
program in 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983 as a result
of transfer of resources in 1982.
E-56
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ENERGY
Drinking Water Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research S Development
$16.7
$1,937.5
m
tn
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses 16.7
Research 8 Development $1,937.5
Drinking Mater Energy TOTAL $1,954.2
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
Health Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
.2
.2
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Health Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.2
.2
-------
ENERGY
Drinking Water Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
Prggrain Description
The primary objective of the Drinking Water Energy program was to provide
EPA's decision-makers with data on the qualitative and quantitative health
effects of exposure to drinking water contaminated with pollutants associated
with energy-related processes. The research results of this program have been
used by the Office of Drinking Water to enforce the Safe Drinking Water Act and
to establish Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) for organic and Inorganic con-
taminants of drinking water. Research focused on those pollutants that may
remain in the water subsequent to customary water treatment and on those
pollutants that may enter groundwater via seepage from mines, fly ash ponds or
synthetic fuel operations.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $1,954,200 for this program, of which
$16,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,937,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Analytical procedures were developed to evaluate extraction systems for
concentrating organic pollutants In drinking water. These procedures will be
utilized by the Office of Drinking Water as a quick means of evaluating the
presence of harmful organic pollutants in human drinking water sources.
The technology for detecting the presence and quantity of toxic substances
that have been Incorporated into hemopoietlc stem cells was developed. The
presence of a toxic substance in this target cell provides putative evidence of
Its harmful effect relative to blood disease and leukemia.
A preliminary study Indicated that a photographic analysis of sperm head
dimensions as compared to an analysis of semen volume, sperm count, sperm
mobility and sperm morphology is a highly sensitive indicator of exposure to a
chemical pollutant. The results of this research will be utilized primarily by
the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substance as a screening method for detecting
the presence of chemical pollutants.
1982Program
The Agency 1s not allocating resources for this program In 1982. The
research was completed in 1981. Any additional requirements will be conducted
In the base research program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program In 1983.
E-58
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ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Engineering
S Technology
Salaries I Expenses
Research 4 Development
$1,007,3 $1,120.5 $1,113.0 $896.8
$1,427.0 $2,324.0 $1,924.0
-$896.8
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Industrial Hastewater TOTAL
Energy
$1,007.3 $1,120.5 $1,113.0 $896.8
$1,427.0 $2,324.0 $1,924.0
$2,434.3 $3,444.5 $3,037.0 $896.8
-$896.8
-$896.8
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WQRKYEARS
Environmental Engineering 15.5 14.4 14.4 14.4
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 15.5 14.4 14.4 14.4
-14.4
-14.4
-------
ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
J Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS
i
at
25.8
25.8
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
26.0
26.0
-26.0
-26.0
-------
ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program In 1983.
Program Description
The primary objectives of this program were to assure that comprehensive
wastewater characterizations were performed and adequate pollution control tech-
nologies were developed and evaluated so as to provide the data base needed for
the establishment of discharge standards for liquid effluents from conventional
power plants, coal mining and coal preparation facilities.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AMD TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $2,434,300 for this program, of which
$1,007,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,427,000
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishment of this program was the completion of a study on
the relationship between emission regulations, 502 emission control technologies
and the availability of compliance coals. This Information will be used by the
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation to evaluate New Source Performance Standards
for Industrial boilers.
Laboratory testing of an Improved fly ash sluicing system was also completed
to help reduce the cost of complying with steam-electric effluent guidelines.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,444,500 $3,037,000 $896,800
The net decrease of -$2,547,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$407,500) This change represented a decrease of
$407,500 from the January budget, of which $7,500 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $400,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in a reduction of research on wastewater from coal and oil shale
mining.
- Congressional ActJons. (-$2,140,200) A reduction of -$1,924,000 was
taken against the March estimate reflecting the September 12% reduction to
the Research and Development appropriation. The reduction will affect the
incompletion of a surface and ground water coal mining project. Two new
projects of this nature will not be Initiated.
An additional reduction of -$216,200 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $896,800 and 14.4 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Research in support of the Effluent Guidelines Division 1s
being conducted to determine the presence of priority pollutants in discharges
E-61
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from offshore oil and gas drilling operations and to provide a preliminary
characterization of wastewater discharges from uranuim extraction. Research to
assess the surface and groundwater pollution Impacts of various mining operations
is also being completed. This Includes both source characterization work and
studies of the cost-effectiveness of control alternatives. In addition, research
to characterize coal slurry pipeline discharge waters to answer questions con-
cerning potenlal toxic compounds and their treatabillty is being completed.
Research to characterize leachates from tar sands mining operations is also
being completed.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983. The research
will be completed In 1982. Any additional requirements will be conducted in
the base research program.
E-62
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ENERGY
Solid Waste Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
sf>
bl
Environmental Engineering
8 Technology
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
Solid Haste
Energy
TOTAL
$260.3 $242.2
$583.9 $1,138.0
$260.3 $242.2
$583.9 $1.138.0
$844.2 $1,380.2
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
A Technology
4.5
2.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.5
2.0
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ENERGY
Solid Waste Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE t
ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
TOTAL HORKYEARS
6.4
6.4
5.9
5.9
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ENERGY
Solid Waste Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program 1n 1983.
Program Description
The primary objectives of this program were to provide continuous monitoring
of leachates leaving energy facility disposal sites and to develop methods to
control pollutant releases from these sites. These data are needed to determine
the effectiveness of solid waste disposal regulations that have been promulgated
for utility and Industrial boiler facilities under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
ENVIRONMENTAL.ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $844,200 for this program, of which
$260,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $583,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishment of this program was the collection of field data
at utility boiler sites. These data are needed by the Office of Solid Waste to
define best management practices for the disposal of fly ash and flue gas
desulfurization sludge.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,380,200
The net decrease of -$1,380,200 results from several actions, as follows:
~ japgry - March. (-$1,380,200) This change represented a decrease of
$1,380,200 from the January budget, of which $242,200 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $1,138,000 was for Research and Development. This decrease
resulted in the elimination of studies to develop techniques for economic
disposal of wastes from industrial boilers.
1982 Program
The Agency is not allocating resources for this program in 1982. The
research was completed In 1981. Any additional requirements will be conducted
in the base research program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
E-65
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ENERGY
Chemical Testing 4 Assessment Energy
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research * Development
Environmental
Processes * Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research S Development
$10.0
$4,078.4
$53.2
$651.0
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses $63.2
Research 4 Development $4,729.4
Chemical Testing TOTAL $4,792.6
S Assessment Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Health Effects
Environmental
Processes ft Effects
.4
.2
-------
ENERGY
Chemical Testing 8 Assessment Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS .6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Health Effects .4
Environmental 1.0
Processes I Effects
TOTAL HORKYEARS 1.4
-------
ENERGY
Chemical Testing and Assessment Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program In 1983.
Program Description
The objective of this program VMS to provide EPA's regulatory decision-
makers with scientific Information on the health and environmental effects of
toxic pollutants derived from energy producing sources. The research data
obtained from this program are used by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances 1n Its efforts to Implement and enforce the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).
HEALTH EFFECTS
1981
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $4,088,400 for this program, of which
$10,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,078,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The adverse effects of cadmium, lead, and zinc were determined to be
manifested at lower concentrations in nutritionally deficient young and pregnant
animals. The heavy metals were found to Influence the placental transport of
essential nutrients.
Prenatal exposure of mice to Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) was
found to Induce temporary postnatal suppression of the Immune system, while
postnatal PAH administration predominantly produced liver tumors 1n males and
reproductive system tumors 1n females. It was also determined that prenatal
exposure to PAH produced sterility or a severe depletion of the germ cells 1n
the offspring of several animal species. Chronic Ingestlon of PAH was found to
produce cytogenic effects 1n the lymphocytes of pigs- Determinations of tissue
residues of PAH after Ingestlon of single doses by food animals Indicated that
there might be a significant risk to man if these animals are exposed to
sufficient quantities of PAH. Albumin was found to play a major role in the
transport of PAH metabolites in human blood plasma. This information will be
used by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances in their Premanufacture
Notification Review Process to determine the hazardous potential of Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
1982 Program
The Agency is not allocating resources for this program in 1982. The
research was completed in 1981. Any additional requirements will be conducted
in the base research program.
1983 ^^ Program Request
The Agency requests no resources in this program 1n 1983.
EH V I RONHEtlTAl PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $704,200 for this program, of which
$53,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $651,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
E-68
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Research indicated that the effect on a blotlc community when exposed to
P-cresol in combination with low dissolved oxygen was more severe than when the
community was exposed to the toxicant alone. P-cresol is a representative
compound used to assess the utility of closed-system microcosms in predicting
the transport, fate and effects of pollutants in water.
1982Program
The Agency is not allocating resources for this program in 1982, The
research was completed in 1981. Any additional requirements will be conducted
in the base research program.
1983 Plan
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1983.
E-69
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I
-J
o
ENERGY
Municipal Spills Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Energy
Technol ogy
Salaries & Expenses $211.8
Research 1 Development $361.7
TOTAL:
Salaries 5 Expenses $211.8
Research 8 Development $361.7
Municipal Spills TOTAL $573.5
Energy
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
Environmental Energy 4.4
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 4.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Environmental Energy 6.1
Technol ogy
TOTAL HORKYEARS 6.1
$120.0
$480.0
$120.0
$480.0
$600.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
$180.1
$406.1
$180,1
$406.1
$586.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
-$180.1
-$406.1
-$180.1
-$406.1
-$586.2
4.0
-4.0
-4.0
-4.0
-------
ENERGY
Municipal Spills Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program In 1983.
Program Desertpt1 on
The primary objective of this program was to develop, evaluate and demon-
strate equipment designed to prevent, detect, Identify, contain or remove oil
released Into the environment.
ENVIROHHENTAI ENGINEERINGAMD TECHNQlpSY
1981 Accoinpl ishmen ts
In 1981, the Agency used a total of $573,500 for this program, of which
$211,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $361,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
The effectiveness of the present oil spill prevention regulations 1n reducing
spills was assessed. This Information 1s required by the Office of Water Programs
as part of their mandate under Section 311 of the Clean Water Act to provide
guidance for Improved spill prevention systems and practices.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$600,000 $586,200
The net Increase of +$586,200 results from several actions, as follows:
i- January - March. (+$600,000) This change represented a Increase of
S60u,uuu from the January budget, of which $120,000 was for Salaries and
Expenses and $430,000 was for Research and Development. This Increase
resulted In the continuation of priority efforts to develop techniques
and technologies for field use in cleaning up oil spills.
- Congressional Actions. (-$13,800) A reduction of -$13,300 was applied
to the and Research and Development appropriation to meet the Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (No Change) The net change applied to this activity
1s made up of a decrease of -$60,100 from Research and Development and an
Increase of +$60.100 to Salaries and Expenses for essential operating costs.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $586,200 and 4.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $180,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $406,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
E-71
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An assessment of oil spill clean-up equipment that 1s currently under develop-
ment or commercially available 1s being conducted. This research Includes an
evaluation of a high-speed inland water skimming device, a cold weather spill
clean-up system suitable for use In the Arctic, and a low-cost method for cleaning
beaches covered with oil. In addition, user manuals on chemical spill control
agents and oh rapid analysis procedures, which can be used in the field, are
being prepared.
1983 Program Request
This program was transferred to the Hazardous Waste Non-Energy program
in 1983.
E-72
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries i Expenses
TOTAL, Management & Support
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Program Management
Salaries I Expenses
Agency Management
Salaries S Expenses
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
Support Services
Salaries « Expenses
$211,978.1 $256,921.7 $232,538.0 $221,057.8 $230,273.8 -$9,216.0
$211,978.1 $256,921.7 $232,538.0 $221,057.8 $230,273.8 -$9,216.0
2,435.2 2,676.0 2,436.6 2,328.1 2,098.8 -229.3
3,130.1 3,421.1 3,178.7 3,036.6 2,632.8 -403.8
$209,756.4 $224,931.0 $208,801.0 $237,468.5 $234,938.0 -$2,530.5
$4,666.0
$10,858.5 $13,630.0 $13,580.5 $12,182.4 $11,886.2 -$296.2
$80,395.7 $97,792.0 $90,548.8 $85,401.7 $82,372.6 -$2,953.1
$23,855.8 $28,013.9 $24,764.0 $24,028.7 $24,329.2 $300.5
$96,868.1 $117,485.8 $103,644.7 $99,445.0 $111,685.8 $12,240.8
-------
MANAGEMENT 4 SUPPORT
ACTUAL
1981
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management
Agency Management
Regional Management
MANAGEMENT 4 SUPPORT
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management
Agency Management
Regional Management
MANAGEMENT 4 SUPPORT
230.3
1,572.9
632.0
TOTAL 2,435.2
277.3
2,061.5
791.3
TOTAL 3,130.1
232.2
1,735.2
708.6
2,676.0
327.0
2,229.9
864.2
3,421.1
233.2
1,593.8
609.6
2,436.6
327.0
2,088.5
763.2
3,178.7
219.8
1,514.0
594.3
2,328.1
304.7
1,984.2
747.7
3,036.6
172.6
1,400.2
526.0
2,098.8
239.2
1,749.6
644.0
2,632.8
-47.2
-113,8
-68.3
-229.3
-65.5
-234.6
-103.7
-403.8
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction for all EPA programs,
associated staff ami management activities, and those Agency-wide administrative
and support services which are not assigned to a specific program. Tha major
components are: program management, Agency management, Regional management, and
support services.
Our 1983 budget reflects two major reorganizations: the Office of the
General Counsel and parts of the Office of Enforcement were consolidated into
the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel, and the Office of Planning and Man-
agement was divided into the Office of Administration and the Office of Policy
and Resource Management. These reorganizations target resources toward our most
critical management activities, eliminate considerable duplication of activities,
provide a consistent approach to Agency legal activities, and ensure strong and
coherent internal management control,
Program management includes policy development, program development and
oversight, and the associated management activities for the Offices of Air,
Noise, and Radiation; Water; Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Research and De-
velopment; and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The Agency management component contains the Administrator, Deputy Admini-
strator, the Associate Administrator for Policy and Resource Management, the As-
sociate Administrator for Legal and Enforcement Counsel, the Offices of the Gen-
eral and Regional Counsel and the Office of Administration.
The Regional management component of this media includes the Offices of the
Regional Administrators and those centralized management and administrative func-
tions performed in each region which are not associated directly with a specific
program.
Support services contains non-personnel costs for Agency services such as
laboratory and office supplies, building operations and maintenance, local tele-
phone service and other utilities, telecommunications, rental costs for our faci-
lities, and central computer services. There are three components within this
general category: Agency, Regional, and program support services. Agency sup-
port services include all office and building services for headquarters. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTP) and Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as certain
Agency-wide services which are managed on a centralized level, e.g., facilities,
rent and ADP support costs. Regional support services refer to common services
in the Regional offices, such as office supplies, equipment, printing, and local
telephones. Program support funds provide general operating services to specific
program facilities or laboratories.
The scope of management and support activities is largely a function of the
programs they serve. The level of funding requested for this media, therefore,
supports the level of program activity we anticipate. Further, the request re-
flects our belief that, by eliminating duplicatory functions, focusing on essen-
tial services, increasing efficiency, and introducing a strong accountability
system, we can provide more effective management activities at less cost.
PURPOSE OF; PROGRAH MANAGErCNT
Program management covers policy formulation, program direction, and the as-
sociated management activities which are performed within the offices of the As-
sistant Administrators in each of EPA's five major program offices. Included are
the Assistant Administrators and their immediate staffs, the centralized manage-
ment staff of each program office, and the program office directors and their in-
mediate staffs.
MS-3
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The program management priority for the Office of Water is to ensure the
overall national implementation of the Clean Water Act, the Drinking Water Act,
and portions of the Marine Protection and Sanctuaries Act.
Within the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, program management re-
sources will be used primarily to streamline decision-making processes relating
to the pesticides and toxic substances laws and to ensure that we uphold our sta-
tutory mandates. Resources also will be focused on efforts to improve the scien-
tific and technical bases of our pesticides and toxics programs.
Program management activities for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response include developing a national policy and providing overall direction to
ensure Implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Fund.
The Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation program management resources provide
for the formulation and management of these three programs. They assure full Im-
plementation of the Clean Air Act and execution of EPA responsibilities under the
Atomic Energy Act, and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act.
The resources for program management for the Office of Research and Develop-
ment provide the necessary coordination and integration of our various research
efforts to ensure that we satisfy the needs identified by the program and Region-
al offices.
PURPOSE OF AGENCY JWNAGEJOT
Agency management includes the Executive Offices which consist of the Ad-
ministrator and Deputy Administrator, their immediate staffs, and the staff of-
fices which report to them directly, as well as the Office of the Inspector Gen-
eral. These offices provide crosscutting Agency guidance for scientific review
of regulations and research, congressional and intergovernmental liaison activi-
ties, international environmental initiatives, civil rights, public affairs, ad-
ministrative law hearings, and audit and Investigative functions. Although we
have reduced this component in total, we are requesting resources at the full
1982 level for the Office of the Inspector General In order to conduct more in-
terim and final audits and provide better protection from potential fraud and
malfeasance.
Agency management also includes the Associate Administrator, the immediate
office, and the legal services components of the Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel (OLEC). The Associate Administrator's office provides executive manage-
ment, planning, and budgeting for the Office of the General Counsel and the Of-
fice of Enforcement Counsel. Legal services provides advice and assistance to
the Administrator, Regional Administrators, and other Agency managers through
the Office of the General Counsel and the offices of the ten Regional Counsels.
This program provides interpretations of statutes, reviews major regulatory ac-
tions to assure legal defensibility, coordinates with EPA's enforcement efforts,
and handles, with the Department of Justice, all litigation activities in which
EPA is a defendant.
The Office of Policy and Resource Management (OPRM), also in this category,
provides Agency-wide policy analysis and development, regulatory control and anal*
ysis, and resource and budget control, planning, and implementation, in addition,
we are developing a system for the Agency which will establish sound management
and accountability control, provide a framework for a well-run strategic planning
and management process, and ensure that EPA's program objectives and environmental
goals are clearly defined and met. We will emphasize a stronger and more coherent
regulatory development and review process and will improve both the process and
substance of regulatory decision-making. In this regard, we will enhance our
ability to measure the benefits associated with major regulations.
The Office of Administration (OA) 1s contained within this component. The
OA provides Agency-wide management and support functions and administrative sup-
MS-4
-------
port to EPA headquarters and our two largest field operations Research Tri-
angle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio. In addition, the OA pro-
vides certain administrative support services for the entire Agency, including
buildings and facilities programming and nationwide support functions.
Within the OA, we are developing new and more efficient ways of providing
services to the Agency. We are providing guidance and assistance to all Agency
organizations 1n streamlining their operations. We will enhance the efforts of
our financial management offices to control and account for the proper expendi-
ture of federal funds and will strengthen cash and credit management. We also
anticipate: eliminating duplicative fund control activities in the program
offices (through further automation of these services), centralizing and strength-
ening the Agency's information management activities, and streamlining our grants
and contracts management procedures to accelerate processing time and to reduce
the resources needed to administer these activities.
PURPOSE OF REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
The Regional management component contains resources for the ten Regional
Administrators and their immediate staffs; the Regional staff offices conducting
civil rights, congressional and intergovernmental liaison activities, and public
affairs programs; and the Regional Management Divisions. We have maintained the
level of resources necessary in our Regional administrative offices to provide
services consistent with workforce levels. We have increased resources for
audit coordination and follow-up activities 1n the Regional finance offices, and
have maintained strong Regional planning and management.
PURPOSE OF SUPPORTSERVICES
Agency support services provide general services to EPA operations in
Washington, DC; Research Traingle Park, North Carolina (RTP), and Cincinnati,
Ohio. It also includes the cost of some general services for all Agency pro-
grams, regardless of location, which are managed at the headquarters level.
In this diverse category are:
- Office Services - Common services including laboratory and office sup-
plies, office equipment maintenance, and printing support for our opera-
tions in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati;
- Building Services - Utilities, local telephone service, routine mainte-
nance and minor modifications, building maintenance contracts, equipment
rentals, guard and janitorial services, and employee health units at
headquarters, RTP, and Cincinnati;
- Library Services - Books, journals, equipment, and service contracts for
the headquarters library and the branch libraries at RTP and Cincinnati,
as well as specialized ADP services, literature searches, technical re-
port processing, and Agency-wide library systems development;
- Nationwide Costs - Agency-wide costs for the rental of space and associ-
ated costs, payments to the U.S. Postal Service, Federal Telecommunica-
tions Service, security investigations, reimbursements to the Federal Em-
ployees Compensation Fund, payments to the Public Health Service for com-
missioned officers assigned to EPA, and contracts which support the Agen-
cy's occupational health and safety program;
- ADP Services - Timesharing and related data processing services provided
to all Agency programs through contracts with commercial suppliers and in-
house computer facilities, development and operation of AOP systems
serving several user programs, and Agency-wide AOP management oversight
functions including systems audits, requirements analysis, and estab-
lishment of AOP technical standards;
MS-5
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- Professional Training - Funds for Agency-wide employee training programs.
The Regional support services component covers support for the Regional
offices including local telephone service, guard service, rental of office
equipment, supplies, printing, copying services, and computer operations.
The program support resources pay for support services required to operate
the laboratories of the Office of Research and Development; the Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances; and the Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation* These
direct costs consist mainly of laboratory and office services, utilities, build-
ing maintenance, and other housekeeping Items.
We are requesting full funding for those fixed costs carried within the
Support Services accounts. At the same time, we are developing strategies to
contain those costs over which we have control. In headquarters, for instance,
we are consolidating headquarters personnel within the Waterside Mall complex
and instituting accountability systems for telephone and mail services.
MS-6
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Management and Support Program $221,058.0
Management. -3,025.0
The decrease results from anticipated reduc-
tions in workload for those management func-
tions such as personnel, administrative, and
program management, and other management serv-
ices whose resource requirements depend on the
Agency's overall workforce level. In areas
such as Financial and Grants and Contracts
Management, reductions reflect our expectations
for reduced workload based on the Agency's
overall reduction in dollars.
Support +12,241.0
The increase will provide funding for antici-
pated and unavoidable rate increases in basic
support areas such as rent, telephones, and
utilities set by the GSA.
1983 Management and Support Program , $230,274.0
.SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO JANUARY 1982 BUD6E1JESTIMATC
(inthousandsofdollars)
January 1982 Estimate $256,921.7
January-March . -24,343.7
Reorganization., -40.0
Reprogrammi ngs ..... +1,104.6
Congressional Actions -15,478.5
Congressional reductions of $1,844,000 for the
program management area in the Office of Air,
Noise and Radiation ($250,000), planning and
evaluation contracts ($500,000), Office of
Public Affairs ($94,000), Nationwide support
costs (3870,000), Office of Legislation
($61,900), and Office of Congressional Liaison
($68,100) were applied to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. An additional
reduction of $13,634,500 was applied to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet
Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
Transfer Authority ...'. +2,893.7
An increase of $2,893,700 was transferred to
Salaries and Expenses for these programs.
Current 1982 Estimate $221,057.8
MS-7
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Program
Management
SECTION TAB
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MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
Program Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management
Office of Air. Noise
and Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management
Office of Mater
Salaries £ Expenses
Program Management
Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management
Office of Research *
Development
Salaries ft Expenses
Program Management
Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response
Salaries A Expenses
$1,798.1 $2,931.6 $3,115.8 $2,316.0 $2,147.7 -$168.3
$2,659.6 $3,478.7 $2,931.3 $2,682.0 $2,570.5 -$111.5
$2,132.5 $3,244.9 $3,160.3 $2,691,1 $2,693.1 $2.0
$3,830.1 $3,974.8 $3,818.4 $3,642.8 $4,011.5 $368.7
$438.2
$554.7 $850.5 $463.4 -$387.1
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses
$10,858.5 $13,630.0 $13,580.5 $12,182.4 $11,886.2 -$296.2
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MANAGEMENT « SUPPORT
Program Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management TOTAL
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
$10,858.5 $13,630.0 $13,580.5 $12,182.4 $11,886.2 -$296.2
en
vo
Program Management
Office of Air, Molse
and Radiation
Program Management
Office of Water
Program Management
Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances
Program Management
Office of Research *
Development
Program Management
Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response
44.1 48.5 54.5 51.5 37.2 -14.3
51.4 50.2 43.5 43.0. 39.6 -3.4
48.2 51.6 49.6 46.5 40.0 -6.5
77.6 81.9 77.9 68.5 49.2 -19.3
9.0
7.7 10.3
6.6 -3.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
230.3 232.2 233.2 219.8 172.6 -47.2
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MANAGEMENT * SUPPORT
Program Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL WORKYEARS
I
o
Program Management
Office of A1r, Noise
and Radiation
Program Management
Office of Hater
Program Management
Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances
Program Management
Office of Research *
Development
Program Management
Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response
48.0 63.7 69.7 64.7 47.8 -16.9
56.0 75.1 64.8' 62.0 56.6 -5.4
58.0 77.3 75.3 70.5 59.3 -11.2
103.8 110.9 106.9 94.6 66.8 -27,8
11.5
10.3 12.9
8.7 -4.2
TOTAL HORKYEARS
277.3 327.0 327.0 304.7 239.2 -65.5
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,886,200 for Salaries and Expenses and
172.6 permanent workyears for 1983. This Is a decrease of $296,200 and 47.2 per-
manent workyears from 1982. Overall, these decreases result from the reduction
In administrative and management overhead as well as the emphasis on allocating
resources to higher priority programs.
Program Descri pt1 on
The Program Management component provides resources for the Assistant Ad-
ministrators, Office Directors and their immediate staffs, for EPA's five major
program Offices: Air, Noise and Radiation; Water; Pesticides and Toxic Substances;
Research and Development; and Solid Waste and Emergency Response. These resources
are used to provide centralized budgeting, planning and management of the programs
and their resources, and coordination and Integration with other Agency programs.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR. NOISE AMD RADIATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, resources obligated were $1,798,100 for Salaries and Expenses and
44.1 permanent workyears for this component. In addition to providing executive
management, planning and analytical support, budgeting and administrative support
for the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation (QANR), resources were focused on re-
authorization of the Clean Air Act. In 1981, the Office was reorganized to in-
clude A1r Enforcement responsibility.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,931,600 $3,115,800 $2,316,000
The net decrease of -$615,600 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (+$100,500) This change represented an Increase of
$100,500 from the January budget and provided enhancement to centralized
program management activities.
" Rco''9an1zatijoni. (+$83,700) This reflects the reorganization of enforce-
ment actlvities. This allows for the shift of enforcement responsibilities
along with the management functions assumed in this office.
- Cpngressional Actlons. (-$799,800) A Congressional earmarked reduction
to this activity was-$250,000 and was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation in final action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill.
An additional reduction of -$549,800 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet the Congressionally mandated appropriation
levels.
1982Program
The Agency is allocating $2,316,000 for Salaries and Expenses and 51.5 per-
manent workyears in 1982. Major emphases in 1982 are implementation of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic Energy Act-and Uranium Mill Tailings Radi-
ation Control Act, and development of major policies related to these Acts. In
MS-T1
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addition, emphasis is being placed on the orderly phase-out of the Agency's Noise
Program.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $2,147,700 in Salaries and Expenses and 37.2 permanent
workyears. This decrease of $168,300 and 14.3 permanent workyears from 1982 is
possible due to savings realized through improved efficiency and elimination of
the Noise program. In 1983, emphasis will be on more effective and efficient
planning, budgeting and financial management, and administrative support to the
Air and Radiation programs.
PROGRAMMANAGEMENT - WATER
1981 Accompl i shiiients
In 1981, resources obligated were $2,659,600 for Salaries and Expenses and
51.4 permanent workyears. These resources provide executive direction and re-
source management for the Office of Water. Major activities and acconjpllshments
included the development and submission of amendments to the Clean Mater Act to
redirect the Construction Grants Program and passage of the Superfund legislation,
along with development of regulatory and implementation strategies for that legis-
lation.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,478,700 $2,931,300 $2,682,000
The net decrease of -$796,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$159,700) This change represented a decrease of
$159,700 fromthe January budget and reflects a shift from central manage-
ment functions to other program activities.
" Reorganization. (-$387,700) This stiift of resources reflects the re*
organizationof enforcement activities allowing for the shift of enforcement
responsibilities along with management functions assumed in this office.
- Reprogramming. (-$20,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of -$20,500.
* Congressional Actions.. (-$228,800) An additional reduction of -5228,800
was applieff^tb the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional*
ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating 52,682,000 for Salaries and Expenses and
43 permanent workyears. A major focus of ,th1s program element In 1982 is to im-
prove Office of Water management through increased and better program integra-
tion and redirection of major activities such as Construction Grants. Another
focus is the reauthorlzatlon process for the Clean Water Act and the implementa-
tion of resulting amendments.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests 52,570,500 for Salaries and Expenses and 39.6 permanent
workyears* This decrease of $111,500 and 3.4 permanent workyears from 1982 re-
flects the overall reduction in staffing for the Office of Water. The request
MS-12
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supports the development and Implementation of a reoriented national regulatory
program for the Water Quality and Drinking Water media and for their enforcement
programs. Specifically, It provides staff at the Assistant Administrator and
Office Director levels to carry out the following functions: development of a
strategy for Office of Water programs In the context of overall Agency policy;
development of legislative initiatives, regulations, and program policies both
within the Office of Water and the Agency; management direction and supervision
of organizations performing functions assigned to the AA and Office Directors;
development of program plans and budgets to Implement Agency policies and programs;
administrative management; and analysis of policy Issues and monitoring of program
performance from scientific and programmatic perspectives.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1981 Accompli sjiments
In 1981, resources obligated were $2,132,500 for Salaries and Expenses and
48.2 permanent workyears. A new approach to managing these programs and dealing
with affected industries was initiated In 1981. Key features of this new approach
are top-down direction, elimination of those functions unnecessary for Implement-
ing pesticides and toxic substances statutes, greater emphasis on sound scientific
judgments In the decision-making process, and closer, more cooperative relation-
ships with pesticide manufacturers and users, and chemical producers.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,244,900 $3,160,300 $2,691,100
The net decrease of -$553,800 results from several actions, as follows:
" «Ja " ua ry - Ma r c h . (-$168,100) This change represented a decrease of
$168",TOtJ from fh"? January budget and reflected a management overhead
reduction.
- Reorganization. (+$83,500) This shift of resources reflects the re-
organization of enforcement activities allowing for the shift of environment
responsibilities along with management functions assumed in this office.
_ (-$75,300) This Agency-wide reprogrammi ng of -$75,300
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provides additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogrammi ng was Included In a letter
to Congress on December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$393,900) An additional reduction of -5393,900
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congresslonal-
ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program ,
The Agency is allocating $2,691,100 for Salaries and Expenses and 46,5 per-
manent workyears in 1982. Expected accomplishments Include efficiencies designed
to streamline the pesticide and toxic substances programs, thereby using allocated
resources more efficiently; establishment of a peer review system to protect the
scientific and technical quality of publications; greater use of voluntary agree-
ments as a mechanism to test or control chemicals; and the Introduction of new
policies designed to reduce regulatory burdens while maintaining human and envi-
ronmental protection.
MS-13
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $2,693,100 for Salaries and Expenses and 40.0 permanent
work/ears, an Increase of $2,000 and a decrease of 6.5 permanent workyears. The
decrease in workyears reflects reduced requirements for administrative overhead,
consistent with the overall workyear reduction in this office. The increase in
dollars provides full funding for the 1983 workyear level. Highest priority in
1983 will be given to those additional management and policy reforms needed to
ensure that the pesticides and toxic substances programs devote their resources
predominately to activities required by law and eliminate backlogs in programs
that cause delays In the introduction and controlled use of chemicals,
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, resources obligated were $3,830,100 for Salaries and Expenses and
77.6 permanent workyears. These resources provided for the scientific, technical
and administrative management of the Agency's research programs. These programs
were carried out in Headquarters, in 14 major laboratories and in other field com-
ponents. In addition to providing general management, administrative and budget
support, specific accomplishments included: planning and managing research faci-
lities; coordinating interagency and intergovernmental environmental research and
development; gathering and managing technical information; operating the research
committee system to ensure that the ORD's research program satisfies EPA's needs;
and providing onsite coordination and Integration of the centralized program man-
agement functions in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January BudgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estiraate Estimate
$3,974,800 $3,818,400 $3,642,800
The net decrease of -$332,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$156,400) This change represented a decrease of
$156,4uu from the January budget, which resulted from a shift of central
management functions to program activities and a reduction of administrative
support in the Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park, and headquarters offices.
" Deprogramming. (+$67,500) This Agency-wide reprogramnrlng of -$42,500
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and, In addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogramming was Included in a letter
to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous
reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this
activity and resulted In a net increase of +$110,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$243,100) An additional reduction of -$243,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional-
ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $3,642,800 for Salaries and Expenses and
68.5 permanent workyears to this subactivlty. These resources provide for the
continued activities previously described.
MS-14
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $4,011,500 for Salaries and Expenses and 49,2 permanent
workyears. This is an increase of 5368,700 and a decrease of 19.3 permanent
workyears from 1982. The increase in dollars will be used to offset increased
operating costs and further develop and refine ORD's information systems. With
:a reduced staff, there will be a greater need for reliable, automated systems to
perform routine information gathering activities.
PROGRAMI^NAGEH|NT -SOLID WASTE ANDEMERGENCY RESPONSE
1981 Acccmplishments
In 1981, resources obligated were $438,200 for Salaries and Expenses and 9.0
permanent workyears. Major emphasis was placed on establishing the organization,
and instituting budget and accounting structures for the Superfund program.
1982 Explanati on of Changes from January^ Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$554,700 $850,500
The net increase of +$850,500 results from several actions, as follows:
" RgPJ'gji"jJ:|tton. (+$554,700) A reorganization transfer of $387,700
was "made '°W""rI?1ect the shift of resources along with functions from the
Office of Water to establish this new office. A second transfer of
5167,000 reflects the reorganization of enforcement activities. This allows
for the shift of enforcement responsibilities along with the management
functions assumed in this office.
- Reprogramming. (+$296,600) This Agency-wide reprogramming of $206,200
provided resources for transfer of the accountability function to the Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation and. In addition, provided additional
resources for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. (This reprogramirring was included in a letter
to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net increase of +$90,400.
Actions. (-$800) An additional reduction of -$800 was
appl 1 ed to the Sal art es and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating 5850,500 for Salaries and Expenses and
10.3 permanent workyears for this component. Emphasis 1s being placed on provid-
ing policy overview and resource coordination for the Agency's major programs on
hazardous waste. Specifically, efforts are focused on developing accounting con-
trols and documentation for use of Superfund resources and coordinating the de-
velopment and revision of regulations to support the Resources Conservation and
Recovery Act.
1983 P rogram Request "
The Agency requests $463,400 for Salaries and Expenses and 6.6 permanent
workyears. This decrease of 5387,100 and 3.7 permanent workyears from 1982 re-
sults from the implementation of management efficiencies in the AA's Immediate
Office. The requested resources will provide for the continued overall direc-
tion and support needed to conduct these national hazardous waste programs.
MS-15
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Budget Request
the Agency requests a total of $82,372,600 of Salaries and Expenses funds
and 1,400.2 permanent workyears for Agency Management fn 1983, a decrease of
S3,029,100 and 113.8 permanent workyears from 1982.
Program Description
Agency Management provides for Agency-wide policy direction and management
and administrative activities. It Includes the salaries and associated costs for
the Executive Offices, including the Immediate Office of the Administrator/Deputy
Administrator, the staff offices which report directly to the Administrator, and
the Office of the Inspector General; the Office of Policy and Resource Management;
the Immediate Office of the Associate Administrator for Legal and Enforcement
Counsel and the Offices of the General Counsel and Regional Counsels; and the
Office of Administration.
MS-16
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Agency
Management
SECTION TAB
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MANAGEMENT « SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of
the Administrator
Salaries 8 Expenses
Regulatory
Information Service
Center
Salaries S Expenses
.Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries 8 Expenses
Science Advisory
Board
Salaries S Expenses
Office of
Congressional Liaison
Salaries S Expenses
Office of
International
Activities
Salaries 8 Expenses
$2,099.0 $2,155.5 $2,651,7 $2,041.8 $2,276,7 $234.9
$900.0 $550.0 -$350.0
$.6 $3.0 $3.0 $3.0 $3.0
$710.8 $1,113.4 $1,060,5 $921.3 $1,088.7 $167.4
$718.0
$811.1 $729.7 $959.5 $229.8
$1,159.3 $1,262.1 $1,363.2 $1,145.1 $1,028.3 -$116.8
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MANAGEMENT * SUPPORT
Office of Civil
Rights
Salaries & Expenses
Federal Women's
Program
Salaries & Expenses
Civil Rights
Investigations
Salaries S Expenses
Office of Public
Affairs
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of Press
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Public
Awareness
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries S Expenses
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 198Z 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,121,2 $1,288.8 $1,271.5 $1,127.9 $1,008.1 -$119.8
$8.4 $10.0 $10.0 $9.2 $10.7 $1.5
$118.4 $156.5 $146.5 $90.1 $154.3 $64.2
$2,798.5
$949.9 $1,147.6 $1,421.1 $273.5
$824.9
$2,878.4
$1,482.5 $1,439.0 $1,579.0 $1,556.7 $1,189.1 -$367.6
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MANAGEMENT * SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of Regional
Liaison
Salaries S Expenses
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of Small &
01sadvantaged
Business Utilization
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of Inspector
General
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of the Administrator/
Executive Offices TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$567.9 $962,5 $1,013.5 $528.2 $626.9 $98.7
$97,5 $166.0 $148.6 $118.6 $109.5 -$9.1
$320.7 $339.6 $332.3 $265.3 $352.7 $87.4
$155.5 $204.0 $209.5 $200.5 $162.5 -$38.0
$10,128.6 $11,940.6 $11,751,8 $11,472.6 $11,564.2 $91.6
$21,486.9 $24,744.3 $23,302.1 $22,257.6 $22,505.3 $323.7
$21,486.9 $24,744.3 $23,302.1 $22,Z57.6 $22,505.3 $323.7
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MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE 4-
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator 39.2 45.6 50.6 40,9 48.6 7.7
Regulatory 7.0 5.0 -2.0
Information Service
Center
Science Advisory 11.3 15.4 15.4 11.7 16.1 4,4
Board
Office of 17.0 17.3 16.6 23.4 6.8
Congressional Liaison
Office of 21.3 21.8 18.6 17.7 15.0 -2,7
International
Activities
Office of Civil 23.6 26.5 24.5 21.5 16.6 -4.9
Rights
Office of Public 46.5 16.0 20.0 18,9 -1,1
Affairs
Office of Press 12.2
Services
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Office of Public
Awareness
Office of Federal
Activities
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Regional
Liaison
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liaison
Office of Small *
01sadvantaged
Business Utilization
Office of Inspector
General
35.3
14,7
3.3
3.6
2.9
31.8
33.8
25,9
3.0
3.0
5.0
32.8
25.9
2.0
2.0
4.0
32.0
15.0
2.0
3.0
3.7
24.2 -7.8
15.0
1.5 -.5
4.9 1.9
3.1 -.6
122.0 143.0 140.0 146.2
140.7
-5.5
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
340.7 367.0 349.1 337.3 333.0 -4.3
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MANAGEMENT « SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office of
the Administrator
Regulatory
Information Service
Center
Science Advisory
Board
Office of
Congressional Liaison
Office of
International
Activities
Office of Civil
Rights
Office of Public
Affairs
Office of Press
Services
ACTUAL JANUAflY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
53.4 51.5 61.5 49.8 59.3 9.5
9.0 5.0 -4.0
17.3 24.2 26.2 22.5 25.9 3.4
24.7 23.8 23.1 31.0 7.9
29.6 26.9 25.2 27.3 23.0 -4.3
31.6 35.7 34.7 30.2 23.8 -6.4
64.5 24.9 25.0 24.3 -.7
17.1
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MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL JANUARY HARCH CURRENT "ESTIMATE I CREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Office of Public
Awareness
Office of Federal
Activities
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Regional
Liaison
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liaison
Office of Small 4
Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
Office of Inspector
General
40,7
15.1
3.5
6.7
3.9
141.7
52.3
38.8
27.8
6.6
5.9
40.8
27.8
3.0
5.6
4.9
40.0
15.3
3.0
5.6
4.6
30.3 -9,7
15.6
2.6
7.1
3.9
173.0 170.0 173.6 170.7
.3
-.4
1.5
-.7
-2.9
TOTAL HORKYEARS
432.7 463.8 448.4 429.0 422.5 -6.5
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,505,300 for Salaries and Expenses and
333.0 permanent workyears for the Office of the Administrator In 1983. This Is
an Increase of $247,700 and a decrease of 4.3 permanent workyears from 1982.
The resources will support stronger executive management 1n the form of firmer
policy guidance, more effective relations with Congress, and better quality
scientific advice for the entire Agency.
Program Descrlpti on
These resources Include the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate
Office of the Administrator, the staff offices which report directly to the
Administrator, and the Office of the Inspector General. The Administrator and
Deputy Administrator are responsible for providing policy and direction to the
Agency and ensuring implementation of their policies; the staff offices perform
a variety of functions which are closely related to developing and implementing
these policies and programs.
ImmediateOffice of theAdministrator -- This office includes: the Admini-
strator and Deputy Administrator, specTa'T assistants to the Administrator 1n the
various program areas, speech writers, clerical support staff, drivers and mes-
sengers; the Agency's focal point for answering Freedom of Information requests;
the Executive Communications Office, which is responsible for tracking all cor-
respondence coming In or going out of the Administrator's Office; and the staff
responsible for centralized budget preparation, funds control, administrative
services and resource analysis for the Executive Offices.
RegulatoryInformationServiceCenter The Center is responsible for tab*
ulating and cOmpiIing ihforiiiatlon provided by other Federal agencies concerning
their regulatory efforts.
Administrator's Representation Fund The Fund Is used for official recep*-
tions, meetings, and affairs hosted primarily by the Administrator for domestic
and foreign officials.
Science Advisory Board The Board consists of a Director, professional
and clericalstaff, and approximately 50 Independent scientists and engineers
who advise the Administrator on the scientific and technical bases of the Agency's
decisions. They review the scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the adequacy
of Agency research and the research planning process, the five-year research and
development plan, as well as special requests from the Administrator, the Deputy
Administrator and the Congress. The SAB prepares findings and recommendations in
technical reports which are legally required to be sent directly to the Adminis-
trator and to the Congress.
Office of CongressionalLiaison This office serves as the principal
point~of Congressional contact For the'Agency. It provides summaries of
Congressional activities throughout EPA and assists the Administrator, the
Office of Legislation and senior policy officials in developing plans for the
Agency's legislative program. In addition, It reviews all Congressional cor-
respondence, responds to Congressional requests for information and coordi-
nates grant and contract announcements.
Office of International Activities This office provides guidance and
uianagment for the Agency's international activities and programs with Western
European countries, Japan, and the Agency's Scientific Activities Overseas
MS-24
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(SAO) Program. In addition, the office manages agreements with Canada and
Mexico on cross-boundary environmental Issues 'and oversees Agency involvement
in the activities of international organizations such as the United Nations
Environmental Program, the World Health Organization, and the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Finally, the office plays a
strong role in formulating and implementing Agency policies that affect the
international marine environment.
Office of Civil Rights -- This office manages the Agency's civil rights
programs! TE provides policy guidance to the Administrator and evaluates
activities required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal
opportunity and prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA. This program
element also supports the area Civil Rights Directors, who represent the
Director regarding all aspects of civil rights and equal opportunity programs,
at major research and satellite installations in Cincinnati, Research Triangle
Park and Las Vegas.
Federal Women ' s Program This program element supports the activities
of the Headquarters Federal Women's Program Committee which is the headquarters
component of the Agency's Federal Women's Program. Activities sponsored by this
program throughout the year cover seminar and workshop costs and other non-
personnel costs related to Improving the status of women employed at EPA
headquarters.
Civil Rights Investigations -- This program element provides contract funds
for processing complaints of discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion,
sex, age or national origin lodged by Agency employees and applicants for employ-
ment. These funds are used for Investigations, adjudications, hearings, and
Equal Employment Opportunity Counselor training, as well as awarding attorney
fees when the complainant prevails.
Office of Public Affairs -- This office develops Agency policy for media
rel at1 ons and public information. Its activities Include: preparing press
releases and feature material for media distribution; responding to press
Inquiries; conducting press conferences and briefings; coordinating media appear-
ances of key Agency officials; and compiling dally and weekly news clips of
national press coverage. In addition, under the EPA Peer and Administrative
Review Control System, the office reviews all public information materials for
conformance to policy and the Agency's Graphics Standards System.
_ This office develops national policies for
deal 1 ng Irflth ^rivTrinlietffial issues and problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, the Office of Federal Activities is responsible for ensuring that
EPA and other Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the Kational Environmental Policy Act and Section 309 of
the Clean Air Act. In this capacity, OFA files and publishes notices of all
Environmental Impact Statements. Additionally, in concert with the Army Corps of
Engineers, OFA manages the Dredge and Fill program under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act. OFA also oversees Federal facility compliance with environmental re-
quirements, and specifically with Executive Order 12088.
Office of Administrative Law Judges Judges from this office preside over
and conduct hearings required by 'we Administrative Procedures Act related to
appeals of Agency regulations and decisions.
Of f 1 ce of Regional Li ai son ~ This office serves as a Headquarters point of
contact for Regional offices. It handles specific Headquarters/Regional policy
issues, assures Regional involvement in the development of Agency policy and
regulations through the steering committee process, and reviews and coordinates
EPA comments on Air State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
MS-25
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Office of Intergovernmental Liaison -- This office serves as the Agency's
principal point of contact with major national public interest groups and State
and local governments. It also serves to emphasize the Administrator's concern
with developing cooperation and support for delegating more responsibility for
Agency programs to State and local governments. To these ends, it assists State
and local officials with their requests for information, arranges meetings with
them, and encourages State and local involvement in EPA's regulatory process.
Office of Small and Disadvantage^ Business Utilization This office pro-
vides Agency-wide oversight in Implementing programs under Sections 8 and 15 of
the Small Business Act (as amended) to further the utilization of EPA procurement
and financial assistance programs by small and disadvantaged businesses. It
develops national policy for EPA and serves as the focal point for providing
guidance for implementing the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise
policy under grants and cooperative agreements.
Office of Inspector General This office, the largest single component of
the Office of the Administrator, is responsible for: conducting, supervising and
coordinating audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations;
promoting economy and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs; pre-
venting and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; keeping the
Administrator and Congress fully Informed about problem areas and related
corrective action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
MS-26
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IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, this office obligated $2,099,000 and 39.2 permanent workyears, all
of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Administration's
first major effort was to assess the Agency's organizational strengths and weak-
nesses in order to develop improved and more efficient ways of doing business.
This review led to an Agency-wide reorganization in the summer of 1981 which, most
notably, created the Office of Policy and Resource Management and the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel. In addition, the Administrator reviewed the
organization of her immediate office. Changes resulting from this study will
be implemented in 1982.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,155,500 $2,651,700 $2,041,800
The net decrease of -$113,700 results from several actions, as follows:
(+$496 ,200) This change represented an increase of
,
$496,200 from the January budget.
" Reprpgramming. (-$508,400) Resources totaling $348,200 were trans-
f erred to the newly established Regulatory Information Service Center
program element. Additionally* during the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of
-$160,200.
- Congressional Actions. (-$101,500) A reduction of -$101,500 was applied
to the sal arles and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,041,800 and 40.9 permanent
workyears to this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. In conjunction with its overall objective of centralizing funds con-
trol, the Agency is moving to consolidate the staff offices. This change will
also give the Administrator improved flexibility to meet changing priorities
within the staff offices. A feasibility study has been conducted and work almost
completed on developing an automated correspondence tracking system. Several
reorganizations are being undertaken to develop more efficient and effective
methods of carrying out essential staff office functions.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,276,700 and 48.6 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
is an increase of $234,900 and 7.7 penmanerit workyears, which reflects an organi-
zational change centralizing the positions and resources associated with funds
control in each of the staff offices into this office.
P.EGULATORY INFORMATION SERVICE CENTER
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Center obligated $2,384,000 and 10.0 permanent workyears, all of
which was from the U.S. Regulatory Council appropriation. The Center (then known
MS-2 7
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as the U.S. Regulatory Council) published two editions of the Calendar of Federal
Regulations and an index to the Calendar. In addition, it conducted in-house
studies on the effect of federal regulations in the areas of: Health and Safety,
Human Resources, Natural Resources, Trade and Commerce, and Transportation and
Communications. Finally, the Center developed a series of six handbooks on
alternatives to regulation.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$900,000
The net increase of +$900,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- Reprogramniing. (+348,200) These resources are transferred from the
Office of Administrator and Deputy Administrator to establish this new
office.
- Transfer Authority. (+$551,800) These resources were transferred from
Mul ti -media Energy tnvi ronmental Engineering and Technology to fully fund
the operating expenses for the Regulatory Information Service Center.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $900,000 and 7.0 permanent work-
years to this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The office will publish one edition of the Calendar and is working on developing
an automated system to produce a data base of information on regulatory agenda.
It is also designing an analysis of Federal Register statistics.
The Agency requests a total of $550,000 and 5.0 permament workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This is a
decrease of $350,000 and a decrease of 2.0 permanent workyears. The resources
will provide for contract funds to refine the automated data base. The Center
will continue Its monthly analysis of Federal Register statistics.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, this program element obligated $600 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$3,000
$3,000 $3,000
There was no change to this activity.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000 for this function under
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-28
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000 in 1983 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This is the same as the 1982 level.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1981 A_cc.onipl i shments
In 1981, the Science Advisory Board obligated $710,800 and 11.3 permanent
workyears, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Board provided advice on the scientific and technical aspects of environmental
problems and Issues as requested by the Administrator and as mandated by the
Congress. For example, 1t reviewed the Agency's F1ve-Year Research Plan, an
Assessment of Health Risks Associated with Primary national Ambient Air Quality
Standards, and a Technical Support Document for Regulatory Action Against Friable
Asbestos Containing Materials in School Buildings.
1982 Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,113,400 $1,060,500 $921,300
The net 4ecrease of -$192,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$52,900) This change represented a decrease of
$52,900 from the January budget.
- Reprogramming. (-$15,600) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net decrease of -$15,600.
" Congressional Actions. (-$123,600) A reduction of -$123,600 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $921,300 and 11.7 permanent work-
years to the Science Advisory Board (SAB), all of which is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. In addition to the Board's strengthened advisory role,
its staff will, at the request of the Administrator or the Deputy Administrator,
participate in the peer review of scientific documents written within or funded
by the Agency for distribution outside of EPA. Scientific Issues or papers
which the SAB is reviewing in 1982 include, among others, Radioactive Waste
Disposal Standards, Exposure Assessment Guidelines, and an Integrated Acid Rain
Document.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,088,700 and 16.1 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
increase of $167,400 and 4.4 permanent workyears will be used to strengthen the
Board in light of its increased responsibilities and to expand the number of SAB
meetings held. In 1983, the Deputy Administrator will Identify 15-25 additional
regulatory issues for SAB review.
MS-29
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OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, this office obligated $718,000 and 17.0 permanent workyears, all of
which Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Office of Congressional
Liaison (OCL) was split from the Office of Legislation, and the former made
responsible for day-to-day contact with Congress.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$811,100 $729,700
The net Increase of +$729,700 results from several actions, as follows:
* Rep'"ganl2at1on. (+$811,100) The Office of Legislation was dismantled
and its resources split between two newly established Offices of Legislation
and Congressional Liaison.
" Reprogramming. (-$13,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogramnings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$13,300.
- Congressional Actions. (-$68,100) The Congressional earmarked reduction
to the Office of Legislation was a total of $130,000 and -$68,100 applied
to this program in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency Is allocating a total of $729,700 and 16.6 permanent work-
years to this office. This office has been reorganized to improve Its operations.
It is actively involved In the entire legislative program of the Agency, while
devoting special attention to reauthorizatlon of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and
Safe Drinking Water Acts.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $959,500 and 23.4 permanent workyears for
this program. This is an increase of $229,800 and 6,8 permanent workyears and
represents the heightened emphasis the Administrator places on this office's
responsibilities.
OFFICE OFINTERNATIONALACTIVITES
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, this office obligated $1,159,300 and 21.3 permanent workyears, all
of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Relations with Canada
were the primary concern of the Office of International Activities (OIA). Our
two governments opened negotiations on an air quality agreement and established a
bilateral framework for assessing transbo^undary problems. Utilizing joint work
groups, this structure represents a major International effort to define and
resolve such problems through cooperative technical analyses In conjunction with
formal diplomatic negotiations.
EPA's efforts in International organizations also showed significant results.
For example, under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development's (OECD) Chemicals and Environment Program, the United States and
other member countries agreed to a common approach for dealing with data related
to toxic substances control known as the Mutual Acceptance of Data in the Assess-
HS-30
-------
ment of Chemicals. The OECD Chemicals Program was reauthorized until 1984. Like-
wise, in 1981, OIA aided the effort to establish and implement hazardous waste
export notification procedures as required by regulations under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
1982 Explanation j»f Changes from Janjjar'y Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,262,100 $1,363,200 $1,145,100
The net decrease of -$117,000 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. ($101,100) This change represented an Increase of
$101,100 from the January budget.
" Regrogrammlrig. (+2,900) During the development of the operating plan,
severaTMsSelTaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$2,900.
- Congressional Actions. (-$221,000) A reduction of -$221,000 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $1,145,100 and 17.7 permanent workyears,
all of which Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Foreign travel
will be more tightly restricted In response to directives from the Administrator
and the President. Negotiations with Canada are again uppermost, particularly
in pursuit of a transboundary air quality agreement. EPA also plans to finalize
joint agreements with Canada on phosphorus loadings in the Great Lakes Basin
and on the abatement and control of discharges Into the Niagara and St. John
rivers. OIA is also involved in negotiations and joint ventures on various
Issues with Mexico and the European countries.
Amendments to and clarifications of existing hazardous waste export regula-
tions are being made to further streamline the notification procedures for United
States waste generators who propose to export hazardous waste. Similarly, recom-
mendations are being developed and implemented to improve foreign notification
on pesticide exports as required by FIFRA.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,028,300 and 15.0 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
is a reduction of $116,800 and 2.7 permanent workyears, which Is commensurate
with reductions in Agency resource levels and otherwise reflects reduced foreign
travel. Negotiations with Canada on transboundary air pollution and water issues
will continue. EPA will be heavily involved In high level OECD meetings on
chemicals and environmental economics. Bilateral activities will concentrate on
Implementing existing agreements.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
]981 JUxomplisnments
In 1981, this office obligated $1,121,200 and 23.6 permanent workyears, all
of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Office of Civil
Rights (OCR) reviewed the Equal Opportunity Program at EPA's Cincinnati, Ohio
Laboratory. OCR's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Program Activities Staff
developed the first Agency-wide multi-year Affirmative Action Plan.
MS-31
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The External Compliance Staff published as a proposed rule, a comprehensive
regulation consolidating the requirements of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights
Act, Section XIII of the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments, the
Age Discrimination Act of 1973, and Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act.
The staff reached final settlement with 134 contractors on complaints filed
pursuant to the Davis-Bacon Act and the Ualsh-Healy Act.
The Discrimination Complaints Staff resolved, through settlement, a total of
ten complaints compared to two complaints the previous year. It prepared and
distributed 12 final Agency decisions and eight proposed dispositions. The staff
conducted a nationwide survey of EPA Counselors and Regional Directors to analyze
this caseload in terms of quantity and the Issues involved fn the complaints.
1982 Explanation of Changes frpin January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1.288,800 $1,271,500 $1,127,900
The net decrease of -$160,900 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$17,300) This change represented a decrease of
$17,3UU from tne January budget.
- Reprogramming. (-322,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprograronings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In a net decrease of -522,300.
- CongressionalActions. (-$121,300) A reduction of -$121,300 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congresslonally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,127,900 and 21.5 permanent workyears
for this program, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office of Civil Rights is: continuing EEO Program reviews of the Regional offices
and the remaining laboratories; providing support to EPA program offices in
developing the Agency's plan for support to Historically Black Colleges and
Universities; developing an Agency-wide Multi-Year Affirmative Action Plan in
accordance with Equal Employment Opportunity Commission requirements; and monitor-
ing the Agency's compliance with Affirmative Action goals.
OCR's External Compliance Staff will complete negotiations with the Depart-
ment of Justice and publish, as a final rule, the comprehensive regulation pro-
posed in 1982. The staff will settle a number of complaints of labor law viola-
tions filed against Agency contractors as well as resolve the backlog of cases
from 1981 which require debarment or other sanctions.
OCR's Discrimination Complaints Staff will continue to concentrate on clear-
ing the complaints backlog and will encourage settlement of complaints during
the informal counseling stage.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,100 and 16.6 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reduction of $119,800 and 4.9 permanent workyears is commensurate with reductions
in Agency resource levels- The office will continue to manage the Agency's
civil rights programs as mandated by law. Efforts will continue to be made to
keep the internal and external complaints process up to date. Any remaining
backlogs will be eliminated.
MS-32
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FEDERAL WOMEN'S PROGRAM
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, this unit obligated $8,400, all of which was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The Headquarters Federal Women's Program (FWP) sponsored
seminars and meetings throughout 1981 about employment Issues and other concerns
of interest to all employees. A bi-monthly newsletter was also published.
1982 Explanation of Chaojj^J^
-------
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $154,300 for this program, all of which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase of $64,200 will be
used to contract for additional investigators and adjudicators to eliminate any
remaining backlog of unresolved discrimination complaints.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
11981 Accornpl 1 shments
In 1981, this office recieved $2,798,500 and 46.5 permanent workyears, all
of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. As part of the
Administrator's Agency-wide reorganization, the Offices of Press Services and
Public Awareness were combined to form the Office of Public Affairs (OPA),
effective July 1, 1981. During the remainder of the year, in addition to its
primary responsibility for dealing with the press, OPA reviewed public Information
publications, grants and contracts, monitored the moratorium on printing, under-
took review of the Agency's public participation policy, and transferred the
President's Environmental Youth Awards Program to the Regions for more efficient
handling at the local level.
Ij^Sg^lxplanatlon of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$949,900 $1,147,600
The net Increase of +$1,147,600 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reorganization. {+$949,900) This reorganization consolidated the Office
of Press Services and the Office of Public Awareness to create the new
Office of Public Information.
" Reprogramming. (+$291,700) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net Increase of +$291,700.
- CongressionalActions. (-$94,000) The Congressional earmarked reduction
to this ac11vity -594,dOO was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation in final action on pur 1982 Appropriation Bill.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,147,600 and 20.0 permanent workyears,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In addition to its
regular duties, OPA is: implementing the new peer and administrative review
control system on public information materials; rewriting the Agency's public
participation policy; publishing the EPA Journal but with more restricted dis-
tribution; running the Speakers Bureau; develdping community relations policy
guidance for the Superfund program; acting as a liaison with the President's
Council on Consumer Affairs; overseeing Regional handling of the Youth Awards
Program; and developing a new publication on Agency functions and programs.
1983 P rogram Request
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,421,100 and 18.9 permanent workyears,
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
is an increase of $273,500 and a decrease of 1.1 permanent workyears. The Increase
will be used to offset Increased printing costs for the EPA Journal and other
publications. OPA will continue its current activities 1n T9T53.
MS-34
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1982i_Program
The Agency is allocating 52,875,100 for Salaries and Expenses and 75.2 per-
manent workyears. This program element supports Regional program priorities
through legal advice and assistance, legal defense of Agency decisions, and par-
ticipation in certain administrative proceedings. It also assists States in as-
suming EPA programs by providing advice and assistance.
1983 ^Program Request
The Agency requests $2,474,700 in Salaries and Expenses and 61.4 permanent
workyears for this program. This decrease of $400,400 and 13.8 permanent work-
years from 1982 reflects efficiencies resulting from improved integration of le-
al and enforcement activities. In 1983, the program will continue to provide le-
gal advice and consultation to Regional managers. Regional Counsels will act as
lead EPA attorneys on defensive litigation involving Regional issues. Other ma-
jor activities will include reviewing State legal authorities and advising States
on program assumption matters related to the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act and other statutes; providing support to the construction grants program; as-
sisting States in changing statutes and regulations resulting from amendments to
EPA's administrative statutes; and coordination with the enforcement litigation
program.
MS-47
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MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management
Office of Policy *
Resource Management
Salaries * Expenses
Resource Management
Salaries * Expenses
Program Integration
Project
Salaries 8 Expenses
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries S Expenses
Policy Analysis
Salaries it Expenses
Standards 8
Regulations
Salaries 8 Expenses
$979.9
$162.8
$2,583.7
$7,300.1
$3,145.9
$9,370.7
$604.8 $604.8 $724.0 $119.2
$4,978.9 $2,500.0 $3,667.0 $1,167.0
$2,293.8 $2,293.8 $2,063.5 -$230.3
$9,233.8 $7,616.9 $8,433.0 $816.1
$3,546.3 $3,201.1 $3,574.0 $372.9
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MANAGEMENT 4 SUPPORT
3
C/1
I
Management Systems 4
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Legislation
Salaries A Expenses
Office of Legislation
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Planning 4
Management
Salaries S Expenses
Office of Planning I
Evaluation
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Office of Policy and
Resource Management TOTAL
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,328.7
$597.9
$1.555.3 $2.033.0 $2.155.1 $122.1
$738.2 $667.3 $835.9 $168.6
$1,462.7
$1,404.9
$22,480.7
$16,099.0 $34,719.0 $22,951.1 $18.916.9 $21,452.5 $2,535.6
$16,099.0 $34,719.0 $22,951.1 $18,916.9 $21,452.5 $2,535.6
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MANAGEMENT * SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HORKYEARS
Program Management
Office of Policy S
Resource Management
Resource Management
Program Integration
Project
Office of the
Comptroller
Policy Analysis
Standards A
Regulations
Management Systems £
Evaluation
Office of Legislation
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE 1
1982
13.6
223.1
.8
56.3
37.7
21.3
19.3
12.6 34.8
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
:STIHATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
11.0 11.0 14.0 3.0
30.0 17.1 21.0 3.9
46.4 48.4 45.0 -3.4
38.5 37.5 32.1 -5.4
31.2 31.2 29.3 -1.9
20.4 35.4 36.2 .8
16.5 16.1 15.5 -.6
Office of Planning * 1-5.3
Management
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MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
Office of Planning «
Evaluation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Program Management
Office of Pollcr «
Resource Management
Resource Management
Program Integration
Project
Office of the
Comptroller
Policy Analysis
Standards &
Regulations
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982
140.1
161,6 413.3 194.0
24,1 17.1
290.2
4,8 30.0
6§.7 63.4
65.2 68.5
5Z.3 54.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
196.7
17.0
17.1
6S.4
64.2
54.2
ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
193.1 -3.6
19.1 2.1
21.0 3.9
56.7 -8.7
55.3 -8.9
53.5 -,7
Management Systems
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3: Evaluation
VI
I
HAMABEMEMT 8 SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
Office of Legislation
Office of Planning 4
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
42.6
31.7
MARCH
ESTIHATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIHATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
Management
Office of Planning 8 207.2
TOTAL HORKYEARS 261.7 571.7 287.4 287.9 272.1 -15.8
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MANAGEMENT AMD SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,452,500 for Salaries and Expenses and
193.1 permanent workyears for 1983. This increase of $2,535,600 and decrease
of 3.6 permanent workyears from 1982 will support this office's efforts to
Introduce regulatory reform.
Program Description
The Office of Policy and Resource Management (OPRM), headed by the Assistant
Administrator, directs the Agency's regulation review process, formulates Agency
policy, and allocates the Agency's resources. OPRM is responsible for reviewing
all EPA regulations to ensure consistency with Agency policy, coordinating all in-
ternal Agency reviews of regulations, and leading the Agency's regulatory reform
activities. Formulation of policy 1s stimulated by OPRM's analyses of the econo-
mic, energy, and environmental effects of EPA'S regulations, policies and programs
as well as by evaluations of the effectiveness of ongoing Agency programs.
OPRM also provides special studies and analyses to support Agency decision-
making processes in both management and program areas. Analysis of existing and
proposed legislation, amendments, and Congressional committee hearings, as well
as preparation of reports on Congressional actions and new legislation, are addi-
tional OPRM functions. Finally, OPRM is responsible for the Agency's'central
planning and budgeting process which allocates workyear and financial resources
and ensures adequate fund control. A brief description of each of the program
elements included In OPRM follows.
Program Management - Policy and Resource Management This program element
supports'the Assistant Aojjiimstrator's Immediate Office and provides policy direc-
tion, planning functions, and the budgeting and resource management activities
within OPRM.
Program Integration Project Resources to provide an analytic framework
for integrating the toxics activities of EPA's major programs are included here.
Office of the Comptroller This component develops and operates the EPA's
program plannlng and budgeting system; analyzes and prepares Agency budgets for
submission to the Congress and OMB; and maintains the Agency's allocation, control,
and review system for all workyear and financial resources.
Policy Analysis This program element contains resources to analyze all
EPA regulations, polIdes and programs from the perspective of their economic,
energy and environmental Impacts and benefits.
Standards and Regu1 at1 ons -- Activities in this program element include man-
agement 6? the Agencyrs regulation development and review process, design of the
Agency's regulatory reform activities, and development of innovative approaches
to regulation.
ManagementSystems and Evaluation -- Resources to operate the Agency's ac-
countability system, implement necessary management reforms, and evaluate program
effectiveness are Included In this component.
Office of Legislation ~ This program element contains resources to develop
supporting data and analysis for the Administrator's legislative program.
MS-S3
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF POLICY AMD RESOURCE HAMAGEHEHT
1981 Accomp 1 i shments
In 1981, with $979.900 In Salaries and Expenses and 13.6 permanent workyears,
OPRM created an organization structure to centralize those administrative and bud-
getary functions previously performed by other organizations within the Agency-
In 1981, the previous Office of Planning and Management was reorganized and di-
vided into the Office of Administration and the Office of Policy and Resource Man-
agement (OPRM). This office conducted special analyses, developed the budget and
managed the resources devoted to OPRM, and directed the Implementation of reforms
designed to reduce duplication of functions, programs, and responsibilities with-
in OPRM.
1 962 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$604,800 $604,800
The net increase of +5604,800 results from the following action:
- Reorganization. (+$604,800) The Office of Planning and Evaluation
ana the Office of Planning and Management have been eliminated and their
resources distributed to the Office of Policy and Resource Management
and Office of Administration.
Program
in 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $604,800 and 11.0 permanent
workyears to this activity, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. These re-
sources support the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic and planning activi-
ties necessary to manage the Office of Policy and Resource Management and its com-
ponent offices.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $724,000 and 14.0 permanent workyears for this
activity, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This Increase of $119,200
and 3.0 permanent workyears over 1982 will allow OPRM to Implement reforms designed
to reduce duplications and streamline administrative and budget functions 1n or-
der to provide Increased analytic support to the Assistant Administrator and to
provide improved managerial support for OPRM's component offices.
PROGRAM INTEGRATION; PROJECT
1981 ftccomp 11 shments
In 1981, with $162,800 for the Salaries and Expenses and 0.8 permanent work-
years, this staff developed an Integrated framework for toxics control which con-
tained three alternative but Interrelated approaches (industry, chemical, and geo-
graphic).
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$4,978,900 S2, 500,000
The net increase of +52,500,000 results from several actions, as follows:
MS-54
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" Reorganization. (+$4,978,900) The Office of Planning and Evaluation
was eliminated and Its resources were distributed through the Office of
Policy and Resource Management.
" ^programming. (-$12,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$12,000.
- Congresslonal Act1pns. (-$3,944,800) The Congressional earmarked Sal*
aries and Expenses reduction to Planning and Evaluation Contracts -$500,000
was applied to this activity in final action on our 1982 Appropriation
Bill.
An additional reduction of -$3,444,800 was applied to the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Author1 ty. (+$1,477,900) This transfers the resources from
multi-media Energy Env1ronmental Processes and Effects to fully fund the
contracts for the Program Integration Project.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $2,500,000 and 17.1 permanent
workyears to this activity, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses. These re*
sources are used to focus on the Industry and geographic methodologies formulated
in 1981. The Agency's senior management is now evaluating the Individual ap-
proaches in order to Identify those aspects of each approach which require further
refinements. Both approaches are being extended to cover ecological effects and
will analyze the statistical validity of other aspects of the models developed in
1981. The geographic approach 1s being refined to enhance its usefulness to
State and local governments.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,667,000 and 21.0 permanent workyears for
this activity, all of which Is for Salaries and Expenses. This represents an in-
crease of $1,167,000 and 3.9 workyears from 1982. This increase will allow the
Program Integration Project to support the Implementation of specific industrial
and geographic Integration programs based upon the approaches developed in
1981 and 1982 -- and which will contain policy directions affecting many of EPA's
program activities.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1981 Accomplishments '
In 1981, with $2,583,700 and 56.3 permanent workyears, the Office of the Comp-
troller (OC) redesigned, Implemented and directed the Agency 1n new procedures for
and approaches to the formulation of the Agency's budget.
1982 Explanation of Changes fromJanuary Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,293,800 $2,293,800
The net Increase of +$2,293,800 results from the following action:
- Reorganization. (+$2,293,800) The Office of Resources Management has
been eliminated and its resources distributed to this newly established
office In the Office of Policy and Resource Management.
MS-55
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1962 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $2,293,800 and 48.4 workyears, all of which
is for Salaries and Expenses. With these resources, the Office of the Comptroller
continues to improve its analytic bas^jfor the projection of outlays. To support
budget development, OC is implementing'management improvements in the budget pro-
cess and reviewing and improving the Agency's workload models and activity pric-
ing analyses. The Comptroller also provides special analyses to support top
Agency management in effective decision-making regarding key resource and policy
issues.
1983Program Request
The Agency requests $2,063,500 and 45.0 permanent workyears for 1983, all of
which is for Salaries and Expenses. This represents a decrease of $230,300 and
3.4 workyears from 1982, and reflects savings resulting from management Improve-
ments made in the budget process during 1982. With these resources, the Office
of the Comptroller will direct the planning and budgeting process used by top man-
agement to resolve major policy and resource allocation issues for the 1984 bud-
get process, provide resource analysis, information and assistance to all head-
quarters and Regional management offices, and conduct analyses of resource trends
to provide a better link between planning, budgeting and resource use.
POLICY ANALYSIS
1981Accompli shments
In 1981, with $7,300,100 and 37.7 permanent workyears, this office developed
(with the General Counsel) and implemented (with the Office of'Enforcement Policy)
the steel stretch-out policy, performed the first cost-benefit analysis of a major
regulation (steel effluent guidelines), coordinated and followed up on the auto-
mobile relief package, improved procedures for Issuing permits, and conducted a
major study of the cost-effectiveness of EPA's air and water regulations.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$9,233,800 $7,616,900
The net increase of +$7,616,900 results from several actions, as follows:
* Reorganization. (+$9,233,800) The Office of Planning and Evaluation
was eliminated and its resources were distributed through the Office of
Policy and Resource Management.
" Reprograjping. (+$6,900) During the development pf the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net Increase of +$6,900.
- Cpngressipnal Actions. (-$1,623,800) A reduction of -$1,623,800 was
applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally
mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $7,616,900 and 37.5 permanent workyears to this ac-
tivity, all in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In 1982, the Office of
Policy Analysis (OPA) is focusing on regulatory reform which is consistent with
the Administration's overall economic revitalization program. Our efforts in-
clude; identifying opportunities for regulatory relief through the revision of
specific existing regulations; restructuring whole programs to make them more
MS-56
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responsive; and ensuring that program offices develop regulations in which the
marginal benefits accrued exceed the marginal costs imposed.
OPA's activities to identify the most cost-effective regulatory approaches
fan into four general categories: (1) cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness anal-
ysis as required by Executive Order 12291 (for all major regulations); (2) stra-
tegic studies examining the effects of all EPA regulations (combined) on major in-
dustries; (3) development of major regulations; and (4) other special studies and
services.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $8,433,000 and 32.1 permanent workyears, all in the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $816,100 and a
decrease of 5.4 workyears from 1982. In 1983, the increase in extramural funding
will allow OPA to introduce improvements in the Agency's regulatory development
process, as mandated by Executive Order 12291.
In 1983, OPA will increase its efforts in cost-benefit and regulatory impact
analysis and continue its efforts to demonstrate and quantify the benefits associ-
ated with an additional 8-10 major regulations, thereby increasing OPA's knowledge
in this area and improving EPA's ability to develop and deliver more economical
regulations.
In support of regulation development, OPA will conduct analyses of major reg-
ulatory changes resulting from amendments to the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts.
OPA will coordinate regulation development across similar programs (such as RCRA
and Superfund for hazardous wastes). OPA will continue Its strategic studies
which examine the cumulative impacts of EPA's regulations on major industries
(e.g., chemicals, trucks, lead).
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, with S3,145,900 and 21.3 permanent workyears, the Office of Stan-
dards and Regulations (OSR) prepared the Information Collection Budget which con-
tained, for the first time, all Agency information burdens imposed on the public.
OSR developed initial policy guidance to Implement the Regulatory Flexibility Act
and made revisions in the regulation development process to accommodate the new
requirements of Executive Order 12291. It reviewed 20 major and 200 nonmajor
rules. OSR Incorporated the bubble-emission trading policy into the Agency's air
pollution control strategies.
1982 Explanation of Changes fram^January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3,546,300 $3.201,100
The net Increase of +$3,201,100 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reorganization, (+$3,546,300) The Office of Planning and Evaluation
was eliminatedand Its resources were distributed through the Office of
Policy and Resource Management.
- Reprograircnlng. (-$50,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$50,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$295,200) A reduction of -$295,200 was applied
to the Salaries""1 arid Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
MS-57
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1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $3,201,100 and 31.2 permanent workyears to this ac-
tivity, all of which Is for Salaries and Expenses. OSR will review four major
Agency data collection activities and make recommendations to reduce the reporting
burden and Improve the practical utility of Information collected. OSR will co-
ordinate reviews of existing rules to ease the burden on small business and
Issue detailed operating guidance to the public. OSR will Improve the quality
and efficiency of the Agency's Internal review process as well as provide techni-
cal/statistical policy oversight of the Agency's regulations under review. OSR
will develop a "bubble" approach to water regulation; Institutionalize the envi-
ronmental auditor concept; and prepare a strategy for indirect offsets.
1983 Program Request
In 1983 the Agency requests $3,574,000 and 29.3 permanent workyears, all In
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an Increase of $372,900
and a decrease of 1.9 permanent workyears from 1982. This level of resources
will allow OSR to continue to reduce excessive paperwork burdens of EPA regula-
tions through the application of sound statistical methods and rigorous Indepen-
dent analysis. The review of existing rules and policies will be a continuing
activity in 1983, OSR procedural improvements will focus on early and meaningful
State involvement 1n the rule development process. OSR will institutionalize In-
direct offsets, implement fully the water bubble program, and lead efforts to de-
velop reform Initiatives In the pesticides program.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AMD EVALUATION
1981 Accomp'l 1 shments
The Agency obligated $1,328,700 and 19.3 permanent workyears, all In the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation in 1981. With these resources, the Office of Man-
agement Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) designed an Agency-wide accountability sys-
tem for the Administrator and two specialized, program-specific tracking programs.
OMSE also completed a full study of the State-EPA process and the Agency's dele-
gation status. Regulations governing procurement were revised, and an analysis
of the need for continuous compliance by air pollution sources was completed.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,555,300 $2,033,000
The net increase of +$2,033,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reorganization. (+$1,555,300) This office was created as the result of
the stimfnation of the Office of Planning and Evaluation and the Office of
Resources Management.
" Deprogramming. (+$589,600) The Agency-wide reprogramming provided re*-
sourcesto establish an accountability function in the Office of Manage-
ment Systems and Evaluation and, in addition, provided additional resources
for the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. (This reprogramming was Included 1n a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
- Cpngressional Actions. (-ST11,900) A reduction of -$111,900 was applied
to the SITaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
MS-58
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1982 Program
The Agency 1s allocating $2,033,000 and 35.4 permanent workyears to this ac-
tivity 1n 1982, all of which 1s 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. OMSE
is completing five evaluations on Agency-wide Issues and monitoring Implementa-
tion of changes resulting from earlier studies. Work continues on a comprehen-
sive delegation policy and on efforts with various programs to encourage the de-
velopment of State capabilities to administer delegated programs. OMSE provides
other analytic and planning services to programs charting long-term goals and
activities and undertakes initial Implementation of the Administrator's accoun-
tability system tracking Agency program commitments. Through the accountability
system, OMSE helps evaluate Agency performance and Identifies need for corrective
action.
19B3 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,155,100 and 36.2 permanent workyears, all
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an Increase of 0.8
permanent workyears and $122,100 from 1982 to fully fund anticipated salary needs
in 1983. This level of funding will allow OMSE to complete the development of an
Agency strategic plan for program delegation to the States, which reflects the
Agency's new role of providing necessary practical tools and methods and capacity
building assistance. OMSE will ensure the development of issue-specific strategic
plans (such as the analysis and projection of demand for laboratory services and
assessment of the private sector's ability to meet that demand), prepare the Agen-
cy Operating Year Guidance, and coordinate the Agency's review and comment on the
General Accounting Office reports that deal with EPA programs and activities.
Through the new Management Systems Division, OMSE will expand its efforts to:
(1) pursue the design and implementation and refinement of an accountability sys-
tem for the Administrator; (2) conduct specific In-depth quality assurance reviews
of programs to assess reasons for failures to fulfill the goals and objectives
agreed upon In the accountability system; (3) through the adaptation of proven
private sector strategic planning techniques, support the planning and decision-
making process used by top management; and (4) promote the adoption of baseline
measures for environmental improvement to assess performance and help guide the
Agency's allocation of resources toward programs which help provide the greatest
return in terms of environmental results.
OFFICEQF LEGISLATION
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, with 5597,900 and 12.6 permanent workyears, the Office of Legisla-
tion (OL) reviewed legislative suggestions from the program offices for consis-
tency with the Administrator's overall goals and policies and recommended to the
Administrator a package of legislative amendments to be pursued in 1982 and 1983.
In addition, OL handled 81 hearings and associated testimony, and submitted 9 leg-
islative proposals.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January BudgetEstimate
January torch Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
5738,200 $667,300
The net Increase of +$667,300 results from several actions, as follows:
' Reorganization. {+$738,200) The Office of Legislation was dismantled
and its resources split between two newly established Offices of Legislation
and Congressional Liaison.
MS-59
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(-$9,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprograinmings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net decrease of -$9,000.
- Congressional Actions. (-$61,900) The Congressional earmarked reduction
to the Office of Legislation was a total of 5130,000 and -$61,900 in final
action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill applied to this program in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $667,300 and 16.1 workyears to this office,
all of which was for Salaries and Expenses. OL provides leadership and support
for special working groups established within the Agency to draft legislative in-
itiatives in key areas. It ensures that testimony, drafting of legislation, and
reports on pending and passed legislation will be performed in a timely fashion.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $835,900 and 15.5 permanent workyears, all in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $168,600 and a decrease
of 0.6 workyears from 1982. The increase in funding will allow OL to draft tes-
timony, legislation, and reports on legislation. In addition, OL will be under-
taking formal oversight responsibilities for all statutorily mandated reports
from the Agency to Congress, and coordinating any new legislative initiatives.
MS-60
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MANAGEMENT £ SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Admlnlstrati[on
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
198E 1982 1982 1983 VS 198Z
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
01
Program Management
Office of
Administration
Salaries * Expenses
Financial * Grants
Management
Salaries * Expenses
Contracts Management
Salaries & Expenses
Personnel
Administration
Salaries S Expenses
Occupational Health 8
Safety
Salaries 8 Expenses
Facilities 8 Support
Services
Salaries ft Expenses
$920.9
$6,050.0
$1,030.8 $1,666.0 $2,188.2 $522.2
$6,446.1 $6,588.5 $6.482.2 -$106.3
$6.441.7 $6,685.5 $6,308.5 $6,670.7 $5,508.0 -$1,162.7
$6,075.7 $6,778.4 $6,349.0 $5,430.1 $4,596.2 -$833.9
$714.5 $558,0 $542.2 $539.0 $441.7 -$97.3
$6,713.7 $6,535.2 $6,768.1 $5,946.0 $4,463.1 -$1,482.9
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?
MANAGEMENT 4 SUPPORT
Agency Management ;
Office of Aifcilnlstratlon
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Other Management
Services
Salaries * Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Office of
Administration TOTAL
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$6,728.6 $6,919.7 $6,251.5 $6,995.2 $5,258.3 -$1,736.9
$33,645.1 $27,476.8 $33,696.2 $33,835.5 $28,937.7 -$4,897.8
$33,645.1 $27,476.8 $33,696.2 $33,835.5 $28,937.7 -$4,897.8
Program Management
Office of
Administration
Financial & Grants
Management
Contracts Management
Personnel
Administration
Occupational Health &
Safety
12.0
162.0
166.1
146.0
9.5
182.6
142.4
10.0
7.3
160.4
172,6
128.4
10.0
22.0
147.6
155.6
123.1
9.2
31.0
146.0
9.0
-1.6
131.0 -24.6
106.4 -16.7
8.0
-1.2
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MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
in
I
Of
OJ
Occupational Health I
Safety
Facilities 4 Support
Services
Agency Management
Office of A4n1 nl strati on
Facilities S Support
Services
Other Management
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKVEARS
TOTAL WORKfEARS
Program Management
Office of
Administration
Financial S Grants
Management
Contracts Management
Personnel
Administration
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE «
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
207.5 191.4 166.4 150.9 140.6 -10.3
149.0 173,5 157.5 140.7 112.6 -28.1
852.1 699.9 802.6 749.1 675.6 -73.5
22.1 19.7 35.6 43.0 7.4
213.3 209.5 195,6 185.1 -10.5
203.7 211.3 201.3 184.9 152.5 -32.4
226.5 256.7 242.7 222.6 147.8 -74.8
9.7
251,8
10.0
225.8
10.0
200.8
9.2
184.2
8.0
-1.2
162.6 -21.6
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1/1
I
8
MANAGEMENT « SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 ₯S 1982
Other Management
Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS
190.3 208.0 192.0 175.4 137.1 -38.3
1,117.4 911.8 1,076.0 1,007.5 836.1 -171.4
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,937,700 of Salaries and Expenses funds and
675.6 permanent workyears for the Office of Administration 1n 1983, a decrease
of $4,897,800 and 73.5 permanent workyears from 1982. This reduction reflects
savings in administrative overhead consistent with this office's overall workyear
reduction.
Program Description
The Office of Administration (OA) performs Agency-wide management and support
functions and provides administrative services to headquarters and the Research
Triangle Park and Cincinnati field facilities, except for Superfund activities.
The Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall direc-
tion for all OA activities as well as Agency-wide policy regarding administrative
and support activities. There are three organizational components within the Of*
flee of Administration under the Assistant Administrator. The Office of Fiscal
and Contracts Management is responsible for the Agency's financial accountability,
contracts administration and grants management. The Office of Personnel and Or-
ganization provides services in the areas of personnel administration and organi-
zational analysis and administers the Agency's occupational health and safety pro-
gram, The Office of Management Information and Support Services provides data
processing and library management, facilities acquisition and management, and
general supporting services. A brief description of each of the program elements
included in OA follows.
Program Management - Offi|ce of Adjnlnistratton This program element con-
si sts~cnrtnTTJ$si!rE^|fntpnnstralbTrsnrame37ate~ Office which provides service
delivery oversight, planning functions, and performs all of the budgeting and re-
source management activities within OA.
FinancialandGrants Management -- This program Includes financial management
at headquarters and nbri-Regl onalfield offices, Agency-wide grants policy and
headquarters grants management.
Contracts Management This program element provides resources to award and
administer contracts and small purchases.
Personnel Administration This element provides personnel policy guidance,
Agency-wide and personnel services such as staffing, classifying, and training to
headquarters and non-Regional field offices.
Occupational Health and Safety This element includes the Agency's occupa-
tional health and safety program, designed to maintain safe working conditions
and to protect the health of our employees.
Facilities and Support Services This program element provides resources
for facilities acquisition, maintenance, and management; audiovisual and print-
ing operations; personnel security and property maintenance and protection; and
management of the nationwide support, headquarters support, and buildings and fa-
cilities accounts.
Other Management Services Included in this program element are: the Man-
agement Information and Data Systems Division which provides data processing ser-
MS-65
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vices and centralized information systems development; the Library Systems Staff
to maintain the Agency's libraries; the Management and Organization Division re-
sponsible for Agency-wide management analysis and directives management; and the
Immediate Offices of the Directors of the Office of Personnel and Organization,
the Office of Management Information and Support Services, and the Offices of Ad-
ministration at Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - OFFICE OF ADMIMISTRATIpM
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, with $920,900 and 12.0 permanent workyears, the Immediate Office of
the Assistant Administrator initiated plans to consolidate all of the analytical,
long-range planning, administrative and budgetary resources of the Office of Ad-
ministration (OA) into the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Administration. This centralized strategic planning force supervised financial,
grants, and contracts management; computer, facilities, and support services; and
personnel and organizational direction. Specialized staffs were responsible for
the long-range planning activities in these areas, for improving service delivery,
and for management of the OA budget. Me also undertook a major audit resolution
effort that cleaned up 97% of all outstanding audits over six months old.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,030,800 $1,666,000
The net increase of +$1,666,000 results from several actions, as follows:
^ (+$1,030,800) This reorganization transfers the resources
froi"thIerOf?fce'°"!bf Planning and Evaluation and the Office of Planning and
Management to reflect the establishment of the Office of Administration and
the Office of Policy and Resource Management.
- Reprogramming. (+$783,600) A reprogramral ng of +$840,200 is for the pur-
pose of transferring analytical and budget functions from the operating of-
fices in order to consolidate these tasks In the Assistant Administrator's
Immediate office. (This reprogrammi ng was included in a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net decrease of -$56,600.
- Conjressipnal Action. (-$148,400) An additional reduction of -$148,400
was applied to the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressional -
1y mandated appropriation levels.
3.982 Program
In 1982. the Agency is allocating $1,666,000 and 22 permanent workyears to
this program. Me are overseeing action on several priorities within the Office of
Administration: improved contracts and grants management, cost reduction and con-
tainment strategies, better financial management, initial ADP consolidation, cap-
ital asset management, position management planning, and improved service deliv-
ery. In addition, we anticipate improved services and efficiencies to result from
the consolidation, in 1982, of the OA's administrative, budgetary, analytical,
and long-range planning resources.
MS-66
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198_3 Program Request
The Agency requests $2,188,200 and 31.0 permanent workyears for this program.
This Increase of $522,200 and 9.0 permanent workyears will allow OA to complete the
consolidation of administrative, budgetary, analytical, and long-range planning
resources in the AA's Immediate Office. This level of funding will provide senior
management direction to oversee the development of new and more efficient ways of
providing Agency services. These resources will provide senior management support
for OA Initiatives to control duplicatlve fund control activities in the program
offices (through further automation of these services); centralize EPA's Informa-
tion management systems; detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse of federal
funds; strengthen cash and credit management; and provide guidance and stimulation
to grant and contract regulation simplification efforts. In addition, this of-
fice will continue to manage the overall cost reduction programs and evaluate
EPA's utilization of capital assets.
FIHANCIAL AMD GRANTS .MANAGEMENT
1981 Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, resources obligated were $6,050,000 and 162.0 permanent workyears,
of which $570,000 was for an interagency agreement for computer services required
for operation of the Financial Management system. In 1981, we tightened our moni-
toring of the cash management process, resulting in the reduction of outstanding
cash commitments. We identified areas susceptible to abuse, such as long distance
telephone use. and publicized the monitoring of these areas. Me developed new
grant procedures which encourage competition for assistance projects and should
improve the scientific quality of our research. We also explored options to make
the grants delivery mechanisms more flexible and efficient, thus producing in-
creased benefits for the States' environmental programs.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,446,100 $6,588,500
The net increase of +$6,588,500 results from several actions, as follows:
" Reorganization. (+$6,446,100) The Office of Resources Management has
been eliminated and its resources distributed to this newly established
Office of the Administration.
(+$236,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$236,800 to
this activity.
- Congressi onal Acti ons . (-$94,400) An additional reduction of -$94,400
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet the Congres-
sionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program ;
The Agency Is allocating $6,588,500 and 147.6 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $450,000 is for financial management computer services. Me are
installing an automated financial control system based on computer prevalidation
of available funds for spending actions which will interact with other Agency re-
source systems. Me are implementing an automated travel information system which
provides better management of travel dollars and serves as a basis for the Agency
to make a more equitable distribution of its travel ceiling. We are revising our
reporting systems so that information can be provided In a form useful to Agency
line managers.
-------
In the grants area, we are undertaking projects to consolidate and simplify
EPA's grant programs and are providing administrative and technical assistance to
EPA Regional and headquarters offices and grantees. We are reforming our grant
regulations to eliminate unnecessary requirements and red tape. We are introduc-
ing a pilot program to consolidate and simplify the administrative handling of
State grants. The results of these activities Mill be saved resources, clearer
accountability, and simplified, more efficient communication with State and local
governments.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $6,482,200 and 146.0 permanent workyears for this pro-
gram, a decrease of $106,300 and 1.6 permanent workyears which reflects antici-
pated workload reductions. Of the request, $490,000 is for financial management
computer services. We will develop and provide guidance for management and
grantees on the revised (simplified) regulations developed In 1982. We will pro-
vide Increased automated services to further eliminate duplicative fund control
activities in program offices. We will consolidate our financial dispensing
points throughout the Agency. Through further automation, we expect to reduce
paperwork within the financial management area by as much as 25%, We will devote
resources to managing the Agency's audit coordination function. This will include
identifying and tracking all audit exceptions from point of Issue to final resolu-
tion.
CONTACTS MANAGEMENT
1981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, resources obligated were $6,441,700 and 166.1 permanent workyears.
We processed 2,400 contract awards, totalling $324 million, and 19,200 purchase
order actions for $26.2 million. The level of competitive contract awards re-
mains one of the highest for any federal agency, at 82%. We instituted a require-
ment for top level program approval of major contract plans and expenditures, and
Integrated or consolidated similar contracts to avoid duplicative efforts. We
began integrating our automated Contracts Information System with the Financial
Management System.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,685,500 $6,308,500 $6,670,700
The net decrease of -$14,800 results from several actions, as follows:
~ March. (-$377,000) This change represented a decrease of
$377,000 from the January budget.
- Reprogrammlng. (+$388,800) Resources were reprogrammed to fully fund
worlyearsTn contracts and other management services, resulting in the
elimination of the Special Employment Group and Cooperative Student programs.
These programs were eliminated consistent with our reduction 1n other- than-
permanent workyears. (This reprogrammlng of +$372,300 was included in a let-
ter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net Increase of +$16,500.
Congressional Actions. (-$26,600) A reduction of -$26,600 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
MS-68
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1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $6,670,700 and 155.6 permanent workyears to this pro-
gram. With these resources, we expect to award 2,100 contract actions, totalling
up to $300 million, and 21,700 purchase order actions, totalling $33.1 million. We
are implementing streamlined contracting procedures which will expedite Contract
processing. Also, we have begun projects to automate the procurement and small
purchase systems at headquarters and Research Triangle Park, resulting In greater
efficiency and shorter processing time. We are continuing to negotiate overhead
rates with EPA contractors and grantees In support of our own operations and Of-
fice of Management and Budget Circular A-87 (regarding Indirect costs for State
and local governments). We also continue to participate with the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget in the Implementation of the Federal Acquisition Regulations.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $5,508,000 and 131.0 permanent workyears for this pro-
gram. Reductions of $1,162,700 and 24.6 permanent workyears reflect an antici-
pated decrease in contract workload. We anticipate awarding 1,700 contract ac-
tions, totalling up to $250 million, and 17,400 purchase order actions for $29
million. Key objectives will be Increased productivity and task simplification
in contracts processing and administration, further automation of the procurement
system, and the institution of a project officer training and certification pro-
gram that will aid in producing more understandable requests for procurements
against which our vendors bid.
PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION - HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accomplishments
The 1981 resources obligated in this program Included $6,075,700 and 146.0
permanent workyears. These resources were used to conduct routine personnel func-
tions and to respond to special initiatives, which Included assisting line man-
agers in workforce planning and position management. This program also upgraded
labor relations activities, Implemented the Agency Performance Management System
(PMS), and reinstated the personnel management evaluation system.
During the past year, the labor-Management Relations staff established new
policies and procedures and was directly involved in unit certification questions,
representational elections, grievances, arbitrations and mediations. PMS policy
development and training were completed, and all Senior Executive Service (SES)
employees and 488 of the 3,014 designated merit pay employees were converted to
PMS in October, 1980. We developed policy and procedural guidance for operating
personnel offices to use in conducting self-evaluations, and we completed a full-
scale, on-site Agency review of one Regional personnel office.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Esjtjjhate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,778,400 $6,349,000 $5,430,100
The net decrease of -$1,348,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- January -March. (-$429,400) This change represented a decrease of
$429,400 fromthe January budget.
- Reprogramiiilng. (-$868,800) Resources were reprogrammed to fully fund
workyears in contracts and other management services, resulting In the elim-
ination of the Special Employment Group and Cooperative Student programs.
These programs were eliminated consistent with'our reduction in other-than-
permanent workyears. (This reprogramtning of -$868,100 was Included in a
letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
MS-69
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During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
gramnvings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted In a net decrease of -$700,
- Congressional Actions. (-$50,100) A reduction of -$50,100 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 .Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating $5,430,100 and 123.1 permanent workyears to
this program. At this level, the Personnel Management Division Is meeting statu-
tory and programmatic requirements which Include: processing staffing, classifica-
tion and other personnel/payrol1 actions; maintaining basic personnel programs in-
cluding employment and training policy, labor and employee relations and personnel
program evaluation; conducting an executive development program for SES candidates
and assisting in workforce planning and leading position management studies. Ad-
ditionally, we are completing implementation of a performance appraisal system for
General Schedule employees and Initiating efforts to make the personnel system,
primarily the Performance Management System, more accomplishment-oriented 1n order
to Improve personnel planning and productivity throughout the Agency.
1983ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $4,596,200 and 106.4 permanent workyears, a
decrease of $833,900 and 16.7 permanent workyears, to accomplish four major objec-
tives in 1983: (1) to assure effective workforce planning and position manage-
ment; (2) to maintain a positive and strong labor relations program to deal effec-
tively with EPA unions; (3) to assure efficient and effective administration of
the Performance Management System mandated by the Civil Service Reform Act; and
(4) to maintain a viable program review, evaluation, and analytic capability to
assure that EPA personnel policies and programs meet the needs of the Agency.
Our personnel management services will meet statutory and programmatic re-
quirements. We will consolidate the Personnel Management Division's special pro-
grams and external employment activities to utilize resources more effectively;
reduce personnel staffing and classification capacities to reflect reduced Agency
staffing; and target training and executive development programs to strengthen
Agency management.
OCCIJPATI ONAL HEALTH AMD SAFETY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, $714,500 and 9.5 permanent workyears were obligated to this program.
With these resources, the Office of Occupational Health and Safety staff developed
and implemented programs which were the basis for all Agency occupational health
and safety efforts. These Included developing job hazard analyses and providing
training to Improve and guide employees in the safe and healthful performance of
their duties; managing the headquarters safety programs; responding to field situ-
ations where EPA employees were faced with threats to the public health; developing
an automated system to handle management Information needs for accident and medical
data reporting; promulgating Agency health and safety directives; and inspecting
and evaluating all EPA occupied facilities.
T9S2 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$558,000 $542,200 $539,000
The net decrease of -$19,000 results from several actions, as follows:
MS-70
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- March. (-$15,800) This change represents a decrease of $15,800
from the January budget, which resulted in a slight reduction of health-
related contracts.
- ^ongressi onal Acti ons . (-$3,200) A reduction of $3,200 was -applied to
the Salaries and fexpenses appropriation to meet Congressional ly mandated
levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $539,000 and 9.2 permanent workyears to
this program. The Occupational Health and Safety staff is developing industrial
hygiene standards for laboratory operations to meet the special missions and needs
of the Agency. We are Increasing our safety programs for those EPA employees who
face serious safety and health threats. Our training and education efforts empha-
size the delivery of specialized training to meet the unique needs of our employ-
ees. We also are strengthening our medical monitoring activities, which include
pro-employment, pre-placement, and fitness medical evaluations, to protect indi-
vidual workers and co-workers. And we are continuing our efforts to inspect
and evaluate EPA facilities.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $441,700 and 8.0 permanent workyears for this
program, a decrease of $97,300 and 1.2 permanent workyears. This will enable us
to maintain the health and safety program at its current level for a reduced Agen-
cy workforce and respond to new and unique situations that may endanger employee
health and safety.
FACILITIES AND SUPPORT SERVICES
1981 Accompli shments
In 1981, the resources obligated to this program were $6,713,700 and 207.5
permanent workyears. With these resources, the Agency provided general office
and building services and initiated a number of cost containment programs designed
to reduce expenditures and maximize the efficiency of existing headquarters ser-
vices and nationwide costs.
1982 Expl anati on of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$6,535,200 $6,768,100 $5,946,000
The net decrease of -$589,200 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (+$232,900) This change represented an Increase of
$232,900 from the January budget.
" fePr.^PJJIl'LllR' (-$818,100) A reprogramming of -$347,000 from this pro-
gram provTdMfbr resources to meet requirements for increased FTS telephone
costs within the Nationwide Support Costs program. The Facilities and Sup-
port Services account contains resources for communications which are appro-
priate for payment of FTS charges.
A second reprograirrniing of -$200,000 1s to fully fund workyears 1n contracts
and other management services, resulting in the elimination of the Special
Employment Group and Cooperative Student programs. These programs were
eliminated consistent with our reduction in other than permanent workyears.
A third reprogramming was for the purpose of transferring analytical and
budget functions from the operations offices 1n order consolidate these
MS-71
-------
tasks In the Assistant Administrator's immediate office (-$30,000). (These
reprogramraings totalling -$577,000 were included in a letter to Congress
on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
gramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net decrease of -5241,100.
~ Conores s i onal Acti on s . (-$4,000) A reduction of -$4,000 was applied to
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated ap-
propriation levels.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $5,946,000 and 150.9 permanent workyears to Facili-
ties and Support Services in 1982. We are continuing major cost containment ef-
forts in three operational areas (mail, telecommunications, and copying/duplicat-
ing); implementing nationwide management/user accountablity systems to collect
better user data and to permit full job costing and consistency .in the delivery
of services; completing implementation of an umbrella support services contract
at headquarters; realigning and consolidating nationwide space holdings to better
utilize the Agency's resources; consolidating all Washington area personnel from
Crystal City and the Fairchild (Marfair) Building into Waterside Mall; improving
working conditions at Waterside Mall through an aggressive facilities maintenance
management and inspection program; and maximizing utilization of contractor re-
sources through improved contract and project management.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,463,100 and 140.6 permanent workyears.
This decrease of $1,482,900 and 10.3 permanent workyears is consistent with the
overall reduction in Agency workyears. We will complete efforts begun in 1932
to control Costs while maintaining the overall current level of basic services
in telecommunications, mail, space managment, and facilities engineering and con-
struction. In addition, the level of headquarters contract and project manage-
ment will be improved, resulting In more cost effective use of contract dollars
and enhanced delivery of services.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1981 Accompl i ahments
In 1981, $6,728,600 and 149.0 permanent workyears were obligated to this
program. Accomplishments for each of the many activities included in this program
element are enumerated below.
The Management Information and Data Systems Division (MIDSD) assisted program
offices in planning new ADP systems and managed major application systems includ-
ing the Personnel Management Information System and the Hazardous Waste Data Man-
agement System.
The Management and Organization Division (MOD) provided in-house management
consulting services to senior program and staff officials, conducted studies and
evaluations of Agency management systems and practices, and advised the Adminis-
trator on appropriate actions to take regarding reorganization.
Library system support and services were provided at headquarters. Research
Triangle Park, and Cincinnati.
MS- 72
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
56,919,700 $6,251,500 $6,995,200
The net increase of +$75,500 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$668,200) This change represented a decrease of
$668 ,.200 f font the J anuary budget.
" ReprP9'"j"ia1ng. (+$776,400) A reprogramnring of -5277,000 from this pro-
gram was for the purpose of transferring analytical and budget functions
from the operations offices in order to consolidate these tasks in the Assis-
tant Administrator's Immediate office.
A second reprogramming of $525,800 Into this program 1s to fully fund
workyears 1n contracts and other management services, resulting in the elim-
ination of the Special Employment Group and Cooperative Student Programs.
These programs were eliminated consistent with our reduction in other-than-
premanent workyears. (These two reprogrammi ngs totalling +$248,800 were in-
cluded in a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net Increase of +$527,600.
* C pngres s 1 on a j Actions. (-$32,700) A reduction of -$32,700 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congress ionally mandated
appropriation levels-
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $6,995,200 and 140.7 permanent workyears to this pro-
gram in 1982. This level of resources enables these programs to maintain all es-
sential services at or above 1981 levels. Major emphasis during 1982 is on organi-
zational consolidations (particularly of the ADP resources), reorganizations, and
on cost reduction and containment in those services provided.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,258,300 and 112.6 permanent workyears to
support this program In 1983, a decrease of $1,736,900 and 28.1 permanent work-
years. The decrease results from savings realized through the consolidation of
AOP activities and of libraries, the transfer of budgetary and administrative re-
sources to the AA's Immediate Office, and the anticipated reduction in workload
based on the Agency's 1983 staffing level. These resources will support ADP ac-
tivities such as management of EPA's data center facility Including computer
equipment, software packages and the telecommunications network, and maintenance
of those systems which are essential to the Agency's mission. We will provide ADP
planning and systems design assistance to program offices, targeting our resources
toward high priority systems. Major emphasis will be placed on improving the com-
patibility and efficiency of the Agency's automated systems, and the development
of a prototype office automation system. The consolidation of all ADP activities
under the Office of Administration will constitute the major ADP activity, result-
ing in increased efficiency 1n the delivery of ADP services throughout the Agency.
The Management and Organization Division's (MOD) analytic efforts win con*
tinue to provide organizational analysis and consulting services to senior program
officials in the development and control of Agency organizations, systems and prac-
MS-73
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tices. MOO will continue to seek cost effective improvements to major Internal
processes and systems and assist Agency managers fn the administration of forms.
The review procedures for Agency actions and the Agency directives system will be
modified completely to reflect the need to eliminate ineffective and/or needlessly
costly systems.
Library systems and services will include: basic loan and reference ser-
vices; completion of a single, automated catalog of Agency library holdings; and
provision of rules, hearing records, comments on Agency rule-waking, and publica-
tions in response to requests from the public. Library procurement activities
will be centralized and the Information Clearinghouse will be maintained and
operated as a reference service for EPA information managers,
HS-74
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Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
Regional Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
Planning, Evaluation
8 Analysis
Salaries 8 Expenses
Financial Management
(Regions)
Salaries 8 Expenses
Personnel Management
(Regions)
Salaries 8 Expenses
Administrative
Management (Regions)
Salaries 8 Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Regional Management TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$10,084.1 $11,506.7 $9,798.5 $9,234.8 $9,087.0 -$147.8
$3,189.3 $5,187.7 $4,462.9 $4,081.2 $4,646.2 $565.0
$2,216.9 $2,442.9 $2,261.9 $2,401.6 $2,433.7 $32.1
$2,618.6 $2,936.7 $2,724.2 $2,746.3 $2,764.1 $17.8
$5,746.9 $5,939.9 $5,516.5 $5,564.8 $5,398.2 -$166.6
$23,855.8 $28,013.9 $24,764.0 $24,028.7 $24,329.2 $300.5
$23,855.8 $28,013.9 $24,764.0 $24,028.7 $24,329.2 $300.5
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MANAGEMENT ft SUPPORT
Regional Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation
& Analysis
Financial Management
(Regions)
Personnel Management
(Regions)
Administrative
Management (Regions)
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
233.2 224.0 171.0 171.1 140.3 -30.8
87.7 140.2 116.2 108.1 94.2 -13.9
80.5
80.4
150.2
632.0
88.8
93.8
82.9
86.8
84.8
82.4
73.8 -11.0
80.6
-1.8
161.8 152.8 147.9 137.1 -10.8
708.6
609.6
594.3
526.0 -68.3
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation
S Analysis
Financial Management
(Regions)
301.2 304.4 249.4 247.0 200.0 -47.0
99.5 146.6 122.6 114.4 95.2 -19.2
94.8
100.0
94.0
98.9
81.8 -17.1
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MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Regional Management
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1901 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Personnel Management 104.6 112.6 105.6 101.2 98.7 -2.5
(Regions)
Administrative 191,2 200.5 191.6 186.2 168.3 -17.9
Management (Regions)
TOTAL WORKYEARS 791.3 864.2 763.2 747.7 644.0 -10J.7
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,329,200 of Salaries and Expenses and
526.0 permanent workyears 1n 1983, an Increase of $300,500, but a decrease of
68.3 permanent workyears from 1982. This decrease reflects savings In adminis-
trative overhead consistent with the Regions' overall workyear reductions.
Program Description
This component covers the salaries and expenses of the Regional Administra-
tors, their immediate staffs, and the staff offices reporting directly to them.
Additional activities supported here include Regional central management func-
tions of program planning, analysis, and evaluation; financial and personnel
management, and administrative services.
RegionalManagement This unit provides for the Regional Administrators
and their Immedl"are'"staffs, as well as the basic staff functions of civil rights,
public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental activities.
Planning, Evaluation, and Analysis Resources 1n this program element pro-
vide anaTy?Tcsu^pTrT^K~fhTT?e^7onaT~Admin1strators to assure the efficient and
effective operation of EPA Regions. Support activities include Regional planning,
budgeting and management and reviews of regulations from the Regional perspective.
FinancialI Management This program element provides for the Regional of-
fices' financial accounting activities.
Personnel Management These resources provide basic personnel services 1n-
cludlng staffing, classifying, and training to the Regional offices.
Admini stratiye Management This group of activities provides service 1n
the areas of mlnl-computer systems management, library support, safety, security,
printing and copying, facilities management, small purchases, and other similar
administrative functions.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $10,084,100 and 233.2 permanent workyears, all
of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This program provided
support for the Regional Administrators and their Immediate staffs, as well as the
basic staff functions of civil rights, public affairs. Congressional and inter-
governmental activities.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$11,506,700 $9,798,500; $9,234,800
The net decrease of -$2,271,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-51,708,200) This change represented a decrease of
$1,708,200 from Ihe January budget, which reflected reductions 1n the
following functional areas: Public Awareness, Congresssional Liaison, and
Intergovernmental Relations. Additionally, the Interagency Regulatory
Liaison Group and Minority Business Enterprise/External Compliance func-
tions were reduced.
MS-78
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g* (-$526,900) During the development of the operating
pi an, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not repOrtable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+5526,900.
- Congressional Actions. (-$278,800) An additional reduction of -$278,800
was applied to the SaTaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$242,000) The net increase applied to this
activity includes an increase of +$242,000 to Salaries and Expenses to
fund necessary operating expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,234,800 and 171.1 permanent
workyears to this function, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Basic press services and media relations activities are being main-
tained as well as policy guidance and executive direction for the Region as a
whole. Reorganization studies are being undertaken to improve internal manage-
tnent control and increase functional effectiveness.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,087,000 and 140.3 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reduction of $147,800 and 30.8 permanent workyears is commensurate with reductions
in Agency resource levels. Basic functions such as press services, civil rights
activities, and Congressional /Intergovernmental activities will be maintained
at reduced budget levels through streamlined organizational structures and staff-
ing patterns.
PUNNING EVAIUATION AND AMAIYSIS - REGIONS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $3,189,300 and 87.7 permanent workyears to de-
velop and implement new budget and planning systems and to redesign Regional pro-
cesses and organizations consistent with the Agency-wide reorganization. These
resources supported the evaluation of Agency oversight procedures for the Water
Quality, Drinking Water, NPDES, and Pesticides programs. The Regions implemented
an "environmental results-oriented" planning and tracking system and conducted an
analysis of the status, trends, and barriers for the delegation of 11 EPA programs
to the States and territories- Twenty-one major analytic projects requested by
Regional managers were completed.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,187,700 $4,462,900 $4,081,200
The net decrease of -$1,106,500 results from several actions, as follows:
* *?a?"?ry.;* Mai"Ch- (-$724,800) This change represented a decrease of
$724,too from the January budget.
" Reprpgramming. (+$71,700) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi seel 1 aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$71,700.
MS-79
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- Congressional Actions. (-$462,600) An additional reduction of-$462,600
was applied to theSalaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
al ly mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$9,200) The net increase applied to this activity
includes anIncrease of +$9,200 to Salaries and Expenses to fund operating
expenses.
1982Program
The Agency is allocating $4,081,200 and 108.1 permanent workyears to this ac-
tivity in 1982, all of which is 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources are being used to design and Implement the Regional component of the Ad-
ministrator's new accountability system and to manage organization studies to ad-
just the Regions to projected program, policy, and resource changes. The Agency
is also implementing procedures designed to expedite permit Issuance in the Re-
gions. Twenty-six special analyses which are currently underway are being com-
pleted.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $4,646,200 and 94.2 permanent workyears, all of which are
1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, to conduct the planning, evaluation,
and analysis functions in the ten Regional offices. This represents an increase
of $565,000 and a reduction of 13.9 permanent workyears from 1982. The workyear
reduction reflects elimination of the State-EPA agreement coordination function.
The 1983 request level will allow Regional Administrators to effectively and
efficiently manage their Regions by providing sound analysis concerning Regional
policy, process, and resource management. In 1983, the Regions will continue to
emphasize accountability reports, program evaluation, economic analysis, and im-
provement of Regional planning, analytic and management capabilities.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, resources included $2,216,900 and 80.5 permanent workyears to pro-
vide basic accounting, payment processing, and payroll support activities. During
1981, EPA launched an aggressive cash management monitoring system throughout its
Regional accounting offices which has strengthened significantly our billing and
collection practices. The Regional Financial Management program completed the de-
sign phase of a system of fund control and prevalidation to compare obligations
with budget data.
1982 Explanationof Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
$2.442.900 $2,261,900 $2,401,600
The net decrease of -$41,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$181,000) This 'change represented a decrease of
5181,000 from the January budget.
- Reprogramnilng. (+$166,100) During the development of the operating
pi an, several miscellaneous reprogramni ngs, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net Increase of
+$166,100.
MS-80
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- Congressional Actions. (-$34,100) An additional reduction of -$34,100
was appl i eel to the Sal an' es and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sTonally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$7,700) The net Increase applied to this activity
Includes an increase of +$7,700 to Salaries and Expenses to fund operating
expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $2,401,600 and 84.8 permanent workyears to
this program. With these resources, Financial Management-Regions is strengthen-
ing the automated financial control systems, installing an automated system for
prevalidation of available funds for spending actions, and implementing an in-
ternal control system to improve EPA's defense against the misuse of federal re-
sources. The program also is ensuring that billing and collection activities
meet the President's commitment to cash management.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $2,433,700 and 73.8 permanent workyears for this program,
an increase of $32,100 and a decrease of 11 permanent workyears. The decrease in
workyears reflects anticipated workload reductions. With these resources, this
program will continue to provide all basic accounting, payment processing, and
payroll support activities, and we will increase resources for audit coordination
and follow-up activities In the Regional finance offices. This will Include
tracking of all audit exceptions from point of issue to final resolution. Efforts
will continue to detect abuse of federal funds, strengthen credit management to
ensure timely and economical collection of all monies owed EPA, and Implement an
Agency-wide data integrity assurance program to provide timely, complete, and ac-
curate financial reports.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1981Accomplisnments
The 1981 resources obligated to this program Included $2,618,600 and 80.4
permanent workyears. The Regional personnel offices provided basic personnel ser-
vices which Included processing staffing actions, classification actions, pay-
roll/personnel actions, and training requests. The Regional offices used dele-
gated examining authorities, from the Office of Personnel Management, for making
appointments to clerical, mid-level, and scientific positions. The offices re-
sponded to new Initiatives required by the Civil Service Reform Act 1n the areas
of Performance Management and Merit Pay. Each Region worked closely with head-
quarters and their own line managers In workforce planning and position management
efforts. Strong support was provided as all Regions reexamined their organiza-
tional structures and developed new, more streamlined operations. Labor relations
efforts included negotiations and consultations with employee unions. The Federal
Equal Opportunity Recruitment Program for the Regions was implemented through
existing recruitment channels.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,936,700 $2,724,200 $2,746,300
The net decrease of -$190,400 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$212,500) This change represented a decrease of
$212,500 from theJanuary budget, which reflected a reduction in training
activities.
MS-81
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(+$43,700) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$43,700.
- Congressional Actions. (-$38,400) An additional reduction of -$38,400
was appl led to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congres-
sionally mandated appropriation levels.
. Authority. (+$16,800) The net increase applied to this activity
i ncllide s an 1 ncrea se o f +$16,800 to Salaries and Expenses to fund operating
expenses.
1982 Program
During 1982, the Agency is allocating $2,746,300 and 82.4 permanent workyears
for this program. Regional personnel offices continue to: process staffing,
classification, and payroll /personnel actions, and training requests; provide Per-
formance Management System training for all General Schedule employees; conduct
day-to-day mandatory, non-discretionary labor relations activities; provide train-
Ing programs for supervisory and management personnel; carry out effective work-
force planning; undertake position management studies to assist management 1n es-
tablishing effective organizational structures; and provide special emphasis pro-
grams.
1 983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,764,100 for Salaries and Expenses and 80.6
permanent workyears to conduct Regional personnel functions In 1983. This is an
increase of $17,800 anJ a decrease of 1.8 permanent workyears. With these re-
sources, the Regional personnel offices will: process staffing, classification,
and payroll /personnel actions and training requests; carry out mandatory, non-
discretionary labor relations activities; provide effective workforce planning;
and conduct training and special emphasis programs to support the Agency's 1983
Regional workforce.
ApHINISTjRATiyE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1 981 Accompl 1 shments
The 1981 resources obligated for this program Included $5,746,900 and 150.2
permanent workyears. This provided Regional administrative support in the follow-
ing areas: administrative information systems, minicomputer systems, ADP ser-
vices, library support, safety, security, purchasing, property, supply, mail,
space management, printing, copying, facilities management, word processing,
records management, and contracts management.
1962 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,939,900 $5,516,500 $5,564,800
The net decrease of -$375,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-$423,400) This change represented a decrease of
$423,400 from the January budget, which resulted 1n a slight decrease in
administrative services to the Regional programs.
- Reprogramming. (+$208,000) During the development of the operating
pi an , several mi seel 1 aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+$208,000.
MS-82
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- Congressional Actions. (-$224,100) An additional reduction of -$224,100
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$64,400) The net Increase applied to this activity
includes an increase of +$64,400 to Salaries and Expenses to fund operating
expenses.
1982Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,564,800 and 147.9 permanent
workyears to Regional administrative support activities. These resources are be-
ing used to provide the services discussed above.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,398,200 for Salaries and Expenses and 137.1
permanent workyears for 1983. The decrease of $166,600 and 10.8 permanent work-
years from 1982 results from reductions in the areas of property and supply manage-
ment, In-house computer processing, In-house printing and copying support, tele-
communications, and space management. We will Improve the quality and cost effec-
tiveness of Regional administrative services.
MS-33
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Support Services
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
s
Nationwide Support
Salaries & Expenses
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries ft Expenses
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Automated Data
Processing Support Costs
Salaries 4 Expenses
Professional Training
Salaries S Expenses
Lab Support
Office of Research 4
Oevelopment
Salaries & Expenses
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Support Services
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$37,303.2 $45,011.0 $41,210.4 $41,562.3 $46,406.0 $4,843.7
$22,636.4 $32,659.1 $23,893.7 $22,067.2 $27,024.6 $4,957.4
$11,928.5 $11,750.7 $11,002.3 $11,291.4 $13,350.4 $2,059.0
$18,870.1 $20,771.0 $20,771.0 $18,310.9 $17,362.2 -$948.7
$226.9 $550.0 $523.3 $423.3 $502.3 $79.0
$4,535.,8 $5,071.0 $4,693.8 $4,239.7 $4,710.4 $470.7
-------
MANAGEMENT ft SUPPORT
Support Services
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1982 1982 1982
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
Lab Support
Office of Air, Noise
S Radiation
Salaries « Expenses
Lab Support
Office of Pesticides
& Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Support Services
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,230.4 $1,673.0 $1,409.1 $1,409.1 $2,178.5 $769.4
$136.8
$141.1
$141.1
$151.4
$10.3
$96,868.1 $117,333.8 $103,644.7 $99,445.0 $111,685.8 $12,240.8
$96,868.1 $117,495.8 $103,644.7 $99,445.0 $111,685.8 $12.240.8
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Services
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $111,685,800 of Salaries and Expenses funds
for support services in 1983, an increase of $12,240,800 from 1982 that will al-
low the Agency to meet rising rent, telephone, and utility costs.
Program Djsj;rjptjqn - x
The Agency support service component provides funds for general support to
all Agency programs except Superfund. Programs under support services are:
Nat i onwi de Support Agency-wide costs for the following support functions:
f . ac i 1 i ties rental a nd as soc i at ed costs; payments to the U.S. Postal Service; Fed-
eral Telecommunications Service (FTS); security investigations; reimbursements
to the Federal Employees Compensation Fund; payments to the Public Health Service
for personnel administration services for commissioned officers assigned to EPA;
and contracts for EPA's occupational health and safety program.
Headquarters Support Services -- Local office and building service costs for
headquarters and the f 1 el d of?i ces at RTP, North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Regional Support Services Local support costs such as utilities, telephone
equipment and service costs, and minicomputer operations for the Regional offices.
ADP Support Costs -- Resources to operate the Agency's computer processing
center at RTP. ""
Prof essi gnal Traini ng -<- Funds for Agency-wide training programs such as su-
pervisory management and performance management systems.
- PRO Resources to provide basic facilities and operations
^
and maintenance costs for ORD laboratories not in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina or Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lab Support -.. OANR Funds for basic facilities and maintenance costs to
support the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory, the Eastern Environmental Radia-
tion Facility, and the Las Vegas facility,
Lab S up port . » OPTS Basic facilities operations and maintenance costs for
the 1 aboratqr i es i n Belt svi 11 e, Maryland and Bay St Louis, Mississippi.
.NATIONWIDE SUPPORT
1981 Accompjishments
The 1981 resources obligated for this program included 537,993,800 for Sala-
ries and Expenses to provide Agency-wide support serv1ces_ including rent, mail,
Federal Telecommunications Service (FTS), security investigations, and other ba-
sic and necessary support for the Agency's workforce. In 1981, we began several
efforts to contain costs in the areas of telecommunications and mail delivery.
1982 ExiJlanatio^ of .£hi»ngg^^frojn ^January Biiidgjet. Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estljnate Estimate
545,011,000 $41,210,400 $41,562,300
The net decrease of -$3,448,700 results from several actions, as follows:
MS-86
-------
' ja"uj?ry. - March. (-$3,800,600) This change represented a decrease of
§3,800,600 from the January budget, which reflected reductions of support
services. This was directly related to the reduction in ftgency workyears
and to a slow down in the acquisition of additional office space.
" Peprogramming. (+$1,319,600) This reprogramrai ng provided for resources
to meet requirements for increased FTS telephone costs within the Nationwide
Support program. The Facilities and Support Services account contains re-
sources for communications which are appropriate for payment of FTS charges.
(This reprogramming of +$1,319,600 was included in a letter to Congress on
December 16, 1981).
- Congressional Actions. (-$967,700) A Congressional earmarked reduction
to this activity of -5870,000 was applied to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflecting final action on our 1982 Appropriation Bill.
An additional reduction of -$97,700 was applied to the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $41,562,300 for nationwide support. Sub-
stantial rate Increases for space rental, long distance telephones and postage
necessitated the additional resources in 1982. We are Introducing programs In
1982 (to be continued and expanded In 1983) to contain future nationwide costs
by establishing greater program accountability 1n service areas (e.g., mail and
telecommunications); promoting efficiencies and economies through service consoli-
dations; and promoting an improved, mutually .beneficial, .operating relationship
with the General Services Administration (GSA). In addition, in late 1982 we plan
to evacuate space at Crystal City and the Fairchild building and consolidate our
headquarters operations in Waterside Mall. We also will effect a 15% - 20% space
reduction In the Regions.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,406,000, an increase of $4,843,700 from
1982, As in 1982, this Increase reflects rapidly escalating, but mandatory na-
tionwide support costs which more than offset savings attained through cost con-
tainment strategies, internal financial controls, and reduced service require^.
ments. For instance, the savings in rent resulting from the space to be relin-
quished in late 1982 will be more than offset by the increase in rental costs of
the space retained.
SUPPORT SERVICES
1 981 Accompl i shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $22,636,400 for Salaries and Expenses to pro-
vide the following support services to all program operations at EPA headquarters,
RTP, North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio:
* Office and Building Services. This includes costs such as building mainten-
ance, telephone equipment and local, services, utilities, office supplies,
audiovisual, printing and guard service, and the rental, purchase, and
maintenance of equipment.
- ADP Technical Support. These funds provide the central ADP staff with con-
tractor support for systems development and evaluation and other technical
services required to support and control the Agency's ADP activities.
MS-87
-------
- Library Services. This funds library contract operations and provides for
the purchase of books and periodicals, literature searches, and information
retrieval.
In order to effect needed cost reductions for the 1981 budget, $2 million in
services were eliminated. This Included reducing weekend utilities and the number
of guards and their hours of duty, and eliminating all but essential printing and
audiovisual services.
1982 Explanation of Changesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$32,659,100 $23,893,700 $22,067,200
The net decrease of -$10,591,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$8,765,400) This change represented a decrease of
$8,765,400 from the January budget, which reflected cancellation of the
major ADP system aquisition projects that had been planned in accordance
with OMB Circular A-109.
~ ReprpgrammTno.. (-$1,319,600) This reprogramming provided for resources
to meet requirements for Increased FTS telephone costs within the Nation-
wide Support program. This account contains resources for communications
which are appropriate for payment of FTS charges. (This reprogramming of
-SI ,319,600 was included 1n a letter to Congress on December 16, 1981),
~ CongressionalActions. (-$506,900) A reduction of -$505,900 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,067,200 for Salaries and
Expenses to headquarters support costs. This decrease of $569,200 provides full
funding for basic services such as office supplies, telephones, utilities, equip-
ment rentals, facilities maintenance contracts, and scientific and technical pub-
lications.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,024,600 for Salaries and Expenses in 1983,
an increase of $4,957,400 from 1982. We have proposed a level of funding adequate
to continue basic headquarters support services at reduced staffing levels and to
provide for rate and cost increases. We will continue our effort begun in 1982
to contain these costs through strengthening internal financial controls.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
.1.981... Accompli shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $11,928,500 to provide a central fund in each
Regional office to purchase basic support services for Regional programs. These
services included: utilities, telephone equipment and local service costs, ofr
fice and laboratory facility and equipment maintenance, office supplies, printing,
duplicating, minicomputer and word processor operation, health units, ADP contract
support* and library operations and supplies.
MS-88
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1932 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estijna_te
$11,750,700 $11,002,300 $11,291,400
The net decrease of -$459,300 results from several actions, as follows:
- January - March. (-$748,400) This change represented a decrease of
$748,400 from the January budget, which reflected a reduction in the level
of Regional support services provided.
" Reprogramm1n|. (+$139,700) During the development of the operating
plan, several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net increase of
+$139,700.
- Congressional Actions. (*$363,100) A reduction of -$363,100 was applied
to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
- Transfer Authority. (+$512,500) The net Increase applied to this
activity includes an increase of +$512,500 to Salaries and Expenses to
fund essential operating support costs,
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,291,400 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation to Regional support. These funds will limit support
to only mandatory items, such as telephone service, utility, supply, printing,
equipment purchase, minicomputer operations, and minor office alterations costs.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,350,400 1n Salaries and Expenses, an in-
crease of $2,059,000 from 1982. This request reflects our proposed decreased
staffing levels and actions to reduce and contain costs. However, savings from
these actions will be offset by known cost increases. Funding will be provided
for all essential support services.
ADP SUPPORT COSTS
1981 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $18,870,100 in 1981 for the EPA National Computer Cen-
ter at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina to provide ADP machine services to
all Agency programs. These services are provided through contractor operation
of EPA owned and leased equipment. In 1981, we refined the budget process to re-
quire user organizations to budget for ADP services. This change, which trans-
formed timeshare service from a "free good" to one that competes for resources
within each user organization, 1s resulting in more judicious use of this service.
1982 Explanation ^of^Changes from January Bud|bt Estimate
January March Current
Estimate " .Estimate Estimate
$20,771,000 $20,771,000 $18,310,900
The net decrease of -$2,460,100 results from several actions, as follows:
- Reprogratrmlng. (-$450,000) A reprog ramming of -$150,000 is for the
MS-89
-------
purpose of transferring analytical and budget functions from the operations
offices in order to consolidate these tasks 1n the Assistant Administrator's
immediate office.
A second reprogrammlng of $450,000 transferred resources devoted to the
Interagency Agreement (IA6) with Parklawn Computer Center from ADP Support
to the Financial Management Division (-$450,000). (These two reprogrammlngs,
totalling -$600,000 were included in a letter to Congress on December 16,
1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous re-
programmings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this acti-
vity and resulted in a net increase of +$150,000.
- Congressipnal Acti ons. (-$2,010,100) An additional reduction of $2,010,100
was applied to the salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congression-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating $18,310,900 to provide ADP timesharing ser-
vices. This amount reflects a stabilization of computer capacity and the absence
of some non-recurring cost expenditures 1n 1981.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,362,200 from Salaries and Expenses, a de-
crease of 5948,700 from 1982. This decrease reflects anticipated efficiencies and
elimination of dupHcative systems that are expected to result from the planned
consolidation of Agency-wide ADP resources.
PROFESSIONALTRAINING
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $226,900 to provide for professional training
for EPA employees. This funded: Office of Personnel Management mandated super-
visory training; long-term training; Industry exchange programs; contractual
training courses for upward mobility, middle and supervisory management; executive
development; and technical training.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January
Estimate
March
Estimate
Current
Estimate
5550,000 5523,300 $423,300
the net decrease of -$126,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- March. (-526,700) This change represented a decrease of
$26,70U from the January budget to Salaries and Expenses.
- Congressional Actlpns. (-5100,000) An additional reduction of -$100,000
was applied to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to meet Congressi on-
ally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allocating $423,300 for professional training activi-
ties. With these resources, we are implementing the Seniqr Executive Service Can-
didate Program mandated by the Civil Service Reform Act.
MS-90
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1983 ProgramJRejuest
For 1983, the Agency requests a total of $502,300 from the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation, an increase of $79,000 from 1982. This request maintains
current professional training efforts.
LABSUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $4,535,800 for Salaries and Expenses for this
program activity. These funds provided for the basic facility operations and
maintenance costs required to operate ORD's remote laboratories (those not located
at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio). Services in-
cluded were telephones, utilities, janitorial and guard services, as well as
equipment and facilities maintenance.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,071,000 $4,693,800 $4,239,700
The net decrease of -$831,300 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. (-$377,200) This change represented a decrease of
$377,200 from"the January budget.
* Congresjilflnal Act ions. (-$454,100) A reduction of -$454,100 was applied
to the SaTirfes₯ridExpenses appropriation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,239,700 for Salaries and Ex»
penses to this program. The 1982 program Supports the same type of activities as
in 1981, since these services basic laboratory operations and maintenance --
are required on a continuing basis.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,710,400 for Salaries and Expenses for this
program. The Increase of $470,700 will cover increased utility, fuel, and main-
tenance costs, including costs deferred in 1982.
LAB SUPPORT AIR. NOISE ANDRADIATION
19811Accompl 1 shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $1,230,400. This activity supported the Motor
Vehicle Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Eastern Environmental Ra-
diation Facility in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Las Vegas facility in Nevada,
These funds provided for the basic facilisties operations and maintenance costs
necessary to support these laboratories. These costs included security, jani-
torial and maintenance services, utilities, GSA vehicles, supplies and materials,
and communications.
MS-91
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,673,000 $1,409,100 $1,409,100
The net decrease of -$263,900 results from several actions, as follows:
~ January - March. (-$122,800) This change represented a decrease of
$122,601) from the January budget.
- Restructuring. (-$141,100) A transfer of -$141,100 out of this program
into Lab support * Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances will fund
basic laboratory support expenses.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,409,100 to support these
three laboratories. The 1982 program supports the same type of activities as in
1981, as these services basic laboratory operations and maintenance are
required on a continuing basis.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,178,500 for Salaries and Expenses for this
activity. The Increase of $769,400 will fund laboratory support costs for the
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation and provides for conducting facility mainten-
ance deferred from 1982.
LAB SUPPORT -- PESTiCIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1981Accomp1Ishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $136,800 for Salaries and Expenses. These re-
sources provided the basic facilities operations and maintenance costs for the
laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. Services
provided in this activity included utilities, security, communications, rental
fees, warehouslngj custodial services, general facility maintenance, office
supplies, and building repair and maintenance.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$141,100 $141,100
The net Increase of +$141,100 results from the following action:
- Restructuring. ($141,500) A transfer of +$141,100 into this program
from the Lab Support - Office of A1r, Noise and Radiation will fund basic
laboratory support expenses. ;
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allocating a total of $141,100 from Salaries and Ex-
penses. The 1982 program supports the same type of activities as In 1981, since
these services basic laboratory operations and maintenance -^ are required
on a continuing basis.
MS-92
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1983Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5151,400 from Salaries and Expenses. This Is
an increase of $10,300 over 1982. These resources will provide for Increased
costs In utilities and communications, as well as to support continuing require-
ments for general maintenance and laboratory support.
MS-93
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Buildings and
Facilities
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
00
T
APPROPRIATION
Buildings « Facilities
TOTAL, Buildings and Facilities
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
*
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
New Facilities
Buildings S Facilities
Repairs S Improvements
Buildings S Facilities
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES TOTAL
ACTUAL
1981
$3,104.4
$3,104.4
$1,454.5
By virtue
$386.4
$2,718.0
$3,104.4
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
(DOLLARS
$6,646.0
$6,646.0
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
IN THOUSANDS)
$4,115.0
$4,115.0
$3,965.0 $3,700.0
of Appropriation Act.
$6,646.0
$6,646.0
$4,115,0
$4,115.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
$3,621.0
$3,621.0
$3,537.0
$3,621.0
$3,621.0
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1983 DECREASE -
1983 VS 1982
$3,000.0 -$621.0
$3,000.0 -$621.0
$3,559.0 $22.0
-
$3,000.0 -$621.0
$3,000.0 -$621.0
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BUILDINGS AMD FACILITIES
OVERVIEM ANDSTRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair, and Improvement of buildings occupied by EPA, whether federally-owned or
leased.
In 1981, EPA began an analysis of Its capital budget and facilities program
to ensure that Agency laboratories met health and safety standards for operations
and could handle safely the high-hazard samples gathered by hazardous waste site
Inspection and permitting activities under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act. The first phase of this analysis documented widespread health and safety de-
ficiencies 1n EPA laboratories. Including Inadequate ventilation, Insufficient
hazardous material storage areas, and a need for partial-containment areas In all
laboratories performing analytical chemistry. To correct these deficiencies, the
Agency deferred all essential maintenance other than emergency repairs, and can-
celled plans to upgrade laboratory capabilities In several locations. All uncom-
mitted funds from the 1981 Buildings and Facilities appropriation and the entire
1982 appropriation were earmarked to correct known health and safety deficiencies
and Install appropriate pollution control devices.
The second phase of the capital budget analysis will produce policies and
procedures to link more explicitly laboratory and other capital Investment plans
to EPA program requirements and to establish the appropriate balance between EPA
laboratory capacity and reliance on commercial and other non-EPA laboratories.
BF-2
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BUILDING AND FACILITIES
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Buildings and Facilities Program.. $3,621.0
The decrease reflects the Agency's qomple- -621.0
tton of health and safety projects conducted
1n 1981 and 1982.
1983 Buildings and Facilities Program.. ... $3,000.0
SUMMARYOF CHANGESTO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
(in thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate....... $6,646.0
January-March -2,531.0
Congressional Actions -494.0
A decrease of $494,000 to Buildings and Facili-
ties was taken against the March estimate to
reflect the September 12% reduction.
Current 1982 Estimate... $3,621.0
BF-3
-------
BUILDINGS AMD FACILITIES
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests $3,000,000 for 1983 in the Buildings and Facilities Appro-
priation, a decrease of $621,000 from 1982. This decrease 1s possible because
the Agency will complete most of Its health and safety projects 1n 1982.
Program Description
This appropriation covers the design and construction of new EPA facilities,
as well as necessary repairs and Improvements to buildings already occupied by
EPA, whether federally~owned or leased. The program contains the following two
program elements.
New Facilities - This Includes engineering and design services and construc-
tion costs of new, federally-owned facilities to be occupied by EPA or the expan-
sion of existing federally-owned, EPA occupied facilities.
Repairs! and Improvements - This covers major repairs and capital Improvements
to any Dull dings or fact11ties occupied by EPA. Most of these projects relate to
the correction of health and safety deficiencies, the prevention of serious deteri-
oration, or pollution control.
MEM FACILITIES
1981 Accoiaplishments . . .
In 1981, the Agency obligated $413,800 in this program element for the design
and construction of the P1ne Bluff Incinerator and additional work at the Gulf
Breeze Environmental Assessment Laboratory.
1982 Program
There are no funds allocated for this activity in 1982.
1983Program Request
No funds are requested for new facilities 1n 1983.
REPAIRSAND IMPROVEMENTS
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, with $2,718,000, the Agency began the bulk, of the repair and Improve-
ment projects undertaken to correct health and safety conditions or maintain pro-
perty. EPA began a major initiative to standardize all Agency fumehoods and to
bring existing substandard fumehoods Into compliance..
1982Explanation ofChangesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate , Estimate
$6,646,000 $4,115,000 $3,621,000
The net decrease of -$3,025,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" January - March. {-$2,531,000) The reduction of $2,531,000 represented
a deferment of all routine maintenance projects, such as repairs to roofs,
sidewalks, floors, and exterior building maintenance.
BF-4
-------
- Congressslonal Action. (-$494,000) A reduction of *$494,QOO was taken
against the March estimate reflecting the September 12$ reduction to the
Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This reduction will be accomplished
by cancelling or deferring repair and improvement items. These reductions
will be made to some preventive maintenance type projects and some health
and safety projects.
1982 Program
The Agency is allocating $3,621,000 to continue correcting health and safety
deficiencies and installing pollution control devices in EPA laboratories in
1982. This Includes projects to: upgrade fumehoods and ventilation, install
sewage disposal systems, provide safe storage for hazardous and toxic materials,
modify emergency exits, upgrade electrical systems, and modify or replace fire de-
tection systems. We are continuing the fumehood certification program this year.
Funds will be spent to reconfigure Waterside Mall to accommodate personnel
being moved in from Crystal City and the Fairchlld Building. The character of
the facility will be upgraded to provide reasonable working conditions. We will
defer other essential maintenance and program expansion projects originally
planned for 1982 pending the correction of health, safety, and pollution control
deficiencies and the reconfiguring of the Waterside complex.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $3,000,000 in 1983 for engineering, design and construc-
tion related to health and safety, preventive maintenance, and emergency repairs
at selected EPA facilities. This decrease of $621,000 is possible because the
Agency will complete most of its health and safety projects in 1982. We will con-
tinue the fumehood certification program, as well as reinstitute the preventive
maintenance program deferred In 1982. In line with reforms introduced in 1981
and 1982, this request earmarks funds for emergency repairs and engineering ser-
vices essential to the timely and effective obligation of buildings and facili-
ties funds. Also Included Is $750,000 for space planning, reconfigurations and
alterations associated with space reductions begun in 1982. JhIjLISSBl£Sii_JLD»
dJjlL^
~'~'
Expenses appropriation contafns~'ji!L~'fljnI^^
<--J3U- - ^- - - , - - -__!_£ - -
BF-S
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Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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CONSTRUCT Hit! l-RAHTS
ACTUAL
1981
JAMUAffY
ESTIMATE
19A2
MAUCH
ESTIMATE
1002
CUP.RDIT
ESTIIIATI.
1W2
ESTIMATE
1983
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1983 VS 19P.2'
(POLLARS I'l TilWlSAIIOS)
Appropriation
Obligations
Appropriation
Contract Authority
51,604,837.0
$3,941,567.1
(3,711,267.1)
(-2 30,-3 00. h)
$3,700,000.0
S2,400,00i].i) $2,400,000.0
$4,050,000.0 51,100,000.0 S3,4()'),4W.O $2,400,000.0 51,009,458.0
('1,'JfiO, 000.0} (1,100,000.0) (3,409,4!.«.0) (2,400,000.0) (1,009,458.0)
{...)( ... ) ( ... ) ( ... ) I ... )
Outlays
Appropriation
Contract Authority
Liquidation of Contract
-Authority
Authorization Levels
$3,881,172.7 $4,230,000.0 S3,840,000.0 $4,050,000.0 $3,350,000.0 -$700,000.0
(2,769,fi72.7) (3,030,000.0} (-2,640,000,0) (3,200,0(10.0) (2,950,000.0) (-250,000.0)
(1,111,300.'0) (1,200,000.0) (1,200,000.0) (050,000.0) (400,000.0) (-450,000.0)
SI,700,000.0 $1,000,00(1.f) -SI,000,000.0 51,000,000.1) ... -51,000,000.0
$5,950,000.0 $h,95()yOOO.O S2,400,000.0 52,400,000.0 $2,600,000.0 $200,000.0
Met obligations in 1981 are $300 million loss, and '".40ii i-iil lion less in
1982 an.1 19«3.
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ACTUAL
1981
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
ESTIMATE
1983
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1933 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Appropriation
Obligations
Appropriation
Contract Authority
$1,604,837.0 $3,700,000.0
$3,941,567,1
(3,711,267.1)
(230,300.0)
$4,950,000.0
(4,950,000.0)
$2,400,000.0 $2,400,000.0
$1,100,000.0 $3,496-.458.0 $2,400,000.0 $1,009,458.0
(1,100,000.0 (3,49ft,458.0) (2,400,000.0) (1,009,458.0
Outlays
Appropriation
Contract Authority
Liquidation of Contract
Authority
Authorization Levels
$3,881,172.7 $4,230,000.0 $3,840,000.0 $4,050,000.0 $3,350,000.0 -$700,000.0
(2,769,872.7) (3,030,000.0) (2,640,000.0) (3,200,000.0) (2.950,000.0) (-250,000.0)
(1,111,300.0) (1,200,000.0) (1,200,000.0) (850,000.0) (400,000.0) (-450,000.0)
$1,700,000.0 $1,000,000.0 $1,000,000.0 $1,000,000.0 ... -$1,000,000.0
$5,950.000.0 $5,950,000.0 $2,400,000.0 $2,400,000.0 $2,600,000.0 $MB8tW&*e-
* Net obligations In 1981 are $300 million less, and $400 million less In
1982 and 1983.
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
BudgetRequest
An appropriation of $2,400,000,000 is requested for 1983 for the municipal
construction grants program established under Title II of the Clean Water Act
(CWA), as amended. These amendments provide for more cost-effective targeting
of the municipal waste treatment construction grant program administered by the
Environmental Protection Agency. The amendments will reduce long-term expen-
ditures for capital investments, relieving the burden on the Federal Government
for financing projects that improve the environment marginally or not at all
without sacrificing our objective of cleaner water.
Obligations for 1983 are expected to total $2,400,000,000, a decrease of
$1,009,458,000 from 1982. This decrease is attributable to a decline in total
funds as a result of the reduction in carryover funds from one fiscal year to
the next. Outlays will decrease by $700,000,000 in 1983 to a total of
$3,350,000,000.
Program objectives through 1983 will be as follows: 1) to accelerate the
rate and level of delegation to the States; 2) to simplify and streamline regu-
latory requirements and propose legislative reforms where appropriate; 3) to
enhance the performance of grant-supported facilities; 4) to direct scarce funds
to projects which are affordable and offer the greatest potential for improve-
ment of water quality; 5) to improve the basis for project funding decisions to
assure that costs are adequately considered and minimized; 6) to minimize waste,
fraud, and abuse and ensure effective use of grant funds; and 7) to provide for
optimum program and financial management in cooperation with the .States, empha-
sizing results-oriented achievement of program objectives.
Progra'n DescrTptton
This program provides grants to municipal and intermunicipal agencies to
assist in financing the construction of cost-effective and environmentally sound
municipal wastewater treatment facilities. In addition, the program provides
funds to assist delegated States in carrying out their responsibilities to manage
the Construction Grants program and to assist them in carrying out water quality
management planning programs.
From its annual construction grants allotment a State may reserve four
percent or $400,000 to manage Its delegated activities, and one percent or $100,000
for water quality management planning,. The Act also requires that each State
set aside between four and seven and a half percent of its allotment to provide
incentives to communities to use innovative and alternative technologies in
constructing their wastewater treatment facilities; it also requires that States
having substantial rural populations set aside four percent of their funds for
projects in small communities. All grants for assisting in the development and
construction of wastewater treatment facilities are to be awarded on the basis
of a State's priority system which is designed to ensure improved water quality.
Prior to the 1981 amendments, projects were done in three stages with
separate grants awarded to a community for the planning (Step 1), design
(Step 2), and construction (Step 3) phases of each project. In order to make
the process more efficient, the 1981 amendment? eliminate the three step procedure
and provide that communities that have completed planning and design and are
awarded a grant for construction will receive an allowance to cover a portion of
the planning and design costs. Provision is also made for advances to enable
small communities, otherwise unable to finance such activities, to plan and
design projects. Other provisions designed to make the program more efficient
and cost-effective include the elimination of funding to construct reserve capa-
city. These provisions are expected to significantly decrease the Federal
Investment needed in the program.
CG-2
-------
The goal of the State management assistance grant program under Section
205(g) is to allow the States, rather than EPA, to assume responsibility for
day-to-day management of construction grants and other priority programs, and
under Section 205(j).. to provide essential support to water quality management
planning, the primary goal for use of Section 205(g) funds has been early
achievement of maximum delegation of construction grants project management to
States. The timing and extent of delegation and financial support to each State
depends on the State's ability to operate a construction grants program that
meets statutory objectives and requirements and EPA policy. A grant is provided
to a State when it can show that it is able to exercise effective management for
a substantial portion of program activities.
A total of 46 States are expected to have signed delegation agreements by
the end of 1983, with approximately 25 of the States fully del gated by that
time. EPA will continue to exercise significant project management responsi-
bilities in remaining nondelegated and partially delegated States and Terri-
tories. EPA is working with all States to increase the rate and level of dele-
gation and to ensure effective overall results-oriented program management.
With the continuing assistance of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in priority
construction management activities, EPA is restructuring its role from project
management to overall program management, State training, and State management
assistance.
EPA has established a detailed review process related to funding of advanced
waste treatment projects. This review ensures that such funding is strictly
limited to those situations where the higher level of treatment Is both necessary
to meet water quality standards and will be effective in meeting higher standards.
In accordance with Congressional directives, the Administrator is reviewing
all waste treatment projects involving treatment levels more stringent than
secondary, as defined, where the incremental cost of the advanced component is
greater than $3,000,000. The review of these projects will not be delegated to
the Regions, but will be performed by EPA staff in Headquarters; the Regional
Offices will be responsible for review of similar projects with an incremental
cost of less than $3,000,000. Agency resources for these activities are contained
in another program element.
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, Congress rescinded $1,700,000,000 in construction grants funds
to reduce Federal expenditures and to meet national economic objectives. Even
with the reduced availability of funds during 1981, awards in the construction
grants program totaled $3,941,567,000, and included 549 Step 1, 588 Step 2, 346
Step 2+3, and 616 Step 3 awards. This level of activity resulted in 11,934
active projects in various stages of planning, design, and construction by the
end of the year. The level of Federal outlays was $3,881,173,000, with 602
Step 3/2+3 projects completed during the year. Since 1973, a total of 3,795
projects have been completed and brought into operation, representing 45% of the
approximately 8,000 total awards for construction.
EPA initiated a number of legislative, regulatory, and administrative reforms
in 1981. Working with the States, EPA developed and submitted to the Congress
significant reforms in the construction grants program designed to reduce the
need for Federal funds and to provide a more cost-effective focus to the program
emphasizing water quality improvements.
These reforms, as passed by the Congress, provide for a more streamlined,
cost-effective program. Complementing the legislative reforms, EPA also developed
proposed revisions to regulations to simplify and streamline program admin-
istration and to provide much increased flexibility to States.
During 1981, progress also was made in accelerating the delegation of project
and program management responsibility to the States under Section 205(g) of the
CG-3
-------
Clean Water Act. Seven States signed delegation agreements, bringing the total
of States with signed agreements to 45. Of these States, a total of 12 were
considered to be fully delegated. As of the end of 1981, States were responsible
for 58 percent of the total program as represented by numbers of staff committed.
1982 Program
Based on the passage by Congress of necessary legislative reforms, the
Administration has requested funding at a level of $2,400,000,000. These
legislative reforms eliminate eligibility for low priority projects, scale down
future demand for Federal funds, and direct scarce funds to those projects
offering the greatest potential for water quality improvement.
With a supplemental appropriation at the requested funding level, 693
new awards are expected to total $3,409,500,000, This level of activity will
result in a total of 8,078 active projects by year end. This level of Federal
outlays, 34,050,000,000, will be the second highest annual total In the history
of the program. Including the 1,186 Step 3 construction projects completed and
brought into operation during the year, 55% of all grants for construction since
1973 will be completed.
Using resources reported elsewhere In this budget, EPA will 1n 1982 continue
to redirect program management to achieve results-oriented objectives in several
high priority program areas, Including municipal waste treatment facilities
performance. The States and EPA will emphasize the following: integration of
operations and management considerations in planning, design, and construction;
project affordability reviews (including use of innovative and alternative
technologies); project completions, audit resolution, and closeout; eliminating
waste, fraud, and abuse; accelerating the rate and level of State program dele-
gations; and meeting grants obligation and outlay projections.
Working with the Corps of Engineers, EPA will increase efforts to eliminate
project completion, audit resolution and project closeout backlogs and to prevent
and eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in the program. EPA will monitor Regional
and State management results in each of the priority areas, negotiate 1983 priority
and output agreements with States, and provide management assistance wherever
appropriate. Each delegated State is expected to establish in 1982 an ongoing
program management process to ensure results in each priority area.
1983 Program Request
At a proposed 1983 construction grants appropriation of $2,400,000,000, EPA
expects to award approximately 661 grants totaling $2,400,000,000. Including the
1,250 projects expected to be completed and brought into operation in 1983, 65%
of all Step 3/2+3 awards will have been completed. These funds will also support
construction grants management activities in 46 delegated States with estimated
obligations of $85,909,000, and water quality managment planning activities in
the States with estimated obligations of up to $24,400,000.
EPA does not assume any additional States will accept initial delegation
of responsibility in 1983, However, 25 currently delegated States are expected
to assume full delegation, an increase of 11 over 1982. With the exception of
statutory responsibilities for project management In nondelegated States and
Territories and in partially delegated States, EPA in 1983 will primarily
exercise the role of overall program manager.
The Agency will work with delegated States to define annual national program
priorities and objectives, monitor delegated State programs, and provide needed
management assistance. The Federal program will emphasize results-oriented
oversight of a limited number of high priority program activities where there
are direct financial, water quality, or public health concerns. EPA will work
to ensure that funded projects meet identified water quality and public health
needs; projects are affordable to the populations served; completed facilities
CG-4
-------
are operated and maintained effectively to meet design and effluent permit
requirements; facilities are completed, closed out, and brought on line as
quickly as possible; and that waste, fraud, and abuse in the program are prevented
and eliminated.
CG-5
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Superfund
SECTION TAB
-------
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-------
ACTUAL
1981
SUPERFUND
JANUARY
ESTIMATE
1982
MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
-n
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
TOTAL, Superfund
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Assessing A Replacing
Natural Resources
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Operations Support
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
$40,283.1 $250,000.0 $200,000.0 $190,000.0 $230,000.0 $40,000.0
$40,283.1 $250,000.0 $200,000.0 $190,000.0 $230,000.0 $40,000.0
67.3 635.0 503.0 503.0 516.4 13.4
75.3 730.0 584.0 584.0 592.2 8.2
$8,038.7 $164,000.0 $84,000.0 $117,743.0 $188,000.0 $70,257.0
By virtue of Appropriation Act, as authorized by Public Law 96-510.
$206,000.0
$7,850.0
$36,150.0
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SLIPERFUND
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 19B3 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance Response $250,000.0
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Non-Energy
Hazardous Substance Response $4*740.5
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance Response $4,740.5
Trust Fund
RESEARCH I DEVELOPMENT TOTAL $4.740.5
Super fund Enforcement
Hazardous Substance Response $2,457.1
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance Response $2,457.1
Trust Fund
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL $2,457.1
Management And Support
Superfund
Hazardous Substance Response $2,323.9
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance Response $2,323.9
Trust Fund
MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT TOTAL $2,323.9
$15,460.0 $13,877.1 $6,336.0 -$7,541.1
$15,460.0 $13,877.1 $6,336.0 -$7,541.1
$15,460.0 $13,877.1 $6,336.0 -$7,541.1
$15,210.0 $14,345.3 $15,328.5
$983.2
$15,210.0 $14,345.3 $15,328.5 $983.2
$15,210.0 $14,345.3 $15,328.5 $983.2
$29,150,0 $24,287.8 $15,326.0 -$8,961.8
$29,150.0 $24,287.8 $15,326.0 -$8.961,8
$29,150.0 $24,287.8 $15,326.0 -$8,961.8
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Ln
TI
CO
ACTUAL
1981
SUPERFUND
JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ' 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
Hazardous Substance Response $24,018.7
Trust Fund
USC6 011 Pollution
Fund
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Interagency Support
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
$6.742.9
$30,761.6
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE ACTIONS TOTAL $30,761.6
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$140,180.0 $137,489.8 $185,737.7 $48,247.9
$7,271.8 $7,271.8
$ $140,180.0 $137,489,8 $193,009.5 $55,519.7
$ $140,180.0 $137,489.8 $193,009.5 $55,519.7
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
Operations Support
Hazardous Substance
Non-Energy
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL
2.5
2.5
465.0
170.0
39.0
39.0
30.0
30.0
24.5
24.5
-5.5
-5.5
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SUPERFUND
Superfund Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
Management And Support
Superfund
MANAGEMENT « SUPPORT TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
._ Response Actions
71 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
* RESPONSE ACTIONS TOTAL
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
Operations Support
Hazardous Substance
Non-Energy
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT TOTAL
Superfund Enforcement
ENFORCEMENT TOTAL
Management And Support
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT TOTAL
ACTUAL JANUARY
1981 ESTIMATE
1982
22.6
22.6
3.0
3.0
39.2
39.2
560.0
170,0
3.2
3.2
24.3
24.3
3.7
3.7
MARCH
ESTIMATE
1982
162.0
162.0
80.0
80.0
222.0
222.0
39.0
39.0
188.0
188.0
95.0 '
95.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1982
162.0
162.0
89.0
89.0
222.0
222.0
30.0
30.0
188.0
188.0
104.0
104.0
ESTIMATE INCREASE
1963 DECREASE
1983 VS 191
165.9
165.9
81.9
81.9-
244.1
244.1
24.5
24.5
190.2
190.2
90.6
90.6
3.9
3.9
-7.1
-7.1
22.1
22.1
-5.5
-5.5
2.2
2.2
-13.4
-13.4
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SUPERFUND
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Hazardous Substance 44.1 262.0 262.0 286.9 24.9
Response Actions
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
RESPONSE ACTIONS TOTAL 44.1 262.0 262.0 286.9 24.9
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AMD STRATEGY
In 1983, the major emphasis of the Superfund program will be on the field
implementation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). This act, which was enacted by the Congress in December
1980, established for the first time a broad based and integrated program, In-
volving both Federal and State governments, to address the environmental prob-
lems posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and spills of hazardous materi-
als. The primary provision of the Act Itself Involves the establishment of
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. This fund, which 1s financed by a
combination of excise taxes levied on oil and chemical manufacturers and reven-
ues from the General Fund, provides funding over five years to carry out the
provisions of CERCLA.
The primary goal of the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund program
is to establish mechanisms for effective response to the release or threatened
release of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants that present an
imminent or substantial endangerment to public health, welfare or the environ-
ment. The two basic types of actions involved In this process are removal and
remedial actions. Removal actions are generally short-term responses taken to
abate an Immediate threat posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous sub-
stances at both sites and spills in all media. Remedial actions involve longer
term and more complex solutions at hazardous waste sites. In addition, remedial
actions are generally more expensive than those Involving removal measures.
While EPA has the primary responsibility for Implementing the removal and
remedial portions of the program, the Act provides a clear mandate for the Agency
to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the States In order
to carry out the Act. The National Contingency Plan provides the basic frame-
work for implementing the program in a timely and effective fashion.
The Environmental Protection Agency, 1n recognizing the complexity of
the Superfund program, will draw upon a wide variety of expertise throughout
the Agency and will continue to move forward 1n 1983 with a fully Integrated
effort involving five major functions. These functions are Hazardous Substance
Response, Enforcement, Research and Development, Management Support, and Inter-
agency support. The effective integration of these functions will Involve close
cooperation among various EPA offices with specific program responsibilities-
In 1983, the Hazardous Substance Response activities will be focused on
the containment and cleanup of the most serious hazardous waste emergencies and
the continuation and Initiation of remedial actions at uncontrolled sites pos-
ing the greatest threat to public health and the environment. This phase of
the response program will require continued participation by the States. To this
end, the Agency will continue to develop cooperative agreements and contracts
with States that are able and willing to carry out any or all of the remedial
response actions authorized by CERCLA. While the Federal government will retain
the power to determine when a remedial response action Is warranted, States
will be strongly encouraged to assume full responsibility for the actual on site
cleanup actions. Initial work at a large number of sites has already been initi-
ated by either EPA or the United States Coast Guard, in areas where it has geo-
graphical jurisdiction, States, and responsible private parties. Currently, over
10,000 sites have been identified; over 2,000 preliminary assessments have been
undertaken; and 1,200 on-site inspections have been completed.
The highest priority for the Hazardous Substance Response function will
continue to be effective response to major hazardous substance spills and
releases at hazardous waste sites. The Federal government can only respond to
the worst of these Incidents. Maintenance of it's response capabilities, there-
SF-6
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fore, requires close coordination between various Federal agencies and the
States. In many cases, the parties responsible for the incident are either
unknown or incapable of responding in a timely fashion. In addition, approp-
riate State and local entities are often unable to respond adequately, thus
leaving the Federal government with the responsibility for responding to the
immediate threat posed by these incidents.
In addition to emergency response actions, hazardous substance response
activities will continue to be focused on remedial actions at uncontrolled sites
posing the greatest threat to public health and the environment. The Agency, in
October 1981, published an Interim Priority List of the 115 most serious
sites based on relative risk to public health or the environment. Activities
required to be completed before actual remedial work can begin at a particular"
site include site inspections and preliminary assessments to determine If further
action is required, feasibility studies to assess the relative merits of various
remedial measures, and the actual design of the measure that Is finally selected.
These initial site investigation and planning activities require significant lead
time to complete, but are not particularly resource intensive when compared to
total site response costs. The 1983 program will still be heavily involved in
the completion of these preparatory activities. While the resources requested
for 1983 are less than the projected revenues available in the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund, the request is sufficient to support the program at this
stage of its Implementation. Implementation of the selected remedial alternative
will be undertaken at a total of 11 sites on the Interim Priority List 1n 1983.
Superfund research and development activities support the Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response, Regional Offices, States, and industry by resolving
those problems which inhibit the effective implementation of removal and remed-
-------
nology and other information and adapting it to uncontrolled hazardous waste
site situations.
Resources in the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund will be Inadequate
to support direct cleanup actions at all sites requiring response. Congress, in
recognizing this fact, provided the Federal government with the capability to
identify and, where possible, either compel cleanup by private responsible
parties in lieu of Federal response actions or recover Federal expenditures
incurred through cleanup actions when the responsible party or parties decline
to respond.
The Superfund enforcement program builds upon actions taken against uncon-
trolled hazardous waste sites under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). these actions are designed not only to compel private parties to assume
responsibility for their actions that have resulted in an imminent and substan-
tial danger to public health or the environment, but also to preserve Fund re-
sources so that the greatest number of sites can eventually be addressed.
EPA will continue to coordinate the activities of Its technical and legal
enforcement personnel with those of Department of Justice staff In order to
arrive at decisions on the most appropriate enforcement strategies to undertake
at particular incidents. The result of this approach will be the early Identifi-
cation and resolution of Issues as the case evolves.
In addition, the National Enforcement investigations Center (NEIC) in Denver
provides specialized assistance to the Agency's enforcement efforts. NEIC efforts
are concentrated on such activities as specialized investigatory assistance and
development of procedures for use In analyzing -field samples that are especially
hazardous.
In summary, enforcement efforts in 1983 will continue to be a major compon-
ent of the Agency's overall Superfund strategy. These efforts will continue to
be Integrated with hazardous substance response and research and development
activities. This will assure that the most effective methods are used to Identi-
fy and address, either through cleanup by appropriate governmental entities or
responsible parties, problems resulting from the uncontrolled release of hazard-
ous substances.
Management and support activities for the Superfund program are focused on
providing a fully integrated system of financial and administrative support
services. These activities are directed toward ensuring that the required level
of services is provided to the program In a timely and efficient fashion. The
five major activities contained In the management support function are adminis-
trative services, financial management, policy and resource management, .Inspector
General, and General Counsel.
Administrative services provide the centralized support for the Superfund
program. These services include personnel management, contracts negotiations
and administration, data systems management, and occupational health and safety.
Also included In this are funds for facility rental, Federal Telecommunications
Service, utilities, local telephone costs, and other support costs.
Financial management activities provide for the development of systems to
maintain financial records that accurately !reflect the financial condition of
the Fund and provide full accounting of all receipts and disbursements.
Policy and resource management activities support program implementation
through: statistical, technical, economic and financial analyses of regulations,
guidelines, policies and program activities; the development and implementation
SF-8
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of management tracking and accountability systems; and budget preparation, con-
trol, execution and evaluation.
The Agency's Office of General Counsel supports the Superfund program by
providing advice and consultation on financial and administrative matters such
as eligible uses of the Fund and legal support for the development and defense
of regulations. The General Counsel also provides advice to Superfund managers
and States in such matters as cooperative agreements for State agencies to ad-
minister the Superfund program for removal or remedial work, and for defensive
litigation arising out of Regional Superfund decisions.
The Agency's Office of Inspector General 1s responsible for determining
whether or not the Fund is being properly administered; preparing interim and
final Reports to the Congress; and conducting, supervising and coordinating
preaward, interim, and final audits of Superfund contracts and interagency
agreements.
In addition to requiring integration of the efforts of the various EPA
offices with program responsibilities, the Superfund program will require close
cooperation among various Federal agencies if the objectives of the program are
to be achieved.
In order to achieve this goal, Executive Order 12316, signed by the Presi-
dent in August 1981, requires that EPA assume responsibility for the manage-
ment of an interagency budget process for 1983 to provide the necessary re-
sources for effective support of field operations by other Federal agencies.
In accordance with the need to provide support for other agencies' activities,
funds will be provided In 1983 to several Federal agencies. These Include the
Departments of Justice, Health and Human Services, Transportation ana Commerce.-
These resources support their ongoing activities, as defined in either the Super-
fund legislation, the National Contingency Plan, or Executive Order 12316. EPA
has also been exploring alternatives that will take advantage of the construction
management expertise of the Army Corps of Engineers while still relying on the
private sector to perform all actual design and remedial construction work. EPA
intends to fund other agencies' site specific activities, Including any performed
by the Corps, through the use of Interagency agreements.
SF-9
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SUPERFUND
SUMMARY OFINCREASES AMD DECREASES
(in thousands of dollars)
1982 Superfund Program $190,000.0
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund..,. ., 440,000.0
The net Increase of $40,000.0 1s a result of In-
creased response activities at hazardous waste
sites and spills. The Increase of 555,519.7
for Hazardous Emergency Response Activities and
Interagency Support provide for Increased con-
tract funds for field response, laboratory anal-
ysis and support for other Agencies with re-
sponsibilities under the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). This 1s offset by decreases in pro-
gram support activities and research and devel-
opment.
1983 Superfund Program $230,000.0
SUMMARY OF CHANGESi TO JANUARY 1982 BUDGET ESTIMATE
{In thousands of dollars)
January 1982 Estimate $250,000.0
January-March. .... -50,000.0
Restructurl ngs -0~
Three program elements were restructured into
twenty-three program elements with no change
to the total program.
Congressional Actions -10,000.0
A reduction of $10,000,000 was applied to the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appro-
priation to meet Congressionally mandated
appropriation levels.
Current 1982 Estimate $190,000.0
SF-10
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SUPERFUND
Budget Current Increase +
Actual * Estimate Estimate Estimated Decrease -
Program Activities 1981 1982 1982 1983 1982 vs 1983
Hazardous Substance Spills-
Immediate Removal Actions 3 205 30 50 +20
Hazardous Substance Sites-
Immediate Removal Actions 30 50 45 30 15
Hazardous Substance Sites-
Planned Removal Actions - 18 15 30 + 15
Remedial Acti ons
Preliminary Assessments 1,650 10,000 8,000 2,000 - 6,000
Inspections 1,200 900 1,500 500 - 1,000
Investigations 120 300 300 100 - 200
Full-Field Investigations/
Feasibility Studies 23 65 42 56 +14
Designs 11 40 10, 20 + 10
Undertake Remedy 1 8 7 11+4
Assessing and Replgel ng NaturalResources
Damage Assessment
Notifications - 11 4 2-2
Reviews of Damage
Assessments - 11 4 2-2
Restorations - 2 1 1-1
* 1981 figures Include actions taken under the Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Program as well as from 1981 Hazardous Substance Repsonse Trust Fund resources.
SF-11
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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SUPERFUMD
Hazardous Substance Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE t
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CO
Tl
I
Scientific
Assessment
Hazardous Substance Response $107.1
Trust Fund
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Hazardous Substance Response $1,339.9
trust Fund
Environmental Engineering
ATechnology
Hazardous Substance Response $3,198.7
Trust Fund
Environmental
Processes 8 Effects
Hazardous Substance Response $94.8
trust Fund
$424.0 $407.7 $614.2 $206.5
$2,865.0 $2,658.2 $1,989.9 -$668.3
$11,150.0 $9,834.7 $3,499.4 -$6,335.3
$1-.021.0 $976.5 $232.5 -$744.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Non-Energy
TOTAL
$4,740.5
$4,740.5
$15,460.0 $13,877.1 $6,336.0 -$7,541.1
$15,460.0 $13,877.1 $6,336.0 -$7,541.1
-------
SUPERFUMD
Hazardous Substance Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
trt
-n
i
10
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Monitoring Systems 8 .9
Quality Assurance
Environmental Engineering 1.6
8 Technology
Environmental
Processes 4 Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 2.5
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Monitoring Systems 8 .9
5.0 3.8 2.5 -1.3
12.0 9.2 8.4 -.8
17.5 12.5 11.5 -1.0
4.5 4.5 2.1 -2.4
39.0 30.0 24.5 -5.5
5.0 3.8 2.5 -1.3
12.0 9.2 8.4 -.8
Quality Assurance
-------
I
"j*
SUPERFUMD
Hazardous Substance Non-Energy
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Environmental Engineering 2.3
8 Technology
Environmental
Processes & Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS 3.2
17 .5
4.5
39.0
12.5
4.5
30.0
11.5
2,1
24.5
-1.0
-2,4
-5.5
-------
SUPERFUMD
Hazardous Substance Non-Energy
Budget Request
the Agency requests a total of $6,336,000 and 24.5 permanent worfcyears for
1983, a decrease of $7,541,100 and 5.5 permanent mrkyears from 1982. This de-
crease represents the completion of several engineering and environmental pro-
cesses projects required to support Initial Superfund Implementation efforts.
ProgramDescription
Superfund research and development activities are designed to support the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Regional Offices, States and Industry
by resolving those problems which inhibit the effective and efficient Implementa-
tion of removal and remedial actions. For Instance, many existing technologies,
such as those used in the construction Industry, wastewater treatment, and spill
cleanup, may be applicable to uncontrolled waste sites. However, before these
technologies can be applied, they must first be tested, their cost and effective-
ness determined, and limitations understood. Similarly, field response personnel
must be in a position to rapidly identify and accurately measure the hazardous
wastes they are confronted with, as well as be in a position to rapidly assess
the risks involved to the surrounding population and ecosystems.
Because of these and other potential operational problems, Superfund research
and development activities are systematically designed to meet the short-term
objectives of:
- Providing the necessary tools and methods for sampling analyses, labora-
tory analyses, quality assurance and remote monitoring to discover and
characterize hazardous wastes from removal and remedial actions;
- Providing the necessary tools to field response personnel to determine
the potential ecological effects of hazardous substance spills and
releases from uncontrolled waste sites;
- Providing evaluations of the hazard potential from substances released
from spills and uncontrolled waste sites; and
- Providing engineering guidance to Federal, State and local officials
in the Immediate response to spills of hazardous substances; field
evaluations of equipment and technologies for on-slte treatment and
destruction of hazardous wastes, leachates and contaminated groundwater;
evaluating and assessing the most cost-effective technologies for perform-
ing remedial actions at uncontrolled sites.
Because Superfund is also legislatively designated a 5-year program, emphasis
Is not being placed on research per se, but on taking "off-the-shelf" technology
and other Information and adapting it to uncontrolled hazardous waste site
situations.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1981 Accompl 1 shtnents
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $107,100 and no permanent workyears
for this program, all of which was funded under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund.
This program provided a capability to evaluate and otherwise identify the
type and degree of health hazards associated with uncontrolled waste sites and
disposal options. Health hazard expertise was applied to the Agency's revision
SF-15
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of the National Contingency Plan. The majority of outputs In 1981 Involved
providing documentation and justification to the Agency of the existence of
health hazards from a toxlcity and exposure perspective 1n several enforcement
and other site specific situations.
1982 Explanation of Changes from JanuaryBudget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
... $424,000 5407,700
The net Increase of +5407,700 results from several actions, as follows:
- Restructuring. (+5424,000) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance Response, this program element was created.
- Reprogramnring. (-516,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscel 1 aneous reprogramnrings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to, this activity and resulted In net decrease of -516,300.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is alloting a total of 5407,700 and 3.8 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which is funded under the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.
This program will continue to provide an array of health hazard, toxiclty,
and exposure Information to headquarters and Regional office activities assoc-
iated with chemical and site specific uncontrolled waste site problems. Since
Information on the type and degree of likely health hazards Is very basic know-
ledge to many Superfund initiatives, the following services and outputs are
being produced: health sunmaries and criteria for minimum reportable quanti-
ties of spilled substances; health profiles for preliminary site evaluations;
full health and risk assessments with exposure data for high priority waste
sites and preparation of a comprehensive health assessment methodology which
identifies the myriad of existing procedures that should be employed and princi-
ples that should be followed when assessing the hazards of uncontrolled sites.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $614,200 and 2.5 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is funded under the Hazardous Substances Response
Trust Fund. This reflects an Increase of $206,500 and a decrease of 1.3 per-
manent workyears, which will Increase the nunber of risk assessments completed
though extramural efforts.
This program will continue to support the Agency's statutory requirements
by providing evaluations of the hazard potential of substances released from
spills and uncontrolled waste sites. This objective will be achieved by providing
information on the acute and chronic toxlcities of identified compounds in order
to select the best safety measures for protection of cleanup crews as veil as to
determine acceptable residual levels (extent of cleanup).
More specifically, the Agency will Increase its anphasis in this program by
providing an array of health hazard assessment expertise and documentation to
support the Agency's need to prioritize and document hazard potentials at various
uncontrolled sites. Health summaries will be prepared to support Agency criteria
for minimum reportable quantities; health profiles will be provided to aid In
the preliminary evaluation of uncontrolled sites; and comprehensive health
hazard and risk assessments will be prepared to address the need for in-depth
health hazard Information for pre- and post-remedial .situations. The preparation
SF-16
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of a comprehensive health assessment methodology begun in 1982 will be completed
and made available for Agency use.
Although the Agency uses health assessments for predictive purposes, the
assessments will also be useful 1n helping the Department of Health and Human
Services conduct clinical Investigations to verify the existence of adverse
human Impacts as required under the Superfund provisions.
MONTI PRIMS . SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $1,339,900 and .9 permanent workyears
for this program, all of which was funded under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund.
- A comprehensive quality assurance program has been Initiated to evaluate
contractors involved 1n the site program.
- In an effort to meet the demand for an Agency capability, a contractor
operated laboratory 1s being established to standardize sampling and
analysis procedures of field samples and complex samples taken by Regional
field teams.
A comprehensive program to monitor air quality 1n and around sites has
been started. The task Includes the development of a personal exposure
monitor for volatile organic*.
- An extensive nationwide program has been Instituted to acquire aerial
photos of sites, characterize the problems and prioritize the need for
cleanup.
1982 Expl anatipn of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,865,000 $2,658,200
The net increase of +$2,658,200 results front several actions, as follows:
" Restructurlnp. (+$2,865,000) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance Response, this program element was created.
- Reprograinmlng. (-$107,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several ml seel laneous reprogramnrlngs, which are not repor table to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in net decrease of -$107,800.
Act1 pus . (-$99,000) A reduction of -$99,000 was applied
to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to meet
Congressional ly mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allot Ing a .total of $2,658,200 and 9.2 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which Is funded under the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.
In 1982, efforts will continue to:
- Maintain a quality assurance program;
- Evaluate and standardize sampling and analysis methods;
SF-17
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- Provide oversight for a contractor operated laboratory which analyzes
field samples of complex samples taken from Regional and State field
response teams;
- Provide technical guidance, support and overview to the Mandatory Quality
Assurance Program;
- Develop a personal exposure monitor for volatile organlcs;
- Characterize the problems and prioritize the need for cleanup through
aerial photography of sites;
- Support the program office, Regions and States with special studies of
air, surface, groundwater and site characterization.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,989,900 and 8.4 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which Is funded under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund. This reflects a decrease of $668,300, and .8 permanent workyears
resulting 1n a reduction 1n efforts to provide oversight for a contractor operated
laboratory. The reduction In this activity reflects the completion of projects
required to support Initial Superfund Implementation efforts.
The major objective of this program 1n 1983 will be to continue supporting
our program Implementation requirements and State assistance objectives by provi-
ding government agencies (Federal, State and local) with the latest research
methods and techniques in measurement, monitoring, and quality assurance. The
program wll 1 meet the monitoring requirements of removal and ranedlal actions
mandated by the Act. The tools and methods for field support and sampling, labor-
atory analyses, and remote monitoring will be applied to site discovery and
characterization, as veil as mitigation and cleanup. The program Includes
quality assurance through laboratory audits and 1 ntercomparlson analyses.
In a systematic way the program will:
- Provide quality assurance for contractor and Regional laboratories Involv-
ed in remedial actions. This task will Include on-site laboratory evalu-
ations and data audits from those laboratories.
- Continue to provide oversight capability for a contractor-operated labo-
ratory to standardize sampling and analysis procedures of complex samples
taken from removal and remedial sites. This task Includes the analyses
of split samples and actions as a referee laboratory in the event of
analysis problems.
- Apply methods and protocols for sampling and analysis of wastes taken
from uncontrolled sites.
- Analyze historical and new aerial photography to determine the extent of
problems, characterize site conditions and provide data for site prloritl-
zatlon.
- Field test and evaluate personal exposure monitors and equipment for
volatile organics.
- Provide state-of-art equipment and scientific expertise to the operational
programs Involving remote and contact sensing for air, water, groundwater,
soils and biota. This Includes provision of expert witness capabilities
and case preparation support for enforcement actions for maintaining the
Integrity of the fund.
SF-18
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ENVIROKMEMTAL ENGIMEERJMG AND TECHNOLOGY
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $3,198,700 and 1.6 permanent work-
years for this program, all of which was funded under the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.
RCTOM!/jinerggncy'Response Program. Preparation of manuals and guidance
documents^for^ule by EPA ana state response personnel and the private user com-
munity 1s a major element of this program. As of this time, no manuals have
been released to the public. Several documents, however, were prepared for the
Emergency Response Division, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR),
for Internal use.
Additional support has Included:
- Development of a decision guide addressing removal and remedial Issues,
providing guidance to on-scene coordinators to distinguish between "remov-
al " situations and "remedial" situations.
. Development of guidance on practical termination points for cleanup,
utilizing primarily engineering parameters for the decision.
Remedial Action Program. A survey and assessment of current technologies
being used at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites was conducted. This Involved
field evaluations of specific techniques to determine their cost-effectiveness
1n reducing pollutants emitted from uncontrolled waste sites. Many of the tech-
niques ara those used for other purposes, such as the construction Industry, and
have never been field tested at uncontrolled sites. This program activity attemp-
ted to utilize Information available from remedial actions already completed, and
to project the applicability of techniques used In other situations. Completed
efforts Include:
- An evaluation of remedial actions completed prior to Implementation
of Superfund;
- A manual of techniques applicable to remedial sites;
. - A cost evaluation of remedial techniques.
Site design analyses and field verification of techniques were also Initi-
ated. Because technologies already developed for other uses require field verif-
ication before they can be adapted to uncontrolled waste sites, OERR and the
States are reluctant to specify use of a technology for a site unless they have
some field verification that the method will work. A second major thrust of
this program 1s site design analysis. This analysis entails two steps; first,
an assessment of the site in terms of the receptors of the releases, the pathways
of the releases, and the waste characteristics Is conducted. Then the various
techniques available for remedial action are analytically superimposed on the
site. Cost, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of the Individual techniques
and systems are then factored Into the analysis and used to determine the best
design. Completed efforts Include:
- Development of a remedial action 'handbook for uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites;
- An assessment of concentration and treatment technologies for leachate
from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;
- A determination of the effectiveness of top sealing to minimize leachate
generation;
SF-19
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- Providing technical assistance, analysis, consultation and review of
remedial action plans with other EPA offices.
1982 Explanation of Changesfrom January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$11,150,000 $9,834,700
The net Increase of +$9,834,700 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$11,150,000) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance Response, this program element was created.
" ReprogramBiing. (-$420,300) This reprogramnring of -$420,300 will provide
additional resources to allow the Inspector General's Office to carry out a
more active role In Superfund. Some projects associated with developing
manuals on site safety containment and confinement and field evaluations may
be delayed. (This reprogramnring WAS Included In a letter to Congress on
December 16. 1981).
" Congresslonal Actlons. (-895,000) An additional reduction of-$895,000
was applied to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to
meet Congressional mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is alloting a total of $9,834,700 and 12.5 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which 1s -funded under the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.
Removal/Emergency Response Applications. These activities address the high-
est priority needs or the program offices and the Regions relative to emergency
action at hazardous materials spills and newly discovered releases from uncontrol-
led waste sites.
An activity addressing emergency response control technology 1s being Initi-
ated. It will demonstrate prototypical equipment for cost-effective multimedia
removal actions at spills and defective uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Included In the demonstration 1s the EPA developed mobile Incinerator for on-s1te
destruction of hazardous organic*. Prevention practices and pre-response planning
procedures for environmental emergencies are being demonstrated, and relevant
manuals developed.
Guidelines are being developed to assist Federal, State and local officials
In coordinating their efforts to remedy uncontrolled releases of hazardous sub-
stances. Manuals on situation assessment, containment and confinement tech-
niques for removal actions are also being prepared, included are specialized
equipment and procedures for ensuring personnel safety (during site reconnaissance
and cleanup), decontamination equipment and procedures, equipment and techniques
for controlling the spread of contamination 1n all media, control of movement of
contamination Into the groundwater, and specialized spill control procedures
applicable to firemen.
Development of separation and concentration manuals that address released
hazardous chemicals 1n all media 1s being initiated. Manuals which cover ultimate
disposal of collected and concentrated cleanup residuals, and restoration of con-
taminated areas are also beginning. Included are adaptations of commercial
technologies for on-s1te separation and concentration of released materials from
co-collected water, soils, sediments, and air; assessments of new and Innovative
techniques for on-s1te destruction and disposal of cleanup residuals; and advanced
techniques for the use of specialized, genetically engineered microorganisms for
SF-20
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removing the last traces of spilled materials from soils and impacted areas to
return them to pre-release conditions.
Remedial Action Program. These activities cover the highest priority engine-
ering and technology needs of the program offices and Regions relative to cleaning
up uncontrolled waste sites. They address such problems as cost-effectiveness
and validation of remedial action performance, waste destruction, and disposal.
A survey and assessment of current technology that may be applicable to
remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites is continuing and will be
reported on as information Is developed. Included is a report on surveys of
ongoing and completed remedial action projects, a report on updating unit opera-
tions cost data, Including cost-effectiveness for remedial actions at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites, and a summary report on survey technologies.
New equipment and procedures are being employed to enhance personnel safety
during remedial response to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Prevention of
personnel contamination is a high priority with the program offices, as are decon-
tamination procedures.
Technical resource documents which describe best engineering Judgement prac-
tices for use by communities in controlling pollutant releases from uncontrolled
waste dump sites are being prepared.
Special projects that address both emergency and remedial actions are
being conducted as technical assistance to the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. These activities include assistance in finalizing the NCP; reviewing
closure plans and providing for postclosure monitoring of the effectiveness
of remedial actions; and technical support to development of various regulations
such as notification requirements for releases of hazardous substances and
designation of report able quantities.
1 98^Prograiti Reque st
The Agency requests a total of $3,499,400 and 11.5 permanent workyears for
this program all of which 1s funded under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund. This reflects a decrease of $6,335,300 and 1.0 permanent work years. This
reduction reflects the completion and near completion of several major engineering
studies associated with manuals development, survey and assessments of available
technology and special projects required to support Initial Superfund implementa-
tion efforts.
The primary objective of this program will be to continue supporting Superfund
Implementation requirements by providing engineering guidance and control technol-
ogy evaluation to the Federal, State and local agencies for Immediate response to
uncontrolled waste sites. In general, this objective will address the construc-
tion and field evaluation of equipment and technologies for on-slte treatment/
destruction of hazardous wastes, leachates and contaminated groundwater, It
will also evaluate and assess the best existing remedial control technologies to
minimize pollutant releases from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, and maximize
the applicability and transfer of this information to the user community.
Specific activities are addressed below:
r This program will continue to ad-
dress'TSe^fgKesf prYorfty needs r of thll" program offices and the Regions relative
to emergency action at hazardous materials spills and newly discovered releases
of hazardous materials from defective waste sites. Proposed activities Include:
- A program will continue to address emergency response control technology
by demonstrating prototypical equipment for cost-effective multi-media
removal actions at spills and defective uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. Prevention practices and pre-response planning procedures for
SF-21
-------
environmental emergencies will be demonstrated and relevant manuals
developed. Major environmental disasters will require Federal, State
and local coordination. Therefore, guidelines for efficient and cost-
effective coordination will continue to be developed.
- Manuals addressing situation assessment and containment and confinement
techniques for removal actions will continue to be prepared.
- Separation and concentration manuals will continue to be prepared which
address released hazardous chemicals in all media. Manuals will also
continue to be prepared which cover ultimate disposal of collected and
concentrated cleanup residuals.
Remedial Action Program. This program will continue to respond to the
highest priority eWfTneerTng and technology needs of the program offices and
Regions relative to cleaning up problem abandoned waste sites. It addresses
such problems as cost-effectiveness, validation of remedial action performance,
destruction, and disposal. Proposed activities Include:
- A survey and assessment of current technology that may be applicable to
remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites will continue to
be reported on.
- Remedial action site design analysis, including reports on pilot test
facilities to predict effectiveness of remedial action schemes, will
be conducted. Under this effort reports will be developed on the predic-
tion of reactivity of construction materials with hazardous wastes.
- Technical resource documents for describing best engineering judgment
practices for use by communities for controlling pollutant release from
uncontrolled waste dump sites will continue to be prepared.
EHVIROMMENTAL_PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $94,800 and no permanent workyears
for this program, all of which was funded under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund.
Specific accomplishments included:
- Completion of a preliminary draft of the Scientific Support Coordinator
(SSC) guidance manual. The document will provide response personnel with
a uniform set of procedures and duties that must be performed when clean-
Ing up hazardous substances from inland waters.
- Draft user manuals and computer software packages are being completed
for the land and groundwater media, and are being distributed for peer
review to response personnel. These products will be used by response
personnel to assist them 1n assessing the risks posed to ecosystems
and human populations from the release of hazardous substances.
1982ExplanationofChanges fromJanuary|udgetEstimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$1,021,000 $976,500
The net increase of +$976,500 results from several actions, as follows:
" RestruCturing. (+$1,021,000) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stanceResponse, this program element was created.
SF-22
-------
(-538,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several n't seel laneous reprogrammlngs, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted In net decrease of -$38,500.
- Congressional Actions. (-$6,000) An additional reduction of~$6,000 was
applied to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to meet
Congressional mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency Is allotting a total of $976,500 and 4.5 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which 1s funded under the Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund.
- Draft user manuals and computer software packages are being completed
for the land and groundwater media, and are being distributed for peer
review to response personnel. These products will be used by response
personnel to assist them In assessing the risks posed to ecosystems and
human populations from the release of hazardous substances.
- Efforts are continuing to develop user manuals for surface water and
air environmental assessments. These products will be used by response
personnel to assist them 1n assessing the human and ecological risk
posed by releases of hazardous substances Into the air and surface
water environments.
1933 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $232,500 and 2.1 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is funded under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund. This reflects a decrease of $744,000 and 2.4 permanent workyears
resulting from the completion of manuals and computer software packages for
the land and groundwater media used by response personnel in assessing the
risks posed at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
The primary objective of this program will be to continue supporting
Superfund Implementation efforts by providing Federal, State and local agencies
with assessment and evaluation procedures for determining the potential ecological
effects from uncontrolled waste sites. A primary focus will be on providing
user-oriented material on situation assessment along with evaluating and develop-
ing ecologically sound Isolation, removal, restoration and disposal methods.
More specifically, the primary focus 1n 1983 will be to complete the user
manuals and computer software packages for the air and surface water media
and to field test and evaluate these products at actual uncontrolled waste sites
or emergency spill operations.
SF-23
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
SUPERFUHD
Superfund Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1902 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Tt
Technical Support
Office of Legal «
Enforcement Counsel
Hazardous Substance Response $509.4
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance Response $1,947.7
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Response $2,457.1
Trust Fund
Superfund Enforcement TOTAL $2,457.1
$2,005.1 $2,005.1 $2,346,2 $341.1
$13,204.9 $12,340.2 $9,219.7 -$3,120.5
$3,762.6 $3,762.6
$15,210,0 $14,345.3 $15,328.5 $983.2
$15,210.0 $14,345.3 $15,328.5 $983.2
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
-------
SUPERFUND
Super-fund Enforcement
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Technical Support
Office of Legal 8
Enforcement Counsel
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT HQRKYEARS
15.0
15.0
22.6
22.6
147.0 147.0
15.0
84.9 -62.1
66.0 66.0
162.0
162.0 165.9
3.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Legal 8
Enforcement Counsel
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
24.3
19.0
19.0 19.0
169.0 169.0 99.3 -69.7
71.9 71.9
TOTAL NORKYEARS
24.3
188.0 188.0 190.2
2.2
-------
SUPERFUND
Superfund Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,328,500 and 165.9 permanent workyears for
1983 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund for enforcement activities.
This represents an increase of $983,200 and 3.9 permanent workyears from 1982.
The increase reflects an effort to maximize the effectiveness of Superfund dollars
by emphasizing enforcement activities In 1983. This will require increased cost
recovery actions to recoup the costs of Federally financed removal and remedial
actions, and increased efforts to Induce or compel privately financed cleanup
actions.
Program Description
Hazardous substance response enforcement will focus on preparing the techni-
cal and legal documentation required to take actions to Induce or compel privat-
ely financed cleanup by responsible parties including the issuance of demand let-
ters and administrative orders. In conjunction with the Department of Justice
(DOJ), EPA staff will participate in negotiations of consent decrees for priva-
tely financed cleanup. The program will also provide support to DOJ during act-
ions to recover costs of Federally financed cleanup and claims paid by the Haz-
ardous Substance Response Trust Fund. In 1983, the legal and technical functions
of this program will be performed under separate program elements to be consist-
ent with the Agency's reorganization of enforcement activities.
technical. Support - OLEC ~ This program element comprises the Superfund
porti on of the acti vi tl es of the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC)
in Denver, Colorado which is contained within the organization of the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC). The NEIC provides technical support to
various aspects of the Superfund enforcement program, with emphasis on specialized
technical case support for high hazard and high priority enforcement cases as well
as national expertise and specialized services not normally available at Head-
quarters or in the Regions. The NEIC focus is on provision of specialized in-
vestigatory assistance, technical support for case development for recovery of
funds expended for cleanup or other remedies, continuing update and refinement of
enforcement analytical procedures including high hazard laboratory procedures,
high hazard sample analysis associated with the development of priority enforce-
ment cases, technical support of regulation and guidance development for the
Agency's Superfund enforcement program, and specialized assistance to State en-
forcement activities.
Hazardous ; Substance i Technical Enforcement This program element Is the
technical component of the Superfund enforcement program. As a part of negotia-
tions of court ordered or voluntary consent decrees, technical enforcement de-
velops remedial action plans for submission to defendants, reviews plans pre-
sented by defendants to assure technical adequacy and consistency with consent
decree goals, and monitors privately financed cleanup. A major effort in this
program will be to develop and Implement procedures to ensure that technical in-
formation in support of enforcement, Including cost recovery cases, is legally
defensible and of a high quality. In addition, this program will review and
analyze the technical aspects of policies and regulations developed under the
authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabil-
ity Act (CERCLA)to ensure their validity and defensibllity In potential enforce-
ment actions.
SF-26
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HazardousSubstance LegalEnforcement this program provides the legal
staff for enforcement efforts Under theSuperfund program. The major activities
under this program Include the development of the legal documentation necessary
to Induce privately financed cleanup of hazardous waste sites and spills. In
cooperation with technical enforcement staff, this program will issue demand let-
ters, administrative orders and participate with the Department of Justice legal
staff in negotiations of consent decrees. In addition, EPA legal staff will work
with the Department of Justice to initiate cost recovery actions when a Super-
fund-financed response has been taken. Finally, this program will enable EPA to
ensure a nationally consistent enforcement policy under Superfund.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OLEC
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, $509,400 was obligated in support of specialized technical support
capabilities provided by the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC).
These capabilities include technical support in high-hazard and high priority
cases, and the development of technical enforcement procedures and protocols.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,005,100 $2,005,100
The net Increase of +$2,005,100 results from several actions, as follows:
~ Restructuring. (+$2,005,100) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance Response, this program element was created.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting a total of $2,005,100 and 15 permanent
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund for this program.
These resources are being used to provide investigatory and enforcement ana-
lytical capability to the Superfund enforcement program. Technical capabilities
are being made available to Headquarters, Regional, and State enforcement pro-
grams in support of high priority or technically complex enforcement cases. This
Includes records review, on-site and off-site investigations, preparation and
analysis of high hazard samples, a wide range of specialty sampling and analyti-
cal procedures, evidence audit control for State and regional investigative
personnel, and expert testimony and follow-up. Safety, investigative, analyti-
cal, and contractor guidance manuals are being updated to reflect state of the
art technologies and practices.
1983 P rptram Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,346,200 and 15 permanent workyears from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund for this program. This represents an In-
crease of 5341,100. This increase reflects increased Agency Superfund activity
and an Increased emphasis on evidence audit control.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will provide technical
support for the Agency's initiative to manage and prioritize significant litiga-
tion cases. In this capacity, NEIC will be able to concentrate Its resources on
cases which are precedent-setting, and which will provide the greatest savings
or recoveries for the Fund. NEIC will perform several specialized technical
support functions for the Superfund enforcement program. These include develop-
ing and refining procedures and protocols for various enforcement functions,
site entry and sampling in high hazard situations, evidence audit, which includes
SF-27
-------
chain of custody, and evidence security and quality control. When requested,
NEIC will also assist the Regions in high priority cases involving high hazard
wastes by performing site entry, sampling, and preparation of high hazard samples
for analysis by Regional and contract laboratories. Additionally, sample analy-
sis will be performed in nationally managed or high priority cases and for de-
velopment and refinement of enforcement protocols.
NEIC will also assist the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and regional
investigative staffs In criminal Investigations of uncontrolled hazardous waste
disposal and will train FBI personnel 1n EPA technical evidence gathering pro-
cedures.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHMICAl- ENFORCEMENt
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981 $1,947,700 and 22.6 permanent workyears were obligated. This pro-
gram supported actions Initiated by the Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Site En-
forcement program. Resources were used to continue to support cases filed under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and to support ongoing case develop-
ment efforts within the Agency.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$13,204,900 $12,340,200
The net increase of +$12,340,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. {+$13,204,900) With the restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance Response, this program element was created.
~ Beprogra^1ng« (-$64,700) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted 1n net decrease of -$64,700.
Congressional Actions. (-$800,000) A reduction of $800,000 was applied to
this program element to meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982 the Agency is allotting a total of $12,340,200 and 147 permanent
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund to this program.
The 1982 program includes both the legal and technical aspects of enforcement.
The focus of the program Is on obtaining privately financed cleanups at haz-
ardous waste sites. This includes preparing letters notifying responsible par-
ties of their potential liability and demanding cleanup actions, Issuing admin-
istrative orders, negotiating remedies in voluntary consent decrees, filing civil
judicial actions and negotiating judicially ordered consent decrees. In addition,
program support continues to be provided for the ongoing imminent hazard cases
carried over from prior years and for actions to recover fund expenditures.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,219,700 and 84.9 permanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund for this program. The reduction of
S3,120,500 and 62.1 permanent workyears is caused by a reorganization of enforce-
ment responsibilities within EPA, Resources associated with judicial case de-
SF-28
-------
veloproent and legal activities will be transferred to the new Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel.
In 1983, the EPA hazardous substance technical enforcement program will
compile, from various sources, technical data including the nature of the hazard
at hazardous waste sites, the health and environmental consequences of a release,
and possible technical remedies to be considered at specific sites. This infor-
mation is necessary for the continued Issuance of notice letters to parties re-
sponsible for problem hazardous sites, negotiations of remedies with responsible
parties, the Initiation of administrative or judicial actions to secure cleanup
by responsible parties, and filing of appropriate cost recovery actions to re-
coup government removal or remedial expenses.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGALENFORCEMENT
1981 Accompl1shments
This program did not exist as a discrete program element in 1981.
1982 Program
This program does not exist as a discrete program element in 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,762,600 and 66 permanent workyears from the
Hazardous Substance Response trust Fund for this program. This 1s an increase of
53,762,600 and 66 permanent workyears, which reflects the fact that this is the
'Hrst year of this newly established program element.
In 1983, this program will be devoted to addressing those enforcement ac-
tions necessary to Induce cleanup, or to recover Federal costs related to clean-
up, of hazardous waste sites that present an imminent hazard. Administrative
orders and/or civil actions under CERCLA and other statutory authorities will
be used against those Identified parties who fail to properly undertake removal
or remedial actions to clean up hazardous sites. This Includes the seeking of
punitive damages against those parties. Where applicable, actions will be Ini-
tiated to recover Federal expenses where Superfund resources have been spent to
clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites or spills. Litigation activities are
conducted in cooperation with the Department of Justice, with technical support
provided by the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Resources requested provide for the establishment of enforcement policies
to ensure consistent legal approaches to site cleanup. Headquarters enforcement
personnel will determine the proper enforcement approach to be applied at Identi-
fied hazardous waste sites. These actions include administrative orders, and
the initiation of civil or criminal actions under CERCLA or other authorities.
Headquarters staff will establish basic legal enforcement policies to ensure
coordination of Fund financed cleanup and use of enforcement authorities. Head-
quarters will also ensure national consistency in legal efforts to: 1) seek pri-
vately-financed cleanup (secured by "Agreements", administrative orders, or con-
sent decrees); 2) issue administrative orders under §106{a) of CERCLA or other
statutory authorities in conjunction with technical staff in the Office of
Waste Programs Enforcement; and 3) develop cases and Initiate civil actions under
§106(a) of CERCLA, or other appropriate authority and 4) where appropriate, seek
treble damages authorized under §107(c)(3) of CERCLA.
Where decisions are made to pursue Fund-financed cleanup and recover Fund
expenditures through cost-recovery actions, Headquarters staff will participate
in the development of "recovery" actions under §112 of CERCLA. This will involve
the establishment and implementation of uniform national policies on the ident-
SF-29
-------
ification of responsible parties, and the collection and documentation of judi-
cially admissible evidence concerning contamination and recoverable Fund ex-
penditures.
Regional activities will focus on participation in the identification of
sites; investigations to determine the identity and financial viability of poten-
tial responsible parties; and assessments of whether to initiate immediate en-
forcement action or to initially rely on Fund financed removal or remedial ac-
tions. Regional activities will also include negotiations with responsible
parties and development of necessary legal support documentation such as affida-
vits, pleadings, orders, and complaints. Privately financed actions will be
monitored to assure compliance with applicable guidelines and requirements,
and with the terms of settlement. Assistance will be provided to States to
assure the collection and documentation of necessary evidence for Fund-financ-
ed, State managed sites. This evidence will constitute an integral part of sub-
sequent "recovery" actions.
SF-30
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
SUPERFUHO
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Planning & Evaluation
Hazardous Substance Response $95.5
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance Response $5.3
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance Response $30.2
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative Management
lleadqua rters
Hazardous Substance Response $9.7
Trust Fund
$2,360.0 $2,360.0
-$2,360.0
$928.0 $928.0 $778,9 -$149.1
$200.0 $172.0 $283.8 $111.8
$3,840.0 $3,840.0 $3,028.0 -$812.0
-------
SUPERFUMD
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
LJ
ro
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management-Regions
Hazardous Substance Response $50.6
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health
and Safety
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance Response $58.0
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance Response $1,636.3
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance Response $339.5
Trust Fund
$640.0 $601.6 $271.1 -$330.5
$950.0 $950.0 $665.0 -$285.0
$9,990.0 $6,590.0 $3.097.3 -$3,492,7
$632.0 $647.2 $964.6 $317.4
-------
SUPERFUND
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
CO
u
Hazardous Substance
Laboratories 4 Facilities
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
$25.5
$56.9
$5,500.0 $3.500.0
-$3,500.0
$2,520.0 $3.102.9 $2,813.9 -$289.0
$40.0 $40.0 $40.0
$950.0 $950.0 $1,435.0 $485.0
$120.0 $120.0 $280.3 $160.3
$200.0 $206.1 $236.0 $29.9
-------
SUPERFUHO
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
$16.4
$280,0
$280.0 $1,432.1 $1,152.1
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Response $2,323.9
Trust Fund
Management And Support TOTAL $2,323.9
(29.150.0 $24,287.8 $15,326.0 -(8.-961.8
$29,150.0 $24,287.8 $15,326.0 -$8,961.8
PERMANENT FULL-TIME HQRKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Planning & Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
4.0
8.0
5.0
4.0
8.0
5.0
-4.0
5.0 -3.0
6,0 1.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Hazardous Substance
Administrative Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management-Regions
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health
and Safety
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
1 Inspector General
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
35,0 38.0 2Z.O -13.fr
fr.O
3.0
13.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
6.0 10.0 4.0
3.0
22.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.1 -.9
22.0
3.8
1.0
S.8
1.0
7,0 5.0
-------
SUPERFUNO
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIHATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.0
80.0 89.0 81.9 -7.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Planning I Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management-Regions
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health
and Safety
Headquarters
.5
.7
.1
4.0
8.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
8.0
5.0
5.0
-4.0
5.0 -3.0
6.0 1.0
43.0 43.0 25.1 -17.9
6.7 10.0 3.3
3.5 -1.5
-------
SUPERFUND
Management And Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
Hazardous Substance
Inspector General
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance ,6
Legal Services
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 1.1
Legal Services
Regions
Hazardous Substance .7
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS 3.7
13.0 22.0 22.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
3.0 3.0 6.0 3.0
5.0 4,3 5.0 .7
2.0 2.0 7.0 5.0
95.0 104.0 90.6 -13.4
-------
SUPERFUNU
Management and Support
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $15,326,000 and 81.9 permanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund for Management and Support activities
in 1933. This represents a decrease of $8,961,800 and 7.1 permanent workyears
from 1982. The decrease represents a number of non-recurring start-up costs and
initial implementation activities funded in 1981 and 1982.
Program Description
This subactivity provides the basic management and support services for the
Superfund program. These services include functions such as rent, utilities,
financial and administrative management, contracts management, data systems man-
agement, occupational health and safety, programmatic and regulatory analysis,
and budget formulation and execution. In addition, this subactivity includes
resources for the Offices of the General and Regional Counsels and the Office of
Inspector General*
Hazardous Substance Planningand Evaluation These resources are used to
provide economic andregulatoryanalysis,IH3 to establish and maintain an
accountability system for the Superfund program. This program element has been
consolidated with the Office of Policy and Resource Management in 1983 to re-
flect the Agency's recent reorganization.
Hazardous^Substancei FinancialManagement-Headquarters and Regions This
component Is representeB:: \ n :r"Ewo'"program el ements. The resources are used to
maintain financial records, and to track and report on the use of the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund.
HazardousSubstance Admi n1strati ye Management - Headquarters and Keglons --
This componentis represented in two program elements.the resources are used
to fund Superfund administrative services necessary to award and administer
contracts, process personnel actions, provide central management and technical
support for Superfund information systems, and to acquire and maintain Super-
fund office and laboratory services.
Hazardous Substance Occupational Health and Safety - Headquarters -- These
resources provide technical assistance and training for theSuperfund staff to
assure the safety of those employees exposed to toxic and other hazardous sub-
stances.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters and Regions This com-
ponent is represented in two program elements. The resources are used to cover
the costs of space, utilities, printing, equipment, and other support needs in-
curred by the Superfund program staff.
Hazardous Substance Laboratories and Fact Titles This program element pro-
vides funds for constructionand modification of laboratories to ensure the safe
handling of toxic and other hazardous substances.
Hazardous Substance - InspectorGeneraT;-- This program eTement funds the
required pre-award,Interim andfinalaudits of contracts awarded under the
Superfund program as well as audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.
Natural Resource Claims -- This program element provides funds for the
Board'"''of1""Arbitratorswhich will settle disputes regarding payment of claims
for natural resource damages.
SF-38
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Computer Services -- These funds cover the data processing costs (time-
sharing} of mairitaining the Superfund information systems.
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters and Regions This pro-
gram element funds tne Office of the General Counsel (OGC) and the Offices of the
Regional Counsel activities under Superfund. These activities include statutory
interpretations of the Act, (CERCLA), and the issuance of opinions and advice re-
garding the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial,
administrative or legal issues. In addition, OGC acts as the Agency's chief
counsel in defending regulatory and other Agency decisions regarding the implemen-
tation of CERCLA and provides support for the enforcement litigation program.
The Offices of the Regional Counsel advise and assist the Regions and States in
interpreting the Act and represent Regions in defensive litigation activities.
Hazardous Substance Office of Policy and Resource Management This program
element provides resources for budget; support,policy analysis, management assess-
ments and evaluations, and regulatory review under the Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE PLAMMING AMP EVALUATION
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $95,500 for this program element. The Office
of Policy Analysis (OPA) assisted 1n the development and implementation of a
comprehensive program strategy and supported the revision of the National
Contingency Plan (NCP). The Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE)
began developing a Superfund accountability and tracking system. The Office of
Standards and Regulations (OSR) provided technical assistance for the revision
of the NCP. ' - ...
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estircate Estimate Estimate
$2,360,000 $2,360,000
The net increase of +$2,360,000 results from several actions, as follows:
Restructuring. (+52,360,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting $2,360,000 and four permanent work/ears in
support of this program. In 1982, OPA is supporting revision of the NCP, assist-
ing in developing implementation guidance and other regulatory actions, and ana-
lyzing numerous major policy and program implementation issues. OMSE 1s complet-
ing the development and implementation of a comprehensive tracking and accounta-
bility system for program and enforcement activities. OSR is providing manage-
ment control of the regulatory process, technical support for regulatory actions,
and serving as liaison with the Office of Management and Budget on regulatory
activities.
1983 Program Request
In 1983, resources for this program will be consolidated into the Office
of Policy and Resource Management program element to reflect the Agency's
recent reorganization.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIALMANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $5.300 to cover the start-up costs for
designing and Implementing a financial management system for the Superfund
program.
1982 Explanatiofi of Changes from January Budget Estimate.
January March Current
Estimate ' Estimate Estimate
$928,000 $928,000
The net increase of +$928,000 results from several actions:
- Restructuring. (4-$!,208,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
" Reproaranmiing. (-$280,000) As a result of the Agency's recent reorgani-
ze tTorTTailplFFuml resources for the Office of the Comptroller, (-$280,000)
were transferred from Hazardous Substance Financial Management to the Hazard
ous Substance Policy and Resources Management program element.
1982 Program
The Agency Is allotting $928,000 and eight permanent workyears to support
this program in 1982, $408,000 of which is for computer services and enhancements
to the Agency's billing system. The Financial Management Division (FMD) is
providing basic funds tracking and resource reporting of program expenditures.
FMD is compiling financial information on contract and other related costs
specific to site and spill incidents. Other activities include, preparing
summaries and developing a record of receipts and disbursements from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund; establishing and maintaining GAO-
approved accounting systems; and providing management control and support of
billing and collection actions to recover costs from responsible parties. In
addition, FMD is maintaining funds accounting in support of the budget process;
meeting the Agency's requirements to provide full disclosure of financial activi-
ties*, providing for payment of vouchers from State, Federal, and commercial
entities; monitoring cash flow; applying the Federal cash and audit management
procedures prescribed by OMB and 6AO; and ensuring data integrity and quality
of financial information.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $778,900 and five permanent workyears to continue this
program in 1983, a decrease of $149,100 and three permanent workyears. This
request includes $240,000 for an Interagency agreement for computer services.
The activities identified above will be continued and specific requirements of
the 1983 program will be met. The decrease is the result of non-recurring
start-up costs in 1982.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCEFIHAHCIAL MANAGEMENT REGIONS
1981 Accompl1shments
In 1981, the $30,200 and .5 permanent workyears obligated for this program
covered the start-up costs associated with the establishment of a financial
system to support the Regional Superfund program. Agency efforts were directed
toward implementing financial management and funds tracking procedures for the
SF-40
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program and assuring that they conform to the Agency financial management
systems.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$200,000 $172,000
The net Increase of +$172,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$200,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
this program element was created.
" Reprpgraromlng. (-$28,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in net decrease of -$28,000.
1982 Program
The Agency is allotting $172,000 and five permanent workyears for this
program. The Regional financial management offices are providing the follow-
ing services In support of the Superfund program: (a) basic regional funds
tracking, accounting and reporting of specific site and spill response actions;
(b) collection of financial data to support billing and collection actions and
recoveries from responsible parties; (c) cash flow management; and, (d) proper
entry of Superfund commitments and obligations Into the Financial Management
System.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $283,800 and six permanent workyears to support this
program in 1983, an Increase of $111,800 and one permanent workyear. In addi-
tion to carrying out the functions cited under the 1982 program, the Agency
will enhance financial tracking and accountability.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1981Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $9,700 for administrative services required
to initiate the Superfund program. Activities funded under this program element
include execution of required personnel actions, contract actions to carry out
the response activities authorized by the Act, administrative support services
including mall distribution, telecommunications, and printing, and the initial
modification and enhancement of current Agency-wide Information systems to meet
the Increased data collection requirements of the Act.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$3.840,000 $3,840,000
The net increase of +$3,840,000 results from the following action:
" Restructuring. (+$3,840,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, tim program element was created.
SF-41
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1982 Program
The Agency is allotting $3,840,000 and 35 permanent workyears for these
activities in 1982. Efforts are being expended as follows:
- 5136,000 and two permanent workyears to maintain and support the
personnel requirements of the program staff;
- $1,510,000 and 26 permanent workyears to award and administer contracts
required to carry out response and remedial activities;
- $1,334,200 and three permanent workyears to provide central technical
support for developing, testing, operating, and maintaining the infor-
mation systems required to collect and track notification data, assess
and set site cleanup priorities, identify financial responsibility,
track and report cleanup actions, and monitor enforcement activities;
- 5859,600 and four permanent workyears to manage the design and modifica-
tion of EPA laboratories to permit analysis of toxic samples and to
provide telecommunications, printing, space management, and support serv-
ices.
1983 Program Request
For 1983, the Agency requests $3,028,000 and 22 permanent workyears. This
decrease of $812,000 and 13 permanent workyears reflects non-recurring start-up
costs in the areas of technical support for information systems and laboratory
design included in 1982. 1983 activities will focus on maintaining administrative
services initiated and developed in 1982. These include:
- $109,000 and 1.6 permanent workyears to maintain and support the person-
nel requirements of the program staff;
- 51,308,000 and 18 permanent workyears to administer contracts awarded
in 1982 and to award new contracts as needed;
- $1,178,000 and 2.4 permanent workyears to continue the central technical
support for operating and maintaining Agency-wide Superfund information
systems;
- $433,000 to provide telecommunications, printing, and other support
services.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AOHIMISTRATIVE MANA6EMEMT - REGJ QMS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $50,600 and .3 permanent workyears for admin-
istrative services to support the initiation of the program in the Regions.
This consisted mainly of space planning and equipment acquisition.
19S2 E xplanati on of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Ejt.imate Estimate
$640,000 $601,600
The net increase of +$601,600 results from several actions, as follows:
* Restructuring. (+5640,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
thi s prbgraiif el iment was created.
- Reprogramming. (-538,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several mi see I)aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net decrease of -$38,400.
SF-42
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1982Program
The Agency Is allotting $601,600 and six permanent workyears for adminis-
trative support of the Regional Superfund program. The services being provided
include management of information systems, small purchase administration, and
space management.
1983 ProgramRequest
For 1983, the Agency requests $271,100 and 10 permanent workyears. This
is a decrease of $330,500 and an Increase of four permanent workyears. The de-
crease in dollars reflects a realignment of funds between this.program element
and the Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions program element. The
increase in workyears will enable the Regions to provide coordination between
financial, contracts and procurement management.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AMD SAFETY^,- HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated 558,000 and .1 permanent workyear to address
health and safety concerns under this new program. Activities in this area
included the development of procedures and guidelines designed to protect the
safety of EPA field and laboratory employees and to monitor the training and
certification of these employees.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$950,000 $950,000
The net Increase of +$950,000 results from the following action:
" Restructuring. (+$950,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
1982Program
The Agency is allotting $950,000 and three permanent workyears to this pro-
gram to continue the development and begin implementation of procedures and
guidelines to protect the safety of EPA employees and monitor their training and
certification. In addition, a technical support and evaluation team is being
established to conduct on-s1te safety inspections, evaluate the adequacy of
safety programs and to support EPA cooperative agreements with the National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA). Contract funds ($750,000) for the team and
training funds have been Included to meet the continuing need for training of
our field and laboratory employees in new scientific procedures, safe work
practices, and legal considerations.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $665,000 and 2.1 permanent workyears, a decrease of
5285,000 and .9 permanent workyears from 1982 to continue the Superfund related
work of the Occupational Health and Safety staff. The decrease represents the
transition from basic safety training courses to re-certification courses. These
funds will provide technical assistance and evaluation of field and laboratory
safety programs and the development and monitoring of training courses designed
to provide the latest safety techniques and procedures. The requested funds
include $515,000 for training courses and contract activities as discussed above*
SF-43
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1931, the Agency obligated $1,636,300 to cover agencywide support costs
of the Superfund Program including rent, ADP contracts, and the purchase of
Immediately needed laboratory equipment.
1982 Explanation ofChanges from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
77. $§7§OT;D00 $"6V§9b,OoO
The net Increase of +56,590,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$9,990,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
- Cofioresslpnal Actions. (-$3,400,000) A reduction of -$3,400,000 was
applied to the riazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to meet
Congressional 1y mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
the Agency Is allotting $6,590,000 for the continuation of these services
1n 1982. 1982 resources include:
- 53,468,000 for Agency-wide and headquarters support costs;
- 52,532,000 for laboratory and field equipment;
5590,000 for health and safety training. A large portion of these funds
($425,000) are being used to pay for health and safety training for
field employees of the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. The
remainder is for training laboratory chemists, supervisors, and other
critical personnel required to support the Superfund program.
1983 Program Request
For 1983, the Agency requests $3,097,300 for these support costs, a decrease
of 53,492,700, The reduction in resource needs reflects the investment in non-
recurring items in 1982 such as laboratory and field equipment. In 1983, the
major focus of the program will be to continue to fund the Agency-wide support
costs of the Superfund program. The 1983 requests Includes:
- 32,764,000 for agency-wide and headquarters support costs including rent,
telephone, postal costs, and workman's compensation as well as the head-
quarters cost of Janitorial, housekeeping and other general support
services;
- 5333,300 for health and safety training. This includes training of new
employees as well as updated and additional training of current employees
to meet annual certification requirements.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORTSERVICES - REGIONS
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $339,500 for Regional support costs such as
utilities, local telephone costs, space and equipment maintenance, and other
general service costs associated with the Superfund program.
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1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$632,000 $647,200
The net Increase of +$647,200 results from several actions, as follows:
" jestructuring. {+$632,000} With the restructuring of Operations Support,
thisprogramelement was created.
" ReprograiMilng. (+$15,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of +$15,200.
1982 Program
The Agency is allotting $647,200 to cover the Regional support costs of
this program in 1982.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $964,600 to cover Regional support costs such as utili-
ties, local telephone costs, printing, minicomputer operations, and equipment
maintenance associated with this program. Although this is an apparent increase
In funds of $317,400, It is offset by the reduction of $330,500 of support funds
that were contained in Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions
in 1982, but are requested in this program element for 1983,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCELABORATORIES AMDFACILITIES
1981 Accompl i shments
Mo resources were obligated for this program in 1981.
1962 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$5,500,000 $3,500,000
The net increase of +$3,500,000 results from several actions, as follows:
" Restructuring. (+$5,500,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
- Cj»ngre_ss.ional Actions. (-$2,000,000)- A reduction of -$2,000,000 was
applieatotheHazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to
meet Congressionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program ;
The Agency is allotting $3,500,000 to modify EPA laboratories in 1982 to
permit the handling and analysis of highly hazardous samples gathered at hazard-
ous waste sites and spills in support of the Superfund program. These modifica-
tions are required to protect the health and safety of laboratory personnel
conducting the sample analysis. EPA proposes to construct a containment labora-
tory to address this requirement as well as to ensure the proper supervision of
persons engaged in lab analysis at contractor and state facilities. This facility
SF-45
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will be used to analyze "high risk" samples and to dilute other samples to allow
safe handling in other laboratories.
The remaining samples gathered pursuant to the Act are "medium risk" and
will be analyzed by contractor laboratories, EPA Regional Surveillance and
Analysis(SSA) laboratories and state facilities. In 1982, EPA is conducting
health and safety modifications at selected S&A labs which will enable them to
handle these medium risk samples safely.
1983 Program Request
No funds are requested for 1983 because this activity represents non- recur-
Ing costs for laboratory modifications met during 1982.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - INSPECTOR SEMERAL
19B1 Accomplishments
No resources were available for this program in 1981.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$2,520,000 $3,102,900
The net increase of +$3,102,900 results from several actions, as follows:
" EJestructuriinj. (+$2,520,000) With the restructuring of Operations
Support, this program element was created.
(+$582,900) This reprogramming will provide additional
resbu rces to an ow the Inspector General's office to carry out a more active
role In Superfund, as requested by the Administrator. The Impact on the
losing program element Is minimal. Some projects associated with developing
manuals on site safety containment and confinement and field evaluations may
be delayed. (This reprogramming of +5420,300 was included in letter to
Congress on December 16, 1981).
During the development of the operating plan, several miscellaneous repro-
grammings, which are not reportable to Congress, were made to this activity
and resulted in a net increase of +$162,600.
1982 Program
The Agency is allotting a total of $3,102,900 and 22 permanent workyears to
this office in 1982. Extramural contract resources are being used for audit
services provided by other Federal agencies and CPA firms. The 016 is auditing
the financial and program management aspects of the Fund, and issuing an interim
report to Congress regarding all payments, obligations, reimbursements and other
uses of the Fund. The OIG is conducting and coordinating external audits of State
Cooperative Agreements, conducting catalog price audits, and conducting other
audits of Superfund contractors to determine the reasonableness of costs and the
adequacy of contractor's management systems.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,813,900 and 22 permanent workyears for
this program in 1983, a decrease of $289,000 from 1982. The decrease reflects
the completion of initial implementation efforts. In 1983, the OIG will submit
the final report to Congress which will appraise the adequacy of Superfund
administration to ensure that established policies and procedures are being
SF-46
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followed; that all receipts and disbursements are properly authorized and record-
ed; and that claims are appropriately and expedltiously considered. In addition,
the DIG will continue to conduct and coordinate external audits of State agencies
and other Superfund contractors, as necessary, to ensure the integrity of the
Fund's administration.
NATURAL RESOURCE, CLAIMS
1981 Accomplishments
No funds were available for this activity 1n 1981.
1982 Program
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$40,000 $40,000
The net Increase of +$40,000 results from the following action:
"" Restructuring. (+$40,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
this program element was created.
In 1982, the Agency is allotting $^0,000 and one permanent werkyear for
the activities of the Board of Arbitrators. The Board was established under
section 112 (a) of CERCLA and 1s authorized to make the final determinations
on disputed claims for natural resource damages. In 1982, the Agency efforts are
focusing on establishing the Board and holding Initial hearings on any unresolved
claims.
1933Program Request
The Agency requests $40,000 and one permanent workyear in 1983 to continue
the activities of the Board of Arbitrators. These funds will enable the Board
to continue to carry out Its responsibilities under section 112 (a) of CERCLA.
COMPUTER SERVICES
1981Accomplishments
No funds were available for this activity 1n 1981.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$950,000 $950,000
The net Increase of +$950,000 results from the following action:
Restructuring. (+$950,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
this program element was created,
1982 Program
The Agency is allotting S950.000 to provide timeshare services from our
National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. These
funds are providing computer services for the entire Superfund program.
SF-47
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1983 Program Request
The Agency requests $1,435,000 to provide timeshare services for the
Superfund program in 1983. This increase of $485,000 reflects the cost of
collecting, storing and processing additional data as the systems become fully
operational.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGALL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1981 Accpmplishments
In 1931, the Agency obligated $25,500 and .6 permanent workyears for this
program. These resources provided legal advice to the Superfund program in the
initial implementation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA).
1982 Explanation of Changes from January^Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Jstimate
$120,000 $120,000
The net increase of +1120,000 results from the following action:
~ Restructuring. (+$120,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
this program element was created.
1982L Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting a total of $120,000 and two permanent work-
years to this program.
The 1982 Headquarters program provides advice and consultation on financial
and administrative matters such as eligible uses of the Fund and appropriations,
staffing, and budget activities; legal guidance in program matters such as statu-
tory interpretation and revision of the National Contingency Plan; and coordina-
tion with and support of the enforcement litigation program.
19S3 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $280,300 and 5.8 permanent workyears for
this program, an increase of $160,300 and 3.8 permanent workyears. The increase
reflects a need for increased legal support to defend Agency Superfund decisions
and policies implemented In the first two years of the program.
The 1983 Headquarters program will provide Increased support to the Super-
fund program through advice and assistance to Agency managers. This includes
consultation on financial and administrative matters; legal support for the
development and defense of regulations and disbursement decisions; legal guidance
on statutory interpretation and development of response priorities; and support
to the enforcement litigation program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES-REGIONS ,
1981 AccomolIshments
In 1981, the Agency obligated $56,900 and .8 permanent workyears to this
program. With these resources, the Regional Counsels assisted in establishing
Cooperative Agreements for State agencies to administer the Superfund program.
In addition, they provided advice on legal problems associated with EPA removal
or remedial activities.
SF-48
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1982 Explanation ofChanges from[January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$200,000 $206,100
The net increase of +$206,100 results from several actions, as follows:
' ^structuring. (+$200,000) With the restructuring of Operations Support,
this program element was created.
" Reprogrammlng. (+$6,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several miscellaneous reprogranmings, which are not reportable to Congress,
were made to this activity and resulted 1n a net increase of +$6,100.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency 1s allotting a total of $206,100 and one permanent work-
year to this program.
The 1982 Regional program Includes such activities as 1) reviewing State
Cooperative Agreements for legal sufficiency; 2) providing legal guidance to
States preparing to qualify for Cooperative Agreements; and 3) responding to
challenges to enforcement activities.
1983ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $236,000 and one permanent workyear for
this program, an Increase of $29,900. The increase reflects Increased Agency
Superfund activity.
The Regional program will continue to be directed to providing legal
assistance in the review of State Cooperative Agreements and responding to
challenges to enforcement activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE OFFICEOF POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1981 Accomplishments
In 1981, the total resources obligated to this activity were $16,400 and .7
permanent workyears. These resources supported the Office of the Comptroller
(OC) in the Office of Resource Management and were used to revise the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund 1982 budget and to coordinate, prepare and defend
the 1983 OMB budget request, to establish policies for Fund control and to eval-
uate resource utilization.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January'Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate jstlmate
$280,000 $280,000
The net increase of +$280,000 results from several actions:
- geprggramming. (+$280,000) As a result of the Agency's recent reorganiza-
tion,Superfund resources for the Office of the Comptroller, (+$280,000) were
transferred from Hazardous Substance Financial Management to the Hazardous
Substance Policy and Resources Management program element.
SF-49
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T_96g Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting 5280,000 and two permanent workyears to this
activity. The OC is conducting analyses, making recommendations and formulating
the 1983 Congressional Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund Budget, providing
allowances and other budget control mechanisms, reviewing and analyzing 1983
operating plans, directing the 1984 budget planning process and identifying and
analyzing resource issues.
1983 ProgramRequest
In 1983, this program element includes activities formerly funded under the
Hazardous Substance Planning and Evaluation program element. The request of
SI,432,100 and seven permanent workyears for the Office of Policy and Resource
Management including $280,000 and three workyears for the Office of the Comp-
troller and $1,152.1 and four workyears for the Offices of Policy Analysis (OPA),
Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE), and Standards and Regulations (OSRK
This represents a decrease of $1,207,900 and an increase of one permanent work-
year from 1982 in the consolidated program. The decrease 1n contract support
reflects the completion of several efforts supporting Agencywide initial Imple-
mentation efforts.
OC will conduct analyses, make recommendations and formulate the 1984 Haz-
ardous Substance Response Trust Fund budget, analyze and review workload and
pricing analyses, issue allowances and other budget control mechanisms, review
and analyze 1984 operating plans, direct the 1985 budget planning process, ana-
lyze resource trends and undertake special analysis to support resource manage-
ment decision making. In addition, OC will work with the Department of the
Treasury in developing required Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund pro-
jections. OPA will conduct analyses in support of regulatory activities,
develop guidelines for cost-effective analysis of remedial response and undertake
a number of other policy, economic and financial efforts to assist in achievement
of overall program goals. OMSE will operate a tracking and accountability system,
assess program information requirements and information systems, and evaluate
other issues of management concern in order to identify steps that can be taken
to strengthen program performance. OSR will review technical assessments of
selected remedial responses, quality assurance measures for remedial site Inves-
tigations, lab practices, and chain of custody and documentation procedures to
ensure compliance with the applicable Agency regulations, guidelines, policies
and procedures.
SF-50
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I Ihwl ^wi ^9^r vni ^tir ^Hl^ ^fcwl mNlr ^«F vl^in& ^H^ ^M^
Response Actions
SECTION TAB
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response Actions
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill 4
Site Response
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Assessing & Replacing
Natural Resources
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
TOTAL
$24,018.7
$24,018.7
$24,018.7
$136,680.0 $135,989.8 $184,729.9 $48,740.1
$3,500.0 $1,500.0 $1,007.8 -$492.2
$140,180.0 $137,489.8 $185,737.7 $48,247.9
$140,180,0 $137,489.8 $185,737.7 $48,247.9
PERMANENT FULL-TIME WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill &
Site Response
Assessing & Replacing
Natural Resources
39.2
222.0 222.0 243.1 21.1
1.0 1.0
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SUPERFUNQ
Hazardous Substance Response Actions
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
19fll ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
39.2
222.0 222.0 244.1 22.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill *
Site Response
Assessing 5 Replacing
Natural Resources
44.1
261.0 261.0 285.9 24.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
44.1
262.0 262.0 286.9 24.9
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response Actions
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $185,737,700 and 244.1 permanent work/ears
for 1983, an increase of $48,247,900 and 22.1 permanent workyears over 1982.
The increase in dollar resources reflects a shift in 1983 from program develop-
ment to field implementation. The primary emphasis in the early years of the
program has been on developing the basic policies and guidance necessary to
implement the program. 1983 activities will be focused on much more resource
intensive field activities necessary to carry out the program's basic mission of
effective spill and site response.
ProgramDescription
This program is responsible for protecting public health and the environ-
ment from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous substances Into the
environment. The activities include responding to spills and releases of hazard-
ous substances, cleaning up abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, and
assessing and replacing natural resources damaged by hazardous substances. The
authority to carry out these activities Is provided by the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). Funds to
implement the program are provided from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund which is composed of excise taxes Imposed on oil and chemical industries
and revenues from the General Fund.
Hazardous Sol11 and SIte Response The Environmental Protection Agency co-
ordinates ah emergency response program to deal with the most serious hazardous
material spills and site emergencies where the responsible party or State and
local governments are unable to respond adequately.
Approximately 10,000 uncontrolled and potentially hazardous waste sites have
been Identified. Upwards of 2,000 of these sites could pose a major threat to
puDlic health or the environment and therefore require some cleanup or enforce-
ment action. The Environmental Protection Agency has developed a multi-year
program to deal with the most serious sites identified In conjunction with the
States.
Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources Section III of CERCLA authoriz-
es payments for costs assoclated wi th Federal or State efforts to restore, reha-
bilitate, replace or acquire the equivalent of natural resources damaged as a
result of hazardous substance releases. EPA, in conjunction with other Federal
agencies, will determine if significant or Irreplaceable damage to natural re-
sources has resulted from a release of hazardous substances; determine the eco-
nomic Impact of any such damage; evaluate alternatives for restoring or replacing
these damaged natural resources; and pay the costs of restoration or rehabilita-
tion.
HAZARDOUS SPILL AMD SITERESPONSE
1981 Accomplishments
A total of S24.018.700 and 39.2 permanent workyears was obligated for this
activity in 1981. These resources supported Superfund initial implementation
efforts, including emergency responses and remedial activities. Major Implemen-
tation activities and accomplishments in 1981 consisted of: revision of the
National Contingency Plan to include procedures, responsibilities and standards
for responding to releases of hazardous substances (promulgation in 1982);
development and coordination of policies to ensure consistency of response;
establishment of a national site notification system to determine the universe
SF-53
-------
of potentially hazardous abandoned and uncontrolled sites; development of a
national priority ranking system for the worst known sites; and formulation of
policies to encourage State participation.
Major support activities in 1981 Included: the collection and analysis of
field samples; the provision of special engineering and technical expertise at
non-Federal response sites; training of State and local personnel; and management
of an aerial surveillance contract which provided aerial photography, mapping and
photo analysis.
The major response activities in 1981 were: 3 spill removals and 30
removal actions at sites; cleanup monitoring at 675 hazardous substance inci-
dents; 500 preliminary assessments of sites; 500 site Inspections; and 40 site
investigations. Full field investigations/feasibility studies were started at
10 sites, as well as engineering studies at 5 sites and remedial Implementa-
tion at 1 site.
1982 Explanation of Changes from January Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
$136,680,000 $135,989,800
The net increase of +$135,989,800 results from several actions, as follows:
" Mstructuring. (+$136,680,000) With restructuring of Hazardous Sub-
stance ........ Respohse, this new program element .was created. .......
" ^programming. (+$109,800) During the development of the operating
pi an, several mi seel 1 aneous reprogrammings, which are not reportable to
Congress, were made to this activity and resulted in a net increase of
+$109,800.
Acti ons . (-$800,000) A reduction of -$800,000 was applied
to the Hazardou s Substance Response Trust Fund to meet Congressional ly
mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting a total of 5135,989,800 and 222 permanent
workyears to this activity. These resources provide support for 30 immediate
spill removals, 45 immediate site removals, 15 planned removals, 8,000 prelimi-
nary assessments, 1,500 site inspections, 300 site investigations, 42 full field
Investigations/feasibility studies; 10 engineering designs; and 7 remedial imple-
mentations. State participation remains a high priority in 1982. Resources are
being used for cooperative agreements under which States manage removal and re-
medial projects. The Agency expects to have between 15 an
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AGENCY AMOUNT
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES $3,344,000
JUSTICE 2,000,000
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
AGENCY 200,000
COMMERCE (NOAA) 400,000
TRANSPORTATION (USCG) 1.483.000
TOTAL $7,427,000
Examples of the specific activities that are being carried out with these
funds include developing guidelines for conducting studies at priority sites,
response training for Coast Guard personnel; development of guidelines for per-
manent relocation by the Federal Emergency Mangement Agency (FEMA); staff costs
for litigation support by the Department of Justice; and equipment to support
the conduct of natural resource damage assessments by the Department of Commerce.
In addition, reimbursable funding for the Incident specific activities 1n
direct support of EPA Initiated response actions taken by these and other agen-
cies will be provided as the need for these services arises.
1983 Program. Request
The Agency requests a total of $184,729,900 and 243.1 permanent .vorkyears
for this program. This 1s an increase of $48,740,100 and 21.1 permanent work-
years from 1982, which reflects a significant Increase in field activities, and
the proportionally greater oversight and management they require. The basic
groundwork to identify the most serious problem sites through the reporting
requirements mandated under Section I03(c)(1) of CERCLA along with the actual
site Investigations and assessements performed in the field will be concluded
In 1983. The resources for remedial activities will be devoted to planning and
carrying out cleanup actions.
Resources requested for 1983 will continue the emergency response program
for major spills and releases at hazardous waste sites. The Agency's request
provides for 50 immediate spill removals at hazardous substance spills, 30
immediate site removals and 30 planned removals at various hazardous substance
sites. An estimated 500 removal actions taken by responsible parties will be
monitored on-scene and another 2,000 will be monitored in the office.
For remedial activities, the requested resources will support 2,000 pre-
liminary assessments, 500 site Inspections, and 100 site investigations. The
Agency will undertake 56 full field investigatons and feasibility studies at the
worst known sites along with 20 remedial designs and 11 remedial actions." The
resources requested for State activities will be devoted to developing the
Cooperative Agreements with States necessary before remedial action can begin or
Cooperative Agreements which give a State lead responsibility for a particular
response activity. In 1983, States will be in charge of the remedial work at
approximately 30% of the action being taken.
1983 will mark a significant shift in priorities for this program. Activi-
ties in 1981 and 1982 have been focused on developing the basic policies and
management systems necessary to ensure effective Implementation of field response
activities. As mentioned, these Include revision of the National Contingency
Plan, development of community relations strategies, and guidelines for maximiz-
ing State participation 1n the program. In addition, the work necessary to
identify problem sites and set priorities for enfprcement and cleanup action will
be completed.
SF-S5
-------
In 1983, the Agency's energies will be directed toward carrying out the pro-
gram's primary mission, effective field response at both spills and uncontrolled
or abandoned sites. To this end, expected program accomplishments in 1983 will
be heavily weighed toward site preparation activities at sftes on the recently
published Interim Priority List. These activities Include full field investiga-
tions and feasibility studies to determine the relative merits of various pro-
posed remedial measures followed by actual design of the measure that 1s finally
selected. The final result of these preparatory activities will be actual imple-
mentation of selected remedial measures that provide an acceptable level of long
term protection.
Finally, 1983 will be the first full year of cooperation among various Federal
agencies with responsibilities under the program. The proposed resource levels
and activities of these agencies have been identified through the Implementation
of an Interagency budget process mandated by Executive Order 12316. EPA will be
working closely with these agencies in 1983 to ensure a coordinated federal
effort to carry out the provisions of CERCLA. Resources in support of the
incident specific activities of other agencies will be provided through reim-
bursable agreements. Examples of incident specific activities that may be per-
formed by other agencies include epidemlologlc studies at priority sites by HHS,
permanent relocation of Individuals at priority sites by FEMA, and Coast Guard
response to hazardous spill incidents occurring in coastal waters. These actions
will be triggered by EPA on-scene personnel and other agencies will be reimbursed
once their specific actions are completed.
ASSESSING AMD. REPLACING NATURAL RESOURCES
1981 Accompl 1 shments
During 1981, no funds were obligated for this activity*
1982 Explanation of 'Changes from vlanuary_Budget Estimate
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
S3.500.000 $1, 500,000
The net Increase of +$1,500,000 results from several actions:
(+$3,500,000) With restructuring of Hazardous Substance
new program element was created.
- Cong res si pnal Actions . (-$2,000,000) A reduction of -52,000,000 was
applied to the Hazardous' Substance Response Trust Fund to meet Congres-
sionally mandated appropriation levels.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency is allotting a total of $1,500,000 to this program of
which 11,460,000 is for extramural activities. These contract resources Can
support up to four damage assessments and pay for one restoration.
1983 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,007,800 and one permanent workyear
for this program of which 5960,000 1s for extramural purposes. This decrease
of $492,200 reflects the anticipation that there will be few natural resources
damage claims. Damage assessments for these claims will be prepared through
interagency agreements with other Federal agencies or through private contracts.
These contract resources will support up to two damage assessments and pay for
one restoration.
SF-56
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SUPERFUND
Interagency Support
ACTUAL JANUARY MARCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE-
1982 1982 1982 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
7
Interagency Support
HHS
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Interagency Support
USCG
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Interagency Support
Justice
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Interagency Support
NOAA
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
$3.292.0 $3,292.0
$1.514.8 $1,514.8
$2,100.0 $2,100.0
$365.0 $365.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Trust Fund
Interagency Support TOTAL
$7,271.8 $7,271.8
$7,271.8 $7,271.8
-------
SUPERFUNO
Interagency Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,271,800 for Interagency Support activi-
ties in 1983. The requested resources will support the ongoing Superfund program
activities of the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, Transporta-
tion (USCG) and Commerce (NOAA). In 1983 these ongoing activities will be funded
through allocation accounts. In 1982, these activites are funded under the
Hazardous Spill and Site Response program element.
Program Description
Executive Order 12316, signed by the President in August of 1981, requires
EPA to manage an Interagency budget process culminating in a consolidated budget
request for the entire Superfund program to OMB and Congress,, The activities of
other Federal agencies Mill be divided Into two basic categories. The first cat-
egory Includes those activities which are episodic in nature and taken in direct
support of site or spill response actions. Funds to support these activities
are included in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program element. The
second category of other Federal Agency Involvement concerns support for ongoing
activities such as basic management structure, and the development of policies,
guidelines and manuals. EPA will transfer these resources to appropriate agencies
through allocation transfers.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
1983 Program Request
A total of $3,292,000 is requested for the Department to carry out the
following health related functions.
0 Scientific support for the review of incident specific test results for
indications of possible human health hazard.
0 Development of health related field guidance 1n support of EPA emergency
response actions.
0 Development of standard guidelines for the conduct of health and epi-
demiological studies at priority sites.
0 Production of worker health and safety technical guidance and field
manuals for Individuals involved in response actions.
0 Development of staff to conduct short term toxlcological tests at spe-
cific sites and augmentation of HHS data systems to include information
on specific chemicals.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
1983 Program Request
A total of $1,514,800 is requested for1 this agency in the following areas:
0 Personnel costs and safety equipment in support of USCG initiated
actions.
° Response training costs for USCG personnel.
0 Staff costs for upgrading of capabilities at the national Response Center.
SF-58
-------
e Upgrading of field data systems in support of USCG Initiated response
actions.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
1983 P rogram Request
A total of 52,100,000 is requested for ongoing litigation activities by the
Land and Natural Resources Division in support of EPA enforcement cases.
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AMD ATMOSPHERIC ADHIHISTRATION (NOAA)
1983 Program Request
A total of 3365,000 is requested for equipment to support natural resource
damage assessment actions Initiated by EPA.
SF-59
-------
SUPERFUHD
USC6 Oil Pollution Fund
ACTUAL JANUARY HftRCH CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1981 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1983 DECREASE -
1982 1982 1962 1983 VS 1982
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
fl
USCG Oil Pollution Fund
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
USCG 011 Pollution
Fund
TOTAL
$6,742.9
$6,742.9
$6,742.9
-------
S'JPERFUND
Coast Guard Oil Pollution Fund
Budget Request
No funds are requested for this activity In 1983.
Section 221(b)(3) of The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) required that one half of the balance
remaining in the Coast Guard's Oil Pollution Fund at the time CERCLA was enacted
be transferred to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. Accordingly, a
total of 56,742,900 was transferred in February of 1981.
COAST GUARD OIL POLLUTION FUND
1-981 Accomplishments
In 1981 a total of $6,742,900 was obligated for this activity. These funds
were used to support field activities at abandoned and uncontrolled sites and
hazardous substance spills.
1962Program
Resources to undertake this activity in 1982 are contained in the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund.
1983 Program
Resources to undertake this activity In 1983 will be contained in the Haz-
ardous Substance Response Trust Fund.
SF-61
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSES
Contents
Page
EPA Organization Chart ; Sft-2
EPA Regional Offices - Locations SA-3
Summary of Resources . SA-4
Workyears and Budget Authority, By Media and Appropriation, 1982 SA-7
Workyears and Budget Authority, By Media and Appropriation, 1983....... SA-8
Total Funds obligated, 1982 5A-9
Total Funds obligated, 1983 SA-11
Positions by Grade and Average Employment SA-13
Classification by Object:
Research and Devel opment SA-17
Abatement, Control and Compllance SA-19
Sal artes and Expenses ..... SA-24
Buildings and Facilities SA-32
Scientific Activities Overseas... SA-34
Regulatory Council SA-35
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund SA-36
-------
US ENVfflONMEMIAL PKOItCTKM AOENCV
Ofnc
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ntOKM vm Beaton n
BCHVtN SANFfUWCiSCO
HEQION 91
SFATtLF
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
Region I Headquarters, Boston, Hassachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
Hew Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region II Headquarters. New York, New York
Hew Jersey, Hew York, Puerto RICO
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
del aware, Maryland, Pennsylvanla,
Virginia, West Virginia, District of
Columbia
Region IV Headquarters, Atianta, Georgla
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headquarters, Pallas, Texas
Arkansas, New Mexico, Texas,
Oklahoma, Louisiana
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Missouri
lowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region VIM Headquarters, Denver, Col pradp
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IX Headquarters, San Francisco, California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories
of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands
Region X Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Resources
(dollars In thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority...
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Full-time Horkyears...
Total Workyears
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Budget Author!ty.,..V...........
Obi 1 gallons,
Outlays.....
Permanent Ful 1 -time Horkyears -.-..
Total Workyears
Research and Development
Budget Author1ty
Ob 11ga 11 on s
Outlays............,*....,....«*
Scientific Activities Overseas
Budget Authority.
Obi 1 gallons
Ou tl ays
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authon ty................
Obiigatlons
Ou tl ay s. ,
Actual
1981
$561,693.9
549,030.2
543,377.8
10,377.2
12,641.0
534,794.0
522,513.2
559,390.2
» »
34.2
250,485.7
198,606.9
247,008.2
162.0
1,156.7
4,115,0
3,104.4
1,454.5
Current
Estimate
1982
$555,105.7
555,105.7
597,512.0
9,259.2
11,509.2
372,969.7
395,250.0
453,435.0
154,315.6
188,509.0
206,464.0
805,0
1,300.0
3,621.0
4,837.0
3,537.0
Estimate
1983
$538,113.2
538,113.2
548,869.0
8,069.8
9,821.0
311,575.0
320,408,0
387,165.0
108,703.8
130,260.0
165,648.0
700.0
1,200.0
3,000.0
3,864.0
3,559.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-$16,992.5
-16,992.5
-48,643.0
-1,189.4
-1,688.2
-61,394.7
-74,842.0
-66,270.0
-45,611.8
-58,249.0
-40,816.0
-10S.O
-100.0
-621.0
-973.0
+22.0
-------
Construction Grants
Budget Authorlty
Obi i gattons
Outlays
Hazardous Substance Response
Tryst Fumf
Budget Author)ty..................
Dbl 1 gatlons
Outlays.
Permanent Full-time Workyears
Total Horkyears
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obi 1gatlons.......................
Ou tl ays
Revolving Fund
Obligations
Ou tl ays
Trust Funds
Budget £uthor1 ty
Obi1gatlons.
Outlays
Reimbursements
Obligations..
. Permanent Full-time Horkyears....<
Total Horkyears.
Actual
1981
$1,604,837.0
3,941,567.1
3,881,172.7
74,742.9
40,283.1
8,038.7
67.3
75.1
589.1
2,257.6
501.0
-63.0
12.0
3.0
2.3
21,269.5
54.6
62.9
Current
Estimate
1982
$2,400,000.0
3,409,458.0
4,050,000.0
190,000.0
190,000.0
117,743.0
503.0
584.0
1,442.0
2,000.0
700.0
100.0
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
Estimate
1983
$2,400,000.0
2,400,000.0
3,350,000.0
230,000.0
230,000.0
188,000.0
516.4
592.2
500.0
700.0
100.0
25.0
20.0
30,000.0
58.8
67.8
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-1,009,458.0
-700,000.0
+40,000.0
+40,000.0
+70,257.0
+13.4
+8.2
-1,442.0
-1,500.0
-------
>
Enforcement
outlays,
Regulatory Council
tidget Autnorl^yT.............
ObiIgallons...................
Ou tl ays
Permanent Full-time Workyears.
Total Morkyears...
Payment to the Hazardous Substance
Response trust fund
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays..
TotalI, EnvlroflBenta'1 Protection Agency
Budget Autnority...................
Ob-1 Igatfons.
Outlays ..... .
Permanent Full-time Workyears......
Total Workyears
Actual
1981
3,189.9
2,500.0
2,412.2
2,254.8
10.0
24.1
(9,000.0)
(9,000.0)
$3,031,180.5
5,280j041.7
5.249,240.4
10,509.1
If,837.5
Current
Estimate
1982
3,088.0
613.0
(26,600.0)
126,600.0)
(26,600.0)
$3,676,012.0
4,776,131.7
5,435,812.0
9.821.0
12.1-61.0
Estimate
1983
(44,000.0)
(44.000.0)
(44,000.0)
$3.591,392.0
3,654,070.2
4,645.061.0
8,645.0
10,481.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-3,088.0
-613.0
(+17,400.0)
(+17,400.0)
(+17,400.0)
-$84,620.0
-1,122,061.5
-790,751.0
-1,176.0
-1,680.0
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1982 Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars In thousands)
Air
Water Quality.,
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation..............
Noise
Interdisciplinary......
Toxic Substances
Energy....
Management and Support.
Subtotal,
Buildings and Facilities..........
Reimbursements
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Payment to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Subtotal,
Construction Grants,
Total...
Salaries
Permanent
Full-time
Morkyears
1 ,642.0
2,246.3
499.4
609.5
744.6
149.3
25.2
196.4
686.5
131.9
2,328.1
9,259.2
* *
-* *
* *
* *
9,259.2
» * *
9,259,2
* Expenses
Amount
$77,517.8
105,011.4
24,269.7
29,200.9
31,238.4
8,291 .1
1 ,802.1
9,791.3
35,703.4
11,221.8
221,057.8
$555,105.7
*
* *
...
» *
$555,105.7
*
$555,105.7
Abatement,
Control 8
Conpl 1 ance
Amount
$112,193,0
110,530.5
40,989.9
56,480,9
22,220.4
1 ,394.7
208.5
4,216.5
24,735.3
...
...
$372,969.7
« *
* *
...
*
$372,969.7
*
$372,969.7
Research 1
Development
Mount
$30,051,1
21 ,254.8
18,571.5
21,546.3
279.3
692.9
« »
3,710.1
16,939.1
41,270.5
* *
$154,315.6
* »
9 * *
...
* *
$154,315.6
...
$154.315.6
Total
Permanent
Full-time
Horkyears
1,642.0
2,246.3
499.4
609.5
744.6
149.3
25.2
196.4
686.5
131 .9
2,328.1
9,259.2
«
58.8
503.0
9,821 .0
...
9,821.0
Amount
$219,761 ,9
236,796.7
83,831.1
107,228.1
53,738.1
10,378.7
2,010.6
17,717.9
77,377.8
52,492.3
221,057.8
$1,082,391.0
3,621.0
...
190,000.0
(26,600.0)
1,276,012.0
2,400,000.0
$3,676,012.0
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1983 Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars In thousands)
CD
Air.., .-.
Mater Quality
Drinking Hater
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides.
Radiation.
Noise-.....-
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances........
Energy.........
Management and Support.
Subtotal,
Buildings and Facilities.......
Reimbursements.»
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
Payment to the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund
Subtotal
Construction Grants.
Salaries
Permanent
Full-time
Workyears
1,333.2
1 ,849.5
455.5
557.0
660.9
135.1
*-*
310.3
607.7
61.8
2,098.8
8,069.8
...
...
* *
8,069.8
...
& Expenses
Amount
$67,171.9
92.084.7
24,515.9
31 ,700.4
28,139.4
7,917.8
15,437.6
33,852.3
7,019.4
230,273.8
$538,113.2
* *
* 9
$538,113.2
...
Abatement,
Control &
Compliance
Amount
$92,800.8
85,029.3
31,775.9
53,926.1
20,534.4
2,195.7
2,709.8
22,603.0
* * »
* *
$311,575.0
» * *
* * *
* «*
* * »
$311,575.0
* *
Research 4
Development
. Amount
$24,080.6
8,851 .7
13,458.3
17,717.2
2,108.2
237.6
2,590.7
12,148.7
27,510.8
* *
$108,703.8
* * *
* *
* *
» *
$108,703.8
» * *
Total
Permanent
Full -time
Iterkyears
1,333.2
1 ,849.5
455.5
557.0
660.9
135.1
310.3
607.7
61.8
2,098.8
8,069.8
» * *
58.8
516.4
*
8,645.0
6 B
Amount
$184,053.3
185,965.7
69,750.1
103,343.7
50,782.0
10,351.1
20,738.1
68,604.0
34,530.2
230,273.8
$958,392.0
3,000.0
**
230,000.0
(44,000.0)
1,191,392.0
2,400,000.0
Total,
8,069.8 $538,113.2 $311,575.0
$108,703.8
8,645.0 $3,591,392.0
-------
1/1
>
I
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Total Funds Obligated, 1982
(In thousands of dollars)
Research and Development
Hater Qua! 1 ty . . . ,
Pesticides... . ....
Interdi sci pi 1 nary
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Mater Qua! 1 ty
DM nM ng Water
Hazardous Waste
Radiation.
Nol s*>
Interdi sdpl inary.
Salaries and Expenses
Kir.'-'.'... .'.".".".': .'..".".'...'. ,';V.".'. . .... " "
Water Quality.
Drinking Mater. ............... ... . .
Radiation. ...... i ......
Nol s«=
Ma na dement and Suooort ..
Unobligated
Balance
Budget Brought
Authority Forward
$154,315.6 +$57,768.0
30,051.1 +8,454.7
21,254.8 +12,394.0
18,571.5 +4,642.2
21,546.3 +1,942.8
279.3 +2,325.3
692,9 +386.9
3,710,1 +258,5
16,939.1 +5,149.0
41,270.5 +21,214.6
372,969.7 +32,113.0
HZ, 193.0 +4,814.8
110,530.5 +6,379.0
40,989.9 +678.6
56,480.9 +8,553.0
22,220.4 +2,550.5
1,394.7 +300.7
208.5 +831,4
4,216.5 +93.8
24,735.3 +7,911.2
555,105.7
//.bl/.H
105,011.4
24,269.7
29 ,200.9
31,238.4
8,291.1
1,802.1
9,791.3
35,703.4
11,221.8
221.057.8
Ifnobl 1 gated
Balance
Carried Total
Forward Obligations
-$23,574.6 $188,509
-3,468.8 35,037
-5,087.9 28,560
-1,832.7 21,381
-1,111.1 22,378
-906.6 1,698
-150.8 929
-100.6 3,868
-2,389.1 20,699
-8,527.0 53,968
-9,832.7 395,250
-lr4Z1.6 llb,58l>
-1,883.8 115,025
-200.2 41 ,468
-2,525.8 62,508
-1,101.3 23,669
-89.5 1 ,605
-245.0 794
-28.6 4,281
-2,336.9 30,309
555,105
77, 5!/
105,011
24,269
29,200
31,238
8,291
1,802
9,791
35,703
11,221
221,057
.0
.0
.9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.
-------
Buildings and Facilities
Scientific Activities Overseas
Construction Grants
Operations, Research and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
Total...
Budget
Authority
3,621.0
0 *
2, 400, MO. 0
» * *
190,000.0
$3.676.012.0
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
+2,306.0
+3,143.0
+1,009,458.0
+1,442.0
+34,460.0
+$1.140.690.0
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
-1,090.0
-2,338.0
» a
*
-34,460.0
-$71,295.3
Total
Obligations
4,837.0
805.0
3,409,458.0
1,442.0
190,000.0
$4.745,406.7
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Total Funds Obligated, 1983
(thousands of dollars)
Unobl 1 gated
Balance
Budget Brought
Authority Forward
Research and Development
Hater Quality. . .
Iflterdl sclpllnary. ,
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Mater Qual 1 ty . .-.
Drl nklng Water .....................
Hazardous Waste.
Noise..
Toxic Substances.
Salaries and Expenses
Pesticides..
Radiation.
Noise »
Toxic Substances.
Management and Support
$108
24
8
13
17
2
2
12
27
311
92
65
31
53
20
2
2
22
538
67
92
24
31
28
7
15
33
7
230
,703.8 +$23,574.6
,080.6 +3,468.8
,851.7 +5,087.9
,458.3 +1,832.7
,717.2 +1,111.1
,108.2 +906.6
237.6 +150.8
,590.7 +100.6
,148.7 +2,389.1
,510.8 +8,527.0
,575.0 +9,832.7
,800.8 +1,421.6
,029.3 +1,883.8
,775.9 +200.2
,926.1 +2,525.8
,534.4 +1,101.3
,195.7 +89.5
+245.0
,709.8 +28.6
,603.0 +2,336.9
,113.2
,171.9
,084.7
,515.9
,700.4
,139.4
,917.8
,43?! 6 !
,852.3
,019.4
.273.8
Unobligated
Balance
Carried Total
Forward Obligations
-$2,018.4 $130,260.0
-308.4 27,241.0
-598.6 13,341.0
15,291.0
-471.3 18,357.0
-22.8 2,992.0
-3.4 385.0
-2.3 2,689.0
-46.8 14,491.0
-564.8 35,473.0
-999.7 320,408.0
-24.3 94,198.1
-44.8 86,868.3
31,976.1
-101.3 56,350.6
-496.1 21,139.6
2,285.2
-205.0 40.0
2,738.4
-128.2 24,811.7
538,113.2
b/,i/i.y
92,084.7
24,515.9
31,700.4
28,139.4
7,917.8
!.' 15, 437 '.6
** 33 ,852 3
7,019.4
230,273.8
-------
Budget
Authority
Unobl1 gated
Balance
Brought
Forward
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
Total
Obligations
Buildings and Facilities
3.000.0
,090.0
-226.0
3,864.0
Scientific Activities Overseas
+2,338.0
-1,638.0
700.0
Construction Grants
2,400.000.0 42.400,000.0
-2,400.000.0
2.400.000.0
Operatlons, Research and Facl11t1es
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
230,000.0
i:
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Grades
Executive Level II..
Executive Level III.
Executive Level IV,.
Executive Level V...
Subtotal,,..
ES-6...
ES-5........ ,..
ES-4...
ES-3...
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal....
GS-16.,
6S/GM-15
6S/GH-14
GS/GH-13 .
GS-12.. 1
SS-11...............
GS-10
GS-9.
GS-8.....
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
6S-3...
GS-2.... . ...
GS-1
Subtotal.,,.
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Positions By Grade and Average Employment
Actual
1981
8
30
96
32
28
24
218
10
549
1,127
1,733
1,871
1,143
62
760
180
719
S29
653
327
77
7
1
Current
Estimate
1982
1
1
8
1
11
8
30
96
32
28
24
218
10
492
1,007
1,568
1,652
1,021
55
697
166
659
473
585
282
69
7
1
Estimate
1983
1
1
8
1
11
8
30
96
32
28
24
218
10
424
870
1,237
1,576
886
49
582
150
542
407
512
255
63
5
1
9,748
8,744
7,569
-------
Current
Actual Estimate estimate
Grades 1981 1982 1983
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Assistant Surgeon General, $36,072 to
$50,160.......... .-.
Director grade, $26.736 to $46,188 » .. 46 42 37
Senior grade, $21,394 to $37,680 101 88 79
Full grade, $18,024 to $31,512............... 79 69 65
Senior assistant grade, $16,740 to $27,252... 45 40 37
Assistant grade, $14,604 to $20,173 2 1 1
Subtotal........... 273 240 219
Positions established by act of
November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C. 201) compensation
for which Is not to exceed the maximum rate
payable for a GS-18 . .. 30 30 30
Ungraded... . ...... TOD 75 82
Total permanent positions... 10,378 9,318 8,129
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
U.S. REGULATORY COUNCIL
Postlon By Grade and Average Employment
Grades
Actual
1981
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
GS/GH-15.
GS-12....
5S-10....
GS-9.....
GS-8.,...
Total pennanent positions.
11
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Pos1tlons By Grade and Average Employment
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1981 1982 1983
ES-4 2 4 4
ES-1.,.. 1 I 2
Subtotal
GS/GH-15 ........ . ....................... . ...... 18 40 41
GS/GH-14....... ......... ...... ..... . ...... ..... 23 51 52
GS/GM-13 ....... . ........ . .......... . ..... . ..... 40 87 89
GS-12 .................... . ................. .... 58 126 130
GS-11 ........ *-. ....... .... ....... . ----- ...... ... 34 74 76
GS-10... ................ * ...................... 2 4 5
GS-9. ........... ......... ........... ...... ........ ... 13 29 29
GS-8.... ............. ......... ..... ....... ..... 5 11 11
GS-7 ............... ...... ............... . ...... 9 20 20
GS-6 ......... . -------- ... ............. ......... ,. 24 5
GS-5 ................ ... ..... .... ..... . ...... ..... 12 26 27
GS-4 ........................................... 9 20 20
GS-3 _____ ....... ----- .... ...... , ...... ..... ...... 12 2
Subtotal 226 494 507
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207h
Director grade, $26,736 to $46,188 . 22 2
Senior assistant grade, $16,740 to $27,252... 1 T 1
Subtotal 33 3
Total Permanent positions. 232 503 516
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
22 Transportation of things....
23. 2 Communications, utilities, and other rent...
31 Equipment
41 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Total other objects.
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICAT1
Actual
1981
Other Services $130,631 .0
Changes to this object class Include:
Congressional reduction to meet appropriation
Adjustment for Increase In carryover......
Actual
1981
$13.0
13.0
123.3
130.631. 'o
76.0
14.0
67,736.6
$198.606.9
$198,606.9
ONS
January
Estimate
19B2
$161,150.0
Current
Estimate
19B2
$116,68 .0
71,823.0
$188,509.0
$188,509.0
March
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
$70,867.0
59,393.0
$130,260.0
$130,260.0
Current increase +
Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
$116,686.0 $116,686.0 $70,667.0 -$45,819.0
-$963.6
-8,670.5
+120.0
-18,571.6
+28,085.7
-0-
-------
The decrease of $45S819.0 In the 1983 request reflects
a major reduction in contracted research in the energy
program, wltfi smaller reductions In other programs.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Grants, subsidies, and contributions............. $67,736.6 $76,069.0 $71,823.0 $71.823.0 $59,393.0 -$12,430.0
Changes to this object class Include;
Congressional reduction to meet appropriation
levels -. -$6,272.9
Transfer authorl ty -536.4
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes.... +1,380.0
September 12% reduction.» -4,304.4
Adjustment for Increase In carryover +9,733.7
-0-
The decrease of $12,430.0 In the 1983 request
reflects substantial reductions 1n the water quality,
drinking water, and toxic substances programs, with
smaller reductions to other programs.
-------
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
>
i
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Actual
1981
Current
Estimate
1962
Estimate
1983
Personnel Services $709.8
Other Objects:
21 Travel and transportation of persons. $6.6 $75.0
22 Transportation of things 3.3
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent. 148.8 ... ...
24 Printing and reproduction 231.0
25 Other services 224,332.3 147,980.0 $132,481.0
26 Supplies and materials... 12.7
3? Equipment 516.0
32 Lands and structures.... ." 4.0 ... ...
41 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 296,548.7 247.195.0 187,927.0
Total other objects $521.803.4 $395,250.0 $320,408.0
Total obligations , $522,513.2 $395,250.0 $320,408.0
Ppsltlon Data:
Average salary, GS positions $28,209 ... ...
Average grade, GS positions 10.6 ...
EXPLANATION 0£ INCREASES AND DjCREASES TO OBJECT CLASS IF rCAnONS
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Personnel services...... $709.8 $2,760.0
There Is no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
-------
ro
o
Travel and transportation of persons.
There Is no change fn the 1982 estimate.
The decrease of $75.0 reflects the reduced
need for travel associated with the underground
Injection control program.
Transportation of things.
There Is no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
Communications, utilities, and other rent.
There 1s no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
Printing and reproduction.
There Is no change in the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
January March Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1981 1982 1982 1982
$6.6 $85.0
Actual
1981
$146.8
Actual
1981
$75.0
$75.0
January March Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1981 1982 1982 1982
$6.6 $5.0
January Harch Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 1982 1S82
January March Current
Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 1962 1982
$231.0 $25.0
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-$75.0
Increase '+
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Estimate Decrease -
1983 1983 vs. 1982
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -,
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Other services, , . $224,299.2 $224,495.0 $178,628.0 $147,980.0 $132,481.0 -15,499.0
The decrease of $30,648.0 In the 1982 current
estimate results front the following:
Congressional reduction to meet appropriation
levels. -$11,179.1
Transfer authority ,. -2,280.3
September 12% reduction.... -45,706.0
Congressionally restored programs to 12$
reduction:
Chesapeake Bay............. +200.0
Great Lakes. .,.......,,....., +673.4
Stationary source enforcement* . +2.03S.9
Emergency response. +525.0
Energy review and permitting +1,413.8
Congressional add-ons:
Great Lakes +300.0
Chesapeake Bay ,. +130.0
Adjustment for Increase 1n carryover ..,. , +23,239.3
-$30,648.0
The decrease of $15,499.0 In the 1983 request
reflects a reduced contracting level for programs.
-------
f
ro
ro
Supplies and materials.......
Therr Is no change in the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
There Is no change in the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
Lands and structures..........
There Is no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
Grants, subsidies, and contributions $2!
The Increase of $6,958.0 1n the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction to meet appropriation
1 evel s ,
Actual
1981
$12.7
Actual
1981
$516.0
Actual
1981
$4.0
Actual
1981
> 6, 548. 7
January
Estimate
1982
January
Estimate
1982
January
Estimate
1982
January
Estimate
1982
$269,714.0
March
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
$240,237.0
Current
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
$247,195.0
-$464.0
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1983
$187,927.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-$59,258.0
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
September 12* reduction ..... . ........ ........... -$3,890.0
Congressional ly restored programs to 12% reduction:
Rural Water Association ........ . .............. +1,290.0
Pectlcldes certification and training ........ . +1,050.0
Congressional add-ons;
Great Lakes ..... ..... ...... . ......... ......... +1,200.0
Academic training ..... ........ . ....... ........ +1,000.0
Manpower planning and training... ..... .. ...... +2,625.0
Rural Water Association. ..... ..... . ........... +323.0
Clean Lakes .................. .......... ....... +9,000.0
w Chesapeake Bay.... .. ................ . ........ . *870,0
*
£ Adjustment to reflect revised estimate. ... ...... -6,046.0
+$6,958.0
The decrease of $59,268.0 In 1983 reflects lower
State -grant and demonstration grant levels, and a
smaller reduction to other grants.
-------
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(in thousands of dollars]
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1981 1982 1983
Personnel Services. , $375,853,9 $361,471.7 $331,621.1
Other Objects:
21 Travel and transportation of persons......... $12,724.1 $16,565.0 $14,276.1
22 Transportation of things 1,903.4 2,026.0 1,884.7
23.1 Standard level user charges 21,729.0 23,871.0 26,837.0
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent 42,737.9 43,147.2 44,508.6
24 Printing and reproduction. 6,114.1 7,301.9 7,872.1
25 Other services 61,627.2 78,217.7 87,130.3
26 Supplies wtd materials 12,530.3 13,415.9 13,139.6
31 Equipment, . 12,346.5 8,539.3 10,839.7
32 Lands and structures : 44.5
41 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 1,343.9 550.0 4.0
42 Insurance claims and indemnities... 75.4 __in_ ...
Total other objects... $173,176.3 $193,634.0 $206,492.1
Total obligations..... ., $549,030.2 $555,105.7 $538,113.2
Position Data:
Average salary, GS positions.. , - $28,209 $29,563 29,563
Average grade, GS positions...................... 10.6 10.6 10.6
-------
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Personnel .^services. .... $375,853.9 $390,661.4 $357,173.5 $361,471.7 $331,621.1 -$29,850.6
The increase of $4,298.2 In the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet appropriation
levels and reduced workyear celling -$10,249.3
Congressional add-on for personnel costs to
cover review of AWT projects....» +350.0
Congressional add-on for manpower planning
and training +1,478.0
t/t Congressional reduction to OANR Program Management. -80.0
?" Transfer authority transferred Into PC8B... +1,005.1
S Congressional reduct1on,_to Office of Legislation... -129.0
Net Increase from other object classes for PCSB..,. +11,923.4
+$4,298.2
The decrease of $29,850.6 In the 1983 request re-
sults from a reduction of 1,688.2 authorized work years.
-------
r
en
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Travel and transportation of persons $12,724,1 $19,731.0 $16,565.0 $16,565.0 $14,276.1 -$2.288.9
Changes to this object class Include:
Congressional reduction taken to meet appro-
priation levels and reduced workyear
celling..... , -$441.fi
Transfer authority , +397.4
Congressional reduction to Office of Press
Services... -9.2
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes 4-53.4
-0-
The decrease of 2,288.9 In the 1983 request
reflects the reduction-In workyear ceiling.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Transportation of things... $1,903.4 $2,315.7 $2,306.9 $2,026.0 $1,884.7 -$141.3
The decrease of $280.9 in the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet appro-
priation levels and reduced workyear
celling .....»-.- -$431.4
Transfer authority,... +126.0
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes +7.0
Adjustment to cover 1982 estimate +17.5
-$280.9
-------
Standard level user charges.
The decrease of $1,531.0 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects revised projections of SLUG and
direct lease costs.
The Increase of $2,966.0 In the 1983 request
covers the cost of GSA set price increases.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
$21,729.0 $28,253.0 $25,402.0 $23,871.0 $26,837.0 +$2,966,0
January March Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
19B1 1982 1982 1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Communications, utilities, and other rent $42,737.9 $38,012.2 $36,W2.6 $43,147.2 $44,508.6 +$1,361.4
The Increase of $7,054.6 In the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet
appropriation levels and reduced workyear
ceiHrw -$3,433.8
Transfer authorl ty +800.8
Congressional reduction to Office of Press
Services. -6.8
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes.. +128.8
Congressional reduction to Office of
Legislation -1.0
Adjustment to cover 1982 estimate +9,566.6
+$7,054.6
The increase of $1,361.4 In the 1983 request
supports Increasing costs for rental of equipment,
telephones, and the continually rising cost of
utilities.
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 VS. 1982
Printing and reproduction. $6,114.1 $12,658.6 $10,875.7 $7,301.9 $7,872.1 +.$570.2
The decrease of $3,573.8 In the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet
appropriation levels and reduced workyear
ce111 ng -$2,697,6
Transfer authority +501.0
Congressional reduction to Office of Press
Services . -46.0
Congressional reduction to OANR Program
Management. -170.0
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes.... +5.0
Adjustments to cover decreased estimate for
1982 , -1,166.2
The Increase of $570.2 In the 1983 request will
support Increase 1n printing and reproduction costs
and Federal Register changes for the pesticides, toxic
substances, water quality, radiation and program support
programs.
-$3,573.8
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Other services.......... $61,627.2 $118,440.8 $100,366.1 $78,217.7 $87,130.3 +$8,912,6
The decrease of $22,148.4 to the 1982 current
estimate results formt he following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet appro-
priation levels . -$20,147.0
Tranfer Authority.. +11,307.6
Congressional reduction to Office of
Press Services -30.0
Congressional reduction to PIP Contracting
studies -500.0
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes
New estimate of costs based on 1981 actual +405.3
data , -13,184._3
-$22,148.4
The Increase of $8,921.6 in the 1983 request
results-from the following:
Increase to automatic data processing contracts.. +$8,222.4
Increase to provide contract dollars for Inter-
agency agreements that support Regional plan-
ning, evaluation and analysis +563.3
Increase to provide contract dollars for policy
analysis and an integrated approach to the
regulation of toxic programs.. +4,903.0
Offsetting decreases due mainly to a reduced need
for administrative and maintenance service con-
tracts that support the operation of facilities,
equipment, training, publication of notices, and
other related services. » -4,767.1
+$8,921.6
-------
January
Actual Estimate
1981 1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Cstlnate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Supplies and materials , .-, $12,530.3 $16,639.9 $16,027.7 $13,415.9 $13,139.6 -$276.3
The decrease of $2,611.8 In the 1982 current
estimate results form the following:
Congressional reduction taken to Beet
appropriation levels and reduced workyear
celling -$1,848.9
Transfer authority , +740.3
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes. +296.5
Mew estimate based on 1981 actual costs..... -1,799.7
-$2,611.8
The decrease of $276.3 tn the 1983 request
reflects the reduction In authorized work years.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Equipment $12,346.5 $18,540.4 $17,759.5 $8,539.3 $10,839.7 +$2,300.4
The reduction of $9,220,2 to the 1982 current
estimate results from the following:
Congressional reduction taken to meet appro-
priation levels and reduced work year
celling -$4,874.9
Transfer author 1 ty +845.5
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Congressional reduction of Office of Press
Services.
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes
Adjustment to cover decreased estimated For
1982
-2.0
+98.0
-5.286.8
-$9,220.2
The increase of $2,300.4 to the 1983 request
reflects planned purchases in the air, water
quality, drinking water, hazardous waste,
pesticides and toxic substances programs.
Lands and structures.
Actual
1981
$44.5
January
Estimate
1982
March Current
Estimate Estimate
...... 1982 _ 1982
$200.0
The reduction of $200.0 to the 1982 current
estimate results from the Congressional directive
that no projects over $20 be funded under this
appropriation.
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Estimate
1983
Grants, subsidies, and contributions.
$1,343.9 $365.0
$550.0 $4.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-$546.0
The increase of $550.0 in the 1982 current
estimate reflects a grant to the State of
California for audit services in the Office of
the Inspector General.
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Actual
1981
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
21 Travel and transportation of persons.
24 Printing and reproduction
25 Other services
31 Equipment. .
32 Lands and structures
Total obligations.
$23.0 $40.0
2,222,"6 864.'6
2,592.'6 2,960.6
$3,104.4 $4,837.0 $3,864.0
EXPLAHATIOH OFINCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Travel and transpojta11 on of persons. $20.4
There Is no change In the 1982 estimate.
The Increase of $17.0 in 1983 reflects additional
need In this object class.
$23.0
$23.0 $23.0
$40.0
t$17.0
-------
t/t
3=
CO
to
Equipment.
There is no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
Lands and structures.
There Is no change in the 1982 estimate.
The Increase of $368.0 reflects the additional
need In this object class.
Printing and reproduction.
There 1s no change In the 1982 estimate and no
request for 1983.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 _Ji?3_ 1983 ys. 1982
$89.5
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
$959.4 $5,123.0 $2,592.0 $2,592.0 $2,960.0 +$368.0
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983jfS. 1982
$2.4 ... ... ...
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Other services -.. , ., -.. $2,032,7 $1,221.0 $2,222.0 $2,222.0 $864.0
There Is no change In 1982 estimate.
The decrease of $1,358.0 In the 1983 estimate
reflects reduced carryover for this object class.
-$1,358.0
-------
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
21 Travel and transportation of persons,
25 Other services...
Actual
1981
$16,5
145.5
Current
Estimate
19B2
$20.0
785.0
Total obligations $162.0 $805.0
Estimate
T983
$620.0
680.0
$700.0
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Actual
1981
Travel and transportation of persons ,. $16.5
The decrease $5.0 in the 1982 current estimate
reflects reduced need in this object class. There
Is no change In the estimate for 1983.
Other services $145.5
The Increase of $5.0 1n the 1982 current estimate
reflects an increased need In this object class.
The reduction of $105.0 in the 1983 estimate reflects
the decrease 1n carryover funds anticipated for 1983 and
the fact that no new funds are available In either 1982
or 1983.
January
Estimate
1982
$25.0
January
Actual Estimate
1981 1982
$780.0
March
Estimate
1982
$25.0
Harch
Estimate
T982
$780.0
Current
Estimate
1982
$20,0
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
$20.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Increase +
Estimate Decrease -
1983 1983 vs. 1982
$785.0 $680.0
-$105.0
-------
U.S. REGULATORY COUNCIL*
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(in thousands of dollars)
Personnel Services
Other Objects:
21 Travel and transportation of persons......
22 Transportation of things
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent.
24 Printing and reproduction
25 Other services.
26 Supplies and materials..
31 Equipment. ..
Total other objects
Total obligations.
Actual
1981
$950.2
16.0
16.0
276.0
419.0
718.0
15.0
2.0
$1,462.0
$2,412.2
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
This appropriation was deleted during the March revisions. Support for the Regulatory Information Service
Center will continue in the Office of the Administrator in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1981 1982 1983
Personnel Services , .. $2,424.3 $19,718.2 $26,962.5
Other Objects
21 Travel and Transportation of persons $302.9 $1,800.0 $2,722.3
22 Transportation of things 9.6 281.7 262.3
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent 670.2 3.367.7 3,653.9
24 Printing and reproduction 6.6 419.2 522.8
g 25 Other services . 31,211.7 129,883.3 158,866-0
w 26 Supplies and materials.. 273.7 1,143.0 949.5
01 31 Equipment 2,617.7 4,603.3 2,304.9
32 Lands and structures ... 3,505.0
41 Grants, subsidies, and contributions..., 2,766.4 25,278.6 33,755.8
Total other objects.... -.. $37,858.8 $170,281.8 $203,037.5
Total obligations $40,283.1 $190,000.0 $230,000.0
Position Data:
Average salary, GS positions... $28,209
Average grade, GS postlons 10.6
-------
Personnel services $2,424.3
The decrease of $5,059.8 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects the revised need In personnel
costs.
The Increase of $7,244.3 In the 1983 request
reflects the Increased work year celling and
allocations to other agencies In the amount of
$4,926.0.
Travel and transportation of persons.
There Is no change In the 1982 current
estimate.
The Increase of $922.3 In the 1983 request
reflects the Increased workyear celling and
allocations to other agencies In the amount
of $592.0.
Actual
19S1
$2,424.3
Actual
1981
$302.9
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
$26,885.0
January
Estimate
1982
$2,600.0
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
$24,778.0
March
Estimate
1982
$1,800.0
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
$19.718.2
Current
Estimate
1982
$1,800.0
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
$26,962.5
Estimate
1983
$2,722.3
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
H7.244.3
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
+$922.3
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Transportation of th1 ngs.
The decrease of $89.3 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects the reduced need In this object
class.
The decrease of $19.4 In the 1983 request
reflects reduced need In this object class.
$9.6
$566.0
$371.0
$281.7
$262.3
-$19.4
-------
Printing and reproduction.
The decrease of $215.8 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects the reduced need for printing
and reproduction.
The Increase of $103.6 1n the 1983 request
reflects Increased costs for printing in the
Federal Register and allocations to other
agencies In the amount of $50.0.
Standard level user charges.
Actual
1981
$6.6
Actual
1981
$600.0
January
Estimate
1982
$529.0
January
Estimate
1982
$2.000.0
March
Estimate
1982
$635.0
March
Estimate
1982
$2.000.0
Current
Estimate
1982
$419.2
Current
Estimate
1982
$1.347.0
Estimate
1983
$522.8
Estimate
1983
$1.453.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
+$103.6
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
+$106.0
The decrease of $653.0 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects the reduced need In this object
class.
The Increase of $106.0 In the 1983 request
reflects the Increased workyear celling.
-------
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Communications, utilities, and other rent.... $70.0 $1,409.0 $2,981.0 $2,981.0 $2,200.9 . +$180.2
The decrease of $960.3 in the 1982 current
estimate reflects the reduced need in this object
class.
The Increase of $180.2 in the 1983 request
reflects the Increasing costs for rentals and
utilities, along with allocations to other
agencies In the amount of $154.0.
January March Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1981 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 vs. 1982
Other services $31,211.7 $207,527.0 $152,860.0 $129,883.3 $158,866.0 +$28,982.7
The decrease of $22,976.7 in the 1982
current estimate reflects reprogrammlng In
the amount of $18,629.6 to fund state grants
and cooperative agreements, and the Congres-
sional reduction taken to meet appropriation
levels in the amount of $4,347.1.
The Increase of $28,982.7 in the 1983
request reflects an expanded contractual pro-
gram for hazardous substance response actions,
and includes $1,004.0 for allocations to other
agencies.
-------
g
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Suppl1 es and material s.
$273.7 $1,342.0
$763.0 $1,143.0 $949.5
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
-$193.5
The Increase of $380.0 In the 1982 current
estimate reflects the expected need In this
object class.
The decrease of $193.5 In the 1983 request
reflects the reduced need for supplies and
materials. The request Includes $24.0 In
allocations to other agencies.
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
Equipment.
The decrease of $3,708.7 In the 1982
current estimate reflects the Congressional
reduction taken to meet appropriation levels
In the -amount of $3,400.0 and an additional
decrease of $308.7 to fund other object
classes.
The decrease of $2,298.4 In the 1983
request reflects the reduced need In this
object class. The request includes $522.0
In allocations to other agencies.
$2,617.7 $5,382.0 $8,312.0 $4,603.3 $2,304.9 -$2,298.4
-------
Lands and structures.
The decrease of $1,995.0 In the 1982
current estimate reflects the Congressional
reduction taken to meet appropriation levels
In the amount of $2,000.0 and an Increase of
$5.0 from other object classes.
There Is no request for 1983.
Grants, subsidies, and contributions.
The Increase of $25,278.6 In the 1982
current estimate reflects an Increase of
$25,531.5 to fund state grants, cooperative
agreements, and research grants. It also
Includes a Congressional reduction to met
appropriation levels In the amount of $252.9.
The Increase of $8,477.2 In the 1983
request reflects an Increase of $9,000.0 for
state grants and cooperative agreements,
and a decrease of $1,122.8 for research
grants.
Actual
1981
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1903
$1,760.0 $5,500.0 $3,i05.0
Increase +
Decrease
1983 vs. 1982
-$3,505.0
Actual
1981
$2,766.4
January
Estimate
1982
March
Estimate
1982
Current
Estimate
1982
Estimate
1983
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1982
$25,278.6 $33,755.8 +$8,477.2
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