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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUBJECT INDEX 7
SUMMARY S-1
AIR A-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Oxidants. ... .......... ...... . ....................................... A~$
Hazardous Air Pollutants.. ....... ..... .......... ... ........ .......... A- 22
Mobi le Sources .............................. ...... ................ . . A-32
Gases 4 Particles..... ...... . ......................... . ............. A-44
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards ....... ......... A-59
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment..... ....... . .......... A- 62
Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development..... ...... . ..... A-63
State Program Guidelines & Regulations Development ........ ....... A- 64
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control 4 Fuel Economy. ............... ... A-66
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment S Characterization ...... A- 68
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support. .... ................. A-70
Em1 ss1 ons 4 Fuel Economy Compl 1 ance . . ............ . ............... A-71
Mobile Source Standards 4 Guidelines. ---- , .......... ...... ..... ... A-72
State Programs Resource Assistance.. ....... ..... .................. .. A-73
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (105 Grants) ........... .. A-74
Training.. ....... .. ............... . ...... . .................. ..... A-76
Air Quality Management Implementation.. ..... . ................ ....... A-78
Trends Monitoring 4 Progress Assessment ............................. A-82
Ambient A1r Quality Monitoring...... ..... ...... .................. A-83
Air Quality 4 Emissions Data Analysis & Progress Assessment ...... A-84
ENFORCEMENT
Stati onary Source Enforcement. ......... ..................... ........ A-87
Stationary Source Enforcement .......... ... ............... ...... . . A-88
Stationary Source Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel ...... A-91
Mobile Source Enforcement ........ . ...... .......... ................ ... A- 92
WATER^UAILITY WQ-1
RESEARCH A DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research ...................... ........... .. ........... WQ-9
Municipal Wastewater . . . .......... .... ....................... ........ HQ-21
Industrl al Wastewater ............ .; ................ ....... ........... WQ-30
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Quality State Programs Management ........... . .......... ....... WQ-39
State Programs Management. ........ ....... ........... .... ......... WQ-41
Great Lakes Program ................. . ............... ........... . . WQ-46
Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Study ........... .................... WQ-47
Effluent Standards & Guidelines.. .................... .. ...... ....... WQ-50
Grants Assl stance Program. ........ .......... ................ . ..... . . WQ-55
Clean Lakes Program. ....... .............. ...... .... .............. WQ-56
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) ............ HQ-57
Training Grants (Section 104) ....... ..... ........................ WQ-59
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WATER QUALITY (cont.)
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-60
Dredge & Fill . WQ-63
Ocean Disposal Permits.. WQ-63
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention.. WQ-66
Standards 4 Regulations WQ-67
Water Quality Monitoring 4 Analysis... WQ-70
Municipal Source Control ;.. , WQ-74
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction.... , WQ-77
Corps of Engineers....... WQ-81
Waste Treatment Operations 4 Maintenance WQ-82
NEPA Compliance - Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Fad 11 ty Construct! on WQ-83
ENFORCEMENT
Water Qual i ty Enforcement .....'. , WQ-85
Water Quality Enforcement WQ-86
Water Quality Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel WQ-89
Water Quality Permit Issuance. WQ-90
DRINKING WATER DW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
DM nki ng Water Research OW-8
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Prinking Water Criteria, Standards * Guidelines DW-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance DW-27
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants.................. DW-28
Underground Injection Control Program Grants.. DW-30
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-31
Tra1 m" ng , DV-32
Drfnkl ng Water Management > DW-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-34
Underground Injection Control Program..... DW-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement , DW-41
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research... HW-8
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-23
F1 nanci al Assi stance , HW-27
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HW-28
Resource Recovery Local Financial Assistance... HW-30
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-31
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-33
Solid Waste Management Program;Imp!ementatlon HW-35
Technical Assi stance. HW-36
Technical Information Development... , HW-37
Solid Waste Technology Assistance Delivery.... HW-37
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites HW-39
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement , HW-42
Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance HW-43
Hazardous Waste Enforcement "... HW-44
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PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pestici des Research ..... P-7
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration S Tolerances P-2Q
Regi strati on P-22
Special Registration.
'To!erances
Generic Chemical Review 4 Special Reviews - EIS Preparation.
Generic Chemical Review.
Special Reviews - EIS Preparation.
Federal 5 State Program Support.
Pesticides Use Management.
-24
-25
-27
-29
-31
-33
-34
ENFORCEMENT
Pestidices Enforcement. * P-36
Pesticides Enforcement ,...,.* P-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-39
Pesticides Certification & Training........ -P-40
RADIATION R-l
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
Nonionizing Radi atiorv R-6
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards 4 Guidelines R-14
Radiation Program Implementation R-l7
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment.....,..........,....,...*. R-2Q
HOISE N-l
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Environmental Noise Strategies 4 Standards N-7
Noise Standards Development N-7
Noise Control Technology Assessment 4 Criteria Development....... N-7
Nol se Program Implementation N-8
INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Program 1-6
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
Federal Agencies Compliance & NEPA Compliance.. 1-18
NEPA Compl iance. , 1-19
Federal Agencies Compliance 1-20
New Source EIS Preparation. 1-20
Accelerated Review and Permitting 1-22
Interdisciplinary Training Srants;. 1-24
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy 4 Technical Support 1-27
Technical Support - Office of Legal 4 Enforcement Counsel... 1-29
Enforcement Policy 8 Operations.. 1-30
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Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Chemical Testing & Assessment TS-7
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies .» TS-23
Toxi cs Integrati on , TS-27
Chemical Testing TS-29
Existing Chemical Review TS-30
New Chemical Review TS-32
ENFORCEMENT
Toxl c Substances Enforcement. »...., TS-36
Toxic Substances Enforcement.. TS-37
Toxi c Substances Enforcement Grants TS-39
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH A DEVELOPMENT
Multl-Media Energy , E-4
Oxidants Energy. E-l7
Gases 4 Particles Energy ... E-20
Water Quality Energy .. E-24
Industri al Wastewater Energy. ,. E-27
Municipal Spills Energy E-30
MANAGEMENT Jt SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management.. MS-7
Program Management - Air, Noise & Radiation.... MS-9
Program Management - Mater. , MS-10
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-10
Program Management - Research & Development MS-11
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-12
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices ... MS-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator , ... MS-21
Regulatory Information Service Center.... , MS-22
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-22
Office of Executive Secretariat , MS-23
Office of Management Services MS-23
Science Advisory Board MS-24
Office of Legislation MS-25
Office of International Activities.. MS-E6
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Office of Public Affairs MS-29
Office of Federal Activities MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-31
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison MS-32
Office of Small & Disadvantage^ Business Utilization MS-33
Office of Inspector General MS-33
Office of Policy 4 Resource Management MS-35
Program Management - Policy S Resource Management MS-38
Office of the Comptroller MS-38
Program Integration Project. . MS-39
Office of Policy Analysis MS-40
Office of Standards and Regulations...' MS-41
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation , MS-42
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Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (cont.)
Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel. ...... . ............ ..... ...... MS-44
Program Management - Legal & Enforcement Counsel... ...... ..... ... MS-45
General Counsel ....... ...... ..... . ......... .......... . ............. MS-46
Regi onal Counsel . ..... ........................ . .................. MS-47
Office of Administration ...... ................... . ..... , ______ ........ MS-49
Program Management -- Admf ni strati on ...... . ......... . ..... . . . . _____ MS-53
Financial Management- Headquarters. ................ ... .......... .. MS-54
Contracts & Grants Management. ..... .... ....... , .................. MS-55
Personnel & Organization Services ........ , ............... . ..... .. MS-57
Facilities & Management Services......... ..... . .......... ...... ,. MS-58
Information Systems & Services ..... . ..................... ........ MS-6Q
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management ........ . .................... ........ .......... .. MS-63
Regional Management ........... ........... , ................ ....... MS-65
Planning, Evaluation, 4 Analysis - Regions ............ ... ....... MS-66
Financial Management- Regions ..... .............................. MS-67
Personnel Management- Regions ..... ...... . ...... ................. MS-68
Administrative Management - Regions ...... . ......... ......... ..... MS-69
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs ......... ..... , ..... ........... ................ . ....... MS-72
Nationwide Support Services... ................ ....... . ......... .... MS-74
Headquarters Support Services. . . . . . ........... . ..... ........... . . MS-74
Regional Support Services ...... .......... ...... .................. MS-76
ADP Support Costs ............. , .......... ............... ;........ MS-76
P rof essi onal Trai ni ng . . , . ....... .... ....... .................. .... MS- 7 7
Lab Support - Research & Development.... ........... . ........ ..... MS-78
Lab Support - Air, Noise 4 Radiation ..... . ....................... MS-78
Lab Support - Pesticides S Toxic Substances.... ..... ........... .. MS-79
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings & Facilities ....... , ........ , ......... ....... ,
Repairs & Improvements ...... ... ..................... ............. BF-5
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS C6-1
Construct! on Grants . .. ...... . . . .................. ..... ............... CG-2
SUPERFUND SF-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances ............. . .......................... . ....... SF-8
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement........ ....... . ...... .... SF-1 9
Technical Support - Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel ........ SF-22
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement ....... ......... ...... . . SF-23
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement ............................ SF-25
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Management & Support ............. . .......... ...... ..... ..... ...... .. SF-28
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters ........ .. SF-33
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions ........ ....... SF-33
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters..... SF-34
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management --Regions... ....... SF-35
Hazardous Substance Occupatl onal Heal th S Safety - Headquarters . . SF-36
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters .............. SF-36
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SUPERFUND (cont.)
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions....... SF-37
Hazardous Substance Laboratories 4 Facilities.. SF-38
Hazardous Substance Computer Services...... ,.,». SF-38
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters SF-39
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-39
Hazardous Substance - Inspector General SF-40
Hazardous Substance Natural Resource Claims , SF-41
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy & Resource Management SF-41
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA..... SF-44
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-45
Assessing 4 Replacing Natural Resources .. SF-49
Hazardous Substance Response- Interagency SF-50
Department of Health S Human Services SF-52
United States Coast Guard SF-5Z
Department of Justice.......... SF-53
National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration SF-53
Department of Interior,,. , SF-54
Hazardous Waste SI te Inventory ,. SF-55
SPECIAL ANALYSES
SA-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Subject Index By Media
AIR Page
Academic Training A-76
Air Quality Monitoring A-83
Air Toxics..... A-64, A-79
Certi fic ati on A-68, A-71
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. ... A-88
Control Technology Development, A-17, A-53, A-62
Emission waivers A-93
Enforcement A-87, A-92
Fuel Economy A-68, A-71
Fuels Programs .... , A-93
Hazardous Air Pollutants: 37... A-25, A-63
Health Effects Institute A-42
I n d p o r Ai r A-2 7
Inspection and Maintenance Program........ A-74, A-80
In-use Emission Factors.. A-63, A-70
Mobile Source Alternative Compliance Program....... A-71
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory A-70
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) A-63
National Crop Loss Assessment network (NCLAN).. A-19, A-54
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) A-62
National Institute for Building Sciences (NIBS) A-28
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS).., »...»,:........ A-6Z
Prevention of Significant Deterioration A-64, A-79
Recall... A-93
Regional Programs... , A-79, A-83
Selective Enforcement Audits A-93
State Grants A-74
State Implementation Plans (SIPS) A-64, A-79
Stationary Source Enforcement............. A-87
Tampering and Fuel Switching.............. A-93
Training courses. , A-76, A-88
WATER QUALITY
Academic Training WQ-59
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews.... WQ-77, WQ-79
Aquatic Monitoring Methods.... WQ-15, WQ-34, WQ-71
Chesapeake Bay Program.. . WQ-47
Clean Lakes , WQ-56
Combined Sewer Overflow. WQ-79
Control Technpl ogy Oevel opment WQ-27, WQ-36
Corps of Engineers V/Q-81
Ef.fluent Guidelines. '. , WQ-51
Enforcement. WQ-86
Great Lakes Program: ,
Research and Development... WQ-9, WQ-20
Abatement, Control and Compliance WQ-46
Grosse He Laboratory... WQ-20
Innovative and Alternative Technologies.. WQ-27, WQ-77
International Pollution Control Agreements WQ-63
Marine Outfalls - Section 301{h) ..; HQ-80, WQ-92
Ocean Disposal WQ-18, WQ-63
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
WATER QUALITY (continued)
Operations and Maintenance WQ-82
Operator Training. WQ-46, WQ-78
Pretreatrnent WQ-92
Sludge Management WQ-27, WQ-78
State Grants.. , WQ-55
Toxic Pollutants Research... WQ-16, WQ-30
Water Quality Based Approach WQ-18, WQ-68
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-91
"Vtetl ands" 404 WQ-63
DRINKINGWATER
Academic Training DW-32
Drinking Water Treatment Technology DW-17
Enforcement ; OW-42
Ground Hater Activities DW-24, DW-37
Ground Water Research Activities OW-19
Heal th E ff ec ts , DW-15
National Rural Water Association DW-31
Public Water Systems Supervision , DW-24, DW-28, DW-34
Qua! ity Assurance OW-14
Small Systems Engineering Research..... DW-18
State Grants. , , DW-28
Underground Injection Control DW-24, DW-30, DW-37
HAZARDOUS WASTES
Academic Training HW-26
Burning of Hazardous Waste in Boilers HW-25, HW-17
Compliance Inspections.. ... HW-29, HW-44
Enforcement HW-43
Ground Water Monitoring HW-13, HW-20, HW-25
Hazardous Spills Research.... HW-17
Incineration. HW-16, HW-26
Innovative/Al ternative Techno! ogies HW-18
Landfills HW-16, HW-18, HW-25
Moni tori ng Methods HU-13
Permitting HW-4, HW-24,
HW-28, HW-34
Phosphate Rock Study HW-19
Post-Cl osure Moni tori ng HW-13
Quality Assurance... HW-14
Regulation Development HW-3, HW-24
Regulatory Reform.. HW-4, HW-25
State Authorizations HW-3, HW-24,
HW-28, HW-33
State Grants HW-28
Support to Permitting and Enforcement , HW-13, HW-17, HW-20
Surface Impoundments HW-19
3012 Grants SF-56
Waste Characterization.... HW-12, HW-13, HW-15
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Subject Index By Media
(Continued)
PESTICIDES. page
Backlog Elimination P-22, P-24, P-25
Biological Control Agents/Pesticides P-14, P-16
Certification and Training.... P-40
Colorado Enforcement Program .. P-39
Emergency Exemptions P-24
Enforcement. P-37
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC)... P-38
Nebraska Enforcement Program P-40
Pesticide Enforcement Grants P-39
Registration Fees.. P-4
Registration Standards . P-30
Reregi stration P-29
State Grants... P-39
State Registrations P-24
Tolerance Fees P-26
Toxaphene Regulation , P-38
RADIATION
Airborne Radionudide Standards , R-15
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System R-21
Health Effects Research R-ll
Nevada Nuclear Test Site.. R-10
Ocean Disposal of Radioactive Materials....' R-15
Radiological Emergency Response Plans R-18
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards R-16, R-18
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Academic Training 1-25
Accelerated Review and Permitting 1-23
Case Referral s 1-30
Criminal Investigations. 1-31
Economic Benefits Research 1-11
Enforcement 1-28
Enforcement Operations... 1-30
Enforcement Pol icy 1-30
Evi dence Audi ts 1-29
Exploratory Research.... ... 1-10
Federal Agencies Compliance WQ-87, 1-20
Li tigation 1-30
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC)..... 1-29
NEPA Compliance Program Consolidated 1-19
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel 1-28
Qual 1 ty Assurance ;. 1-30
Technical Support 1-29
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Asbestos Regul ation TS-32
Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN) TS-27
Compliance Monitoring Outputs.. TS-5
Dioxon Control . TS-38
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Subject Index By Media
(Continued)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (Continued)
Enforcement , , TS-36
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC). TS-29
National Center for Toxlcological Research... TS-21
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCB) Disposal, TS-31, TS-38
Stratospheric Modif ication TS-2Q
Test Guidelines TS-14, TS-17
Toxic/Chemical Integration Efforts T.S-27
ENERGY
Acid Rain E-8
Advanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM) vs. Industrial Models... E-9
Limestone Injection Multi-stage Burner (LIMB) E-14
Synthetic Fuel s , , E-13
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Automated Data Processing Consolidation (ADPC) , MS-5
Computer Center Costs MS-77
Construction Grant Final Audit Backlog Reduced . MS-34
Defensive L1 tigation MS-46
International Pollution Control Agreements.. MS-26
Legal Advice., , MS-46
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities........ MS-25
Mail Services .- Cost Containment..., , k MS-75
Management Systems Integrated MS-42
Managing for Environmental Results. . MS-42
Obligation/Outlay Forecasting System «IS-38
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) MS-45
Regional Enforcement Management MS-47
Regulatory Reform - OPRM HS-41
Support Services. MS-72
Suspension and Debarment - Contracts MS-5S
Suspension and Oebarment - IG. MS-34
Telephone - Long Distance Charges (FTS).. MS-74
SUPERFUND
Cost Recovery - Superfund SF-21
Emergency Response , , SF-3, SF-46
Engineering Eva!uations. SF-14
Heal th Assessments SF-12
Management SF-32 '
Private Party Settlements I SF-21
Qua! 1 ty Assurance SF-13
RCRA Section 3012 , SF-S6
Remedial Response SF-3, SF-46
State Programs SF-3, SF-47
Technical Manual s SF-14
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
A1 phabeti cal .Su.bj.ect Index
Academic Training:
A1 r A-76
Water Qual ity , WQ-59
Drlnking Water *. DW-32
Hazardous Waste , HW-26
In terdi sc ipl i nary , 1-25
Acid Rain , E-8
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews. WQ-77
Advanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM)..., E-9
Airborne Radionuclide Standards , R-15
Asbestos Regulation ..-, TS-32
Automated Data Processing Consolidation (ADPC)... MS-5
Burning of Hazardous Wastes in Boilers. ................. ...... ........ HW-25, HW-17
C_
Certification and Training ............ , ............................. P-40
Chemical Substances Information Network (CSXN). ...... ...... ..... ..... TS-27
Chesapeake Bay Program.... ......... . ............ ...... . .......... ... UQ-47
Clean Lakes ................ . .......... . ...... . ...................... WQ-56
Combined Sewer Overflow ...... .... ............ . ...... . ................ . WQ-79
Compliance Monitoring Inspections - Air..... ....... ... ...... ........ A-88
Construction Grant Final Audit Backlog Reduced ........ . ............. WQ-78, MS-34
Control Technology Development ...................................... A-17, A-53, A-62,
WQ-27, WQ-36
Corps of Engineers........... ........... . ........ ............ ....... WQ-81
Cost Recovery - Superfund... .......... ..... .......... ...... ...... ... SF-21
Crimi nal Investigation ..... .... ..... . ...... ......................... 1-31
Dioxin Control ....... . .................................... .......... TS-38
Dredge and Fill (Section 404) ............ .-.. .............. ... ..... ..... WQ-63
Drinking Water Treatment Technology ............... . ......... ..... i.. DW-17
I
Ef fl uent Guidel 1 nes ........................ ...................... ... WQ-51
Emergency Response .................... ..... ......................... WQ-66, R-18,
SF-3, SF-46
Enforcement - Legal:
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel ... ....... ... .............. 1-28, MS-45
Enforcement Policy and Operations ............ ....... . ............. 1-30
Criminal Investigations. . ...... . ............. . ..... ...... ...... ... 1-31
National Enforcement Investigation Center (HEIC).... ........... ... 1-29
General Counsel .......... , . . ........ .............. ................ MS-46
Regional Counsel .................... ...... ................ ........ MS-47
11
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Subject Index
(Continued)
£_ (Continued) Page
Enforcement - Technical :
A1r Stationary Source Enforcement ......... ....... . ........ ........ A-87
Air Mobile Source Enforcement.. ......... ....... ... ........ . ....... A-87, A-92
Drinking Water Enforcement ................ ........................ DW-42
Hazardous Waste Enforcement.. .................. ........ ..... ..... . HW-43
Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance. ........ . ........... ... ..... . ..... HW-4, HW-24,
HW-28, HW-34
Pesticides Enforcement. . .> .......... .. . ...... ........ ......... ...... P-37
Toxic Substances Enforcement..... .............. .. ......... . ...... . TS-36
Water Quality Enforcement. .......... ......................... ...... WQ-86
Water Quality Permit Issuance.............. ..... ...... ............. WQ-91
Superfund Enforcement.... ...... ........ . ....... ..... . ........... .. SF-4, SF-23
Enforcement « Program Management. ..... ... ........ ........ ......... .. NIS-45
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System ........ ........... R-21
Exploratory Research ...... . . ..... ...... ..... . ..... ... . . ..... . ....... 1-10
F_
Federal Agencies Compliance ...... . ............... ....... ......... ... WQ-87, 1-20
i
Great Lakes Program:
Research and Development .......... ............. ..... . ............. WQ-9, WQ-20
Abatement, Control and Compl iance. . . , ..................... ........ UQ-46
Grosse He Laboratory ............................................... WQ-20
Ground Water Activities ---- . ...... ........................... , ....... DW-24, DW-37, HW-25
Ground Water Research ...... ......... ... .......... ........... ..... ... DW-19
Hazardous Air Pollutants: 37 ...................... ......... , ....... A-25, A-63
Hazardous Spills Research.. ......................................... HW-17
Health Effects Institute - Air ...................................... A-42
Health Effects Research - Drinking Water..., ..... . .......... ..... ... DW-15
Health Effects Research - Radiation ........ . ........................ R-ll
HHS: Superfund ............ ........ . ................................ SF-52
Incineration ...................... ____ ...................... ... ..... HW-16, HW-26
I ndoo r Ai r ...... , ........ . ....... ................ ....... ........ .... A-27
Innovative and Alternative Technologies:
Water Quality... ---- ................ ........... ..... ---- . ......... WQ-27, WQ-77
Hazardous Waste ..................... , ........... ........... ....... . HW-18
Inspection and Maintenance Program.../. ........... ..... . ............ A-74, A-8Q
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) .............. ... ............ .... TS-29
JL
Landfills .................. ..... . ................ , ........... ....... HW-16, HW-18, HW-25
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities ..... ..... ...... ......... MS-25
Limestone Injection Multi-Stage Burner (LIMB).. ............. , ....... E-14
12
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
M
Mall Services - Cost Containment ........... . ....... . ....... ......... MS-75
Management. . . . ........ . ....... ................... ....... ... ......... MS-1
Management Systems Integrated ........ . ........ . ........ ............. MS-42
Marine Outfalls - Section 301 (h) ............. . ...... .......... ..... . . WQ-80, WQ-92
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory ..... . ............ ....... ......... A-70
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ..... ... ........ . ---- , A-63
National Center for lexicological Research ................... , ...... TS-21
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (HCLAN). ..................... . A-19, A-54
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS).. A-62
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC):
Interdi sci pi inary ...... .............. ...... ............. .......... 1-29
Pesticides... ........ ...... ............... -.. ............... . ...... P-38
National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) ..... ........... ...... A-28
National Rural Water Association............... ........ ,. ..... ........ DH-31
Nebraska Enforcement Program.... ................... .... ............. P-40
Nevada Nuclear Test SI te. . . ....... ........... .' ...... ............... . R-10
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) .......................... ... A-62, WQ-S1
Obligation/Outlay Forecasting System ....... ... ..... ..... ............ MS-38
Ocean Disposal . ....... ..... .. ---- . ............ ..... ...... . ...... ..... WQ-13, WQ-63, R-15
Operations and Maintenance ......... . ..................... ........... WQ-ffi, CG-4
P_
Pesticide Enforcement Grants............. ........... ................ P-39
Phosphate Rock Study ..... . ............ .... .......... ................ HW-19
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCB) Disposal ---- . ..... . .............. ., TS-31, TS-33
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCS) Rules ........... . ................ .. TS-31
Premarket Manufacture Notices (PMM) ........... ..... . . . . ..... , ....... TS-32
Prevention of Significant Deterioration ................ . ..... ....... A-64, A-79
Program Integration/Toxics Integration ............... ........ ....... TS-27, MS-39
Public Water Systems Supervision ........ ................. ..... ..... . DW-Z8, DW-34
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, (RCRAS 3012 ................. SF-56
Recall- Air ................... ,.. ...... . ........... ....... ........... , A-93
Reg1 stratlon Fees ...... . ..................... . ..... , ............. ... P-4
Registration Standards. .... ...... . ....................... . ...... .... P-30
Regulatory Reform .................. .,..; ...................... ........ HW-4, HW-25
MS-41, CG-1
Remedial Response ........ . ....................... . ...... ........ .... SF-3, SF-46
S_
Selective Enforcement Audits......... ........ ..... ................. . A-93
Significant New Use Rules (SNURS) ...... . ....... .. ................... TS-33
Sludge Management. ...... ..... . ...... ... ........ ... .................. VJQ-27, WQ-78
Small Systems Engineering Research... ...... ..'. ..... . ..... ...... ..... DW-18
13
-------
Al phabetjcal Sub j ec t I ndex
(Continued)
S_ (Continued) Page
State Grants:
A1 r ............... ........ ................... . .................... A-74
Water 106 ................ . ........ ..... , ...................... _____ WQ-57
Water 205(g) ........... -. ................ ..... ................ . ---- WQ-57, CG-5
Water 205{j) ................. . ...................... ............... WQ-57, CG-5
Cl ean Lake s .......... ........ ........... . . . . . ....... . ............. WQ-56
Public Water System Supervision .................... ............... DW-Z8
Underground Injection Control (UIC) ..... ...... .................... OW-30
Hazardous Waste ................... ...................... . ......... HW-28
RCRA Section 3012 ............ .... ............ ................ ..... SF-5.6
Pesticides Enforcement ....... , . . ............. ........... . ......... P-39
Pesticides Certification .................................... ...... P-40
Special Studies and Demonstrations.. .............................. DVI-31
State Implementation Plans (SIPS) .............. ...... .......... ..... A-64, A-79
Stationary Source Enforcement ............. ...... ...... ......... ..... A-87
Stratospheric Modification. .... ..................................... TS-2Q
Superfund Interagency Funds:
Coast Guard ....... '. ............ . . . ........... . ............... ..... SF-52
Department of Health and Human Services ................. , ......... SF-52
Department of Interior..... ....................... ... ..... ........ SF-54
Department of Justice .............. . .............................. SF-53
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).., ......... SF-53
Support Services ............... .... ................. , ....... ........ MS-72
Surface Impoundments ...... ................... ..... .................. HW-3, HW-17
Synthetic Fuel s ................................................ ..... E-13
Tampering and Fuel Switching..... .............. ..... ....... .. ....... A-93
Telephone - Long Distance Calls (FTS) ............................... MS-74
Test Guidelines ......... . ........................................... TS-14, TS-17, TS-29
Tol erance Fees ........ ........... . ..... ..... . ..... . ............... ..... P-26
Toxaphene Regul a ti on ................ , ..................... .......... P-38
Underground Injection Control ....... , ..... ..... ......... . ...... *.... DW-30, DW-37
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards ...... . .......................... ..... R-16, R-18
It
Water Quality Based Approach.. ....... ..... .......... ................ WQ-18, WQ-68
14
-------
Summary
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Budget Summary
The President's request for the Environmental Protection Agency's 1984 budget
totals 51,258,591,000 supported by 8,669.1 permanent workyears, including $948,591,000
and 8,049.8 permanent workyears for the Agency's operating programs, and $310,000,000
and 619.3 permanent workyears for the Superfund program. New budget authority in
the amount of $2,400,000,000 is requested for the municipal waste treatment facil-
ities construction program. Including Superfund and Construction Grants, these
totals constitute a decrease of $21,097,200 and 455.9 permanent workyears for the
Agency as a whole in 1984.
Major emphasis continues on the Superfund and Hazardous Waste programs. Fund-
ing for the Superfund program increases by $100,000,000, to $310,000,000 supported
by 619.3 permanent workyears in 1984. EPA will continue it's efforts to increase
the role of States in managing response actions and in working with other Federal
agencies in the implementation of Superfund. In the Hazardous Waste program, emphasis
will be placed on increasing the direct role of States in the management and operations
of their own program; increasing permitting efforts of hazardous waste disposal
facilities; and continuing to establish a sound regulatory base.
EPA will continue to improve its enforcement effort supported by a 13 percent
increase in enforcement resources. Hazardous Waste enforcement will emphasize in-
spection of waste handlers which pose severe threats to public health and the environ-
ment. Superfund will add emphasis on "its efforts to recover Federal response costs
and encourage privately financed cleanup of hazardous waste sites. The Agency will
continue to foftus the criminal investigations on instances where criminal violations
are suspected.
The research and development program will focus its 1984 program toward
strengthening EPA's commitment to improving the scientific basis upon which regula-
tory policies are formulated and Implemented. Resources 1n .1.984 will be directed
to those activities which are necessary to meet our legislative mandates and which
provide the scientific basis of our regulatory program. Our request for research
activities in 1984 includes $205,509,000 supported by 1,211.6 permanent workyears,
a reduction of 23,335,700.
Grants to State and local goverments are at a level of $172,771,300 a reduction
of $60,359,000 from 1983, This reduction was possible because of; the Agency's
efforts over the last two years to eliminate program duplication in its grant process,
simplified administrative requirements, reduced regulatory demands, and alternative
funding sources.
A summary of budget authority for EPA's six appropriation accounts is as
follows:
EP_A_'_s Request by AppropriationAccount
1983 1984
Current Estimate Budget Authority
Salaries & Expenses $548,613,200 $540,389,000
Abatement, Control & Compliance.. 369,075,000 293,933,000
Research & Development 119,000,000 111,669,000
Buildings S Facilities 3,000,000 2.600,000
Operating Programs Subtotal.. $1,039,688,2'00 $948,591,000
Construction Grants. $2,430,000,000 $2,400,000,000
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund.... 210,000,000 310,000.000
Total $3,679,688,200 $3,658,591,000
S-l
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The following briefly describes the content of each appropriation and the
changes requested within each from the Agency's current 1983 estimates.
Sal ari es and Expenses
EPA requests a decrease of $8,224,200 for its Salaries and Expenses approp^
riation which finances salaries and related costs associated with administering the
programs within the Environmental Protection Agency. It incorporates all costs
exclusive of grant programs and program-specific contractual agreements. The de^
crease reflects the reduced workyear levels. Additional workyears in 1984 will
support States 1n developing a water quality-based approach to pollution control,
Improve toxic substances compliance monitoring, and increase support for enforce-
ment policy and operations.
Abatement,Control and Compliance
The Abatei*ient, Control and Compliance appropriation finances contracts, grants,
and cooperative agreements for pollution abatement, control and compliance activities.
EPA requests a decrease of $75,142,000 in 1984 for this appropriation which primarily
reflects our reductions to State grants brought about by streamTlning our State
grant programs.
Research and Development
The 1984 budget decreases the Research and Development appropriation by
$7,331,000 to $111,669,000. Although the research budget decreases, program
Increases to improve the scientific validity of our regulatory decisions will
support programs for hazardous air pollutants, the water quality-based regulatory
approach, acid rain, quality assurance, and toxics health effects.
Buildings anj^Facilities
EPA requests $2,600,000, a decrease of $400,000 for the Building and Facilities
appropriation which finances the construction, repair, Improvement, extension, alter-
nation, and purchase of fixed equipment of facilities owned, as well as existing
facilities occupied by the Environmental Protection-Agency. The funds In 1984 will
help correct health and safety deficiencies in EPA laboratories and prevent serious
deterioration of our owned and leased facilities.
Construction Grants
The Construction Grants appropriation 1s for grants to local public agencies
for construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities to assist States
and localities In attaining water quality standards.
In 1981 Congress enacted significant reforms proposed by the Administration.
These reforms provide for a more cost-effective program and reduce the long-term
requirements for Federal assistance. Under the reforms, Congress provided a four
year authorization at $2,400,000,000 with an additional amount of $200,000,000,
beginning' 1n 1983 for combined sewer overflow, the 1983 appropriation provided
$2,430,000,000, which Included. $30,000,000 for combined sewer overflow. In 1984,
the Agency 1s requesting $2,400,000,000 to obligate funds to award a total of 597
grants resulting 1n 4,764 active projects. In addition, approximately 1,200 pro-
jects are expected to have construction completed during 1984.
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
The 1984 budget requests $310,000,000, an Increase of $100,000, and a decrease of
4.5 permanent workyears to support the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. In
1984 these funds will be dedicated to responding to the most serious hazardous waste
sites and spills; encouraging States to assume.a larger role 1n managing response
actions; adapting existing research and development data and technology to support
field response activities; continuing effective enforcement activity; and, support-
ing on-going activities of other Federal agencies.
S-2
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 ..19_83__ 1983 1984_
Researcn ana .Development
Siifldpt' An t'Hn ri "t"v
Obligations....
Out! ays
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Obi i gations
Out! avs
X
$154,315.6
200,637.9
197,339.0
./
* 372,969.7
393,328.0
523.722.0
5108,703.8
130,260.0
165,648.0
311,575.0
320,408.0
387.165.0
$119,000.0
126,014.0
153,709.0
369,075.0
375,000.0
423.538.0
$111,669.0
112,434.0
140,764.0
293,933.0
294,871.0
366.359.0
Salaries and Expens.es ,
Budget Authority... ----- .......... /555.105.7 538,113.2 548,613.2 540,389.0
Obligations .................... .. 540,773.2 538,113.2 548,613.2 540,389.0
Outlays.. ....................... . 520,363.0 548,869.0 518,904,0 518,533.0
Permanent Workyears .............. 9,112.4 8,069.8 8,442.4 7,996.8
Total Workyears .................. 10,853.5 9,821.0 10,157.6 9,678.7
Bui 1 dings and Faci 1 i t1 es /
" 'Budget Authori ty ... . . . ........... / 3,621.0 3,000.0 3,000.0 2,600.0
Obligations ........ , ............. 3,384.7 3,864.0 5,033.0 2,965.0
Outlays,... ..... ........... ...... 3,325.0 3,559.0 2,825.0 4,689.0
Construction Grants
Obi igations
Outlavs
?
2
, 3
400,000
,116,302
.756.152
,0
7
.1
1
?
3
,400,000
,400,000
,350,000
1)
n
.0
i
i
3
.430.
,000,
.100,
000.0
000.0.
000.0
2.400,
2,400,
2.800.
000.0
000.0
000.0
Scientific Activities Overseas
QbTigallons...................... 19.3 700.0 700.0 950.0
Outlays , 677.0 1,200.0 1,000.0 600.0
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obi i gati ons...., 814.4 ... 1,432.7
Outlays , 289.0 500.0 1,633.0 1,439.0
Revolving Fund
"' ,OblTgatfons^ 750.0 700.0 800.0 800.0
Outlays 21.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Enforcement
Outlays.. 1,598.0 ... 1,002.0
u .5. Regul atory__C_qunc1_T_
Out! ays...». .~.T... .7.T, 245.0 ... 319.0
S-3
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Budget ' Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 1983 1983 1984 _
Mi sc . Contri b.uted Funds
Obligations.......... ......... ... 22.7 25.0 30.0 20.0
Outlays ......... ........... .. ..... 12.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Reimbursements
Obi 1 cations,,., ....... ..... ..... , 15,480.9 30,000.0 20,000.0 20,000.0
Permanent Workyears .............. 54.4 58.8 58.8 53.0
Total Workyears ............ ..... , 60.5 67.8 67.8 62.0
..... Trust
Budget Authority ................. 190,000.0 230,000.0 210,000.0 310,000.0
Obligations ...................... 180,743.6 230,000.0 240,476.0 319,870.0
Outlays ................. ..... .... 79,576.0 188,000.0 177,000.0 269,000.0
Permanent Workyears..., ........ .. 465.6 516.4 623.8 619.3
Total Workyears .................. 527.7 592.2 699.6 707.1
Payment to Hazardous ; Substance /
~Res]ponse Tru s V Fung " ""
'BucfgWAutno'r'i'ty^. ............ ,. (26,1)00.0) (44,000,0) (40,000.0) '(44,000.0)
Obligations ...................... (26,600.0) (44,000.0) (40,000.0) (44,000,0)
Outlays ............. .'. ..... , ______ (26, boo. 0) (44,000.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0)
TOTAL EMV I RONMENTAL PROTECTI ON
AGENCY ! ! *
TuTget Authority ............ ..... $3,676,012.0 53,591,392.0 $3,679,688.2 53,658,591.0
Obligations ...................... 3,452,757.4 3,654,070.2 4,318,098.9 3,692,299.0
Outlays .......................... 5,083,319.1 4,645,061.0 4,380,050.0 4,101,504.0
Permanent Workyears ............. . 9,632.4 8,645.0 9,125.0 8,669.1
Total Workyears. ................. 11,441.7 10,481.0 10,925.0 10,447.8
X
S-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Suranary of Budget Authority
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1982
Budget
Estimate
1983
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
A1r
Ou tl ay s ,
Mater Quality
Budget Authori ty ,
Obi i gations
Outlays
Drinking Water
Obi i gations.
Outl ays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Author! ty
Obi 1 gations
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
Pesticides
Bii^ge t Autho ri ty
Obi i gations
Outl ays
Total Workyears
Radiation
Obi i gations
Outl ays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears....
Noise
Budget Authority
Obi i gati ons .
Outl ays
Total Workyears
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authori ty . . ,
Obi i gati ons
Outl ays -..
$217,548.5
229,703.1
745,652.0
1,576.0
1,821.8
234,720.4
250,946.2
314,122.0
2,271.9
2.671.1
82,281.7
85 898.7
80,715.0
474.3
566.4
106,777.7
110,578.4
123,514.0
586.1
737.9
54,083.0
57,813.6
61.435.0
765.3
828,3
10,663.3
12 335.4
12^349.0
150.3
169.6
1,922.6
1,621.3
6,616.0
, 21 2
27.4
18,850.0
...... 16 928.9
14 425.0
200 2
243.9
$184,053.3
188,611.0
218,492.5
1,333.2
1,549.4
185,965.7
192,294.0
212,285.5
1,849.5
2,292.0
69,750.1
71,783.0
83,882.7
455.5
550.8
103,343.7
106,408.0
124,857.6
557.0
740.1
50,782.0
52,271.0
57,244.4
660.9
744.5
10,351.1
10,588.0
11,147.0
135.1
159.9
40.0
350.0
20,738.1
20,865.0
22,853.0
310.3
363.7
5212,245.3
214,902.3
195,753.0
1,374.4
1,603.2
215,998.9
219,138.9
255,108.0
1,950.6
2,379.3
77,958.5
78,820.5
76,760.0
471.2
562.4
116,551.5
117,244.5
115,722.0
643.1
821.9
52,928.1
52,978.1
53,074.0
662.2
745.8
10,923.3
11,059.3
12,483.0
148.1
172.2
1,707.0
23,935.9
25;606.9
22,979.0
325.6
388.8
$190,991.6
191,337.6
199,621.0
1,350,3
1,577.1
151,369.3
151,818.3
205,682.0
1,662.9
2,065.5
66,355.9
66,467.9
73,568.0
465.1
560.8
110,112.7
110,194,7
114,192.0
625.8
830.0
52,742.6
52,750.6
53,430.0
652.7
736.9
10,854.8
10,872.8
11,419.0
126.9
146.4
663.0
41,335.6
41,595.6
29 ,£98.0
353.4
,396.5
S-5
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Budget Current
X Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 1983 1983 1984
Toxic Substances
Budget'"Authority 74,855.8 68,604.0 69,661.8 66,675.7
Obligations 82,712.8 73,155.0 71,451.8 66,891.7
Outlays 82.211.0 80,130.3 79,915.0 71,368.0
Permanent Workyears 634.4 607.7 626.7 606.2
Total Workyears 729.5 687.7 706.9 683.2
Energy
""Budget Authority - 51,650.9 34,530.2 25,000.9 23,530.1
Obligations 65,662.9 42,492.4 26,940.9 23,742.1
Outlays 90,638.0 55,501.0 56,424.0 42,153.0
Permanent Workyears 138.9 61.8 36.4 36.8
Total Workyears 196.9 100.1 53.5 54.9
Management and Support
Budget Authority..".".' 229,037.1 230,273.8 231,484.0 232,022.7
Obligations 221,352.2 230,273.8 232,916.7 232,022.7
Outlays 211,634.0 235,438.0 228,861.0 225,901.0
Permanent Workyears 2,293.8 2,098.8 2,204.1 2,116.7
Total Workyears 2,860.7 2,632.8 2,723.6 2,627.4
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority... 3,621.0 3,000.0 3,000.0 2,600.0
Obligations 3,384.7 3,864.0 5,033.0 2,965.0
Outlays 3,325.0 3,559.0 2,825.0 4,689.0
Construetion Grants
'ludget AutfioLrity~T 2,400,000.0 2,400,000.0 2,430,000.0 2,400,000.0
Obligations.... 2,116,802.7 2,400,000.0 3,000,000.0 2,400,000.0
Outlays.. 3,756,152.1 3,350,000.0 3,100,000.0 2,800,000,0
ScientificActivities Overseas
Ob'Ti gallons'.......'."........"." 19.3 700.0 700.0 950.0
Outlays. , 677.0 1,200.0 1,000.0 600.0
Revolving Fund
Obligations. 750.0 700.0 800.0 800.0
Outlays 21.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Misc. Contributed Funds
Obligation's.". ..7..... 22.7 25.0 30.0 20.0
Outlays 12.0 20.0 20.0 20,0
Reimbursements
Obligations. 15,480.9 30,000.0 20,000.0 20,000.0
Permanent Workyears 54.4 58.8 58.8 53.0
Total Workyears 60.5 67.8 67.8 62.0
U.S. Regulatory Council
Outlays.............. 245.0 ... 319.0
Hazardous Substance Response
trust Fund
Budget Authority 190,000.0 230,000.0 210,000.0 310,000.0
Obligations 180,743.6 230,000.0 240,476.0 319,870,0
Outlays 79,576.0 188,000.0 177,000.0 269,000.0
Permanent Workyears 465.6 516.4 623.8 619.3
Total Workyears 527.7 592.2 699.6 707,1
S-6
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Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
19.82 1983 1983 1984
Payment^ tq Hazardous Substa nee
''''
TBudget 'Authority.. ..... . ........ (26.600.-0) (44,000.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0)
Obligations ..................... (26,600.0) (44,000.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0)
Outlays ........... ..... ......... (26,600.0) (44,000,0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0)
TOTAL ENVIRQNHENTAL PROTECTION
......... Budget Authority.; .............. $3,676,012.0 S3, 591, 392.0 $3,679,688.2 $3,658,591.0
Obligations ................ ..... 3,452,757.4 3,654,070.2 4,318,098.9 3,692,299.0
Outlays ................ ......... 5,083,319.1 4,645,061.0 4,380,050.0 4,101,504.0
Permanent Workyears ............. 9,632.4 8,645.0 9,125.0 8,669.1
Total Workyears... .............. 11,441.7 10,481,0 10,925.0 10,447.8
S-7
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Air
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR A-l
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT
Oxldants , A-9
Hazardous Air Pollutants........ A-22
Mob1 l,e Sources , A-32
Gases & Particles A-44
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards..*.... A-59
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment ... A-62
Pollutant Strategies & A1r Standards Development A-63
State Program Guidelines & Regulations Development ,...,,.. A-64
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-66
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment 4 Characterization A-68
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support A-70
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance A-71
Mobile Source Standards & Guidelines A-72
State Programs Resource Assistance A-73
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (105 Grants)......, A-74
Training.. . A-76
Air Quality Management Implementation. A-78
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment , A-82
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ..... A-83
Air Quality & Emissions Data Analysis & Progress Assessment..... A^84
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement..... A-87
Stationary Source Enforcement. A-88
Stationary Source Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel A-91
Mobile Source Enforcement A-92
A-l
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AIR
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1904 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $74,412.8 $67,171.9 $70,480.0 $71,028.1 $548.1
Abatement Control & $116,290.3 $92,800.8 $107,855.1 $92,815.4 -$15,039.7
Compl i ance
Research & Development $39,000.0 $24,080.6 $33,910.2 $27,148.1 -$6,762.1
TOTAL, Air $229,703.1 $184,053.3 $212,245.3 $190,991.6 -$21,253.7
PERMANENT HORKYEARS 1,576.0 1,333.2 1,374.4 1,350.3 -24.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,821.8 1,549.4 1,603.2 1,577.1 -26.1
OUTLAYS 5245,652.0 $218,492.5 $195,753.0 $199,621.0 +$3,868.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
A-2
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a national program of air pollution research,
regulation, and enforcement activities designed to achieve the environmental goals
prescribed by the health-related National Ambient Air Quality Standards (KAAQS).
The Act also authorizes methods to control emissions of air pollutants which are
deemed to be "hazardous" and for which no ambient standard is appropriate.
Specific limitations on pollutant emissions necessary to meet NAAQS are
adopted in State Implementation Plans (SIP). These controls are supplemented
by Federally prescribed national emission standards for selected new stationary
sources (called new source performance standards) and new mobile sources of air
pollution. In addition, hazardous pollutants from new or existing sources may be
controlled by National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP).
Overall the Agency's efforts focus on four broad program areas in order to achieve
environmental results. These programs include: setting appropriate ambient stan-
dards, maintaining a Federal and State partnership including adequate enforcement
of environmental regulations, promulgating emission standards, and assuring adequate
mobile source controls.
Ambient Standards
The Clean Air Act requires the Administrator of EPA to set NAAQS for the
ambient concentrations of air pollutants (criteria pollutants) necessary to protect
public health and welfare. These standards must be reviewed and if necessary
revised, every five years. EPA promulgated a revised ozone (03) standard in
1979. A revised carbon monoxide (CO) standard is scheduled to be promulgated in
1983. Changes to the standard for hydrocarbons are also scheduled for promulgation
in 1983, Revisions to the partlculate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SOg), and
nitrogen dioxide (NOg) standards are expected to be proposed in 1983. Those
three standards will then be promulgated fn 1984.
Review and revision of the NAAQS is based on the most accurate and up-to-
date scientific data on the health and welfare effects of the various criteria
pollutants. This scientific support, as well as the development and provision of
reliable monitoring methods, evaluation of cost-effective control technologies,
an<( the development of models which permit States, Regions, and the regulated
community to comply with the national standards, are provided by EPA's research
program. In 1984, EPA will publish an updated criteria document on lead and com-
plete one on ozone in support of the NAAQS reviews. Research will also continue
to support the future updating of criteria documents for the subsequent review and
revision cycle of other NAAQS. In health research, both human and animal studies
of responses from exposure to 03 and N02 will continue. Changes in resistance
to infection will be emphasized in the human studies. The animal studies will con-
centrate on the respiratory effects from long-term exposures and the development
of improved models for extrapolation to human responses. The National Crop Loss
Assessment Network program will focus on the crop loss impacts associated with
ozone.
The gases and particles research program will focus on providing the informa-
tion needed to support the implementation of a new partlculate standard. Monitor-
ing stations will be modified for the new standard. Health studies will compare
human and animal responses to exposures of particles of various sizes. Urban and
regional dispersion models for particles will be improved to account for particle
size. Research will continue on the development a»d validation of air quality
dispersion models required for use In complex terrain. Also, Information on
low-cost, highly reliable emission reduction technology design and performance
criteria will be developed.
A-3
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Federal/State Partnership
In view of the Clean Air Act requirement that States take a lead role in air
pollution control programs, the maintenance of an adequate Federal and State part-
nership Is important in achieving environmental goals. The current statute re-
quires each State to adopt and to submit to the Administrator a plan which pro-
vides for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of each ambient air
quality standard. These State Implementation Plans (SIPsi are approved by the
Administrator if it is determined that they meet the requirements specified in
the Act.
EPA will maintain a relationship with the States which stresses the elimina-
tion of unnecessary processes and a streamlining of necessary processes so that
both the States and EPA can concentrate on environmental results. Programs and
support reflecting regulatory reform, broader State discretion in carrying out
regulatory programs, a.nd postponement of lower priority activities having less
environmental pay-off should result in a reduced need for financial assistance and
an increase of technical assistance on the complex problems of the 1980's.
During 1984, EPA will provide both technical and financial assistance to
the States for: SIP revision and implementation; analysis of controls necessary
due to the potential revision of the ambient air quality standards; and technical
review of new sources when the new source review program is delegated. Urban
and regional scale models for the formation and transport of photochemical oxidants
will continue to be developed and validated for use by the States for the revision
of State Implementation Plans. Research to develop data on demonstrated cost-
effective and energy efficient emission reduction technologies for volatile organic
compounds with nitrogen oxides will also continue. Twenty-nine States have
submitted SIP revisions for the control of ozone and carbon monoxide by 1987.
Approved portions of these plans will be implemented In 1984. In addition, some
States cannot demonstrate attainment by 1987 and additional measures will need to
be developed and incorporated in the SIPs.
EPA will work with State and local agencies to assure that intergovernmental
enforcement effort brings about full compliance with the laws and standards. EPA
Regional Offices will provide the majority of this assistance directly to the
State and local air pollution control authorities.
In cooperation with the States, EPA has been developing a prioritized list
of the most significant violating sources to focus resources where the greatest
environmental gains can be made. EPA, in 1984, will continue to look to the
States to assume the primary role 1n bringing enforcement actions against these
sources and will provide technical support as needed. Where the State efforts
are hot successful, EPA will ensure compliance by taking Federal administrative
or judicial action.
The Act directs the Administrator to take enforcement actions when certain
violations of the State Implementation Plans or emissions limits are found.
Recently, EPA has been working more closely with State and local agencies to pro-
vide technical support to aid the assumption of increased enforcement responsibility
by these units of government.
The research program will continue to contribute to the information required
by States and local control programs, and by the Regional Offices in assisting
these programs. Primary attention will be devoted to refining and updating' the
pollutant transport and transformation models on which these decision-makers, as
well as those in the regulated community, depend to make decisions on siting,
permitting, and control strategies. The engineering research program will focus
on evaluating and assessing the effectiveness of selected control technologies,
with an emphasis on volatile organic emission controls, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
oxides and particulates. In 1984, the program also will be increasingly involved
in providing quality assurance guidelines and support.
A-4
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During 1984, the impact of any reductions in Federal financial assistance
must be evaluated to ascertain whether additional Federal support can be replaced
by the States in 1985. State and local agencies will be evaluating the potential
for increasing their share of the financial burden through fncreased use of fee
systems.
Emission Standards
The Act directs the Administrator to publish and enforce Federal standards
of performance for construction of new sources of air pollution. In 1979, the
Administrator published a list of the categories of stationary sources that could
be expected to contribute significantly to air pollution. The Act directs EPA to
establish new source performance standards (NSPS) for all categories on the list
within four years.
While progress has been made, promulgation of NSPS for all major stationary
sources was not completed by 1982. Consequently, a sustained level of resources
will be necessary to ensure continued progress towards the completion of all
categories on the NSPS list.
In addition to establishing mechanisms to control pollutants that are covered
by the national ambient air quality standards, the Act also prescribes procedures
for controlling pollutants that are deemed to be "hazardous". The Act directs
the Administrator to publish a 11st which Includes each hazardous air pollutant
for which an emission standard should be established. These emission standards
apply to both new and existing pollutant sources.
Seven substances have been listed as hazardous air pollutants. These are:
asbestos, beryllium, mercury, vinyl chloride, benzene, Inorganic arsenic, and radlo-
nuclldes. Emission standards have been promulgated for the first four pollutants.
Standards are being developed for benzene and radionuclldes, and standards for
arsenic are under study.
During 1983 and 1984, work will continue on screening chemicals to determine
which ones to list as hazardous. The program will provide detailed assessments of
health impacts, current emissions, public exposure, public risk (where possible),
feasible emission reductions and associated costs, and regulatory options. This
will lead to regulatory decisions for approximately nine pollutants 1n 1983.
EPA will develop a comprehensive strategy for controlling toxic air pollu-
tants using both Section 112 and other sections of the Act. This strategy
will take into account the considerable degree of .control already achieved through
regulation of partlculates and volatile organic compounds under other sections of
the Act.
In support of the Hazardous Air Pollutants regulatory program, emphasis will
be placed on research to develop comprehensive health assessment documents for a
substantial number of suspect chemicals. Specifically, 16 assessments begun in
prior years will be completed in 1984 and 14 new assessments will be Initiated.
Research will continue to determine the presence, source concentration and fate of
potentially hazardous air pollutants, ar)d to assess the human health effects and
risks associated with exposure to these pollutants. Also, 1n 1984, emphasis will
be placed on improving the sampling and analysis of potentially hazardous air
pollutants; to expand knowledge of the transport, transformation, and fate, of
these pollutants; and to enhance the understanding of dose-response relationships.
Mobile Source Controls
The Act directs the Administrator to insure that certain prescribed standards
for motor vehicles are being met. Several Federal requirements were established
to meet this mandate. Recently, the mobile source air pollution control pro-
gram initiated efforts to simplify the motor vehicle preproductfon and presale
requirements. These efforts will continue in 1984 and should result in the reduc-
A-5
-------
tion of paperwork, reports, and tests currently performed by the automobile manu-
facturers without sacrificing environmental protection. The move toward in-
creased emphasis on the compliance of vehicles in-use will continue in 1984. For
example, additional emphasis will be placed on encouraging States to develop en-
forcement programs to curtail fuel switching and tampering.
Although most of the Auto Task Force relief measures will be completed in
1983, one item, the assessment of an alternative compliance program, will con-
tinue in 1984. If a replacement program is feasible, the appropriate legisla-
tion will be proposed and an appropriate program developed.
Statutory mandates for setting emission standards for particulates and nitrogen
oxides from heavy duty engines will be initially completed in 1984. Revisions of
these standards, ff warranted, may take place before 1986. In addition, the revised
hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide standards for heavy duty engines for 1988 and later
model years would be developed in the 1983-85 period. Likewise, the light duty
diesel particulate standard will be reassessed, if needed, during this period.
Research support to the mobile sources regulatory program will continue to
focus on assessing human exposure to motor vehicle pollutants (especially CO),
using personal monitors, and in comparing these population exposure profiles with
readings from fixed monitoring stations.
Environmental Results
Air program activities have been directed toward the attainment and mainte-
nance of NAAQS. The combined Federal-State-local effort at controlling air
pollution has achieved a noticeable degree of success in improving ambient air
quality across the Nation, with some areas attaining all standards. The Clean
Air Act, as amended in 1977, requires specific results in those areas where air
quality standards are exceeded. The Act requires that the standards be attained
by the end of calendar year 1982. However, for ozone and carbon monoxide, attain-
ment of these standards is to be as expeditious as possible, but in no case later
than 1987. Extensions of the ambient air quality standard attainment dates for
ozone and carbon monoxide beyond 1982 were granted to 29 States. In 1983, all
necessary measures for control of ozone should be adopted by State and local govern-
ments. Their implementation will begin in 198J in most States with intensive
implementation expected during 1984.
Both NSPS and NESHAP sources currently exhibit low violation rates; the per-
centage of sources in violation and not meeting an acceptable compliance schedule
is 3.1 percent and 1.4 percent respectively. EPA and the States will need to
concentrate on ensuring these rates remain low. Compliance with these standards
remains a high priority of the air enforcement program. EPA will continue to
encourage delegation of existing and newly promulgated NSPS and NESHAP; however, a
residual level of £PA enforcement activity will be required.
The potential problems associated with acid deposition continue to be of
great national and international concern. Before any regulatory action can be
taken, the major sources of acid rain precursors need to be identified; the
magnitude, extent, and severity of acid deposition effects need to be assessed;
and possible measures for mitigating theSe effects heed to be evaluated. Research
to respond to these gaps 1n the data base are Included in the multi-media energy
program.
A-6
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AIR
Budget Current Increase*
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease*
Program Activities 1982 1983 1983 1:984 1984 vs. 1983
Number of pollutants
covered by hazardous
pollutants standards... 4656 +1
Number of source categories
covered by New Source *
Performance Standards... 40 66 52 67 +15
NSPS Proposal 7 -- 26 12 -14
NSPS Promulgation.. 4 19 18 -T
Number of automobile
engine families awarded
certificates for con-
formity with emission
standards 302 250 250 250
Number of emission tests
carried out for motor
vehicles certification
purposes.... 444 300 300 300
Number of fuel economy
tests carried out 281 700 700 700
Assembly line testing
test orders 25 17 17 17
Combined fuels/vapor
recovery inspections... 14,000 25,000 15,000 15,000
Recall Investigations... 42 35 38 44 +6
Numbers of compliance
monitoring inspections
conducted by EPA 2,093 1,835 1,835 1,694 -141
Number of compliance work-
shops presented to State
and local agencies 52 40 50 60 +10
Number of training courses
provided for State and
local agencies 27 17 17 15 -2
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Proposal... PR, S02 Pb '
N02
Promulgation CO PM, NO?
HC** S02
* Standards for 33 source categories were developed prior to the August 1979 pri-
ority listing. Subsequently, promulgations were made for 7 source categories
from the priority list between August 1979 and September 30, 1982; and 4 addi-
tional source categories were covered during the first quarter of 1983.
** Rescission
A-7
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Oxi dants A-9
Hazardous Air Pollutants........ A-22
Mobile Sources A-32
Gases & Particles.... A-44
A-8
-------
AIR
Oxidants
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Qu.al i ty Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
.& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
(DOLLARS
$192.3
S355.1
$547,4
$186.8
$6. .9
$193.7
$985.6
$369.2
Si, 354.8
51,085.2
$4,130.9
$5,216.1
$565.2
$1,575. 0
52,140,2
$1,509.7
S5, 898.0
$7,407.7
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$425,8
S300.8
$726.6
$185,5
$185.5
$693.9
$390. 1
SI, 084.0
SI, 138. 7
$1,952.2
53,090.9
$761.7
$1,602,7
52,364.4
SI, 375. 4
52,632.0
$4,007.4
$457.1
$300.8
$757.9
$693.9
$390.1
SI , 084, 0
51,138.7
$1,952.2
S3, 09 0.9
SI, 17 2, 6
$2,569.6
$3,742.2
$1,441.8
52,982.0
$4,423.8
S467.5
$600.8
$1,068.3
$752.7
$290.0
$1,042.7
$1,177.1
$1,910.9
S3, 088.. 0
$1,138.9
SI, 511.0
$2,649.9
$1,763.1
$2,180.2
$3,943.3
$10.4
S300..0
$310.4
$58.8
-$100.1
-$41,3
$38.4
-$41.3
-S2.9
-$33.7
-$1,058.6
-51,092.3
$321,3
-$801. 8
-S480.5
TOTAL.;
Salaries £ Expenses
Research & Development
Oxidants
$4,524,8 $4,581.0 $4,904.1 $5,299.3 $395.2
$12,335,1 56,877.8 S8.194.7 S6,492,.9 -$1,701,8
TOTAL $16,859.9 $11,458.8 $13,098.8 $11,792.2 -$1,306.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
3,8
3.6
5.5
1.9
6.5
6.5
A-9
-------
AIR
Oxidants
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems 4
Qua! ity Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
'& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
15.1
10.3
10.3
10.3
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems *
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
13.8
9.3
22.1
67.7
5.7
5.1
18.9
15.9
13.1
27.2
85.9
16.6
6.7
18.9
59.9
8.0
3,6
14.8
17.6
14.4
26.1
84.5
16.6
11.8
20.9
66.1
9.0
14.8
17.6 '
22.6
28.1
92.1
16.6
11.5
19.3
64.2
9.0
14.8
17.6
21.8 .
34,4
97.6
-.3
-1.6
-1.9
-.8
6.3
5.5
A-10
-------
AIR
Qxidants
Major Outputs/Milestones
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models.
- Develop .improved chemistry mechanisms
for urban scale ozone model,
(Env. Processes)
- Develop and validate the final regional
scale ozone model. (Env. Processes)
Develop Health and Welfare Effects
Information.
- Assess ozone impacts on crops
representing 90% of U.S. Acreage.
(Env. Processes)
- Provide journal article on the
effects of chronic N02 exposure on
host lung defenses, pulmonary function
and structure in mice. (Health)
- Provide journal article describing
the response to 03 on otherwise
nornal individuals who have sensitive
(responsive! airways, (Health)
- Provide journal article on rejfon.al
dosimetry and species sensitivity to
ozone. (Health)
Develop and-Validate Measurement and
Monitoring Methods.
- Provide quality assurance support
for Oxidant programs. (Monitoring)
- Provide final report from National
Atmospheric Pollutant Background Network.
(Monitoring)
Research and Assess Emission Reduction
Technologies.
- Report on design and construction of a:
flare testing facility (Env. Technology)
- Report on the results of joint demon-
stration with a major truck manufac-
turing Company to evaluate micro-
processor control device for VOC.
(Env. Technology)
Actual
1982
12/84
12/86
Current
Estimate Estimate
1983 1984
12/84 12/84
12/86 12/86
9/84
8/83
12/83
12/84
9/84
8/83
12/83
12/84
9/84
IE/83
12/84
12/82
6/84
3/83
6/83
12/82 12/84
6/84 6/84
-------
AIR
Oxidants
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Milestones 1982: 1983 1984
Provide guidance on how to apply 12/83
advanced heavy-oil, low NOX burner to
oil field steam generator. (Env.
Technology)
Report on the cost and efficiency 12/85 12/85 12/85
of improved VOC reduction technologies.
(Env. Technology)
Provide report on pilot-scale tests of 6/84 6/84
reburning techniques on stationary combustors.
(Env. Technology)
Provide report on technical requirements 12/84 12/84
for pellet fuel for NO, and SOX control
from stoker boilers. (Env. Technology)
Provide report on bench-scale tests of 6/84
potential for NOX reduction in industrial
glass furnaces. (Env. Technology)
&-12
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AIR
Qxidants
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $11,792,200 and 64.2 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $1,306,600 and .1.9 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in
this total is 55,299,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $6,492,900 for Research and
Development, with an increase of $395,200 and a decrease of $1,701,800 respectively.
This net decrease occurs primarily in the environmental engineering and technology
program element. In addition, the decrease reflects the transfer of $1,113,000 in
exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Description
The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977 (the Act), requires the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to periodically re-evaluate the adequacy of National
Anbient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) based upon the most scientifically credible
data base available at the time of review. Research is also needed to help the
regulatory decision-makers, the regulated community and the Regional, State and
local officials develop cost-effective control strategies and Implementation proce-
dures for the control of oxidgnts which include ozone, volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). The following objectives support these goals:
Objiective 1. Develop and Vali date A1 r Quailty Modelsto Support Imp! ementa-
tion, Maintenance aih"3Enforcement o? toai'ionaT"" Ambient 107 Qualify" standards
I NAAQS). Research under this objective provides the air quality moMT^, emtssTbns"
data, mo n i to ri ng tools, and technical strategies required by the Act. The results
Of this work are disseminated to the Regions, States, local governments and industry
for use in the development of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for the control of
photochemical oxidants.
Objective 2. DevelopHealth and Welfare .Effects Information to Support Review
and Revision of NAAQS^A cr i te ri a iJb'c ume ri t for heal 'th'and ' wel fa re" e?f ec ts prbv'f tie's
the primary documentation of scientific data for use in the review of existing
ambient air quality standards. The entire process of updating a criteria document
and proposing and finalizing changes to the existing standard is done at five-year
intervals as specified in Sections 108 and 109 of the Act. This criteria document
incorporates the data produced by the health program relating to the observable
health effects from ozone and pollutant mixtures, and the crop loss information
resulting from environmental effects research.
Objeptive 3. Develop and Va1i da te Me a s u remen t and Mo ni tor ing Methp ds i n Su p-
port of; the!JOxiHajts^rogr&m^Kequiremerits, Mew ana1 improved air pollution method-
oiogfes and liidriT'torTng techniques are oeing developed and evaluated to determine
air quality trends, compliance, and enforcement actions. Ambient, source, and
exposure measurement methods are needed for criteria pollutants and important
related pollutants.
Objective 4. Research and Assess Emission Reduction Techoplogles to Support
PermiWfng, New Source Performance Standards (R5P5), 'and" CompTianCje"Actffi'tjei. TrT
order to promulgate cost-effective NSPS and provide assistafice"r^t) EPA Regions,
State and local officials in their permitting, enforcement and compliance activ-
ities, research must be conducted to identify design criteria for developing more
reliable and less costly NOX and VOC emission reduction technologies.
A-13
-------
Objective 5. Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Oxidarits Pnjgram Re-
Fhis vs a Tong-terra, continuing task In support of TVtTeI'T4tf,~~Pa"rtI"5fc,
which specifies mandatory quality assurance for State and local air monitoring
stations. All measurements must be traceable to National Bureau of Standards
standard reference methods (SRMs) for the purpose of providing good procedures,
wherever possible, thereby ensuring that Agency decisions are backed by technical
data that are accurate and precise.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,068,300 and 6.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $467,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5600,800 is for
Research .and Development. This reflects an increase of $.10,400 and 3300,000
respectively, which supports the need to apply increased resources to the intensive
final stages of the ozone (photochemical oxidants) criteria document development.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of NAAT^ The current Agency schedule for reviewing and updating the ozone NAAQ5
cans for final standard promulgation in January 1986. Thus, the final review
draft of the ozone criteria document will be completed in July 1984 and published
in 1985. This document provides the primary documentation of key scientific data
needed for reviewing the existing standard.
198.3 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $757,900 and 6.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $457,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $300,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of ' .NAAtg, Fhe first external review draft of the' j^vTsM'crTte'rts document Yor
photochemical oxidants is being prepared for release to the public for comment by
February 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$31,300 results from the following action:
-Reprogramniings. (+$31,3.00) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$31,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $547,400 for this program, of which
$192,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $355,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Heal th and Wei fare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of HAAQS. The second update of^ the criteria document for photochemical "oxidants
was initiated. In addition, technical support was provided to assist the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) in the regulatory proposal development,
public comment review and final promulgation of a revised NOX standard.
.A-14
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION AMD LIAISON
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5193,700 for this program, of which
$186,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and .$6,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This activity,
which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Inter-
media program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 1984 Program Request, 1983
Program, and 1,982. Accomplishments narrative' sections appear there.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AMD QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 51,042,700 and 10.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $752,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5290,000 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of 558,800 and a decrease of
5100,100 respectively. This net decrease results from the transfer of resources
for the exploratory research program to the Intermedia program.
Develop and ValidateMeasurement_and Monitoring Methods in Support of the Oxi-
dants Prog ram Requirements.Ten standard ultraviolet photometers, developed For
use in monitoring"ozone concentrations during field operations, will be delivered
during the 1983-1986 time frame and distributed to the Regions for use as standard
reference instruments for ozone measurements. Emphasis will be placed on evalua-
ting existing, commercial VOC measuring instruments and preparing guidelines and
operation manuals for use by EPA, State and local authorities.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Oxidants Program Requirements. The
National Standards Laboratory and the National Audit Program wilt be maintained, and
the repository of standard reference materials operated. Reference samples, gas
samples, permeation devices and flow rates traceable to NBS standards will be
supplied to the user community. The audit program will ensure that the data base
used for regulatory decision-making is accurate, precise and reliable. The National
Atmospheric Pollution Background Network will be completed 1n 1984. The data
gathered from this network will be reduced, validated and entered into the National
Aerometric Data Bank for use by the scientific and regulatory community. Short-term
monitoring support will be provided to the OAQPS and the Regions for use in review
of State Implementation Plans for air transport model development.
1983 .Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,084,000 and 10.3 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $693,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5390,100 for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods in Support of the Oxi-
dants Program Requ 1 reiBents~I The emphasis of the monitoring'program is on evaluating
existingTVOC ironitb-ring "instruments and preparing user guidelines and manuals for
the use of these existing instruments. Two of the standard ultraviolet photometers
are being delivered to selected Regions for- use as standard instruments for calibra-
tion of field units.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Oxidants Program Requirements.
The Nat'Tonalstandards Laboratory and the National Audit Program are operating and
supplying gas samples, permeation devices, reference analyses and flow rates trace-
able to MBS standards to the user community. The National Atmospheric Pollution
Background Network is being operated with five stations as sufficient data have
been obtained from the three discontinued stations. Short-term monitoring support
is being supplied to OAQPS and the Regions for use in review of State Implementa-
tion Plans and for air transport model development.
.A-15
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,354,800 for this program, of
which $985,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5369,200 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Valj. date^ Heasuj'enrentjmd>Monitoring Methods in Support of the pxi-
dantsTrOqram^RequTrenienf?! Resea'rclf^on monTtaring systems for the measurement1' of
ozone, nitrogenoxidesand other oxidant precursors (e.g. VOCs) was conducted.
One ultraviolet photometer was delivered to EPA for use in developing guidelines
and manuals. Preliminary work was carried out on the development of a portable,
low cost VOC monitor.
ProvideQuality Assurance Support for theOxidantsProgramRequirements.
The repository of standard reference materials waTraaintai"he'd. Reference analyses,
gas samples, permeation devices and flow rates traceable to the MBS standards were
provided to the user community. The National Audit program was continued. In
addition, the National Atmospheric Pollution Background Network operated eight
stations in National Forests.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1934Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,088,000 and 16.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 51,177,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,910,900 is
for extramural Research and Development activities. This reflects and increase of
$38,400 in Salaries and Expenses and a decrease of $41,300 in Research and Develop-
ment. This slight net decrease results from increased emphasis on clinical dose-
response work in an effort to obtain more data on the acute effects of oxidant
inhalation and to investigate the possible health risks to those persons who may
be more sensitive to oxidant exposure which was offset by the transfer of long-term
exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Develop Health and Welfare; JEff'gctj. Infprmatiori _tp__Support_Revi_ew^ and Revision
of NAAQS. the TieaTtTT research program has two major goals: TT to provide Sata oh
a full range of health effects of 03 and KOg exposure from human and animal studies;
and 2) to provide better models to extrapolate animal data to humans.
EPA relies on animal test data i.n setting and revising standards for protecting
human health under the Clean Air Act. Present extrapolation techniques do not
always provide a reliable and quantitative correlation between animal and predicted
human response. Therefore, improvement of these techniques is a priority need.
Animal experiments will provide data on the functional, morphological, and bio-
chemical changes occurring in young and adult rodents following six weeks of
exposure to ozone and NO?. Newly developed sophisticated animal tests will be used
to measure subtle metabolic and biochemical deviations following oxidant exposure.
These test-results will provide a refined data base to develop a cost-effective,
accurate model to extrapolate animal biochemical and metabolic responses to human
effects. Human studies of oxidant removal in the nasal passages will support
development of reliable extrapolation models.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,090,900 and 16.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,138,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,952,200 is for extramural Research and Development activities.
A-16
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Deyelop Health and Wei fare Effects Information to Support Review and Revlsi on
of NAAQS. Mathematical modelsthat can predict respiratory tract" dose patterns
of ozone and NC>2 are essential for extrapolation of effective pollutant concentra-
tions between animals and man. In 1983, a validated mathematical model for ozone
uptake is being completed. In addition, work is progressing to determine the
sensitivity of different animal species to ozone at concentrations equivalent to
those of interest in primary standard setting. This will improve the use of
animal data in predicting human response to ozone.
Human dose-response studies are being conducted to describe changes in pulmo-
nary function, biochemistry and immunology following acute exposure to ozone and
NOg- Emphasis is being placed on evaluating these effects in potentially sensitive
persons, such as asthmatics. _[n_ vitro and in vivo examinations of biochemical and
immunological changes are being initiated. "The animal program is emphasizing the
assessment of changes in pulmonary structure and function, blood, and host defense
mechanisms following chronic exposures, particularly in young animals and those
with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
1983mExplanatjon of Chang_es^from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accompl i.shinenits
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $5,216,100 for this program, of which
$1,085,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,130,900 was
for extramural Research and Development activities.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information toSupport Review and Revi-
sion of NAAQS.' Research focused on providing human Jrv3 animal dose-response
data, especially data on pulmonary function changes in healthy and potentially
sensitive populations following oxidant inhalation. Accomplishments during 1982
included results from clinical studies which identified otherwise healthy people
who are "hyperresponders" to ozone, and results from animal studies which describe
alterations in blood Hpid levels following chronic ozone exposure. An increase
in the level of circulating blood lipids correlates with increased risk of arte-
riosclerosis-
Research to develop better models to extrapolate animal effects data to humans
resulted in the development of a mathematical model which predicts ozone and N02
transport patterns in human lungs using rodent dose-response data; and in in
vitro and in vivo comparisons between human and animal lung tissue and sensitivily"
to damage from oxidants.
LNVIROJJME1TAL ENGINEERING...AND TECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of $2,649,900 an.d 11.5 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $1,138,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,511,000 is
for Research and Development. This reflects decreases of $33,700 and 51,058,600,
respectively. This reduction results from the transfer of resources for long-term
exploratory research to the Intermedia program. This reduction also results from
the completion of research on capture systems for spray painting and the completion
of an evaluation of flares for the petrochemical industry. The research in these
areas are at the stage where private industry can pursue further research.
Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies to Support Permitting,
NSPSand Compliance Activities VOC's are a major cause of the ozone non-attain-
mentproblem in widespread areas of the country. Reliable data on demonstrated,
cost-effective and energy-efficient emission reduction technologies for many medium
and small sources of VOC's are lacking. Research on optimizing VOC reduction
technologies such as carbon adsorption, catalytic oxidation and thermal oxidation
will be continued for a broad range of sources to support the development of NSPS
and the establishment of SIP's,
A-17
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Since NOx is a primary pollutant, the regulations must be periodically up-
dated. Therefore, the research and assessment of NOX emission reduction technol-
ogies are needed. Prior research has proven that combustion modification methods
can be effective for controlling NOX as well as other emissions. Thus, these
methods for reducing NQX emissions and improving the performance of industrial
furnaces will be evaluated. Specifically, a method for NO* control and both ,MOX
and SOX control will be evaluated; options of infurnace (post-flame) reburm'ng
for NOX control on gas, oil and coal-fired bench scale combustors will be assessed;
and an evaluation of a coal pellet stocker technology for field use with heavy-oil
fuels will be completed. Combustion modification methods applicable to industrial
glass furnaces will be evaluated for this industry. The evaluation of a heavy
oil, low MOX burners will be completed at pilot-scale. The results will be
evaluated against a full-scale evaluation in conjunction with Industry (100 x 10°
BTU/hr) to determine if cost and efficiency can be improved by using EPA developed
technology, thereby making regulatory compliance more reasonably achievable.
Fundamental research to develop a technical basis for estimating achievable
NOX emissions from current and future combustion equipment and fuels and research
on the formation and destruction of NOX wil'l be conducted to support the development
of emerging emission reduction technologies. During 1984, research on understand-
ing the controlling chemistry and mixing processes of in-furnace, NOX reduction
(reburm'ng) as applied to oil-fired furnaces will be pursued for process equipment
which typically burn heavy residual fuel oil. This research supports the develop-
ment of an industrial boiler NSPS.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,742,200 and 11.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,172,600 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and S2,569,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologiesto Support Permitting,
NSPS and Compl 1 a'nce Activities. VOC emission reduction measures; for which evalu-
atTons'afebeingconductedinclude carbon adsorption, thermal oxidation and
catalytic oxidation. Research on capture systems (including hoods) is being com-
pleted as is the evaluation of flares for the petrochemical industry. Collection
of emission data is being continued for metal coating operations and on inhalable
particulates from metallurgical sources.
In the NOX emission reduction areas, combustion modification methods for
reducing NOX and improving the performance of industrial furnaces are being
assessed. Research on the heavy oil, low NOX burner is being conducted. Fundamen-
tal combustion research is focusing on elucidating the important intermediates
and reaction paths involved in the formation of NOX in fossil fuel firing.
1963Explanation ofChangesfrom Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$-1,377,800 results from the following action:
-Restructuring. (+$1,377,800) The Congressionally approved restructuring
eliminated the Gases and Particles, and ?, Oxidants - Energy program elements and
moved them into the Air program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
program effort and the end products are air regulations. The change to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation was +$410,900 and the change to the Research and Devel-op-
ment appropriation was +$966,900.
A-18
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1932 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 52,140.,200 for this program, of which
5565,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,575,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research anil Development appropriation,
Researchand Assess Emission Reduction Technologies to Support Permitting,
HSPS and Compliance Activities. Research focused on collecting emission data on
metal coatirigoperati bnS ' arid on inhalable particulates from metallurgical sources.
Research also focused on evaluating emission reduction technologies such as carbon
adsorption, thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, capture systems and flares, A
pilot-scale testing facility for flares was constructed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES ANDEFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,943,300 and 19.3 permanent workyears for
thi.s program, of which 31,763,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and 52,180,200 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of 5321,300 and a decrease
of 5801,800, respectively. The net decrease results from the following: an overall
Increase in the ozone crop loss assessment program which results primarily from a
transfer of resources from the gases and particles crop loss assessment program,
the completion of biogenic emissions research and the transfer of long-term explor-
atory research resources to the Intermedia program.
De ve 1 op a nd V a 1 i da te Air Qua1i ty Models to Support Imp 1 erne n t a t i o n, Ma i rite -
nance,'" arid Enforcement jaf.NA^QS The pr i ma ry= Toe u s o f th is' p rb gr am is the de ve T op -
ment of air models 'needed 'by' OAQPS, the Regions, and State, local and industry
officials. Urban scale air quality simulation models for ozone will be validated
and refined fo.r dissemination to the user community, In order to address recently
observed inadequacies in the urban modeling predictions, the program will develop
a chemical mechanism that quantitatively describes ozone formation in the ambient
air. Research to develop a more accurate chemical mechanism that describes the
atmospheric chemistries of major VOCs, predicts the effects of organic composition
changes on ambient ozone and accurately predicts formation of M02 and other
non-ozone oxidants will be conducted. Improving the ozone chemistry will result
in more accurate urban model predictions and thus will allow for the development
of more cost-effective oxidant control strategies.
A second generation regional scale model for ozone will .be developed. Major
emphasis will .be placed on testing the accuracy of the regional ozone model devel-
oped from the Northeast Regional Oxidant Study (NEROS). The major deficiencies
in the various modular components of the regional model, such as the chemistry,
meteorology and emissions submodules, will be identified and corrected. The
model will allow decision-makers to evaluate the impact of oxidant control plans
on individual cities by determining the contribution of regional pollution to
urban areas. In addition, the regional model will be adapted for use in dealing
with other regional scale pollution problems such as particulates and visibility.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Suppcrt Review and Revision
of HAfljjSlThrough the NatTonal Crop Loss ^Assessment Network (NCLANT^the' economic
Impacts of ozone on the yield of major crop species (covering 90% of the United
States crop acreage) will be determined under conditions that are typical of ambient
environments. This .data will be used to build on the dose-response data collected
previously and to conduct a national economic assessment of ozone impacts on crop-
loss. Since variations in environmental factors such as climate and soil moisture
can influence the effect of a given air pollution level on agricultural crops,
research will address the interactions of these factsrs to allow a region-by-region
assessment of the economic impacts of oxidants in,future years.
A-19
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J.98JProgram
In 1983, the Agency Is allocating a total of 54,423,800 and 20.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,441,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,982,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models to Support Imp!ementation. Mainte-
nance,and Enforcementof KAAQS.A number of urban scale air quality models for
ozone are being developed and"validated for use in the development and implementa-
tion of SIPs. Studies of several existing chemical mechanisms suggest that current
chemical mechanisms used in air quality models can result in erroneous ozone predic-
tions and could be introducing errors when used in air quality models, thus, the
najor research effort in 1983 will focus on smog chamber studies where mixtures
of nitrogen oxides and VOCs (including aromatic compounds) will be irradiated to
form ozone.
In addition, air quality data obtained from a major field sudy in the North-
east is being used to validate a regional scale photochemical model. When
validated, the regional photochemical model is expected to play a major role in
assessing the overall strategies for oxidant control for large areas of the United
States.
Research studying the contribution of biogenic emissions to the total ambient
burden of ozone is being completed. A model, laboratory and field program is
being conducted to develop emission factors representing major biogenic compounds;
to assess the transport and transformation processes; and to calculate the poten-
tial amount of ozone that forms as a result of the biogenic emissions. This infor-
mation on biogenic emissions will be used in assessing the regional inventory of
VOC levels that potentially affect major urban areas and in developing more
adequate control technologies for urban areas.
Deve 1 op Health .and Melfare Effects Infonnation to Support. Review and Revis1 on
of NAAQS.. FieTcFTresearch on the development of a nationwide data Kse through the"
NatToriaT Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) is being conducted to assess the
impact of ozone on the yield of major agronomic crops. Dose-response data are
being developed for a wide variety of crop types and exposure doses.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$416,400 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Actions. (+$416,400) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this" activity resulted' in the following changes. '
(+366,400) This increase includes +.$66,400 of the S10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses .add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Age.ncy.
(+$350,000) Congress added +58,526,200 to the .Research and Development appro-
priation for priority activities at the discretion of the Agency. This specific
increase supports the National Crop Loss? Assessment Network to assess .crop loss
from ozone exposure for two additional crops.
1982 Accomplishments ,
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 37,407,700 for this program, of which
51,509,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses .appropriation and 55,898,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A-20
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Develop and Validate Air Quality Models to Support the Implementation, Main-
tenance,and Enforcement :OT ^AAQ|7 THe '.researcfi program fo developIregional
scale model for ozone continued. A regional model was formulated and tested against
portions of the Northeast Regional Oxidant Study (NEROS) air data base and improved
for accuracy where necessary. The regional model, when fully developed and vali-
dated, can be used by State and Regional officials to calculate the extent of
ozone transport from one area to another. While the regional model was formulated
to predict regional ozone levels, it was designed to be used for modeling regional
scale fine particles, sulfate .concentration, and transport as well.
Develop Heajth and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of NAAQ'S. FieTcTahd laboratory research addressed the role of environmental factors
TTncTudTng soil moisture) on the growth and yield responses of crops to ozone,
since these factors greatly influence the effects of air pollution. The data from
previous field research was organized into dose-response functions. Using these
data, technical information and assistance was provided to the Agency's program and
Regional Offices, and to State and local governments, on damages associated with
the effects of oxidants an economically important agricultural crops. An economic
modeling approach was initiated to assess the costs associated with ozone pollution.
A-21
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE
1984
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research a Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries S Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Hazardous Air TOTAL
Pollutants
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information 8
Liaison
$888. 2
$501.8
$1,390.0
$91.5
$1.8
$93.3
$2,021.4
$1,666.4
$3,687.8
$1,179,9
$1,391.8
$2,571.7
$197.8
$524.7
$722.5
$291.6
$1,200.1
$1,491.7
$4,670.4
$-5,286.6
$9,957/0
18.6
1.4
$1,333.2
$675.0
$2,008.2
$85.9
$85.9
$1,729.9
31,013.9
$2,743.8
$1,476.1
S865.8
$2,341.9
$316.6
$498.0
$814.6
$4,941.7
$3,052.7
57,994.4
21.0
1.2
$1,359.9
$675.0
$2,034,9
$1,729.9
$1,513.9
$3,243.8
$1,609.0
$865.8
$2,474.8
$316.6
$498.0
$814.6
$5,015.4
$3,552.7
38,568.1
24.0
$1,481.1
$1,775.0
$3,256.1
$1,847.2
$1,355.0
$3,202.2
$1,804,0
$753.5
$2,557.5
S321.2
$542.3
$863.5
$5,453.5
$4,425.8
$9,879.3
24.0
$121.2
$1,100.0
$1,221.2
$117.3
-$158.9
-$41.6
$195.0
-S112.3
$82.7
S4.6
$44.3
$48.9
$438.1
S873.1
$1,311.2
A-22
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 YS 1983
Monitoring Systems &
Qual i ty Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quail ty Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS U
32.6
20.6
2.3
6.9
82.4
23.7
1.9
37.3
22.3
5.3
6.9
97.4
i THOUSANDS;
30.1
21.1
3.9
77.3
29.6
2.1
34.0
23.7
3.9
93.3
1
29.6 . 29.6
25.1 25.1
3.9 3.9
82.6 82.6
32.2 32.6 .4
33.5 33.5
27.7 27.7
3.9 3.9
97.3 97.7 .4
A-23
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
MajorOutputs/Milestones 1982 1983 1984
Prepare Health and Risk Assessments
- Complete 9 screening assessments. 3/83 3/83
(Sci. Assess.)
- Complete 7 full assessments for use in
listing decisions 6/83 6/83
(Sci. Assess.)
- Complete sixteen full assessments for 3/84 3/84
use in listing decisions
(Sci. Assess.)
- Complete fourteen full assessments for
use in listing .decisions (Sci. Assess.) 9/95
Develop Information on Health, Emission
Reduction Technologies, Monitoring,
and Transport and Fate
Report on intercomparison of methods at
Non-Criteria Pollution Center 9/83 9/84
(Monitoring)
- Report on organic compounds in indoor air 9/83 9/83
(Monitoring)
- Journal article on the comparative mutagenic
and carcinogenic activity of sources 8/83 8/83
(Health)
- Journal article on the effects of thirteen
HAPs on host defense and metabolism in
aniraals (Health) 1/84 1/84 1/84
- Determine wet and dry removal
of HAPs (Env. Processes) 4/84 4/34 ' _ 4/84
- Determine decomposition rates
for HAPs (Env. Processes) 6/85 6/85 6/85
- Report on field tests for catalytic >
oxidation (Env. Technology) 12/83
- Report on measurements of emissions »
front a ferroalloy production facility 12/83
(Env. Technology)
Provide Quality Assurance Support
- Issue Standard Reference Materials
for 2 HAPs per year from OAQPS priority
list (Monitoring) 9/82 9/83 9/84
A-24
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,879,300 and 82,6 permanent wor.kyears for
1984, an increase of SI,311,200 from 1983. Included in this total is $5,453,500
for Salaries and Expenses and 34,425,800 for Research and Development, with an
increase of 5438,100 and $873,100 respectively, this increase is in the scien-
tific assessment program element. In addition, this increase is partially offset
by the transfer of 5297,100 in exploratory research funds to the Intermedia pro-
gram.
Program Description
The Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) research program responds to the regula-
tory needs of the Clean Air Act under Sections lll(d) and 112. The program
addresses: (a) an assessment of the human health risks associated with exposure
to certain potentially hazardous chemicals in the ambient air; (b) the sources,
concentrations, and transport and fate of these chemicals; and (c) the technical
feasibility and costs of reducing human exposure to those chemicals. Chemicals
are identified and screened to determine if they warrant prioritization for health
assessment consideration. The HAP program also includes resources to provide
quality assurance support to assure that the collection of data is of acceptable
accuracy and precision. The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Prepare_ HeaHh and Risk Assessments to SupportRegulation of
Hazardous Air Polllftarfts. Tn'FTFficFW"ResearcTi anfl~Development IBRDT"responds^tb
the needs of the'"'Offic.e of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to conduct
chemical-specific risk assessments. These assessments provide the health and
environmental basis from which a determination can be made if the exposure to a
pollutant can reasonably be expected to result in irreversible or incapacitating
reversible illness. The assessments .are then combined with OAQPS preliminary
exposure analyses to provide quantitative estimates of the degree of population
risk and disease incidence.
Objective,2. Develop InforTnat:ion on Health, ^mission Reduction Technologies,
Mpn1'toT^"9"V~"iffy"jnfiispp'rE anct Fate W Support »AP Retaliatory Activities. EfiT3er
Wis objective, ORD provides the scientific information to UAQf'S on what contaminants
are present in the air; their chemical concentration, transport, transformation,
and persistence in the atmosphere; and the nature of their adverse health effects.
This information provides the basis for decisions made during the preliminary
exposure analysis as to whether or not risk assessments need to be conducted.
Research is conducted in response to information needs that have become apparent
during the production of the exposure analysis and health assessment documents.
Objectivei_3_. Provide QujlityAsj^ of Hazardous Air Pollutants
RelpfreW activity pfQVKies^'s'taMar^rTeTel'ence
materials that permit decisions to be made with confidence that the research
results are not spurious and that chemical and physical determinations of pollutant
fate, transport, and transformation are'not in error.
SCIENTIFICASSESSMENT
1984 program Request
The Agency requests a total of S3,256,100 and 24.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,481,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and SI,775,000 is
for Research and Development. This reflects .an-increase of $121,200 and $1,100,000
respectively, to intensify efforts to prepare health assessments for use by OAQPS
in hazardous air pollutant (HAP) listing decisions.
A-25
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Prepare Health and Risk Assessments to Support Regulation of Hazardous Air
Pollutants. The current Agency strategy for evaluating hazardous "air pollutants
calls for assessing the toxicity of thirty-seven chemical substances, and for re-
viewing the health basis for existing regulations for three other substances. The
length of time to complete an assessment, from eighteen to twenty-four months,
depends on several factors: the severity of toxicity, quality and amounts of
scientific data available, and the diversity of scientific opinions on how to
assess the compound1'.? potential risk. By accelerating the assessment program we
expect to have complete assessments for the entire list of chemicals referenced
above ready for Science Advisory Board review, and OAQPS use, by the end of 1985.
Specifically, sixteen comprehensive assessments begun in prior years will be
completed in 1984 and fourteen new assessments initiated in 1984 will be completed
in 1985, Also, a re-evaluation of the health basis for one regulated chenical
(beryllium) will be completed.
/
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,034,900 and 24.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,359,900 1s under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $675,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Prepare Health arid^ Risk Assessraents^ to Support Regulation of Hazardous Air
Pollutants, seven Assessment?begun fn prioryears are being = completed7While six
new ones are being Initiated. A review of the health basis for one previously
regulated pollutant (mercury) is being started. Refinements to the assessment
methodologies, especially for carcinogenicity are being completed.
1983 Expl anation of Changes from Budget £_stitnate
The net increase of +526,700 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$265,700) This increase includes +5265,700 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional
permanent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogramniings. (-$239,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several repfogr'ammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramraing limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$239,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompji shments - .
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,390,000 for this program, of which
5888,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $501,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Prepare Health and Risk .Assessments to Support Regulation of Hazardous Air
Pollutants^Out of twelve health assessments begun in prior years nine were sub-
mi ttea for public comment via Federal Register notice and SAB review. One of the
nine was cleared by the SAB. In addition, eight new assessments were initiated.
An effort to refine existing health assessment methods (specifically for carcino-
genicity) were initiated.
TECHHICAl INFORMATiON AND LIAISON
1982 Ace ompl1shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 593,300 for this program, of which
591,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research .and Development appropriation. This
activity, which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated
into the Intermedia program in 1983. Thus, the P rog ram De scrip ti on, Igg^^rograni
Request, 1983 Program, and 1982 Accomplishments nariralTvesections appear""fliereV
A-26
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
19.84 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,202,700 and 29.6 permanent workyears for
this program of which $1,847,200 is for Salaries and Expenses, and 51,355,000 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of 3117,300 and a decrease
of $158,900 respectively. This net decrease reflects an Increased emphasis on
developing new monitoring methods, which was offset by the completion of indoor air
characterization studies and the transfer of resources for exploratory research to
the Intermedia program.
Develop Information on Health, Emission Reduction Techno! ogies, Mom tori n£ and
Transport ami Fate to Support HAP Regulatory ^ctivlfles.' Iri response to 5He need
for a more coordinated effort to monitor non-criteria contaminants at the Regional,
State, and local level, ORD will maintain a non-criteria monitoring station in
Philadelphia and plans to expand the program to establish three other stations.
These stations will function as a focal point for the development and evaluation
of field and laboratory methodology to permit the characterization of urban and
non-urban atmospheres and will provide the mechanism for any trend analysis requir-
ed. Also, these stations will allow Regional, State and local agencies to evaluate
their existing methods and will provide a training center for personnel. Methods
selected for study will include direct gas chromatographic analysis and the concen-
tration of contaminants using selective polymer adsorbents (e.g., Tenax) and
cryogenic trapping.
Stationary source methodology will be evaluated and validated to support the
regulatory activity. This will involve measurement of instrument drift, estab-
lishing control limits, defining out of control limits and specifying corrective
action and alternate methods to minimize down time.
In ambient air, the focus will be on developing and assessing sampling/
concentration methods and developing advanced methods of analysis. The advanced
methods to be evaluated for specific HAPs are Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrpmetry
(MS/MS), Tuneable Atomic Line Molecular Spectrometry (TALMS) and gas chronato-
graphy/Fourier Transfer Infared Spectrometry (GC/FTIR).
Provide Quality Assurance Support for HAP Program Requlrements. A repository
for reference samples will be expanded and maintained.Quality Assurance guidelines
will be developed detailing the procedures and how to apply these procedures to
specific hazardous air pollutant problems for use by Region, and State, and local
laboratories. Audits of Regional > State, and local government laboratories will
be performed. Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) traceable to the National
Bureau of Standards (NB.S) will be developed.
1983Program
In 1983., the Agency is allocating a total of $3,243,800 and 29.6 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,729,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and SI",513,900 is under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Information on Health, Emission Reduction Technologies, Monitoring,
and Transg^' aWAT a cooperative
effort;," the flrslf noli-critefi₯ monitoring station" Ts being established in Philadel-
phia to provide for the characterization of an urban, industrial pollutant atmos-
phere. In 1983, we are conducting a study to characterize the types and concentra-
tions of indoor air po1lutio"n, especially outgassing of building materials in build-
ings that the public has access to (e.g., office buildings, hospitals, schools).
The results of this study are being compared to previous studies.
A-27
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Provide Quality Assurance Support for HAP Program Requirements. SRM's are
being validated and issued for th"e methods mentioned above (forraaldephyde, acryloni-
trile). The sample repository is being maintained and quality assurance performance
audits are being conducted for Regions and local governments as requested.
SRM's for asbestos will be issued in 1983.
1983 .Explanation of Changes from Budget Istimate
The net increase of +$500,000 results frofn the following action:
-CongressionalAction. (+$500,000) Congress added +58,526,200 to the Research
and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion, of the
Agency. This specific increase supports characterizing indoor air which was tar*
geted as a high priority action by Congress in the Conference Report on our 1983
Appropriation's Bill.
1982 AceompVi sjvnentS
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,687,800, of which 52,021,400 was
under the Salaries arid Expenses appropriation, and $1,666,400 was for extramural
purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Inforaation on Health. Emission
and Transport'" ajar Tate ^W ^Support ^^~^1^4^ry. J^Hy!'^'^' In support"~oT"We
stationary source methodology, a strategy document delcribingTampI ing and analysis
techniques for specific industries was prepared for OAQPS. The laboratory study
report on formaldehyde completed final peer review.
ORD conducted a pilot study in the Washington O.C. area to characterize the
types and concentrations of indoor air pollution. In the selection of the types of
buildings used in this study we were assisted by the National Institute of Building
Sciences (NIBS). NIBS also helped determine the types of building materials used
in the buildings selected.
A cryogenic sampler was developed to enhance our ability to analyze ambient
air samples. This instrument, which permits trapping of volatile organics at
different temperatures, allows much greater precision than that obtained using
fixed temperature trapping.
Provide Quality Assurance Support forHAP Progran Requirements. Benzene and
perch! oroethy 1 ene 'SRW s were i ssued. Four audits'1were conducted on tPA source test
contractors. A report on the joint NBS/EPA Asbestos Standard Meeting was issued,
A report was issued in the Laboratory Intercomparison Program for air pollution
measurements. The results indicated acceptable levels on precision and accuracy
for the audited laboratories.
HEALTHEFFECTS
1984 Prog ram, Requ es t
The Agency requests a total of $2,557,500 and 25.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which SI,804,000 is for Salaries and Expenses, and 5753,500 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $195,0.00 and a decrease
of 3112,300 respectively. This net increase results from increased intramural
emphasis on dose-response studies of the respiratory toxicity of organic vapors
and on the development of better animal models to predict respiratory and neurologic
toxic effects of HAPs, and a decrease in extramural resources due to a transfer
of exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
A-28
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Develop Information on Health, Emission Reduction Technologies, Monitoring and
Transport and Fate to Support HAP Regulatory Activities.The health research pro-
gram for this objective has three goals: jl)" to develop and validate methods to
produce dose-response data on the toxic effects of HAPs; (2) to produce dose-
response data on the toxic effects of HAPs; and (3) to develop models which Improve
our ability to use dose-response data in risk assessments.
Methods to be developed will be designed to provide dose-response data on the
genetic, developmental, and neurotqxic effects of HAPs. Emphasis will be placed
on the toxic components of gaseous-aerosol complex mixtures. Chemicals will be
identified which adversely affect reproduction and/or development, or which have
toxic effects upon the nervous system. Studies will provide information on the
toxicity of airborne chemicals presumed to be HAPs. This information will contri-
bute to risk assessments needed by QAQPS to identify and regulate HAPs.
In dose-response toxicological research, chemicals selected by OAQPS will be
studied to determine their toxicity to respiratory mechanisms. The mutagenic
and carcinogenic activity of five potential HAPs will be determined. The effects
of chemicals suspected as being hazardous to the nervous system will be studied
because, due to their chemical structures, many potential HAPs evidence early nerv-
ous system effects which may besone progressively worse with increasing dosages and
which are likely to be chronic effects.
Animal models of respiratory physiology and function will be developed to pro-
vide more reliable methods for estimating doses to critical lung tissues. Models
of neurologic toxicity will be developed involving physical, chemical and behavior-
al tests to predict human responses to insult from potential HAPs. Doserre-
sponse data are needed for use in risk assessments of HAPs, and better extarpola-
tion models will Improve the use of such data in the risk assessment process.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,474,800 and 25.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,6.09,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $865,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation.
Develop Information on Health, Emission Reduction Technologies, Monitoring,
and Transport and Fate to Support HAP Regulatory Activities.Prior emphasis
on the carcinogenic potential of HAPs has been broadened to include other health
endpoints such as mutagenic, reproductive, and neurologic effects. Reports of dose-
response data are forthcoming on the mutagenic potential of ambient air, of organic
gases and vapors in urban ambient air, and of ambient air near stationary sources.
Bioassay techniques are also being developed which will provide doseresponse data
more rapidly, reliably, and inexpensively. The genetic, respiratory, and neuro-
logic toxicity of chemicals selected by OAQPS are being studied. Biological models
are being developed which will provide better methods for extrapolating data on
genetic toxicology from animal tests to predict human effects as well as better
methods for extrapolating from observed effects at high doses to those at low doses.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$132,900 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$132,900) This increase includes +$132,900 of the
$10.5 milli.on Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total'of $2,571,700 for this program, of which
$1,179,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $1,391,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A-29
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Develop Information on Health, Emission ReductionTechnologies, Monitoring,
and Transport and Fate to Support the HAP Rggu.l^to^y^'fe'tWft'tjes'. Biiphlsis
was pi aced on development of bi oassay s for Identification arid screening of HAPs,
primarily with carcinogenesis and mutagenesis as ertdpoints. Studies were performed
to obtain dose-response data on HAP review for support of regulation development
and review, and the development of models was begun to improve the Agency's cap-
ability to perform risk assessments based on data obtained from animal studies.
ENVIRONMENTAL :ENGINEERINS AND TECHNOLOGY
1983 Program
The research in this program has been transferred to the Air Oxidants program
for 1983,
1982 Accompl1shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $722,500 to this program, of which
3197,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and 3524,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation..
Develop Information on Health, Emission Reductions Technologies, Monitoring,
and Transport Ind Fate to Support HAP Regulatory Actfviti'ls.!"n 1982, emphasis was
'pi ac Id on c oITect 1 rig enri s s i o n da ta a nd aval uVt 1 ng etni s s ion reduction technologies
to assist OAQPS in the review and development of NESHAPS. An evaluation of the
effectiveness of catalytic oxidation in controlling volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions was conducted. Field tests for catalytic incinerators were performed.
The results indicated that the technology has significant potential for reducing
VOCs, but consistent performance was difficult to achieve. Measurements of emis-
sions from a ferroalloy production facility were taken, and a demonstration and
evaluation of a technology to reduce emissions was conducted and shown to be highly
effective and reliable.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Prog ram Reque st
The Agency requests a total of $863,500 and 3.9 permanent workyears, of which
5321,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $542,300 is for Research and Development.
This request represents an increase of 34,600 and $44,300 respectively. This
reflects Increased- emphasis on characterizing HAPs in the ambient air.
Develop Information on Health, Emission Reduction technologies, Monitoring,
and T7arisport andjt Fate? ^tp Support HAP Regulatory Activities. Research on the
'a tnio spner i c tr a nspbrt ^ tr ahs f o rnia ti on, a nd f ate of haza rdou spo 11 u tan ts will sup-
port the needs of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Studies using
predictive transport models will identify innocuous chemicals which, after being
emitted, are chemically transformed into more hazardous air pollutants. The resul-
tant chemicals will be identified and the transformation process determined through
simulated photochemical reactions in smog chambers. Research will be conducted to
determine the rates of physical loss of HAPs from the atmosphere through dry depo-
sition and wet removal. The ambient air'.characterization study in ten urban areas
will continue in an effort to describe the daily, weekly, and seasonal concentra-
tion variations and the movement of HAP from source to receptor. A preliminary
study in this area will provide information to enable researchers to determine
periods when peak concentrations of HAPs occur.
Information from these studies will enhance our understanding of selected HAPs
relative to: determining trends for ambient volatile organic HAPs; determining if
additional transport, transformation, and fate studies are warranted; and previding
important input Into developing exposure/risk assessments.
A-30
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1983 Program
In fiscal year 1983, the Agency Is allocating a total of $814,500 and 3.9 per-
manent workyears for this program, of which 5316,600 is under the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and 5498,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research
and Development appropriation.
Develop Inforroation on Health, Emission Reduction Technologies, Monitoring,
and i ran sport and ( ate to buppo"rT"HOTr Regulatory ActVvYties.kesearch to determine
photol_ytic "decomposition rates and their rate of"pKysicVl~loss from the atmosphere
is being conducted. This research stresses dry and wet deposition removal for addi-
tional HAPs to meet the needs of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Atmospheric studies to characterize the distribution and concentration of trace
volatile organic compounds are scheduled in ten major urban areas to explain the
daily, weekly, an.d seasonal concentration variations and to describe the movement
of HAPs from source to receptor. A project is being initiated using predictive
structure activity models to identify and screen those pollutants which, after
being emitted into the atmosphere, .are chemically transformed into hazardous
secondary products.
1983Explanationof Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accomplishments
In fiscal year 1982, the Agency obligated $1,491,700 for this program of which
5291,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $1,200,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Developj Information on'Heal th. Emission Reduction^Technologies, Monitorijng,
andTr.ajisjrcrrX ^nj^ A tfafa "base" wa₯
compiled summarizing 'the current state of "knowledge o?volatile organic confounds
in the ambient air and photolytic decomposition rates were determined for a select-
ed number of HAPs. Research was conducted on some HAPs having long atmospheric
residence times to determine their rates of physical loss from the atmosphere
through dry and wet deposition. Preliminary ambient air characterization studies
were concluded in ten urban areas for a selected number of potentially hazardous
volatile organic compounds as an initial step towards mapping their natural,
spatial, and temporal variabilities. Reaction rate and product formation .studies
were expanded to include additional HAPs in accordance with the needs of OAQPS.
A-31
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AIR
Mobile Sources
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
PROGRAM
.Scientific Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Qua1 i ty Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Mobile Sources TOTAL
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Processes
(DOLLARS
. $24.7
S24.7
$34,3
$.34.3
5704.8
5572.2
SI, 277.0
SI, 602. 8
$3,492.6
$5 :, 095. 4
$791.7
S965.5
51,757.2
S3, 158. 3
$5,030,3
$8,188.5
.5
.7
10.9
10.7
12.5
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983. 1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
S50.2
S25.0
$75.2
$21.0
$21.0
$664,4
51,039.7
$1,704.1
$816. 4
$552.0
$1 , 358. 4
$482 ,5
$825,2
$1,307.8
$2,034,6
$2,441.9
$4,476,5
1.0
7.0
7.7
6.2
$50.2
$25.0
$75,2
$664.4
$1,039.7
$1,704.1
$816.4
$1,552.0
$2 , 368 . 4
$482.6
$1,175.2
$1,657.8
$2,013,6
$3,791,9
$5,805.5
1,0
7,0
6.1
6.2
S51.7
$425.0
$476.7
$545,5
$338.4
$883.9
$565.3
$256.7
$822.0
5496.9
$403.9
$900,8
$1,659.4
$1,424.0
$3 , 083 . 4
1,0
5.3
3.7
6,2
SI. 5
$400. 0
$401 . 5
-$118.9
-$701,3
-$820.2
-$251.1
-$1,295.3
-$1,546.4
$14,3
-$771.3
-$757.0
-$354.2
-$2,367,9
-$2,722.1
-1.7
-2.4
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
35.3
21,9
20.3
16.2
-4.1
A-32
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AIR
Mobile Sources
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quali ty Assurance
HealtH Effects
Environmental Processes
ACTUAL
1982
.{DOLLARS
.5
1.9
14.1
14.3
18.3
BUDGET CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1983 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
1.0 1.0
.1
11.0 11.0
11.4 8.8
12.2 12.2
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE »
1984 VS 1983
1.0
8.0 -3.0
7.4 -1.4
12,2
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
49.1
35.7
33.0
28.6
-4.4
A-33
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
Mobile Sources
Major Outputs/Milestones
Assess the Health Risks and
Exposure to Carbon Monoxide
- Complete CO criteria document
(Scientific Assessment)
- Provide journal article on
validated equations predicting
COHb formation during CO
inhalation at rest and exercise
(Health)
- Provide journal article on pre-
anginal events of left ventri-
cular function in patients with
ischemic heart disease exposed
to CO (Health)
- Development of hybrid personal
exposure monitor combining data
logger and CO sensing cell
(Monitoring)
- Measure personal afr and breath
CO of residents of Washington,
D.C. and Denver (Monitoring)
Assess Health- Risks and Exposure
to Unregulated Mobile Pollutants
- Provide final report on intratra-
cheal cancer studies using diesel
exhaust materials (Health)
- Provide journal article on target
organ metaboli sm/genotoxici ty of
nitro-PAHs found in-diesel
particles (Health)
- Provide journal article on dermal
exposure to diesel extracts
(Health)
- Determination of volatile
organic compounds in gasoline
fueled vehicle emissions
(Env. Processes)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
6/85
6/85
8/82
9/84
6/85
6/85
Estimate
1984
12/86
6/85
6/85
9/84
12/83
10/84
10/84
10/83
12/83
10/84
10/84
10/83
12/83
10/84
10/84
10/83
A-35
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AIR
Mobile Sources
Major 0utput s/Mi 1 e s to ne s
- Determination of pollutant
emission factors for in-use
tractor-trailers, buses, and
heavy duty del ivery trucks
(Env. Processes)
- Evaluation of criteria
pollutant emissions from
vehicles as a function of
temperature {Env, Processes)
- Analyze activity pattern data
base for use in general models
of exposure (Monitoring)
- Complete risk assessment
for diesel particulates
(Scientific Assessment)
Collect and Maintain Data in
Support .Of the Fuel and Fuel
Additives Program
- Provide report to OMSAPC on
the use of tier genetic bio>-
assays in evaluating unreg-
ulated emissions (Health)
- Provide journal article on the
mutagenicity of volatile and
gaseous organic emissions from
mobile sources (Health)
- Provide journal article on new
methods for short-term genotoxic
bioassay of mobile source
.emissions (Health)
- Issue annual fuel usage report
and updated list of fuels and
fuel additives (Monitoring)
Provide .QA Support for Mobile
Sources
- Evaluate accuracy and precision
of CO personal exposure monitors
(Monitoring)
Actual
1982
9/84
Current
Estimate
1983
9/84
9/84
6/84
12/84
Estimate
1984
9/84
9/84
10/83
10/84
12/84
8/83
10/83
10/84
12/84
8/84
10/83
10/84
12/84
8/85
8/83
A-36
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AIR
Mobile Sources
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,083,400 and 16.2 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of S2, 722, 100 and 4.1 permanent workyears from 1983. Includ-
ed "in this total is 11,659,400 for Salaries and Expenses and 51,424,000 for
Research and Development, a decrease of $354,200 and 12,367,900, respectively.
This net decrease occurs primarily in the health effects program element. In
addition, the decrease reflects the transfer of 5480,500 in exploratory research
funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Description
Title II of the Clean A1r Act, as amended in 1977, requires the Agency to
prescribe emission standards for carbon monoxide, (CO) hydrocarbons, and oxides of
nitrogen for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. In order to set justifiable and
cost-effective standards, the Agency requires information on the chemical composi-
tion of fuels, fuel additives, and diesel and gasoline exhausts. Also required
is information on the exposure of drivers, passengers and the population at large
to motor vehicle pollutants, the effects of that exposure, and the risks of sus-
taining continued exposure. The Clean Air Act also requires the Agency to period-
ically reevaluate the adequacy of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for CO based upon the most scientifically credible data available.
Objecti ve 1 . Assess the Heal th Risks and Exposure to Carbon Monoxide to Sup-
port "Review arTd Rev1 sib'n of ^AATys~"and Motor ^Vehicle Eroi ssiont Staridarcfs. Work i n
this objective includes determining population exposure profiles to carbon monoxide
(CO) using personal monitors and developing a data base for evaluating the impact
of CO on cardiovascular performance and neurobehavior in normal and susceptible
humans. The Administrator must evaluate the NAAQS for CO every five years as
provided by Section 109 of the Clean Air Act.
Objective 2. Assess the Heal th Risks and Exposure to Unregulated Mobile
S ource Pollutants. Research "in" this area seeks to determine ^"ptitafioh""exp6vsu're
distribution to pollutants other than CO such as polynuclear aromatic (PNA) orgarncs
and particulates; characterize the gaseous and partlculate emissions from 1n-use
light and heavy duty diesel and gasoline powered vehicles; refine existing air
quality models; and provide short-term testing guidelines to evaluate potential
acute health risks from unregulated emissions. The information from these studies
is needed to assess risk, 1f any, and 1s used by the Office of Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control (QMSAPC) to carry out its mandate to protect public health from
vehicle pollutants and emissions as provided under Section 202(a)(l) and 202(a)(4)
of th* Clean Air Act.
Objective 3^. Collect .and Maintain ___ Data Jn Supjort of the Fuel and Fuel Ad-
"~ Sections \~2li and 3dT(d'r"o?' 'thiFCVean Air act require the Environ*-
men t aT Wot ecETo n Agency (EPA) to provide a data base to determine whether the
use of any motor vehicle fuel or fuel additive poses an unreasonable risk to human
health. ;
Objective 4. Provide Quality Assurance Support for Mobil e Sources Program Re-
qy i rem"e'n"tsT TTSe Office 57 Research' and " Oevel opmen t i s ; requTred to": ensure that
"all measurement data related to mobile source pollutants are reliable and accurate.
A-37
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Prqgram Request
The Agency requests a total of 5476,700 and 1.0 permanent workyear for this
program, of which $51,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $425,000 is for Research
and Development. This reflects an increase of $1,500 and S400.000 respectively,
which will support the development of a revised Carbon Monoxide Criteria Document.
Assess the Health Risks andExposuretoCarbonMonoxideto Support Review and
Reyi si on of NAAQS and 'Motor YehicTe^"Si₯slon Ttamfairds'.The Carbon Monoxide
Criteria Document wi 11 be updated and revised. TfiTs revision and update to the
Carb.on Monoxide Criteria Document is mandated every five years by the Clean Air Act.
Work will begin in 1984 and continue into 1986.
Assess theHealthRisksand Exposureto UnregulatedMobile Pollutants. A
final cardhogen riskassessment on dieselemissions wil 1 be Tssueci utiTizihg the
latest data from the health research program on diesel exhaust.
Collect and Maintain Data in Support of the Fuel and Fuel Additives Program.
Gui.delines for T battery of short-term tests to make evaluations of fuel arid fuel
additives will be proposed.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 575,200 and 1.0 permanent work-
year to this program of which $50,200 is .under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion, and S25,pOO is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Unregulated Mobile Pollutants. The
latest" data developed1by the"TteaTth research" program fn its Oiese! Cdmparative
Potency Program is being used to develop an interim diesel risk assessment.
Collect and Maintain Datain Support ofthe Fueland Fuel Additives. Tier
bioas'say data on fuels "an^Tuel additives developed by the health researclf program
is being reviewed and analyzed with a final report due in 1984.
1983 Explanation jifChanges, from Budget.Estimate
There are no changes from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of S24.700 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Assess theHealth Risks andExposure to ^Unregulated Mobile Pollutant
The initial data developed under theBieseT Comparative 'Potency Program was eviTu-
ated by participants in workshops and meetings. Preliminary estimates of the
carcinogen risk from diesel exhaust were made.
TECHHjCAL_INFORMATIONAND LIAISON .
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 534,300 for this program, all' of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This activity, which
supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Intermedia
program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 1984 Program Request, 1983 Program,
and 1982 Accompli shments narrative sections appear there.
A-38
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MONITOP.IHGSYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of 5882,900 and 5.3 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $545,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $338,400
is for Research and Deve'looment. This reflects decreases of $118,900 and 5701,300
respectively, due to the transfer of funding for exploratory research to the Inter-
media program and a reduced emphasis on measuring population exposure to unregulated
pollutant emissions. Measurements of population exposures will instead focus
largely on carbon monoxide, the mobile source pollutant of priority concern for
exposure analysis.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Carbon Monoxide to Suoport Review and
Revisidri W N^° support the JJAATJ5for
CO, analyses a no* reports based on the human"exposure data bases collected in the
Washington, D.C. and Denver studies will be completed. The existing NAAQS is
designed to assure that 995 of the population has blood levels below 2.5% carbox-
yhemoglobin-, and the data from these urban-scale studies will be evaluated to
assess the proportion of the population below this level for various candidate
NAAQS values. An evaluation will be completed of the validity of existing activity
pattern exposure models for predicting frequency distributions of human CO exposure
profiles in actual urban settings. The methodology for the Denver and Washington,
D.C. field studies will be evaluated for its applicability to other criteria air
pollutants for which NAAQS must be reviewed and revised.
Assess the Health Risks __and Exposure to Unregulated Mobile Pollutants. The
results fromthe field sUnlies will be evaluated for their applicabi 1 ity to unregu-
lated mobile source air pollutants, including organi'cs and respirable particulates.
The activity pattern data base obtained in these two urban-scale studies will be
evaluated for potential use with human activity pattern exposure models that may
be applicable to unregulated emissions from mobile sources.. Testing and evaluation
will be undertaken of personal monitoring techniques for polynuclear aromatic
(PNA) hydrocarbon compounds.
Collect ami _Maintain Oata in Support of the FueJ,_and^Fuel Additive Program.
The regTstration' of fuel's an'cl Fuel aHdlfT'ves pTo"gTalTf7'~as'l~mandate(J ByEongresT,
wil1 be maintained.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for Mobile Source Program Requirements.
The quaTTtyassTTran^e program will support the State i~fT3Local Air Moni tori rig
System (SLAMS). The nationwide audit program will obtain, test, verify, and
distribute carefully specified quality assurance samples. The quality assurance
and standards laboratory will function in assisting State and local agencies in
generating precise and accurate air monitoring data used to judge compliance
with the HAAQS.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,704,100 and 7.0 permanent
workyears for this program, of which 3664,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,039,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks arid ^^Exposure to Carbon Monoid deto Support Review and
Revision '''0?TiAAcj? ajd Ifotoi^TtehTcTe^i/ork i s befng coridueted
on field studies in Denver, Colorado, and Washington, OTC., to develop an accurate
methodology for measuring CO exposure profiles of a representative statistical
sample of the population of an urban area. Field sampling of 1000 persons in.
Washington, D.C. and 500 person days in Denver using the new computerized hybrid
CO personal monitors is being completed during the 1982-1983 winter months in
both cities. Interpretive analyses of the field data are being undertaken to
evaluate the accuracy and representativeness of existing air monitoring networks
in the region.
A-39
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Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to UnregulatedMobile Source Pollutants.
The methodology in the Denver and Washington, D.C.populationexposure studies Is
being evaluated for use with unregulated mobile source pollutants, including or-
ganics and respirable particles. The activity pattern data base obtained in these
two field surveys is being analyzed for use with exposure models.
Collect and Maintain Data in Support of the rue! and Fuel Additive Program.
The registration' of fuels arid ?ueT"addi tives program, as mandated by Congress, i's
being maintained.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for Mobile Sources Program Requirements.
The quality assurance program supports the State and Local Air Monitoring System
(SLAMS). The nationwide audit program obtains, verifies, and distributes carefully
specified quality assurance samples. Quality assurance audits are being conducted
on the CO exposure field .studies in Denver and Washington, D.C.
J983 Explanatjon of Changes from Budget Estimate
There are no changes from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 51,277,000 for this program, of
which S704.800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5572,200 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Carbon Monoxide to Support Review and
Revi si on of NAAQS and Motor Vehicl e Emi ssi on Standards"! Exposure studies of CO
were undertake'n compafTh'gthe level s people come into contact with during their
daily lives with actual readings at fixed air monitoring stations. These studies
indicated that actual human exposures to CO differ from readings at fixed stations,
primarily because people often conduct activities which bring them very close to
the sources of these pollutants.
A report was completed describing CO exposures in selected locations during
the winter months in four cities (Los Angeles, CA; Phoenix, AZ; Denver, CO; and
Stamford, CT.l. A report also was completed on the use of CO personal monitors
to sample commercial settings in several California towns and cities. A prototype
"hybrid" personal exposure monitor was developed that combines a microproce$sor
computer data logger with a CO electrochemical sensing cell in one package.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Unregulated Mobile Source Pollutants.
An evaluation was uodeftakerrto determine if the laboratory measurement technique
used to measure PNA hydrocarbon compounds in the workplace setting could be applied
to ambient conditions. The methodology was found to b.e a more cost-effective,
efficient approach that could be used by commercial laboratories and may have
potential applicability to personal monitoring.
Col 1ect and Maintai n Data in Support of the FueJ and Fuel Addi tivesProgram.
The program to 'register fueTsah4"T'Uei::''Wd'at'i:iWs,'''Ia"sl(ia'ndat₯
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5822,000 and 3.7 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 5565,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $256,700 is for Research
and Development. This reflects a decrease of 5251,100 and SI, 295, 300 respectively,
which result from the completion of studies both on the carcinogenic risk from
diesel emissions and on the toxic effects of fuels and fuel additives, and from a
transfer of exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Carbon Monoxide to Support Review and
Revi sion of 'lAAOS' and Motor VstiicTe''!*-! ssion Standards. The ' health research pro~-
grarn for thi s ' objecti ve nas two goals": CT1 to de ve 1 op and validate techniques to
produce dose-response data on the toxic effects of carbon monoxide; and (2) to
produce dose-response data on the toxic effects of carbon monoxide.
The possibility of toxic effects of exposures to CO concentrations at or near
the ambient standard need to be more definitively determined; therefore, clinical
and animal studies to produce dose-response data on the toxic effects of low-level
exposure to CO will be conducted. Human studies employing both normal volunteers
and those with coronary oxygen insufficiencies will evaluate the cardiac and respi-
ratory effects of CO and mixtures of CO and ozone. Human studies will also assess
the validity of a method to relate ambient CO levels to blood levels, Animal
studies will produce dose-response data on developmental and neurobehavioral
effects of CO exposure. Techniques will also be developed to measure non-invasively
the cardiac effects of CD exposure, and these techniques will improve our ability
to produce dose-response information data in humans. This information will be
used in risk assessments, the results of which will improve the data base upon
which OAQPS can update the CO standard.
1983 Proaram
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of 52,368,400 and 6.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $816,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and SI,552,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation,
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Carbon Monoxide to Support Review and
Revf si on o7 NAAQS 'and' Motor VeHTc'l e Ernl ssion Standard's"? Studies .are being per-
formedto" provide dose-response dafca on cardiac and respiratory effects in humans
and neurobehavioral and developmental effects in animals following exposure to low
levels of CO. In the human studies, both healthy volunteers and patients with
ischemic heart disease are being studied. The data from these studies will contri-
bute to ongoing risk assessments which will refine the data base for updating the
CO standard.
Assess the Mealth Risjcs a.ncI Exposurei to Unregulated Mobile Source Pollutants.
Animal studies are beihg~CMp]eTed"i:b evaluate potential carcinogenicity" of dfesel
emissions. The level of risk is being compared to that from cigarette smoke conden-
sate, coke oven emissions, and other substances known to be carcinogenic. These
studies are being completed in 1983.
Col 1 ect and Maintai.n Data jn Support of the Fuel and Fuel Additives Program.
C u rr ent studies i net ucfe de' vel opmin t and ~~jjrSe"= or b i oa s say tec hm que s to as se s S- the
mutagenicity of fuels, fuel additives, and mobile source emissions. As a result,
reports describing these methods and providing protocols for their use and inter-
pretation are being completed in 1983.
A-41
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +51,000,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+51,000,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Re-
sear-en" and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion
of the Agency. This specific increase supports the Health Effects Institute.
1982 Accompl i shments
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of SS.095,400 for this program, of which
51,602,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 53,492,600 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Carbon Morio.xide to SupportReview and
Revision of MAAQS and Motor Vehicle Eli's si on Standards. Data necessary for improved
estimates of risT"of exposure to carbon monoxide w.ere obtained through controlled
laboratory studies in human volunteers. Cardiopulmonary effects were evaluated in
both normal subjects and those who suffer from coronary artery disease when exposed
to levels of CO. Animal studies were conducted to ascertain the effects of chronic
CO exposure on cardiovascular and central nervous system development in fetuses
and newborn offspring.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure to Unregulated Mobile Pollutants. The
carcinogenic potency of particle bound organics from diesel exhaust was evaluated.
In addition, the in vivo distribution, metabolism and carcinogenic potential of
ni troaromatics has~oeen studied since these agents appear to account for a signifi-
cant portion of the mutagenic activity observed in diesel particle :bound organics.
Collect and Maintain Data in Support of the Fuel and Fuel Additives Program.
The biological activity pf~Tractibnsof "unregulated organic ewTssions (gaseous and
particle bound components) resulting from combustion of a variety of fuels was
evaluated using in vitro bioassays.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $900,800 and 6,2 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 3496,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $403,900 is for Re-
search and Development. This request represents an increase of S14.300 in Salaries
and Expenses and a decrease of 5771,300 in Research and Development. This net
reduction reflects the completion of a portion of the work conducted on diesel
particulates and the transfer of long-term exploratory research resources to the
Intermedia program.
Assess the Health RisksandExposuretoJJnrequlated MobileSource Pollutants.
Research 6n characterizing thef gaseous and parti cu'l ateemissions 'from 'inuse light
and heavy-duty diesel and gasoline powered trucks and buses will be completed.
Research will be conducted to determine the carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles
operating under low ambient temperature conditions in localized areas. Also,
emissions from vehicles operating at low speeds and vehicles equipped with advanced
diesel emissions control devices will be characterized.
The information from these studies will be used to update a comprehensive in-
use emissions inventory data base and to support the Agency's mobile source regula-
tory concern for the implications of in-use motor vehicle emissions on the pre-tnanu-
facturing certification program.
A-42
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T983 Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,657,800 and 6.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of whicn 5482,600 is under the Salaries aad Expenses
appropriation and 51,175,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks andExposuretoUnregulated Mobile Source Pollutants.
Research" c'haVrac""t"e~rT;:es the gaseous '.and particulate emissions from in-use "diesel and
gasoline powered trucks and buses. The volatile organic compound emissions charac-
terization program for aldehydes and hydrocarbon compounds is being completed on
consumer-owned, gasoline powered vehicles. The data represent a realistic basis
for improving the models utilized in determining the effects of mobile source
pollutants. Also, the emissions of vehicles operating under low speed conditions
and those having advanced diesel emissions control devices are being characterized.
19?3 Explanationof Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +3350,000 results from the following action:
-C on g re Sj i on a 1^_Ac t ion. (+3350,000) Congress added +58,526,200 to the Research
and De ve 1 o pmeij t n a ppir dp r i at i o n for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports the development of measurement methods
for unregulated pollutants from gas and diesel engines.
1 9S2 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 51,757,200 for this program, of
which S791,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5965,500 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Assess the Health Risks and Exposure tci Unregulated Mobile Source Pollutants.
Dynamometer experimental' test procedures were deveTbped to enable researchers to
characterize emissions under simulated in-use driving conditions, thus improving
vehicle emissions model data bases. Emissions from gasoline fueled passenger cars
were characterized for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fnclu.ding aldehydes,
using these test procedures. A major study on unregulated pollutants, gas phase
toxins, and catalyst synthesized gases was completed and the information provided
to the program offices for use in determining the need for regulatory action. An
emissions characterization program was initiated to study the gaseous and partic-
ulate emissions from in-use heavy-duty diesel and gasoline powered trucks and
buses.
A-43
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AIR
Gases and Particles
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific
Salaries
Research
Technical
Liaison
Sal aries
Research
Assessment
& Expenses
& Development
TOTAL
Information &
& Expenses
& Development
TOTAL
$468.
$388.
.$857.
$366.
$30.
$397.
6
7
3
1
9
0
$368.
$250.
$618.
$270.
S220.
$490.
3
0
3
3
0
3
$576.0 $536.6 -S39.4
$250.0 $500.0 $250.0
$826.0 $1,036.6 $210.6
Monitoring Systems &
Qua! ity Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3,922.6 $3,354.4 $3,354.4
$4,298.8 $3,015.0 $3,115.0
$8,221.4 $6,369.4 $6,469.4
$4,054.6 $4,993.9 54,993.9
$4,015.3 $2,990.1 $3,240.1
$8,069.9 $7,984..0 $8,234.0
$3,376.9 $22.5
$2,472.7 -S642.3
$5,849.6 -$619.8
$3,734,8 -$1,259.1
$4,159.1 $919.0
$7,893.9 -$340.1
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
i Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Gases and Particles TOTAL $28,067.4 $23,255.,3 $31,907.1 $26,436.4 -$5,470.7
$199.
$530.
$729.
$2,708.
$7,084.
19,792.
$11,719.
$16,348.
2
2
4
3
1
4
4
,0
$2
$5
$7
$11
$11
,560.
,233.
,793.
,547.
,708.
2
1
3
1
2
si,
S3,
55,
$2,
$8,
sii,
$13,
$18,
803
282
085
808
483
291
536
370
.7
,2
.9
.2
.6
.8
.2
9
$1
S2
$2
$6
$9
$11
$14
,473.
$900.
,373.
,509.
,773.
,282.
,631.
,805,
4
3
7
3
3
6
0
4
-$330.3
-$2,381.9
-$2,712.2
-$298.9
-$1,710.3
-$2,009.2
-$1,905,2
-S3.565.5
PERMANENT W.QRKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Qua!ity Assurance
8.,3
5.1
64.9
4.5
_2.7
54.9
8.5
5 4.-9
7,5
54.9
-1.0
A-44
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AIR
Gases and Particles
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 19S3 1984 VS 1983
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
% Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
51.6 54.9 54.9 54.9
3.8 18.7 15.2 -3.5
37.8
171.5
32.5
149.5
3.2.5
169,5
30.5
163.0
-2.0
-6.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information A
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.3
7.5
73.0
56.0
6.0
7.0
4.2
64.1
65.5
11,0
54.1
65.1
30.6
10.0
64.1
65.5
25,3
-1.0
.4
-5.3
46.6 46.3 50.9 40.5 -10.4
201.4 187.1 221.7 205.4 -16.3
A-45
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AIR
Gases and Particles
' Major Outputs/Hilestones
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models.
- Development of an evaluated, docu-
mented, computer code and users
guide for an interim regional
particulate model. (Env. Processes)
Development of new air quality
dispersion parameters for elevated
releases. (Env. Processes)
- Receptor modeling results and data
base for comparison with dispersion
modeling results for Philadelphia.
(Env, Processes)
- Improved urban and mesoscale aerosol
model delivered to UNAMAP. (Env.
Processes)
- Evaluated moderately complex terrain
dispersion model for .stable plume
impaction. (Env. Processes)
Develop Health-and Welfare Effects
Information.
- Publication on the response of an
atmospheric corrosion monitor as a
proxy for damage to materials.
(Env. Processes)
Evaluation report on dispersion
models and air quality data for
assessment of crop yield impacts of
air pollutants. (Env. Processes)
Provide journal articles: physio-
logical, itimunological and bio-
chemical responses of normal sub-
jects exposed to gases and
particles. (Health)
- Provide journal articles: response
of asthmatics to $02 exposure.
(Health)
- Publication of criteria document for
SOX/PM. (Scientific Assessment)
- Publication of criteria document for
lead, (Scientific Assessment)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate Estimate
1983 1934
9/85
8/84
9/84
8/85
9/S5
8/84
9/84
8/85
10/85
9/85
8/34
9/84
8/35
10/85
9/84
4/84
2/84
3/84
9/84
4/84
2/84
3/84
12/84
9/84
4/84
2/84
3/84
6/84
A-46
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AIR
Gases and Particles
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major .Qutputs/M1_lestone_s_ JL9J§£L 1983__ 1984
Develop and Validate GAP Measurement and
Monitoring Methods.
Analyze filters and summarize data
from IP Network. (Monitoring) 6/82 6/83 6/84
- Review and process reference and
equivalent methods applications,
(Monitoring) 9/82 9/83 9/84
- Apply Airborne Lidar to plume participate
transport. (Monitoring) 9/82 5/83 9/84
Provide QA Support for the GAP Program
Requirements,
- Provide QA for IP, SLAMS/MAMS ambient
monitoring networks and for continuous 9/82 9/83 9/84
emission and other source monitors.
(Monitoring)
Research and Assess Emissions Reduction
Technologies..
- Determine inhalable particulate 3/83
emission factors for five major indus-
trial groups and for paved/unpaved
roads and combustion sources. (Env.
Technology)
- Report on prospective costs of integrated 12/83
air pollutants emissions reduction
. options for power utilities. (Env. Technology)
- Issue design report for first generation 12/84 12/84 12/84
two-stage electrostatic precipitators.
(Env. Technology)
- Issue report on field evaluation of first 8/84
generation full-scale utility spray dryer
FGD system. (Env. Technology)
- Complete two-stage ESP field pilot '" 10/83
evaluations with transfer of results
to users for subsequent implementation.
(Env. Technology)
- Issue assessment of fugitive emissions 9/83
particle control methods for Agency
guides to States for PSD/SIP's.
(Env. Technology)
A-47
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AIR
Gases and Particles
Sudget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,436,400 and 153.0 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of 35,470,700 and 6.5 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in
this total is 511,631,000 for Salaries and Expense and 514,905,400 for Research and
Development, with a decrease of $1,905,200 and S3, 565, 500, respectively . This de-
crease occurs primarily in the environmental engineering and technology and envi-
ronmental processes program elements. In addition, the decrease reflects the trans-
fer of 32,656,600 in exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Description
The Gases and Particles (GAP) research .and development program provides regu-
latory decision-makers, the regulated community and enforcement officials in
Regional, State and local offices with the scientifically credible data bases,
methodologies, relationships, models and assessments, and emission reduction tech-
nologies that they require to regulate atmospheric particle matter (PM) and its
major components, lead, and gaseous sulfur dioxide (S0|) under the Clean Air Act
as amended in 1977 (the Act). The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Develop and Val idate Ai' r .tj_,__
ti on , Mai ntenance , ' and Enforcement of tW'Wtt'blhTr^inbTearTrrTJuFlTty"' Stahdara's
TRCTiySj. Research uhder'this'objective' provides the air quality models, emissions"
data , monitoring tools, and technical support needed by States to develop, adoot
and enforce cost-effective- control strategies required by the Act. The results of
this work are disseminated for use in State Implementation Plans (SIPs), Prevention
of Significant Deterioration (PSD) determinations, and for protection from visibil-
ity degradation in Class I pristine areas.
Objective 2. Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review
and Revision of HATSJ5T A criteria document for health and welfare effects provides
'the p r i.ma ry docume n 1 ti o n of scientific data for use in the review of existing
ambient air quality standards. The entire process Of updating a criteria document,
and proposing and finalizing changes to the existing standard, is done at five-year
intervals as specified in Sections 108 and JQ9 of the Act.
Objective 3. Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods in Su£~
port of the (ia"ges~anci ti c₯s aT 'vyoginuW'&'is'''. Fn "order to determine
_
air quality trends,' compliance, and enforcement actions, new and improved air
pollution methodologies and monitoring techniques are being developed and evaluated.
Ambient, source, and exposure measurement methods are needed for criteria pollutants
and important related pollutants. In particular, the anticipated size resolved
participate standard (for particulate matter less then 10 micron, or PM^Q) requires
continued methods development and .evaluation efforts.
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies to Support
Ths .'.effort disseminates to the regulating and
regulated communities" data ...... on the performance, cost and reliability of existing, new
and emerging emissions reduction technologies. This information helps to establish
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and is used for SIPSi PSD determinations,
and for the protection from visibility degradation in Class I pristine a'reas.
Objective 5. Provide Quality Assurance Support for the liases and Particles
(GAP] Program Requ^remejiTsT This i s a Ton g- term, c'bnti nui Kg task fn support oT
TvtTe""4TOT Part 58 , "whi ch spec i f i es mandatory quality assurance for State and local
air monitoring stations.
A-48
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SCIENT IF 1C ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 31,036,600 and 7,5 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $536,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5500,000 is for Research
and Development. This reflects a net increase of 5210,600 to provide additional
contractual support for the intensive final stages of the development of the Lead
Criteria Document.
Devel op Heal th and Wei f .^^.A.ttSSH.^l."^--^- 1- °-n- ^° Support Rev 1 ew and Revision
ofNASOJ. rhe rev'isTori1 W -'thne"'TeaWTr ff erfa ...... llocuaeht will oe~completed on schedufe
during" 1984. This document serves as the scientific data base upon which the
ambient air quality standard rests, and the standard is scheduled for review under
the Clean Air Act's mandatory 5-year review cycle.
1983 ........ Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $826,000 and 3.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $576,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and" $250,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Heal th and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of HAATST. TKe first external review Waft oT the revised criteria document for
1 ead i Vschedul ed for release to the public for comment in March 1983. In addition,
technical support is being provided to assist the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards (OAQPS) in the regulatory proposal development in conjunction with
the final release of a revised S0x/particulate matter Criteria Document.
1933 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5207,700 results from the following action:
-Reprograinmi ngs . (+$207,700) During the development of the operating plan
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reoortable under
the Congressional reprogramming "limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +207,700 to the Salaries and Expenses .appropriation.
1982 Accoraol ishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $857,300 for this program of which
$463,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5388,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support and Review and Revi-
sion of H/.A§5^ Preparation of i Science Advisory Board rs"A§TrevTewe3 final
draft of lie criteria document for SO^ and particulate matter was accomplished.
Technical support was provided to assist OAQPS in the regulatory proposal develop^
ment of the revised SOX and .PM standards. In addition, the. update of the criteria
document for lead was initiated in March 1982.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982 Accomplishments .
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $397,000 for this program, of which
$366,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 530,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This activ-
ity, which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the
Intermedia program in 1983, Thus, the Program Description, 1984 Program Reque st,
1983 Program, and 1982 Accomplishments narrative sections appear there.
A-49
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HON IJORIHG SYSTEMS .AND QUAL ITY ASSURANCE
19.34 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S5, 849, 600 and 5^.9 permanent worky.ear-s for
this program, of which 53,376,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,472,700 is
for Research and Developraent. This reflects an increase of $22,50.0 and a decrease
of 3642,300 respectively. The net decrease of 5619,800 results from the planned
transfer of operational responsibilities for the Inhalable Particle (IP) network
to the States and the transfer of long-term exploratory research resources
to the Intermedia program.
Develop and Val idate Measurement and Monitoring Methods In Support of the GAP
Program RequireiTients. Althougn we are transferring' operational responsibilities to
"the' "State's i n~ 1983 , the Agency will perform the analysis of mass and chemical
composition from 7000 filters collected annually by the IP Network. Study of the
operating characteristics of the new 10-micron samplers will be completed. Glass-
fiber filters from the National, State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS/
MftMS) will be analyzed for mass and trace metals. Reference and equivalent methods
for GAP pollutants will be evaluated. Continuous emission monitoring methods for
stationary sources will be evaluated. Data support will be provided for inter-
national monitoring programs. Regional plume transport will be studied using
airborne lidar.
Provide Quality Assurance Suppgrt for the GAP pji^teq^JIrej^ents. Qua! i ty
'"'""""
assurance (QA) support wi I i oe
Network, and other air monitoring efforts. A standards laboratory and a repository
of QA naterials will be maintained for use on request by universities, companies,
agencies, and all other organizations making air measurements. Routine and special
audits will be conducted on laboratories making ambient and source measurements and
on compressed gas vendors. The QA Guidelines, Handbook, Data Handling System, and
Precision and Accuracy Reporting System will be maintained and updated. An audit
program for continuous emission monitors for stationary sources will be carried out.
Statistical techniques for investigating spatial and temporal distributions of
pollutants and corresponding human exposures will be investigated.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,469,400 and 54.9 permanent
workyears for this program, of which 33,354,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and
53,115,000 is for extramural research under the Research and Development appropria-
tion. The primary focus is the IP network which supports the review and possible
revision of the existing particulate matter standard. Additionally, the need for
improved monitoring accuracy is being emphasized through the quality assurance and
systems development work.
Develop and_ v^ljjjate Measurement and Monitoring Methods In Support of the GAP
P r-og ram Requ iTelnen't's . The" "ISO-station IP Network is being operated and 37 stations
upgraded with the new 10-micron samplers. This IP Network will be transferred to
the States by the end of 1983. Mass and chemical composition is being determined
for samples collected periodically from 130 sites; over 7,000 filters per year.
Monitoring systems for pollutants in ambient air and in source emissions are
being developed and improved. Selected systems are subjected to single and multi-
laboratory evaluation to identify and correct sources of errors.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for the GAP program Requirements. Quality
controTsamples are obtained and used in audits. The system~for receiving , analyz*
ing and reporting precision and accuracy is being developed. Technical support
is being provided to State and local agencies required to implement the quality
assurance requirements for air monitoring contained in 40 CFR 58. Workshops, train-
ing programs, and performance audits are provided.
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1983 Explanation of Changes
The net increase of -r$VQQ,OOQ results from the following action:
-Cpngre;SsiOR.aJ Actijpn . (+5100,000) Congress added +58,526,200 to the Research
and Oeve't o'pWerTt^ a'ppr 'bprili ''t i on for priority activities at the discretion .of the
Agency,, This specific increase supports the Agency's quality assurance initiative
in relation to the data audit system.
1982 Accompl ishraents
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 58,221,400 for this program, of which
33,922,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and 34,298,300 was for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Val idate Measurement and Monitoring Methods in Support of the GAP
Program ^Requi'rements . "fen stations in the IP Network were fitted i ~wTth the hew in-
mi cron samplers 'at the request of the Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS). Methods for continuously monitoring selected emissions sources
were evaluated in response to the requests of enforcement officials for testing
compliance with standards. Chemical analyses of trace metals and statistical
analyses of trends were performed as a means of determining the effect of Agency
actions on national air quality. A system for receiving, analyzing, and reporting
the precision and accuracy of all air monitoring data was developed.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for the GAP Program Requirements. Quality
Assurance (QA) procedures, including performance audits 51 SLAMS/NAMb' stations,
maintenance of a repository of reference samples and standards, publication of new
and revised .QA guidelines, and the Agency Mandatory QA Program, continued in response
to Regional, State, and local needs.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 57, 893, 900 and 54.9 permanent workye-ars for
this program, of which S3, 734, 800 is for Salaries and Expenses and 54,159,100 is
for extramural Research and Development activities. This reflects a decrease of
SI, 259, 100 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase of 5919,000 in Research and
Development which is primarily due to an accounting change. Formerly, many of the
on-site research support contracts were funded out of the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This transfer will allow the Agency to fund the contracts from a
more appropriate source, the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of HAAQS^. TKe research progranr~nas three ma"jor 'goals: 1) to ""provide data on a
fill 1 range of health effects of exposure to gases, SOj, particles, and lead from
human .and animal studies, £) to provide better models to extrapolate animal data
to humans, and 3) to develop improved test methods for uss by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and .others to conduct improved research into the physiologic
response of humans to gaseous air pollutants and pirticles":
Because of the evidence regarding the potential for health damage from parti-
cles, the Agency is considering a size-resolved particle standard in lieu of the
current one for Total Suspended Particulars (TSP). Much of the health effects
work in 1984 is designed to refine and improve the data which supports a size-
resolved particle standard. Fine-mode particles, mostly in the 1-2 urn range, will
be studied in normal and susceptible human and. animal populations. In response to
program office priorities, additional clinical studies of normal and susceptible
populations will be conducted; the effects of, acute and chronic exposure to large
inhalable particles (.10-15 urn) will be more closely examined and both human and
animal dose-response studies will devote special attention to determining the
deposition, clearance, and pulmonary effects of particles, alone and in combination
with ozone, H02, and SOg-
A-51
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The neurological consequences of high lead body burdens are well known.
Epideraiological evidence links severe developmental disorders, such as mental
retardation, speech and language difficulties, and cognitive and perceptual learn-
ing disabilities, with lead body burdens previously considered to be low to moder»-
ate. Since the developing nervous system is known to be :nore vulnerable to lead
toxicity than the mature system, it is necessary to obtain quantitative data on the
neurological effects of lead at lower levels, especially at levels previously
considered to be safe in children. Volunteers from age six to adult with lead body'
burdens considered to be low to moderate will be studied using electroohysiological
assessments to several behavioral and central nervous system responses. The
significance of the effects noted will then be evaluated for use in assessing health
risks from lead at these levels.
Animal test data is critical in setting and revising standards to protect
human health under the Clean Air Act. Present bioassay and extrapolation techniques
are expensive and time-consuming and do not always provide reliable, quantitative
correlation between animal and predictive human effects, or accurate extrapolation
from high to low dose. In 1984, work will provide faster, more reliable models to
predict human pulmonary and morphological responses to gas and particle exposure
based on data gathered in animal experiments. Research will also provide data on
biochemical, pulmonary, and cardiovascular disease and impairment in susceptible
populations following SOg exposure.
1983 Program
In 1933, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,234,000 and 54.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 34,993,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 33,240,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of MAAQS.AniiiiaTtoxicology studTeswiTlSesc'rTlse effects of chnJnTcexpos"ure""to'
coarse and fine-mode particles on lung structure and function and host defense
mechanisms in rodents. The major accomplishment expected from human dose response
studies in 1983 will be a report on acute physiological responses on normal people
in inhalation of gases, particles, and mixtures of both. A workshop will be held
in 1983 to develop a long term research strategy for extrapolation modeling. New
software is being prepared and installed in the physiological data acquisition
system computer which will enable scientists to collect more data, display different
systems, and collect and analyze data simultaneously.
19831 Explanation of^Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$250,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+3250,000) Congress added +38,526,200 to the Research
and Oev'eTbpie'rvE appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports epidemiology studies conducted by other
agencies.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $8,069,900 for this program, of which
$4,054,600 was for Salaries and Expenses and 34,015,300 was for extramural purposes
under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Support Review and Revision
of NAlQSTMajor accomplishments" included tiie dfscbvery tfiat puTSonafy""Tn'ficffotiT
caused or exacerbated by particle inhalation, may result in lung fibrosis and the
development of an extrapolation model using lung branchings to determine particle
deposition in the lungs of different animal species and humans.
A-52
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EHV I RONHENTAL EHG I MEER I KG AND TECHNOLOGY
19S4 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 32,373,700 and 15.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 51,473,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5900,300 is for
Research and Development, with a decrease of 5330,300 and 52,381,9.00, respectively.
This decrease results from completion of technology development tests on two-stage
electrostatic precipitators (ESP's), reductions in fundamental /appl ied research
on two-stage ESP's and electrostatically enhanced fabric' filters (ESFF), and
decreased need for wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) research .due to the con-
mercial status of the technology. These reductions reflect EPA's reduced involve-
ment in the development of control technologies, a function "lore appropriately
handled by the private sector, and a desire to focus on assessing those technologies
needed to support the regulatory mandates. Also, resources for long-term explora-
tory research are transferred to the Intermedia program,
Research and AsseJg...§SlsslMs Reduction Technologies to Support P'ermitting and
C ornp 1 Ta n c e ! Ac "t'i "v"i ti e s . Tn order For the Agency and the regulated community to
fully implement the regulatory agenda for gases and particles, low cost, highly
reliable emission reduction technology design and performance criteria need to be
disseminated to the user and permitting communities. These needs will be addressed
by the following research activities,
Fundamentals of combined SOX and particle emissions capture by new (two-staq.e
ESP's, spray dryers, and E.SFF baghouses) and conventional technology will b.e
evaluated. Emphasis will be on assessing the potential for dry sorbents as means
to capture SOX.
The potential for optimizing the combination of air pollution reduction
technologies for coal-fired power plants will be assessed and will include the bene-
ficial role of coal cleaning to increase plant reliability as well as*a supple-
mental method to other technologies for complying with SOX emission regulations.
An effort to assess -the impacts resulting from different compositions of coal
on power plant operation and emission reduction potential will be initiated.
The ninth FGD Symposium and Fifth Particle Collection .Symposia will be held
jointly with appropriate institutions as a primary vehicle to transfer the latest
technology in these areas. Workshops in SOX and particle emissions reduction techr
nology will be held periodically to assist the Regions, local and State personnel
in their permitting determinations. An effort to assist Regions and States on the
selection of mean.s of reducing fugitive emissions will begin, and operation and
maintenance guides for fabric filter baghouses issued.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 55,085,900 and 18.7 permanent work-
years to this program, of which 51,803,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,282,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research .and Develop-
ment appropriation. This work was formerly contained in the GAP-Energy program,
Research and Assess Emissions R^ Support Pemittinq aad
C ompn ance Actl Wife's". ~ Researcif ''arT'lSi furtdamerfEal mecHanvsms ....... appl i cable to ..... two-
"stage ESP's and enhanced fabric filters (ESFF) is conducted as a means to provide
the scientific/ engineering underpinnings of these new particle collection technol-
ogies and ease their transition and acceptance by the regulating and regulated
communities. The engineering pilot testing of the two-stage ESP system will con-
clude as will pilot tests of full sized bags using the ESFF principle in a reverse
air mode (the mode used by electric utilities).
Fabric filter baghouses are being accepted as an option for utility and
certain industrial particle emissions reduction applications and are known to have
potential for SOX reductions. Therefore, our evaluations of conventional baghouses
for particle control will be completed and data made available to support the 1985
.A-53
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flSPS review for utility boilers, .along with field assessments of the performance
of baghouses in conjunction with spray dryers for combined S0x-Qsrticle capture
;o ascertain reliability anci tinie in compliance of this technology.
A state-of-the-art FGD technology assessment for fossil fuel fired boilers
will be completed for the 1985 NSPS review and for regional and enforcement aermit-
ting purposes. Evaluations of two methods for fugitive particles emissions reduc-
tion will be completed and a technology assessment made. . Operation and maintenance
guides for electrostatic precipi tators will be completed and will include flue gas
conditioning methods as stop-gap techniques to improve existing ESP performance in
low sulfur coal applications.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +£5,085,900 results from the following action:
-Restructuring. [ +$5,085,900-) The Congressional ly approved restructuring
el -1 mi n a ted tRe Gases and' Particles, and Oxidants - Energy program elements and
moved them into Air program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
program effort and the end products are air regulations. The change to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation was +S1,803.,700 and the change to the Research and
Development appropriation was +$3,282,200.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5729,400 for this program of which
5199,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5530,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Research and Assess Emissions Reduction Technologies to .Support Pernrittinq
and Compliance Activities, in 1932 t'rjis program operated in concert with ETie"
Oxitiants and Hazardous Air Pollutant industrial emissions control and characteriza-
tion programs and thereafter was consolidated into the Oxidants program in 1983,
During the year determinations of inhalable particle emissions factors were made
for iron and steel, cement and lime, non-ferrous metals, pulp and paper, ferro-
alloys, paved and unpaved roads, and.combustion sources to provide the Agency a
base to formulate guidelines to States in developing their SIPs.
EHVIRQKMENTAl PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $9,282,600 and 30.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 52,509,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $6,773,300 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $298,900 and 51,710,300,
respectively.. This is a result of the transfer of long-term exploratory re-
search resources to the Intermedia program; a reduced level of effort associated
with the development of a regional scale participate matter air quality model
(resulting in no delay in regulatory applications); and the completion of field
research on the effects of gases and particles on crop loss in the National Crop
Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) and the transfer of most of the remaining re-
sources associated with the .MCLAM effort to the Oxidants research program. A pro-
ject will be initiated to determine the sources that contribute to visibility
degradation in the Great Smokies, the largest pristine area in the East.
Develop Air Qua!ity Models to Support Implementation, Maintenance, and En-
forcementof NAAQinRe sea r c n wiTl focus on the developmentand"validation of
improved atmospheric dispersion parameters in air quality models, the development
and validation of S02 air quality dispersion models for use in complex terrain,
and the development and validation of particulate air quality dispersion models
for use on urban, meso-, and regional scales. Source apportionment methods (SAM)
A-54
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will be developed and used in combination with air quality disoersion models in
order to provide the best possible information to Regional, State, and local
officials and industry for use in developing the irsost cost affective control
strategies needed for the assessment of new sources, revision of SIPs, protection
of visibility in Class I areas, and prevention of significant deterioration.
The ability of current air quality models tc predict dispersion fror: el.-evstM
releases has been criticized because of a failure to account for changes in the
dispersion properties of the atmosphere with height. Therefore, in 1984, proce-
dures for computing dispersion from evaluated sources will t>e imoroved. A project
report will be published recommending procedures for extrapolating turbulence
properties with height.
Present air quality dispersion models for sources in complex terrain are
inadequate to meet the needs of Regions, States, local governments and industry
in the developing energy industries in the mountainous West. Conclusions frori
small ridge and Fluid Modeling Facility dispersion studies will be incorporated
into improved near-source dispersion models for use in complex terrain. A fullf
scale plume study will take place in less idealized terrain than the previous
studies; thus, it should prove to be a good test for any complex terrain model
that would evolve from the hill and ridge experiments. A project report on interim
conclusions from the full scale plume study will be produced in late 1984. Analysis
of the study will be completed in the following year with a user's guide available
by 1988.
Improved urban and regional scale particulate models are needed to support
anticipated revisions of SIPs for particulate matter. The newly proposed standard
will discriminate between fine (<2.S urn) and inhalable (<10 urn) particles, future
particulate natter standard revisions may distinguish between various chanical
classifications (e.g., sulfates, nitrates, and organic/carbonaceous particles).
Current air quality models were developed for total suspended particles (TSP) and
are incapable of dealing with chemical transformation and particle deposition..
1985 will see publication and evaluation of sulfate and nitrate production modules,
and the transfer to the Us.er's Network for Applied (Modeling of Air Pollution
(UNAMAP) of improved urban and mesoscale aerosol models.
Full-scale efforts to develop a regional scale particulate matter air quality
model will begin in JJ384. The objective is to develop models that can be used by
EPA in policy-type studies to demonstrate the occurrence of long-range transport
of particles and to demonstrate the effectiveness of alternative control strategies
for meeting acceptable ambient levels. Completion of these models is expected by
the end of 1986. Tracer experiments in conjunction with the National Qceanqgraohic
and Atmospheric Administration and the Department of Energy will be conducted to
provide atmospheric dispersion data for verification of regional scale model
estimates.
The air quality and visibility in the Great Smokey Mountains region will
be documented and the sources influencing the air quality will be determined.
Periodic pro.gress reports will be produced on the results of the air quality moni-
toring and the analysis of the montoring data. Mass trajectory computations
will be compared with the results of receptor modeling applied to the chemical
analyses of particulate samples in order to perform source apportionment. A
project report will be prepared by mid-1985.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information to Suoport Review and Revision
of UAHJS7 TFie National Crop QTSSAssessment -Network TflCtMl wTTI utilize ""data
obtained in field studies for integration of dose-response functions involving
pollutant mixtures and evaluate gaseous pollutant dispersion models and rural air
quality data for assessing the impacts of SOg, 03, and MOg mixtures on the growth
and yield of agronomic crops. This will allow for an economic assessment of crop
impact to be accomplished in the future.
A-55
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Studies .on materials damage will continue which are needed to niake reliable,
defensible estimates of the cost of air pollution in terms of dollars spent to
replace damaged materials or goods or to .accelerate naintenance schedules for
exposed materials. Field studies to determine the corrosion rates of common exterior
materials as a function of air pollution levels will be implemented. These studies
will employ the atmospheric corrosion monitor currently under development, and the
aata base ~.ney generate will refine estimates of the materials daraage causes nation-
wide by air pollution and the cost associated with this damage.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 311,291,800 and 32,5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 52,308.200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 38,483,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop 3n.d Val ^da^ Ai'r Qual Ity _Mode1 s to .Support IniDlementation, Mainte-
nance , and £nTy cement '"oT'Ti/fttjS^ rnTnTTgnrHowTe^g^or^Ke'''?^^'^^ ..... oT'turbUl eric'e
vs. height is being examined , and improved procedures for treating dispersion
parameters front elevated sources are being developed. These procedures will be
introduced into new or existing air quality models and the revised models, with
appropriate users' guides, will be introduced into UHAHAP. An updated version of
UNAMAP (version 5) will be available late in 1983.
work in the complex terrain modeling area, formerly funded in the Energy
program, emphasizes development of improved dispersion models on three scales:
local (0-50 km), mesoscale (up to 300 km), and regional. The Green River Ambient
Model Assessment study attempts to develop an air quality model for use in
analyzing the environmental impacts of energy development in a mesoscale region
of highly complex terrain. This modeling effort focuses on the completion, by
April 1983, of a site-specific mespscale Lagrangian air quality model for use in
evaluating PSD permit applications in western Colorado and eastern Utah.
Current efforts in urban parti cul ate modeling concentrate on the development
and evaluation of transport, .dispersion, chemical transformation, aerosol dynamics,
optical effects, and removal modules for use in a comprehensive urban parti cul ate
rap del . Current research in regional particulate model development continues to
improve understanding of the meteorological conditions that lead to prolonged,
elevated pollutant episodes.
DeveJ op Heal th and Mel fare Effects , Infprnrati'on to ' Supip^prt Review_ and Revision
of liASDin The I983~Crop Loss ATsessment )JetworTTTb^us?r^n"th₯~Tnipac"ts" of pol UTtant
mixtures (SOj and S02/ozone, S02/N02 combinations) on the yield of major agronomic
crops. The current program completes field research initiated in prior years
which shows pollutant mixtures to affect crop response differently from single
pol lutants.
Research on materials damage is concentrating on the development of an
atmospheric corrosion monitor. This monitor will be used in future field studies
to determine the increment in corrosion rate of common exterior metals resulting
from exposures to sulfur dioxide and particles. An integrated damage model is
being exercised with regional air pollution data a.nd improved damage functions for
a variety of exposed materials to produce a refined national assessment of materials
damage and associated costs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budaet Estimate
------- : ----- ------------ ' ------------------------------ I' - ~ ------------- "."." ------- ~ ---- ------------------ -------- ' -------- ~-T - ' : --------- a -T --------------- :u.i-
The net increase of +53,498,500 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+$3,483,500) The Congressional 1y approved restructuring
el iminated tfie Eases and Particles, and Oxidants - Energy program elements and
moved them into the Air program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
A-56
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program effort and the end products are air regulations. The change to the Salar-
ies and Expenses appropriation was +3233,000 and the change to the Research and
Development appropriation was +33,250,500.
-Reprogrammings. (+515,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramimngs were made to this activity which are not reoortable uncle*"
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Sudget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paoe
ABATEMENT ,5 CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards ............ A- 5.9
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment .............. , ....... A-62
Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development. ............. ..... A-63
State Program Guidelines & Regulations Development .............. A-64
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy. ...... ..... ..... A-66
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment X Characterization..,.. A-68
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support ..................... A-7Q
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance. ...'.. ............ ............ A-71
Mobile .Source Standards & Guidelines ....... . ............. , ....... A-72
State Programs Resource Assistance .............. ........... ........ A-73
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (105 Grants) ---- » ....... A-74
Training. .... .......................................... « ..... ... A-76
Air Quality Management Implementation ...... ........................ A-78
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment., ..................... ..... A-82
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .......... ......... , ...... , ....... A-83
Air Quality & Emissions Data Analysis S Progress Assessment ..... A-84
A-58
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AIR
Air Quality 3 Stationary Source Planning & Standards
PROGRAM
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl i ance
TOTAL
Pollutant Strategies S
Air Standards
Development
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
TOTAL
State Program
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
$4,183.5
$10,320.4
$14,503.9
$2,080.0
$1,134,9
$3,214.9
$3,739.2
$1,367.7
$S,106.;9
$10,002.7
$12,823,0
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
53,550.4
$9,693,2
$13,243.6
$1,991.6
$1,128.4
53,120.0
$2,465,8
$960. 0
$3,425,3
$8,007.8
$11,781.6
$3,550.4
$9,693.2
$13,243.6
$2,274.6
$1,128.4
$3,403.0
$2,465.8
$960.0
$3,425.8
$8,290.8
$11,781,6
$3,848,2
$8,793.2
$12,641.4
$2,316.7
$1,593.0
$3,909.7
$2,626.2
$1,235.0
$3,861.2
$8,791.1
$11,621.2
$297.8
-5900.0
-S602.2
$42.1
$464.6
$506.7
S160.4
$275.0
$435.4
$500.3
-$160.4
Compliance
Air Quality & TOTAL 522,825.7 519,789.4 $20,072.4 $20,412.3 $339.9
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Emission Standards S 94.5 87.8 87.3 84.8 -2.5
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies & 44.4 39.8 47,8 47,8
Air Standards
Development
State Program 88.0 64.3 63.9 60.3 -3.6
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 226.9 191,9 199.0 192.9 -6.1
A-59
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AIR
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies A
Air Standards
Development
State Program
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
TOTAL WORKYEARS
100.2 93.6 93..1 90,6 -2.5
51..6 44,4 52.4 54.4
2.0
95.5 68.3 67.9 63.9 -4.0
247.3 206.3 213.4 208,9 -4.5
A-60
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AIR
A1r Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,412,300 and 192.9 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of 5339,900 and a decrease of 6.1 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total is $8,791,100 for Salaries and Expenses and $11,621,200 for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance, which represents an increase of 5500,300 and a
decrease of 5160,400, respectively. The intramural increase reflects increased
payroll and operating costs primarily associated with the transfer of Public Health
Service employee costs to EPA in 1984. The decrease primarily reflects a fewer
number of NSPS in resource intensive development phases in Emissions Standards and
Technology Assessment program,
Program. Description
The activities under this program are: establishment of emission standards
for stationary sources; review and revision of ambient air quality standards;
pollutant assessments; development of pollutant control analytical tools and guide-
lines; translation of control strategies into regulatory actions; and assessment
of the energy Implications of regulatory actions.
Emiss1o n S tandards and Techno1 ogy Assessmenit National emission standards
for stationary sources are 'Tet uhde"r section TT1 and 112 of the Clean Air Act.
Section 111 mandates the Environmental Protection Agency to establish New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS). Section 112 authorizes National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP).
New Source Performance Standards reflect the performance of the best control
systems for reducing emissions, considering cost and energy impact for specific
processes or facilities. The analysis supporting the NSPS considers technical
feasibility, cost, and economic, energy and environmental Impacts. The background
Information published as part of the NSPS setting process provides useful data to
State agencies in defining best available control technology, lowest achievable
emission rates, and reasonably available control technology, when such determina-
tions must be made under other sections of the Clean Air Act.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants regulations develop-
ment provides comprehensive national surveys of well controlled sources, evaluation
and verification of test methods and identification of design and operation factors
which affect the release of air pollutants. It also provides indepth technical
analysis to support decisions which limit the release of hazardous pollutants 1n
the air.
Pol 1 utant Strategies and Atr Standards Development The major activities of
this programelement are:(l) review and revision, as appropriate, of all existing
National Ambient Air Quality Standards as mandated by the Clean Air Act; (2) Iden-
tification and assessment of potential hazardous air pollutants, including the
determination as to the appropriateness of their listing under Section 112 of
the Clean Air Act; and, (3) analytic support to Agency regulatory efforts to. set
emission standards for pollutants regulated under Sections lll(d) and 112.
State Program Guidelines and Regulations Development -- The objectives of this
program element are the development of guidelines and regulations that set forth
requirements for air pollution control programs implemented by the States under
the Clean Air Act (principally State Implementation Plans (SIPs)); development
of technical guidance for modeling; emission inventory development and air quality
standard attainment demonstrations; and maintaining an overview of the development
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and implementation of air pollution control programs to assure national consistency
at the regional, State, and local levels. The State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
provide for the attainment and maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality Stan-
dards, and establishment of programs for the prevention of significant deteriora-
tion (PSD) of air quality in clean areas, and for the protection of visibility in
national parks and wilderness areas,
EMISSIONSTANDARDSAND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,641,400 and 84.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,848,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $8,793,200 is
for Abatement, Control, and Compliance, This is an increase of $297,800 and
a decrease of $900,000, respectively. Although there is a decrease of 2.5 per-
manent workyears, the increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects higher personnel
costs. The reduction in contract expenditures reflects a transfer of support to
other program areas to strengthen regulatory Impact and data analysis required in
NSPS and NESHAP promulgation. Efforts will continue on NSPS projects as mandated
by the Clean Air Act. Twelve proposals (include three proposals as a result of
litigations and reviews of standards completed in 1982 and 1983) and 18 promulga-
tions covering 15 additional source categories are planned. Reviews will be com-
pleted for six existing NSPS. In addition, six NESHAP proposals and three pro-
mulgations are also scheduled for 1984.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,243,600 and 87.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,550,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$9,693,200 is for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. Efforts are continuing to
complete the Clean Air Act mandated NSPS. Twenty-six NSPS proposals (21 new
standards; 5 revisions) and 19 promulgations (12 new standards; 7 revisions) cover-
ing 12 new source categories are scheduled for 1983. In addition, nine reviews of
existing standards are to be completed and Control Technique Guidelines (CTGs) for
six sources of volatile organic compounds and one for the sources for nitrogen
dioxide will be published. Four NESHAP covering benzene sources are scheduled for
promulgation and two proposals are anticipated (coke oven by products-benzene and
coke ovens-charging and topside leaks). In addition, the asbestos revision is to
be proposed and reviews for beryllium and mercury are to be completed.
1983 Explanation of Changes from_ Budget Estimate
There is no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $14,503,900 for this program, of which $4,183,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and $10,320,400 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The contract resources were used to continue work related to setting NSPS and
NESHAP. Work continued on setting performance standards for all listed source
categories. Twelve source categories, however, were deleted from the list because
their growth was projected to be insignificant.
NSPS activity included: proposal of one new standard and six revisions; pro-
mulgation of three new standards and one revision; and completion of three reviews
of existing standards. Three control technique guidelines (nonmetallic minerals,
plywood manufacturing, and stationary sources of particulate matter) were prepared
and CTGs for four volatile organic compounds sources were drafted and published
for public comment. Work continued toward promulgation of four NESHAP benzene
standards, proposal of a fifth benzene NESHAP,' and proposal, of NESHAP for coke
ovens - charging and topside leaks.
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POLLUTANT STRATEGIES AMD AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,909,700 and 47.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,316,700 is for Salaries and Expenses, and $1,593,000
is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This is an increase of 542,100 and
$464,600, respectively, and reflects increased payroll costs and increased ex-
tramural support for additional regulatory impact analysis. Revisions to particu-
late matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (N02), and sulfur dioxide (S02) standards will
be promulgated. For the upcoming ozone (03) revision, risk assessment will be
applied and regulatory impact analysis will be developed. Hazardous pollutants
regulatory decisions will be made for nine compounds evaluated in 1983. Also, in
1984, the Science Advisory Board will complete review of six additional potential
air toxic pollutants.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,403,000 and 47.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,274,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,128,400 is for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. Reviews of the hydrocarbon
standard and the carbon monoxide (CO) standard have been completed and changes will
be promulgated in 1983. Revisions to the particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide,
and sulfur dioxide standards are being proposed, and staff work on the lead
and ozone NAAQS is in process. Application of a risk assessment methodology on
standards is planned in 1983. Pollutant assessment activities are to result in
the development of regulatory strategy for 12 pollutants: coke oven emissions;
acrylonitrile; perchloroethylene; .trichloroethylene; methyl chloroform; methylene
chloride; Freon 113; carbon tetrachloride; toluene; nickel; vinylldene chloride;
and manganese. Work will continue on six other pollutants. In addition, a final
determination will be made concerning the regulation of cadmium.
s
1983 Explanation of^Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$283,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$283.000) This increase includes +$283,000 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accomplisnments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $3,214,900 for this program of which $2,080,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1*134,900 was for Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance. Contract funds provided support for evaluation of NAAQS, analysis of
the environmental, economic, and regulatory impacts of the possible standards
revision, and development of an Improved risk assessment methodology.
Work was underway to analyze comments and to promulgate a decision concerning
the hydrocarbon standard 1n early 1983. In addition, work was also underway to
promulgate revisions to the carbon monoxide standards and to propose appropriate
changes to the nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter standards.
In the pollutant assessment area, detailed health and source assessments were
underway for 12 pollutants. Other activities included work on a preliminary deter-
mination for the listing decision of cadmium, with a final decision to be published
in 1983; the completion of population exposure estimates for 43 chemicals; and the
completion of a source study on arsenic.
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STATE PROGRAM JUJDEUNES. AND REGULATjQMS JEVEL.QPMENT
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,861,200 and 60.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,626,200 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $1,235,000 is
for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This is an increase of $166,400 and
$275,000, respectively. Although there is a decrease of 3.6 permanent workyears,
the increase In Salaries and Expenses reflects higher personnel costs. The In-
crease of $275,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance is necessary to fund
development of technical information on toxic pollutants that will be required by
the State and local government control programs. The Agency will maintain its
management and overview of the' SIP process. Assistance will be provided to States
in New Source Review (NSR) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) pro-
grams development. Program guidance and policy papers will be provided for these
and other standards implementation. Procedures will be implemented for oversight
of State programs. Emission factors and related information on toxic chemicals
will be developed and Issued. Technical assistance and guidance on data bases and
modeling techniques for cities not attaining 1n 1982 will be provided, and a revised
version of EPA's Air Quality Modeling Guideline will be Issued. If the operating
permit program is proposed in 1983, it will result in promulgation in 1984. Also,
guidance will be provided to Regional offices and the modeling clearinghouse will
continue to promote and ensure Regional consistency.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,425,800 and 63.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,465,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$960,000 is for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. Contract funds are being used
to support continuation of the Best Available Control Technology and Lowest Achiev-
able Emission Rate (BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse, development of emission factors
modeling evaluations, and to refine guidance for revised partlculate matter and
$02 standards* National management and oversight of major SIP programs is con-
tinuing to ensure that backlogs do not reoccur. Emphasis 1s being placed on pro-
gram guidance for SIP revisions for implementing revised ambient standards, in-
cluding technical guidance for revision of Partlculate Plans and preparation of
guidance for revision of M02, S02, and lead SIPs. Guidance is also being provided
for areas with a December 1982 attainment deadline (for existing ambient standards),
as well as guidance for areas with deficient 1979 SIPs. Policy clarification and
guidance is being provided on 03 control strategies, and the BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
is being maintained. Regulations for PM and SOg are being proposed and inventory
guidance issued. Efforts to develop alternative approaches to regulations are
continuing and the operating permit program will be proposed 1f current investi-
gative efforts prove the program to be beneficial. The multi-year program for
evaluation and validation of air quality models and development of emission factors
for SIP revisions is being continued,
1983 Explanatlon of Changes from Budget Estimate
There 1s no change to this program.
1982 Accompl1shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $5,106,900 for this program, of which 53,739,200
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,367,700 was for Abatement, Control, and CortpH-
ance. Contract efforts supported SIP development and modeling. The emphasis 1n
1982 continued to be national management and evaluation of all major SIP programs
which were initiated in previous years. Policy guidance and technical assistance
were continued for the 00/03 areas that had been granted attainment date extensions
to 1987.
A-64
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Policy and guidance to expedite SIP processing was developed and published as
Agency policy. As a result of the improved processing techniques, the Agency
achieved substantial success in eliminating the SIP backlog in 1982. Management
of the NSR and PSD programs continued with major efforts to encourage additional
States to take over the permitting program and to audit State implementation. The
Best Available Control Technology and Lowest Achievable Emission Rate Clearing-
house was expanded and updated. Technical assistance was furnished to States and
Regional offices in the development and adoption of emission regulations for the
control of VOC. Stack height regulations were proposed and promulgated. Addi-
tional modeling guidance was disseminated and emission factors updated for criteria
pollutants. The multi-year program to evaluate dispersion model performance was
continued with substantial progress completed for the initial two model categories
(urban and rural) of seven to be evaluated.
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compli ance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Emissions 4 Fuel
Economy Compl iance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
C ompl i ance
Mobile Source
Standards & Guidelines
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
$4,099.0 S3,348.6 $3,404.6 $3,188.3 -5216.3
$1,402.3 $2,080.0 $2,080.0 $2,563.3 $483.3
TOTAL $5,501.3 $5,428.6 $5,484.6 $5,751.6 $267.0
$3,926.3 $4,201.9 $4,113.4 $4,262.1 $148.7
$245.0 S958.3 $958.3 $900.0 -$58.3
TOTAL 54,171.3 $5,160.2 $5,071.7 $5,162.1 $90.4
$1,327.4 $1,430.2 $1,462.7 $1,332.7 -$130.0
$76.0 $35.0 $35.0
TOTAL $1,403.4 $1,430.2 $1,462.7 $1,367.7 -$95.0
$887.7
TOTAL $887.7
$9,352.7 $8,980.7 $8,980.7 $8,783.1
$2,611.0 $3,038.3 $3,038.3 $3,498.3
-$197.6
$460.0
TOTAL $11,963.7 $12,019.0 $12,019.0 $12,281.4 $262.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
83.6
49'. 0
61.9
50.2
61.5
50.1
60.7
50.1
33.3 28.3 28.1 25.9 -2.2
165.9 140.4 139.7 . 136.7 -3.0
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
106.7
76.9
38.0
75.0
73.9
36.6
74.6
73.8
36.4
71.9 -2.7
75.1
1.3
33.3 -3.1
221.6 185.5
184.8 180.3 -4.5
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AIR
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,281,400 and 136,7 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $262,400 and a decrease of 3.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total is $8,783,100 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,498,300
for Abatement, Control and Compliance, with a decrease of $197,600 and an In-
crease of $460,000, respectively. The decreases primarily reflect completion of
certain mandatory rulemaking actions, increased reliance on manufacturers fuel
economy calculations, and a more efficient certification program. The increase
in extramural funds will be used for in-use vehicle emissions testing and analysis
aimed at determining the amount of 1n-use emissions and their affect on air quality.
Program Description
This subactivfty carries out programs for the control of mobile source
emissions as required by the Clean Air Act, and generates information and analyses
related to motor vehicle fuel economy under the terms of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act.
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization -- This program
includes: 1)fReestablishmentofemission standardsfor mobile sources, and
associated technical analyses and emission characterization;- 2) the development
of technical procedures and guidelines applicable to the control of emissions
from In-use vehicles; 3) the measurement and assessment of 1n-use motor vehicle
emission levels; and 4) technical analyses related to the development of informa-
tion on motor vehicle fuel economy.
Testing. Technical and Administrative Support -- This program provides 1n-
house laboratory, 3eTEa processing, anHother support for mobile source air
pollution control and fuel economy activities as well as test procedure development
and refinement.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance This program provides for the en-
gineering review of data to determine the compliance of new motor vehicles with
emission standards and other pre-production control requirements, follow-up review
of the validity of manufacturers' data, and associated technical activities.
Similar procedures for fuel economy determinations are also included.
Mobile Source Standards and Guidelines This program provided for the set-
ting of emission IstandardlT for mobile sources and the assessment of 1n-use vehicle
emissions. In 1982, this program was restructured and has been distributed among
the Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy program elements.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of $5,751,600 and 60.7 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $3,188,300 Is for Salaries and Expenses' and
$2,563,300 Is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents a decrease
of .8 permanent workyears and $216,300 and an increase of 5483,300, respectively
from 1983 and reflects completion of certain mandatory rulemaking actions and
reduced testing and analysis of fuel economy devices. The Increase reflects
efforts aimed at determining In-use emissions of new control technology vehicles
and additional emission characterization work*
A-68
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Final Rulemaklng for the Heavy Duty Particulate and Heavy Duty Engine/Light
Duty Truck nitrogen oxide standards will be developed. If necessary, a Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking for revised Heavy Duty hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide standards
for 1988 and later model years will be published, and the Light Duty Diesel Par-
ticulate standard will be reviewed. The testing procedure for light duty vehicles
will be assessed for potential changes.
Acquiring emissions data analyses of air quality Impacts from new technology
vehicles and Implementing a multi-year strategy for updating and improving the
environmental data base on vehicle emissions will continue. Testing of in-use
vehicles will be increased to determine the emissions effect of new control techno-
logy and "tamper-proof" systems at high mileage. We will also increase our ability
to analyze available data, provide timely reports, and revise emissions factors
and models used by EPA, industry, states, and Congress. Characterization of
emissions from alternative fuels will continue, as will coordination with the
Office of Research and Development and the Health Effects Institute on mobile
source related pollution and health Impacts. Fuel economy work will focus on
evaluating the difference between 1n-use fuel economy and EPA fuel economy fig-
ures. Testing and evaluation of fuel economy retrofit devices will continue.
1983^ Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,484,600 and 61.5 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,404,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
52,080,000 1s for extramural purposes under Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The Agency is working on the promu-1 gation of revised standards for carbon monoxide
and hydrocarbons from heavy duty gasoline engines, high altitude emissions, and
light duty diesel averaging.
The Notices of Proposed Rulemaklng for Heavy Duty Diesel Particulates, Heavy
Duty Engine nitrogen oxide standards, and evaluation of the transient heavy duty
test procedure are scheduled for completion. The Agency is proposing postponement
of the 1985 Implementation of the Light Duty Diesel Particulate standard. Tech-
nical assistance and review of State Implementation Plans, particularly as they
relate to motor vehicle emissions, continues. Additional work focuses on testing
In-use vehicles, including new technology vehicles. Characterization of emissions
from methanol fueled vehicles continues. Evaluation of fuel economy retrofit
device effectiveness continues. The aircraft standards, the High Altitude Report
to Congress, and the Railroad Report to Congress will be completed in 1983.
1983 Expl anation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$56,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogranmings. (+$56,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogr aiming limitations. These changes resulted 1n a net
Increase of +$56,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $5,501,300 for this program, of which $4,099,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,402,300 was for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. In 1982, significant progress was made on the Auto Task Force relief
items. Standards development focused on diesel partlculates and heavy duty engine?
emissions. A revision was made to the warranty related short test for light duty
vehicle emissions. Final changes to the aircraft standards were underway. The
High Altitude Report to Congress and the Railroad Report to Congress were under
preparation in 1982. Characterization work focused on emission characterization
of alternative fuels, particularly methanol.
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TESTING,TECHNICALAND ADMINISTRATIVESUPPORT
1984 Program Requ est
The Agency "requests a total of $5,162,100 and 50,1 permanent worKyears for
this program, of which $4,262,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5900,000 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents an increase of $148,700
and a decrease of 558,300 respectively from 1983. This reflects increased emphasis
on in-house testing in support of in-use vehicle emissions determinations to improve
our data bases and to update them with data on those vehicle technologies which
will dominate the fleet during 1984 and later periods,
This program will provide basic testing, technical support, and administrative
services for operation of the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL). Admin-
istrative services to be performed include personnel, procurement, safety, facility
management, and ADP support for the MVEL,
Testing activities will include tests for preproduction certification; tests
for fuel economy labeling and compliance programs; tests of in-use vehicles for
determination of emissions from vehicles in actual use; tests for recall surveil-
lance and confirmatory purposes; tests in support of tampering and fuel switching
programs, and tests for the 1n-use compliance feasibility program. In addition to
these testing programs, engineering evaluations will be conducted on the feasi-
bility of using electric dynamometers for better simulation of vehicle road load.
The program to determine correlation with manufacturers laboratories will be
maintained.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 55,071,700 and 50.1 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $4,113,400 1-s for Salaries and Expenses and
$958,300 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Testing and technical support
activities have been redirected to operate at a level where significant economies
of scale can :be obtained and to consolidate similar testing activities.
Testing support to the certification and fuel economy labeling and compliance
programs continues (1,000 tests); other testing supported at the Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory includes: recall, surveillance, and tampering and fuel switch-
ing programs; testing in-use vehicles for development of emission factors; and
testing for the- initiation of a feasibility study for development of an in-use
motor vehicle compliance program. Approximately 1,300 tests will be performed for
these programs in 1983. Correlation programs to maintain equivalent test procedures
between manufacturers and the EPA continue. The adequacy of existing procedures
and equipment to test newer technology vehicles is being evaluated. The basic
personnel, support services, ADP, and administrative management functions are
provided for the MVEL. Safety and facility support services are provided, aimed
at maintaining a high level of occupational safety and health.
1983 Expl anation of Changes-t|J*om Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$88,500 results from the following action;
-Reprogrammings. (-$88,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammlngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a" net
decrease of -$88,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
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1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $4,171,300 for this program, of which $3,926,300
was for Salaries and Expenses and $245,000 was for Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance. The program focused an increasing efficiency in testing, and technical
and administrative support while maintaining or expanding the quality and quantity
of outputs. A total of 1,235 tests were performed for in-use emissions assessment,
certification, and fuel economy.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1984 jrogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,367,700 and 25,9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,332,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and 535,000 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents a decrease of 2.2 permanent
workyears and $130,000 and an increase of $35,000 respectively, from 1983 and
reflects increased reliance on manufacturers fuel economy calculations, a more
efficient certification program, and a slight increase in resources for the
alternative compliance program.
The emissions certification program will continue to issue between 300 and
400 certificates of compliance. The fuel economy information and compliance
program will generate information for the Gas MileageGu1de, calculate general and
specific fuel economy labels, and ca 1 cu 1 ate each nianufactuirer's Corporate Average
Fu«l Economy (CAFE). Sampling of manufacturers label calculations will be made.
Efforts to develop fuel economy regulations that provide more accurate consumer
information will continue and a rulemaking will be completed. Development of an
alternative compliance program will continue and analytical work will be completed
in 1985.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $1,462,700 and 28.1 permanent workyears
for this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. The Agency is
continuing to streamline the certification process by revising requirements to
reduce the burden on industry without sacrificing environmental results. Programs
to assess an in-use compliance approach to emissions control and to test high
mileage in-use vehicles to gather data on in-use emissions and emission control
system deterioration over time are underway. The fuel economy program continues
to generate 1,600 to 1,700 fuel economy labels a year, data for the Gas Mileage
Guide, and 150 CAFE calculations. Increased effort is being, devoted to revising
the fuel economy program to more closely approximate in-use results, improving the
labeling data base, and reducing the manufacturers*' reporting costs.
198 3 Expl ana ti on of Changes f rofn BudgetIs 11 ma te
The net increase of +$32,500 results from the following action;
-Reprogrammin^s. (+$32,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograminngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
Increase of +$32,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 AccompliShments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $1,403,400 for this program, of which $1,327,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $76,000 was for extramural projects under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance ippropriation. Certificates were issued for 302
light duty engine families and the Fuel Economy program produced 1,700 labels and
performed 150 CAFE calculations. The Final Rulemaking for changes to Improve the
certification process was prepared.
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MOBILE SOURCE STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
19 8 2 Acc prop 1 i s tone nts
In 1982, the Agency obligated $887,700 for this program, all of which was
for extramural projects under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds were used to test vehicles to determine their emissions" in-use. This
program was restructured in 1982 and has been distributed among the Mobile Source
Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy program elements.
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(105 Grants)
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$88,145.1 $69,954.7 $84,734.9 $69,954.7 -$14,780.2
TOTAL $88,145.1 $69,954.7 $84,734.9 $69,954,7 -$14,780.2
Training
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
$216.4
$800.3
TOTAL $1,016.7
$238.1
$624.0
$238.1
$964.0
$862.1 $1,202.1
$254.7 S16.6
$476.9 -$487.1
$731.6 -$470.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $216.4 $238.1 $238.1 $254.7 $16,6
Abatement Control & $88,945.4 $70,578.7 $85,698.9 $70,431.6 -$15,267.3
Compliance '
State Programs TOTAL $89,161.8 $70,816.8 $85,937.0 $70,686.3 -$15,250.7
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4,0
4.0
A-73
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $70,686,300 and 4.0 permanent workyeafs for
1984, a decrease of $15,250,700 from 1983. Included in this total is $254,700
for Salaries and Expenses and $70,431,600 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance,
an increase of $16,600 and a decrease of $15,267,300, respectively. The increase
reflects higher personnel costs. The decrease reflects our projection for a reduc-
tion in regulatory planning costs as the result of completion of several major
strategies; elimination of certain monitoring sites; management efficiencies; and
increased use of fee systems.
Program Description
This subactivity provides financial support to State and local air pollution
control agencies, including Indian lands, for the prevention, abatement, and con-
trol of air pollution. Its prime objective is to support the development and
implementation of effective State and local programs for the attainment and mainte-
nance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), in accordance with
provisions of the Clean Air Act.
Direct grants assistance to control agencies which have major roles for devel-
oping and carrying out these programs, constitutes the major form of EPA resource
assistance. Direct grants assistance is supplemented by the training of State and
local air pollution personnel and the provision of services of contractors for
specific tasks identified by the States and localities. Grants support State and
local control agencies in carrying out their roles under the Clean Air Act. This
includes: the development of State Implementation Plans for the attainment of
national air quality standards; enforcement of source emission regulations and
requirements; review and permitting of new sources; and the monitoring of ambient
air quality. In addition, these funds promote the assumption and implementation
of other regulatory responsibilities Including the Prevention of Significant Deter-
ioration (PSD), New Scarce Performance Standards (NSPS); and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS).
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (105 Grants) Under the Clean Air
Act, the control of air pollution at its source 1s primarily the responsibility
of State and local governments. States, in cooperation with local agencies, are
responsible under the Act for developing and implementing programs to attain and
maintain the national ambient air quality standards. EPA grant assistance partially
supports the costs for the operation and continued efforts of these State and
local agency programs in meeting these responsibilities.
Training Resource assistance is further supplemented by the provision of
training in specialized areas of air pollution control. Since July 1, 1976, the
EPA Air Pollution Training Institute at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
has been operated under contract. New courses are developed as needed, instruction
manuals and materials are revised and updated, and manuals and instructional mate-
rials are provided to university training centers. The EPA staff works with uni-
versity centers to develop State and local self-sufficiency in training by offer-
ing courses at area training centers.
CONTR.pj.J\G_ENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (105 GRANTS!
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $69,954,700- for Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance, a decrease of $14,780,200 from 1983. Although this reduction reflects a
17 percent decrease in Federal funds, it actually represents approximately a 7 per-
cent decrease in total resources for air pollution control programs; since States
on the average contribute 60 percent of the total resources.
A-74
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Several factors operating collectively will permit this reduction in grant
funding without impeding effective State and local efforts for the prevention and
control of air pollution. There will be substantial reductions in regulatory
planning costs now that States have made considerable progresss in the development
of several major strategies (e.g., post 1982 attainment SIPs; SIPs for lead (Pb);
Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs). Other savings that States can choose
to make include: the elimination of unnecessary or duplicate monitoring sites;
management efficiencies including the implementation of procedural and administra-
tive simplifications (e.g., streamlining of SIP requirements, consolidation of
grants administrative requirements); and the increased use by control agencies
of fee systems for permits required by the Clean Air Act.
With these savings in place, most other State and local air management, en-
forcement and monitoring programs will not expand but will be maintained at the
1983 levels. State and local air management programs will focus on the commitments
for the development and implementation of additional mobile and stationary source
controls that were Included in the 1982 SIPs for ozone (03) and/or carbon monoxide
(CO). Other significant efforts will include: (1) continued development and imple-
mentation of new or improved regulatory reform measures, particularly the use of
emission trading options, development of generic programs for emissions trading
and use of operating permit programs for modifying individual source control re-
quirements as enforceable revisions to approved strategies; (2) development by
remaining States of programs for the prevention of significant deterioration; and,
(3) the assumption of programs to implement recently promulgated New Source Perfor-
mance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
State and local air enforcement efforts are expected to be maintained at the
1983 program levels. Programs will continue to focus on the surveillance and
compliance of major sources impacting nonattainment areas, including volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources In attainment areas. Other efforts will include
the continued implementation of programs for the review and permitting of new
sources and the enforcement of permit requirements. The State and local Air
Monitoring System, (SLAMS) network will be maintained and will continue to focus
on the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) network including required quality
assurance. ,
The resources provided as a result of the savings in regulatory planning,
monitoring and management programs will allow control agencies in 1984 to undertake
a limited number of new or expanded efforts to respond to emerging needs and air
quality problems. This Includes: the completion of appropriate data bases and the
development of regulatory strategies for revised National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, the analysis of strategy
alternatives for major urban extension areas where strategies indicate attainment
by 1987 is Impossible or highly improbable and enforcement efforts related to
additional delegations. Further, the modest assessment effort of air toxics pro-
blems will be increasingly focused on populated areas having significant chemical,
petroleum, or solvent Industries and the employment of good science and consistent
techniques In -the performance of the assessments.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a -total of $84,734,900 to this program for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. State and local air management programs are
focusing on the commitments Included in the post 1982 attainment strategies for
ozone and/or carbon monoxide which are to be undertaken or completed during' the
fiscal year. Examples Include State development of additional controls for sta-
tionary sources and the completion of motor vehicle inspection and maintenance
A-75
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programs where required programs have not become operational. Other major efforts
include: (1) development of programs by additional States for the prevention of
significant deterioration (2) delegation of recently promulgated NSPS and NESHAP;
(3) continuing development of regulatory reforms including use of emission trading
options and development of generic programs; (4) revision of control requirements
for major sulfur dioxide regulations having significant fuel and energy impact;
and, (5) the completion by additional States of attainment strategies for lead
(Pb). Additional States are undertaking, at their own initiative, programs to
assess air toxics problems and programs.
State and local air enforcement programs are focusing on the surveillance and
compliance of major sources impacting nonattalnment areas, including major sources
located in attainment areas emitting volatile organic compounds which through
transport may contribute to urban nonattainment problems- Other efforts include
the implementation of effective programs for the review and permitting of new
sources and the enforcement of delegated NSPS and NESHAP provisions. A limited
number of State and local agencies are continuing anti-tampering and fuel sur-
veillance activities. State and local air monitoring programs are focusing on
the operation, maintenance, and quality assurance of the National Air Monitoring
Systems and completion and quality assurance of an effective State and local Air
Monitoring System network.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +514,780,200 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$14,780,200) The Congressional add-on to this act-
ivity W^TnriTTroTiOT to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
was for the State Control Agency Resources Supplementation (105 Grants) program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $88,145,100 for this program, all for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance. Air management efforts included the development of
required strategies for the post 1982 attainment of National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for ozone and carbon monoxide; the continued development of major mobile
and stationary source regulatory programs required for the post 1982 extension
areas; and the delegation of new or additional responsibilities for the regulation
of new sources. Enforcement efforts focused on major source compliance, review
and permitting of new sources, as well as enforcement of delegated responsibility
for National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants and New Source Per-
formance Standards. Monitoring programs provided for the maintenance of current
ambient monitoring activities including the National Air Monitoring System network
and for progress toward completion of the State and local Air Monitoring System
network. Other efforts included the development by several States of anti-tamper-
ing and fuel switching surveillance programs and the incorporation of regulatory
reforms including emission trading into current State regulation efforts. A limited
number of States, at their own initiative, undertook efforts to assess potential
air toxic problems.
TRAINING '
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $731,600 and 4.0 permanent workyears for "this
program, of which $254,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $476,900 is for Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance. This is an increase of $16,600 and a decrease of
$487,100, respectively; and reflects reduced development of new and revised train-
ing courses, as well as, a decrease in the number of area training centers.
A-76
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Fifteen courses win be offered at the three area training centers for approx-
imately 530 students. Additionally, two self-instructional, including slide/tape
presentations and two correspondence courses will be prepared. Also, one self-
instructional, including slide/tape presentation will be revised. Implementation
of competitive procurement to support State and local agency training will take
place.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating SI ,202,100 and 4.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $238,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and $964,000 is for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
Seventeen training courses are to be conducted in the six area training
centers. Also, 10 new and revised courses/course materials, self-instructional
and correspondence courses are being prepared. In addition, competitive procure-
ment mechanisms to support State and local agency training activities are being
investigated.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$340,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-t-$340,OOQ) The Congressional add-on to this acti-
vity of +$340,000 to theAbatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the academic training program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $1,016,700 for this program, of which $216,400
was for Salaries and Expenses and $800,300 was for Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance. Twenty-seven training courses were conducted covering 13 subject areas for
958 students at seven area training centers and graduate traineeships/fellowships
were provided for 26 control agency employees. In addition, 10 new and revised
classroom, self-Instructional, and correspondence courses were prepared.
A-77
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN^THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $10,131.3 58,731.5 $9,482.7 510,116.9 $634.2
Abatement Control & 5240.6 534.3 531.2 5294.6 5263.4
Compliance
TOTAL 510,372.5 58,825.8 59,513.9 510,411,5 5897.6
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses 510,131.9 53,791.5 59,482.7 $10,116,9 5634.2
Abatement Control & 5240.6 $34.3 531.2 5294.6 5263.4
Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL 51.0,372.5 58,825,8 59,513.9 $10,411.5 5897.6
Implementation
PERMANENT VIORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 268.1 246.5 246.5 246.5
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 268.1 246.5 246.5 246,5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 294.3 266,8 266.8 266.8
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 294,3 266.8 266.8 266.8
A-78-
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,411,500 and 246.5 permanent workyears, an
increase of $897,600 from 1983. Included in this total is $10,116,900 for Salaries
and Expenses and $294,600 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase of
$634,200 and $263,400, respectively.
Program pesjHpJipn
This subactivity provides resources for the operation and maintenance of an
air management program in each of the Agency's ten Regional Offices. The Regional
program, in partnership with State and local air pollution control agencies, serves
to meet the regulatory requirements specified in Sections 110, Part C and Part D
of the Clean Air Act and EPA implementing regulations. The air management program
provides policy guidance and technical consultation to States in the development
and implementation of the strategies and regulatory programs for the attainment
and maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). It also con-
ducts the necessary review and coordination for approval of State submitted strate-
gies. The Agency negotiates air program grants to State and local control agencies
and provides oversight of their progress in developing and implementing regulatory
programs for standards attainment.
Major efforts are necessary to provide timely and effective guidance to States
preparing attainment strategies and meeting the commitments for the development
and implementation of multiple regulatory programs essential to the attainment of
standards. Similar efforts are necessary for State development of strategies for
implementing revisions to air quality standards required by the Act and for in-
corporation of appropriate regulatory reforms into State operating programs.
The 1977 Amendments to the Act also impose new requirements for reviewing and
permitting new sources to assure that they will not cause deterioration of air
quality in areas attaining the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, or will not
delay attainment In areas not yet attaining the NAAQS. Effective guidance to
States assuming responsibility for these review and permitting requirements in-
volves Regional efforts. Specific guidance to States 1s frequently required for:
determination of best available emission control technology, analysis of air
quality Impact,'selective source-siting, and emission trade-off analyses.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IHPLEMENTATION
1984Program Requests
The Agency requests a total of $10,411,500 and 246.5 permanent worlcyears for
this program, of which, $10,116,900 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $294,600 1s
for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This Is an Increase of $634,200 and
$263,400, respectively. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
payroll and operating costs primarily associated with the transfer of Public Health
Service employee costs to EPA 1n 1984. The Increase in Abatement Control and
Compliance reflects funding of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) meteorologists.
Mew thrusts in this program for 1984 will be possible because of the changing
nature of the air program in other areas. Consistent with major changes 1n EPA
policies and the streamlining of procedures, traditional review and approval ef-
forts for State strategies and revisions will continue to require lower resources.
Also, the number of anticipated actions will be less as rulemaking for a number of
A-79
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areas, particularly the post 1982 attainment State Implementation Plans (SIPs),
are completed. State regulatory reforms including the increasing establishment
of generic programs will decrease the number of future required EPA reviews.
Further, the direct review of new sources will continue to decline as more States
accept and implement delegations for the prevention of significant deterioration.
New or expanded guidance and support efforts will be focused on: (1) State develop-
ment of consistent and appropriate strategies for attainment of newly revised
standards for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide; (2) assessment of air toxics
focusing on populated areas having major chemical, petroleum, or solvent industries
consistent with good science; and, (3) analysis of strategy alternatives within
major urban extension areas where attainment of ozone and carbon monoxide standards
appears to be impossible or highly Improbable.
Continuing air management functions will include: the negotiation of air
grants; direct technical review activities in a limited number of States for new
sources until such time as programs for the prevention of significant deteriora^
tion (PSD) are developed; audit of State and local programs for assessing opera-
tional capabilities and consistency with regulatory requirements; and, efforts
toward the resolution of air quality Issues having interstate or international
implications. Guidance and support will be provided to States developing or im-
plementing high priority programs for: (1) attaining ozone and carbon monoxide in
the most significant urban areas; (2) undertaking regulatory reforms including
use of emission trading options; (3) the use of operating permit programs for
modifying source emission limits; and, (4) regulation of new sources, Rulemaking
actions for State strategies and revisions will continue to be finalized in a
timely manner preventing any SIP review backlog. A number of revisions are ex-
pected from States whose SIPs were determined to be inadequate upon the expiration
of the December 31, 1982, attainment deadlines.
Extramural resources will assist four Regional offices in supporting inter-
agency agreements with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the
detail of meteorologists to the Regional offices. These meteorologists will pro^
vide necessary modeling expertise for the review of State submitted strategies for
attainment of standards and assist States in Implementation of new source programs.
In addition, extramural resources will assist Regions in analyzing additional
regulatory reform proposals.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 59,513,900 and 246.5 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $9,482,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $31,200 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. In 1983, the Regional air management pro-
gram is focusing on completing all actions required for the review and approval of
State submitted strategies for the post 1982 attainment of NAAQS for ozone and/or
carbon monoxide within the urban extension areas. These efforts include follow-up
with individual States whose strategies included schedules for the development of
specific regulatory programs. The program, upon request, is providing specialized
guidance and support to States developing key regulatory programs within the exten-
sion areas, including the development of additional controls for stationary sources
and the completion of motor vehicle inspection and maintenance programs where
such programs are not operational. Also In 1983, approval and support efforts for
a number of other major strategies and regulatory programs are continuing. Included
are: (1) the development of regulatory programs in additional States for the preven-
tion of significant deterioration; (2) delegation of recently promulgated. New
Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous A1r
Pollutants; (3) regulatory reforms including those for emission trading and generic
programs; (4) revisions of major sulfur dioxide regulations having significant
fuel and energy Impacts; and, (5) development of attainment strategies for lead.
A-80
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Rulemaking actions for State strategies and revisions are being processed in
an efficient manner to prevent future recurrence of a major SIP backlog. States
recently accepting responsibility for PSD are receiving guidance and support in
conducting essential engineering and modeling efforts until they acquire necessary
expertise and experience. EPA continues to perform the necessary engineering and
air quality reviews for the permitting of new sources for PSD within the States
which do not have program responsibility. The Regional offices continue to negotiate
air grants and maintain oversight of Agency performance in meeting grant commit-
ments. Finally, efforts are being expanded to periodically assess State environ-
mental problems and their regulatory programs including elements for program con-
sistency.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$688,100 results from the following action:
-teprpgramiBlngs. (+$688,100) During th:e development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
Increase of +$691,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net de-
crease of -$3,100 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $10,372,500 for this program, of which $10,131,900
was for Salaries and Expenses and $240,600 was for Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance. Contract resources were provided for modeling support and special analyses
for regulatory reform proposals, the Regional air management efforts focused on
the implementation of improved procedures for the expeditious review and approval
of State strategies and regulations and the elimination of a major backlog of
required rulemaktng for State Implementation Plans. Rulemaking actions included
State regulations for the control of additional sources of volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) emissions; corrections of deficient 1979 State Implementation Plans;
State programs for the prevention of significant deterioration; development of
SIP strategies for attainment of NAAQS for lead; and State programs for imple-
menting regulatory reforms Including those employing emission trading options and
the establishment of generic programs.
Guidance was provided to States developing specific stationary source con-
trols for volatile organic compounds; automotive inspection and maintenance pro-
grams, and to those States preparing post-1982 attainment strategies for ozone and
carbon monoxide. The program continued to foster and guide State development of
programs for the prevention of significant deterioration and the delegation to
States of New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants, achieving a significant increase in the number of States
assuming program responsibility. Direct review of new sources was continued in
the non-delegated States. Air grants negotiations were conducted and oversight
of State and local agency performance in meeting grant commitments was maintained.
A-81
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AIR
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
32,760.7 $2,997.8 $3,043.6 $3,318.2 $274.6
$94.3 $248.4 $185.6 $135.6 -$50.0
TOTAL $2,855.0 $3,246.2 $3,229.2 $3,453.8 $224.6
Air Quality 4 Emissions
Data Analysis &
Progress Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries i Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
$1,466.5 $1,427.5 $1,427.5 $1,631.0 $203.5
$220.4 $203.9 $203.9 $203,9
TOTAL $1,686.9 $1,631.4 $1,631,4 $1,834,9 $203.5
$4,227.2 $4,425.3 $4,471.1 $4,949.2 $478.1
$314.7 $452.3 $389.5 $339.5 -$50.0
TOTAL $4,541,9 $4,877.6 $4,860.6 $5,288,7 $428.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Analysis 4
Progress Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
77.0 82-.1 82.1 82.1
31.0 29.9 30.2 30.2
108.0 112.0 112,3 112,3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Analysis &
Progress Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS
83.3
33.9
117.2
87.8
34,0
121.8
87.7
32.8
120,5
87.8
34.0
121.8
.1
1.2
1.3
A-82
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,288,700 and 112.3 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $428,100 from 1983. Included in this total is $4,949,200 for
Salaries and Expenses and $339,500 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance, an
increase of 5478,100 and a decrease of $50,000, respectively. The increase re-
flects increased payroll and operating costs primarily associated with the transfer
of Public Health Service employee costs to EPA in 1984. The decrease reflects a
reduction in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring program.
Program^Description
This subactivity covers work related to monitoring ambient air quality, deter-
mining source emissions, analyzing their relationships, and assessing the progress
made toward the attainment of environmental goals.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Activity in this program includes: (1) EPA's
management overview of State ambient air quality monitoring networks, associated
laboratory and field quality assurance activities, and the Implementation of air
monitoring strategies as delineated in the air monitoring regulations promulgated
in 1979 (40 CFR 58); (2) the coordination of Regional and State field investigation
activities for collecting ambient air quality samples for subsequent sample analysis
and related quality control; (3) reviewing of source emissions data; and (4) the
necessary management and coordination to ensure timely storage and validation of
data obtained.
Air Qua]Ity and EmissipnsDataAnalysis and Progress Assessment. Major ac-
tivitiesinclude: national 'codr dihafTon"*bT° Regional office,'" State and local am-
bient monitoring programs; issuance of new and revised regulatory requirements and
related technical guidance; active oversight and auditing of the National Air
Monitoring Stations (NAMs) to ensure continuing conformance with all regulatory
criteria; operation of computer systems for storing, retrieving, and analyzing
ambient air quality and emission data; development and implementation of systems
to meet user requirements; and preparation of trends analyses and related air
quality and emission progress assessments for policy evaluation and development
and to meet public information needs.
AMBIENT AIR QUALIJY HONITORING
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,453,800 and 82.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,318,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $135,600 1s for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This 1s an Increase of $274,600 and a decrease
of $50,000, respectively. The increase reflects increased payroll and operating
costs and the decrease represents a reduced need for extramural support for the
development of environmental reports.
Overview and management of State air monitoring programs including Section
105 grants review will continue. The Agency will perform quality assurance audits
of State monitoring systems and performance audits of selected NAMs monitors.
This program will validate and coordinate the timely reporting of air quality
and emission data to EPA data banks. In addition, this program will prepare air
quality environmental management reports and respond to air emergency episodes or
spills. The Agency will conduct reviews of monitoring networks and data involving
A-83
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highly controversial or technically difficult permits for the prevention of sig-
nificant deterioration (PSD) program. Annual network review for most States and
evaluation of monitoring sites prioritized by population and pollutant levels
will be performed. The Agency will assist in 1982 attainment analyses and assess-
ments for the 30 largest urban areas in terms of pollution levels and population.
The program will evaluate State developed partlculate matter (PM) monitoring
networks in support of new EPA ambient air quality standard as well as coordinate
and assist State toxic monitoring .programs. This program will provide coordination
and technical support for EPA's Office of Research and Development and State field
efforts to develop an acid deposition data base.
1J83 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $3,229,200 and 82.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which S3,043,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $185,600 is for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. The five-year program for implementing the
air monitoring strategy is being completed in 1983. The State and local air mon-
itoring systems (SLAMS) network Is being completely Installed and operated by
State and local agencies during the fiscal year. The Agency is providing tech-
nical assistance in conducting partlculate matter and toxics monitoring studies.
The Agency is continuing quality assurance audits of State monitoring systems
and performance audits of selected NAMs monitors and is continuing to validate and
store air quality and emissions data 1n the EPA data banks.
1983 Explanat1on of Changes JFrom Budoe t Estimate
The net decrease of -$17,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (-$17,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgramuririgs were made to this activity which are not. reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammlng limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$45,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease
of -562,800 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $2,855,000 for this program, of which £2,760,700
was for Salaries and Expenses and $94,300 was for Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
Contract funds supported preparation of air quality profiles. The Regions continued
to evaluate preparation of air quality profiles and State monitoring networks, per-
form quality assurance audits, coordinate State partlculate matter data activities,
and validate and coordinate storage of air data in national emission data systems.
Evaluations for conformance of the State and local air monitoring systems (includ-
ing NAMs) monitoring sites, located primarily in non-attainment areas, and for
energy conversion sources were performed. In addition, quality assurance audits
were performed of large local agency monitoring systems.
AIR: QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA.ANALYSISI AMD PROGRESS ASJESSMEJT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 51,834,900 and 30.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,631,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $203,900 is for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This is an Increase of $203,500 for Salaries
and Expenses and reflects increased payroll and operating costs.
The existing air quality and emission data systems will be operated and guidance
will be provided to users. Responses to approximately 500 requests for air quality
and/or emission data will be provided. Development of an improved air data system
will continue through design and development of software, implementation of vendor-
supplied data manipulation and analysis software, and conversion of a portion of
A-84
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the data needed for the new system. Support will be provided to the 35 agencies
using EPA developed data systems. This program will analyze ambient and emission
trends and assess progress towards attainment and will prepare statistical analyses
to support new or revised ambient standards. Software, data files, and EPA's Part
58 regulations on Ambient Monitoring will be modified to accommodate changes to
the ambient standards. National oversight of Regional office, State and local
air monitoring programs will be provided. The NAMs will be managed through main-
tenance of a site information base, review of ambient data, and the issuance
of status reports on regulatory compliance. To support the non-criteria moni-
toring programs of State and local agencies, guidance dealing with sampling methods
and frequency, network design and siting, quality control, data reduction and re-
porting, and trends and data analyses will be developed.
1933 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,631,400 and 30.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,427,500 Is for Salaries and Expenses and
$203,9001s for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. All major activities are
continuing: including operation of existing air data systems; production of annual
report and other statistical analyses; national oversight of State and local moni-
toring programs; and evaluations of NAMs including on-site audits. Also, the
program 1s evaluating and issuing status reports on compliance of SLAMS networks
with regulations. Revised monitoring regulations to reflect revision to particu-
1 ate matter {PM), sulfur dioxide (SOg), and nitrogen dioxide (NOz) ambient stan-
dards are being proposed. In addition, with regard to the new air data system,
the design and development of conversion software for air quality data 1s being
completed. The strategy for non-criteria (toxic) monitoring will be implemented
through establishment of a pilot center In one city and the issuance of guidance
on monitoring methods and the design of sampling programs for toxic pollutants.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There fs no change to this program.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $1,686,900 for this program, of which $1,466,500
was for Salaries and Expenses and $220,400 was for Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance. Contract funds supported regulation review and revision, guidance develop-
ment, operation and maintenance of air pollution data storage and retrieval systems,
and progress toward the development of a new data system. Emphasis continued on
operation and updating of existing air data systems, and training and guidance to
system users. This program provided support to 35 State and local agencies using
EPA developed data systems. Other major activities included preparation of special
air quality and emission analyses, statistics and reports, national oversight of
State and local monitoring programs, evaluation of NAMs including on-site audits,
and work toward revising monitoring regulations to reflect revisions to the ambient
standards for S02, PM, and NOg- In addition, the Agency developed a program plan
for implementing a strategy for non-criteria pollutant monitoring {a program to
prepare for future monitoring of toxic pollutants by States), and completed the
preliminary systems analysis of software, for the new air data system.
A-85
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of'Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-87
Stationary Source Enforcement A-88
Stationary Source Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel..,.. A-91
Mobile Source Enforcement.. A-92
A-86
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ' ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $12,800.2 $10,101.5 59,850.7 $10,356.7 $506.0
Abatement Control & S9.092.9 $5,019.1 $5,019.1 $4,808.7 -S210.4
Com pi iance
TOTAL $21,893.1 $15,120.6 $14,869.8 $15,165.4 $295.5
Stationary Source
Enforcement - Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Abatement Control 4 $599.9
Compliance
TOTAL $599.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,800.2 $10,101.5 $9,850.7 $10,356.7 $506.0
Abatement Control 4 $9,692.8 $5,019.1 $5,019.1 $4,808.7 -$210.4
Compliance
Stationary Source TOTAL $22,493.0 $15,120.6 $14,869.8 $15,165.4 $295.6
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 368.8 273,4 273.2 271,9 -1.3
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 368.8 273.4 273,2 271.9 -1.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 398.3 289,6 289.3 287.6
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 398.3 289.6 289,3 287,6
A-87
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,165,400 and 271.9 permanent workyears in
1984, an increase of $295,600 and a decrease of 1.3 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total is $10,356,700 for Salaries and Expenses and $4,808,700
for Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase of $506,000 and a decrease
of $210,400 respectively. The increase reflects increased payroll and operat-
ing costs and the reduction in extramural funds reflects a shift towards greater
reliance on EPA personnel for conducting inspections.
Program Description
The stationary source enforcement program provides support to and coordina-
tion with State and local air pollution control agencies to ensure that stationary
sources achieve and maintain compliance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act,
as amended in 1977.
Stationary Source Enforcement -This program focuses primarily on enforcement
of the requirements established under State Implementation Plans. The enforce-
ment program also focuses on new source programs such as New Source Performance
Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
As a result of efforts made by industry in controlling their emissions and
the effectiveness of State, local and Federal control programs, approximately
ninety-one percent of the more than 18,000 major stationary sources have achieved
compliance with all applicable air quality limitations. An additional 2.6% (476
sources) are meeting acceptable compliance schedules. Although this represents
a significant achievement, government efforts must continue to ensure that re-
maining sources come into compliance with present standards or any new or revised
standards and, once controls are installed, compliance with standards 1s main-
tained. EPA will continue to provide State and local agencies with technical
support in their efforts to realize this goal and, where appropriate, initiate
their own actions.
Stationary Source Enforcement-legal and Enforcement Counsel This program
element provides contract funds to support a portion of the enforcement data system
and to assist In case development and training activities related to Air Quality
Enforcement.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,165,400 and 271.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $10,356,700 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,808,700 1s for the Abatement, Compliance and Control appropriation. Ex-
tramural funds will be used for enforcement case support; compliance monitoring
and field surveillance; Regional data management support; development of technical
workshops and manuals to enhance the capabilities of State and local programs;
providing limited assistance to specific state cases; and Regional industrial,
technical, and economic studies.
In 1984, the stationary source compliance program will carry forward the
basic thrust of the 1983 budget. The major focus of the stationary source com-
pliance program for 1984 is to ensure, working 1n close cooperation with State and
local agencies, that noncomplying significant sources in nonattalnment areas are
A-88
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brought into compliance consistent with the constraints of the Clean Air Act.
Efforts to address violators of requirements, established in Part D SIPs (primarily
relative to volatile organic -compounds) will continue in 1984, as will efforts to
ensure continued high compliance levels with NSPS and NESHAPs requirements. EPA
will continue to encourage States to assume the lead role through provision of
1 imi ted direct case support when requested. The compliance program will continue
to provide assistance in selected Federal judicial referrals, consent decrees,
antf Section 120 actions. Also, EPA will issue administrative orders as necesary
in environmentally significant cases where States cannot or will not take appro-
priate enforcement action.
The 1984 budget reflects a major shift in the way that EPA will conduct in-
spections. EPA will rely more on its own personnel rather than contractors for
most classes of inspections. Contractor inspections will be limited primarily to
inspections of non-delegated NSPS and NESHAP sources.
Efforts for building the technical- capabilities of State and local programs,
began in 1982 and expanded in 1983, will continue in 1984. This effort includes
development and presentation of technical workshops, development of compliance
manuals, continued development of State pilot programs, and evaluation of State
compliance procedures. In addition, to ensure the validity of the compliance
data base, EPA will initiate a qualitative audit of State compliance monitoring
techniques in 1984.
Other major program accomplishments for 1984 will include: development of
three technical workshops to enhance the capabilities of State and local programs
(with 60 workshops being presented to Regional, State and local personnel); devel-
opment of four new compliance manuals for State and local programs; and assistance
to five additional State compliance data systems. During 1984, the compliance
program will continue to develop civil and criminal referrals in conjunction
with the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. There are plans to conduct an
estimated 1,694 inspections, and issue approximately 41 administrative orders
during 1984.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $14,869,800 and 273.2 permanent workyears
for this program in 1983, of which $9,850,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$5,019,100 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Compliance and Control
appropriation. The extramural funds are being used for enforcement case support;
compliance monitoring and field surveillance; Regional data management support;
development of technical workshops and manuals to enhance the capabilities of
State and local programs; providing limited assistance to specific State case; and
Regional industrial, technical, and economic studies.
The major focus of the Stationary Source Compliance program for 1983 as it
will be in 1984 is to ensure that noncoraplyfng significant sources in nonattain-
ment areas are brought into compliance consistent with the constraints of the
Clean Air Act. Efforts are being intensified to addressing violators of require-
ments (primariTy relative to volatile organic compounds) established in Part D
SIPs, many of which have compliance dates in 1983. Emphasis is also being placed
on assuring continued high compliance levels with NSPS and NESHAPs requirements,
through support of State actions and, as required, independent EPA actions. The
stationary source compliance program continues to provide assistance in selected
judicial referrals, consent decrees, and Section 120 actions, and to Issue notices
of violation and administrative orders as necessary. In addition, the program
continues to manage the Compliance Data System, and make applicability determina-
tions under NSPS and NESHAPs.
EPA continues to conduct Inspections, review performance tests, monitor en-
forcement actions, issue waivers and permits, make noncompliance penalty deter-
m1nat1ons» and bring enforcement actions in environmentally significant cases
A-89
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where States cannot or will not take such actions, despite EPA effort. To en-
courage States to assume primary responsibility, EPA provides limited direct case
assistance to State enforcement efforts when requested.
Efforts for building the technical capabilities of State and local programs
are being increased in 1983. This includes development and presentation of tech-
nical workshops, development of compliance manuals, further development of the
State pilot program efforts begun in 1982, and evaluation of State compliance pro-
cedures and follow-up support.
The program continues to provide technical and cost evaluations of applica-
tions submitted by steel companies under the provisions of Steel Industry Com-
pliance Extension Act (SICEA). Also, final promulgation of second-round nonferrous
smelter orders establishing a regulatory framework for compliance extensions
through January 1, 1988, is anticipated during 1983.
Other program accomplishments in 1983 include development of three new tech-
nical workshops to enhance the capabilities of State and local programs (with 50
workshops being presented to Regional, State and local personnel), development
of four compliance manuals for State and local programs, and assistance to five
additional State compliance data systems. During 1983, the compliance program
continues to assist the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel in the development
of civil and criminal referrals. In addition, the program is to conduct 1,835
inspections and issue an estimated 43 administrative orders in 1983,
1983ExplanationofChanges from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$250,800 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. |+$6,OQO) This increase includes +$6,000 of the
$10.5 millionSalaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional
permanent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprograinmi'ngs. (-$256,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$256,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
FY 1982_Accomplishment5
In 1982, the Agency obligated $21,893,100 for this program, of which
$12,800,200 was for Salaries and Expenses and $9,092,900 was for Abatement Control
Compliance. Extramural resources were utilized for enforcement case development
activities; compliance monitoring and field surveillance; Regional data manage-
ment; and Regional industrial, technical, and economic studies.
In 1982, the Agency refocused the direction of this program to ensure that
State and local air pollution control programs assumed the primary role in ensur-
ing that significant sources of air pollution are brought into compliance. EPA
Increased efforts to enhance State and local program technical capabilities through
expansion of its Inspection workshop programs, assisted the States in development
of continuous compliance pilot programs, and through providing limited assistance
in specific cases. EPA began to redirect its own enforcement efforts toward the
most significant violators, including larger sources in nonattainment areas.
During 1982, the program provided technical and cost evaluations of applica-
tions submitted by steel companies under the provisions of the SICEA of 1981.
Also, work was begun on development of second-round nonferrours smelter orders
establishing a regulatory framework for compliance extensions through January
1, 1988, as provided in the Act.
A-90
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Program accomplishments during 1982 Included development of four new technical
workshops to enhance the capabilities of State and local programs (with 52 work-
shops having been presented to Regional, State and local personnel), implementa-
tion of three continuous pilot programs, development of five new compliance man-
uals for State and local programs, and providing assistance to eight additional
State compliance data systems. During 1982, EPA issued 20 administrative orders,
and conducted 2,093 inspections.
STATIONARY SO.URCE £NFCIRCEMENT:-IE6AL AND ENFORCEMEHT COUNSEL
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program.
1983 Program
The Agency 1s allocating no funds for this program element in 1983. Develop-
ment of the docket system has been completed and the case development functions
will be centralized and carried out by the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
1982 Aceomp1i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $599,900 in Abatement, Control and Compliance
funds to provide support to the enforcement docket system, case development, and
training efforts.
A-91
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
S3,608.8
$1,662.8
$3,522.6
$1,896.5
$3,696.6
$1,896.5
S3,733.2
$1,821.5
S3,608.8
$1,662.3
$3,522.6
$1,896.5
$3,696.6
$1,896.5
$3,733.2
$.1,821.5
$36.6
-$75.0
TOTAL $5,271.6 $5,419.1 $5,593.1 $5^54.7 -$38.4
$36.6
-$75.0
TOTAL $5,271.5 $5,419.1 $5,593.1 $5,554.7 -$38.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
77.4
77.4
56.4
56.4
61.2
61.2
60.0
60.0
-1.2
-1,2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
105.1
105.1
74.8
74.8
80.3
80.3
78.4 -1.9
78.4 -1.9
A-92
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The agency requests a total of 55,554,700 and 60.0 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $38,400 and 1.2 workyears from 1983. Included in this total
is S3,733,200 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,821,500 for Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance, with an increase of $36,600 and a decrease of 575,000, respec-
tively.
Prog ram De sc ri p tf on
The Mobile Source enforcement program is directed primarily towards achiev-
ing compliance with motor vehicle emission standards and fuel regulations as re-
quired by the Clean Air Act. The major goals and objectives are to; (1) assure
that new vehicles meet emission standards; (2) assure that vehicles meet emission
standards in use; (3) assure that emission control systems are not removed or
rendered inoperative; (4) assure that harmful additives are not present in gaso-
line; and (5) administer the California and statutory emission waivers.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENt ,-
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,554,700 and 60.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,733,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,821,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $36,600 and a decrease of $75,000, respectively from 1983.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs and the
decrease in extramural funds reflects a slight reduction in contractor support for
testing. Extramural funds will be used for the recall program, fuel switching
observations, fuels inspections, and data management and analysis.
The recall program will be increased to 480 tests to assure compliance of
in-use vehicles with emissions standards. Eighty percent of the fleet will be
sampled for testing during Its useful life.
This program also processes fuel waivers; the Agency expects waiver requests
for a number of new additives for gasoline and diesel fuels. Emission warranties
and aftermarket parts certification programs will be" administered. Warranty claims
filed with EPA will be investigated. Seventeen Selective Enforcement Audits (SEA)
of manufacturer facilities will be conducted to ensure that new vehicles meet
emissions requirements. The imports and waivers programs will continue to provide
for analysis of air expected five California waiver requests and any remaining
carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxide statutory waivers, and -to administer the program
for control of the importation of vehicles. An effort will be devoted to the
averaging feasibility study and analyses of compliance programs based on assembly
line and in-use data. ;
Anti-tampering and anti-fuel switching activities will continue to focus on
development of EPA cases, contractor investigations, support to State programs,
and unleaded fuel inspections. Fuel switching surveys will cover 10 areas and
focus on the nature of specific problems. The Federal effort will be aimed at
providing States with the basis for adopting their own programs and support
for program development. EPA field offices will target new car dealerships,
fleet facilities, and commercial repair facilities, and provide investigative and
case development support to State and local tampering and fuel switching programs
to encourage Increased State and local activities. The field offices will initiate
enforcement actions for violators referred by State and local personnel, and supply
personnel to supplement State and local Investigations when requested.
A-93
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 55,593,100 and 61.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,696,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$1,896,500 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Resources are concentrated
in the recall program to assure compliance of in-use vehicles with emission stan-
dards. Emphasis is being placed on in-use compliance, with 17 SEA being performed.
The tampering and fuel switching programs are continuing at reduced levels with
efforts to assist State and local programs receiving increased emphasis.
The activities of the fuels program include conducting combined unleaded
gasoline and vapor recovery inspections at service stations and fleet dispensing
facilities. The Agency continues to monitor lead usage reports and the status
of refiner efforts to achieve compliance with the lead phasedown program and
administer the emission and fuel waivers as required.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$174,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (+$174,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammjng limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$174,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomp11shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $5,271,600:, of which $3,608,800 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,662,800 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Review of
the lead phasedown rules was Initiated and completed in one year. The Agency
performed 14,000 field inspections and 1,000 Federal investigations for unleaded
fuels and completed 300 Federal enforcement cases. In 1982, the Agency performed
25 SEA, 612 recall tests, and completed 42 recall Investigations.
A-94
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Water Quality
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HATER QUALITY WQ-1.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research..... WQ-9
Municipal Wastewater WQ-21
Industrial Wastewater WQ-30
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Qua!i ty State Programs Management WQ-39
State Programs Management.... WQ-41
Great Lakes Program ,. WQ-46
Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Study WQ-47
Effluent Standards 4 Guidelines WQ-50
Grants Assistance Program , WQ-55
Clean Lakes Program . WQ-56
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) WQ-57
Training Grants (Section 104) , VQ-59
Water Quality Strategies Implementation... , WQ-60
Dredge & Fill WQ-63
Ocean Disposal Permits. , , WQ-63
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention........... WQ-66
Standards & Regulations , WQ-67
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis.. ... WQ-70
Municipal Source Control. , WQ-74
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction................. WQ-77
Corps of Engi neers WQ-81
Waste Treatment Operations 4 Maintenance...., WQ-82
NEPA Compliance - Municipal Hastewater Treatment
Facil i ty Construction WQ-83
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement WQ-85
Water Quality Enforcement.... ,...,..,..,,.... WQ-86
Water Quality Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel WQ-89
Water Quail ty Permi t Issuance...;.... WQ-90
WQ-1
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WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Research 4 Development
Operations, Research &
Facilities
TOTAL, Water Quality
$101,729.5 $92,084.7 $95,940.0 $83,728.8 -$12,211.2
$116,797.7 $85,029.3 $108,861.0 $61,324.0 -$47,537.0
$31,719,0 18,851.7 $11,197.9 $6,316.5 -$4,881.4
$700.0
$250,946.2 $185,965.7 5215,998,9 $151,369.3 -$64,629.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,271.9 1,849.5 1,950.6 1,662.9 -287.7
2,671.1 2,292.0 2,379.3 2,065.5 -313.8
$314,122.0 $212,285.5 $255,108.0 $205,682.0 -$49,426.0
$292,983.0
WQ-2
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WATER QUALITY
QVERVI_EW AND STRATEGY
The Agency derives its water quality objectives from two statutes: the Clean
Water Act and the .Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act. Both laws direct
the Agency, and the States, to take measures to protect the Nation's waters so as
to safeguard public health, recreational use, and aquatic life.
The Agency's charge under the Clean Hater Act is to meet the goals of clean
water through the use of the following mechanisms: (1) making regulatory decisions
based on sound, comprehensive scientific and technical assessments; (2) implementing
control measures directly, or indirectly through State and local programs; (3) pro-
viding technical, managerial, and administrative assistance to State programs, as
well as overviewing them; and (4) providing financial assistance to supplement
State and local resources.
The Clean Water Act relies on a well-defined partnership between EPA and
the States. For example, many of EPA's statutorily mandated programs can be dele-
gated to the States, including the permitting authority prescribed under Section
iQ2 of the Act, known as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES). States may also sign delegation agreements to administer the construction
qrants program. In the water quality standards program, the Agency develops water
quality criteria based on scientific judgments, the States adopt stream standards
defining designated uses and site-specific criteria to protect those uses, and EPA
reviews the State standards.
The Act envisions a dual approach to pollution control: the technology-
based approach, which uses nationally prescribed effluent limitations to achieve
effluent reductions, and the water quality based approach, which is used to set
permit limits based on the water quality problems in a specific stream.
The Agency has made considerable progress toward implementing Best Available
Technology Economically Achievable guidelines (BAT). We are now meeting all pro-
posal and promulgation dates set in an explicit court-ordered schedule and have
proposed 13 BAT guidelines and promulgated 11 more as of December 31, 1982. To
date, EPA and the States have focused primarily on permitting through the technol-
ogy-based approach, although water quality based permitting has been used to some
extent. In accordance with legislative Intent, the Agency will continue to issue
permits based on BAT toxic pollutant limitations. Similarly, the States and EPA
are working to bring about compliance with the technology-based limit of secondary
treatment for municipal treatment plants.
Water quality based controls are necessary in those cases where technology-
based limits are not completely successful, by themselves, in meeting State water
quality standards. The Agency recognizes that the water quality based approach
must be more vigorously pursued and will work with the States in developing and
implementing this approach. The States and EPA will focus on priority waterbodies
within each State to protect and maintain designated uses.
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act authorizes the Agency to
develop criteria for the ocean disposal of materials based on a number of statutory
factors including environmental consideration and the need to use the ocean as a
waste disposal medium. The Agency is also authorized to designate sites for .those
materials and issues permits for all nondredged materials. Although the Corps of
Engineers is responsible for issuing permits for dredged material, EPA must review
those applications for consistency with Agency-issued environmental criteria.
"wq-3
-------
Within these two legislative authorities the water program strategy is to
encourage State assumption and maintenance of water programs while focusing on the
following priority areas:
- Promulgating remaining court-ordered effluent guidelines;
- Issuing NPDES permits in accordance with statutory requirements, insuring
that these permits are based on sound scientific analysis, are complied
with, and are not subject to frequent change;
- Improving the compliance of publicly owned treatment works, focusing on the
Agency's municipal compliance strategy;
- Examining and developing State programs for making water quality based
decisions through ranking and updating priority waterbodies, analyzing the
attainability of standards, and conducting analyses of total maximum daily
loads 1n connection with wasteload allocations;
- Implementing a sound marine protection program that will coordinate programs
for ocean dumping, incineration at sea, Section 301(h) marine waivers, and
Section 403(c) ocean discharges;
- Awarding construction grants that support State priorities and that are
within the financial capability of the communities served;
- Responding to spills of oil and other petroleum products; and
- Implementing reforms in the dredge and fill program under Section 404
of the Clean Water Act.
Encompassing these areas is the continuing goal of ensuring that research and
development provides timely analysis, information, and analytical techniques that
are relevant and useful to the water program office and to the States.
Meeting Schedules for Effluent Guidelines
The Agency is meeting the revised court schedule for proposing and promul-
gating effluent guidelines. Thirteen regulations have been proposed and eleven
more have been promulgated. The remaining guidelines will be promulgated by 1984.
The guidelines will be used by the Agency and the States in developing toxics
limitations for industrial dischargers. Activities in 1984 will also include
support of litigation involving the guidelines that have already been issued and
support to Regional and State permit writers for issuance of BAT permits.
Issuing NPOES Permits
The major focus of the NPDES permit program will be the reduction of the back-
loa of permits to be Issued by the Environmental Protection Agency. Primary
emphasis will be on the Issuance of expired major Industrial permits, using BAT
guidelines to impose toxic limitations, and on implementation of the National
Municipal Policy. Major municipal permits will have to be reissued as a result of
Section 301(h) marine discharge waivers,, 301(1) extensions, pretreatment require-
ments, and revisions to the secondary treatment standards. EPA will continue to
process requests for ocean discharge waivers and to process permits resulting from
waiver determinations. The Agency will continue to support the development of new
State programs for administration of the NPOES program and necessary program
modifications by States already having MPDES authority. We expect two additional
States will assume NPDES program authority in 1984, while an additional eight
States will receive program approval to modify their programs to take on authority
for pretreatment and/or Federal facility permitting.
WQ-4
-------
Promoting Compliance with NPDES Permits
Major emphasis will continue in 1984 on improving the compliance rate of
nunicipal permittees, concentrating particularly where health and water quality
problems result from noncompliance. Our goal will be to assure that Federally
funded treatment facilities are properly operated and maintained and, in the case
of noncompliance, that municipalities take adequate steps to correct deficiencies
in design or operations and maintenance. Where significant noncompliance per-
sists, EPA will take administrative enforcement action and, if necessary, refer
the matter for formal action by the Agency's Office of Legal and Enforcement Coun-
sel (OLEC).
To support this initiative, we will make use of performance audits and visits
to identify causes of noncompliance. Also, EPA will maintain a source inventory
for the highest priority Federally funded minor municipal treatment plants and for
inspection of Federally funded municipal minors. This information is required to
help us evaluate the effectiveness of the construction grants and compliance pro-
grans .
Resources will also be devoted to maintaining the relatively high rate of
industrial compliance (88%). Data will continue to be collected and processed
on industrial performance, and compliance inspections will occur where there is
significant noncompliance. Persistent noncompliance will be subjected to admin-
istrative enforcement action and may be referred to OLEC for judicial action.
The industrial wastewater research program will provide support for the MPDES
permit program by providing quality assurance for industrial effluent monitoring
activities and research on improved analytical techniques.
Implementing the Water Quality Based Approach
The 1984 abatement and control program will emphasize the water quality based
approach to water pollution control. Regions will help States to update their
list of priority waterbodies, conduct use-attainability analyses, and review and
modify as necessary water quality standards. The water monitoring program will
support this approach by working with States to improve the quality of monitoring
data generated by the States, local governments, and industry. The program will
also provide techniques for the States to use in conducting wasteload allocations,
which are critical to the establishment of appropriate water quality based
controls.
The research program will refine, develop, and validate protocols for adapting
water quality criteria to site-specific field applications and will upgrade and
validate the field models needed to identify water quality limited stream reaches
and to calculate wasteload allocations.
Implementing a Marine Protection Program
In 1984, the ocean disposal program will consist of a more comprehensive,
scientifically supported effort designed to consider the ocean as a waste manage-
ment alternative for certain wastes at certain sites. The major focus of this
program will be to implement a coordinated marine resources strategy that will
identify the relationship between ocean dumping, ocean discharge, incineration at
sea, and 301(h) waivers to effectively manage the disposal of waste in the ocean.
If appropriate legislation is approved by Congress in 1983, the Agency will im-
plement a user fee system for disposal of waste at sea.
The basic objectives are 1) to develop an improved scientific capability to
predict the effects of ocean dumping of materials; 2) to review ocean disposal as
a waste management alternative; 3) to manage .an.environmentally sound incineration-
at-sea program cooperatively with the Hazardous Waste program operating under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and 4) to establish a better scientific
basis for evaluating the range of sludge disposal optionsIncluding ocean dumping.
WQ-5
-------
The research program will develop and validate techniques for assessing the
impact of ocean disposal of wastes; develop monitoring techniques to evaluate the
long-term effects of ocean disposal; and evaluate the trade-offs of alternative
treatment technologies with respect to environmental effects of alternative levels
of treatment in support of the ocean disposal program. In addition, short-term
tests developed to assess health and environmental risks and effects will be
used to assess complex mixtures.
Managing Construction Grants
EPA activities in the construction grants program will continue to move away
from direct project management, reflecting the fact that EPA will have fully dele-
gated the program to 3.6 States by the end of 1984. In 1984, the Agency will,
however, continue to ensure that Federal construction dollars are appropriately
managed and that the construction grants program meets its statutory responsi-
bilities in both delegated and nondelegated States.
EPA will continue to ensure that limited funds are focused on priority
projects with the greatest water quality and health impact; on local financial
capability and implementation of least costly wastewater treatment approaches;
on el iminating backlogs in project completions and closeouts; on effective perfor-
mance of newly completed treatment facilities; on prevention of waste, fraud, and
mismanagement; and on effective management of delegated and nondelegated responsi-
bilities by States, the Corps of Engineers, and EPA.
The municipal wastewater research program will focus on post-construction
evaluations of innovative and alternative treatment technologies for the construc-
tion grants program. Related to both the construction grant and marine protection
programs, the research program will focus on developing more effective sludge
treatment methods to enhance the utilization of sludge for a broad range of
uses as well as reducing volumes of sludge expected from construction of new
systems. Health research will continue to address the health implications asso-
ciated with land treatment of wastewater and land application of sludge. Efforts
in scientific assessment will be used to develop and implement methodologies for
health hazard/risk assessment evaluations of sludge disposal options.
Maintaining Emergency Response Capability
The envirormental emergency response program will continue to maintain a 24
hour per day capability to receive notice of and respond to major incidents of
accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products (spills of hazardous
substances are covered under Superfund). Removal actions will be directed by
Regional field personnel at 120 serious incidents where the responsible party is
unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is incapable of providing adequate removal,
and where State or local authorities lack appropriate expertise or resources. The
cleanup monitoring program will continue to provide incentive for adequate removal
by the responsible party, as well as serve as a mechanism for drawing State and
local agencies into directing removal themselves. The Agency's focus in 1984 will
be on encouraging State and local governments to assume a greater share of the
responsibility for responding to oil spills. Federal resources, therefore, will
be concentrated on major actions where State, local, or private response Is not
feasible..
Reforming the Dredge and Fill Program
The major effort in 1984 will be to implement program reforms, consistent with
those identified by the President's Task Force on Regulatory Relief, to make the
Section 404 program more effective and efficient and to review individual and gener-
al permits, preapplication consultation, activities for 404(c) actions, and early
planning and review for Environmental Impact Statements. Regions will assist
States with planning and development of program proposals for transferring the 404
program. This request will include managing State program development grants,
presubmittal consultation, review of submissions, and coordination with other
agencies. In addition, assistance and oversight will be provided for States
that have assumed the program.
UQ-6
-------
WATER QUALITY
Increase
Budget Current Decrease
Program Activities
Effluent Guidelines (cumulative)
Promulgated!
Ocean Dumping Permits
Step 1 Awards.
Step 2 Awards.
Step 3 and 2+3 Awards
Active Construction Grants Projects
Step 3 and Step 2+3 Project
Completions
Signed 205(g)- Agreements
State Program Approvals, National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System ( NPDES)
Adjudicatory Hearings Settled-
Actual
1982
3
5
38
. 586
. (26)
. (36)
. (524)
8,346
.1,290
46
35
. 74
Estimate
1983
14
16
40
661
( 661 )
5,715
1,250
46
37
76
Estimate
1983
17
20
40
771
(771)
6,446
1,136
49
36
76
Estimate
1984
18
29
55
597
.
(597)
4,764
1,200
49
38
76
1984 vs
1983
+1
+9
+15
-174
(-174)
-1,682
+64
o
+2
0
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal-
Major 84
Minor 235
Non-municipal
Major 81
Mi nor 679
General..... 2
Enforcement Actions
Notices of Violation
(Administrative Orders).*...... 389
Compliance Inspections. ...1,763
Cl ean Lakes Projects Awarded. ,20
Clean Lakes Projects Completed 30
51
10?
181
+79
280 274 300 +26
"Is "26 58 +32
760
2,974
0
40
760
2,275
15
35
673
1,978
0
40
-87
-297
-15
+5
WQ-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT
Hater Quality Research.. ., ., VIQ-9
Municipal Wastewater. WQ-21
Industrial Wastewater.. WQ-3Q
WQ-8
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Great Lakes Research
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
$750.1
S832.1
$1 , 582 . 2
$180.8
$21.0
$201.8
32,558.3
$91 0.2
$3,468.5
$982.7
$2,033.2
$3,015.9
-
$7,160.4
$2,645.8
$9,806.2
$905.9
$1,501.5
$2,407.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$541.1
S100.0
$641.1
$230.1
$100.0
$330.1
$2 , 057 . 9
$2,057.9
SI ,.096. 8
$200.0
$1,296.8
$6,217.4
$500.0
$6,717.4
$541.1
$100.0
$641.1-
$2,057.9
$276.2
$2,334.1
$1,096.8
$200.0
$1,296.8
$96.3
S96.3
36,217.4
$1,500.0
37,717.4
$1,000.0
$1,500.0
$2,500.0
$197.5
$100.0
$297.5
$1,887.6
3425.0
$2,312.6
$420.7
3420.7
$225.0
$225.0
S6, 424.1
$2,507.5
$8,931.6
-$343,6
-$343.6
-$170.3
$148.8
-$21. 5
-$676.1
-$200.0
-$876.1
$128.7
$128.7
$206.7
$1,007.5
$1,214.2
-$1,000.0
-$1,500.0
-$2,500.0
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$12,538.2', $10,143.3 $11,009.5
$7,943.8 $900.0 $3,576.2
$9,154.9 -$1,854.6
$3,032.5 -$543.7
Water Quality Research TOTAL $20,482.0 $11,043.3 $14,585.7 $12,187.4-$2,398.3
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
9.5
"5.5
5.5
1.5
-4.0
MQ-9
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Environmental Processes
4 Effects
Great Lakes Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
4 Effects
Great Lakes Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS
2.3
44.1
12.2
135.8
3.9
207.8
17.8
3.4
60.6
17.6
179.4
4.8
283.6 '
IN THOUSANDS)
1.5
33.7
13.0
112.6
166.3
13.0
2.2
44.9
19.1
184.0
263.2
33.4
13.0
2.9
112.1
8.0
174.9
13.0
44.6
18.1
2.9
175.0
8.0
261.6
30.7 -2.7
3.0 -10.0
2.9
112.1
-8.0
150.2 -24.7
4.0 -9.0
38.9 -5.7
6.1 -12.0
4.1 1.2
183.5 8.5
-8.0
236.6 -25.0
WQ-10
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
MygrrQu^uts/Mi1estgnes JffiL... 1983 1984
Develop and Standardize
Monitoring and Measurement
Methods to Support Water
Quality Programs.
- Evaluate the enforcement potential 6/82 4/83 8/84
of protocols for toxic effluents
of metals to aquatic biota. (Monitoring)
- Standardize four fresh- 6/82
water bioassays with four
reference toxicants. (Monitoring)
Provide Quality Assurance to
Support Water Quality Programs.
- Provide calibration materials 9/82 9/83 9/84
water quality monitoring, (Monitoring)
- Develop reference toxicants using 6/82 6/83 6/84
microinvertebrates, macroinvertebrates
and vertebrates. (Monitoring)
Develop the Scientific Data to
Support the Water Quality-Based
Approach to Pollution Control.
- Methods for the derivation of 6/82
site-specific water quality
criteria. (Env. Processes)
- Report describing usefulness and 9/83 9/83
implementation of "regional" use-
attainability approaches.
(Env. Processes)
- Assistance in modifying or determining 9/82 9/83 9/84
health criteria/standards for site-
specific situations. (Scientific
Assessment)
- Develop guidelines for exposure 4 8/84 8/84 8/84
to chemical mixtures. (Scientific
Assessment)
- Evaluate the use of the minimum data 9/83 9/83
set concept in the derivation of site-
specific criteria. (Scientific -
Assessment)
Report on the biological significance 9/84 9/84 9/84
of contaminated sediment, assessment
methods and use as criteria. (Env.
Processes)
WQ-11
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Qutj_u_ts/Hj_1_estgnes 1982 1983 19841-
- Report on the feasibility of using a 6/83 6/83
generic toxicity approach for waste-
load allocation. (Env. Processes)
- Provide revision of swimming water 12/84 12/84 12/84
criteria to consider "clumps" of
pathogens and resistant bacteria.
(Health Effects)
- Provide health effects bioassay 6/86 6/86 6/86
methods manual for determining
stream wasteload allocations.
(Health Effects)
- Wasteload allocation users manual 9/84 9/84 9/84
for metals. (Env. Processes)
Develop the Scientific Data
to Support an Environmentally
Sound Ocean Disposal Program.
- Technical guidance document on ocean 6/33 6/83
dumping site characterization.
(Env. Processes)
- Hazard assessment protocol for 9/86 9/86 9/86
evaluating ocean dumping impacts.
(Env. Processes)
- Persistence and fate of pollutants 9/85 9/85 9/85
in marine food webs. (Env. Processes)
Great Lakes Research
- Report on algal available phosphorus 4/83 4/83
in suspended sediments. (Env. Processes)
- Protocol for field assessment of 4/83 4/83
watershed exposure, dose and effects.
(Env. Processes)
- Evaluations of Site-Specific Guidelines 9/83 9/83
for three sites in the Great Lakes.
{Env. Processes)
WQ-12
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 312,187,400 and 150.2 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $2,398,300 and 24.7 permanent workyears from 1983. Included 1n
this total are $9,154,900 for Salaries and Expenses and $3,032,500 for Research and
Development, with decreases of $1,854,600 and $543,700 respectively. The decrease
occurs mainly in the Great Lakes research and health effects program elements.
Program Description
Over the next several years, technology-based controls will largely be in
place. Technology-based standards, however, will not achieve desirable water
quality in all stream segments. In these cases, the Clean Water Act (CWA) provides
for the establishment of effluent limitations based on water quality. A site-
specific criteria approach will be encouraged to reflect local environmental condi-
tions. States may also conduct a use-attainability analysis to consider fully
the environmental and economic factors affecting the attainment of their water
quality standards. The Environmental Protection Agency's research and development
program will provide the scientific and technical base to help States develop
site-specific standards to control pollutants and will conduct use-attainability
analyses.
There is increasing interest in making safe use of the oceans for the disposal
of wastes. This approach requires a capability to predict the impacts of ocean
disposal, evaluate alternative disposal options, select appropriate disposal sites
for a given waste, and detect disposal problems in order to make rational, scientif-
ically supported regulatory decisions. The ocean disposal research program is
structured to provide critical information for the development of a responsive and
scientifically valid ocean disposal waste management program.
The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Develop and Stamtordlze Monitpring and Measurement Methods to
Support Water Quarity 'i'rggraMs.This activity provides tfieStates and Toca'Titfe's
wi tn as si stance and a scientific and technical data base with which to carry out
effective site-specific monitoring surveys in fresh and marine waters. This re-
search develops and standardizes cost-effective monitoring and measurement methods
needed for identifying toxic pollution problems, for concurrently evaluating stream
flow and effluent variabilities and their combined effects on achieving designated
water uses, and for evaluating compliance with ambient water quality standards and
permit requirements.
Objective 2.^ Prgvidf Quali ty Assurance to Support Watfr^yal ity Programs.
This researchide^iopT'and^stahdal-dizw'qualTty''assurance mefnotfs.ItTfso^provTdes
continuing basic quality control materials and guidance. Additionally, the adequacy
of analytical procedures are determined to assure the quality of the gathered data.
Objective 3. Develop the Scientific DatatoSupport jthe Water Quality-Based
Approach to Pollution Control. The-"objectivesTof''this research7"are to provide the
necessary scientifie' tools', such as site-specific protocols, waste!oad allocation
models, short-term bioassays, and hazard assessments, to enable the program office
and States to implement the water quality-based approach to pollution control.
WQ-13
-------
Objective 4. Develop the Scientific Data to Support an EnvironmentallySound
Ocean Disposal Program. This program area develops and val1 dates protocols needed
by EPA for predicting impacts from ocean disposal, making hazard assessments,
selecting dumpsites, and developing blomonitoring techniques for estimating and
documenting ecological impacts from the discharge of wastes into the ocean and for
identifying acceptable disposal practices. The generated data will be used to
regulate ocean disposal practices.
SCIEMTIFICASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $297,500 and 1.5 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $197,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $100,000 is for Research
and Development. This decrease of $343,600" in the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation reflects a lower need for risk assessment support for the development of
criteria for the consent decree pollutants since major research efforts 1n this
area have been completed.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support the Water Quaility-BasedApproach to
Po 11 u tlon ControTt Activ1ti₯s In 'this research effort" wiTT revise"aria finalfze
guidelTnes for assessing risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic chemicals
and will evaluate site-specific health hazards as required by the States and EPA.
These activities will Include health assessments and minimum criteria reports.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $641,100 and 5.5 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $541,100 Is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $100,000 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Develop the Scientific Data to Supportthe! Water'Quality-Based Approach to
Pollution Control. SuideTlnes for evaluating avail able health data associated'
with human exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals are being developed. Mini-
criteria (I.e., maximum safe concentrations as indicated by a minimum data set)
for preliminary hazard assessments are being developed in Heu of full criteria.
Updates of existing guidelines and methodology are being Initiated In 1983.
1983 E xp 1 anartl on of Changes f rom Bu dget Es tl mate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 AccompllshTOnts
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,582,200 for this program, of which
$750,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $832,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Develop theScientific Data to Support the Water Quality-Based Approach to
Pollution ContfopEfforts were initiated to expand exlstirtg guidelines and meth-
₯doToTgTes to Tnclude protocols for estimating risk to human health from exposure to
complex mixtures of chemicals. Four workshops were conducted to address Issues
relevant to risk assessment methodology, i.e., threshold vs. non-threshold car-
cinogens. Draft Interim criteria summary statements were developed for 12 noncori-
ventlonal pollutants for use in updating the Water Quality Criteria. A report
was prepared relating water quality factors to toxldty or b1oavailab111ty of
pollutants to man.
WQ-14
-------
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982_Accompl jshments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $201,800 for this program, of which
S180.800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $21,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research an.d Development appropriation, This activ-
ity, which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the
Intermedia program in 1983. Thus, the P rogram D es crip ti on, 1984 Program Request,
1983, Program, and 1982 Accomplishments narrative sections appear there. : ::
MONITORING SYSTEMSAND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S2,312,600 and 30.7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,887,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and $425,000 is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $170,300 and increase of
$148,800 respectively. The decrease reflects a decision to proceed more slowly
on the standardization and field evaluation of innovative, long-term bioassay and
stream survey protocols. The increase will provide additional support for standard-
ization of analyses of priority pollutants.
Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Support Water
Qua!i ty progi ramsT The Agency needs to improve the scientific and technical data
base necessary to carry out effective site-specific intensive monitoring surveys.
Additionally, the Agency needs to further validate chemical methods capable of
monitoring toxicologically significant pollution concentrations in ambient waters.
A toxicity monitoring protocol will be developed to assist the allocation of waste-
loads among dischargers to a particular water body.
Research on chemical measurement methods will focus on the development and
standardization of measurement and quality assurance methods for priority toxic
pollutants, especially in areas for which no standard methods now exist, viz.,
bottom sediments, fish tissue, and marine water. EPA will work on increasing the
sensitivity of methods for toxic metals in water to permit measurements of specific
forms of metals at concentrations down to the laboratory derived criteria values.
Research on biological monitoring methods will emphasize: development and standard-
dilation of methods for screening high concentrations of toxic pollutants in ambient
waters; development of quality assurance procedures to analyze chronic and acute
toxicological effects; and standardization of microbial and viral sampling and
analysis methods. Research on physical measurement methods will concentrate on
documenting the validity, accuracy, and precision of sampling and flow-sensing
equipment.
Prpvi de Qua 1 i ty As su ranee to S u p port Mate r Qu a1ityP rograms. Quality control
calibrationi ma tier ials will continue to be provided In support of fresh and marine
water quality monitoring. Standardization of virus sample preservation and assay
procedures will continue. Flow measurement will be evaluated in field trials. A
computer software system will be expanded to cover new sample types that shortly
will be ready for distribution for quality control, calibration, and/or audits.
1983 Program ;
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,334,100 and 33,4 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,057,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $276,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
WQ-15
-------
Develop and Stanclardfze Hom'torlng and Measurement Methods to Support Mater
Qual 1 ty Progranjsl RapT3 and inexpensive bacterial mutagerilcTty/carcinogenlcity
tests are oeing developed and standardized. Work will continue to evaluate and
improve existing effluent toxicity tests. Extraction and clean up procedures for
organic priority pollutants are being developed for contaminated sediments. Field
measurement techniques, design procedures, and strategies are being refined through
site-specific surveys. The design of the national water quality monitoring network
is being evaluated to determine the relationship between a fixed station network to
intensive site surveys.
P rovi de Quajity Assurance to Support Water Qual i tjf_ Prog rams. Calibration mat-
er i .a ll"a?irT>ITnl:fTuriiT"sT^ scale implementation
project using on-site quality assurance evaluations is being made as part of the
mandatory quality assurance program. Analytical protocols are being standardized
for: dredged material, chemical speciation, sediment sampling and site-specific
surveys. An enzyme technique is being evaluated for use in monitoring freshwater
pollution problems caused by metals, pesticides, and other organic contaminants.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estiniajte
The net increase of +$276,200 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$276,200) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Re-
search "aria Devel opineht appr opr 1 ation for priority activities at the discretion
of the Agency. This specific increase supports the Agency's quality assurance
initiative in relation to sampling and survey design.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,468,500 for this program, of which
52,558,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $910,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Support Mater
Quality ^ograms. In 1982, reference methods were pub lisded for chlorinated or-
ganlcs as "a i etas s , and four freshwater biological indicators of toxicity. Fresh-
water monitoring methods for pesticides and other organic chemicals have been
adapted for seawater use. A method for recovering virus from sludges has been
published and a method for enumerating virus attached to waterborne material has
been developed. Aerial imagery for spill prevention planning and impact assess-
ment of wetlands damage, land use and water quality status along the Alaskan pipline
was developed for use in enforcement support and emergency response.
P rovjde Qua! i ty Assurance to Support Water Qug.H ty Programs. Performance
evaluations of landilibry Duality assurance I programs f were completed at approximately
400 laboratories. New calibration samples were developed for a variety of sub-
stances. The program continued to furnish quality control samples of organic com-
pounds for 95 of the 109 Consent Decree organic pollutants. Over 9000 of these
samples were distributed during the year.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $420,700 and 3.0 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which Is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a decrease of
$576,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $200,000 In
the Research and Development appropriation. This decrease reflects the completion
of major health research efforts that supported the development of the water quality
criteria documents pertaining to the Consent Decree priority pollutants. Some of
the resources In this program have been shifted to the Drinking Water health effects
research program to support the Office of Water's efforts to consolidate the consid-
eration of water-related issues under the direction of the Drinking Water office.
WQ-16
-------
Oevel op the Scientific,Data to Support the Water Quality-Based Approach to
PolluTTon Control. the "Agency has identified specific sites7 where high concentra-
tionsof wa te rbo r ne pollutants are of particular concern. Investigators will use
existing short-term health tests for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproduc-
tive effects to determine whether or not a site receiving a large number of
chemical contaminants is a public health risk. Research will focus on developing
and evaluating test methods for toxicity in complex mixtures.
198.3 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 51,296,800 and 13.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,096,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5200,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support the Water Quality-Based Approach to
Po 11 utnon Control. A goal of the Clean Water Act is to develop water quality ade-
quate for recreation. The existing recreational water quality criteria are based
on the limited data available in 1968. To support the review and the revision of
the existing recreational water quality criteria, a freshwater recreational water
quality criteria document is being developed based on dose-response data for human
infectious disease. The research on toxicological and dose-response data needed
for implementation of Section 304 of the CWA is being completed for eight compounds.
1983 Explanation of Changes fromBudget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,015,900 for this program, of which
5982,700 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,033,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Develop appropriation.
Develop the Scientific Data to ^Support n the Water < Quality-Based.ir.Ap_proac-h to
Pollutioni ContrpTr Res64>c'h~ytud^₯sJof"t^"repr^dtK:'trve' effects of se'TectSd 'org'ariTc
poi 1 utari'ts fiaVe ""Wen completed. Studies on microbial sampling variables and recre-
ational water quality standards have been published.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 3225,000 and 2.9 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects an increase of
$128,700* This increase results from Increased emphasis on ocean disposal related
research.
Develop the Scienti fic Data to Support an Envi ronmentany'Sound Ocean Pi sposal
Program. This in-house research program'Wll correlate sludgeT'lreatSent levels with
environmental quality for use in determining appropriate treatment levels for
sludge prior to ocean dumping as well as treatment levels for wastes discharged
through ocean outfalls.
1983Program ,
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $96,300 and 2.9 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Develop the Sc|enti f j c Data to Support an !_ny,1J^>Pj?j?!rt.a 11 y Sound Ocean 01 sposal
Prpgraim. ' stutfies of technology issues related to>" ocean 'disposal"aire'"6eTh9 '(nitiated.
ErapMsTs is being given to sludge characterization and correlating the levels of
sludge treatment to environmental impacts in the ocean.
WQ-17
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1983 Expl anatjon of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +596,300 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-(-$96,300) This increase Includes +96,300 of the
$10,5 rail 11 on Salaries ~ and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1 982 Ace omp 1 i shmen ts
In 1982, the Agency did not obligate any resources for this program for research
related to the ocean disposal of wastes.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,931,600 and 1.12.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 56,424,100 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $2,507,500 1s
for Research and Development. This reflects increases of $206,700 and $1,007,500,
respectively. These Increases result from increased efforts to support a water
3uali ty-based regulatory approach and to support an environmentally sound ocean
isposal program.
Develop the Scientific : Data to Support the ...... Water .Qu8]J..^B_a.K_d Appj^oa_ch to
Pollution Control, rh e Agency fs ' mo vl ng tbwa rd ' i mplemeh ta tTon of a si te-spec : 1 f f c
approach for States to define water quality standards. Under this approach, the
States will address the need for site-specific water quality criteria and will
translate water quality standards into allowable loads for dischargers 1n some
Stream segments. Research will be undertaken to develop, test and transfer proce-
dures to States to determine site-specific criteria. Newly developed site-specific
criteria guidelines will be evaluated ami refined in conjunction with developing
more precise wasteload allocation models. T.hese models will focus on toxic chem-
icals and transfer of pollutants between sediments and the water column. Addition-
ally, research will concentrate on developing a generic protocol for allocating
wasteload toxiclty and continue to provide support to the Center for Water Quality
Modeling.
Develop the Scientific PjJI to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal
The '
Program! The Agency's ocean research disposal program has two components, ocean"
^Jumping and ocean outfall discharges. The ocean dumping research component will
provide scientifically sound criteria for the determination of unreasonable 'degra-
dation and Irreparable harm to potential dumping sites. Protocols for the charac-
terization of wastes proposed for ocean dumping will be developed. Research will
also develop hazard assessment protocols to permit a better evaluation of the
Impacts of ocean dumping. These will Include: procedures for estimating the
severity of ecological changes and procedures for determining the transport and
fate of ocean dumped wastes. Other research efforts will include development of
biological procedures to monitor dumpsltes for long-term effects and evaluation of
procedures to be used In characterizing and designating dumpsltes.
The ocean outfall discharge research'component will provide assistance to the
Office of Water in the review of applications and monitoring information under
Section 301(h) of CWA for modifications to the mandatory secondary treatment
requirement for ocean discharges of municipal wastes. Specific research efforts
will include: developing techniques for characterizing sediment conditions, assess-
ing ecological Impacts near outfalls for setting permit conditions, and developing
protocols for characterizing the movement and persistence of pollutants common
to ocean outfalls. Research will also develop Information for use 1n determining
monitoring requirements and will assess the significance of changes 1n the marine
environment.
.WQ-18
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,717,400 and 112.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $6,217,400 is under-the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 51,500,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support the Water Quality-Based Approach to
Pollution Control. The development of protocols fpr determining the nature of
chemical pollutants and their impact on aquatic ecosystems under different environ-
mental conditions is continuing. Bioassessment methods for determining biological
conditions of water bodies are also being developed to facilitate establishment of
use-attainability assessment procedures. Revised aquatic criteria for ammonia and
chlorine are being prepared.
The mathematical models that have been developed for identifying water quality
limited stream segments and for making waste!oad allocations of most conventional
pollutants are being field validated. Existing models for making wasteload alloca-
tions are being expanded to address toxic pollutants both in water and in sediments.
Results from this research effort will allow the prediction of environmental con-
centrations of pollutants resulting from alternative levels of toxic control.
The development of bioassay methods for quantifying efficiency of toxics removal
of industrial treatment processes are being conducted at pilot-scale facilities.
Additionally, bioassays are being evaluated for use in measuring ttie toxicity of
complex mixtures of pollutants.
Develop the Scientific Dafra to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal
ProgranuTechniques for measuring the impacts of ocean disposed materials on marine
organisms are being refined. Techniques for estimating the impact of dredged
material dumped in the ocean are being refined and field validated. Biological
techniques for monitoring long-term impacts on dumpsites are being developed and
validated. This effort is being coordinated with the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration and the Corps of Engineers.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$1,000,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$1,000,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Re-
search andDevelopment appropriation for priority activities at the discretion
of the Agency. A specific increase of +$500,000 supports the verification of
Section 3Ql(h) ocean discharge Impact prediction techniques and an increase of
+$500,000 supports ocean dumping hazard assessment protocols.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $9,806,200 for this program, of which
$7,160,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,645,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support the Water Quality-Based Approach to
Poll ution Control JThe draft methodology; guidelines for the derivation of site-
spec 1 fie water qua 1 ity criteria were completed as was the water quality criteria
document for dissolved oxygen. An updated users manual for the basin scale analysis
techniques to address water quality limited reaches was completed. A report was
also completed on the application and evaluation of water quality model sets for the
analysis of best management practices, land runoffs, and instream and estuary anal-
ysis.
Develop the Scientific Data toSupport anEnvironmental1y SoundOcean Disposal
Program. An oceandumping research program was initiated.Guidelinesfbr'Triterpre-
ting results of bioacumulation studies of pollutants from dredged material were
completed. This helped to resolve an issue involving the ocean dumping of contami-
nated dredged material in the New York Bight. A benthic bioassay procedure which
can be used to evaluate the impact of ocean disposal was field validated. A 301(h)
WQ-19
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technical support document was revised to make it easier for small communities to
complete the technical/scientific requirements of a 301(h) application.
GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
1984 Program Request
EPA believes that although earmarked funding for the Great Lakes research
program is not being requested, the Agency will provide adequate research support
to the International Great Lakes Agreement with Canada. We will continue to main-
tain our Great Lakes National Program Office in Region V and provide technical
assistance to the Great Lakes States, Region V and the International Joint Commis-
sion in the areas of model predictions, wasteload allocation, ecosystem responses,
etc., utilizing current knowledge, expertise, and models. We feel that it is not
necessary to maintain a separate and distinct Great Lakes research program since
we can integrate any needs associated with the Great Lakes into the overall envi-
ronmental research program. Such overall research which would be applicable to
the Great Lakes includes: the development and verification of site-specific water
quality criteria; the establishment of use-attainability assessment procedures;
and the development and field validation of wasteload allocation models. It is
important that our Agency develop information and solutions to national problems
that can be transferred for application in the local area. Moreover, since the
Agency has conducted many comprehensive studies concerning the pollution problems
1n the Great Lakes, the emphasis will be on utilizing the data in these studies
to implement pollution abatement measures. For these reasons, the Agency is not
allocating any funds in 1984 for its research facility in Grosse He, Michigan
and Is planning to close the facility at the end of 1983.
1983 .Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,500,000 and 8.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,000,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,500,000 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research in site-specific water quality criteria, eutrophlcation, and ecolo-
gical assessment is being conducted and technical support is being provided to the
International Joint Commission and U.S./Canada Water Quality Board for the Great
Lakes. An intensive field study of a watershed of the Great Lakes is being conducted
to determine exposure, dose and effects on environmental populations by evaluating
exposure potential, exposure experience, critical dose, and observed effects based
on biological epidemiology.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$2,500,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action,. (+$2,500,000) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +$1,QOO,000'to the"Salaries and Expenses appropriation and +51,500,000 to
the Research and Development appropriation was to retain the laboratory at Grosse
He, Michigan.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,407,400 for this program, of which
$905,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,501,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
A report on the significance and amounts of PCB's and other persistent halo-
genated hydrocarbons that enter Lake Huron from precipitation was completed.
Analysis of data from Saglnaw Bay was completed in which model predictions were
compared with actual water quality improvements that resulted from reductions in
phosphorus loading. In addition, a report on a guidance document for wasteload
allocation methodologies for rivers was completed.
WQ-20
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
E.ST IMATE
1383
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE
1984
INCREASE + '
DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Qual ity Assurance
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
S296.6
$39,7
5336.3
$40.0
$40.0
$783.2
$2,584.0
$3,367.2
$4,890.5
511,602.8
$16,493.3
55,970.3
$14,266.5
$239.1
$280.0
$519.1
$1,018.8 $959.0
$1,232.9 $1,232.9
$2,251.7 $2,191.9
$4,256.9
$4,604.1
$8,861.0
$5,514.8
$6,117.0
$4,256.9
$4,604.1
$8,861.0
$5,215.9
$5,837.0
$83.7
.583.7
$83.7
$83.7
$1,006.9 $47.9
$1,062.9 -$170.0
$2,069.8 -$122.1
$1,324.3 -$2,932.6
$1,784.2 -52,819.9
53,108.5 -$5,752.5
$2,414.9 -52,801.0
$2,847.1 -52,989.9
Municipal Wastewater TOTAL $20,236.8 $11,631.8 511,052.9 $5,262.0 -$5,790.9
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
1.0
1.0
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Technical Information &
Liaison
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
(DOLLARS U
5.2
15.4
96.8
i THOUSANDS:
3.2
15.3
65.9
)
14.3 14.3
65.3 24.2 -41.1
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
117.4
84.4
79.6
39.5 -40.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 2.0 2.0
Technical Information & 7.4 4.8
Liaison
Health Effects ' 20.7 23.7 22.7 21.7 -1.0
Environmental Engineering 111.6 78.1 77.5 27.1 -50.4
& Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS 139.7 106.6 100.2 50.8 -49.4
'WQ-22
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Hastewater
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Haior_^0utputs/H11_es:tgnes 1982 1983 1984
Evaluate and Assess Innovative and
Alternative Technologies to Improve
the Efficiency, Reliability and
Effectiveness of Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Systems.
- Assessment Reports of Emerging technologies
processes. (Env. Tech.) 10/82 9/83 7/84
- Conduct post construction evaluation of
I/A projects and publish reports for
feedback to States, municipalities and
consultants. (Env. Tech.) 9/83 9/84 9/85
- Report on design methods to correct poor
design practices, and Improve cost and
energy savings. (Env, Tech.) 6/84
- Process Design Manual on Wastewater
Disinfection. (Env. Tech.). 9/84 9/84
- Process Design Manual for Wastewater
Stabilization Ponds. (Env. Tech.). 6/83
- Handbook for cost effective treatment
and disposal of septage. (Env. Tech.). 9/83 9/83
- Evaluation of Sewer Rehabilitation
Techniques, (Env. Tech.). 6/84 6/84
- Provide appraisal document on health
aspects of toxic chemicals in land
treatment of wastewater. (Health Effects) 7/84 7/84 7/84
- Demonstration of an airborne real time
television monitor for spill monitoring.
(Monitoring) 9/83
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment,
Utilization and Disposal Methods for
Management of Municipal Sludge.
- Design Manual Land Application of
Sludge. (Env. Tech.). 9/83
- Design Guidelines for Sludge Treatment
Processes. (Env. Tech.) 6/84
- Provide conference proceedings paper
on health appraisal of sludge applica-
tion. (Health Effects) 2/83
- Assess human health hazard/risk assess-
ment methodology and guidelines. (Sci. Assess.) 6/85
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,262,000 and 39.5 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $5,790,900 and 40.1 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total is $2,414,900 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,847,100 for Research
and Development, with decreases of $2,801,000 and $2,989,900 respectively. The
decrease occurs mainly in the environmental engineering and technology program
element. In addition, the decrease reflects the transfer of $917,600 in explora-
tory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Descrl pti on
The Clean Water Act (CHA), as amended in 1977 and particularly in 1981, pro-
vides new incentives to municipalities for using Innovative or alternative (I/A)
technologies in the construction of wastewater treatment plants. Research can
provide information on the capital cost, energy efficiency and performance relia-
bility of emerging innovative treatment processes. The requested documentation
by the States of the benefits and costs of operational, innovative construction
grant projects Is a significant part of this research program and supports the
water quality-based approach to the standards setting and permits issuance pro-
cesses. The following objectives support these goals:
Qbjecti ve 1 . Evaluate and Assess Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technol-
' e lEfft of Mun1cjp.al
' ........ " "''"
^ n i order to mprove te ........ cost efectiveness' "'a'mrper-
formance of mum cl pal treatment plants built by the construction grants program,
the primary objective of the I/A technology research program Is to develop a tech-
nology and health effects data base for direct assistance to States, municipalities
and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regions In applying I/A technologies to
solve their water quality management problems. Currently, all major technological
developments are carried out as cooperative efforts with the Industrial, municipal
or university sectors wherein we rely on industry t;o do the development work while
EPA conducts evaluations to determine applicability to Agency programs.
Objecti ye 2 . Eva! uate and 1 Assess Improved Treatment . U1 ti 1 1 ;ati on and Pi s-
posal Methods for the Management of MunicipaT SI uflp. TRe levels of wastewater
treatment required by the Clean Water Act result in large amounts, about 8 million
dry tons/year, of sludge to be disposed of In an economical and -environmentally
safe manner. Research under this objective provides the support for developing
the Agency's sludge policies, guidelines and regulations under the mandates of
both the Clean Water Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
The objective Is to provide the engineering and health effects Information needed
by the States and municipalities for the effective treatment, use and disposal of
sludges. The research emphasizes minimizing risk and environmental impacts, energy
use and costs associated with sludge management.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $83,700 and 1.0 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This is the
first year for which the Agency is requesting funding for this area.
WQ-24
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Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal Methods for
the Management of MunicipaT Sludge.Methodology .and guidelines For conducting
health hUzard "arid nsk assessment eValuations of sludge disposal options will be
developed. An assessment of the potential health hazards associated with selected
sludge management options will be initiated.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency did not allocate resources to this program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Program
In 1982, the Agency did not obligate resources for this program.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND.LIASON
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $336,300 for this program, of which
$296,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $39,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This
activity, which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated
into the Intermedia program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 1984 Program
Request, 1983 P rogram, and 1982 __Accomp1f s hinents narrative sections appear there.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
No resources are requested for 1984.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency did not allocate resources to this program.
1983 Explanation of Changes ^JMI_,Bjjdg_et^E_st1niat6
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
j 982 Aceompl i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $40,000 for this program, all of
which was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Demonstrate Applications jfjjpnitoring Technol ojy f <3r_Spill Honi'tgring. A
television camera was adapted for airborne use fn"tKe aepl₯f~p«omraT~ssaTcB System,
The device substitutes for the normal film camera and provides real time information
to the ground based on-scene coordinator supporting spill control and restoration
operations.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,069,800 and 14.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,006,900 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $1,062,900 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $47,900 and a decrease
of 5170,000 respectively. The decrease results from the completion of major
WQ-25
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portions of two large studies of the health effects of land treatment of waste-
water. These studies are (1) an epidemiology study of potential adverse health
effects in Lubbock, Texas related to spray application treatment using partially
treated wastewater; and (2) a similar study in Israel of health effects related to
spray application treatment of raw wastewater. The results of these studies will
be used to assess the safety of land treatment processes. The decrease also in-
cludes a transfer of fu'nds from exploratory research to the Intermedia program.
Research emphasis will be shifting to focus on the health effects of land applica-
tion of sludge.
Evaluate and Assess Innovative and Alternate (I/A) Technologies to Improve
the T??ictency._fteli^abi1ity and Effectiveness of HunicipaTTastewater Yreatmehi
Systems. Scientific information is needed to assess the effects on human health
resulting from the exposure to biological and chemical toxicants contained in
wastewater. Also, there is a need for health biomonitoring techniques to provide
complex chemical effluent evaluations. These factors supply a major input to the
formulation of EPA regulations, permits, and guidelines under the Clean Water
Act. The Municipal Wastewater health research program focuses on three major I/A
areas: 1) provide data on the health aspects of land application of municipal
sludge, 2) provide data on the health aspects of land treatment, aquaculture treat-
ment and reuse aspects of municipal wastewater, and 3) develop and validate health
biomonitoring methodology applicable to a variety of effluents including small
flow systems.
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal Methods for
theManagement ofMunicipal 51udgg. land disposal methods selected for sludges
require '"'careful'"1 assessment df affects on human health resulting from the exposure
to pollutants contained in the sludges. An appraisal document will be prepared on
potential effects of land application of municipal sludge. Research will focus
on pathogenic organisms, heavy metals, and organic chemicals. Additionally, co-
operative epidemiological studies of farm families utilizing sewage sludge for
agricultural purposes will be continued. This scientific health information
serves as a major input to the formulation of EPA regulations, permits and guide-
lines under the Clean Water Act.
/
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,191,900 and 14.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $959,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,232,900 1s for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Eval uate and Assess Innoyati ye and Al tentative Techno! ogies (I'/A) to Improve
the Efficiency, Reliability and Effectlvenessj>fMl^nicijyajtfastewatertreagent
Systems.Lana treatment of wastewater has the pofentiay of causing disease in
humans from either raicrobial pathogens or toxic pollutants. Current research
activities in this program include epidemiological studies in Lubbock, Texas and In
Israel, movement of pollutants through the air and soil, and uptake of pollutants
by plants. Research will provide data on the health, aspects of land treatment,
aquaculture treatment and reuse aspects of municipal wastewater. In addition,
health biomonitoring methodology applicable to a variety of effluents, including
small flow systems, is being developed and validated. This research is being
carried out in conjunction with bioassessment of toxldty of effluent chemi,cal
complexes at the Agency's testing and evaluation facility.
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilizationand DisposalMethods for
the Management of Municipal Sludge.Land application of sludge to food chain
crop!has the potential of causing adverse health effects in humans and animals
from direct contact with toxic pollutants and from Ingestion of contaminanted
food and water. Research is focused on determining the transport and fate of
WQ-26
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toxic pollutants resulting from land application of sludge. Research will provide
data on the health aspects of land application of municipal sludge. The focus 1s
on pathogens, heavy metals, and organic chemicals that may be transmitted from
sludge.
1983 Expj anati onof Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$59,830 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (-559,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted 1n a net
decrease of -$59,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,367,230 for this program, of which
5783,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,584,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Evaluate and Assess Innovative and Alternative^Technologies (I/A)to Improve
the ETfJgency^ RellablTtty^an^
Systems: The ftrst part of a two-part scientifIc appraisal document of the micro-
biological health effects of land treatment of wastewater has been written and
published reporting on all completed research and providing a state-of-the-art
assessment.
Eva!I uate and Assess Improved Treatment, Ut111zati on and Pisposal Methods for
the Management of Municipal Sludge.Research on health risks of organic chemicals
ini Tand appl"! cationhas teenpublished. Related to this is a report completed on
research characterizing air pollutants from an activated sludge process.
ENVIRONMENTAL .ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,108,500 and 24.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of "which 11,324,300 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,784,200 1s
for Research and Development. The decreases of $2,932,600 and $2,819,900,
respectively, reflect the transfer of exploratory research funds to the Intermedia
program and ttie elimination of EPA research efforts 1n new process development,
plant operation and design, development of alternate options of land treatment of
wastewater, as well as toxic pollutants control and urban runoff areas. This
reduction reflects the Agency's view that there are major Incentives for the pri-
vate sector to develop innovative viastewater technology as a result of the Clean
Water Act amendments which provide for a 10% additional Increase to construction
grants where Innovative technology 1s utilized. This Incentive grant 1s scheduled
to Increase to 20% 1n 1985. In addition, if an I/A project falls to perform as
designed after 2 years following final on-slte review, the Act provides for 100
percent reimbursement of project costs. Engineering support of the I/A technology
and sludge management program will be continued at approximately the same level
as 1983.
Evaluate and Assess Innovative andI Alternative Technologles U/A) to Improve
the Efficiency, ReTlaoTTIty'and Effectiveness of Municfpa'T Wastewater Treatment
Systems. Activities In this area will support the Construction Grant I/A program by
providing technical assistance 1n reviewing project plans and recommending innova-
WQ-27
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tive technologies and by making available detailed planning, engineering and analyt-
ical assistance of I/A technologies. New Information will be provided through the
assessment of promising new treatment processes developed by the industrial or
university sectors. Post construction evaluations of full-scale operational I/A
projects will be continued in 1984 to produce feedback information on design,
energy, capital and operation and maintenance costs.
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment. Utilization and Disposal Methods for
the Management of Municipal SIudjeTResearch in this program will be conducteo1 in
two major areas: treatment and disposal of sludge. In the treatment area, emphasis
will shift to innovative stabilization and digestion processes such as high solids
retention reactors, two-phase digestion processes, and fixed-film reactors, that
have the potential for destruction of greater quantities of sludge and reducing
costs. The on-going full-scale evaluation of the vertical tube reactor for the
treatment of high strength municipal sludge will be continued. This technique is
efficient in energy conservation and has a significant potential for recovering
the energy gained from the oxidation reaction. Research on the disposal area will
focus on those projects that show great promise for minimizing handling costs,
adverse land and environmental Impacts. Research on land application of sludge
will concentrate on characterizing the mechanisms controlling the uptake and the
transformation of toxic organics and pathogenic organisms in sludge amended soils.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $8,861,000 and 65.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $4,256,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,604,100 is for extramural purposes under ttie Research and
Development appropriation. This year will be a major transitional period and will
see the orderly phasing out of research involving several areas cited in the 1984
program.
Evaluate^ andi Assess Innovative and Alternative Technologies (I/A) to Improve
the Efficiency" oFHuntcipal Wastewater Treatment Systems. Fo assist the Regions
and Statesin implementing the 1981dWA amendftents, the I/A technology program
evaluates new technologies developed by the private sector to meet discharge
limitations 1n a cost-effective manner and disseminates the results to promote
their use. Facility plan reviews are continually being carried out for the Regions
and States to determine projects that qualify for I/A funding. Post-construction
evaluations of operational I/A projects are being initiated and will be used to
accelerate the transfer of operation and cost data on successful I/A technologies
to the municipal sector. This information transfer is achieved through a central-
ized clearinghouse operated in direct support to tne Construction Grants program
and through a series of Regional seminars. The evaluation of on-site treatment
methods and alternative sewer systems is also an integral part of the I/A program.
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment. Utilization and Disposal Methods for
the Management of Municipal Sludge.Foe alms of this research are: (l) to reduce
the amount of sludge generated and (2) to render it amenable for beneficial uses
and for offsite disposal. Emphasis Is on evaluating more efficient sludge diges-
tion and thermal conversion processes as a means of accomplishing these aims.
Emphasis is also placed on processes that conserve or recover energy, such as more
efficient incineration and gas utilization from digesters. Additional research
to reduce the space and labor requirements are being studied for the various
composting processes.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
WQ-28
-------
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $16,493,300 for this program, of
which $4,890,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,602,800
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Evaluate and Assess Innovative and Alternative Technologies (I/A) to Improve
the Efficiency, Reliability .and Effectiveness of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Systems.Assessment reports of emerging innovative technologies were produced and
distributed at regional seminars for States, municipalities and consulting firms.
The program initiated screening of operational innovative and alternative treatment
projects 1n order to begin post-construction evaluations. Detailed engineering
reviews of innovative facility plans were carried out to satisfy a continuing need
of both the Regions and States.
Completion of the work of the Land Treatment Task Force has resulted in
significant construction grant Awards for land treatment projects as an alternative
technology, particularly in the southwest. Successful transfer of technical infor-
mation to the States was accomplished through the Task Force and by dissemination
of Land Treatment Design Manuals by the Agency.
Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal Methods for
the Management of Municipal Sludge. A design manual whi ch gives a critical review
of dewatering processes and a procedure for selecting an optimum dewatering strategy
has been published. Reduction of about 35$ in fuel requirements for Incinerators
was demonstrated through an EPA research grant study by upgrading the Instrumenta-
tion and training of the operating staff. A concise report on land reclamation and
biomass production from municipal sludge was published and this is being used as a
guidance document for planning and designing land reclamation projects. A novel
sludge digestion process, which reduces capital costs significantly, was demon-
strated successfully through an EPA funded study. Two municipalities are presently
constructing waste treatment plants using this process and several are in various
stages of planning.
WQ-29
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
PROGRAM
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
$197.5
$4.6
$202.1
$1,992.0
$2,470.6
$4,462.6
$40.9
$23.0
$63.9
$724.7
$6,995.5
$7,720.2
$346.0
$15.0
$361.0
$3,301.1
$9,508.7
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$69.9
$50.0
$119.9
$1,807.7
$1,190.2
$2,997.9
$16.5
$155.0
$171.5
$1,001.2
$439.5
$1,440.7
$305.0
$305.0
$3,200.3
$1,834.7
$1,842.7
SI, 190. 2
$3,032.9
$16.5
$155.0
$171.5
$1,001.2
$439.5
SI, 440. 7
$305.0
$305.0
$3,165.4
$1,784.7
$1,052.0 -S790.7
$436.9 -$753.3
$1,488.9 -$1,544.0
-S16.5
-$155.0
-S171.5
-$1,001.2
-$439.5
-$1,440.7
$311.7 $6.7
$311.7 $6.7
$1,363.7 -$1,801.7
$436.9 -$1,347.8
Industrial Wa'stewater TOTAL $12,809.8 $5,035.0 $4,950.1 $1,800.6 -$3,149.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
2.9
25.9
1.0
1.1
20.3
.4
21.3
.4
12.3 "-9.0
-.4
WQ-30
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
8 Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
10.0 9.5 9.5
7.5
47.3
3.8
35.1
3.8
35.0
-9.5
3.8
16.1 -18.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Information &
Li ai son
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.2
36,9
1.0
13.7
9.0
64.8
1.4
31.6
.7
13.6
5.7
53.0
32, &
.7
13.6
5.7
52.6
18.8 -13.8
-.7
-13.6
5.7
24.5 -28.1
W.Q-31
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Hi 1 estones 1982 1983 1984
Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support
for Industrial Wastewater and National Pollutant "
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Activities.
- Prepare annual QA Discharge Monitoring 9/82 9/83 9/84
Report in support of NPDES. (Monitoring)
- Develop quality control samples for 9/83
GC/MS analytical series. (Monitoring)
- Develop/test feasibility of whole-volume 9/83
performance evaluation samples. (Monitoring)
Develop/Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial
Wastewater Discharges and NPDES Support,
- Develop/standardize/validate analytical 9/82 9/83
methods for high priority pollutants
required by NPDES. (Monitoring)
- Review applications/recommmend approval 9/82 9/83 9/84
for 1-3 general and 90-100 specific equiv-
alent test procedures. (Monitoring)
Develop/Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to
Support Permitting and Enforcement Activities.
- Provide user manual for determining 9/82
tbxicity reduction achieved by waste
treatment. (Env. Processes)
- Provide Toxicity Reduction Manuals for 10/83 10/83
selected Consent Decree Industries. [Env.
Technology)
- Revise and update Treatability Manual. 6/83 6/83
(Env. Technology)
- Provide unique analyses identifying 9/86 9/86
recurring organics not identifiable
through existing GC/MS tape library.
(Env. Processes)
WQ-32
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,800,600 and 16.1 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of 33,149,500 and 18.9 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total is 51,363,700 for Salaries and Expenses and 5436,900 for Research
and Development, with decreases of $1,801,700 and $1,347,800 respectively. The
decrease occurs mainly In the monitoring and quality assurance and in the environ-
mental engineering and technology program elements. In addition, the decrease
reflects the transfer of $202,500 in exploratory research funds to the Intermedia
program.
Program Description
There are two major research goals in this program. The first is to assure
the quality of industrial effluent data and to resolve deficiencies in existinq
analytical and monitoring methods for toxic components. The second goal is to
help assure a sound technical and scientific basis for the defenslbllity of Agency
regulations and policies on industrial water pollution control. The following
objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for Industrial
Hastewaler and Natipna11 _POIiutant uiscnarge^ |i1fflinati_o_n_jystemjNPPLS) ftctivniesr.
The objective of this research under this activity is ^^rcrvTde qiial'ity "as'siiranc'e
support to ensure that all measurement data on industrial wastewater discharges
used by EPA are reliable and accurate so that data used by the Agency for decision-
making Is of the highest quality.
Objective 2. Develop and Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial Waste-
water T)Ysc1iar'geT1and_NPiteS suppporg rh'ls 'research provides prlcticable,''Verffied
least-cost methods for monitoring industrial effluents (both self-monitoring by
industrial dischargers and monitoring by local, State and Federal regulatory
agencies) for compliance with permit conditions. Monitoring requirements must be
issued by the Administrator in carrying out provisions of Sections 304(h), 308(a)
and 402 of the Clean Water Act for use by Federal, State, local and Industrial
organizations to show compliance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System.
Obj ecti ve 3. Develop and Eva!uateScientific and Technical Tools to Support
Permitti ng 'and' En'f'olTelelTt AcriVitiesT ("nYs work provides advance'" notice of emer-
ging or prevlousTy-unrecognized industrial wastewater pollution problems*. This re-
search also provides tools for simplified, more expeditious Issuance of industrial
discharge permits. This research, by providing user manuals on treatability,
toxicity reduction, etc., makes consistent guidance available on the most up-to-date
and efficient techniques for permit issuance.
TECHNICAL.INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $202,100 for this program, of "which
$197,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,600 was for ex-
tramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This activity,
which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Inter-
media program in 1983. Thus, the .Program Description, 1984 Program jtequest, .1983
Program, and 1982 Accomplishments narrative sec.tlons appear "Were. "~~~*
WQ-33
-------
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 ProgramLRequest
The Agency requests a total of SI,488,900 and 12.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,052,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $436,900 is
for Research and Development. This reflects decreases of $790,700 and $753,300
respectively. These decreases result from the transfer of exploratory research
funds to the Intermedia program and the completion of analytical methods for most
of the technology-based effluent guidelines. These decreases also reflect a re-
direction of Agency priorities toward water quality-based permit limitations.
Continuing research will emphasize support to the Agency enforcement program and
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) in the implementation
of the technology-based effluent limitation regulations and the modification of
enforcement activities as required by water quality-based permit adjustments.
Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for Industrial Wastewater and
NationalPollutantDischarge £iym?n'aWb₯System (₯PJ)ES) ActTvl'ties. The research
program willsupport NPDES quality assurance by providing quality control samples
and protocols for their use in performance evaluations and laboratory quality
controls. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Standards Repository
will be maintained, and, where appropriate, standards will be made according to
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) reference materials. Quality assurance audit
support to the NPDES Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) monitoring network will be
continued to maintain the reliability of the data and to document its precision
and accuracy. Streamlined and more cost-effective quality assurance tools will be
developed for use in enforcement activities.
Develop and Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial Wastewater Discharges
and NPPES|Supporfl Research will validate and correct analytical methods for high
priori 'ty indus trT ail wastewater components and evaluate alternative analytical
methods to support the NPDES program. Component elements of the NPDES priority
organic pollutant test procedures approved in 1983 under the provisions of Section
304(h) of the Clean Water Act will be re-evaluated for deficiencies and modified
to make them more applicable to all wastewaters.
1983Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,032,900 and 21.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,842,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,190,200 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Provide QuaIJty Assurance and MonftorlngSupport for Industrial Wastewatgr and
Nationa^PoTTu^ant'ffls (WKX)lActTJitijeS;. TKe o'peratTon
of the NPDfiS Standards Repositt>ry'is continuing. Development W a new series of
standards for the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry test procedure is to be com-
pleted and the standards will be available for use in NPDES efforts. The feasibility
of whole-volume performance evaluation samples will be evaluated. The annual NPDES
Discharge Monitoring Report monitoring network audit is being continued.
Develop and Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial Wastewater Discharges
and NPUES support.me muiti-laboratory priority pollutantanalytica(methods vaii-
datTorfTtudies will be completed and final reports will be available. Develooment
of a surrogate test procedure for certain organic chemical pollutants will be com-
pleted. Work on identifying and correcting deficiencies related to the general
applicability of some test procedures for the priority organic pollutants will be
initiated.
Q-34
-------
1983 Explanation of Changes from BudgetJEst-firiate
The net increase of +535,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammlngs. (+$35,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several repr o g r amnii rigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$35,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompl i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $4,462,600 for this program, of which
$1,992,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 52,470,600 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for Industrial Uastewater and
Natl ojnjTJ'o 1Vuta n j[ !) i s ch a r g₯ ~ETi mt nation Sys tern (rt.P b E S) Activities. THe operation
oT tWWDWTtanlar3s"Mposi tory was coriti nued' an? expanded to i ncl ude standards
for most priority pollutants. The annual audit of the NPDES Discharge Monitoring
Report monitoring network was completed. A "Handbook on Analytical Quality Control
in Water and Uastewater Laboratories" was completed and made available.
Develop and Validate, Measurement Systems for Industrial Wastewater Discharges
and NPDES Support. Acomprehensive EP'A' d HanciSoblc f or "Ssmpl i ng ami Sample Preserva-
tion in yater and Uastewater" was completed. Several guides for automation of
analytical systems were published. Formal multi-laboratory studies were conducted
on several categories of priority pollutants. Standardized analytical methods
were provided for 13 classes of pesticides and the test procedures manual for the
priority organic pollutants was published. The NPDES alternate test procedures
equivalency program made several nationwide and about 90 case-by-case equivalency
recommendations.
HEALTHEFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. This reflects a decrease
of $171,500, of which $16,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $155,000 is for
Research and Development, and a decrease of 0.4 permanent workyears. These reduc-
tions reflect the general phase-down in industrial research as a result of the
completion of research support for the effluent guidelines and the Consent Decree
efforts. Some work will be continued in other budget areas on short-term health
effects testing methods for complex mixtures which will have applicability to
industrial and other effluents.
1983Accomplishments
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $171,500 and 0.4 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $16,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 5155,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting and
Enforcement Actl vTfi es. 81 bass ay" methods which prove to nave Dest applicant nty to
complex eYfTuents are being further refined. Such tests will allow permitting.offi-
cials to utilize better health effects information for establishing proper waste-
load allocations for specific water bodies.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
WQ-35
-------
1982 Acc omp 11 s hroent SL
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $63,900 for this program, of which
540,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 523,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting and
Enforcement Activi'ties."Evaluations of a number of healtheffects bioassays
for their appTi cabi 11 ty in determining toxicity of industrial discharges were begun.
These bioassays are for use in a group of test methods for assessing carcinogenic,
mutagenic, and reproductive risks related to industrial effluents.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. This reflects a decrease
of $1,001,200 for Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of $439,500 for Research and
Development and a decrease of 9.5 permanent workyears. These reductions reflect
the transfer of exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program and the phase-
down in industrial wastewater research as a result of completion of research in
support of technology-based effluent guidelines and the Consent Decree efforts.
All effluent guidelines scheduled for promulgation are expected to be completed by
1984. These reductions also reflect the Agency's view that the private sector
should have the predominant role in pollution Control technology development.
1983 Prqaram
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of SI,440,700 and 9.5 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $1,001,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 3439,500 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting and
Enforcement Activities. A study of acid discharges from lead and zinc mining refuse
pTTeTWfl evatuate the extent to which tailings piles', which contain toxic heavy
metals, are affecting ground and surface water. The metal finishing Industry Is
being examined to determine if changes in NPDES permit limitations might be
warranted because treatment technologies have advanced or because changes in the
state-of-the-art of manufacturing processes have occurred. Available cost-versus-
performance data
-------
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Teclifn'cal Tool s i__tq ^Support Permitting and
Enforcement ^Actlyrt.1 es . TreatablTity "research, "TncTuding^work" 'on We toxicity re-
duction' concept, provided support to regional office and State permitting activities
and enforcement efforts. This work defined the efficiency, reliability and costs
of various existing technologies for treating toxic pollutants. The extent of
toxicity reductions by using various technologies was documented.
Evaluations of abatement pollution controls for textile, pesticide, petrochenn
ical, and electroplating wastewaters were completed. Documentation of the engineer-
ing and economic advantages of the centralized waste treatment concept for small
business metal finishers and the development of a novel method for removal of
toxic heavy metals from industrial effluents were also provided. These results
were produced in support of the promulgation of effluent guideline regulations and
the issuance of individual industrial discharge permits.
EHV I RONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program^ Request
The Agency requests a total of $311,700 and 3.8 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This is an increase of 56,700
from 1983. The level of effort of the program in 1984 will remain about the same
as in 1983.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting and
Enforceiiien't Act1vfti₯s~. This program will continue to provide Information on the
compbsi tl on of corapl ex i ndustri al effluents. The information will be gathered from
scanning the data which were generated by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric
(GC/MS) analyses of industrial effluents. This information, which is compiled in
a GC/MS computer tape library, is being verified by specialized analyses-
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $305,000 and 3.8 permanent work-
years to this program; all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific and ^ and
Enforcement ActlvTtTesV me (JC/flS 'tapeTfBrary wli 1 be maintained and information
on addi t Tonal ₯f f 1 uen t characteristics will be added. This work is being performed
in response to needs of the program office.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 Ace ora pi i s hments
In 198Z, the Agency obligated a total of $361,000 for this program, of which
$346,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 515,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop i and ExfJM^ Scj_ej^t1_f_1c artd Tec.hnlcal Tools to Support Permitting and
E n f orcemen-t "Actiy'l ti es . Tapes from 20,000 GC/MS runs were analyzed and the identi-
ties ot 500 selected compounds were confirmed. The Effluent Guidelines Division
and the Permits Division of the Office of Water utilized these analyses in develop-
ing guidelines and in formulating permitting procedures. Additionally, a methodol-
ogy for determining levels of toxicity in the leather tanning industry's wastewaters
was developed.
WQ-37
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATERQUALITY
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Water Quality State Programs Management WQ-39
State Programs Management... WQ-41
Great Lakes Program... WQ-46
Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Study..... WQ-47
Effluent Standards & Guidelines WQ-50
Grants Assistance Program. WQ-55
Clean Lakes Program UQ-56
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106).., WQ-57
Training Grants (Section 104)..... WQ-59
Mater Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-60
Dredge & Fill , , WQ-63
Ocean Disposal Permits.... WQ-63
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-66
Standards A Regulations .. WQ-67
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis^. WQ-70
Municipal Source Control WQ-74
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction..' WQ-77
Corps of Engineers.... WQ-81
Waste Treatment Operations ft Maintenance WQ-82
NEPA Compliance - Municipal Hastewater Treatment
FaciTity Construction WQ-83
WQ-38
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 YS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
State Programs
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Great Lakes Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl i ance
Chesapeake Bay Water
Quality Study
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl tance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Water Quality State
Programs Management
$12,286.1 59,661.4 59,290.4 $8,284.6 -51,005.8
$3,597.1 $350.0 $350.0 $180.0 -$170.0
TOTAL $15,883.2 $10,-Oil.4 $9,640.4 $8,464.6 -$1,175.8
$1,396.3 $1,313.5 SI,313.5 $800.0 -$513.5
$4,178.8 $2,500.0 $3,500.0 $2,897.3 -$602.7
TOTAL $5,575.1 $3,813.5 54,813.5 $3,697.3 -$1,116.2
$277.9
$1,600.2
TOTAL $1,878.1
$53.1
$900.0
$953.1
-$53.1
-$900.0
-$953.1
$13,960.3 $10,974.9 $10,657.0 $9,084.6 -$1,572.4
$9,376.1 $2,850.0 $4,750.0 $3,077.3 -$1,672.7
TOTAL $23,336.4 $13,824.9 $15,407.0 $12,.161.9 -$3,245.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
State Programs 258.9 200.0 210.1
Management
Great Lakes Program 16.2 10.8 10.8
Chesapeake Bay Water 4.4 2.0
Quality Study
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 279.5 210.8 222.9
170.4 -39.7
10.8
181.2
-2.0
-41.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
State Programs
Management
Great Lakes Program
.312.3
21.6
254,4
15.0
266.4 212.4 -54.0
15.0
15.0
WQ-39
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
ACTUAL BUDGET -CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
198Z ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Chesapeake Bay Hater 5.4 2.0 -2.0
Quality Study
TOTAL WORKYEARS 339.3 269.4 Z83.4 227.4 -56.0
WQ-40
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality State Programs Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 312,161,900 and 181.2 permanent workyears for
this subactivity. Of this amount, 59,084,600 will be for the Salaries and Expen-
ses appriation and S3,077,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, for a decrease of S3,245,100 and 41.7 permanent workyears.
Program Description
This area provides for the overall management of State financial assistance
programs and other local programs for water pollution control. It includes over-
sight of Section 205(g) construction grants management delegation agreements and
water quality management programs under Sections 106, 201, 205(j), 208, and 303 of
the Clean Water Act. The subactivity also provides for administration of an
interagency agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; support for training
of water pollution control personnel; and administration of the Great Lakes and
Chesapeake Bay programs.
For Agency budgetary purposes, these activities are divided into three program
elements:
State Programs Management This program includes monitoring and overview of
State activities to implement negotiated agreements under Section 205(g) of the
Clean Water Act, which provides for phased transfers of delegable construction
grants project and program management activities, administrati on of the interagency
agreement with the Corps of Engineers, jand training programs to meet professional
manpower development and training needs of wastewater treatment plant operators
and EPA:, State, and private sector personnel. OWer construction grant management
resources are described in the Municipal Source Control subactivity. This program
element also includes management of water quality and State financial assistance
programs under Sections 106, 201, 205(j), 208, and 303 of the Act.
Great Lakes Program -- This program provides assistance in implementing U.S.
programs insupport of the U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. A
major focus of the program is the measurement of ambient conditions in the Great
Lakes in order to determine compliance with the objectives of the Agreement. The
monitoring activity measures water quality trends and the effectiveness of remedial
responses to emerging pollution problems.
Chesapeake Bay Program Water Quality Study -- This program was developed in
response to a Congressional niandate requiring EPA to conduct a study of the Chesa-
peake Bay. The objectives of the study were define the factors adversely affecting
the environment, develop research to address adverse factors, and define manage-
ment strategies to ameloriate degradation of water quality in the Bay. The
program has been developed through a cooperative effort among the affected States,
local governments, and EPA.
STATE PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,464,600 and 170.4 permanent workyears for
this activity, including $8,284,600 under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $180,000 under the Abatement, Control a-nd Compliance appropriation. This
represent a decreases of $1,175,800 and 39.7 permanent workyears. Of this amount,
$1,005,800 will be from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $170,000 will
be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WO-41
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These decreases primarily reflect progress in State delegation of construc-
tion grants management, reduced oversight of State water quality management activi-
ties, completion of EPA's study of urban nonpoint source runoff problems, a phasing
down of assistance to the States in identifying nonpoint source problems and devel-
oping related control programs, and a reduction in resources needed for management
of wastewater treatment plant operator training funds.
Oversight: In accordance with EPA policy to delegate maximum management respon-
sibi 1 ity arid authority, EPA will continue working with the States to coordinate
program objectives and outputs and to integrate funding mechanisms. EPA and State
program managers will determine annual program priorities and commitments; Agency
personnel will provide feedback and assistance based on the results of annual
evaluations. These efforts will provide essential links to ensure that Federal
and State objectives, priorities, and funds are meeting construction grants and
water quality management needs through the most cost-effective approaches. The
Federal program will emphasize results-oriented oversight of activities where
there are priority financial, water quality, or public health concerns.
Corpsof Engineers: EPA and the Corps of Engineers will continue efforts to
ensure theintegrityof construction grants projects and prevent waste, fraud,
or abuse. Corps activities, which are described under the Municipal Source Control
subactivity, will be supported by $16,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. EPA will negotiate annual workplans and monitor Corps
of Engineers accomplishments 1n priority areas, Including preconstruction reviews,
on-site presence at large, complex projects, interim and final inspections, and
special construction management activities.
State Delegation: Of the 49 States (including Puerto Rico) with signed dele-
gation agreements in 1984, a total of 36 States will be fully delegated for man-
agement of construction grants, an Increase of six over 1983. The Agency expects
this level of delegation to continue essentially unchanged for the near future.
Based on this assumption, the program may be considered as essentially fully
delegated. In 1984, States will provide 2,140 workyears or 68* of the total manage-
ment staffing, the Corps of Engineers 14S, and EPA 18%.
Water Quality Management: During 1984, EPA will continue implementation of
simplified water quality management regulations and the water quality based approach
initiated in 1982. The Agency wMl update guidance to the States In the following
areas: the eligibilities of various activities, including monitoring and standard
setting for funding under Section 205U) of the Act, procedures for revising State
continuing planning processes, and procedures for insuring the consistency of
permit and construction grants decisions with water quality management plans. EPA
will continue to focus water planning activities on insuring that States complete
their identification of priority water bodies and the States carry out reviews of
the consistency of plans with water quality management decisions.
Financial Assistance: Grants totaling $24,000,000 are being requested for
award under Section 106 of the Clean Water Act to support State and Interstate
water pollution control programs. States will target funds to permits and en-
forcement activities, including high priority ambient and source surveys. One
third of the States are expected to usie part of their Section 205(g) funds for.
these priority activities, in addition to supporting their delegated construction
grants management programs. In 1984 the States will obligate 590,797,000 in
205(g) funds to support activities eligible for funding under this Section of the
Clean Water Act.
In addition, the Agency expects to award $24,407,792 to the States in 1984
for activities under Section 205(j). The highest priority for funding will be the
review of water quality standards to determine if designated uses can be attained,
water quality management planning, and associated monitoring, EPA will continue
Its efforts to ensure that State processes for developing Section Z05(j) workplans
focus on effective approaches to solving water quality problems and involve local,
regional, and interstate agencies closest to water quality problems.
MQ-42
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EPA will work with the States to ensure effective coordination of Section 106,
205(g), and 205(j) financial assistance agreements. A study will be conducted to
determine how effectively Section 106 and 205(j) funds have been coordinated and
used in 1982 and 1983, with findings leading to recommendations for improved
management.
In 1984 EPA will assist States that received grants in 1982 and 198? for
wastewater treatment plant operator training and will loot" to the Stated and^
municipalities to establish self-sustaining training programs without Federal
funds. :
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating .a total of S9,640,400 and 210.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $9,290,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and
5350,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Oversight:, EPA policy is to give States maximum latitude in managing environ-
mental programs while the Agency retains appropriate overview responsibility.
EPA overview responsibilities include ensuring program accountability in meeting
statutory goals, assessing how program and management accomplishments meet these
goals, providing information transfer on program progress and problems, and ensur-
ing efficient use of resources. In 1983 EPA will evaluate current overview prac-
tices for each water program and develop, as appropriate, an integrated overview
policy covering all water programs.
Streamlined Section 20S(g) delegation management regulations and guidance
will be issued, strengthening State project responsibilities and defining State and
EPA program oversight roles. EPA will fulfill the role of overall program manager
of an increasingly delegated effort by working with the States to define annual
national program priorities and objectives, monitor and evaluate accomplishments,
and provide needed management assistance.
Corps ofiEngineers: Duri,ng 1933, EPA and the Corps of Engineers will also
continue fntansive efforts to ensure the integrity of construction grants projects;
prevent waste, fraud, and abuse; and respond effectively to allegations -or evidence
of problems. In accordance with negotiated and approved plans, the Corps of Engin-
eers will conduct preconstruction reviews, maintain on-site presence at large,
complex projects, and conduct interim and final inspections.
Delegation: Three additional States are expected to sign an Initial Section
205(g)delegation management agreement, bringing the total to 49 delegated States.
Of these 49 States, 30 are expected to have assumed full responsibility for managing
the construction grants program, an increase of 9 over 1982. States are expected
to commit 2,078 workyears or 642 of the total construction grants management staffing
in 1983. EPA will provide 19% of the total and the Corps of Engineers the remaining
17%.
Water Quality Management; In 1983, EPA's water planning activities will focus
on encouraging the States to establish water quality needs based priorities. The
Agency will help the States determine the most cost-effective mixes of municipal,
industrial, and nonpoint source controls needed to meet attainable uses on priority
water bodies. State water quality management plans and continuing planning-pro-
cesses will be updated. As the States develop confidence in accomplishing these
activities, EPA will increasingly rely on the States to carry out the plan con-
sistency reviews required by the Act.
Simplified water quality management and standards regulations embodying the
water quality based approach will be promulgated. Administrative reforms have
already increased the States' flexibility in planning and implementing water quality
programs.
WQ-43
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Financial Assistance: Funds totaling 554,400,000 have been allocated for
award under SectToiT T06 of the Clean Water Act to support State and Interstate
water pollution control programs- Increased funding for permits and enforcement
activities, including necessary intensive surveys, will have highest priority
under Section 106 in 1983.
The Agency expects the States to obligate $45,200,000 in 1983 for activities
under Section 205(j). Priority activities for Section 2Q5(j) funding are water
quality standards, planning, and associated monitoring. States are expected to
implement this new planning program in coordination with appropriate local agen-
cies. The Agency expects the States to obligate 3107,103,000 in 1983 to support
activities under Section 205(g). Priority activities are State construction
grants management.
Major emphasis will be placed on negotiating coordinated financial assistance
agreements with the States covering Sections 106, 205(g), and 205(j) funds. State
resources for planning, monitoring, and water quality standards activities under
the water quality based approach will be supplemented primarily by Section 205(j1
grants- Section 106 and 205(g) funds will be provided primarily for permitting,
enforcement, water quality monitoring, and State construction grants management.
|S in 1982, the fcgency -wi U -manage and .allocate tn.« 198? Congressional .asf
of $2,625,200 for operator Jraintng for support 'and level opment^ of State ; self-
sufficiency and improved municipal treatment facilities Compliance;
Nonpoint Source Controls: Headquarters will publish a policy statement on
appropriate Federal, State, and local roles in identifying and solving priority
nonpoint source problems. The final report of the five year National Urban Runoff
Project (NURP) will be published and transmitted to Congress in 1983. A NURP
handbook on determining instream effects of pollution sources will be published.
EPA will work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Rural Clean
Water Program to publish Best Management Practices (BMPs) for pest control and
salinity problems. EPA will continue work with the USDA and North Carolina State
University in monitoring selected costsharing projects to determine the most
cost-effective agricultural BMPs. A yearend progress report will be published in
September. The EPA - Forest Service interagency agreement was renewed to continue
work on silviculture nonpoint source control implementation.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5371,000 results from the following actions:
-ReDrogrammings. (-$371,000) This change reflects the reversal of the con-
struction grants restructuring which was not approved by Congress. Since the
restructuring was proposed some six months earlier, reversing the action revised
the earlier resource estimates and resulted in a net change of -563,700 to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
During the development of the operating plan, several reprogrammings were
made to this activity which are not reportable under the Congressional reprogram-
uring limitations. These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$307,300 to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $15,883,200 and 258.9 permanent workyears for
this program activity, of which $12,286,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 53,597,100 was for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation.
WQ-44
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Regulatory Reform: Early in 1982, EPA proposed changes to construction grants
regulations to simplify program requirements, decrease costs, and increase State
management flexibility. Following enactment of the 1981 Amendments to the Clean
Water Act, EPA developed*" re-gulations, pol'icy, and guidance documents needed to
implement the statutory requirements. Interim final project management related
regulations were published within five months of enactment.
During 1982, the Agency continued a major effort to reorient management of
the construction grants program away from Federal project decision-making and
toward results-oriented overview of delegated State program activities. EPA and
States established joint program priorities and began developing coordinated ap-
proaches to assure improved facilities performance, local financial capability,
elimination of backlogs, prevention of waste, fraud and abuse, increased dele-
gation, and refinement of construction grants obligation and outlay projections.
One additional State accepted initial Section 20S(g) delegation, bringing to
46 the number of delegated States and Territories; 21 of these States assumed full
responsibility for project management, including assistance provided by the Corps
of Engineers. States committed 1,901 workyears to program management in 1982, 59"
of total program resources. EPA staff represented 22% of total staffing and the
Corps of Engineers 19%.
EPA initiated a major effort in 1982 to reorient management of the water
programs, and to enhance program performance. The Agency's proposed revisions to
the Clean Mater Act' were developed and proposed to Congress. Simplified Water
Quality Management regulations were drafted for Federal^ Register publication as
proposed rules, in coordination with development of revTsed 'Grants Management and
Water Quality Standards regulations. A comprehensive guidance and review system was
implemented, emphasizing a water quality based approach, including update of State
continuing planning processes and water quality management plans. The performance
of all EPA Regions and selected States was reviewed during the year.
Fi nancial Assistance: A total of 551,338,300 in Section 106 grants was awarded
to State and interstate water pollution control agencies. Principal 1982 funding
priorities included issuance and reissuance of major permits, enforcement, water
quality standards reviews, and associated monitoring. Several States supplemented
their Section 106 grants with Section 205(g) funds, particularly for permits and
enforcement activities. In 1982 States obligated $50,131,000 under Section 2Q5(g)
primarily for construction grants management activities.
In 1982 total of 322,200,000 available under Section 205{j) for water quality
planning was reserved for obligation by the States in 1983. Several States are
planning to reserve funds for obligation but have not done so as of January 1983.
Priorities for use of these funds include wasteload allocations, analysis of total
maximum daily loadings, water quality standards attainability reviews, and site-
specific criteria studies. Joint State, areawide, and local development of work-
plans for these activities was underway at year end.
Nonpoint Source Controls: The preliminary report on the results of the Nation-
wide Urban Runoff Program was completed. Handbooks on identifying and correcting
significant stonnwater control problems "were completed as part of the Project.
EPA worked with theUSDA in the Rural Clean Water Program to publish an agricultural
nonpoint source control planning manual and state-of-art report on best management
practices for handling animal wastes, use of fertilizers, and sediment control.
EPA and USDA soil conservation agencies continued working with North Carolina
State University in a study to determine the most cost-effective agricultural best
management practices through cause and effect monitoring of selected Rural Clean
Water and other cost-sharing projects. EPA also worked with the Forest Service
under an interagency agreement to implement training for foresters and forest land
owners.
WQ-45
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In-response to Congressional directives to focus training funds on allevi-
ating noncompliance problems 1n Federally funded roijnici^al plants/EPA obligated
53,907,000 from the Congressional add-on to fund on-site, oyer-the-shoulder' op-
erator training programs conducted by State agencies (especially tnose with dedi-
cated Section 109(b) centers) and other qualified training, organizations. An
additional 5236,000= of -the add-on was obligated for salary costs associated
with the program.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 53,697,300 and 10.8 permanent workyears for 1984, a de-
crease of SI,116,200 from 1983. This request includes 5800,000 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,897,300 for extramural purposes under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, with decreases of 5513,500 and
5602,700, respectively. The requested level will allow EPA to continue to meet
our commitments under the U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The
decrease reflects completion of the Niagara River (Lake Ontario) ground water con-
tamination study as well as completion of grant awards for demonstrating inno-
vative control techniques under Section 108(a) of the Clean Water Act.
The Great Lakes program will support the International Joint Commission. It
will respond to information requests and will provide technical assistance to
Headquarters and the State Department on official Canadian requests and notes
concerning U.S. Great Lakes policies. Staff support and technical assistance
to the Mater Quality Board and its committees will continue to ensure that U.S.
views and policies are accurately represented.
The compliance of U.S. industrial and municipal dischargers with the Inter-
national Agreement objectives will be assessed and reported to the Commission.
A Great Lakes surveillance program to detect toxic substances in Great Lakes
fish and sediments will be conducted 1n 20 tributaries and 10 harbors, respec-
tively. Results will be analyzed and reported to the States for regulatory
follow-up.
The atmospheric deposition sampling network will be maintained and data an-
alyzed to determine loadings to the Lakes of organic chemicals, nutrients and
heavy metals.
A sampling network and strategy to monitor the trophic status of the con-
necting channels will be designed and implemented. Annual surveys of the lakes
1n spring, summer, and fall will be conducted in cooperation with State and Can-
adian agencies to determine the annual variability of ambient phosphorus concen-
trations and the levels and trends in metals and conventional pollutant parameters.
This monitoring strategy, along with the fish, sediment, and air data, will provide
the information necessary to assess compliance with Agreement objectives, to
evaluate effectiveness of control programs and to Identify emerging problems.
EPA will continue to work with the States to implement State-EPA Action Plans
developed in 1983 to address remaining pollution problems in the lakes.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 54,813,500 and 10.8 permanent workyears to
this program, of which $1,313,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 53,500,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The major focus of the program continues to be directed toward support of the
U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Mater Quality Agreement.
WQ-46
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International Joint Commission sponsored Agreement activities will be sup-
ported by the United States and Canada. Annual lake water quality surveys will
be conducted on Lakes Michigan, Huron and Erie, and an intensive survey in coop-
eration with Canadian and State agencies will be conducted on Lake Superior. Fish
Fish, sediment and air sampling will continue to determine levels and trends of
nutrients and toxicants affecting Great Lakes water quality. Joint State, local
and other Federal agency efforts will continue to develop plans for further phos-
phorus reductions in the Lower Lakes. EPA and the States will develop Action
Plans to address remaining pollution problems in the 12 most significantly degraded
areas of the Lakes.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +S1,'000,000 results from the following action:
-Cong ressional Action.- (+$1,000,000) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +$1,000,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation is to
continue the Section 108(a) program of demonstration grants to test new or innova-
tive wastewater techniques, as well as to carry forward water intake and high flow
tributary monitoring to determine water quality trends and pollutant loadings in
the Lakes.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 55,575,100 and 16.2 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $1,396,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,178,800 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1982, the Great Lakes National Program continued its lead role in coordinat-
ing and implementing U.S. programs in fulfillment of the U.S.-Canada Great Lakes
Quality Agreement. Specific activities conducted in 1982 to ascertain ambient
conditions included fish flesh analyses from nearshore and open water locations;
sediment surveys of suspected toxic hot spots in tributary mouths; atmospheric
deposition collections at 41 sites; and mathematical modeling to determine trans-
port, fate, and maximum allowable loading of pollutants.
Other accomplishments included Initiation of a major ground water contami-
nation investigation in the Niagara River Frontier in cooperation with New York
and other Federal offices as part of the Administrator's Niagara River Agenda.
The program also funded cooperative programs with State and local entities in
31 counties in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and New York to encourage the voluntary
adoption of best management practices to further reduce phosphorus loadings,
particularly to Lakes Erie and Ontario.
CHESAPEAKE BAY WATER QUALITY STUDY
The purpose of the six-year study was to identify problems, conduct research,
and develop management recommendations to preserve and enhance water quality in
the Chesapeake Bay. Of ten major problem areas, three have top priority: toxic
substances, submerged aquatic vegetation, and nutrients (eutrophication). Approx-
imately 40 research projects on the three priority areas have been completed, or
are nearing completion. All publications are being disseminated through the Nat-
ional Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce.
1984 Program Request
Information developed during the course of the Chesapeake Bay study will be
disseminated in 1983. No further resources are needed to complete the Agency's
commitments in this area.
WQ-47
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1983 Program
In 1983 the program is allocating $953,100 and 2.0 permanent workyears to
this program of which $53,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5900,000 is for
Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The Agency will complete and publish all remaining technical studies in the
three priority areas of the program: toxics, nutrients, and submerged aquatic
vegetation.
Toxic^Substances: The study identified the relative amount and distribution
of tolcTcsubstances Th the water, sediments, and living organisms throughout the
bay and major tributaries. Natural and manmade sources of toxics were noted,
along with the rate at which toxic substances traveled to different parts of the
bay and the degree to which they changed from their original condition. The final
segment of this study developed options for reducing toxics in the bay.
Su bme rge d Aqua tic Vegetation -L The study investigated the effects of manmade
changes in water quality 6rnsubme~rged aquatic vegetation. The study also measured
the impact of the decline on various species of fish and wildlife. This segment
of the study proposed alternatives for preserving and enhancing bay vegetation and
associated species of fish and wildlife.
Nutrients (eutrophication): This segment of the study identified the effects
on thebay ecosystem of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This section
of the study proposed measures for limiting agricultural nonpoint source runoff
and other measures to limit nutrients flowing into the bay from the Susquehanna,
Potomac, and James Rivers.
EPA plans to disseminate the results of the Chesapeake Bay program's studies
through the National Technical Information Service and by holding two major con-
ferences to provide opportunities for discussion of the findings of these reports.
The first conference is designed for participation by various agencies at the
Federal, State, and local level who are responsible for maintaining and enhancing
ambient environmental quality in the Chesapeake Bay region. The second conference
is designed for participation by the general public. These conferences will be
based on the work in the three priority areas.
During 1983 EPA will maintain the computerized data base for use by States
and local governments. The Agency is working with the States to transfer the
computer and its data base to them by the end of this year.
In 1983 the program will also publish four major reports describing the
findings in the three priority areas. The "Chesapeake Bay Primer" explains impor-
tant ecological relationships in the bay and is a basic reference for understanding
future reports. The "Synthesis Report" explains the technical knowledge gained
from all Federally funded research for the three priority areas. This report was
distributed to Congress and the public in September 1982. The "Chesapeake Bay
Characterization Study" explains the trends in data relating environmental qual-
ity fish, and wildlife populations, from the late 1930s to the present. Statistics
in these areas will be analyzed for significant trends comparing environmental
quality and fish and wildlife populations. The "Management Alternatives Report"
explains the results of various modeling exercises to analyze the technical and
economic feasibility of various pollution abatement strategies including control
of toxics; nonpoint source runoff from agriculture, urban areas, and contraction;
and sewage treatment plants, and industrial dischargers.
WQ-48
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget jjtimate
The net increase of +$953,100 results from the following actions:
' -Congressionaj Action. (+$953,100) The Congressional add-on to this activity
of +5900,000 -to the Abatement, Control and Compliance .appropriation will complete
final hand-off of the Chesapeake Bay study results and responsibilities to the
States.
(+$53,100) This increase includes +$53,100 of the +10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
1982 Accomp11shments
During 1982 the Agency obligated $1,878,100 and 4,4 permanent workyears, of
which $277,900 was for Salaries and Expenses and $1,600,200 was for Abatement
Control and Compliance.
In 1982, the Chesapeake Bay Program completed the following work.
Ches_apeake Bay Primer: Published.
Synthesis Report: Published.
Chesapeake Bay Characterization Study: Draft report completed.
Management Alternatives: Draft report completed.
WQ-49
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $4,901.3 $4,785.5 $5,429.6 S4.220.7 -$1,208.9
Abatement Control & 59,141.8 $7,448.5 $7,448.5 $5,407.1 -$2,041.4
Compliance
TOTAL $14,043.1 $12,234.0 $12,878.1 $9,627.8 -$3,250.3
TOTAL:
Salaries I, Expenses $4,901.3 $4,785.5 $5,429.6 $4,220.7 -$1,208.9
Abatement Control 4 $9,141.8 $7,448.5 $7,448.5 55,407.1 -$2,041.4
Compliance
Effluent Standards 4 TOTAL $14,043.1 $12,234.0 $12,878.1 $9,627.8 -$3,250.3
Guidelines
PERMANENT WRKYEARS
Effluent Standards 4 82.8 68.4 82.7 60.0 -22.7
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 82,8 68.4 82.7 60.0 -22.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Eff 1 uent Standards & 102,7 93.4 107.7 82.9 -24.8
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 102.7 93.4 107.7 82.9 -24.8
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests $9,627,800 and 60.0 permanent workyears for 1984, a de-
crease of S3,250,300 and 22.7 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in this
total is $4,220,700 for Salaries and Expenses and 35,407,100 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance, with decreases of 51,208,900 and $2,041,400, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity includes establishing effluent limits for industries dis-
charging directly to waterways and indirectly through publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs), Effluent standards and guidelines are promulgated under the author-
ity of Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of the Clean Water Act.
The Clean Water Act established a comprehensive program to "restore and
maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters."
This program is part of EPA's effort to implement this legislative mandate through
the issuance of effluent standards, pretreatment standards, and new source perfor-
mance standards for industrial dischargers. Through this program, the Agency estab-
lishes a number of different kinds of effluent limitations which are summarized
below.
Best Practicable Control Technology limitations (BPT) are generally based on
the average of the best existing performance i>y plants of various sizes, ages, and
unit processes within an industrial category or subcategory. In establishing BPT
limitations, EPA considers the total cost of applying the treatment technology in
relation to the effluent reduction derived, the age of facilities and equipment
involved, the production process employed, the engineering aspects of the control
technologies, process changes, and non-water quality environmental Impacts, in-
cluding energy requirements.
Best Available Technology Economically Achievable limitations (BAT) generally
represent the best existing performance in the industrial category or subcategory.
The Act establishes BAT as the principal national means of controlling the direct
discharge of toxic and nonconventional pollutants into navigable waters. In arriv-
ing at BAT, the Agency considers the same factors that are considered in arriving
at BPT. The Administrator retains considerable discretion in assigning the weights
to .be accorded these factors.
Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology limitations (BCT) are based on
the "best conventional pollutant control technology" for discharges of conventional
pollutants from existing sources. Conventional pollutants include biochemical
oxygen demand, total suspended solids, fecal conform, acidity (pH), and oil and
grease. BCT is not an additional limitation, but replaces BAT for the conventional
pollutants. In addition to other factors, the Act requires that BCT limitations
be assessed in light of a two-part "cost reasonableness" test. The first test
compares the cost for private Industry to reduce its conventional pollutants with
the costs to POTWs for similar levels of reduction in their discharge of such
pollutants. The second test examines the cost-effectiveness of treatment beyond
BPT. EPA must find that limitations are reasonable under both tests before estab-
lishing them under BCT. In no case may BCT be less stringent than BPT.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are based on the best available demon-
strated technology (BDT), New plants have the opportunity to Install the best and
most efficient production processes and wastewater treatment technologies.
WQ-51
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Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) are designed to prevent the
discharge of pollutants which pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incom-
patible with the operation of a POTW. The Clean Water Act of 1977 requires pre-
treatment for pollutants that pass through the POTW or interfere with the POTW's
treatment process or chosen sludge-disposal method. The legislative history of
the 1977 Amendments indicates that pretreatment standards are to be technology-
based, analogous to BAT for removal of toxic pollutants. EPA has generally deter-
mined that pollutants are passing through a POTW if the percent of pollutants
removed by a well-operated POTW achieving secondary treatment is less than the
percent removed by the BAT model treatment system. The general pretreatment reg-
ulations which serve as the framework for the industrial pretreatment efforts are
found at 40 CFR Part 403.
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS), like PSES, are to prevent the
discharge of pollutants which pass through, interfere with, or otherwise are incom-
patible with the operation of a POTW. PSNS are to be. issued at the same time as
NSPS. New indirect dischargers, like new direct dischargers, have the opportunity
to Incorporate the best available demonstrated technologies. EPA considers the
same factors in promulgating PSNS as it considers in promulgating PSES,
In developing each regulation the Agency examines industrial processes, water
usage, wastewater characteristics, and treatment technologies in use or potentially
applicable The requirement for economic achievability has led the Agency to con-
duct extensive studies of the financial and economic achievability of regulatory
options. These options are examined separately to determine the possibility of
closures as well as impacts on production levels, employment, industry size and
concentration, foreign trade, regional economics, and the economics of related
industries.
In the past, EPA was unable to promulgate many of these regulations by the
dates contained in the 1972 Act. In 1976, as a result of delays 1n issuing these
regulations, EPA was sued by several environmental groups; the outcome was a
Settlement Agreement. The Settlement Agreement required EPA to develop a program
and adhere to a schedule for 21 major Industries with 37 industry categories and
to promulgate BAT effluent limitation guidelines, pretreatment standards, and
NSPS for 65 "priority" pollutants and classes of pollutants. (See Natural Re-
soures Defensg pouncil, Inc. v. Train, 8 ERG 2120 (D-D-C. 1976). modified March 9,
1979.) The 1977 Amendmentstothe1972 Act incorporated elements of the Settlement
Agreement related to toxic pollutant control. Section 301(b)(2) of the Act now
requires the achievement by July 1, 1984 of effluent limitations requiring appli-
cation of BCT for conventional pollutants and BAT for toxic pollutants, including
the 65 "priority" pollutants and classes of pollutants which Congress declared
toxic under Section 307(a) of the 1972 Act. Likewise, NSPS and pretreatment stan-
dards were redirected toward toxic pollutant controls.
Because the Agency was unable to meet deadlines contained in the Settlement
Agreement, in 1981 EPA moved to modify the proposal and promulgation dates. In
May 1982, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ordered the Agency
to propose and promulgate regulations In compliance with a new time frame. In
June 1982, the Agency submitted to the Court a streamlined schedule which presented
its best estimates for completion of industry projects. In August 1982, the Court
approved this streamlined schedule.
EPA is now in compliance with the Court's schedule, and is issuing all guide-
lines on time. Between 1978 and December 31, 1982, effluent guidelines standards
regulations were proposed for 21 Industrial categories (Includes electroplating
pretreatment regulations proposed 1n 1978) and promulgated regulations for 13
industrial categories (includes electroplating pretreatment and timber products
processing, promulgated in 1979 and 1981, respectively). In 1983, regulations
will be proposed for 14 Industries (includes deferred segments for four industries)
and promulgated for 15 industries. In 1*984, regulations will be proposed for one
industry and promulgated for 9 (includes deferred segments of four Industries).
WQ-52
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EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,627,800 and 60.0 permanent workyears for
th.is program, of which $4,220,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and 55,407,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This is a decrease of $1,208,900 and $2,041,400 respectively, which reflects
the Agency's progress in developing effluent standards and guidelines. In 1984,
the program will continue its progress on three fronts.
Complete Regulatory Requirements: The Agency will complete technical, eco-
nomi c, stati stical , environmental Ttudies, and regulatory flexibility analyses
prior to promulgating effluent guidelines for the four previously deferred indus-
tries and the remaining six industries. The Agency will perform verification
sampling and analysis and technical studies prior to developing improved pretreat-
ment standards for new sources for the six "dirtiest" industries based on Para-
graph 4(c) of the Consent Decree. These industries discharge toxic pollutants
which are incompatible with a POTW. In accordance with Section 316{a) of the Act,
the Agency will repair tne remanded regulation for cooling water intake structures
and develop guidelines for the prevention of thermal pollution from steam electric
generating plants.
Assist State Control Efforts: EPA will provide engineering and scientific
support to Regional and State permit writers for development and negotiation of
permit limits. This will enable permit writers to make decisions based on protec-
tion of water quality at 20 organic chemical complexes and two integrated manu-
facturing complexes with combined waste streams from two more product processes.
Assistance will be provided in developing approximately 165 plant-specific permits
and 40 industry-specific general permits concerning facilities with the same or
substantially similar types of operations.
jmprove Regul ati on Devel opment; The Agency will identify innovative tech-
nologies and product substitutions which may be significantly more cost-effective
than BAT. Section 301(k) of the CWA allows for the extension of compliance dead-
lines for "Innovative technologies," where "Innovative" refers to treatment systems
which reduce pollution loadings at substantially lower costs. EPA will also pro-
vide technical, statistical and economic support to post-proposal/promulgation
litigation and negotiations on effluent guidelines.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,878,100 and 82.7 permanent
workyears for this program, including $5,429,600 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 57,448,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. Extramural funds are being used for the completion of technical Investiga-
tions, economic and statistical support, exposure and risk assessments, analytical
and sampling support, and support for litigation and remand work.
In 1983, the program will focus on the following key areas.
Eliminate Backlogs: The program will publish proposed regulations establishing
national effluent limitations and standards for 14 industries (includes deferred
segments of four industries) and promulgate effluent limitations for 15 industries.
mv . Tlle Program will assist.State and
EPA permT£ wri ters in analyzi ng and 1 nterpreti ng information on treatability of
toxic compounds, conventional pollutant cost tests, controls for toxic pollutants
not covered by national regulations, and controls for facilities that include
manufacturing processes not covered by national standards.
wq-53
-------
Through consultation activities, EPA will assist State and Regional permit
writers in resolving engineering, economic, scientific and statistical problems
arising from permitting activities based on effluent standards and guidelines.
Improve Our Regulatory Actions: The program will perform Regulatory Impact
Analyses and environmental assessments required by Executive Order 12291 and re-
view regulations which will have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
Additionally, EPA will assess samples from the Combined Sewer Overflow Study
and issue a final report, provide technical, economic, and statistical support
for post-proposal/promulgation negotiations, and develop a multi-media regulatory
approach for several emerging synthetic fuels industries including low-BTU coal
gasification, medium coal gasification, and gasohol production.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$644,100 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$644,100) This increase includes +$644,100 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports workyears in the pro-
posal and promulgation of industry category effluent guidelines.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $14,043,100 for this program, includ-
ing $4,901,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,141,800 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract resources were used
for technical analytic studies, economic and statistical analyses, health effect
determinations, and environmental exposure and risk analyses. Program accomplish-
ments included proposing and promulgating BAT guidelines, pretreatment standards,
and NSPS.
This program also prepared three regulations establishing national effluent
limitations and standards resulting from the Settlement Agreement and the Act and
promulgated three regulations; it also proposed a revised BCT methodology and BCT
limitations.
Assistance was provided to Regional and State permit writers for analyzing
and interpreting information on the treatability of toxic pollutants and nonconven-
tional treatment cost test, controls for toxic pollutants not covered by effluent
standards and guidelines, and the application of effluent standards and guidelines
to industrial processes not covered by national regulation.
During 1982, the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) reviewed
the Agency's procedures for internal review and coordination of draft effluent
guidelines prior to publication in the Federal Register. OMSE developed recommen-
dations for streamlining the internal Agency review process. These measures were
adopted and applied to the review of eleven final guidelines and eight proposed
guidelines during 1982. The streamlined review procedures resulted in a signifi-
cant saving of time. They insure that the time needed for internal Agency review
will not be an impediment to compliance with the Court-ordered deadlines for pro-
posing and promulgating all remaining effluent guidelines.
WQ-54
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 YS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control
Compliance
$8,992..!
TOTAL $8,992.1
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
$3,000.0
$3,000.0
Areawide Waste
Treatment Management
Resources
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Training Grants
(Section 104)
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL:
Abatement Control
Corapli ance
Grants Assistance
Programs
$51,338.3 $40,845.6 $54,200.0 $24,000.0
TOTAL $51,338.3 $40,845.6 $54,200.0 S24.000.0
-S3,000.0
-S3,000.0
-$30,200.0
-S30,200.0
TOTAL
$.5
$.5
$168.4
$1.6.8.4
$169.0
$169.0
TOTAL
$60,499.3 $40,845.6 $57,369.0 $24,000.0
TOTAL $60,499.3 $40,845.6 $57,369.0 $24,000.0
-$169.0
-$169.0
$33,369.0
$33,369.0
WQ-55
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget.Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,000,000 under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $33,369,000 from 1983. This total in-
cludes decreases from 1983 of $30,200,000 for State water pollution control pro-
grams under .Section 106, 5169,000 in Section 104 Training Grants and $3,000,000
for the Clean Lakes program.
Program Description
Federal assistance to the States for water quality programs is covered in
three programs: 1) Clean Lakes grants under Section 314, 2) control agency program
grants under Section 106, and 3) training grants under Section 104.
Clean Lakes Program Section 314 of the Clean Water Act sets forth the prin-
cipal administrative and technical requirements for developing a national program
to enhance the quality of freshwater lakes.
Control Agejcy Resource Supplementation (Section 106)-- These grants supple-
ment State resoWces for water po 1Tuiioh contro 1 programs. They are negotiated ann-
ually with 50 States, 1 territories, and 6 interstate compact agencies. Funds have
been directed to cover a wide range of water quality programs, including permits,
enforcement, monitoring, construction grants management, water quality planning
and standards, wasteload allocations, nonpoint source control, prefeatment, oil
and hazardous materials spill response, and other priority programs.
States also receive financial assistance for water quality program activi-
ties under Sections 205
-------
provided will be allocated according to the following priority criteria: (a)
additional funding would complete existing implementation projects; (b) would
complete projects regardless of their present status; (c) would support in-lake
restoration activities as opposed to watershed management projects; (d) would
support lake projects close to a standard metropolitan statistical area; and (e)
funding is appropriate and necessary.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estiniate
The net increase of +$3,000,000 results from the following action:
-Co.ngres si on al Ac tl on. (+53,000,000) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +33,060,000 to 'the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the Clean Lakes Program.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, 58,992,100 was obligated from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation under the Clean Lakes Program to help complete 25 existing implemen-
tation projects. The funds provided were awarded according to the criteria outlined
by the Congress, that is: (a) only existing implementation projects would be eligi-
ble for funding; (b) priority would be given to projects within a standard metropo-
litan statistical area; (c) priority would be for in-lake restoration activities;
(d) additional funding would complete the project; and (e) certification of ad-
ditional funding requests would be by the Regional and State offices.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of 524,000,000 for Section 106 grants
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a de-
crease of $30,200,000 from the 1983 level. This reduction reflects the availa-
bility of funds under Sections 205(g) and 205(j) which will enable States to carry
out priority activities such as revision of water quality standards, permits issu-
ance, and enforcement. In addition, there will be a reduced need to provide fund-
ing for management and overhead activities in grant programs which will benefit
from reduced Federal reporting and oversight requirements. At the beginning of
1984 approximately S200 million will be available to States under Section 205(g).
While the bulk of these funds will support construction grants management activi-
ties, they will be available as well to support programs that also receive funds
through 106 grants. In 1984, when funds under the 106 program are combined with
funds available under Sections 205(g) and 205(j), States will have available to
them approximately $139,000,000 to carry out various water quality activities.
State program activities primarily funded under Section 106 will continue to
include National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPPES) permitting, en-
forcement, associated ambient and source monitoring, nondelegated construction
grants program activities, and State program administration. Construction grants
management related activities will be funded under Section 205(g); the States may
also use these funds for permitting and dredge and fill activities. Water quality
standards reviews, wasteload analyses, and water quality management planning and
associated monitoring will be funded primarily under Section 205(j).
Financial assistance to the States in 1984 will emphasize both phases of the
water program strategy under the Clean Water Act. Technology based work will
Include issuance of permits for Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
(BAT) and secondary treatment limits. The States will also develop water quality
based effluent limits through identifying their priority water bodies, analyzing
the attainability of their standards, performing total maximum daily load and waste
load allocation calculations, issuing water quality based permits, and implementing
nonpoint source controls where needed to meet designated uses.
WQ-57
-------
Section 106 grants will continue to emphasize major NPDES permit reissuance,
including BAT permits and permits needed to address problems in priority water
bodies; enforcement, particularly in the area of municipal facilities compliance;
and monitoring essential to support permits issuance and enforcement. Two State
MPDES programs will be approved, bringing to 38 the number of States that have
assumed NPDES delegation. Modifications of approved NPDES programs, including
three new State pretreatment programs, five added Federal facility permitting
programs, and 10 more State general permit programs, also are expected. The other
States will continue to assist EPA with NPDES permits and enforcement.
1983 Program
In 1983, 554,200,000, including a Congressional add-on of $13,354,400, will
be used for Section 106 grants under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. These funds will be matched by over 590 million in State resources.
State activities primarily funded under Section 106 will include NPDES permit-
ting, ambient and source monitoring of toxics and conventional pollutants, enforce-
ment, nondelegated construction grants program activities, nonpoint source control
programs management, and State programs administration. Delegated construction
grants management related activities will be funded under Section 205(g). Water
Quality standards reviews, planning, and associated monitoring will be funded
primarily under Section 205(j).
Increased 1983 resources for NPDES permitting, especially issuance and reis-
suance of BAT permits, will allow the States to reduce backlogs. Enforcement
efforts al so will be strengthened, with continued emphasis on municipal facilities
compliance. States will continue to use Section 106 funds for monitoring essential
to permits issuance and enforcement. States with critical nonpoint source problems
will also continue to use Section 106 funds to initiate, where necessary, control
programs directed to priority water bodies as a necessary adjunct to existing
point source control programs*
During 1983, one more State NPDES program will be approved, bringing the total
to 36; the other States will continue to assist EPA in many aspects of permits
issuance. In addition, several States will be developing NPDES program modifi-
cations to assume pretreatment, Federal facility, and general permitting responsi-
bilities. The States will issue or reissue 750 major discharger BAT permits,
including toxics controls. Nearly 4500 State compliance inspections will be con-
ducted and the States will take increasing responsibility for compliance activities.
All States will develop analytical capabilities to support increased emphasis on
water quality based permitting, toxics control, and requests for variances as
well as strengthen their abilities to perform conventional pollutant wasteload
analyses for major permits. An estimated 19 States will manage nonpoint source
control programs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +513,354,400 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$13,354,400) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +jT3,JS?74W~ior the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the State water grants under Section 106 of the Clean Water Act.
1982Accomplishments
In 1982, S51.338.400 was obligated for Section 106 grants under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, matched by over $90 million in State resour-
ces. State activities funded under Section 106 included NPDES permitting, ambient
and source monitoring of toxics and conventiona.1 pollutants, enforcement, oil and
WQ-58
-------
hazardous materials spin response, nondelegated construction grants program activ-
ities, water quality standards reviews, nonpoint source control programs management,
water quality planning, training, and State orograros administration.
The States increased emphasis on NPDE5 permitting, especially major permit re-
issuance and Best Available Technology permits. Thirty-five States with approved
NPOES programs, an increase of two from the 1981 levels, issued and reissued more
than 12,000 permits, including 700 major permits. Enforcement efforts were also
increased, with emphasis on municipal facilities compliance. National reorientation
of EPA water programs was reflected in 1982 State workplans for water quality
standards reviews, which incorporated use attainability and site-specific criteria
considerations. Overall monitoring costs were reduced by more effective focusing
of resources on priority program needs, Section 106 support to nondelegated con-
struction grants program activities was decreased significantly.
Approximately 700 major discharger permits were issued or reissued by the
States, including permits for BAT and toxics; over 3500 compliance inspections
were conducted and nearly 1600 enforcement actions were initiated, concentrating
primarily on municipal facilities compliance. State NPOES programs were modified
to include pretreatment programs and Federal facilities permitting. Twenty-five
States were operating biological monitoring programs during 1982; about twenty
States developed capabilities to perform conventional pollutant wastelo.ad analyses
for major permits. Fifteen States managed nonpoint source control programs based on
completed water quality management plans.
Finally, a total of $500 was obligated in 1982 from existing grant funds
for water quality management planning under Section 208.
TRAINING GRANTS (SECTION 104)
1984 Program Request
We are requesting no funds for these grants 1n 1984, as EPA believes that
the Federal government has fulfilled its commitment for the initial funding
of these programs, responsibility for which should now be assumed by the States.
1983 Program
A Congressional add-on of $169,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance will
be used to support environmental fellowships at 28 universities.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +169,000 results from the following action:
-ConqTesslpnalAction. (+169,000) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of = +l69,QdOto" ttie Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation was for
academic training.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $168*400 under the Abateinent, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation. These funds were used to support environmental fellowships
at 27 universities.
WQ-59
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Dredge and Fill
Salaries 4 .Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Standards & Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control A
Compliance
EPA Oil Spill Project
Salaries & Expenses "
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Water Quality
Strategies
Implementation
52,466.5 $2,145.2 $2,334.3 $2,303.3
$207.6 S344.9 5344.9 $344.9
-531.0
TOTAL 52,674.1 $2,490.1 52,679.2 $2,648.2 -$31.0
$1,099.2 $1,223.4 $1,491.6 $1,793.2 $301.6
$4,188.3 $2,343.2 $2,343.2 $2,203.2 -5140.0
TOTAL $5,287.5 $3,566.6 $3,834.8 $3,996.4 $161.6
$3,323.3 $4,030.9 $3,733-3 $2,939.6 -S793.7
$2,196.0 $1,593.0 $1,601.0 $1,832.0 $231.0
TOTAL $5,519.3 $5,623.9 $5,334.3 $4,771.6 -$562.7
$2,787.6 52,839.9 $2,780.3 $3,853.9 $1,073.6
$472.0 $339.2 $339.2 $865.3 $526.1
TOTAL $3,259.6 $3,179.1 $3,119.5 $4,719.2 $1,599.7
$1.9
TOTAL $1.9
$9,678.5 $10,239.4 $10,339.5 $10,890.0
$7,063.9 $4,620.3 $4,628.3 $5,245.4
5550.5
$617,1
TOTAL $16,742.4 $14,859.7 514,967.8 $16,135.4 $1,167.6
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards 4 Regulations
EPA Oil Spill Project
68.3
23.4
78.4
55.3
24.3
82.3
55.3
33.3
82.3
52.3
31.4
62.6
-3.0
-1.9
-19.7
58.3
.1
55.9
61.6
75.9
14.3
WQ-60
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
EPA Oil Spill Project
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
228.5 217.8 232.5
68.6
.1
256.5
222.2
69.3
247.3
74.2
262.3
90.1
252.4
-10.3
74.1
29.7
84.0
58.2
29.1
90.7
58.8
38.9
90.4
54.7
39.5
68.1
-4.1
.6
-22.3
15.9
-9.9
WQ-61
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MATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 516,135,400 and 222.2 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $1,167,600 and a decrease of 10.3 permanent worlcyears. Of
the amount requested, 510,890,000 will be for Salaries and Expenses and 55,245,400
will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Program Description
The water quality strategies implementation subactivity covers Dredge and
Fill, Ocean Disposal Permits, Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention, and
Standards and Regulations.
Dredge and Fill -- Major activities include review of individual and general
permits, preapplication consultation, activities for Section 404(c) act-ions, early
planning and review of Environmental Impact Statements, Regional assistance to
States in planning and developing delegation proposals, as well as assistance and
oversight to States which have assumed the 404 Program.
Ocean Disposal Permits -- The ocean disposal program includes the regulation
of ocean disposal by outfalls and dumping, designation of disposal sites, develop-
ment of oceart disposal policies, and participation in interagency programs that
deal with the development and protection of ocean resources. The Agency's ocean
disposal programs are authorized by the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctu-
aries Act (MPRSA) of 1972 and the Clean Water Act, as amended, and are consistent
with the Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and
Other Matter, known as the London Dumping Convention (LOG).
To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposition of all materials except dredged material,
which is regulated by the Corps of Engineers (COE), MPRSA prohibits the transpor-
tation and dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological, and radiological warfare
agents and high level radioactive materials. EPA has statutory responsibility for
designating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention The objective of this pro-
gram is to protect public welfare, property owners", and the environment from the
hazards associated with accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products
to navigable waters of the United States, as mandated by Section 311 of the Clean
Mater Act. The Agency shares responsibility for this program with the United
States Coast Guard, which addresses those incidents in coastal areas and the Great
Lakes.
Standards and Regulations This program includes development and publication
of water quality criteria and standards regulations, and related guidance pursuant
to Sections 303, 304(a) and 307(a) of the Clean Water Act. EPA publishes guidance
on criteria for water quality, based on the latest scientific knowledge on the
kind and extent of all identifiable effects of conventional and toxic pollutants
on human health and aquatic life. Protocols are developed to provide scientific
and technical guidance to States on methods for developing criteria which reflect
site-specific conditions. EPA provides assistance to the States in applying these
protocols. Assistance in the development and review of State water quality stan-
dards is provided to ensure that attainable uses and appropriate criteria are
established. This program also includes Clean Lakes grant management.
UQ-62
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DREDGEANDFill
1984 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,648,200 and 52.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,303,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $344,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $31,000 and 3.0 permanent workyears from 1983 levels,
made possible by increased efficiency through program reforms.
The major focus in 1984 will be to increase State involvement in the 404
program, whether through program transfer or, in some cases, through development of
a formal role for States unable to accept program transfer in the future. In
addition, the Agency expects to review "over 9,000 Section 404 permits and 250
environmental impact statements with dredge or fill implications.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,679,200 and 55.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 52,334,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $344,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. In 1983, the Agency expects to complete work on clarifying the scope
of the program. Continued emphasis is on State 404 program development, and the
Agency anticipates that several States will undertake pilot programs with con-
tinuing support from EPA. EPA will also complete streamlining requirements to
facilitate additional program transfers to the States. EPA will work to expand
opportunities for State involvement in 404 activities. In addition, the Agency
expects to review over 10,000 Section 404 permits and 300 environmental impact
statements with dredge or fill implications.
1983 Explanation of Changes from B udget Estimate
The net increase of +$189,100 results from the following action:
- Rep rogrammi ngs. (+$189,100) During the development of the operating plan,
severa 1 rsprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$189,100 to'the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,674,100 for this program, of
which 52,466,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $207,600 was
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1982, the 404 Program
began development and implementation of program reforms identified by the Vice
President's Task Force on Regulatory Reform, including program delegation to
States, streamlined procedural arrangements with the Corps of Engineers, revisions
to the Section 404(b)(l) Environmental Guidelines, and clarification of program
scope, the major emphasis for the Dredge and Fill program was State 404 program
development. ^Program development .grants were made to eight States. In 1982,
the program finalized the Section 404(b)(l) guidelines, as well as the streamlined
procedural arrangements with the Corps.i In addition, EPA initiated a review of
the program in order to streamline requirements for transfer to the States. Other
accomplishments included reviewing over 10,000 Section 404 permits and over^SOO
environmental impact statements with dredge or fill implications.
OCEAN DISPOSALPERMITS
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,996,400" and 31.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,793,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
WQ-63
-------
and $2,203,200 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
is an increase of $301,600 for Salaries and Expenses reflecting increased workyear
co.sts and a decrease of 1.9 permanent workyears. The decrease of S140.000 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the completion of court-ordered environ*-
mental impact statements and consequent diminished site designation activity.
The 1984 program includes the revision of the ocean dumping .regulation and
criteria, which will provide a more comprehensive, scientifically supported ocean
disposal program. Activities scheduled for 1984 include the following:
PermitIssuance: This program will review, process, and issue approximately
60 permit applications for ocean disposal. This activity will include evaluating
and characterizing all waste samples on a case-by-case basis. EPA will review
approximately 80 dredged material disposal permits, evaluate requests by the Corps
of Engineers for waivers, review permit applications, and issue research and
special permits for incineration of wastes at sea.
Site Designation: This program will survey three potential disposal sites
for site destination purposes and eight existing sites to determine the impacts of
dumping. This activity will provide more refined scientific information on which
to base site designations^ Environmental Assessments will be prepared for ocean
disposal sites. The Agency will designate new ocean incineration sites, evaluate
existing sites through compliance monitoring, and initiate criteria development
for general incineration permits.
Criteria Development: This program will develop protocols and specific cri-
teria to be used to examine the scientific parameters for the site selection and
designation process and assessment of permittee wastes. The Agency will examine
four NOAA predictive indices which measure environmental impacts to determine the
most relevant and applicable indices in regard to ocean dumping. These indices
will be used to revise ocean dumping criteria and methods for interpreting them.
The methodologies will be verified by field testing. The new ocean dumping criteria
will then be ready to be used as tools to assess- "unreasonable degradation" and
"irreparable harm" and to scientifically determine the acceptable environmental
impact in a discharge or disposal area.
User Fee System: If appropriate legislation is approved by Congress in 1983,
the Agency win Implement a user fee system. Permit processing fees would recover
the cost of reviewing permit applications. User fees would be collected to recover
costs related to designating sites and compliance monitoring for industrial and
municipal waste disposal,
Guidance Development and Statutory Reports: The program will issue guidance
on the balancing of environmental and economic Impacts of alternative disposal
options. It will also issue an Annual Report to Congress pursuant to MPRSA and
the LDC.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating ,a total of $3,834,800 and 33.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,"491,600 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,343,200 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. The majority of the extramural resources are for site surveys, devel-
opment of environmental assessments, and site designation.
Regu1atory/Legis1 atiye Actiy1ties;: EPA will publish the modification to the
final ocean dumping reguTation to imp 1 ement the City of New York decision and to
revise and simplify the regulations. EPA will complete the design of a user fee
system, and propose legislation to the Congress.-
Permit Issuance: EPA will review, process, and issue approximately 50 permit
applications for ocean disposal. This will include evaluating and characterizing
WQ-64
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all waste samples provided by facilities applying for permits. The waste character-
istics will be examined for suitability of ocean disposal at existing sites on a
case-by-case basis. The Agency will review approximately 75 dredged material
disposal permits, evaluate requests by the Corps of Engineers for waivers, review
permit applications, and issue research and special permits for incineration of
wastes at sea.
Site Designation: The Agency will survey and monitor eight disposal sites to
determine impacts6T dumping, including more refined scientific information on
which to base site designations. Environmental assessments will be prepared on
ocean disposal sites.
Criteria Development: The Agency will test four wastes to determine their
suitability for ocean disposal, and prepare a technical guidance document on the
application and interpretation of predictive assessment techniques developed in
the laboratory. EPA will update the Section 403(c) handbook for ocean discharge
criteria to include additional industrial dischargers.
Guidance Development and_ Statutory Reports: The Agency will issue program
guidance, appropriate controls, and procedures for the Issuance of NPDE5 permits
for offshore oil and gas and other offshore industries. This activity will include
the development of a data base to evaluate the impact of oil and gas drilling on
receiving waters. The data base will establish the basis for the issuance of
of general permits. The Agency will also initiate the development of guidance on
the balancing of environmental and economic impacts of alternative disposal options,
and issue the Annual Report to Congress pursuant to MPRSA and LDC.
1983 Explanationof Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$268,200 results from the following actions:
-CoriQressiona1 Action. (+5247,600) This increase includes +3247,600 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogramminc|s. (+$20,600) During the development of the operating plan,
severalreprogrammTngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +520,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
19|2 Accompl i shments
In 1982 this program obligated 55,287,500. Of this amount, 51,099,200 was
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,188,300 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This included support for surveys of ocean
disposal sites, the development of court-ordered Environmental Impact Statements
(EISs), and site designation. The program accomplished the following.
Regu 1 atory/Legi si af.1 ve Activj ties: EPA initiated the revision of the ocean
dumping regulation in response to a 1981 decision of United States District Court
for the Southern District of New York, which ruled that the Agency must consider
the comparative risks of land- versus ocean-based disposal before precluding the
use of the ocean medium. The review of the ocean dumping regulation focused on
the development of waste characterization and on basic physical measurements. EPA
also conducted analyses on the feasibility and content of a user fee sys'tem.
Permit Issuance: The Agency reviewed, processed, and issued 38 permit appli-
cationsfor ocean disposal and reviewed 81 Corps of Engineers dredged material
disposal permits for environmental considerations pursuant to MPRSA. EPA also
issued one research permit for Incineration at sea.
UQ-65
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Site Designation: During 1982 EPA produced EISs designating three dredged
material disposal sTtes for Corps of Engineers projects, an ocean dumping site for
municipal sewage sludge disposal, and a site for incineration of wastes at sea.
The Agency worked with NOAA to collect and analyze data related to ocean dumping,
especially for use in designating suitable sites, for ocean industries operations,
and for monitoring existing sites.
Guidance Development and Statutory Report: EPA issued an Annual Report to
Congress pursuant to MPRSAandIDC,issueddraft program guidance and appropriate
controls and procedures for the issuance of NPDES permits for offshore oil and gas
and other offshore industries, and updated the Section 403{c) handbook for ocean
discharge criteria to include additional industrial dischargers.
ENVIRONMENTAL.EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
19J4 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,771,600 and 62.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $2,939,600 will be for Salaries and Expenses and $1,832,000
will be for Abatement, Control, and Compliance. This reflects a decrease of
$793,700 and an increase of $231,000 respectively. The net decrease of $562,700
reflects the decreased need for a Federal role as States gain experience.
The Agency has a 24-hour capability to respond to notifications of accidental
spills or threat of releases. Federal removal is directed at major incidents
where the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is incapable
of providing timely and adequate removal and where the States and local authorities
lack the necessary expertise, equipment, or funding.
Spill notifications will be processed to determine what, if any, response is
required. Response operations will be directed at 120 major spills to ensure
adequate response. Regions will respond on-scene at 400 removals conducted by
responsible parties or State and local authorities to ensure adequate response.
Removal by responsible parties and State and local governments is also mon-
itored by the Agency to ensure that the response is adequate. Federal regulations
require the implementation of a Spill Prevention, Control, and Counter-measure
(SPCC) plan at oil storage facilities and transfer points that could reasonably be
expected to spill a significant amount of oil into the waters of the United States.
Regional staff, with assistance from contractor personnel, conduct compliance
inspections at selected non-transportation-related (NTR) facilities included in
the SPCC program, In an effort to reduce the frequency and volume of releases that
occur.
The Agency also maintains an Environmental Response Team (ERT) to provide
Regional and State personnel with response training and on-site technical and
operational assistance at complex emergency incidents. The ERT is staffed by
personnel with a high degree of expertise 1n the areas of spill control and removal,
spill sampling and analysis techniques, and damage assessments.
Regional response capability 1s augmented through the Technical Assistance
Team (TAT) contract. This contract provides contractor workyears to assist
Regional staff and the ERT in responding to Section 311 spills and environmental
emergencies.
An estimated 2,000 Spill Prevention Control and Counter-measure (SPCC) inspec-
tions will be conducted at non-transportation-related facilities. The Environmen-
tal Response Team will have the resources and expertise to provide special on-scene
advice at unusually complex spills.
WQ-66
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19.83 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,334,300 and 82.3 permanent
workyear.s to this program, of which $3,733,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 51,601,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Con-
trol, and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is maintaining its field response program. Headquarters will
ensure overall management of the program and the Regions will be responsible for
managing response actions. The oil component of the Environmental Response Team
will provide special engineering and technical advice at an estimated 10 incidents.
Regional personnel will be available on a 24 hour basis to respond to the estim-
ated 7,000 notifications received by the National Response Center of accidental
releases of oil and other petroleum products. The Agency will respond on-scene
at 400 removals undertaken by responsible parties or State/local authorities and
will direct removals at 120 major oil incidents. An estimate 2,000 SPCC inspec-
tions will be conducted at NTR facilities.
1983 Explanationof Changesfrom Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$289,600 results from the following action:
-Reprogramniings. (-5289,600) During the development of the operating plan,
several repro'granutri ngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$297,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net
increase of +$8,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 AcconipHshments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $5,519,300 for this program, of which
$3,323,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,196,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency's Technical Assistance Team contract provided 20 contract workyears to
assist Regional staffs in directing removals at 120 major oil spills, responding
on-scene at 450 non-Federally-funded incidents, and conducting over 1,700 SPCC
inspections at NTR facilities. In addition, Regional offices received and screen-
ed over 7,000 notifications of oil spill releases.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1984 Program Request
In 1994, the Agency requests a total of 54,719,200 and 75.9 permanent work-
years. This amount will include $3,853,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $865,300 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
is an increase of $1,073,600 and 14.3 permanent workyears in Salaries and Expenses
and an increase of $526,100 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase
reflects additional work in the Regions to provide technical assistance to the
States in interpreting and implementing procedures to define water quality cri-
teria. The criteria are incorporated by the States in their water quality stan-
dards.
No funds are requested for management of Clean Lakes grant projects. . The
Agency expects to complete all remaining Clean Lakes grant projects in 1983, or
that the States will assume these responsibilities due to the local nature of the
projects.
Water quality standards are the basis for establishing pollution abatement
efforts needed to maintain and enhance ambient environmental conditions in the
Nation's waters. In 1984, the Agency will de-emphasize national criteria develop-
ment activities, which are nearing completion. The program will work to increase
wn-67
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State flexibility to set economically and environmentally attainable standards
and in the application of procedures to set criteria at levels which reflect
local environmental conditions. The Agency will implement the final rule on
water quality standards and will field test and revise guidance to reflect the
development of new or refined procedures for setting water quality standards.
These procedures cover the analyses of environmental factors affecting the
designated uses of water bodies. The Agency will adapt, test, and validate proto-
cols to develop site-specific criteria for water bodies, and will assist the States
in the use of these protocols. EPA will also review State-initiated revisions to
current water quality standards and assist the States in resolving inconsistent or
incompatible water quality standards on interstate and international waters.
Headquarters will evaluate Regional and State water quality standards programs
for application of new policies, and develop and field test technical guidance and
site-specific criteria and standards for estuaries and marine waters. Assistance
will be provided to the States to modify and adapt freshwater protocols for use
on marine waters.
The Agency will also continue to examine and improve the scientific basis of
the criteria guidance issued under Section 304(a) of the CWA, and develop specific
criteria to be used as a basis for modifying the Section 307(a) toxic pollutant
list. The Agency will also refine toxicological testing procedures for pollutants
arising from dredge and fill activities.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,119,500 and 61.6 permanent
workyears for this program, including $2,780,300 for Salaries and Expenses and
$339,200 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, Major accomplishments planned for
1983 include the promulgation of a revised water quality standards regulation,
field testing the use of guidance on setting water quality standards, assistance
to the States in applying site-specific criteria procedures, development of site-
specific criteria for estuaries and marine waters, and the transfer of Clean Lakes
Program responsibilities to State and local agencies.
Program objectives include assisting the Regions in reviewing State-adopted
standards and in resolving questions of inconsistent or incompatible water quality
standards on interstate and international waters. The Agency will continue
work to develop criteria for making recommendations on the toxicity of various
pollutants on aquatic organisms, and will continue to improve the scientific
basis of the criteria guidance. In addition the Agency is formulating and making
action recommendations on the modification of the Section 307{a) list of toxic
pollutants. EPA will propose appropriate revisions to the Section 404{B)(1)
dredge and fill guidelines to comply with instructions from the President's Task
Force on Regulatory Reform.
During the last year of Clean Lakes management, the Agency will review and
approve grant applications for the completion of existing lake restoration proj-
ects, and will continue the transfer of Clean Lakes Program responsibilities to
the States.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$59,600 results from the following actions;
-Congressional Action. (+$50,800) This increase includes +$50,800 of the
Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time
workyears provided to the Agency.
WQ-68
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-Reprogrammings. (-5110,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogr amitiirigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$110,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomp11 shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $3,259,600 and 58.3 permanent workyears. Of
this amount 52,787,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $472,000
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The contract resources
were used to review pollutants on the Section 307(a) list, to prepare criteria
documents, develop and field test site-specific water quality criteria modification
procedures, test toxicity procedures for dredged material, prepare a proposed
water quality standards regulation, assist Regions and States in conducting use
attainability analyses, and in determining the economic attainability of water
quality standards.
The program also developed the revisions to the water quality standards regu-
lation, assisted States in conducting nine case studies on use attainability guidance
to reevaluate existing stream uses by considering the environmental and economic
impact of established uses, and developed site-specific criteria development method*
ology for field testing and application in 15 States. The Agency continued to
develop criteria for making recommendations on the toxicity of eight pollutants on
aquatic organisms.
EPA Headquarters assisted Regions in reviewing State adopted standards and in
resolving inconsistent standards involving interstate and international waters. The
Agency reviewed environmental status of estuaries in relation to their economic
importance as a national resource. Additional work included publication of an
Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule Making (ANPRM) to identify alternative approaches
to the Section 404(B)(1) drsdge and fill guidelines to comply with the program
reforms recommended by the President's Task Force on Regulatory Reform.
EPA also provided technical review for 30 Clean Lakes project completion
requests and awarded grants to 25 existing implementation projects, and continued
the transfer of Clean Lakes Program responsibilities to the Regions and States.
UQ-69
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $7,566.4 $8,791.7 $8,516.7 $7,896.3 -S620.4
Abatement Control 4 S634.5 $375.7 $345.1 $595.1 $250.0
Compliance
TOTAL $8,200.9 $9,167.4 $8,861,8 $8,491.4 -$370.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $7,566.4 $8,791.7 $8,516.7 $7,-896.3 -$620.4
Abatement Control & $634.5 S375.7 $345.1 $.595.1 $250.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $8,200.9 $9,167.4 $8,861.8 $8,491.4 -$370.4
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 154,2 140.6 140.3 134.3 -6.0
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 154.2 140.6 140.3 134.3 -6.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 186.2 181.0 181.2 173.9 -7.3
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL W.ORKYEARS 186.2 181.0 .181.2 173.9 -7.3
WQ-70
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests $8,491,400 and 134.3 permanent workyears for 1984, a de-
crease of $370,400 and 6.0 permanent workyears from 1983. This request includes
57,896,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $595,100 for extramural
purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity develops water quality monitoring strategies, systems and
procedures used to identify the biological and chemical measures of environmental
quality. These measures are necessary for assessing local water quality and deter-
mining cost-effective measures required to meet local water quality objectives.
These are primarily State activities, supported by EPA. They Include water quality
sampling and analysis to identify water quality problems, their causes and relative
severity and technical studies to support the water quality management program,
including use attainability analyses. Throughout, the program emphasizes the
effective use of local, State, and Federal resources for collecting, analyzing and
interpreting monitoring data.
The program develops procedures to assist the States in using water quality
data in technical analyses including total maximum daily loads (TMOLs) and waste-
load allocations (WLAs). These analyses support the development and implemen-
tation of specific discharge effluent limitations and controls. This approach
ensures that pollution controls necessary to meet local water quality objectives
are applied in permits issued to industrial and municipal dischargers.
This program also manages national efforts to perform environmental benefit
assessments of water regulations and standards for inclusion in Regulatory Impact
Analysis (RIAs) and for fulfilling related requirements of Executive Order 12291.
This includes technical evaluations of the environmental exposure and risks asso-
ciated with the presence of key pollutants in surface waters.
Similarly, the program provides national guidance and technical assistance
for State efforts to analyze and report on their water quality and to identify
priority problem areas and needed State action to implement required controls.
These efforts also serve as an Important source of information on water quality
and program planning for the State continuing planning process (CPP) as required
under Section 303(e) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). EPA's responsibility under
Section 3Q5(b) is to consolidate the information provided by the States into a
national water quality report which discusses water quality as well as national
program management trends. The program provides user technical assistance for ADP
systems used to manage State and EPA water quality information for these types of
analyses.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS : .
1984 P rogram Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of $8,491,400 and 134.3 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $7,896,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $595,100 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This is a decrease of $620,400 in Salaries and Expenses and an increase of
$250,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The decrease of 6.0 permanent
workyears reflects a reduction in Regional resources to assist States in revising
their continuing planning processes and monitoring programs. The majority of the
WQ-71
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States will have completed this work in 1983. The increase reflects support for
the water quality based approach, specifically for the development of TMDL/WLA
guidance. Major accomplishments planned for 1984 include the following.
EPA will prepare an annual update of program guidance for monitoring and for
preparation of total maximum daily loadings and waste load allocations (TMDL/WLA).
The program will continue its development of technical guidance documents to
support the water quality-based approach (developed in concert with EPA Regional
offices, other Federal agencies, States, and industry and environmental groups).
These documents include: priority waterbody identification and ranking; improved
screening techniques for States to follow In setting priorities; step-by-step
user guidance for TMDLs and WLA models; local cooperative sampling and analysis
programs; quality assurance; and measurement of water quality results. The program
will also issue updated guidance describing the relationship between Section
303(d) waterbody priorities and key annual program priorities. Technical infor-
mation on biological screening techniques will be made available for States to use
in setting priorities.
The program will also develop a step-by-step user guidance for applying the
WLA models developed by ORD and contractors so they can be used under varying
site-specific conditions. The Agency will evaluate variability of selected treat-
ment processes and develop guidance for incorporating results in WLA calculations.
A data base for WLA parameters will be assembled (e.g., decay rates, temperature,
pH, alkalinity) and model limitations evaluated in order to provide practical
technical guidance for key steps in the TMDL/WLA process.
A program for State assistance in conducting WLAs and TMDLs will be estab-
lished. Consultation assistance to all States will be continued and direct assis-
tance on specific sites will be initiated where requested by about 10 States in
order to contend with complex or controversial situations. Assistance will
continue to focus primarily on conventional pollutants, with an initial effort on
toxic pollutants in some areas. An additional 16 States will be assisted in
revising their continuing planning processes to reflect the need for improved
monitoring and WLAs in State programs. Assistance will be granted to States, as
requested, to help coordinate local cooperative monitoring programs.
The Regions will review the water quality justification for advanced treat-
ment construction grants projects. Included in this review will be 132 projects
smaller than $3,000,000 in size. An evaluation of the water quality justification
of approximately 20 advanced treatment projects, over $3,000,000 in cost, will
also be conducted in Headquarters. The monitoring data and ambient water quality
analyses supporting State proposed water quality standards revisions will be
reviewed.
Other activities include technical assistance to States in performing water
quality analyses for the States' 1984 Section 305(b) reports, development of an
initial strategy for marine and estuarine monitoring activities, and assistance
to approximately 25 States in using the STORE! System to support the water quality-
based approach.
1983 Prog_ram
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,861,800 and 140.3 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $8,516,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $345,100 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. A major focus in 1983 is the continued development and implementation of
a water monitoring program which will improve and upgrade water quality data col-
lection, analysis, and reporting for the States in order to define uses. Addi-
tionally, EPA is assisting in developing supporting water quality criteria and
standards and will ultimately measure the results of clean-up programs.
WQ-72
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EPA is proposing and promulgating basic regulations governing water quality
monitoring, priority waterbocjy identification, conduct of total maximum daily
loads and waste!oad allocations, and other components of the water quality-based
approach, implementing Sections 303(d) and 303(e) of the CWA.
As a step toward developing a monitoring strategy for marine and estuarine
waters, the program is evaluating existing marine and estuarine monitoring programs
and sampling and analysis protocols.
To improve State monitoring programs, EPA is assisting States as they revise
their continuing planning processes. Efforts will focus on improving biological
monitoring efforts and on redirecting fixed stations to collect data needed to
support water quality decisions. EPA will also develop guidance for applying
biological principles in specific Regions and States (based upon the Aquatic Life
Survey conducted in 1982).
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$305,600 results from the following action:
-Reprggra'nmings._ (-$305,600) During the development of the operating plan,
severa 1 r ep r og r ammi h gs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -1275,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease
of -530,600 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Aceomp1i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $8,200,900. Of this amount $7,566,400 was for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5634,500 was for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Major accomplishments included the issuance of the
Aquatic Life Survey, a statistically based survey of the aquatic life (fisheries)
in U.S. flowing waters, and completion of the Section 305(b) report.
Additional accomplishments included analysis of toxic pollutant samples In
order to evaluate exposure, fate, and effects of priority pollutants. Emphasis
was placed on evaluating specific geographic areas ("hot spots") with projected
toxii pollutant problems.
The program issued a basic user-oriented program guidance for water monitoring
and for conducting TMOLs/WLAs as an aid to States in updating their continuing
planning process under the water quality management regulation.
The monitoring program also evaluated the water quality benefits for 15
advanced treatment projects, Issued policy guidance to States for preparing
biennial Section 305(b) reports, and operated and maintened the STORET System for
600 users in Regions, States and other Federal Agencies.
WQ-73
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl t'ance
Corps of Engineers
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
NEPA Compliance -
Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Municipal Source
Control
$16,430.4 $14,291.2 $16,380.8 $15,296.9 -51,083.9
$3,614.3 51,904.4 $4,529.6 $2,054.4 -$2,475.2
TOTAL $20,044.7 $16,195,6 $20,910.4 $.17,351.3 -$3,559.1
517,452.5 $17,387.4 $20,187.4 516,000,0 -$4,187.4
TOTAL $17,452.5 $17,387.4 $20,187.4 516,000.0 -$4,187.4
$1,258.5 SI,693.9 51,419.6 $1,363.9 -S55.7
$203.6
TOTAL $1,462.1 51,693.9 51,419.6 $1,363.9 -555,7
' 52,993.9 $2,282.1 $2,606.2
53,374.5 $6,210.6 56,210.6
TOTAL $6,368.4 $8,492.7 $8,816.8
-S2.606.2
-56,210.6
-58,816.8
$20,682.8 $18,267.2 $20,406.6 $16,660.8 -$3,745.8
524,644.9 525,502.4 530,927.6 518,054.4 -512,873.2
TOTAL $45,327.7 $43,769.6 $51,334.2 $34,715.2 -516,619.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
422.8
31.9
331.7
37.4
352.6
36.0
323.3
35.4
-29.3
-.6
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
NEPA Compliance -
Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facility
Construction
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
82.0 67.0 67.0
-67.0
536.7 436.1 455.6 358.7 -96.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
NEPA Compliance -
Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Fadl ity
Construction
TOTAL WORKYEARS
492.6 400.1 414.9 395.0 -19.9
32.7 39.0 38.1 36.0 -2.1
85.0 67.0 69.5
-69.5
610.3 506.1 522.5 431.0 -91.5
WQ-75
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 334,715,200 and 358,7 permanent workyears for
1984, of which $16,660,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$18,054,400 is under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is
a decrease of S3, 745, 800 in Salaries and Expenses, $12,873,200 in Abatement, Control
and Compliance, and 96.9 permanent workyears, These decreases primarily reflect
progress in delegating the construction grants program and the the transfer of
NEPA compliance resources to the Interdisciplinary medium.
Program Description
This program provides resources for management of most of the Construction
Grants program, including direct program management and project management related
activities not delegated to States.
Since 1977, EPA has negotiated Section 205(g) delegation agreements with
most States to provide for phased transfers of authority and responsibility By
the end of 1984, a total of 49 States are expected to have signed delegation
agreements with 36 of these considered fully delegated.
EPA will continue to exercise project management responsibilities in the re-
maining nondelegated and partially delegated States and Territories; to maintain
Federal responsibilities for ensuring effective, orderly use of construction grant
funds; to ensure program accountability in meeting statutory goals; and to work
with the States in implementing results-oriented program management. With the
continuing assistance of the U.S Army Corps of Engineers in priority construction
management activities, EPA is continuing to reorient its role and resources to
overall program management, State training, and State management assistance.
For budgetary purposes, Construction Grants Program Management is divided
into the following four program elements:
Facility ^Construction This program includes most
._.__
of the day-to-day management activities associated with the Construction Grants
program in Headquarters and Regional Offices.
Corps of Engl neers This program covers a range of construction management
related activities assigned to the Corps of Engineers under an interagency agree-
ment to assure the technical and fiscal integrity of waste water treatment project
construction. It includes only Abatement, Control and Compliance resources suppor-
ting the agreement.
Waste T rea tmervt Ope r at 1 ons and Maintenance This program involves development
of State programs 'to ensure that Pub! i cly Owned Wastewater Treatment Works (POTWs)
meet effluent requirements during their first year of operation. It also provides
construction grants program support in implementing the Agency's National Munici-
pal Policy.
NEPA Compliance- Municipal Mastewater Treatment Facility Construction EPA is
responsible for preparing its own Environmental Impact Statements (EISs! or, alter-
natively, determining findings of no significant impact on municipal wastewater
treatement grant actions to assure that new facilities with Federal funding are
planned, constructed, and operated pursuant to Section 511 (c) of the Clean Water
Act and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). These activities and support-
ing resources for 1984 are combined with New Source EIS Preparation and appear in
the Interdisciplinary medium.
HQ-76
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MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests 317,351,300 and 323.3 oermanent workyears for
this activity, including $15,296,900 under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 32,054,400 under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The
decrease of 29.3 permanent workyears and 53,559,100 primarily reflects reduced EPA
staffing needs due to program delegation to the States. In addition, the Agency
is not requesting 1984 resources for Headquarters Advanced Treatment project re-
views, which had been added to the Agency's 1983 budget by the Congress; the Agency
will operate these responsibilities within the requested level. Finally/the Agency
if not':, requesting funds to xbe allocated to States and institutions :to support
development of training of local personnel ici the 'operation of murticipal treatment
facilities. This training h.as promoted State self-sufficiency and improved muni-
cipal treatment facilities compliance.
With a proposed 1984 construction grants appropriation of 52,400,000,000, EPA
expects to award 597 grants resulting in 4,764 active projects at year's end. App-
roximately 1,200 projects are expected to complete construction during the year.
Of the 49 States (including Puerto Rico) with signed delegation agreements
expected in 1984, a total of 36 States will be fully delegated (including" assist-
ance provided by the Corps of Engineers), an increase of 20%, or six, over 1983.
The Agency expects this level of delegation to continue essentially unchanged for
the near future. Based on this assumption, the program may be considered as essen-
tially fully delegated. In 1984, States will provide 2,140 workyears or 68% of the
total management staffing, the Corps of Engineers 14% and EPA 18%.
With these resources, EPA will exercise project management-related responsi-
bilities in the remaining nondelegated States and Territories. EPA will also work
with the States in targeting construction grants funds to priority water quality
needs; selecting appropriate technologies; assuring that plants are within communi-
ties' financial capabilities and have the capacity for-becoming self-sustaining;
completing and closing out projects as quickly as possible; ensuring effective
facilities construction; ensuring orderly grant obligations and outlays; and con-
ducting shared EPA, State, and Corps of Engineer activities.
Using a number of water quality-related data bases and computerized analytic
capabilities developed in 1982 and 1983, EPA will work with States to implement
comprehensive, systematic, water quality based approaches for identifying con-
struction needs, improving priority 11st development, and making water quality
needs based funding decisions.
Since 1976, EPA's value engineering requirements have resulted in savings of
over S235 million. In 1984, EPA will issue consolidated value engineering guidance
emphasizing life cycle and energy cost considerations. Regions will review 132
proposed Advanced Treatment (AT1) projects, referring those with over S3 million in
incremental costs to Headquarters for review and concurrence. Based upon oerfor-
mance and cost evaluations of existing AT facilities, EPA will issue policy and
accompanying guidance on selection and^use of appropriate, cost-effective AT tech-
nologies. Through 1982, EPA saved S826,000,000 through the AT review process.
EPA will also work with States and municipalities in developing procedures to
ensure that they are able to plan, construct, and operate self-sustaining treatment
works.
The innovative and alternative technologies program will continue its emphasis
on delegation to States and implementation of a technical information system to.
assure quick utilization of advances in technology. Increased emphasis will be
placed on use of field testing and post-construction evaluation of operating
projects. Major design, process, or operations and maintenance problems will be
WQ-77
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Identified and solutions suggested; a clearinghouse will be established to ensure
design feedback to engineering firms, States, and municipalities. EPA will work
with States and municipalities in resolving sludge management problems using the
multimedia sludge management guidance developed in 1983, including selection of
appropriate technologies. Field assistance will continue to be provided to small
communities on treatment and collection alternatives and small flows management.
Construction grants guidance documents will be updated as needed to continue imple-
menting the 1981 Amendments EPA will eliminate all remaining backlogs by closing
out approximately 1,500 projects. EPA will also ensure that project completion and
audit resolution backlogs do not recur and will continue to resolve audit ex-
ceptions within six months of audit completion.
EPA, with the Corps of Engineers, will also continue efforts to ensure project
integrity and prevent waste, fraud, or abuse. EPA will conduct approximately 125
evaluations of major projects under construction to minimize potential for con-
struction and operations problems and, in conjunction with other offices, investi-
gate allegations or evidences of waste, fraud, or-mismanagement, taking appropriate
corrective actions.
The construction grants program will evaluate waste water treatment needs in
communities which have received Section 301(h) marine discharge waivers to review
current and proposed construction and identify necessary changes.
1953 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $20,910,400 and 352.6 permanent work-
years for this activity, including $16,380,800 under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and S4,529,600 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
* '
With a 1983 construction grants appropriation of $2,430,000,000 EPA expects
to award 771 construction grants resulting in 6,446 active projects at year's end.
Approximately 1,136 projects are expected to complete construction during the year.
Three additional States are expected to sign initial Section 205(g) delega-
tion management agreements, bringing the total to 49 delegated States. Of these
States, 30 are expected to have assumed full responsibility for managing the pro-
gram, an increase of nine over 1982. In 1983, States are expected to commit 2,078
workyears, or 645 of the total construction grants staffing, the Corps of Engineers
175 and EPA the remaining 19%.
In 1983, EPA will ensure that construction grants funds are targeted to iden-
tified water quality and public health needs; projects are technologically appro-
priate and within the financial capability of the communities served; appropriate
Advanced Treatment funding decisions are made; projects are expeditlously completed
and closed out; grant obligation and outlay projections are met; and optimum dele-
gation of the program is achieved. EPA will also continue to exercise project
management responsibilities in nondelegated or, as appropriate, in partially de1e~
gated States.
Construction grants guidance will -continue to be updated to reflect regula-
tory reforms and legislative changes. EPA will publish a national financial capa-
bility policy and accompanying guidance. This policy will require applicants to
demonstrate financial and management capability to construct, operate, and maintain
proposed treatment works prior to receiving a construction grant and to implement
user charge systems mandated by the 1981 Amendments. Guidance will be issued to
help States complete modifications to -their priority systems and lists, incor-
porating additional water quality criteria. Finally, EPA will allocate funds
provided 1n the Congressional add-on to States tnds instHutfdns to support
development of State self-sufficiency and improved municipal treatment facil-
ities compliance.
WQ-78
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Increased emphasis will be placed on documenting innovative and alternative
technologies, disseminating information on successful and unsuccessful treatment
processes, and delegating review and approval responsibility for these projects to
States. The Agency will continue to address the problems of small communities by
issuing guidance on comparative costs of alternate treatment works, and by continu-
ing work with communities to select effective, lower cost treatment processes.
Based, on the 1981 Admendments, a revised secondary treatment regulation will
be issued, broadening the definition of eligible secondary treatment processes.
Accompanying technical information and guidance will provide criteria for identi-
fying affected facilities and implementing the technologies specified in the
Amendments. EPA will issue Advanced Treatment (AT) Review policy and guidance to
ensure that funded AT projects will significantly improve water quality, that
reasonable benefits can be demonstrated, and that funding decisions are coordinated
with State water quality standards reviews. Regions will review 167 AT projects,
forwarding to Headquarters those projects with incremental costs over S3 million.
Staff will" also review Marine Combined Sewer Overflow projects to be funded with
the $30,000,000 Congress provided in 1983.
EPA will eliminate all remaining project completion and audit resolution
backlogs. All project completions will be referred to audit and all audit Issues
resolved within six months of project and audit completion.
During 1983, EPA and the Corps of Engineers will continue intensive efforts
to ensure construction integrity; prevent waste, fraud, and abuse; and respond
effectively to allegations or evidence of problems. EPA will conduct approximately
75 evaluations of projects under construction to minimize construction and opera-
tions problems. Program staff will take appropriate actions in cooperation with
the Inspector General in response to problems of waste, fraud, and abuse.
As a result of the 1981 Amendments, approximately 430 additional Section
301(h) marine discharge waiver applications are expected, including 100 majors,'
with total potential secondary treatments costs of $2 billion. The final regula-
tion on the 3.01 (h) program will be issued, clarifying and simplifying application
requirements. Advisory guidance on monitoring and technical support will be pub-
lished along with an overall program monitoring strategy.
The Needs Survey was accelerated to meet the mandated December 31, 1982
completionHate andrevised to reflect changes made by the 1981 Amendments.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase +$4,714,800 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Actions. (+33,995,700) The Congressional add-on to this acti-
vity was composed .0? an increase of +$350,000 to the Salaries and .Expenses appro-
priation for the advanced Wastewater Treatment construction grants projects and
+$SJ,625,200 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for .the waste-
water treatement operator training programs focusing on alleviating noneompliance
problems in Federally funded municipal plants.
(+$1,020,500) This increase includes+$1,020,500 of the $10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
-Reprogrammings. (+$719,100) This change reflects the reversal of the con-
structiongf-ants restructuring which was not approved by Congress. Since the
restructuring was proposed some six months earlier, reversing the action revised
the earlier resource estimates and resulted in a net change of +$356,000 to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
WQ-79
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During the development of the operating plan, several reprogrammings were made
to this activity which are not reportable under the Congressional reprogramniing
limitations. These changes resulted in a net increase of +$363,100 to the Sal-
aries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomp 1 !shments
Obligations for management of the Construction Grants program in 1982 totaled
$20,044,700 and 422.8 permanent workyears, of which $16,430,400 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $3,614,300 for extramural activities under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
EPA awarded 586 construction grants totaling 51,435,200,000, resulting in a
total of 8,346 active projects at year end. Approximately 1,290 projects completed
construction during the year and are operational.
During 1982, one additional State accepted initial Section 205(g) delegation,
bringing to 46 the number of delegated States and Territories; 21 of these States
assumed full responsibility for project management. States committed 1,901 work-
years to program management in 1982, which was 59% of the total program staffing.
The Corps of Engineers provided 19S and EPA the remaining 22%.
EPft proposed and the Congress enacted major amendments to the Clean Water Act
providing for more cost-effective, water-quality based targeting of funds for
publicly owned treatment works. These amendments are described in the Construction
Grants medium. Implementing the 1981 Amendments and regulatory reforms, the
Agency held seminars on the effects of the changes in the program and published
guidance consolidating and making discretionary all procedural requirements for
facilities planning, design, and construction*
Working with the Corps of Engineers, the Agency Increased efforts to elimi-
nate backlogs of projects awaiting completion, audit resolution, and closeout.
Consistent with Congressional directives, program staff resolved audit issues
within six months of audit completion. The Corps of Engineers also assisted EPA
and States in the prevention of waste, fraud, and abuse through on-site presence at
large facilties, construction management evaluations, and response to allegations
or evidence of problems identified to the program.
The Agency continued to encourage use of innovative and alternative (I&A)
technologies. Through 1982, 1900 awards totaling $189.2 million have been made to
approximately 1,10.0 facilities for innovative and alternative technology implemen-
tation. In addition, over 15,000 grant awards totaling over $7.6 billion have been
made to small communities.
*
In 1982, the Agency completed determinations on 11 pending Section 301(h)
marine discharge waiver determinations for major cities. Of the original 30 waiver
requests received from major cities, 6 were returned for further action, 16 were
approved, and 8 were denied. Cost savings for the 16 approved waivers are estimated
at $820 million.
EPA Regions referred 15 proposed advanced treatment projects with incremental
costs over $3 million to the Administrator for review and approval. EPA's Head-
quarters review of advanced treatment projects has resulted in savings of over
$826 million to date in construction costs and estimated yearly operations and
maintenance cost savings of over $21 million. ^
WQ-80
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CORPS QF ENGINEERS
1984 Request
For 1984, the Agency requests $16,000,000 under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation to support the interagency agreement with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers. This represents a decrease of $4,187,400 from 1983 due to
an Increase in the number of construction grants management activities to be
conducted by the States and an overall reduction in the number of active con-
struction projects.
This funding level will purchase 370 workyears of effort. The Corps will
continue its traditional pre-construction and construction management activi-
ties including conducting 1,170 biddability and constructability reviews to de-
termine the basic feasibility of project proposals prior to construction awards,
performing interim inspections on 1,460 projects, conducting final inspections on
approximately 680 projects, managing 46% of active projects under construction,
and maintaining pn-site presence at large, complex projects. Additionally, 1t will
continue supporting the elimination of backlogs and preventing their reoccurence,
perform an increased number of special State assignments supporting emerging priori-
ty areas, and train and advise State personnel on construction management.
1983 Program
EPA is allocating 520,187,400 in 1983 under the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation. These funds will purchase approximately 500 workyears of
effort.
The Corps will continue to perform biddability and constructability reviews,
manage 60% of active projects under construction, perform interim Inspections on
1,920 projects, conduct 735 final inspections, and maintain on-site presence at
large complex projects. Supporting efforts to closeout completed projects, the
Corps will handle construction claims, make credit determinations and grant pay-
ments, and resolve deflciences with grantees. The Corps 1s expected to perform
special assignments requested by States to support closeout efforts and other
priority needs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$2,800,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$2,800,000) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +$2,800,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the purchase of additional workyears from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to sup-
port various wastewater treatment facilities construction management activities.
1982 Accomplishments
$17,452,500 was obligated in 1982 under the Corps Interagency agreement.
These resources purchased 516 workyears of support to EPA and States in ensuring
technical and fiscal Integrity of construction projects.
The Corps performed 1,547 biddability and constructability reviews to assure
that designs were technically adequate before the construction contract- was
awarded, managed 65% of active projects under construction, performed interim
inspections on 2,440 projects, and performed 731 final inspections. Continuing
on-site presence also was maintained at all large, complex projects to minimize
WQ-81
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potential for waste, fraud, and abuse. The Corps provided significant support to
State and EPA efforts to eliminate backlogs by handling change orders, making
payments, resolving project deficiencies, and assisting other needs of the States.
WASTE T REATHENTOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests $1,363,900 and 35.4 permanent workyears under
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The decrease of .6 permanent workyears
and $55,700 represents Headquarters completion of guidance development efforts
during the year.
Implementing provisions of the 1981 Amendments, EPA will issue early in 1984
final guidance on grantee certification of plant performance following the first
year of operation, including recommended corrective actions, and continue assist-
ing States, grantees, and engineering firms to help ensure that all new facilities
meet and maintain performance requirements. Program staff will also coordinate with
Agency compliance personnel and States to assist in the implementation of the
National Municipal Policy for coordinating permitting, enforcement, and construction
grants activities to ensure improved plant performance and compliance. Staff will
help identify plants with revised treatment requirements and municipalities requir-
ing additional or new construction funding to meet water quality needs.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 51,419,600 and 36.0 permanent workyears
for this activity under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
EPA will begin developing guidance to implement grantee certification require-
ments with respect to wastewater treatment plant performance following the first
year of operation. The program will also assist in the development and implementa-
tion of the Agency's National Municipal Policy to ensure improved performance and
compliance by municipal facilities.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5274,300 results from the following actions:
-ReprogrammijK)s. (-$274,300) This change reflects the reversal of the con-
struction grants restructuring which was not approved by Congress. Since the
restructuring was proposed some six months earlier, reversing the action revised
the earlier resource estimates and resulted in a net change of -$292,300 to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation-
During the development of the operating plan, several reprogrammings were
made to this activity which are not reportable under the Congressional reprogram-
ming limitations. These changes resulted in a net increase of +$18,000 to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 31,462,100 and 31.9 permanent workyears, of
which $1,258,500 was for Salaries and Expenses and $203,600 was for Abatement,
Control, and Compliance. Emphasis in 1982 was placed on improving performance
and compliance of wastewater treatment plants built with funds authorized in
P.L. 92-500. Major treatment plant compliance Increased from 79% at the beginn-
ing of the year to 89% by the end of the third quarter. For the approximately
600 plants involved, this represents a 50% reduction in noncompllance. In addi-
tion, the annual survey of operations and maintenance required under Section
210 of the Clean Water Act was prepared.
WQ-82
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NEPA_COMPLIANCE - MUNICIPAL tiASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1984 Program Request
The Agency Is requesting no resources for this program element in the water
medium for 1984. This represents a decrease of $8,816,800 and 67.0 permanent work-
years from the 1983 levels. All resources and activities for this program are
transferred to the newly created Interdisciplinary NEPA Compliance program element.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $8,816,800 and 67.0 permanent workyears for
this activity, of which 52,606,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and 16,210,600 is
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract resources will
be used to fund preparation of EISs and related studies. The Agency expects to ini-
tiate 45 new studies in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5324,100 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammi tigs . (+$324,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammfngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5324,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 :
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 56,368,400 of which 52,993,900 was
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,374,500 was for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. In addition to ongoing work in reviewing
environmental information documents, preparing environmental assessments and issu-
ing findings of no significant impact, the Agency initiated 49 EISs and special
studies and completed three special areawlde studies.
WQ-83
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
tfAT_ER JUAUTY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement.. ,.. , WQ-85
Water Quality Enforcement .. WQ-86
Water Quality Enforcement - Legal & Enforcement Counsel- WQ-89
Water Quality Permit Issuance , WQ-90
WQ-84
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 198.3
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses 516,360.1 513,181.0 $13,267.5 $13,383.8 $116.3
Abatement Control 4 Sl.005.4 $176.9 5186.9 $203.6 516.7
Compliance
TOTAL $17,365.5 $13,357.9 513,454.4 513,587.4 $133.0
Water Quality
Enforcement - Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Abatement Control & $224.6
Compliance
TOTAL $224.6
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses 516,360.1 513,181.0 $13,267.5 $13,383.8 $116.3
Abatement Control & $1,230.0 S176.9 $186.9 5203.6 516.7
Compl iance
Water Quality TOTAL $17,590.1 $13,357.9 $13,454.4 513,587.4 $133.0
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 440.6 326.1 325.6 313.2 -12.4
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 440.6 326.1 325.6 313.2 -12.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 486.0 365.7 365.2 352.9 -12.3
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 486.0 365.7 365.2 352.9 -12.3
WQ-85
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 513,587,400 and 313.2 permanent workyetrs for
1984, an increase of $133,000 and a decrease of 12.4 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in the total is $13,383,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $203,600 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase of $116,300 and of $16,700 respec-
tively. The program includes both Headquarters and Regional resources.
P rog ram 0e s c ription
Water Quality Enforcement The Rational Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES}Enforcement program monitors compliance, initiates administrative
enforcement actions, and provides technical support for enforcement litigation
against violators of NPDES permit conditions The compliance status of permittees
is monitored through on-site inspections and the review of self-monitoring reports.
Administrative or legal actions are initiated in cases of significant noncofflpli-
ance. This subactivity covers compliance monitoring, compliance strategy develop-
ment, and administrative enforcement remedies Legal case development and referral
of actions to the Department of Justice are covered in the enforcement operations
subactivity.
Major functions of this program are identification of noncompliers, initi-
ation of informal actions to secure compliance, and negotiation leading to admini-
strative enforcement actions. Where informal negotiations and administrative
actions do not achieve compliance, cases will be forwarded to the Office of Legal
and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) for action. Technical support for such referrals
is provided as a function of this program.
In addition to the NPDES portion of the Water Quality Enforcement program,
administrative and technical support is provided for the issuance of administrative
actions against violations of the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan
requirements. Referrals are made to the U.S. Coast Guard for civil penalty assess-
ment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations (Section 3ll(b)(6)(A)) in
waters where EPA has jurisdiction, and inspection support is provided for enforce-
ment against illegal dredge and fill activities (Section 404).
Watej* jjuality Enforcement - legal and Enforcement_Counse1 In 1982 only,
this prograni"element provided contract funds to support a portion of the enforce-
ment data system and assist in case development and training.
WATER QUALITY ..ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 513,587,400 and 313,2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $13,383,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $203,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This is an increase of $116,300 and $16,700, respectively. The reduction of 12.4
permanent workyears for this activity from 1983 to 1984 is attributable to increa-
sed delegation of the program and progress in 1983 in raising the compliance rates
for industrial and municipal sources, as well as a slight reduction in non-NPDES
administrative activities The water enforcement program will continue to identify
and respond to instances of significant noncomp-1 lance with NPDES permit require-
ments and seek resolution through negotiations, administrative remedies, or refer-
rals to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel for further action.
HQ-86
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In 1984 significant progress will be emphasized by the Office of Water in two
key areas: municipal compliance and compliance by industrial facilities with sec-
ond round permits.
The NPDE.S program will continue to focus on improving the rate of municipal
compliance. Support will be provided for implementing the National Municipal
Policy, which addresses permitting, compliance monitoring, and construction grant
priorities for promoting attainment of statutory treatment requirements by July
1988. The Agency will continue the program for tracking compliance of major
and minor Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) funded under the Clean Water Act.
Where instances of noncompliance occur in completed facilities, municipal
operations and maintenance procedures will be evaluated to determine the cause of
the violation. When inadequate operation and maintenance is determined to be a.
causal factor of violations, the Agency will review past municipal plant budget
and operations records to determine if the problem is a result of inadequate
funding through the EPA-approved user charge system. Enforcement remedies will
be applied, as needed, to resolve problems of continuing noncompliance.
In 1984 the Agency will shift resources from compliance sampling inspections
to less resource intensive nonsampling inspections. These activities will involve
performance audit and municipal diagnostic inspections. As a result, there will
be a decrease of 297 compliance inspections from 2,275 to 1,978. There will be no
decrease in resources to support enforcement cases requiring intensive field in-
spections.
EPA will cooperate with the States to monitor compliance of all non-municipal
dischargers with the requirements of their NPDES permits. All major permittees and
selected minor permittees will be inspected by EPA and the States to determine com-
pliance, evaluate operation and maintenance procedures, or audit the permittee
self-monitoring procedures. EPA or the States will utilize all available admin-
istrative and judicial enforcement mechanisms, as necessary, to resolve verified
instances of noncompliance.
EPA will continue to improve the quality of self-monitoring data submitted
by NPDES permittees through the Discharge Monitoring Report Quality Assurance pro-
gram. The compliance inspection program will-be managed and necessary follow-up
activities initiated. Regional operating efficiency in the compliance review area
will be enhanced through reform of requirements of discharge monitoring reports
and improved compliance inspection strategies. Technical support for judicial
actions and follow-up programs will be provided, and a greater effort will be
focused on improving the technical capability of State programs in order for the
States to assume more of the compliance monitoring activities.
Headquarters will review and evaluate Regional compliance monitoring programs,
give guidance on compliance policy and enforcement remedies, and provide technical
and administrative support as necessary. Regional administrative enforcement ac-
tivity will be monitored to ensure nationally consistent implementation. The auto-
mated Permit Compliance System (PCS) will be strengthened and improved through
data quality assurance measures, and additional NPDES States will be encouraged
to use PCS. A complete national data base for majors will be maintained in 1984.
Hon-NPDES administrative enforcement activities will continue, but below the
1983 level, technical assistance and support will be provided to the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel in the development of civil and criminal referrals
to the Department of Justice and for follow-up and conclusion of previously
filed cases.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of 513,454,400 and 325.6 permanent workyears
to this program, of which $13,267,500 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $186,900 is
wq-87
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for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. During 1983, the program
continues to emphasize achieving an improved rate of municipal and industrial com-
pliance while working to promote cooperation among Headquarters, Regional, and
State agencies.
The compliance program is encouraging the development of greater State tech-
nical expertise and will encourage States to assume more of the compliance monitor-
ing activities. A revised strategy for the compliance inspection program has been
developed. A neutral inspection scheme, to satisfy the judicial requirement for
objective random selection of candidates for compliance inspections, wil] be
implemented. An estimated 2,275 compliance inspections will be conducted by EPA,
and eight NPDES compliance monitoring training and guidance manuals developed in
1981 will be put into use. Quality assurance will become a more important part
of the program.
Approximately 760 administrative orders and notices of violations will be is-
sued for violations of NPDES requirements. Non-NPOES administrative enforcement
activities are expected to result in approximately 512 actions under the Spill
Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures program, 915 oil and hazardous substances
spill referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard, and 300 dredge and fill compliance inspec-
tions.
Support will be provided to help NPDES States develop their enforcement manage-
ment systems and maintain their data systems. The Permits Compliance System (PCS),
used by both States and Regions, will be maintained and upgraded. Increased State
direct use of PCS and link-up with existing States systems with PCS will be encour-
aged.
1983 Explanation of .Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +596,500 results from the following action:
-Reprogr amm ings. (+$96,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograiiimirigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$86,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase
of +$10,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of $17,365,500 for this program, including
516,360,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,005,400 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Contract resources were used to meet ADP information needs, provide technical
and legal case support, and conduct monitoring and inspection training. During
1982, the activities supporting enforcement actions in emergency situations invol-
ving substantial threats to public health and safety received the highest program
priority.
The national permit compliance rate for publically owned treatment works
(POTWs) in 1982 was 82% for major dischargers. Of 2,385 facilities, only 438 were
not meeting final effluent limits for secondary treatment or better. In 1983 EPA
expects the POTW compliance rate for plants built with Federal funds under P.L.-92-
500 will be 855.
The national permit compliance rate for industrial and other nonmunicipal dis-
chargers in 1982 was 88% for major permits. Of 3,106 facilities, only 359 were not
meeting final effluent limits. In 1983 EPA expects the compliance rate for these
dischargers will be 89%.
WQ-88
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Enforcement against municipal facilities that missed the secondary treatment
deadline of July 1, 1977, was also a priority. Approximately 82 Administrative
Orders under Section 301(A)(5)(a) were issued in 1982. Permit, enforcement, and
construction grant activities were coordinated to expedite municipal construction
and increase municipal compliance.
Regional offices conducted approximately 1,763 compliance inspections, and
issued 72 Notices of Violations and 317 Administrative Orders. In States without
approved NPDES programs, EPA reviewed major dischargers' self-monitoring reports.
Technical support was provided for the development of 47 civil cases which were
referred to Headquarters for review.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
consisted of 523 referrals to the U.S Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 187 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention Control and
Counter measure plan requirements.
Enforcement of Section 404 provisions focused on identifying illegal dis-
chargers of dredge and fill material. Three administrative actions were taken.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT - Legal and jEnforcement Counsel
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this activity in 1984.
1983 Accompli:shments
The Agency is allocating no funds for this activity in 1983.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $224,600 in Abatement, Control and Compliance funds to
provide support for the enforcement docket system, case development, and training
efforts. This work was completed in 1982.
WQ-89
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses $6,770.5 56,986.6 $7,932.3 $8,659.1 S726.8
Abatement Control & $4,207.2 S3,209.9 $3,205.6 $4,741.1 $1,535.5
Compliance
Operations, Research & $700.0
Facilities
TOTAL $11,677.7 510,196.5 $11,137.9 $13,400.2 $2,262.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,770.5 $6,986.6 $7,932.3 $8,659.1 $726.8
Abatement Control « $4,207.2 $3,209.9 $3,205.6 $4,741.1 $1,535.5
Compliance
Operations, Research & $700.0
Facilities
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $11,677.7 $10,196.5 $11,137.9 $13,400.2 $2,262.3
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 177.1 163.9 201.5 187,5 -14.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 177.1 163.9 201.5 187.5 -14.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
202.0
202.0
206.3
206.3
242.6
242.6
233,1
233.1
-9.5
-9.5
WQ-90
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WATER QUALITY
Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,400,200 and 187.5 permanent workyears for
1984. This represents an increase of $2,262,300 and a decrease of 14.0 permanent
workyears from 1983. Included in the request is $8,659,100 for Salaries and Expen-
ses and 54,741,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, representing increases of
$726,800 and $1,535,500, respectively. This program includes both Headquarters
and Regional resources.
.Program Description
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPOES) permit program is
a result of a comprehensive legislative mandate in the Clean Water Act to reduce
or eliminate point source pollution from industrial, municipal, commercial, and
agricultural discharges. The Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants into all
waters of the United States unless a permit is issued by EPA or an EPA-approved
State program. A primary function of the permit program is the encouragement of
State assumption of responsibility for the NPDES program. At present, 34 States
and one territory have approved NPDES programs.
The permit is a mechanism for imposing discharge limitations on point source
dischargers based on national effluent limitation guidelines, national performance
standards for new source facilities, or water quality standards. Where national
effluent limitation guidelines have not been promulgated for a particular indus-
trial discharger, the effluent limits are set by the permitting authority using
best professional judgment based on available and economically feasible technology.
Those permits are issued case by case. Additionally, if established national
effluent limits will not reduce pollutants enough to meet the ambient water quality
standards set by the State or EPA, the permit imposes more stringent limitations
on a facility to meet the water quality standards. Permits also include time
schedules and deadlines for pollutant reduction.
Controlling discharges of priority pollutants including toxics is the major
emphasis of the NPDES permit program. Direct discharges of these pollutants into
navigable waters are controlled by the inclusion of Best Available Technology (BAT)
limitations into industrial permits. Indirect discharges of priority pollutants,
i.e, industrial discharges to publicly owned treatment works, are controlled though
the pretreatment program. This program gives municipalities and States the pri-
mary responsibility for enforcing national pretreatment standards.
Another important function of the NPDES program is to provide technical sup-
port for evidentiary hearings held on the terms, conditions, and effluent limita-
tions in permits and requests for variances from permit effluent limitations. EPA
also conducts nonadversarlal panel hearings for municipalities which have requested
marine discharge modifications under Section 301(h) of the Clean Water Act. Mon-
adversarial panel hearings are used to issue an NPDES permit to a discharger that
has not previously held an NPDES permit, as well as in decisions on variances
requested by direct dischargers.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,400,200 -and 187.5 permanent workyears for
the NPDES Permits Issuance program, of which $8,659,100 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $4,741,100 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
WQ-91
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Compliance appropriation. This reflects an increase of 52,262,300 and a decrease
of 14.0 permanent workyears. The increa.se of 51,535,500 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance will be for technical support to review marine discharge waiver requests
under Section 301 (h) of the Act- The decrease in permanent wortyears is attribut-
able to increased use of general permits, delegation of the program to the States,
and more efficient Agency procedures. The increase of $726,800 in Salaries and
Expenses represents increased workyear costs.
These resources will be used primarily for major permit issuance (EPA classi-
fies discharges as "major" or "minor" depending on effluent volume, strength,
toxics, and environmental consequences) as well as related activities, including
resolution of evidentiary hearings and determinations on variance requests for
municipalities and industries.
Priority industrial permit lists developed in accordance with the national
second round permit policy will be the basis for issuing permits during 1984.
Approximately 300 major industrial permits will be issued by EPA in nondelegated
States. ._
Increased emphasis will be given to issuing general permits, including Outer
Continental Shelf general permits. Wherever possible, consistent with legal and
environmental considerations, general permits will be issued to categories of
facilities in order to reduce the backlog of expired permits as quickly as possible
and to ensure control of pollutants from facilities which might otherwise remain
unperaitted. Approximately 60 general permits, including 10 DCS general permits,
will be issued by EPA during 1984.
During 1984, added emphasis will be given to reissuing municipal permits to
reflect Section 301(h) waivers and revisions to secondary treatment standards, and
to reduce the backlog of expired municipal permits. The Agency will issue 181
major municipal permits.
As effluent guidelines are promulgated, the number of variance requests from
industries will increase and could be significant in 1984. Approximately 600 to
850 requests each are expected for Sections 301(c) and 301(g) variances. Only the
highest priority variance requests will be evaluated during 1984. Evaluation and
review of these variances will continue into 1985 and beyond.
During 1984, requests for appeals will be granted on about 50% of the major
industrial permits issued. These granted requests will be in addition to the
requests that will carry over from 1983. An estimated 76 granted requests will be
resolved in 1984; ^73 will be resolved through negotiation and 3 will require
formal hearings. These numbers are based on the assumptions that more than 95»
of the appeals of permits limitations that are granted can be resolved through
negotiation.
Emphasis will be given to assisting in development of new State NPOES programs
and achieving necessary program modifications by States already having NPDES
authority. Such program modifications include NPDES State assumption of pretreat-
ment, Federal facilities, and general permit program authorities. It is estimated
that during 1984 two States will receive4 full NPDES authority and 18 NPOES States
will receive program modification approval. EPA will be working with NPDES States
which request EPA Regional assistance in developing permits, especially where
guidelines are not available. Such requests are expected to increase as the States
focus on more difficult high priority second round permits.
In 1981 and 1982, permits issued to most POTHs required to develop pretreat-
ment programs included schedules for submitting such programs for approval by July
1983. A small number of programs have been submitted, but a significant increase
in submittals should occur in late 1983 and in 1984. During 1983 and 1984, these
POTW programs will be reviewed and permits will be reissued to require implementa-
WQ-92
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tion of approved pretreatment programs. Fundamentally Different Factors (FDF)
requests and categorical standards determinations will continue as pretreatroent
categorical standards are promulgated.
During 1984, emphasis will be given to approval or denial of Section 301(h)
marine discharge waivers consistent with the large increase in applications fol-
lowing the December 1981 CWA amendments. These waivers are technically complex
and require contractor support to assist in evaluating the adequacy of application
Information necessary for making initial determinations on the 301 (h) request.
EPA will evaluate 80 applications for marine discharge waivers.
A major initative will continue in 1984 to review and revise the NPOES poli-
cies and regulations to reduce paperwork, improve application forms, and eliminate
unnecessary or overly burdensome requirements. Regulations reflecting litigation
settlement and Paperwork Reduction Act reforms will be proposed in 1983 and should
be promulgated in late 1983 or early 1984. Much of this activity will result from
anticipated litigation on the revisions to the NPDES and pretreatment regulations.
In addition, work groups will be formed to re-evaluate all reporting requirements
to assess appropriateness, adequacy, and use of information required of States and
the regulated public.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 311,137,900 to the Permits Issu-
ance program, of which $7,932,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,205,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Con-
tracts provide support for technical assistance for permit writers, evidentiary
hearing support, pretreatment program assistance, and general program operations.
In 1983, the program will continue to issue second round permits consistent
with the permit strategy issued in 1982, The strategy requires establishment of
priorities for industrial permits based on known or suspected impairment of uses
attributable to water pollution and on industrial categories where effluent guide-
lines have been established or where such guidelines are not scheduled to be estab-
lished. The Agency estimates that 274 priority industrial permits will be issued
in 1983.
Most municipal permits must be reissued during 1983 and beyond based on revi-
sions to secondary treatment standards, Section 301{h) waivers, Section 301(i)
extensions, pretreatment program requirements, and expiration of existing permits.
In order to avoid doubling permit issuance workload, permits will be issued in
1983 only to municipalities where subsequent revisions will not be necessary. The
Agency estimates that approximately 100 municipal permits will be issued in 1983.
During 1983, priority again will be given to the development and issuance of
general permits to the Outer Continental Shelf activities and new general permit-
ting categories. An additional 26 general permits will be issued during 1983.
Municipal permits issued to most POTWs required to develop pretreatment
programs included schedules for submitting such programs for approval by July,
1983. The Agency will focus on reviewing these POTW program submittals in 1983.
Major emphasis will continue on revising permitting and pertreatment regula-
tions. Revisions to the NPDES portion of the Consolidated Permit regulations,
based on the litigation settlement, were proposed in 1982. Additional revisions
reflecting Paperwork Reduction Act reforms should be completed by late 1983 or
early 1984. The Consolidated Permit regulations will also be revamped to provide
separate, easier to understand, regulations for each permitting program and should
be completed during 1983. In 1983 proposed revisions to pretreatmen.t regulations
will be promulgated, reflecting changes in the removal credits formula.
WQ-93
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1983 Explanati on of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$941,400 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+S738.900) This increase includes +738,900 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogrammings. (+3202,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were wade to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramroing limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5206,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease
of -$4,300 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of S11,677,7QO for this program, includ-
ing $6,770,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $4,207,200 for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and 5700,000 for the Operations,
Research, and Facilities appropriation.
In 1982, EPA Issued a total of 165 major and 914 minor permits. Of the 1079
permits, 760 were industrial (81 majors), and 319 were municipal (84 majors).
Other activities included assistance to the pretreatment program and technical
guidance on second round permit issuance with emphasis on control of toxics and
on water quality impaired areas.
In 1982, a second round permit strategy was issued which gave priority to
issuing permits in water use impaired areas and where BAT guidelines have been
promulgated. Permit priority lists were developed based on this strategy. Indus-
trial teams, composed of EPA and State personnel, developed permits for facilities
ranked high on these priority lists. These Industry team permits were used by EPA
and State permit writers as models to assist in translating guidelines into permit
conditions and to assist in developing permit conditions for industrial subcategor-
ies where guidelines are not scheduled.
Currently, 35 States and Territories have approved NPDES programs and are
Issuing permits. Two States were approved during 1982. In addition, four previ-
ously approved NPDES States received pretreatment authority, and one received
Federal facility authorization. This brings the total to 14 States with pretreat-
ment authority and 22 States with Federal facility permitting authority.
EPA continued to develop and issue resource-saving general permits for off-
shore oi'l and gas facilities. The program developed new categories of point
sources which can be included in general permits. The process for reviewing draft
and final general permits was streamlined.
The Agency continued its review of all permitting policies and procedures to
streamline the permitting process by reducing paperwork and reporting burdens on
permittees and to encourage State program approvals. As a result of this review,
the NPDES regulations and the NPDES permit application forms were revised. Reforms
based on litigation issues were proposed In 1982 and will be promulgated in 1983
or early 1984. Additional reforms covering regulations and administrative proce-
dures have been developed and will be proposed in early 1983.
In 1982, Phase I of the Regulatory Impact Analysis for EPA's pretreatment
program was completed. The review led to suggested Clean Mater Act amendments.
Revisions to the removal credit formula in the General Pretreatment regulations'
were proposed in 1982. The Agency began to review POTW pretreatment program
submittals in 1982.
WQ-94
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Drinking Water
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING MATER DW-1
RESEARCH 4 DEVELOPMENT
Dri nk1 ng Water Research "... DW-8
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards 4 Guidelines ... OW-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance.......... DW-27
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants...,...."......... DW-28
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-30
Special Studies 4 Demonstrations DW-31
Tral n1 ng , DW-32
Drinking Water Management OW-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-34
Underground injection Control Program. OW-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement... OW-41
DW-1
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DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 V5 1983
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control S
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Water
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$22,224.7 $24,515.9 $24,796.7 $24,554.5 -$242.2
$40,944.5 $31,775.9 $39,303.5 $29,893.4 -$9,410.1
$22,729.5 513,458.3 $13,858.3 $11,908.0 -$1,950.3
$85,898.7 $69,750.1 $77,958.5 $66,355.9 -$11,602.6
474.3 . 455.5 471.2 465.1 -6.1
566.4 550.8 562.4 560.8 -1.6
$80,715.0 $83,882.7 $76,760.0 $73,568.0 -$3,192.0
$90,000.0
DW-2
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DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 charged EPA with the responsibility of en-
suring that the Nation's water supplies are free,from contamination which may pose
a risk to the health of persons- In carrying out this mandate, EPA is required to
set standards for these contaminants and to assure compliance among public water
systems. The Agency Is also required to protect underground water sources of
drinking water from contamination due to underground injection practices. Although
EPA is required to establish minimum national requirements for these programs, the
Act clearly intended that the States would assume primary enforcement responsibility
(primacy) for implementing these programs. (The term "States" collectively refers
to the 57 States and Territories as .defined in the Act.) To provide incentive to
the States in their efforts to assume primacy, the Act provides that EPA offer
technical and financial assistance.
To be granted program delegations for the Public Water Systems Supervision
(PWS) or Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs, the States must first adopt
regulatory requirements at least as stringent as the Federal requirements. In
the event a State does not choose to accept primacy and on Indian Lands, EPA must
implement and enforce the regulatory requirements directly.
Over the past years, the Agency has worked closely with the States in promot-
ing primary enforcement responsibility for the PWS program. This major effort
proved to be a worthwhile investment in that 51 States and Territories now have
assumed this responsibility. In the early stages of the program, the States placed
major emphasis on achieving compliance among the systems serving the largest popula-
tions. However, as monitoring data became available, it was determined that the
vast majority of violations were in small systems serving populations of under
3,300 consumers. Because of financial constraints, these small systems have had
difficulty achieving and maintaining compliance. With this in nrind, the Agency
developed a strategy which provides these systems with alternative approaches by
which to pursue full compliance. The strategy focuses on monitoring to identify
problems and their magnitude, assessing alternative means of obtaining compliance,
and following up to require compliance whenever it is feasible to do so.
The priority given to small systems is largely responsible for the dramatic
improvement in the compliance rates with microbiological standards among persistent
violators- These violations decreased from 3% in 1980 to less than 1% in 1981.
Persistent monitoring and reporting violations decreased by 50% from 17% in 1980
to 8.6% in 1981. Efforts to Improve the rate of compliance remain the primary
focus of the PWS program in order to further ensure the Nation of the safety of
its drinking water.
Because of the high rate of delegations achieved in the PWS program and the
State/EPA partnerships which were established and have been maintained, EPA expects
to have the same success in delegating the Underground Injection Control program.
By the end of 1982, four States had received primary enforcement responsibility.
It is anticipated that an additional 23 States will be delegated the program, in
1983. Twelve additional State programs are expected during 1984, bringing the
number of fully delegated States to 39 by the end of the 1984 fiscal year.
Current priorities for the drinking water program are as follows: ,
1, Revise current health protection standards by streamlining the regulatory
requirements, presenting a more flexible approach, and extending protec-
tion against currently unregulated contaminants (where needed).
2. Improve compliance with applicable drinking water standards.
3. Delegate the Underground Injection Control Program and begin Federal
implementation where necessary.
4. Address ground water problems.
DW-3
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Revise Current Health Protection Standards
Currently, the drinking water program operates under the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDHR) In effect since 1977. These regula-
tions require that delivered drinking water be routinely monitored and satisfy the
standards for bacterial, Inorganic, organic (for certain pesticides), and radionu-
clide contaminants as well as for turbidity. A standard for the control of trlha-
lomethanes was promulgated 1n 1979. The Act mandates that the Interim Regulations
will be supplanted by Revised NPDWRs which are to provide comprehensive health
protection based on additional data. In developing these revised standards, EPA
seeks to establish a firm scientific basis for each contaminant currently regulated
as well as to develop standards, where needed, for contaminants not included 1n
the Interim Regulations. This requirement also provides an opportunity to relieve
regulatory burden through rev-few of current requirements, to weed out unnecessarily
cumbersome provisions, and to minimize the need for variances and exemptions. The
requirement to review allows EPA to consider innovations, such as more flexibility
in monitoring and reporting procedures, based on the continuing experience of the
State program and the systems. In making revisions to the national standards, the
Aoency 1s required to make two determinations. First, EPA 1s required to set the
level of contamination which precludes any adverse human health effects, called
the Recommended Maximum Contaminant Level (RMCL). Upon establishing the RMCL,
EPA then determines enforceable standards, called Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs),
for the contaminants which can be achieved utilizing generally available technology
(takinn cost Into consideration).
The complete revision of the national standards will progress in stages, by
groups of contaminants. The first group to be addressed will be the Volatile
Organic Contaminants (VOCs). Presently, this group is unregulated, but recent
surveys of systems with ground water supplies have shown that these contaminants
occur in drinking water suoplies nationwide. Moreover, a growing number of con-
tamination incidents Involving these compounds are being discovered. The Agency
1s considering the need for establishing regulations for VOCs. Should 1t be
determined that they pose a public health threat, we will propose RMCLs in mid-
1983, with proposal of MCLs in early 1984 and promulgation to follow in late
1984. Concurrently, efforts will be made to complete the development of the revised
regulations for existing standards by proposing RMCLs 1n early 1984, following
with proposal of MCLs in late 1984. The Agency will also Initiate revisions to
the Interim Regulations for Trlhalomethanes.
A major initiative proposed for 1984 1s to review scientific data to deter-
mine the threat to public health posed by newly Identified and characterized or-
ganic contaminants based on scientific data showing possible public health risks.
Althouah the Agency has already expended considerable effort Into the regulation
of organic contaminants, 1t 1s evident that the larger portion of the total organic
content of drinking water has not been characterized. This contamination is
composed of non-volatile, higher molecular weight constituents which resist identi-
fication and measurement by any but the'most sophisticated instruments. Because
of the public concern regarding the possible health risks caused by these contami-
nants, the Agency feels that the drinking water program should establish the
degree of hazard to public health by Identifying and characterizing these contami-
nants, their health risks, and their exposure levels. This will provide the basis
for possible regulatory action by the Agency.
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) program provides direct Input
Into the regulatory development process by providing current data on the toxic.ity
of the chemicals of concern* The program also pursues the longer term research
needs to provide a more accurate basis for future decision-making. A major effort
is being initiated to develop and apply methods, through observation or experience,
which will establish specifically the toxicologlcal potential of contaminants at
low dosages and in combination, without resorting to large animal populations.
ORD will support the regulatory program by assisting 1n developing estimates of
health risks and participating In review and Interpretation of assessments. ORD
also is developing a methodology to address health risks associated with multiple
compound exposure in drinking water. ORD will also provide data on the treatment
technology, performance, and cost of removing organic contaminants and will maintain
the program to assure the accuracy of water Quality measurements. -
DW-4
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Improve Compliance with Applicable Standards
Mow that the Institutional framework for the public water systems supervision
programs is in place and compliance is the rule rather than the exception, emphasis
will be directed toward achieving a greater degree of compliance among small
systems. The Agency has developed a strategy which provides a suggested approach
to achieving compliance through technical assistance and enforcement, Including
providing Information on treatment methods and institutional arrangements which
can reduce the cost of compliance.
The Research and Development program contributes towards this effort by study-
ing and providing data on cost-effective treatment technology for small systems
and by further expanding the Quality assurance program for laboratory certification.
EPA enforces Primary Drinking Water Regulations 1n States that have not been
delegated primary enforcement responsibility. This is done by investigating viola-
tions, issuing variances and exemptions to systems, and taking enforcement action
against recalcitrant systems that refuse to comply with regulatory requirements.
Maximize UIC Delegations and Implement Federal Programs
The Underground Injection Control {UIC) program is designed to prevent the con-
tamination of underground sources of drinking water caused by poor injection
practices. Development of UIC programs in both primacy and non-primacy States
will continue during 1983. Our strategy for implementation 1n non-primacy States
is to establish programs in 1983 in those 18 States which have officially notified
us of their Intent not to assume primacy. To maximize the number of delegations,
we will continue to work with those States that have not applied for program re-
sponsibility but are working toward it. Major objectives in implementing both
State anrt Federal programs Include the phase-out of all Class IV wells, which
inject hazardous waste directly Into underground sources of drinking water;
mechanical integrity testing of the existing Class I-III wells {waste injection,
oil and gas, and mining! as stipulated 1n the five year schedule in the regulations
to assure that no contamination takes place due to faulty construction; and tech-
nical evaluations of permit applications for nsw Class I, II, and III wells, in-
cluding the full Implementation of the area of review requirements.
The drinking water enforcement program will concentrate on implementing a per-
mitting and enforcement program for Underground Injection Control regulations in
States that have not assumed program delegation. EPA will also help States develop
compliance monitoring and permitting aspects of their programs as well as issue
permits, initiate investigations, and take enforcement actions.
Address Ground Water Problems
The Agency is seeking to coordinate all existing authorities and resources as
they relate to ground water, assess the extent of ground water contamination,
assist the States in developing their own ground water strategies, develop a revised
ground water monitoring strategy and a cross cutting guidance, and, where necessary,
make regulatory modifications to achieve greater consistency in program decision-
making.
The Agency also plans to establish'? coordinated ground water research effort
by expanding basic knowledge about ground water protection. The objective of the
program 1s to understand the transport and fate of contaminants 1n the subsurface
environment, to predict and estimate the movement, persistence, and/or transforma-
tion of plumes of contaminants in the subsurface environment, and to Increase
development of new technologies for use in detection, prevention, and remediation.
Being able to anticipate the potential for harm win make strategies for preventing
them much more efficient. Work is also underway on improving the means to investi-
gate and monitor contamination. In addition, the health research program will
continue to provide information on the health effects of contaminants found 1n
ground water for Agency and State use in addressing ground water pollution.
DW-5
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DRINKING WATER
Program Activities
Number of States with
primacy enforcement
responsibili ty
Public Water Systems
Supervision
Underground Injection
Control
Laboratories certified in
PWS non-prinacy States
Sole source aouifer
designation
Underground Infection
Control permits issued by
EPA in non-orimacy
States
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 vs 1983
50
4
125
2
50
40
125
4
51
27
125
7
51
39
125
5
0
+12
0
-2
215
215
295
+80
DW-6
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PRINKING WATER
RESEARCH .* DEVELOPMENT
Ori nk1 ng Water Research DW-8
DW-7
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL
1982
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
Drinking Water TOTAL
Research
(DOLLARS
$10.7
$10.7
$186.6
$11.0
$197. 6
$910.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE
ESTIMATE 1984
1983
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$1
$482.5
$1,
$2,
$9,
512,
S2,
$8,
$11,
$1,
$3,
$4,
$8,
$22,
$30,
392.9
970.2
648.2
618.4
938.2
388.2
826.4
167.0
699.6
866.6
.183.1
729.5
912.6
$1
$3
$5
$9
$3
$3
S6
$1
$3
54
$9
$13
;$22
S84.
$30.
$114.
$181.
$100.
$281.
,020.
$723.
,744.
,-928.
,198.
,126.
,153.
,726.
,879.
,078.
,679.
,758.
,447.
,458.
,905.
4
5
9-
6
0
6
5
7
2
7
1
8
3
4
7
7
6
3
2
3
5
$84.4
$30.5
SI 14. 9
$1,219.8
$723.7
$1,
$3,
$5,
$9,
$3,
$4,
$7,
$1,
$3,
$4,
$9,
$13,
$23,
943.5
928.7
198.1
126.8
153.3
226.4
379.7
078.7
679.6
758.3
464.9
858.3
323.2
$193.
$30.
$224.
$1,437.
$703.
$2,
$3,
55,
$8,
52,
$2,
$5,
$1,
$3,
54,
$8,
$11,
$20,
140.
530.
219.
749.
722.
827.
550.
107.
127.
234.
991.
908.
899.
6
5
1
5
3
8
7
1
8
8
4
2
2
7
9
8
0
8
$109.2
$109.2
$217.7
-$20.4
$197.3
-$.398.0
$21.0
-$377.0
-$430.5
-$1,399.0
-$1,829.5
$28.5
-$551.9
-$523.4
-$473.1
-$1,950.3
-$2,423.4
DW-8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS]
1.0
2.6 2.2
15.8 16.1
44.7 43.6
56.3 47.1
1
1.0 3.0 2.0
22.1 22.1
43.6 49.6 6.0
47.1 45.1 -2.0
4 Technology
Environmental Processes 23.1 22.3 22.3 22.3
4 Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 142.5 132.3 136.1 142.1
6.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.1
3.0
18.0
63.7
73.0
25.2
2.0
4.2
19.1
60.5
59.3
2.0
24.8
60.5
58.3
24.5 " 24.5
4.0
25.1
66.5
57.3
24.5
183.0: 169.6
170.1 177.4
2.0
.3
6.0
-1.0
7.3
DW-9
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Major Outputs/Milestones
Provide the Health, Monitoring
and Engineering Data Necessary
to Develop and Revise Drinking
Water Regulations.
- Provide reports on international
symposia on the health effects of
drinking water disinfectants and
disinfection by-products. (Health)
- Provide report which evaluates
the validity of extrapolation
models for tumor promoters and
initiators. (Health)
- Prepare state-of-knowledge report
on the removal of organic materials
from drinking water. (Engineering)
Provide Health and Engineering
Information to Assist States and
Municipalities 1n Complying With
Drinking Water Regulations.
- Prepare annual reports summarizing
the occurrence, cases and causes of
waterborne disease outbreaks by
year. (Health)
- Complete full scale evaluation of
aranular activated carbon treatment
for solvent contaminated ground
water (Engineering)
- Complete research report on small
system bacteriological sampling
frequency models. (Engineering)
- Prepare report on techniques for
control of bromine-containing
trihalomethanes. (Engineering)
- Provide report on candidate !
methods for tracing microbiol-
oaical contamination in outbreak.
(Health)
- Prepare annual reports summarizing
the occurrence, cases and causes of
waterborne disease outbreaks by year.
(Health)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
8/82
2/87
6/86
2/87
1/85
6/86
2/87
9/84
1/86
2/86
4/83
9/82
12/85
1/86
1/86
2/86
12/86
1/86
1/86
2/86
9/83
9/84
OW-10
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
'Major Outputs/Mil estones
- Produce report on maintaining
microbial quality in distribution
systems. (Engineering)
- Report on removal of volatile
organic chemicals from drinking
water by aeration. (Engineering)
Provide Scientific Methods and Data
for Protection of Ground Water
Resources.
- Establish ground water research
program for locating abandoned
wells, fluid movement In injection
wells, and modify and develop
monitoring equipment and instru-
mentation (continuing). (Monitoring)
- Preliminary report on methods of
locating abandoned wells (Env.
Processes.)
- Manual for the use of tracer tech-
nology in ground water Investiga-
tion. (Env. Processes)
- Report on the characteristics and
and quantity of naturally-occurring
organic materials In subsurface
environments (Env. Processes)
- Report on the cost-effectiveness of
various aquifer restoration methods
(Env. Processes)
Provide Quality Assurance Support to
Agency and State Drinking Water
Laboratories.
- Conduct 10 Regional Laboratory
Certification performance
evaluations. (Monitoring)
- Produce and distribute
52,000 quality control and
performance evaluation
samples. (Monitoring)
Actual
1982
3/84
3/84
Current
Estimate
1983
3/84
3/84
Estimate
1984
3/84
3/84
9/82
9/83
9/84
9/83
9/83
9/84
9/84
9/84
9/84
9/84
9/84
9/84
Ongoing
Ongoing Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
DW-11
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 520,899,800 and 142.1 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $2,423,400 and an Increase of 6.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total 1s 58,991,800 for Salaries and Expenses and 511,908,000 for
Research and Development, with a decrease of $473,100 and $1,950,300 respectively.
The decrease primarily occurs 1n the environmental engineering and technology pro-
gram element. In addition, the decrease reflects the transfer of $1,904,300 in
exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Desert pti on
EPA's drinking water research program provides support to States and to the
EPA Office of Drinking Water (QDWV In implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) in the areas of contaminant occurrence and health effects, analytical
chemistry, and control technology and related costs. It also develops the perti-
nent information required to support the protection of our ground water resources.
The following represents those objectives designed to Implement this program.
Objective 1. Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineerlng Data Necessary
Develop and Revise prinking Water Standards, rhf s''research '"supports ODlif in devel-
oping revised regulations (including Health Advisory guides to States and sup-
pliers) to control drinking water contaminants under Section 1412 of the SDWA by
conducting research In the areas of scientific assessment, monitoring, health ef-
fects, and treatment technology. It also provides analytical procedures for use
by the Agency, States, municipalities and operators of drinking water systems to
monitor contaminants to assure that levels established under the SDWA are not ex-
ceeded and concentrations measured are accurate pursuant to Section 1401 of the
SDWA.
Objective 2. Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking
Watei^taboratories. This research develops systems performance procedures for ori-
site evaluation and certification of drinking water monitoring laboratories and
makes possible mandatory quality assurance activities of all laboratories and
offices Involved with data collection. This ensures the production of accurate and
reliable parameters in support of regulations and standards.
Objective 3. Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and
MunicTjjallties In Complying Ml th Drlnking Water RMUlgWw. health researchIsT
sists^the States In ascertaining causes of waterborhe^lrifectious disease outbreaks
and Improving reporting of these incidences, as well as determining the hazard to
humans from exposure to infectious agents through drinking water. In control tech-
nology, this research Is directed toward the compliance and reporting problems of
small systems. This work supports technical assistance to States and municipali-
ties as required by Section 1442 of the SDWA.
Objective 4. Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground
Water Resources. This research provides the scfentff-ic oasis for the protection
of underground drinking water sources as required to Implement Sections 1421 and
1424 of the SOWA. The goals are to (1) reduce the cost of ground water contamina-
tion investigations; (2) improve the capability of predicting organic and microbio-
logical contaminant behavior; (3) determine the appropriate level of protection;
and (4) determine whether 1n-s1tu aquifer restoration 1s cost-competitive with
other alternatives once ground water 1s contaminated.
DW-12
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Peguest
The Agency reouests a total of $224,100 and 3.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 5193,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and 530,500 is for Research
and Development. This reflects an increase of 5109,200 for Salaries and Expenses
and 2.0 permanent workyears with no change for Research and Development. This
Increase reflects the need for additional resources to develop human health effects
documentation under Section 1412 of the SDMA.
Prgvi de the Health , Moni toring and Engi neerinp Data Necessary to Bevel op and
Revise Dri'nkTng_WateF Standards". Estimates oT potehti al hazard Eo human health
"from exposure to chemicaV constituents in drinking water are necessary to support
regulations and Health Advisory guidance. Revised primary drinking water regula-
tions must be finalized by 1986. Health assessment documentation for five chemicals
will be finalized and development initiated for six more contaminants.
1PP3 Program
' ..... ,J
1 In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $114,900 and 1.0 permanent work-
year to this program, of which $84,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $30,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineer Ing Data Necessary to Develop and
Revlse^prlnkinq water standards. Tfie initial drafts of health effects documents
dealing with sfl vef, l , i-di chl oroethane, and mercury are being prepared. After
peer review, these documents will be revised and released to the public for comment
in mid- 1983.
V9P3 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this prooram.
AecoropVi^shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $10,700 for this program, all of which
was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Provide Health, Monitoring yd Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and Re-
vise Drinking Water standards. Technical support was provided 55 the ODft. A
report evaluating the disposition and toxicity of uranium was prepared including
the estimation of safe drinking water levels.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1 982 Accomol 1 shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5197,600 for this program, of which
$186,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,000 was for ex-
tramural purposes under the Research antl Development appropriation. This activity,
which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Inter-
media program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 1984 Program Request, 1983
Program, and 1982 Accompli shments narrative sections appear there. ., ~
MONITORINGSYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Reauest
The Agency requests a total of $2,140,800 and 22.1 permanent workyears for
the program, of wtn'ch $1,437,500 is for Salaries and Expenses, and $703,300 1s for
OW-13
-------
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $217,700 in Salaries and
Expenses and a decrease of $20,400 in Research and Development. This net increase
reflects the strengthening of the drinking water duality assurance program by
increasing the frequency of regional laboratory audits since these laboratories
are responsible for quality assurance certification of State laboratories.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Pevise Drinking Water Standards. This program is directed towards supporting the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations and the SDWA. Standardization
of cost-effective analytical methodologies is a critical component for substantiat-
ing regulatory actions. Because of this, research will be conducted to evaluate
methods for measurement of radiohuclides in drinking water, to evaluate sampling
holding times for microbiological analysis of drinking water, and to assess alternate
membrane filter media for analyzing total col i forms.
Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking Water Labora-
tories^Research under this objective provides Quality control procedures and
gulden nes to document data quality and systems performance, provides quality
assurance support in radionuclides analysis of drinking water samples, and serves
as referee laboratory. It also provides an overview of Agencywide mandatory quality
assurance activities of all laboratories and offices involved with data collection
for drinking water. In addition, the program produces and distributes quality con-
trol/ performance evaluation samples for chemical and microbiological analysis for
the water supply laboratory certification proqram and develops and distributes ra-
dioactive standards and reference materials for radiochemistry analysis. In 1984,
support for the State laboratory certification program will be expanded to include
annual certification of EPA regional laboratories rather than the current certific-
ation of every three years. (EPA regional laboratories provide certification of
State and supplier laboratories).
Providei Scientific Methods and Data for.Protection of Ground Water Resources.
Research under this obJecfTve 1sdesignedto evaluate and assess new methods or
emerging technologies to protect our ground water resources. Work will be directed
to assess well sampling equipment and instrumentation, and to assess non-contamina-
ting submersible pumps for monitoring water supply wells. Ttie use of fiber Optics
and laser technology to monitor ground water quality will be evaluated. Further
work on the use of airborne and surface-operated instrumentation to locate abandon-
ed wells will be addressed. The feasibility of mapping underground fluid movement
from injection wells will be investigated.
1-9P3Program
In 1983, the Agency, is allocating a total of $1,943,500 and 22.1 permanent
workyears for this prooram, of which $1.,219,.800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 8723,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Devel opment appropriation.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Revise Drink|ng water Standards.the proqram provides for the evaluation of methods
for measurement °T rarfidnucTTde's, chemicals and microbiological analyses in drinking
water. Evaluation of sample holding times for microbiological analysis of drinking
water, and development of alternate membrane filter media for analyzing total coli-
forras is included.
Provide Duality Assurance Support to Agency andStateDrinking Water Labora-
torieTI This program provides quality assurance support ini radibriucTides, chemical
and microbiological analyses of drinking water samples; serves as referee labora-
tory; and provides an overview of Agencywide mandatory quality assurance activities
of all laboratories and offices Involved with data collection for drinking water
supplies. In addition, the program supports the production and distribution of
quality control and performance evaluation samples for chemical and microbiological
analysis for water supply laboratory certification, and develops and distributes
radioactive standards and reference materials for radiochemistry analysis.
DW-H
-------
ProvideScientific Methodsand pata for Protection of Ground Water Resources.
The program provides for the assessment of well sampling equipment and non-contami-
nating pumps. The use of fiber optics and laser technology to monitor ground
water quality is being evaluated. A report on the feasibility of using airborne
and surface-operated instrumentation to locate abandoned wells is being evaluated.
Alternate test procedures for chemistry, microbiology and radiocheniistry are also
being evaluated.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$199,300 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. ( + 5199,300) This increase includes +5199,300 of the
510,5 nin lion Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accompl_1 shments
In 1082, the Aaency obligated a total of 51,392,900 for this program, of
which .$910,4PO was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $482,500
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Provide theHealth,Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Revise Drinking Hater Standards.This effort included the provision for develop-
ing precise, accurate, and reliable total measurement systems for monitoring drink*
ing water supplies for official Agency use. The program provided criteria and pro-
cedures for on-site evaluation and certification of laboratories associated with
drinking water monitoring and analysis, and provided evaluation of alternate test
procedures.
Provide Qua 1 ity Assurance Support ..to Agency and State Drinking Hater Labora-
torie~s~. ruis effort provided qualTty control procedures and guidelines to document
data quality and systems performance; provided overview of Agencywide mandatory
quality assurance activities of all laboratories and offices involved with data col-
lection for drinking water; and provided support for the production and distribution
of Quality control and performance evaluation samples for radiocheroical, chemical
and microbiological analysis of drinking water supplies.
Provide ScientificMethodsand Data for Protection of Ground Hater Resources.
The program provided support for conducting feasibility studies for a hatTonal pro-
oram to locate abandoned wells, and investigated the feasibility for mapping under-
ground movement from Injection wells.
HEALTH EFFECTS
19S4Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,749,800 and 49.6 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,530,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $5,219,100 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $398,000 in. Salaries and
Expenses, and Increases of $21,000 1n Research and Development and 6.0 permanent
workyears. The decrease of 5398,000 In Salaries and Expenses results primarily
from an accounting change. In-house research support contracts, formerly funded
out of the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, will be funded in the Research and
Development appropriation where 1t is more appropriately charged. The increase in
Research and Development reflects a" increased emphasis on disinfectants and disin-
fectant by-products, and 1t also reflects the transfer of exploratory research
funds to the Intermedia program. The increase in permanent workyears reflects the
consolidation of water-related health Issues under the Drinking Water media.
Provide the Health, Monitorinq and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Revis e"Drinjcing 'fater standaird s. The health effects research program under this
ob j ective Ts desicihed: (I) to produce dose-response data on organic, inorganic,
DW-15
-------
and microbiological contaminants in drinking water which occur naturally or are
caused by disinfection or the distribution system; (2) to develop improved test
methods for developing such dose-response data; and (3) to develop methods for
improving the ability to perform risk assessments.
Health research on selected contaminants such as chlorinated ethanes, vinyl
chloride, chlorobenzene, asbestos, barium and fluoride will be completed this
year. Tin's research will help support ODW in evaluating contaminants for possible
maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) or Health Advisories.
The relative hazards associated with the use of each of the following disin-
fectants and their by-products remains to be established. Health studies will
he conducted on disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramine, and chlorine dioxide
and on byproducts of the disinfection process. Short-term and in vivo bioassays
will be applied to evaluate the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity bT these chemicals
as well as the potential for reproductive hazards.
Research will also be performed to improve methods for extrapolating health
research data. The results of this research will help determine the most appro-
priate models to use for different chemicals in risk assessments, and, further,
will contribute to resolving the controversial issues of extrapolating from high
to low dose and between species. Since the majority of chemicals that occur in
drinking water have not yet been identified and human exposure occurs in mixtures,
research will also be conducted to assess the risks associated with simultaneous
exposure to multiple chemicals 1n complex mixtures. This research is aimed at
determining whether these as yet uncharacterized chemical mixtures pose a health
risk.
Microbiological contaminants will also be investigated. This . research is
focused on development of methods-for concentrating, isolating, and identifying
infectious disease agents from drinking water and human samples to use in deter-
minina waterborne health hazards. Methods will be developed for bacteria, viruses,
parasites, and newly recognized or known agents of waterborne disease.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in ComDVying~with Drinking Hater Regulations" Section 1442 of the SDWA authorizes
the Administrator to provide technical assistance to the States or publicly-owned
water systems to assist in responding to and alleviating any emergency affecting
public water systems which present a danger to public health. Health research
under this objective will design the most cost-effective methods to Identify and
evaluate outbreaks of waterborne infectious diseases in order to aid States in
Improving their reporting. Assistance will be provided to the States to determine
the cause of outbreaks, and remedial actions will be recommended. This activity
will be conducted in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
Improved investigation and reporting methods will be developed and published in
1984, based on the results of specific projects undertaken in three states. A
publication on the annual occurrence of waterborne infectious disease outbreaks
will be produced describing the etiology of the outbreaks and the number of cases
of disease.
19P3 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating' a total of $9,126,800 and 43.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,928,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,198,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research, and
Development appropriation.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Revise Drinking Mater Standards. Tn 1983, emphasis is being placed on studying
disinfectants and disinfectant by-products, methods to improve extrapolation of
toxicologies! data,- and investigations on the. interactive effects of mixtures of
known chemicals. With MCLs scheduled to be promulgated by 1984, chemical-specific
DW-16
-------
studies which directly support MCL development for volatile organic compounds are
windino down, but chemical-specific studies to support Health Advisories are con-
tinuing. A report will be issued on the carcinogenic activity of chloroform in
drinking water, based on dose-response data developed in long-term bioassays in
rats and nice. This data is required for final promulgation of the trlhalomethane
standard.
Provide^Jjealth and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in CoffiptyingTjRth DrinKTng water Regulations. Survei l1ance and investigation of
waterborne disease "outbreaks in cooperation with CDC are continuing. Annual sum^
maries of outbreaks and water system deficiencies are to be published. Pilot pro-
jects in three states for determining more effective and sensitive outbreak surveil-
lance systems will be completed.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Aceomp 11 shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of J12.618.400 for this program, of
which 52,970,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,64fl,20Q
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Proyide the Health, Monitoring and Enoineeri ng Data Necessary to Devejop and
Revise PrTnMrtg Hater Standards. In 1982, toxicoTOgicalstudies focused on carcin-
genici ty, mutagenicity, and target organ toxicity for volatile organic compounds,
e.g., trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlproethane and 1,1,1-trichlo-
roethane. The data will be used in MCL and Health Advisory development. Research
on calcium, maanesium, lead, and cadmium was ongoing to evaluate the role of these
inoroanic chemicals found fn drinking water for cardiovascular disease. Studies on
the effects of lead on brain development were completed.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in Comely ing with Drinking Water Regulations. Technical assistance and advice were
provirted to "states and municipal 1 ties' on a continuing basis. Health effects staff
participated in on-site investigations of three waterborne disease outbreaks invol-
ving cases of viral gastroenteritis and cholera. Three studies were underway in
Colorado, Vermont, and Washington to develop innovative approaches to improve sur*
veillance of waterborne illness and provide better accounting of the actual incid-
ence of outbreaks,
EN VIROMMEHTAL E.NG I NEERI NG AMD TECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Reouest
The Agency requests a total of S5,550,200 and 45.1 permanent workyears for
this proaram, of which S2,722,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,827,400 1s
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $430,500 and $1,399,000
respectively, and 2.0 permanent workyears. These reductions reflect the decision
to stretch out completion dates for projects which are not needed 1n the near term
in order to concentrate on more immediate issues related to near term revision of
the National Primary Drinking Uater Regulations (NIPDWR). This also reflects a
decision to transfer exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Provide the Health, Monitoring andI Engi neeri ng Data Necessary to Develop and
Rev 1 sel^rinfcimi Water StanSarts, This research fulfills a continuing need to pro-
vide basic data on technology and cost to the ODW 1n support of developing and
revising the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations and their prepara-
tion of Health Advisories. Research will focus- on removal of: (1) organics, parti-
cularly volatile organic compounds (VOC's) of industrial origin; (2) organics formed
during treatment; and (3) naturally occurring organic compounds responsible for
DW-17
-------
producing trihal omethanes. Evaluation of those treatment processes still in the
development staoe for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants and investi-
oation of existing technologies for making them more cost-effective will be address-
ed. Research will be initiated on removal of newly identified organics of concern
in water supplies. Work on inorganics removal will concentrate on field testing of
various treatment systems in different raw waters and under a range of flow capa-
bilities. EPA will emphasize developing cost information for treatment processes
where such data is inadequate, and will develop cost data for entire water systems.
This will allow evaluation of tradeoffs in planning for rehabilitation of older
water systems and enhance overall water utility planning and financing.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipal iti'es
in CoiSpTylng With Drinking Water Regulations. This research addresses problems of
small water utilities and assists States and municipalities 1n complying with MCLs.
Research will evaluate treatment processes for removal of organic and inorganic
contaminants. Work will address the removal of volatile organics from ground water.
Evaluation, including costs, of package plants and processes such as reverse os-
mosis, ion exchange, filtration, and chemical coagulation for removing inorganic
contaninants will "also occur. Work on disinfection processes suitable for small
systems will be emphasized. Research will also include evaluation of treatment
processes for removal of disinfection by-products.
19P3 Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $7,379,700 and 47.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 53,153,300 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 54,226,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Provide the Health, Monitorina and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop and
Revise Prinking Water Standards. Processes such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis,
filtration and chemical coagulation are being evaluated for removing inorganics
including nitrate, fluoride, arsenic, selenium, barium, and radium as well as
turbidity and particulate matter. Studies are also being conducted to determine
factors which contribute to corrosion of distribution system piping and to evaluate
methods of corrosion control. Research on removal of microbiological contaminants
is being directed to remove organisms by physical-chemical treatment processes.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in Complying Kith Drinking Water Regulations.ETA"7sevaluatingcost-effective
treatment technologies adaptable to the needs of small systems. Progress is being
made in providing alternate removal techniques for organic contaminants such as
activated carbon adsorption, air stripping, coagulation, and oxidation. Pilot
scale and field testing of processes for inorganic contaminants Is continuing.
Simple and effective disinfecting systems for use in small systems are being
evaluated.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Pudget Estimate
The net Increase of +5500,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+5500,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Research
and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Aoency, This specific increase supports regulatory activities by evaluating
existing/new techniaues for Trihal omethane/volafile Organic Compounds (THM/VOC)
and radlonuclides removal from drinking water.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $11,826,400 for this program, of
which $2,938,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,888,200
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
DW-18
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Provi de the Heal th , Honi tori ng and Engi neeri ng Data Necessary to Devel op and
Revi se urinKing water Standards. Research Tin 1982 Ypcused orilii gti priori ty areas
in support of riew and~revised drinking water regulations. This included evaluating
data for control of industrial solvents found in drinking water and treatment tech-
nology for removal of disinfection by-products. Work also continued on developing
standardized costing methodologies for drinking water treatment unit processes.
Specific outputs included reports on control of trichloroethylene and other indus-
trial solvents found in ground water and costs of treatment processes used for
drinking water treatment.
Provide Health, and Engineering Infontiati on to' Assist Stjlg^. and Municipalises
in Complying with Drinking Mater Regulations. Research iri 1982 emphasized the needs
of small systems by providing data on the cost and efficiency of technology adaptable
to their needs for meeting MCLs. A major effort was devoted to evaluating technology
for removing volatile organic chemicals from ground water. Treatment processes
for removing inorganic contaminants in a cast effective manner were also evaluated.
A symposium on the problems of small systems in complying with MCLs was conducted
and well attended.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,234,900 and 22.3 permanent work/ears for
this program, of which 51,107,200 1s for Salaries and Expenses and $3,127,700 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of 528,500 and a decrease
of 5551,900, respectively, reflecting the transfer of exploratory research funds
to the Intermedia program. Resources for ground water research remain approxi-
mately the same as 1983 levels.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Water Resources.
This research will focus on the following three areas: (I) improved methods for
determining the transport and transformation of contaminants in the subsurface;
(2) methods for predicting the behavior of pollutants in aquifers based on subsur-
face (site-specific) characteristics and on characteristics of the pollutants;
and (3) evaluation of aquifer 1n-s1tu reclamation methods. Outputs will include
preliminary field evaluation methods for determining the dispersion of contaminants
in ground water and a manual on the use of tracer techniques to detect fluid migra-
tion around injection wells in specific hydrogeologlc settings. Transport and fate
research will integrate characteristics of contaminants and subsurface environments
in order to predict the Impacts of contamination on underground sources of drinking
water. This work also will include more complete field evaluations of microcosms,
models, and methods for determining dispersion, and will result in greater confi-
dence in the predictive capability of these methods and models. Reports on cost-
effectiveness of various technology and management alternatives In the aquifer
restoration area will be produced in 1984 and on costs of incremental improvements
in ground water quality in 1985.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,758,300 and 22.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,078,700 Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,679,600 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Water Resources.
In the method's area, detecti an metnods for parame ters important to transport' and
fate (such as oxidation-reduction potential) will be evaluated. Iff the transport
and fate area, which is directed toward prediction of contamination Impacts on
underground sources of drinking water, laboratory studies will continue to provide
data on how organic chemicals and pathogens of concern behave in the subsurface.
Research on sources of ground water contamination is being directed toward improving
DW-19
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the technology for detecting whether injection wells are contaminating aquifers
and determining the Impacts of particular injection wells. In 1982, research on
in-situ aquifer reclamation determined the state-of-knowledae concerning practices
that have been tried -in the past. In 1983, methods and data are being developed
to determine the costs and applicability of such practices.
1983 Expl anatipn of Changes^jfrom Budget Estimate_
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of $4,866,600 for this program, of which
Sl,lfi7,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,699,600 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
ProvideScientificMethodsand Dataon Protection of Ground Water Resources.
The first International Conference on "Ground Water Quality' Research was held in
October, 1981 at Rice University in Houston, Texas. In early 1982, the National
Ground Water Information Center was opened to scientists, government officials, and
the public, enabling computer-search access to the world's around water literature
through key ground water-related words. An article was published on an outbreak
of gastroenteritis and infectious hepatitis, for the first time demonstrating the
occurrence and effects of viruses 1n a ground water community water supply. Finally,
a method was developed to determine gross microbiological activity 1n the subsur-
face, a first step in predicting the potential for biological degradation of chemi-
cals 1n around water.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Tab 1_e of Co ntents
Page
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards 4 Guidelines , DW-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance.......... DW-Z7
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants. DW-28
Underground Injection Control Program Grants ...... DW-30
Special Studies 4 Demonstrations.. DW-31
Trai ni ng.... DW-32
Drinking Water Management OW-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-34
Underground Injection Control Program. DW-37
DW-21
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards 4 Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $5,226.8 55,540.0 55,599.8 $5,168.8 -$431.0
Abatement Control & $2,249.7 $2,675.7 $2,675.7 $2,595.2 -S80.-5
Compliance
TOTAL $7,476.5 $8,215.7 $8,275.5 $7,764.0 -$511.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses 55,226.8 S5,540.0 $5,599.8 $5,168.8 -S431.0
Abatement Control 4 $2,249.7 $2,675.7 $2,675.7 $2,595.2 -$80.5
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $7,476.5 $8,215.7 $8,275.5 $7,764.0 -$511.5
Criteria, Standards 4
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Criteria, Standards « 92.7 87.2 90.7 83,6
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 92.7 87.2. 90.7 83.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 111.5 102.2 105.7 100.5 -5.2
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 111.5 102.2 105.7 100.5 -5.2
DW-22
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DRINKING WATER
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,764,000 and 83.6 permanent workyears for 1984,
a decrease of $511,500 and 7.1 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in this
total is $5,168,800 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,595,200 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance, with decreases of $431,000 and $80,500, respectively.
Program Description
This activity represents the entire Headquarters component of the drinking
water abatement & control program. This involves the following:
Regulations^ Develqpment 4 Rey^ew: EPA has the responsibility to review and
revise'the existing' National Prflary Drinking Water Regulations (NPOWR) in light
of latest scientific and field evidence and, as necessary, to augment existing
regulations with standards for newly identified contaminants. This requirement
also provides EPA an opportunity to consider innovations in current regulatory
requirements to relieve the unwarranted administrative burden on State programs
and the systems themselves. The Information to be assembled and considered relates
to occurrence of contaminants, their potential for adverse human health effects,
relevant treatment technology, monitoring and reporting needs, and the economic
impact of regulatory requirements. The NPOMRs contain quantitative limits for
harmful contaminants, in the form of Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), as well as
rules for measuring and reporting contaminant levels.
The Safe Drinking Water Act prescribes a decision-making procedure for promul-
gating Revised NPDWR in which EPA must make two distinct determinations. Before
an MCL may be set, EPA must determine by rule the level which precludes any adverse
health effect, referred to as a "Recommended MCL" (RMCL). The enforceable MCL is-
then proposed and promulgated at a level which is as close to the RMCL as is fea-
sible using generally available technology (taking costs into consideration).
Complementing enforceable primary drinking water standards are health adviso-
ries prepared by EPA. Health advisories are written for unregulated contaminants
in response to situations such as spills or detection of contaminants. They are
used principally by State and local health officials to determine the course of
action to take in these potentially health-threatening situations. - The health
advisories contain a summary of scientific Information on health risks posed by
contaminants without MCLs but which may occur in some water supplies, as well as
methods for identification and removal of contaminants.
Together, MCLs and health advisories serve as benchmarks for public health pro-
tection not only in regulating drinking water supplies but also 1n other environ-
mental protection programs, notably those for managing hazardous waste disposal.
Laboratory and technical support capacity Is required for regulatory decision-
naking, helping to define monitoring requirements, conducting national sampling
surveys essential to establishing national exposure patterns, and evaluating
performance of treatment processes.
Finally, EPA has the responsibility for establishing Underground Injection
Control program regulations for preventing contamination of underground drinking
water sources by well injection of fluids. The SOWA prohibits all underground
injection that has not been sanctioned by appropriate EPA or State regulations.
Program regulations were promulgated in 1980' and 1982. EPA \% now reviewing
State applications for primacy and preparing to implement programs where the
States cannot or decline to do so.
DW-23
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Implementation of PHS and UIC Programs: To assure that the ultimate objective
of safe drinking water for the public ?s"niet, Headquarters must supervise implemen-
tation by EPA and the States of regulatory programs that apply NPDWRs and UIC
regulations. This includes preparation of guidance for better, more effective
implementation, guidance to States to incorporate regulatory changes, oversight
of grant allocations, and collection of compliance data nationwide to measure
environmental results. This also includes provision of central activities such as
data management, allocation of State grants, and other financial management and
program planning work.
Ground Water Protection: To develop a consistent effort to protect ground
water, the Agency will reorient current programs to emphasize groupd water protec-
tion goals, and work with States to develop their own ground water strategies.
The Headquarters program will coordinate ground water activities within EPA,
undertake analyses of current policies and regulations and recommend guidance on
crosscutting issues for Agency decision-making, and work with Regions to develop
effective support for States in strategy development.
In addition, States and communities frequently call upon the laboratory and
technical services capacity maintained for the development of standards and regula-
tions when drinking water supplies are put in jeopardy by contamination of water
sources. This capacity helps identify, assess, and control contamination that
poses a human health risk. As new work proceeds under the Hazardous Waste and
Superfund programs to find and confine contamination sources, more threats to
drinking water supplies will be discovered. This will increase the demand for
such advisory services.
CRITERIA,STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 57,764,000 and 83.6 permanent workyears, of
which 55,168,800 will be for Salaries and Expenses and 52,595,200 will be for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents decreases of $431,000 and
580,500 respectively from 1983. The reduction of S8jO,500 in Abatement, Control,
and Compliance reflects completion of gathering of background information for
the revision of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The decrease of
7.1 permanent workyears reflects the completion of certain standards development
work and a reduction in national management oversight of the Public Water Systems
Supervision program. The reduction of 5431,000 in Salaries and Expenses reflects
the workyear reduction and decreased ADP contract costs.
Development of Revised National Primary Drinking Water Regulations to supplant
standing Interim Regulations will be the centerpiece of regulatory development and
review efforts in 1984. In the beginning of the fiscal year, RMCLs for inorganic,
microbiological, and some pesticide contaminants will be ready for proposal.
Simultaneous promulgation of RMCLs and proposals of enforceable MCLs (as required
under SDWA) will occur by the autumn of 1984. The proposals will reflect measures
to relieve the regulatory burden developed through national workshops. Similarly,
promulgation of RMCLs and proposal of MCLs relating to volatile organic contami-
nants will occur during the year. Since EPA must proceed with development of
RMCLs before it can address the official MCLs, final promulgation of both sets of
regulations would occur in 1984-86.
This will leave regulatory provisions for radionuclides and organic contami*
nation arising from disinfection to be reviewed and finally promulgated as Revised
NPDWRs, This work will begin in 1984. Completion of the national occurrence sur-
vey in 1984 for inorganics and radionuclides will support consideration of radlo-
nucllde standards.
DH-24
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The last group of Interim standards to be reviewed for revision will be the
Trihalomethane (THM) regulations, promulgated in 1979. It was recognized when
these regulations were put into effect that THMs were only one kind of organic
chemical by-product from disinfection. As such, THMs are only a small fraction of
the total organic content found in drinking water, and the overall adverse human
health potential remains largely undetermined. In reviewing whether the current
MCL and monitoring requirements for THMs provide adequate protection, EPA must
address the broader issue of health risks posed by both the higher molecular
weight organic contaminants in finished drinking water and alternative disinfec-
tants themselves. The regulatory review will begin its work in 1984 based on the
current work of the Research and Development program's health research efforts.
Proposal of revised regulations in all these categories will better define the
list of chemicals for which health advisories will be necessary; preparation of
further advisories will proceed.
Full UIC program primacy for an additional 12 States is expected to be granted
in 1984, bringing the total number of UIC primacy States to 39. As the press to
delegate UIC programs winds down, the emphasis will shift to providing the proper
program guidance to the nationwide UIC program to ensure consistency of implementa-
tion. EPA will continue to encourage those remaining States without programs to
assume primary enforcement responsibility. Compilation of nationwide compliance
information will begin, providing the UIC program a baseline from which to consider
changes to program technical requirements. The companion compilation for nationwide
compliance with PWS program requirements will also continue, as will ongoing finan-
cial management, program planning, and policy direction.
Work to pursue a consistent approach to ground water protection will proceed.
This will include development of guidance on cross-cutting regulatory issues re-
lated to protection of ground water resources, assembly of technical information
to support State development of ground water management strategies, and preparation
of a relevant research agenda.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,275,500 and 90.7 permanent workyears
for this program, of which $5,599,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,675,700
is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Extramural funds are required for
projects to assemble the latest tdxicological information on contaminants of con-
cern, to compile data on human exposure to waterborne contaminants supporting
determination of new primary standards, to collect data on treatment technology
performance and cost and the financial impact of regulatory requirements, and to
provide analytic support and technical expertise to address ground water contamina-
tion issues.
An Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for review and revision of Primary
Drinking Water Regulations now in force will be Issued in 1983, followed by the
same kind of nationwide consultation employed in development of VOC regulations.
EPA will seek from participants their ideas on innovations, such as more flexible
monitoring and reporting requirements, that will meet the basic requirements of
regular monitoring of delivered drinking water to assure its safety. Present
standards cover inorganic, radionucUde, and microbiological contaminants, turbid-
ity, and some organic contaminants (pesticides and THMs). A national survey to
characterize radionuclide and other inorganic occurrences will be conducted in
conjunction with the revision. Recommended MCLs for the group of VOCs will be
ready for proposal during 1983. Preparation of health advisories and other general
efforts to delineate potential health risk in water supplies will continue.
During 1983, one of the highest program priorities will continue to be proces-
sing State applications for UIC primacy. Twenty-three State program delegations
are expected to be approved during the year. , Another major effort will be the
compilation of nationwide compliance data for public water systems for the previous
year. The automated data reporting systems used to facilitate this will be refined
OW-25
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in light of the experience in previous years. Applications for sole source aquifers
will continue to be reviewed as received. Management of State grant allocations
and other financial management and program planning tasks will also continue.
During 1983, EPA will orient its programs to protect ground water supplies,
prepare the ground work for State-developed protection strategies, and reinforce
ground water research efforts..
1983Explanation of Changes fromBudget Estimate
The net increase of +$59,800 results from the following action:
-Congressiona1 Action. (+$59,800) This increase includes +$59,800 of the
S10.5 mill ion' Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 jAccomFiHshments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 57,476,500 for this program, of which 55,226,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,249,700 was for Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance. Regulations development and review activities involved consideration of new
MCLs for particular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found with considerable
frequency in drinking water supplies from ground water sources. The formal process
began with issuance of an Advance Notice of Proposed Rule Making in March 1982,
starting a series of workshops to provide nationwide consultation on the full
range of issues pertinent to key regulatory decisions. A nationwide survey of
organic contamination in ground water source systems to establish specific chemical
occurrence and levels was conducted. Settlement of the last legal challenge to
the THM regulations resulted in a technical amendment to the regulation proposed
in March 1982. This resolved uncertainties over engineering remedies which systems
are expected to take to comply with the regulations.
Health advisories for 16 different compounds were prepared in 1982» In addi-
tion, EPA has responsibility to assure that substances added to drinking water
either deliberately or inadvertently (i.e., from corrosion) do not pose a human
health risk. Efforts were begun to arrange for a third party to perform assess-
nents of the health risk of additives under EPA guidance.
The first priority in assuring national implementation of the UIC regulatory
program in 1982 was to review UIC program applications received from States. The
process was completed for four States in 1982, and 20 additional State applications
were in various stages of review. Guidance documents for direct EPA implementation
of the UIC program were also developed. Through compilation of compliance data
for community water systems, EPA developed a baseline of drinking water quality
provided by the Nation's systems by which to measure environmental results. A
companion effort developed for UIC will proceed as the State and EPA programs are
implemented. The drinking water program was also designated by the Office of
Water to review the information requirements of all EPA water programs to stream-
line data collection.
A proposed approach to better coordinate the Agency's ground water activities
was developed. Starting from the prejnise that States have the lead role, the
approach reviewed what EPA can do to support the States and better implement EPA
programs to protect the quality of ground water.
DW-26
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control & $29,456.4 $23,560.0 $27,450.0 $21,204.0 -$6,246.0
Compliance
TOTAL $29,456.4 $23,560.0 $27,450.0 $21,204.0 -$6,246.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control S $6,379.9 $5,540.2 $7,074.5 $6,094.2 -S980.3
Compliance
TOTAL $6,379.9 $5,540.2 $7,074.5 $6,094.2 -$980.3
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control & $1,822.5 $1,900.0 -$1,900.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,822.5 ' $1,900.0 -$1,900.0
Training
Abatement Control S $191.1 $169.0 -$169.0
Compliance
TOTAL $191.1 $169.0 -$169.0
Underground Injection
Control Implementation
Program
Abatement Control & $21.4
Compliance
TOTAL $21.4
TOTAL:
Abatement Control & $37,871.3 $29,100.2 $36,593.5 $27,298.2 -$9,295.3
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $37,871.3 $29,100.2 $36,593.5 $27,298.2 -$9,295.3
Program Resource
Assistance
DW-27
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DRINKING WATER
State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,298,200 for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation, of which $21,204,000 is for the Public Water Systems Supervi-
sion Program (PWS) -and $6,094,200 is for the Underground Injection Control Program
(DIG). This figure represents a decrease of $9,295,300 from 1953, resulting in a
reduction of $6,246,000 for PWS grants, $980,300 for DIG grants, $1,900,000 for the
National Rural Water Association, and 5169,000 for the fellowship program. We are
not requesting funds to support the National Rural Water Association or to continue
the fellowship program.
Program Description
The intent of the Safe Drinking Water Act is that States should assume the
primary role for implementing and enforcing the drinking water and the underground
injection control regulations. Federal financial assistance, in the form of grants,
is provided to States to develop and maintain these programs. To be eligible for
grants, States must have primary enforcement responsibility.
Public Water System Supervision Program Brants this program provides grants
to States which have been delegated primary enforcement authority for implementing
a Federally approved PWS program. EPA may also use the funds allotted to a non-
primacy State to defray the cost of Federal implementation of the program.
Underground Injection Control Grants This program supports State activities
in implementing the Underground Inject!oh Control program. As with the PWS program,
should a State not accept program delegation, EPA may use the funds allotted to that
State for program Implementation.
Special Studies and Demonstrations This program has included resources for
th« National Rural Water Association for training and technical assistance to opera-
tors of small rural water systems.
Training -- This program has included funds for fellowships to State personnel
in the drinking water field, in both public water systems supervision and under-
ground injection control, and for academic grants.
PU8J.IC..WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1984 JProgram Request
The Agency requests $21,204,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance for public
water system supervision grants. This represents a decrease of $6,246,000 from
1983. Greater State self-reliance may be expected for PWS programs since most States
have had over four years of program primacy. States may offset these reductions by
introducing user fees on water systems; to pay for State costs for portions of the
program. These funds will be used by the States or by EPA for implementation activi-
ties in all 57 States and Territories and on Indian lands. Because the States
match Federal support almost dollar for dollar, the 23% reduction to the Federal
portion of this program translates to approximately half of that reduction to the
total State and Federal program.
.These resources will fund State activities to improve compliance with drinking
water regulations and to respond to Incidents in which the safety of drinking water
supplies is threatened. These include program 'and financial management, development
of State annual reports, maintenance of emergency response plans, and granting of
variances and exemptions. The Agency is considering the need for establishing regu-
lations for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs). Should it be determine that VOCs
DW-28
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pose a health risk and regulations are developed, the States then will be required
to initiate regulatory changes to include this requirement and to begin to certify
State laboratories for conducting analyses required by this regulation. They
will maintain inventories of public water systems and recordkeeping systems for
compliance data. The States will also provide surveillance and technical assist-
ance to public water systems by conducting sanitary surveys, collecting and analyz-
ing samples, and reviewing sampling data submitted by the systems and laboratories.
By developing expertise at the State level through training, the States are able
to provide advice and assistance to public water systems regarding operation,
maintenance, treatment, and quality control. This type of assistance will contri-
bute to attaining full compliance.
1983 Program
The Agency 1s allocating $27,450,000 for public water systems supervision
grants to 57 States under Abatement, Control and Compliance. Changes were made to
the Agency general grant, regulations to provide EPA the use of grant funds allot-
ted to non-primacy States for direct Implementation activities. Fifty-one primacy
States are receiving grants, and the Regions are using the funds allotted to the
remaining six non-primacy States for £PA implementation activities. The States
continue to maintain their current programs by providing the necessary administra-
tive functions requisite for smooth operation of the program such as program plan-
ning and management, compilation of annual compliance reports, and maintenance of
an emergency response capability. They also assist in the event of waterborne
communicable diseases and direct their efforts toward those instances where major
health threats are involved.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of +33,890,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$3,890,000) The Congressional add-on to this ac-
tivity of +$3,890,QdQ to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was
for the State drinking water grants programs.
1982Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $29,456,400 under Abatement, Control and Compliance to
the 50 States and Territories which had assumed primary enforcement responsibility.
During 1981 the compliance rate among the 59,000 community systems with the
microbiological MCL was 91.55. Of the systems not complying, less than 1% were
persistent violators, a decrease of over 665 from 1980, when 3% of the systems were
persistent violators. While the final figures for 1982 are not yet available, 1t
is estimated that the compliance rate will continue to Increase.
Maintaining compliance through surveillance and technical assistance was the
major activity funded by the grants. Emphasis was also placed on conducting sani-
tary surveys 1n systems which proved to be persistent violators of bacteriological
or turbidity requirements or violators of other MCL requirements. The States
followed up to ensure compliance was achieved and, when necessary, initiated en-
forcement actions. A portion of the grant was devoted to ongoing management
activities, which included coordination1 with other State and Federal programs and
local institutions, preparation of regulatory changes required by State legislation
or Federal regulatory amendments, administrative activities, and grants management.
Other major accomplishments included the assurance that systems were effec-
tively monitoring for compliance with the trihalomethane (THM) regulations. These
regulations were promulgated by the Agency in November 1979 and required that
systems serving populations between 10,000 and 75,000 begin monitoring for THMs
1n 1982 with full enforcement of the regulations 1n 1983. By the end of 1982, 31
States had adopted the THM regulations.
DW-29
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UNDERGROUND^ iNJECTIOH CpNTROlJ>ROGIW _GRANTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests $6,094,200 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, a
decrease of 5980,300, which reflects savings due to program reform, particularly
by providing greater flexibility in program implementation and simplifying ad-
ministrative requirements and State reporting requirements for the grants. The
funds will support State and EPA implementation of the UIC program in all 57 States
and Territories and on Indian Lands. States must have primacy to be eligible for
funding. During 1984, an additional 12 States will achieve primacy, leaving 18
States and Territories and Indian lands where EPA must implement the program.
The States or EPA will initiate or continue permitting activities for new
Class 1 (waste disposal), II (oil and gas), and III (mining) wells, conduct on-site
inspection of Class I, II, and III wells to ensure that no contamination of under*
ground drinking water sources occurs, monitor compliance reports, oversee mechanical
integrity testing to ascertain whether or not wells are properly constructed to
prevent possible contamination, and begin the closure of wells injecting hazardous
waste into underground water sources. The States will also develop an emergency
response program which will provide them with a greater response capability in the
event of an emergency.
1983 Proaram i
The Agency is allocating $7,074,500 under Abatement, Control and Compliance
for use in Implementing Underground Injection Control programs. Grants will be
awarded to the 39 States which either have primacy or are working toward primacy.
EPA will use the funds allotted to the remaining States for direct Implementation.
At this time, States are at various stages of implementing the UIC programs. The
primacy States will begin Issuing permits for new Class I, II and III wells, con-
ducting on-site surveillance Inspections, and collecting and reviewing mechanical
integrity testing data. In the remaining States which have indicated their intent
to assume primacy, emphasis will be placed on program development activities such
as completing the necessary regulatory and statutory revisions, conducting public
hearings, developing primacy applications, conducting inventories, and completing
aquifer maoping. Depending upon when these States apply for and receive primacy,
a percentage of their grant could support the initiation of permitting and surveil-
lance activities, EPA direct implementation activities will Include developing
State-specific regulations, publishing the proposed program in the Federal Regis*
ter, starting the assessment of Class V (miscellaneous injection) wells, establish-
ing procedures for review and issuance of permits, and reviewing and organizing
data as well as establishing a data system to maintain inventory and compliance
data.
of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of +$1 ,534,300 results from the following action:
-Congressional ; Action. (+$1,534,300) The Congressional add-on to this ac-
t1 v1 tyJ°bf '+Sf ~,$S 1,300" to P the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was
for the Underground Injection Control State grants program.
Accompli ishments
The Agency obligated a total of $6,379,900 under Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance to support Implementation of the Underground Injection Control program in
57 States and Territories and on Indian Lands. Also in 1982 EPA obligated $21,400
of Abatement, Control and Compliance funds for the UIC Implementation Program.
Those activities have continued under the UIC Grants program element.
;DW-30
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The major activity supported by the grants was the review of existing State
laws and regulations, modification of these laws and regulations to conform with
Federal requirements, development of primacy applications including conducting
public hearings, completion of remaining aquifer mapping and well inventories,
assessment of Class V wells, training of well operators, and assistance in emer-
gencies. In direct implementation States, EPA funded support activities which
are necessary to implement a Federal program, such as inventories, assessments,
training, and public meetings.
JPECIAL SJUDIES AMP DEMONSTRATIONS
1984 Program Request
No funding is requested for 1984 because EPA believes that the National Rural
Water Association has demonstrated the effectiveness of establishing grass-roots
organizations to provide training and technical assistance to small water systems.
EPA has allotted $9.4 million to this effort since 1977 to improve compliance with
the SDWA among small rural water systems. The Agency believes that the State
associations should be able to move toward self-sufficiency through the use of
dues and training fees.
The Agency is allocating through a Congressional add-on a total of SI, 900, 000
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for this program. These
funds continue to support the efforts of the National Rural Water Association
to improve compliance with the SDWA among small rural water systems. The program
is being expanded to include two additional State associations, bringing the total
of States participating to 33. With this support, it Is estimated that approxima-
tely 400 workshops will be held by the States to train operators of the small
systems in the requirements of the SDWA. Five States continue their training
program specifically for Indian lands. Approximately 15,000 operators will bene-
fit from these courses. The State associations are expected to provide technical
assistance to an estimated 10,000 cases.
1983 Explanation of Change^Jrom Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$1,900,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Actl on . (+$1,900,000) The Congressional add-on to this ac-
tivity of +51,900,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was
for the State rural water training and technical assistance programs.
1982
During 1982, the Agency obligated a total of SI, 822, 500 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation to support activities of the National Rural
Water Association. During this time, the NRWA provided funds to 31 State associa-
tions. With this support, the States were required to conduct at least 12 work-
shops at which small rural water system operators were trained 1n all facets of
water system operations, maintenance, and management. The goal of this training
program Is to improve the compliance rate among these small rural systems. Over
10,000 operators representing over 7,500 water systems received this on-site train-
ing. The Association also Initiated similar training programs designed to meet
the needs of system operators on Indian lands 1n five States. The NRWA_ also
provided technical assistance in over 8,000 instances.
DW-31
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TRAINING
1984 Program Request
There is no request because EPA believes that there are sufficient oppor-
tunities for State personnel to obtain further training in environmental and public
health fields without Federal support.
1983 Prograji
The Agency 1s allocating through a Congressional add-on a total of $159,000
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds will con-
tinue to support the fellowship program for State agency personnel in areas relat-
ing to the public water systems supervision and underground injection control
programs. This assistance will also provide for academic grants to universities.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$169,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$169,000) The Congressional add-on to this ac-
11 v 1 ty of1+ i 169,000 to ihe 'Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
academic training.
1982Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $191,100 under the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation. These funds were used to provide academic training to 73 State
agency personnel Involved in public water system supervision programs and in ground
water management.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries & Expenses 55,353.3 $4,698.2 $5,018.3 $4,992.9 -525.4
Abatement Control & 5781.3 $34.3 -$34.3
Compliance
TOTAL 56,134.6 54,698.2 $5,052.6 54,992.9 -559.7
Underground Injection
Control Program
Salaries A Expenses $2,776.1 $3,974.4 53,831.6 $4,286.7 $455.1
Abatement Control 4 542.2
Compliance
TOTAL $2,818.3 53,974.4 $3,831.6 $4,286.7 $455.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $8,129.4 $8,672.6 $8,849.9 $9,279.6 $429.7
Abatement Control & $823.5 $34.3 -534.3
Com pi iance
Drinking Water TOTAL $8,952.9 $8,672.6 $8,884.2 $9,279.6 $395.4
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 145.1 128.1 128.1 119.1 -9.0
Supervision Program
Assistance ,
Underground Injection 73.7 82.2 90.6 90.6
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 218.8 210.3 218.7 209.7 -9.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 158.9 142.5 142.3 132.4 -9.9
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 91.8 110.8 118.6 120.8 2.2
Control Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 250.7 253.3 260.9 253.2 -7.7
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 59,279,600 and 209.7 permanent workyears for
1984 for Salaries and Expenses. This represents an increase of $429,700 in Sala-
ries and Expenses and decreases of $34,300 in Abatement, Control and Compliance
and 9.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
Prpgram Descrjjitijifi
This subactivity, composed of two programs, includes EPA Regional efforts to
prevent and control the contamination of drinking water supplies and their sources.
The Public Water Systems Supervision program (PWS) relates to applying primary
drinking water regulations to water supplies to assure safe drinking water. The
Underground Injection Control program (UIC) regulates a potential threat to under-
ground drinking water sources, and also covers two complementary efforts: designa-
tion and scrutiny of sole source aquifers and, in the near future, support to
State strategy efforts to protect ground water from contamination.
Both programs involve three general functions. The first is direct implemen-
tation of regulatory provisions in States not delegated primary enforcement respon-
sibility and on Indian lands. The second involves a cooperative effort with
primacy States to develop and maintain programs in light of regulatory and tech-
nical developments and to assure that the Federal mandates are being fully Imple-
mented. The third function involves those responsibilities intrinsic to a Regional
presence, including program management and support, close consultation with other
Federally mandated waste management programs, and advisory services for State and
local officials.
Public Water Systems Supervision -- This program includes Regional activities
related to imp!ementing dririicirig"water regulations. The Regional Offices support
States in administering PWS programs and implement programs in those States
which do not have primacy and on Indian lands, where States do not have civil
.jurisdiction. The Regions assist States where specific problems are identified,
evaluate State programs, and administer PWS grants,
Underground Injection Control This program includes Regional activities
related to the implementation of the UIC program, such as assistance to States in
developing acceptable programs and administering State-specific programs as part
of EPA's implementation responsibility. The Regions also review sole source aqui-
fer designation petitions and Federally financed projects in the area of designated
sole source aquifers. Grant awards are also administered by the Regions.
PUBLIC MATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAff ASSISTANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 54,992,900 for* Salaries and Expenses and 119.1 permanent
workyears. This represents a decrease of 559,700 and 9.0 permanent workyears
from 1983 and reflects a reduced workload attributable to the high rate of delega-
tions and increasing State famil-iarlty with and ability to implement the program.
The high rate of program delegations in the PWS program is a direct result
of the Regions' full and active participation with the States 1n developing their
programs and the guidance and assistance the Regions continue to provide after
States have received primary enforcement responsibilities, The Agency's grant
DW-34
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regulations allow EPA to use non-primacy State grant funds for direct implementa-
tion activities. While the Regions continue to encourage the assumption of primacy
by the remaining six States, they will also be responsible for the direct implemen-
tation of the Public Water Systems Supervision program in these six non-primacy
States/Territories and on Indian lands and for overview of primacy States.
In non-primacy States, monitoring compliance with primary regulations among
the community systems and working with small systems to increase the rate of com-
pliance will be emphasized. The Regions will initiate formal enforcement actions
against systems with persistent violations. The Regions will continue to maintain
an inventory of all non-community water systems and to deliver materials on self-
monitoring and self-compliance to ensure these systems are fully aware of the
requirements 1n the drinking water regulations. In assuring compliance the Regions
will also be responsible for providing advice and guidance on removal and future
prevention of ground water contamination of public water supplies. In addition,
the Regions will follow up on suspected well water contamination and assess the
health risk posed from continued use. In their efforts to assure the accuracy of
sampling procedures and analysis, the Regions will implement a quality assurance
program for State principal laboratories and commercial laboratories based oil the
satisfactory analysis of performance evaluation samples. In laboratories where
there is evidence of performance evaluation problems, the Regions will follow up
with on-site visits.
To Increase compliance in primacy States, the Regions will encourage States
to develop enforcement strategies directed at small systems, particularly those
where health risks are identified. They will also evaluate the effectiveness of
the State programs by conducting mid-year reviews and following up with the States
in areas where specific problems were detailed. In the grants management area,
the Regions will award grants to the primacy States, prepare guidance for the
upcoming grant year, and review draft applications. Negotiations will be held
between'the State and EPA on program plans. They will also Implement a laboratory
certification program for State principal laboratories to include analysis for
all new regulatory requirements.
In the Regional management area, the Regions will be responsible for planning,
implementing, and evaluating Regional program activities, providing input Into the
development of National policies and regulations, and responding to Congressional
inquiries and citizen complaints. The Regions will assess underground and surface
water contamination Incidents which have an impact on public water supplies, advise
programs on precautions necessary to protect public health, and coordinate activi-
ties with Superfund and other emergency response programs at the Regional, State,
and local levels. They will work with the National program In providlng-Jiealth
advice on the toxicology of unregulated contaminants Identified in public water
supplies. The Regions will also coordinate with other relevant programs to provide
maximum benefits from Agency resources to protect ground waters -which supply
sources for public water systems. They will, for example, verify concentration
levels 1n suspected Incidents of contamination and follow up as required.
1983 Program
_ , ^
In 1983 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,052,600 and 128.1 permanent
workyears, of which $5,018,300 is for 'Salaries and Expenses and $34,300 1s for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. Region VII will place special emphasis on
completing the transfer of compliance duties back to Iowa, ensuring that no
Interruption 1n regulatory coverage occurs. The Regions with non-primacy States
will continue to work with them to assume primacy. One additional Terrftory,
Northern Marianas, assumed primacy on December 4, 1982, bringing the total to 51.
In the remaining six non-primacy States and on Indian Lands, Regional
activities will continue to focus on assuring compliance among small systems. The
Regions will emphasize compliance efforts in those systems which persistently re-
fuse to monitor or that pose serious health threats. They will conduct sanitary
surveys, which are the primary means of technical assistance to systems with water
quality problems. When violations are detected, the Regions will issue warnings
DW-35
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and initiate formal follow up. They will also maintain and analyze data on com-
pliance for input into the annual report. They will assist community systems with
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCU violations In an effort to help solve individual
problems. Guidance and assistance will be provided as necessary.
Regional overview efforts In primacy States will focus on State program
accountability to assess the manner in which the program and management activities
relate to the statutory goals of the Safe Drinking Water Act, to allow for an
information and feedback exchange between the Federal and State governments which
will provide insight into the progress of the programs as well as problems, and to
prevent the duplication of efforts at both the State and Federal levels. They will
continue grants administration activities, assuring that the State applications
comply with the pertinent grant regulations, conducting audits and closing out
grants when audits are complete, and reviewing draft applications for the upcoming
grant year. Another major activity will be conducting State evaluations. These
evaluations provide valuable feedback to the States as well as information to the
Regions and to Headquarters on the effectiveness of the implementation of regula-
tory requirements by the States. Following completion of the State evaluations,
the Regions will follow up to ensure areas with consistent problems have been
acted on.
Regional management activities include the administrative and compliance
support needed in both primacy and non-primacy States. The activities include
responding to Congressional inquiries and citizen complaints, analyzing compliance
data for inclusion into annual reports, and assisting States in their efforts to
plan and implement programs which provide increased compliance. They will assist
the States in revising their programs to include any regulatory updates. Efforts
will also be made to expand the coordination of the public water system supervision
program with other related programs at the Regional and State levels to ensure
adequate protection of drinking water sources in the event of a contamination
incident.
Estimate
The net increase of +$354,400 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$14,000) This increase includes +$14,000 of the
S10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprqgrammi ngs . {+$340, 400) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +3306,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase
of +$34,300 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
During 1982, the Agency obligated 56,134,600, of which 55,353,300 was for
Salaries and Expenses and $781,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
These funds supported Regional programs in implementing the Public Water Systems
Supervision program in non-primacy States, overview of primacy State activities,
and program management to ensure efficient operation of the programs. One addi-
tional State, Iowa, which relinquished primacy in late 1981 primarily because of
budget constraints, reassumed primacy, bringing the total to 50. The Region also
worked closely with the Northern Mariana Islands to promote their assumption of
primary enforcement responsibility,
In non-primacy States, the Regions focused On improving the compliance rate
by issuing formal warnings for violations, issuing variances or exemptions with
compliance schedules to those systems which could not comply with the regulatory
DW-36
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requirements, and initiating formal follow-up 1n community systems which failed
to meet regulatory requirements. The Regions also continued to expand their
laboratory certification program to include analysis required by the recently
promulgated trihalomethane regulations. The Regions continued to maintain the
inventory data and to prepare the annual report. The Regions assisted in emergency
situations and also followed up on instances of ground water contamination which
had the potential to contaminate public water systems' source waters by providing
analytical services to quantify the extent of the problem and advice on contain-
ment, treatment, and other potential responses.
Regional activities in primacy States focused on overview of the State activi-
ties, including a mid-year evaluation of the Individual programs which served as an
indicator of the overall effectiveness of the public water system supervision pro-
gram. They also maintained and analyzed compliance data to assure that the high
level of compliance was continued and provided guidance and assistance in instances
where compliance was not easily attained, A series of seminars which demonstrated
techniques to be applied in verifying compliance data was held in all ten Regions
and attended by over 40 States. Another high priority Regional activity associated
with primacy States has been the administration of the grants program. The Regions
performed program planning, provided input into national program policies, and
coordinated policies and activities with other related programs to establish
consistent procedures for protecting drinking water.
1JNDERGROUHD INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 54,286,700 in Salaries and Expenses and 90.6 permanent
workyears, an increase of 5455,100 over 1983. The increase is attributable to
increased workyear costs primarily due to Commissioned Corps benefits and Medicare.
It 1s estimated that an additional 12 States will receive full primacy for a
total of 39. The Regions will continue to work with the remaining no"-pr1macy
States in an effort to achieve complete delegation of the program. In these non-
primacy States and Territories and on Indian Lands, the Regions will continue to
maintain the inventories of injection wells, will perform technical evaluations
of permit applications for new Class I, II, and III wells, and will review testing
data and operator reports to ensure compliance with the regulations. Compliance
data will be compiled into State annual reports and transmitted to Headquarters
for review to determine the effectiveness of the program requirements and the need
for regulatory change.
The Regions will conduct on-s1te inspections on the construction' and testing
of injection wells and will continue the assessment of Class V (miscellaneous
injection) wells to determine their number and contamination potential. Following
this review, and similar assessments by the primacy States, the Agency will con-
sider whether Class V wells need to be regulated by rule or other means as appro-
priate. EPA will also provide technical review and evaluate permit applications
for new and existing wells as well as follow up on compliance through phone calls,
letters, and visits. Similar activities will be conducted on Indian Lands.
Regional support to primacy States will Include guidance and advice relating
to regulatory and technical Issues and response to State inquiries. As part of
the grants management function, they will assure that the States comply with
applicable grant regulations, track grant expenditures and withdrawals, conduct a
review of the State financial status report, and audit and close out grants. In
their efforts to determine the effectiveness of the UIC regulatory requirements,
the Regions will collect and analyze State annual report data as well as conduct a
mid-year evaluation of State programs.
DW-37
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Continuing with their efforts to prevent the contamination of aquifers, the
Regions will review and process petitions for the designation of sole source
aquifers and, when resources are available, review proposed Federally financed
projects in the area of a designated aquifer to assure that they will not present
any contamination potential.
The Regions will assist States in assessing their own ground water protection
needs and developing and implementing State ground water strategies. When appro-
priate, the Regions will facilitate discussions between States to promote inter-
state coordination. With the expertise available in the Regions, they will provide
ground water management advice to the States and other Federal agencies on such
issues as tracking plumes of contaminated ground water to prevent contamination of
major drinking water sources. The Regions will also play a major role in coordinat-
ing EPA's program efforts for protection of ground water.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,831,600 under Salaries and
Expenses and 90.6 permanent workyears for this program.
The Regions are making a concerted effort to accelerate delegation of the UIC
program. It is anticipated that an additional 23 States will achieve full primacy
for a total of 27. Two additional States will receive delegations for their oil
and gas programs only, and one additional State will receive delegation for the
non-oil and gas programs. The Regions will continue to review program plans and
legislative authority and will also provide grants which will enable these States
to initiate the beginning phases of their programs, such as permitting and compli-
ance follow up. The Regions also provide assistance in emergency situations.
In non-primacy States, the Regions continue to develop and begin to implement
the Federal program. This includes developing regulations for each State, proposing
the program in the Federal Register, conducting public hearings, reviewing data
and establishing a system for data collection, and beginning the assessment of
Class V wells.
The Regions continue their review and processing of sole source aquifer desig-
nation petitions. It is anticipated that seven additional petitions will be
approved during 1983, bringing the total to 17. They are responsible for review-
ing any proposed Federally financed project in the area of a designated aquifer to
determine if there is any contamination potential.
The Regions continue to work with the States in developing their ground water
protection activities. Emphasis is placed on assisting States in determining the
extent of their ground water problems and making full use of existing State and
Federal programs to address them. The Regions provide advice on such issues as
plume tracking and assist Headquarters In developing the Agency's approach to
ground water protection. The Regions continue to expand their efforts to coordinate
the ground water program with other related programs to enhance their ability to
better respond to contamination of ground water supplies.
Other activities include basic program management activities such as Congres-
sional response, data management, program planning, and information requests.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Esti mate
The net decrease of -$142,800 results from the following actions:
-Conaresslpnal Action. {+$191,100) This Increase includes +5191,100 of the
S10.5 miTTIon Salaries; andExpenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
DW-38
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-Reprogrammings. (-5333,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$333,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
During 1982, the Regions obligated $2,818,300, of which $2,776,100 was for
Salaries and Expenses and $42,200 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Regional efforts focused on promoting delegation of the Underground Injection
Control (UIC) program to the States. The Regions worked closely with the States in
developing their primacy applications by reviewing existing programs, legislation,
regulations, and draft applications. The Regions conducted the initial review of
the final applications and then forwarded them for Headquarters review and the
Administrator's approval. By the end of 1982, four States had assumed full primary
enforcement responsibility for all aspects of the UIC program; two States were
granted program delegation for the oil and gas program only; and one State received
delegation for Its non-oil and gas program. The Regions also awarded and monitored
underground injection control grants and provided assistance in emergency situa-
tions.
For States that Indicated their unwillingness or inability to assume primacy,
the Regions began establishing the institutional framework and Information base
needed to implement the program. Such activities included completing aquifer
mapping, developing an Inventory of injection wells, developing State-specific
program plans, and establishing an emergency response capability.
The Regions conducted technical reviews of sole source aquifer designation
petitions. By the end of 1982, a total of 10 aquifers had been designated as
sole or principal sources of drinking water, of which two were approved in 1982.
The Regions also reviewed Federally financed projects in the area of designated
aquifers to assure the prevention of possible contamination.
The Regions coordinated their ground water activities under the Drinking Water
program with other related programs such as Hazardous Waste, Superfund, and Toxics
in an effort to better utilize the Agency's resources and to provide the necessary
expertise when contamination incidents occur. They also conducted general program
management activities such as program planning, response to Congress and public
inquiries, and input into National policy development.
DW-39
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING HATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Mater Enforcement DW-41
DW-40
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Drinking Water TOTAL
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS '
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$685.4 $8.56.1 $882.1 $1,114.3 S232.2
$685.4 S856.1 $882.1 $1,114.3 5232.2
$685.4 $856.1 $882.1 $1,114.3 $232.2
$685,4 $856.1 $882.1 $1,114.3 5232. Z
20.3 25.7 25.7 29.7 4.0
20.3 25.7 25.7 29.7 4.0
21.2 25.7 25.7 29.7 4.0
21.2 25.7 25.7 29.7 4.0
DH-41
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,114,300 and 29.7 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $232,200 and 4.0 workyears from 1983. All of this amount is
for Salaries and Expenses. This program element includes both Headquarters and
Regional resources.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act provides for State assumption of the drinking water
program and requires EPA to implement the program in States that have not been
delegated enforcement responsibility. The Act includes significant self-reporting
mechanisms as its major enforcement activity. EPA Regions must fulfill the enforce-
ment responsibilities for non-primacy jurisdictions, which relate to the program
support to legal actions against violators of statutory provisions. These Include
the following: developing technical documentation for cases referred for prose-
cution, collecting supplementary field data through site Inspections and sampling
to support enforcement actions; providing for expert testimony; and participating
in negotiations with violators. The Public Water Systems Supervision (PWS) en-
forcement responsibility also entails developing critical data relating to taking
emergency action 1n the face of Imminent health endangerments under Section 1431.
The Underground Injection Control regulations provide that EPA delegate pro-
grams to States that are able and willing to assume primacy for the UIC program.
The Agency projects that 39 States will be delegated primacy by the end of 1984.
Enforcement program activities Include approving of the enforcement sections of
primacy applications for State UIC programs, issuing UIC permits in non-primacy
States, working with the UIC drinking water program in establishing a Federal UIC
program in non-primacy States, Initiating enf6rcement action against violators of
the regulations, and responding to emergencies when necessary.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT .
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,114,300 and 29.7 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Is an increase of $232,200 and 4.0 permanent workyears from 1983 and reflects
the need for EPA to Issue UIC permits In non-primacy States and Territories and on
Indian lands. Technical assistance and support will be provided to the Office of
Legal and Enforcement Counsel 1n the development of warranted civil and criminal
referrals for PWS and UIC activities.
During 1984, the drinking water enforcement program will continue to supply
the technical program support to legal actions taken against violators of PWS
and UIC provisions 1n jurisdictions where States have not assumed primacy enforce-
ment responsibility. This will Include developing technical Information for cases
referred to EPA's Office of Enforcement Counsel and ultimately to the Department
of Justice, collecting supplementary field data for active cases, providing for
expert testimony, and participating in negotiations with violators. EPA will also
provide such services for cases referred by State authorities 1f they choose to
pursue violations under Federal law.
DW-42
-------
Regional enforcement programs will perform the administrative aspects of UIC
permitting in non-primacy jurisdictions. This entails the distribution and receipt
of permit aplications, the administrative review of the proposal for permitting
(including close consultation with the Regional technical experts for inputs to
permit provisions), conduct of a formal hearing, and issuance of a final permit.
The enforcement program will also participate in the review of the remaining DIG
primacy applications.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $882,100 and 25.7 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. A PWS
compliance assurance program will continue to be implemented in six non-primacy
States and Territories and on Indian lands. A Federal enforcement program is
being developed and implemented in those States that choose not to implement their
own UIC program. EPA will issue UIC permits in these 18 non-primacy States.
Draft and final State UIC program approval applications will be reviewed. All
resources associated with case development and legal activities have been transfer-
red to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of +$Z6,OOQ results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+52,000) This increase includes +$2,000 of the
S10.5 mil 11 on Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogramtirlngs. (+524,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +524,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompl i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $685,400 for this program, all of which was
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. During 1982, EPA referred nine civil
actions for violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act to the Department of Justice
for filing and prosecution.
Drinking water enforcement activities also included participation in develop-
ment activities for the Federal UIC program and review of draft and final UIC
State program approval applications from 24 States.
DW-43
-------
Hazardous Waste
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page.
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research HW-3
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies.."... HW-23
Financial Assistance HW-27
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States....... HW-28
Resource Recovery Local Financial Assistance HW-30
Waste Management Strategies Implementation, HW-31
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation. HW-33
Solid Waste Management Program Implementation HW-35
Technical Assistance. HW-36
Technical Information Development.... HW-37
Solid Waste Technology Assistance Delivery HW-37
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites HW-39
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste' Enforcement ." HW-42
Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance.. HW-43
Hazardous Waste Enforcement... HW-44
HW-1
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1983 1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Corap! i ance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
327,188.6 $31,700.4 $32,826.3 S35,038.6 52,212.3
$61,426.1 $53,926.1 563,028.0 $58,150.4 -$4,877.6
521,963.7 517,717.2 $20,697.2 $16,923.7 -53,773.5
$110,578.4 $103,343.7 5116^551.5 $110,112,7 -$6,438.8
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
586.1 557.0 643.1 625.8 -17.3
737.9 740.1 821.9 830.0 8.1
$123,514.05124,857.6 5115,722.05114,192.0 -51,530.0
5120,000.0
HW-2
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY i
Hazardous wastes, including organic chemicals, pesticides, acids, caustics,
flamnables, and explosives, are generated 1n the United States at the rate of
nearly 50 million metric tons each year. They are the subject of substantial
environmental concern by government, industry, and the public. Improper manage-
ment of these wastes can cause a variety of health and environmental damages,
the most frequent being ground water and surface water contamination, poisoning
through the food chain and direct skin contact, fire, and explosions. Such
damages and subsequent remedial, actions could eventually cost hundreds of millions
of dollars.
The major goal of the hazardous waste program is to reduce future risks to
public health and the environment by ensuring environmentally-sound management
of the ever growing amount of hazardous wastes. The regulatory development
and program implementation components of the EPA hazardous waste program, sup-
ported by the research and development and enforcement functions, constitute
a comprehensive program to facilitate proper nationwide attention to this environ-
mental problem.
Abatement and Control
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), as
amended, provides the legislative mandate for Federal development of effective
national programs for regulation of hazardous wastes from generation, through
transportation, storage, or treatment, to disposal. RCRA also imposes signifi-
cant civil and criminal penalties for failure to comply with Federal requirements.
Through regulatory development, Implementation, enforcement, and research and
development activities, the Agency translates Federal concern for this environ-
mental problem into a comprehensive national hazardous waste management program.
The Agency's strategy for its hazardous waste regulatory program is to imple-
ment the existing program through the States and Regions; review and reassess the
current hazardous waste regulations to enhance their cost-effectiveness; and
conclude an even, comprehensive hazardous waste program by developing standards
for selected wastes which remain outside of, or are inappropriately covered by,
the existing RCRA Subtitle C regulations.
The Agency promulgated the core RCRA regulations between May 1980 and July
1982. The regulations establish lists and characteristics of hazardous waste
(§3001); generator and transporter requirements (§§3002 and 3003); financial
responsibility, interim status and technical permitting standards for new and
existing storag,e, treatment, and disposal facilities (§3004); and requirements
for State programs and permits (§§3005 and 3006).
With promulgation of the core RCRA regulations complete, implementation of
RCRA can be undertaken in earnest at both the Federal and State level, fine of the
Agency's highest RCRA program priorities in 1983 and 1984 is the authorization of
States to operate'their own hazardous waste programs in 11eu of the Federal regula-
tory program* State programs^are authorized in phases: Phase I - manifest and
interim status standards; Phase IIA - permitting tanks, containers, and piles;
Phase IIB - permitting incinerators; and Phase 1IC - permitting land disposal
facilities and surface impoundments. The Agency has already granted Interim
Authorization to 35 States and Territories whose programs provide substantially
equivalent coverage to that of the RCRA regulations.
HW-3
-------
State oroqrams become eligible for Full Authorization in January 1983. In
accordance with RCRA requirements, Interim Authorization will expire in January
1985. States with Interim Authorization will need to receive Full Authorization
by that date or the hazardous waste program will revert to the Agency. The Agency,
therefore, emphasizes assistance to States in upgrading program caoabilities to
equivalence, guidance on development of applications for Full Authorization, and
approval of State applications as rapidly as possible. By the end of 1984, almost
all States are expected to either be Fully Authorized or have an application
under Agency review.
In addition to program development guidance, the Agency will continue to pro-
vide financial assistance to States to encourage them to work toward authorization
and to begin Implementing their own hazardous waste program, as RCRA envisions.
To the extent that States are not Interim or Fully Authorized, the Agency must
administer the RCRA program. However, since Agency policy encourages State par*
tidpation even prior to authorization, Cooperative Arrangements allow States to
operate parts of the RCRA program on behalf of the Agency and to receive financial
assistance.
The issuance of environmentally-sound permits is another RCRA implementa-
tion priority. The ultimate implementation of RCRA rests on national progress in
permitting treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. In 1982, the Agency, in
cooperation with Interim Authorized States, began permitting facilities for storage
and treatment of hazardous wastes in tanks, containers, and piles. The Agency
and States are giving priority to permitting both incinerators and land disposal
facilities beginning in 1983 and continuing until these types of facilities of
greater environmental concern are permitted. The Agency will also initiate a
class permit approach for storage and treatment facilities designed to reduce
application requirements and permit Issuance time for many storage and treatment
facilities.
As oart of its regulatory reform effort, the Agency is reviewing and reassess-
ing the core RCRA §3004 technical standards for landfills, surface impoundments,
land treatment facilities, incinerators, tanks, containers, and waste piles, as
well as the facility location and financial responsibility requirements. Regula-
tory impact analyses of these regulations, which will be completed in 1983, are
intended to identify potential areas for increased program effectiveness and for
more cost-effective achievement of environmental results.
The Agency has also embarked on an intensive effort to finalize the hazardous
waste regulatory program. Gaps exist in the coverage of the RCRA hazardous waste
program. Listings and deli stings of additional hazardous wastes under RCRA §3001
and RCRA §3004 management standards for certain wastes will, by 1985, reduce in-
stances of over and underregulation of Industries or wastestreams. Earmarked for
regulatory attention during 1983 and 1984 are additional organic chemical wastes,
waste oil, boilers burning hazardous waste, restricting certain wastes from land
disposal, and air emissions from hazardous waste facilities. The Agency will also
re-examine two specific provisions in the regulations: the small quantity genera-
tor exclusion and the requirements for the reuse, recycling, and reclamation of
hazardous waste. In the regulatory analyses process, the Agency will apply a
degree-of-hazard approach to evaluate .waste management standards based upon the
inherent characteristics of the waste, the management technique being used to
handle the waste, and the environmental setting.
Enforcement
The Agency's strategy for implementing the national hazardous waste compli-
ance monitoring and enforcement program establishes a balance between the promotion
of voluntary compliance with and the discovery and remedy of violations of RCRA
regulatory and statutory requirements. Compliance monitoring Inspections will
concentrate on those major handlers (treatment, storage, and disposal facilities;
generators; and transporters) whose operations pose the greatest concern to
public health and the environment.
HW-4
-------
In 1984, ground water monitoring facilities, Incinerators, facilities per-
mitted in 1983 and certain generators will receive inspection priority based on
such criteria as compliance history and type of waste handled. Enforcement
actions such as informal letters of warning; RCRA §3008 Compliance Orders; RCRA
§3013 monitoring, testing, and analysis Administrative Orders; and RCRA §7003
imminent hazard Administrative Orders will be issued where appropriate to bring
violators back into compliance with the regulatory and statutory requirements.
RCRA technical enforcement activities complement Agency legal activities in devel-
oping Federal judicial actions for major violations of Subtitle C requirements.
To ensure national consistency and equivalence of RCRA statutory and regula-
tory requirements, the Agency will review and evaluate States' compliance moni-
toring and enforcement programs. Joint oversight inspections will be conducted
to evaluate State personnel and capabilities in authorized and Cooperative Ar-
rangement States. In addition, technical assistance such as expert witnesses
and laboratory testing and analysis will be provided to States to support their
enforcement actions.
Research and Development
The 1984 Research and Development orogram will support the hazardous waste
regulatory program by developing the scientific and technical data required for
Issuing facility permits and confirming the validity of the regulations. Re-
search results will also form part of the basis for revising the RCRA regulations,
where aporopriate, by justifying their being made either more or less stringent,
depending on the degree of hazard associated with specific pollutants under speci-
fic conditions. Environmental engineering activities will focus on providing a
sound underpinning for existing regulations through such efforts as determining
the reliability of both synthetic and natural landfill liners. Monitoring and
quality assurance protocols and guidelines are being developed to detect, Identify
and measure hazardous wastes for purposes of ensuring that permitted facilities
are complying with regulation requirements and detecting the presence of specific
wastes 1n the environment. Health, scientific assessments and environmental
processes research are all focused on determining the risks associated with
specific hazardous wastes for purposes of listing and deli sting wastes as hazard-
ous and modifying the regulations.
HU-5
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Program Activities
RCRA Standards
Proposals and
Promul gations....
Suoplemental Rules
and Technical
Amendments to
Phase I and II
Promul nations.......
Section 3001
Delistings....
Regulatory Impact
Analyses Produced...
Program Implemen-
tation Guidances....
States with Hazardous
Waste Grant/Coopera-
tive Arrangements...
States with
Authorization:
Phase I only
Phase I and II
Final
EPA Facility Comoli-
ance Monitorinq
Inspections..
Nati onwi de Faci11ty
Permitting:
Call-ins,
Permits in
Process.......
Permit Actions..
Actual
1982
30
150
12
53
29
5
1,650
926
972
4
Budget
Estimate
1983
56
28
11
2,950
Current
Estimate
1983
.11
53
15
31
1
1,020*
325
550
750
Estimate
1984
15
53
7
25
18
688* 1,085
325
500
575
Increase*
Decrease-
1984 vs. 1983
f 4
25
140
5
25
.27
150
5
20
17
150
5
25
- 10
0
0
f 5
- 6
f 17
+397
-150
-175
Footnotes
* - States will conduct an additional 12,000 inspections.
** - EPA permit actions only.
HW-6
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research. HW-8
HW-7
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
tOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
$2
$4
$6
$1
$1
$489.
$225.
$715.
$177.
$1.
$178.
,408.
,326.
,734.
$57.
,275.
,332.
$2,486.
$14,444.
$16,930.
$1
$1
$3
$7
$21
,664.
,691.
,355.
,283.
,963.
9
3
2
2
7
9
2
1
3
3
1
4
2
3
5
4
2
6
2
7
$1
$3
S3
$7
$1
$938
$304
,243
$182
$90
$272
,521
,662
,183
$376
$691
,068
$4,524
SI 0,408
$14,933
$2
$2
$4
$11
$17
.318
,559
,878
,862
,717
.8
.9
.7
.4
.0
.4
.2
.1
.3
.5
.9
.4
.9
.4
.3
.2
.9
.1
.0
.2
$938.8
5604. 9
$1,543.7
$3,620.9
$3,662.1
$7,283,0
$376.5
$691.9
$1,068.4
$4,900.2
$13,178.4
$18,078.6
$2,417.9
$2,559.9
$4,977.8
$12,254.3
$20,697.2
$960
$550
$1,511
$2,986
$4,029
$7,016
$381
$586
$968
$3,684
$9,567
$13,251
$2,452
$2,188
$4,641
$10,465
$16,923
.9
.9
.8
.5
.9
.4
.2
.9
.1
.7
.1
.8
.3
.9
.2
.6
.7
$22.
-$54.
-$31.
-S634.
S367.
-$266.
$4.
-$105.
-$100.
-$1,215.
-$3,611.
-$4,826.
$34.
-$371.
-$336.
-$1,788.
-$3,773.
1
0
9
4
8
6
7
0
3
5
3
8
4
0
6
7
5
Hazardous Waste
Research
TOTAL $29,246.9 $29,579.2 $32,951.5 $27,389.3 -$5,562.2
HW-8
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
4 Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Qual ity Assurance
Health Effects
Envi ronmental Engi neeri ng
(DOLLARS II
V,
10.1
2.6
21.5
1.7
41.4
28.5
105.8
15.8
4.5
30.3
1.7
57.6
1 THOUSANDS
14.5
2.1
22.0
4.0
59.0
28.4
130.0
21.0
3.7
32.0
4.0
79.9
)
14.1 14.1
25.0 25.0
4.0 4.0
70.3 60.0 -10.3
30.8 30.8
144.2 133.9 -10.3
20.1 20.6 .5
34.0 35.0 1.0
4.0 4.0
90.6 77.0 -13.6
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
38.3 48.1 50.5 50.5
148.2, 188.7 199.2 187.1 -12.1
HW-9
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Actual
Major Outputs/Milestones J.982^
Develop Techniques and Procedures to
Characterize Wastes for Listing and
Other RCRA Regulatory Activities
- Hazard profiles for unusual chemicals 9/82
(Scientific Assessment)
- Improvement and standardization of Ongoing
detection limits of analytical methods
(Monitoring)
Develop Technical Data Necessary to support
RCRA Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regula-
tions /
- Development of methods for assessing 9/82
health effects and exposures to complex
hazardous waste (Scientific Assessment)
- Development of a containment/soil 9/84
interaction protocol (Engineering)
- Development of liner specifications 4/83
and testing of systems (Engineering)
- Development of a model for movement of 6/83
hazardous wastes 1n the subsurface
(Env. Processes)
Develop Technical Data and Methods
Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting
and Enforcement Activities
- Development of field screening method- 9/84
ologies for quick qualitative analyses
(Monitoring)
- Development of data on thermal decomposi- 9/83
tion of hazardous compounds (Engineering)
- Development of a hydrogeological protocol 8/83
for determining the suitability of a
site for land disposal {Env. Processes)
Develop Techniques and Procedures to
prevent and Contain Hazardous spills
- Development of prevention, compliance and 9/82
response studies (all programs)
Provide Quality Assurance to the
Hazardous Waste Program
- Development of standard reference Ongoing
materials for complex matrices, and
performance evaluations of contractors
(Monitoring)
Current
Estimate
1983 -
9/83
Ongoing
Estimated
1984
9/84
Ongoing
9/83
9/84
7/83
6/83
9/84
9/84
9/86
9/84
9/83
8/83
9/84
9/86
9/83
Ongoing
9/84
Ongoing
HW-10
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
BUDGET REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $27,389,300 and .133.9 permanent workyears for
198*, a decrease of 55,562,200 and 10,3 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total 1s 510,465,600 for Salaries and Expenses and $16,923,700 for Research
and Development, with decreases of $1,788,700 and $3,773,500 respectively. This
decrease primarily occurs in the environmental engineering and technology program
element. In addition, the decrease reflects the transfer of $2,403,700 in explora-
tory research funds to the Intermedia program..
PROGRAMDESCRIPTION
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act {RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify those wastes which pose substantial hazard to human health
and the environment, and to establish management standards sufficient to prevent
such harm. Research in this program provides the scientific and engineering
basis for characterizing and determining the extent of problems and "for for-
mulating controls. The Clean Water Act of 1977 and its amendments also mandate
some of the research conducted in this program, specifically, the spills related
efforts. The following objectives support these missions.
Objective 1. Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for
Listing" ami Other ;RCRARegulatory Activities. Section3001 of KCRA remnres that
the Agency designate hazardous wastes in3 the characteristics of waste which
cause them to be hazardous. The objective in this area is to develop analytical
procedures and technigues required to characterize a waste and assess the hazards
DOSed from their exposure 1n support of defensible listing/dellstina decisions.
Objective 2. Develop Technical Data flecesMry to jSupport RCRA Treatment,
Storagejano* PisWsaTRegu 1 affons~ Section 3004 of RCRA r eQuire-s the"" Agency' to
Dromurgate regulations an3 establish performance standards for the treatment,
storage and disposal of hazardous waste as may be necessary to protect human health
and the environment. The purpose of this program is to develop the engineering
and technical data necessary to support the Agency in the development a^d revision
of hazardous waste regulations.
nb.iectiye 3. Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA
PermilHng aMTnfoiremenr Activities. ' SectTon3005 5? RCIEreSufres that5TT
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal be conducted in accordance with
operating permits. Sections 3007 and 3008 provide access for inspections and for
Federal enforcement of hazardous waste regulations. To ensure that RCRA 1s imple-
mented in a cost-effective manner, the purposes of this objective are to provide
the necessary data and techniques for permit writers to assess permit applications
and provide enforcement officials with legally defensible sampling and analysis
procedures and information to ensure , compliance with permits and agreements.
Objective 4. Develop Techniaues and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazard-
ous Spins. This research supports Section 311 of the Clean Water Act, which
mandates that Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans be prepared
for all facilities engaged in the production, storage, refining, processing and
distribution of hazardous materials, and that the Agency maintain an emergency
support program.
Objective 5. Provide Ouality Assurance 'tothe Hazardous Waste Program.
This objective supports the major requfrement for the provrfsTon of a scientific
data base of known quality to support RCRA regulatory activities.
HW-11
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
198d Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,511,800 and 14.1 permanent workyears for
this propram, of which $960,900 Is for Salaries and Expenses and $550,900 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $22,100 and a decrease of
$54,000, respectively.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activltl'es'IHealth hazard profiles will 5i provided to support
the Agency's listing of hazardous wastes under Section 3001, This is a continuing
program which covers new chemicals each year as well as updating Information on
chemicals considered earlier.
Develop Technical Data Necassary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dis-
posal Regulation's;Methods are being developed for assessing human health effects
and exposure to complex hazardous wastes. Additional factors will be considered
in formulating more comprehensive versions of methods developed in 1983. These
methods will be used to prepare detailed assessments for chemicals already listed
in 40 CFR 261, Appendix VIII and refine RCRA regulations where appropriate. Other
assessments and technical reviews will be completed for use in developing national
guidance on permitting and monitoring of disposal operations and on site-specific
control issues that will arise in permitting.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
Chemical-specific health summaries will Be prepared to assist Tn evaluating
hazardous spill containment alternatives. This project continues from 1983 to
cover additional chemicals of commercial significance.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,543,700 and 14.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $938,800 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $604,900 Is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Repualtory Activities^Health hazard profiles are being prepared on approxi-
mately 20chemicals not previously considered. Approximately 40 existing pro-
files are being updated based on additional scientific information.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dis-
posal Regulation's; A set of first generation methods is being developed for evalua-
ting the health hazards resulting from multiple media exposure to chemical mixtures.
Health effects assessments are being prepared for 100 chemicals from 40 CFR 261,
Appendix VIII. Current estimates are that approximately six additional site-speci-
fic assessments will be requested and completed to refine RCRA regulations where
applicable.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
The 1983 Hazardous Spills Program was transferred to the Hazardous waste Program
from the Municipal Wastewater Program. Chemical-specific health summaries are
being prepared on approximately 75 chemicals to assist in the evaluation of spill
containment alternatives.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$300,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$300,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Research
and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific Increase supports exposure assessments for 11 sting/deli sting
decisions.
HW-12
-------
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $715,200 for this program, of which
$489,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $225,300 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development 'appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Charcterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Activities.' A total of ten new .health hazard profiles were provided to OSW as
documentation to support the listing of hazardous wastes under RCRA Section 3001.
An additional 38 existing profiles were updated to include recent scientific data.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment. Storage, and Dis-
posal Regulation"! A total of eiqht technical reviews were completed to assist 0$W
in preparing guidance on permitting issues and site-specific control problems.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $178,900 for this program, of which
$177,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $V,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This acti-
vity, which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated Into
Intermedia Programs in 1983. Thus, Program Description, 1984 Program Request,
1983 Program, and 1982 Accomplishments narrative sections appear there.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUAim ASSURANCE
13fl4 program Request
the Agency requests a total of $7,016,400 and 25.0 permanent work years for this
proaram of which $2,986,500 is for Salaries and Expenses and $4,029,900 is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $634,400 and an increase of
$367,800 respectively. The decrease results from the completion of one-time
laboratory equipment purchases. The increase will help strengthen our RCRA
Quality assurance program. The Increase also reflects the transfer of exploratory
research funds to the Intermedia program.
Develop TechniQues and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
ffCRA Regulatory Activities.' If the RCRA program is to be Implemented and admim's*-
tered in acost-effective manner, there must be procedures for efficiently charac-
terizing particular wastes and criteria and tests for determining if a waste constit-
utes a potential hazard. Analytical methods will be developed to provide more
cost effective techniques for characterizing wastes while improving data quality.
A protocol will be prepared and tested to determine the precision, accuracy, sensi-
tivity, and reliability of advanced methods when applied to highly toxic hazardous
wastes. Methods will be developed for detection of organics in the ambient afr of
waste disposal facilities. Research will continue on methods for determining the
volatility and reactivity of wastes.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage andDis-
posal Regul ati ons. Monl tori ng research wi i ] expl ore more cost-effective and
reliable field monitoring methods. Guidelines for post-closure monitoring of
ground water and investigation of other effective techniques for monitoring soils,
air, and biota will be accomplished. Further examination of geophysical techniques
for hazardous waste landfill monitoring and development of an extraction procedure
for use in determining the Teachability of cyanide in wastes will be accomplished.
Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
Enforcement Activities. Research on the Dioxi-n Monitoring .Program will focus on
vai1datlon of cost-effective methods for use by States. Screening methods and bio-
logical monitoring methods will be developed for use in identifying hazardous
wastes at permitted sites. Remote monitoring techniques will be investigated for
use in issuing permits and for enforcement activities.
HW-13
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Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous SgiJTs.
Tech nology and related remote moni tori ngtechniques required to support regiona1
compliance programs and methods necessary to provide data to on-scene coordinators
in emergency situations will be developed. Centralized data gathering and interpre-
tation facilities will apply methods and techniques to analyze aerial photos*
Satellite imagery, thermal and roultispectral techniques will be investigated to
identify spills, spill movement, and to assist in .cleanup operations.
Proyide Qual ity As su ran « to the Hazardqus _Jaste Prog ran. The research,
evaluati on and distributlon of standard reference materialswill' continue. On*
site laboratory performance evaluations started last year will increase, and in-
clude preparation of many performance samples for submission to the analytical
laboratories. The Agency's 01oxin Monitoring Program will be expanded to ensure
that the data collected by the Program and regional offices are of known quality.
Quality assurance support on methods listed in the Office of Solid Waste's manual
"Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes" will be provided in order to evaluate
the hazardous waste properties defined in Section 3001 of the RCRA.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,283,000 and 25.0 permanent work
years for this program, of which $3,620,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,662,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Developraent appropri ati On.
Dev^elop;Techniques and Procedures to Chy Hastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Re^ta^ry^Acti|yi]tiiT^ Evaluation of analytical methodsi for tleternilni'hq their
precTsi on, accuracy," ancT rel1abi1i ty is continuing. Studies are being performed
to identify instrument operating conditions and quality assurance requirements
for the analysis of wastes. The method for the evaluation of hexavalent chromium
in hazardous waste streams is continuing to be developed. Analysis of non-volatile
organic compounds listed in 40 CFR, Appendix VIII is being initiated.
Develop Technical .Data Necessary to^ Support RCRA Treatment.Storage and Pis-
posal Regulations^Research i s Being conducted on ttie development of techni ques to
detect contamination before it gets to the water table. Geophysical techniques
to detect leachates are being evaluated. Research is being conducted on monitoring
of leachates resulting from ruptured synthethic and natural liners. Emphasis is
on early and continuous detection and development of an extraction procedure for
organic wastes.
Develop Techni cal Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
Enforcement Ac tl vvti es. The program continues" to improve the methods for dioxin
detection arid"provides technical assistance to regional and State enforcement
officials. Methods are being developed to provide screening of waste samples in
the field and to determine corrosivity, ignitability, reactivity, and flash points
of wastes.
Develop Techniques; and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
The 1983' Hazardous SpiVi s Program" was"transferred to" 'the Hazardous Waste i^rogfam
from the Municipal Vlastewater Program. Remote sensing of spills by providing
overhead aerial support and interpretation for EPA's Spill Prevention, Containment
and Control (SPCC) Program, and for river spill contingency planning is being
accomplished.
Provide Quality Assurance to the Hazardous Uaste Program. This program is
developing, evaluating, and providing standard reference materials in supoort of
RCRA waste characterization. Maintenance of a repository of standard reference
materials containing priority pollutants and hazardous substances which will serve
as a single, traceable source of known purity standards for monitoring activities
is being continued. Support is being provided to the OSW in the areas of methods
validation, development of quality assurance criteria for analytical data and con-
tinued research on dioxin and dibenzofuron monitoring.
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1983 Explanationof Changes fromBudgetEstimate
The net increase of +399,700 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+S99S700) This increase includes +599,700 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 AccoinplistCTents
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of 56,734,300 for this program, of which
$2,408,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,326,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to .Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRAReguTatory' ActivltleTIThe program identified the various qualitative proce-
dures for characterizing hazardous wastes found in 40 CFR 261, Appendix VIII.
Initial efforts in hazardous waste characterization employed the best available
sampling and analytical methods. These methods were evaluated for application to
the problems of waste characterization and for development of quality assurance
procedures. Analytical methods were evaluated for analysis of environmental
samples of hazardous wastes. Evaluation of hexavalent chromium identification
methodologies was initiated.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA^ Treatment.,Storacie and pisp_o-
sal Regulations'. The search fo?effective technologies tHaT'ensure publfc protec-
tion is complicated by the fact that different wastes have different storage,
treatment, and disposal requirements. Consequently, multimedia techniques for
monitoring in the vicinity of waste disposal facilities were investigated. Re-
search associated with the techniques to monitor for ground water contamination at
hazardous wastes sites was conducted. An extraction procedure was evaluated to
determine its usefulness as a method for determining the leachability of toxic
components of solid wastes.
Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permittingand
Enforcemeat Activities. Activities to support this':oijective;riricTudeo':'' (i/re-
se'a rch" on a Tap i d f i eld- sc reen 1 ng methodology for enforcement actions; (2) guidance
for evaluation of closure/post-closure monitoring proposals; (3) development of
remote sensing techniques for waste site characterization; and (4) guidance to
permit writers in evaluating the adequacy of monitoring proposals contained in
permit applications. Assessments were conducted on the validity and appropriateness
of information contained In disposal permit applications. Chemical composition
information and proposed monitoring plans were specifically addressed.
Provide Quality Assurance to the Hazardous Waste Program. Two standard refer-
ence mTtiHliTrTJiTedeveTo^JeirToT^^ An interim proce-
dure for conducting the Ames test for toxlcity was completed. Evaluation of pro-
tocol procedures for obtaining and analyzing hazardous waste samples were evaluated.
Intercomparison studies were conducted on the performance of contract laboratories.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1964 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $968,100 and 4.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $381,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5586,900 1s for Re-
search and Development. This reflects an increase of 54,700 and a decrease of
$105,000 respectively. The decrease reflects the transfer of exploratory research
funds to the Intermedia program.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities^me goal of this programis to provide an inexpensive
and rapid qualitative screening protocol (prescreen) for use In characterizing the
health hazards of RCRA regulated substances. The research program will focus on
HM-1S
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developing a biological testing battery of short term tests to determine potential
adverse human health effects. These tests will emphasize exposure to complex mix-
tures. Once completed, these tests will support "listing/del is ting decisions as
well as permitting and enforcement activities.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,0.68,400 and 4.0 permanent wOrk-
years to this program, of which $376,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $691,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regu 1 atory Acti vl tvelu Short-terra test systems For use fn evaluating the
heal th effects of' expos ure to complex hazardous waste mixtures are being developed.
These test systems are state-of-the-art for testing single compounds but require
development and validation for use on complex mixtures.
1983 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of SI, 332,400 for this program, of which
$57,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and SI, 275, 100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Devel op Techni ques and P rocedures to Characterize Wastes for U i sti ng and 0 ther
RCRA Regulatory Activities^ Development of a neurological field testing :systeflt to
dete rmine the adverse effects of exposure to hazardous wastes on human behavior was
completed and is being validated. A normative data base was developed to determine
human sensory, cognitive, and motor performance capabilities. This effort provided
a battery of tests to rapidly identify health problems in workers at hazardous
waste sites. The tests will also be used during permitting, compliance monitoring
and cleanup operations.
EJVIRONMEKTAL EPINEERING AND TECHKOiggY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S13, 251,800 and 60.0 permanent workyears for
this program, a decrease of $4,826,800 and 10.3 permanent workyears from 1983,
Included in this total is $3,684,700 for Salaries and Expenses and $9,567,100 for
Research and Development, with decreases of $1,215,500 and $3,611,300 respectively.
This decrease primarily reflects the transfer of $1,561,000 in exploratory re-
search funds to the Intermedia program; the completion of spill control technology
development projects where a reservoir of techniques have been provided, $949,500;
the completion of initial testing for advanced thermal technologies, $960,900; and
the completion of technical manuals for storing hazardous wastes, $846,600.
Develop Technical Data Necessary _ to Support RCRA Trea^ent, Sto^rage and _____ Ojs-
Section 3004 of RCRA requires the : Agency to i prbmiaTgaTe^regut-
atTohs etabli slifng performance standards for both new and existing facilities
that treat, store, and dispose of hazardous wastes. In order for regulations "of
such a comprehensive nature to be effective without over regulating, a thorough
understanding is required of the operational characteristics of different kinds
of treatment and disposal available as well as the scientific and technical prin-
ciples they employ. Therefore, analytical methods to determine Incinerator destruc-
tion efficiency and a methodology for continuous control technology monitoring will
be developed to support regulations. Research will focus on development of method-
ologies for measurement protocols. landfilUng will remain the predominant method
HW-16
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of hazardous waste storage and disposal for the foreseeable future. Research will
focus on the study of synthetic and natural linars to determine their expected
service life and their abilities to retain and/or retard the movement of hazardous
pollutants. Research on containment systems will be conducted to provide sound,
reliable information for policy guidance to State agencies and in determining
whether regulations are adequate or excessive.
Design, operation, and closure procedures for surface Impoundments of hazard-
ous wastes will be developed to minimize environmental and health iroacts. Research
to establish a better understanding of emissions from stored volatile organic com-
pounds, locating and repairing damaged liners, and the performance of existing
impoundments will provide guidance for improved cost effective regulations and
design. Land treatment research will be directed toward determining optimum tech-
niques for using the assimilative capacity of the land for application of hazardous
wastes, providing guidance on leachate control, site selection, fate and transoort,
and establishing waste loading rates comensurate with organic degradation.
Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
Enforcement Activities.Hazardouswasteregulationsprovldebroaddesignand
operatinefsl;and₯rW"necessary to protect human health and the environment from the
mismanagement of hazardous wastes. These regulations, however, do not provide the
detailed technical data necessary for permitting and enforcement officials to re-
view and make technical evaluations to determine whether a proposed facility will
meet the performance standards stated in the regulations. Technical Resource
Documents (TRDs) will be updated for disposal facilities to provide more detailed,
up-to-date guidance to the Regions and State agencies responsible for permitting
hazardous waste disposal facilities and enforcing applicable regulations. The
TRDs will document procedures for design, operation, maintenance, and closure of
facilities and the extent to which these procedures will minimize the release of
pollutants to the environment.
Research will focus on the assessment of Incinerator performance and other
high temperature processes which may be used in the destruction of hazardous wastes.
The research is divided into four areas: laboratory scale incineration, pilot
scale incineration, high temperature industrial processes, and field performance
assessment of full scale incinerators. Laboratory scale research will focus on
the development of destruction efficiency and by-products formation data of select-
ed hazardous compounds when exposed directly to a flame and to elevated temperatures
in the absence of a flame. To allow verification of industry sponsored trial burn
data and to provide the basis for a methodology needed to evaluate full scale
facility performance on new wastes or under varying operating conditions, pilot
scale research will develop data on destruction efficiencies of two types of inciner-
ators for listed hazardous wastes as well as special wastes of specific interest
to the Regions and States. In addition, data on air emissions by-product formation
and monitoring requirements will be developed to assist the Agency Permit Assistance
Team.
The destruction of hazardous wastes in high temperature industrial processes
will be investigated. A series of guidance documents and an engineering data base
will be prepared on the disposal of these wastes by their combustion as a fuel.
The research on full scale incinerator facilities will concentrate on assessing
the performance of various incinerators and other combustion facilities being
used by industry for combustion of hazardous wastes. Special attention will be
devoted to dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and furans* Evaluation of the
technologies available for treating, storing and disposing of these chemicals
will be provided in manual form.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
Reports will be issued summarizing research on the evaluation of specialized equip-
ments a;nd techniques for preventing, controlling, removing, and disposing of hazard-
ous materials spills. Technical support to the program offices, Regions and States
will be provided.
HW-17
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,078,600 and 70.3 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $4,900,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $13,178,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation,
D^e ye lop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCR.A_ Treatment, Storage and
DisggsaTZ ReguTati on s.Research is Being conducted on process"measurement and the
development of improved sampling and analysis protocols which can be used to
routinely test incinerators being used to dispose of hazardous wastes to ensure
they maintain their destruction efficiency.
Research to assess and optimize the component performance of landfills and
surface impoundments of hazardous wastes is developing user manuals to provide
technical assistance to State and local governments. Manuals addressing minimizing
moisture infiltration and leachate generation, chemical stabilization of wastes,
evaluation of liner materials for hazardous waste landfills, and evaluation of
techniques for assessing pollutant release from 1n-place wastes and contaminated
soils are being prepared.
Land treatment of hazardous waste is being evaluated on a pilot scale as a
potential cost effective means of treatment and disposal. Percolation rates,
microbiological degradation rates, soil changes, management techniques, site closure
procedures, loading rates, nutrient balances, metals uptake, "pre-treatment" re-
quirements, are being developed and evaluated.
DevelopTechnical Data and. Methods Necessary to .Support RCRAPermitting^and
Enforcement Activities, technical Resource^ DocuSerits representing Best Engineering
Judgment for the design, operation and closure of hazardous waste disposal facili-
ties are being prepared. Laboratory and pilot scale research is being conducted
to better define the operating conditions required for the destruction of hazardous
wastes and to simulate full scale incineration conditions. This includes research
on destruction efficiencies, by-product formation and air emission characteristics
to allow scale-up to full scale incinerators.
Research is being conducted to obtain emission and performance data at full
scale industrial facilities for the combustion of hazardous wastes mixed with
conventional fuels in industrial boilers, wet and dry cement kilns, and in lime
kilns. Research is being conducted to evaluate advanced hazardous waste treatment
technologies including studies on advanced biological conversion processes, super-
critical solvents and metals recovery using adapted metallurgical techniques.
Deyelop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spil1s.
The 1983 Hazardous Spil Is Program was transferred to the Hazardous Waste Program
from the Municipal Wastewater Program, Research 1s being conducted to evaluate
Improved methods and technology for determining spill cleanup priorities, evaluating
alternative cleanup techniques, and restricting the movement of spilled material
by containment and confinement devices. Specialized equipment and techniques
from different industries are being evaluated for adaptation to spills removal.
Manuals are being prepared for State and local governments and private spill cleanup
managers.
1983 Explanation PfChanges from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$3,145,300 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Actions. (+$3,145,300) EPA's application of Congressional
action to this activity resulted in the following changes.
(+$375,300) This increase includes +$375,3'00 of the $10,5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
HW-18
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(+$2,500,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Research and Development
appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the Agency. This specific
increase supports land disposal regulations and guidance documents (+52,000,000)
and the feasibility of using land treatment for various hazardous waste streams
(+$500,000).
(+$270,000) Congress directed an increase of +5270,000 to the Research and
Development appropriation for the Phosphate Rock Study.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $16,930,500 for this program, of which
52,486,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $14,444,300 was
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support Treatment., Storage and Disposal
Research was ini tiated to develop 'sampling" "and analysis protocols
to routinely test incinerators to ensure they maintain their destruction efficiency.
Test methodologies were developed for determining movement of selected metals in
various soils. An initial assessment of synthetic liners was completed. A computer
program to aid landfill planners and designers by simulating hydroTogic character-
istics of landfill operations was completed.
The "Two Dimensional Subsurface Drainage Model" was developed in order to pro-
vide technical support information for establishment of performance standards and
formal ization of a regulatory support tool for evaluating landfill designs. A
mathematical model was developed for predicting volatile organic compound emissions
from landfills and impoundments,
A Technical Resource Document titled "Hazardous Waste Land Treatment" was
completed. Industrial wastes on the Standard Industrial Code list were reviewed
and a report was published which listed the hazardous wastes that are viable candi-
dates for land treatment.
Develop 'Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
E n f orcement Sct'f v ffi'ijs". Eight Technical "Resource Documents were prepared repre-
sentUng best engi neeri ng judgement for the management of hazardous wastes by land
disposal, land treatment, and surface impoundments.
Engineering assistance was provided to develop engineering, cost and perfor-
mance models for a range of incineration systems. Innovative technologies for
treatment, destruction and recycling of hazardous waste streams were evaluated.
Technical support for the At-Sea-Incinerat1on program was provided. Construction
of the Combustion Research Facility was completed and pilot-scale testing of a
rotary kiln incinerator was initiated. Thermal decomposition profiles for 15
hazardous compounds were completed in laboratory scale equipment.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,641,200 and 30.8 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 52,452,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,188,900 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $34,400 and a decrease of
5371,000 respectively. This decrease reflects from the transfer of exploratory
research funds to the Intermedia program.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regu I atory Actl y t tl₯s"I Research will focus on the development of' methods ana
data for determining the potential biological impacjts of wastes proposed for listing/
deli sting under Section 3001 of RCRA. Screening methods and data for assessing
the environmental mobility and subsequent impact of wastes on human health or the
environment will be provided and the feasibility of using aquatic dose/response
data to indicate potential mammalian toxicity will be assessed.
HM-19
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Develop Technlca 1Data Necessary to S uppgrt RCRATreatment. S torage, and 0 i s-
posal ReguJationJ^ In order to implement regulations which are bothcost-effective
arid' envir.prtnentally safe, research supporting the assessment of cost-effective
regulatory alternatives will produce multimedia methods for predicting the potential
impacts and risks to human health from various regulatory (mainly disposal) options.
In addition, a two dimensional ground water model and microcosm technology will
be field-evaluated to determine both the suitability for predicting what actually
happens in the environment and to determine the environmental and chemical-specific
factors that control hazardous waste behavior in ground water.
Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permittingand
Enforcement Ac|.iv1ti&s. Criteria developed in 1983' for selecting ~and evaluating1
"sitfs=for land disposal facilities will be evaluated in several hydrogeological
settings in 1984 jointly by EPA and USG5. The research will provide improved
guidelines for permitters to evaluate sites based on the potential for migration
of pollutants in the subsurface environment.
Develop Techniques and Procedures ta Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
The program will evaluate an"3correlate bioassay,analytical afvi statistical
procedures to be used in measuring and predicting the potential ecological impact
of spills or releases of hazardous materials. The results of field evaluations,
bioassays and laboratory analyses of field samples will be correlated and recommen-
dations made which specify which test or combination of tests provides the most
valid and cost-effective tool for predicting the ecological impacts of spills and
release of hazardous materials.
1J83 ^Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,977,800 and 30.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,417,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,559,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Waste for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory'Actlviti'eTi Activities supporting the objective of determining the
feards posed from exposure include developing cost-effective, standardized proce-
dures for predicting environmental mobility and subsequent biological impacts of
hazardous waste and devising predictive systems for use in prescreening RCRA
materials to rapidly determine the potential health and environmental effects of
those materials.
Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage,' and Dis-
posal ReguTatTolfsTongoing research supporting the analysis of alternative treat-
ment and disposal options includes development of a two-dimensional ground water
model for predicting movement of wastes and development of multimedia methods to
predict the Impacts of wastes that escape into the environment.
Develop Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
Enforcement'Activities. Efforts are proceeding to develop hydrogeologic criteria
for evaliiattng the""siiitab 11 ity of proposed sites for disposal of hazardous wastes
in coordination with the USGS. These criteria will be used by permit writers to
accept or reject applications for treatment, storage, or disposal facilities. The
criteria will be field evaluated jointly with USGS.
Develop Techniques and Proceduresto Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
The 1983 Spills Program was transferredto the Hazardous Waste Program from the
Municipal Wastewater Program. Currently, the reliability of bioassays for describ-
ing or predicting actual field conditions is unknown. The objective of the program
is to develop the capability to correlate new or existing bioassay procedures and
analytical results with quantifiable field conditions.
HW-ZO
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1 983 Expl anatl on of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +599,700 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$99,700) This increase includes +$99,700 of the
S10.5 million salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 4-80 additional oerna-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 53,355,600 for this program, of which
SI, 664,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 51,691,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Hastes for j.l5t1n.g_and_iVthe_r
RCRA fegul at'ory Aptiyi ti' es~. A protocol for evaluation of waste leachate loxicTty
(both acute and chronic]" using Oaphnia Magna was provided for standardization. A
methodology was developed for determining, on a mass balance basis, rates of uotake
and excretion of potentially hazardous organic chemicals by fish (for comparison
with mammalian data). A multi -elemental method for analysis of suspended minerals
in hazardous wastes by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy was provided for
cost-comparison with other methods.
Develop Technical Data necessary to Support RCRA ^ Treatment, L Storage ^ and Dis-
posal jeju^atlons,' A review was published related to modeling of 'chemTcaTTeaetTon's
a nci tran spb" rt 1 'n~ ground water systems. A description of methods available for
predicting leachate plume migration was published.
Devel op Technical Data and Methods Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting and
Enf orcement j\ctl vrtles. A number of technical3 assistance requests related to the
u s"e of ground " "'wafer'"' model s as they apply to permits for hazardous waste sites
under RCRA were completed.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
\
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HVI-23
Financial Assistance. HW-27
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States....... HW-28
Resource Recovery Local Financial Assistance.. HM-30
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HU-31
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation. HVf-33
Salld Waste Management Program Implementation ». HW-35
Technical Assistance , HH-36
Technical Information Development HW-37
Solid Waste Technology Assistance Delivery HW-37
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites HVI-39
HW-22
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 198:3
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Polic-ies
Salaries & Expenses $6,623.0 $6,55.9.0 $6,833.7 56,928.3 $94.6
Abatement Control 4 $14,851.1 $17,160.0 $17,282.0 $13,664.0 -$3,618.0
Compliance
TOTAL $21,474.1 $23,719.0 $24,115.7 $20,592.3 -S3,523.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,623.0 $6,559.0 $6,833.7 $6,928.3 $94.5
Abatement Control & $14,851.1 $17,160.0 $17,282.0 $13,664.0 -$3,618.0
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $21,474.1 $23,719.0 $24,115.7 $20,592.3 -53,523.4
Regulations,
Guidelines 4 Policies
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 123.2 116.8 123.4 116.4 -7.0
& Policies
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 123.2 116.8 123.4 116.4 -7.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 161.4 157.7 164.3 155.9 -8.4
& Policies
TOTAL WORKYEARS 161.4 157.7 164.3 155.9 -8.4
HW-23
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, And Policies
Budget Request ,
The Agency requests a total of $20,592,300 and 116.4 permanent workyears for
1984. This 1s a decrease of $3,523,400 and 7.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included 1n this total 1s $6,928,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $13,664,000 for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance. The decrease 1s primarily associated with
the completion of data collection activities for the regulatory Impact analyses
of the core hazardous waste regulations.
Program Descr1ption
The Agency's hazardous waste regulatory, guidance, and policy making activi-
ties are carried out under this program. Activities Include providing national
guidance and oversight to the Regions and States for Implementation and enforce-
ment of the hazardous waste regulatory program, reviewing and revising existing
hazardous waste regulations, and completing the development of the hazardous
waste program to fill in key regulatory gaps.
Regulations,Guidelines, and Policies This program provides for the manage-
ment of the nationalResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C
hazardous waste program. Included are the promulgation and refinement of the
criteria and regulations for Identification, tracking, management, and disposal
of hazardous wastes; technical studies; regulatory Impact and economic analyses;
and assessments of control options and technologies necessary for regulatory
decision-making. Activities also Include Issuing guidance to the Regions and
States for nationally consistent administration of the Subtitle C regulations and
developing and evaluating Implementation policies.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES,AND POLICIES .
^M Program Request , - ' '
The Agency requests a total of $20,592,300 and 116.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,928,300 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$13,664,000 1s for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The
$94,600 increase to Salaries and Expenses results from Increased payroll costs. For
Abatement, Control, and Compliance, the decrease of $3,618,000 results from comple-
tion of data collection activities associated with the regulatory impact analyses
of the core hazardous waste regulatory program.
Under this program, the Agency will provide guidance and assistance to the
Regions and States on State authorization and permitting activities. This Includes
timely review of authorization applications and guidance and assistance to the
Regions and States to help States meat authorization requirements. Permitting
activities will focus on developing guidance to permit writers and applicants for
Incinerator and land disposal facilities. Permit assistance teams will be avail-
able to advise on technically difficult permits, particularly land disposal, In
order to ensure national consistency of Initial permits. ,
This program also Includes developing and distributing national guidance for
and evaluation of compliance monitoring and technical enforcement programs 1n the
Regions and states. < A~
The final component of the Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies program is
regulation development. In 1984, the Agency will continue to review and reassess
the existing RCRA regulations. The Agency will propose restricting certain wastes
HW-24
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from land disposal and will promulgate amendments for the definition of solid
waste, the hazardous waste mixture rule, and for class permits for containers and
tanks.
The Agency will also address new regulatory efforts which are designed to bring
under regulation those wastes and processes not currently covered, or inadequately
covered, under the existing RCRA regulations. Regulations to be proposed to fill
in these key regulatory gaps will cover waste oil, burning of hazardous wastes in
boilers, and organic chemical wastes. The Agency will also continue work on regula-
tory activities for small quantity generators.
The industry studies program will focus on RCRA §3001 generic listings for
the organic chemicals industry. The Agency will propose listings for several
classes of chemicals including chlorinated aromatlcs, organic bromines, and carba-
mates and will examine the plastics and synthetic rubber industries in order to
support future RCRA §3001 listing decisions.
The Agency will also be developing technical legislative changes dealing
with the adequacy and workability of the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund and
proposing financial responsibility requirements rules for corrective actions.
The Agency will conduct regulatory Impact analyses for Its regulatory efforts.
As part of this effort, the Agency will apply the degree-of-hazard model to analyze
and compare the costs, risks and benefits of different waste management strategies
in order to develop a comprehensive assessment of the regulatory effects on indus-
try and the environment.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $24,115,700 and 123.4 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $6,833,700 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
517,282,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. "
The Agency will provide guidance to Regions and States on State authorizations
and permitting. In addition, permit assistance teams will provide expert technical
and procedural assistance for the development of Initial facility permits. The
, Agency will also schedule the first annual RCRA program reviews to assess Regional
and State performance.
Compliance monitoring and enforcement guidance will be provided to the Regions
and the States to assure State accountability and national consistency with RCRA
requirements.
The Agency will continue to review existing RCRA regulations. The interim
final land disposal standards'promulgated in 1982 will become effective. Five
regulatory impact analyses of the core RCRA §3004 technical facility standards
promulgated In 1931 and 1982 will be conducted. In addition, the Agency will
propose and/or develop minor technical amendments and clarifications to earlier
RCRA regulations, including the hazardous waste mixture rule, the definition of
solid waste, and the definition of monofill wastes.
The Agency will continue Its review of Interim status ground water monitoring
requirements with the analysis of facility sites that were sampled.
The Agency Is also beginning to develop regulations and conduct regulatory
Impact analyses for wastes and/or processes not currently covered by the hazardous
waste standards. Regulations being developed include waste oil, burning of hazard-
ous wastes In boilers and air emissions from facilities. The Agency will also begin
examining regulatory requirements for small quantity generators. Data collection
activities are planned to define existing practices for these wastes or processes
and to Identify areas where regulation is needed.
HW-25
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The Agency will continue the Industry studies program to identify hazardous
wastes that are currently not regulated and establish a comprehensive data base
for the RCRA §3001 waste listings decisions. The pesticides, dyes and pigments,
and industrial organic chemicals industries are being examined. The Agency will
propose a generic listing for chlorinated aliphatics.
As a part of the paperwork reduction efforts, the Agency is planning revisions
to annual reporting requirements and will promulgate the national uniform manifest
and develop class peraits for containers and tanks.
1983 Explanation ofChangesfrom Budget Estimate
The net Increase of +$396,700 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$233,700] The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of+$122,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the academic training program.
(+5111,700) This increase includes +$111,700 of the S10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
-Reprogramrcings. (+5163,000) During the development of the ooerating olan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations, These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$163,000 to the Salaries and Exoenses aporopriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $21,474,100 for this program including 56,623,000
for Salaries and Expenses and $14,851,100 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
The Agency provided guidance and training to the Regions and States on RCRA
implementation policies and requirements. The annual RCRA guidance on State program
development, manuals on Interim and Full Authorization and initial permit call-in
strategies were developed. Training to Regional and State permit writers was also
provided.
The Aqenc.y promulgated revisions to the RCRA §3004 interim final regulations
requiring liability Insurance and financial assurance for closure and post-closure
by hazardous waste facilities. Interim final RCRA $3004 standards for existing
and new land disposal facilities were promulgated 1n 1982. The Agency also
announced Its decision not to suspend the RCRA §3004 existing Incinerator regula-
tions promulgated in 1981.
Consistent with the requirements of Executive Order 12291, the Regulatory
Flexibility Act, the Paperwork Reduction Act and the President's Task Force on
Regulatory Relief, five regulatory Impact analyses for the RCRA §3004 regulations
promulgated in 1981-82 were initiated. These analyses were directed towards land
disposal, storage (containers and tanks), Incineration, location (seismic and
floodplains), and financial responsibility. Related activities such as degree-of-
hazard model development and paperwork reduction analyses were also continued in
1952. The Agency initiated its review of RCRA Interim status requirements,
focusing primarily on the effectiveness of Interim status ground water monitoring
requirements now in place. Phase I of this review, which examines past and present
practices, was completed.
In addition, the Agency continued the Industry studies to establish a com-
prehensive data base for RCRA §3001 waste listings decisions. The pesticides,
dyes and pigments, and Industrial organic chemicals Industries were examined.
These industries generate high volumes of wastes, have high concentrations of toxic
products, and/or high persistence and mobility of products 1n wastestreams.
HW-26
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control & $42,344.8 $35,135,6 $44,068.0 $42,500.0 -SI,568.0
Compliance
TOTAL $42,344.8 $35,136.6 S44.068.0 $42,5.00.0 -$1,568.0
Resource Recover^ Local
Financial Assistance
Abatement Control & $268.9
Compliance
TOTAL $268.9
TOTAL:
Abatement Control 8 $42,613.7 $35,136.6 $44,068.0 $42,500.0 -$1,568.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $42,613.7 $35,136.6 $44,068.0 $42,500.0 -$1,568.0
HW-27
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,500,000 for this program in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation for 1984. This is a decrease of $1,568,000
from 1983.
Program Description
This program provides financial assistance to State governments for developing
and implementing the hazardous waste management programs under Subtitle C of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Hazardous Waste iManagOTen^ Financial Assistance to States -- This program pro-
vides Financial assi stance to States to develop, implement, "and enforce programs
that monitor and control hazardous wastes from cradle to grave, including genera-
tion, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal.
Resource Recovery Local Financial Assistance This program, until 1982,
provided assistance to grantees undertaking projects leading to Implementation of
resource and energy recovery systems in their communities. Funding was not re-
quested or appropriated in 1982 or 1983.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT R NANCLAL ASSI STANCE, TO ^STATES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S42, 500,000 for this program In the Abatement,
Control , and Compliance appropriation. The decrease of $1,568,000 reflects the
increasing ability of the States to fund their own hazardous waste programs.
States awarded grants must either be operating a substantially equivalent
hazardous waste program undier Interim Authorization or working toward Interim
Authorization through a Cooperative Arrangement. State grant targets are allocated
on a formula basis that accounts for a State's population, land area, number of
hazardous waste generators and amount of hazardous waste. The grant amount is
negotiated based on the target, but depends on the portion of the Federal program
the State is operating.
States will use these funds to make significant progress toward authoriza-
tion. States will submit applications for Full Authorization and work to ensure
that their programs are equivalent to the Federal program. Approximately 32 ap-
plications for Full Authorization will be submitted to the Agency and be under
review by the end of the fiscal year,
States will also play a strong roTe in national permitting efforts. As in
1983, almost half of the State resources will be earmarked for permit activities.
In order to expedite the processing of permits for new or expanding facilities,
States will devote sufficient permitting resources to respond to all anticipated
applications from these facilities. Authorized States will be responsible for
processing as many as 345 permits in 1984. However, the States may not complete
processing on all of these permits to the point of issuance or denial 1n 1984
because of the lengthy timetable required to fully process permits.
Hvt-28
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In conjunction with the Federal enforcement program, States will perform
approximately in,000 compliance monitoring inspections. This number encompasses
100 percent of facilities permitted by States in 1983, 100 percent of major haz-
ardous waste handlers (interim status facilities with ground water monitoring
requirements, incinerators, and selected generators and transporters), ?5 percent
of non-major facilities, and 10 percent of the remaining generators and transport-
ers. In addition, the States wiTl Issue, as necessary, administrative enforcement
actions, convene administrative hearings, and provide technical support for the
development .of State civil actions.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $44,068,000 to State financial assistance
under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. States are using these
funds to continue working toward Interim and Full Authorization and to continue
operating the Federal program for unauthorized phases through Cooperative Arrange-
ments.
Based on the Agency's promulgation of the land disposal regulations in July
1982, Phase IIC (permitting of land disposal facilities) and Full Authorization
will be available effective January 1983. By the close of fiscal year 1983, 47
States and territories will be in some phase of authorization as a result of
their progress in developing satisfactory hazardous waste management programs.
States with Phase II will be expected to focus 50 percent of their resources
on permitting new and expanding facilities and major facilities, i.e., incinerators
and land disposal facilities. Cooperative Arrangement States will be eligible,
based on Region and State negotiations, to technically evaluate permit applica-
tions, however, EPA retains responsibility for making the final permit decision of
issuance or denial.
State compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts, in partnership with
Federal activities, will concentrate on establishing an enforcement presence in
the regulated community. State compliance monitoring activities will focus on
Implementation of the uniform manifest system, financial responsibility require-
ments, and treatment and storage facility permit application call-in's. Compliance
monitoring inspections are planned for approximately 12,000 facilities and genera-
tors. This level of effort represents 100 percent of-major hazardous waste hand-
lers; 50 percent of non-major facilities, especially those that will become eligible
for a class permit 1n 1984; and 10 percent of the remaining generators and trans-
porters. Appropriate enforcement actions will be taken as warranted.
1983 Exp1 anati on of Change s f.rpm Budget Esti ma te
The net Increase of +58,931,400 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$8,931,400) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +58,931,400 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was
for the State hazardous waste financial assistance program.
1982 Accompl 1 shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $42,344,800 for this program under the Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The grant funds supported continued
development of substantially equivalent legislation and regulations required for
Interim Authorization, Implementation of those programs, and operation of delegated
aspects of the Federal program (manifest, compliance monitoring, permit evaluation)
through Cooperative Arrangements.
HW-29
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States were eligible to apply for Interim Authorization for Phase I, Phase IIA
(permitting of tanks, containers and piles), and Phase 113 (permitting of Incinera-
tors). By the end of fiscal year 1982, 34 States had been Interim Authorized for
Phase I and five of these States were also Interim^ Authorized for Phase 1 1 A/8.
Grant funds also supported Cooperative Arrangements for 19 States to operate
selected aspects of the Federal program. States negotiated with Regions the tasks
they performed while working toward Interim Authorization. After final negotia-
tion of the grants, both for Interim Authorized and Cooperative Arrangement States,
funds which the States could not expend were used by the Region to provide contrac-
tor support for implementation of the Federal hazardous waste program. '
Compliance monitoring and enforcement activities, in conjunction with the
Federal enforcement program, concentrated on those handlers which posed the
greatest potential for environmental problems, such as ground water monitoring
facilities. States conducted over 14,000 compliance monitoring inspections and
initiated enforcement actions as necessary.
RESOURCE RECOVERY LOCAJ. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency is requesting no resources for this program.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources to this program,
1983 ^ feplajiatioti LQ
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accqmpl_1shme,nt5
The Agency obligated $268,900 for Resource Recovery Local Financial Assis-
tance under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The grant
funds provided support for projects in three States: the Northeast Maryland Solid
Waste Disposal Authority; the Slue Plains treatment Facility, District of Columbia;
and the West Virginia Solid Waste Disposal Authority.
These resources were used to phase-out community development activities
associated with these projects.
HW-30
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Solid Waste
Management Program
Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
$6,900.9 $11,382.9 $11,352.6 $14,135.2 $2,782.6
$2,602.3 $1,629.5 $1,678.0 $1,986.4 $308.4
TOTAL $9,503.2 $13,012.4 $13,030.6 $16,121.6 $3,091.0
$53.2
TOTAL $53.2
$6,954.1 $11,382.9 $11,352.6 $14,135.2 $2,782.6
$2,602.3 $1,629.5 $1,678.0 $1,986.4 $308.4
TOTAL $9,556.4 $13,012.4 $13,030.6 $16,121.6 $3,091.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Solid Waste
Management Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
185.7 264.1 305.4 305.4
1.0
186.7 264.1 305.4 305.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation *
221.1
342.3
383.0
411.6
28.6
HW-31
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
Solid Waste 1.0
Management Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 222.1 342.3 383.0 411.6 28.6
HW-32
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,121,600 and 305,4 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $3,091,000 from 1983. Included in this total is $14,135,200
for Salaries and Expenses and $1,986,400 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance
with increases of $2,782,600 and $308,400, respectively.
Program Description
This program includes the hazardous waste implementation program which sup-
ports the Regional activities necessary to oversee, and operate when required, the
RCRA-mandated hazardous waste program. Also included, through 1982, was the solid
waste program which Involved Regional activities that enabled States to implement
Subtitle 0.
Hazardous Haste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation *- This pro-
gram supports the Regional activities necessary to provide guidance and technical
assistance to authorized States and to operate the Federal hazardous waste program
in unauthorized States. Regions assist the States in developing substantially
equivalent hazardous waste management programs to qualify for Interim Authoriza-
ation and fully equivalent programs to qualify for Full Authorization which will
be available in January 1983.
Solid Waste Management Program Implementation -- This program included Region-
al activities designed to enhance the ability of the States to implement solid
waste management programs under Subtitle 0 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act. The Regions guided State procedures for conducting solid waste dispos-
al site inventories and assisted in the development of comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plans.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMEMTATION
1984 Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,121,600 and 305.4 permanent workyears for
this program of which $14,135,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,986,400 is
for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This increase reflects
the heavy near-tern workload facing the Agency for both State authorizations and
facility permitting.
The Regions* highest priority activity in 1984 is State program development.
Aggressive delegation efforts will ensure that a substantial number of States
achieve Interim Authorization, particularly for Phases IIB and 11C which enable
States to permit incinerators and land disposal facilities, and Full Authorization
before January 1985. The statute intends for the States to have full responsibil-
ity for operating a Federally equivalent hazardous waste program. State programs
will be eligible for Full Authorization beginning in January 1983. The statute
requires the States to receive Full Authorization by January 1985 or the Agency
must operate the hazardous waste program. However, this deadline does not pre-
clude States from continuing to develop their own programs and attaining Full
Authorization at a later date.
HW-33
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This request will enable the Regions to assist States in the development of
both their authorization aoolicatlons and their program capabilities. The Regions
will review Interim and Full Authorization applications against substantial equiva-
lence and full equivalence criteria, approve applications in a timely manner, and
negotiate State grants and Cooperative Arrangements.
As a result of this Investment, the Agency anticipates that by the end of
1984, 18 States will be Fully Authorized and 32 States will have applications
under review. States with Full Authorization applications pending by the end of
the year will either be operating under Interim Authorization or working under
Cooperative Arrangements for oortlons of the program.
The Regions' second priority 1s the preparation and processing of permits for
new and expanding hazardous waste management facilities, existing incinerators,
and existing land disposal facilities 1n unauthorized States. These facilities
will be a high permitting priority due to their greater potential for adverse
environmental impacts and the Inadequacy of their interim status standards to
protect and maintain the quality of the environment. The Agency will complete
processing of 195 permits in 1984. In addition, the Regions will call in 205
facilities 1n order to maintain a timely and effective program to permit facili-
ties of the most environmental concern.
In authorized States, Regions will review 30 percent of the State permit
actions to ensure national consistency. Regional review of the Initial State-
processed permits will provide to the States Increased technical knowledge and
understanding and will result 1n a stronger and more effective State permitting
process.
IffiSJ'rogram
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $13,030,600 and 305.4 permanent
workyears to the program of which 511,352,600 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
51,678,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are negotiating, awarding, and administering grants and Coopera-
tive Arrangements based on the Individual State's authorization status and accept-
ance of delegated activities. The Regions operate all manifest activities and
technical evaluations of permit applications not delegated to Cooperative Arrange-
ment States.
The Regions are focusing on delegating the various phases of program authori-
zation. Regions are assisting States to develop application packages, design and
strengthen their programs, and ensure that all Interim Authorized programs meet
substantial equivalence requirements. In addition, the Regions review applications
for Full Authorization and ensure that the State programs meet full equivalence
requirements. By the end of 1983, the Agency anticipates that 46 States will have
at least Phase I Interim Authorization, of which 31 States will also possess one
or more components of Phase II Interim Authorization, and at least one State will
be Fully Authorized.
The second critical Implementation task is completing the processing of
322 permits. The permitting of additional storage and treatment facilities after
1983 will generally be deferred 1n favor of those facilities which pose a.more
significant threat to human health and the environment. An exception to this
plan will be made, however, when the Agency promulgates class permit regulations
in 1984. Class permits rely on a set of standard, nationwide permit conditions
for all facilities defined by the Agency as a class. This approach will reduce
the application requirements and permit Issuance time for most of the remaining
storage and treatment facilities.
HW-34
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The Regions retain responsibility for permit issuance in all Cooperative
Arrangement States. Since 1983 is the first year of permit development by Interim
Authorized States, the Regions will review all incinerator permits and ten percent
of storage and treatment permits processed by authorized States.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$18,200 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$494,200) This increase includes +$494,200 of the
S10.5 mill ion Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional
permanent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogranmings. (-5476,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several re progr awnings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$524,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase
of +$48,500 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
4
In 1%2, the Agency obligated 19,503,200 for this program, including *6,900,900
for Salaries and Expenses and $2,602,300 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
The Regions focused on assisting States to achieve various phases of authori-
zation. As of September 1982, 34 States had achieved Phase I Interim Authoriza-
tion and five of these States had also received Phase IIA/B Interim Authorization.
The Agency called-ln and initiated the permit process for 771 storage and
treatment facilities and incinerators. In addition, the Regions processed four
permits for new or expanding facilities whose owners or operators submitted ap-
plications voluntarily.
SOLID HASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1984 Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources to this program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $53,200 for this program in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The Regions provided limited guidance to the States on implementation of
their Solid Waste Management Plans. Effective Regional and State coordination
during development of the Plans minimized the need for Agency management at the
onset of plan implementation.
HW-35
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information
Development
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL
Solid Waste Technology
Assistance Delivery
Headquarters
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Technical Assistance TOTAL
$47.5
$47.5
$50.0
$50.0
$97.5
$97.5
HW-36
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Technical Assistance
Budget Request
No resources are requested for this program Consistent with the minimal
Federal role in guidance and support for State and local solid waste and resource
recovery activities and the increased responsibility of States for Subtitle D im-
plementation, technical assistance in these areas will not be necessary.
Program Descriptlori
This program enabled the Agency to provide State and local governments, as
well as Federal agencies, with comprehensive technical assistance on hazardous and
solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery.
Technical InformationDevelopment This program managed hearings, meetings,
and other pub!ic participation activities under RCRA §70Q4(b) in the development of
all regulations, guidelines, and programs under RCRA.
Solid Waste Technology Assistance Delivery -- This program provided national
programi manageme'nt including the(Agency1s estafel ishment .of Regional level-of-effort
contracts for technical assistance and management of an evaluation reporting system
on technical assistance. Administration and monitoring of peer matching technical
assistance grants was also included.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT
1984 _Prograin Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating np resources to this program.
1983 Expl anati on of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $47,500 for this program under the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. The funds were used to phase-out the
Agency's participatory public education and information program on hazardous waste
management technical issues.
SQL ID WASTE TECHNOLOGY ASS I STANCE DEL lYERY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating no resources to this program.
HW-37
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1983 Exp1anat1on_of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
V982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $50,000 for this program under the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. The funds were used to phase-out Regional
contracts for technical assistance and administration of peer matching technical
assistance grants.
HW-38
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
ACTUAL BUD.GET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Uncontrolled Hazardous TOTAL
Waste Sites
5882.8
$882.8
$882.8
$882.8
HW-39
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds in 1984 for this budget activity. Since 1982,
activities previously funded under this budget activity are being funded by the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation created by the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980.
P rogram Descri pt ion
This activity was an interim program to address hazardous substance release
problems in a limited way before passage of "CERCLA-."
McpA^rp1A.^d....-fejsardpus,.-Was.^ Sltgs, - This program addressed the worst known
problensassocia'ted with uncontrot1 edhazardous waste sites. The interin strategy
encompassed site discovery actions, investigations to determine the most serious
sites, emergency assistance at those sites eligible under §311 of the Clean Water
Act of 1977, and development of enforcement actions under the provisions of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation is now providing the necessary funding and authority to
intensify efforts to undertake planning and Implementation of containment measures.
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
/
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program in 1984.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating no funds for this program.
1983 E^pjanrtionjrf^Chan^es^ f rgm Budget^ Esjlitia^
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $882,800 under the Abatement, Con-
trol, and Compliance appropriatipn for hazardous waste site response (feasibility
studies and analysis at the Arkansas City Dump and the LiPari Landfill) and Super^
fund implementation activities. These were the remainder of the funds provided
in the $14 million 1981 supplemental for pre-Superfund site planning and remedial
activities.
HW-40
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDS WASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement.. , HW-42
Hazardous Waste Permit Issuance HW-43
Hazardous Waste Enforcement. , HW-44
HW-41
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste Permit
Issuance
Salaries & Expenses 53,191.5
TOTAL S3,191.5
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement - Office of
Solid Waste & Emergency
Response
Salaries & Expenses $3,136.8 $1,896.5 $2,385.7 S3,509.5 SI,123.8
Abatement Control & $378.7
Compliance ^
TOTAL S3,515.5 $1,896.5 52,385.7 $3,509.5 SI,123.8
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $6,328.3 $1,896.5 $2,385,7 $3,509.5 $1,123.8
Abatement Control & 5378.7
Compl iance
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $6,707.0 $1,896.5 $2,385.7 $3,509.5 51,123.8
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste Permit 86.5
Issuance
Hazardous Waste 83.9 46.1 70.1 70.1
Enforcement - Office of
Solid Waste 8 Emergency
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 170.4 46.1 70.1 ~" 70.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste Permit 108.8
Issuance
Hazardous Waste 97.4 51.4 75.4 75.4
Enforcement - Office of
Solid Waste & Emergency
Response >
TOTAL WORKYEARS 206.2 51.4 75.4 75.4
HU-42
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,509,500 for Salaries and Expenses and 70.1
permanent workyears for 1984, an increase of $1,123,800 from 1983.
Program Description
This program serves to ensure compliance with the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). The principle objectives are to monitor and evaluate hazard-
ous waste generator, transporter, and facility compliance with the statutory and
regulatory requirements of RCRA; encourage and promote voluntary compliance by
hazardous waste handlers; take appropriate administrative, civil, and criminal
enforcement actions when necessary; and to assist and evaluate program implementa-
tion in the States.
HazardousWaste Permlt Issuance This program 1s part of the comprehensive
effort required by RCSA to manage Hazardous wastes. The Act prohibits treatment,
storage, or disposal of hazardous waste except 1n accordance with an EPA or ap-
proved State Issued permit. Since 1983, resources for this effort have been
requested in the Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation
program.
Hazardous Waste Enforcement Pursuant to RCRA §3006, States may receive
authorization to operate and enforce a hazardous waste program In Heu of the
Federal RCRA Subtitle C regulatory program. States which lack authorization may
enter into Cooperative Arrangements with the Agency to conduct some portions of
the program. Where States do not implement this program, the Agency 1s required
to operate and enforce the Federal regulatory program. Specific activities in
all Instances Include compliance monitoring of interim status facilities, per-
mitted facilities, and hazardous waste generators and enforcing against violators
of RCRA or its regulations. The Agency's strategy establishes a balance between
the promotion of voluntary compliance and the discovery and remedy of violations.
The Agency is also responsible for evaluating programs in authorized and
Cooperative Arrangement States to assess their progress 1n conducting their haz-
ardous waste compliance monitoring and enforcement activities. This 1s done to
ensure national consistency and equivalence to RCRA statutory and regulatory re-
quirements.
HAZARDOUS WASTEPERMITISSUANCE
1984Program Request
In 1984, the Agency is requesting resources for the hazardous waste permit
program under the Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation
and Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies program elements.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Regional program resources and functions were combined with the
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation program. Head-
quarters resources and functions were combined with the Regulations, Guidelines,
and Policies program.
HW-43
-------
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
198Z Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $3,191,500 for this program in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
The program emphasized the review and approval of State submissions for author-
ization under RCRA §3006. The Agency continued development and implementation of
the strategy to provide program development support to the States and Regional
offices. As part of that process, a series of workshops were held to provide State
and Regional personnel with guidance on hazardous waste facility permitting policy
and procedures. The Agency processed permits for those facilities that voluntarily
submitted permit applications. Teams of experts were established to assist Regional
and State permit writers in drafting RCRA permits.
WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,509,500 and 70.1 permanent workyears for
this program for Salaries and Expenses. This represents an increase of $1,123,800
over 1983 to provide for more extensive travel to support State oversight activi-
ties, a national system of automated reporting of State enforcement data, and higher
salary costs. This level reflects Regional technical enforcement resources only.
The 1984 Hazardous Waste Enforcement Program reflects the growing role of the
States in implementing the program as well as the increasing number of facilities
receiving Federally issued permits. Although 50 States/Territories are expected to
have some level of authorization in 1984, three will not be participating while
three others will be operating under Cooperative Arrangements. As a result of
the Federal role in Cooperative Arrangement and non-participating States, the
Agency will be required to conduct approximately three percent of the nationwide
compliance monitoring and enforcement program for generators and interim status
facilities. The highest priority for compliance monitoring inspections is given
to facilities required to comply with ground water monitoring requirements, in-
cinerators, and selected generators and transporters because their operations
potentially pose the most significant threats to public health and the environ-
ment.
This request will enable the Agency to complete 292 Federal compliance inspec-
tions. This total represents the Federal share of the national inspection program
which calls for inspections at 100 percent of the major hazardous waste handlers,
25 percent of non-major interim status facilities and 10 percent of the remaining
generators. This level of effort represents a strong and firm commitment to an
effective enforcement strategy. The Agency will conduce an additional 793 in-
spections to monitor compliance of all facilities receiving Federal permits in
1983 to ensure they are complying with their permit conditions.
In the event inspections reveal violations, the Agency will issue RCRA §3008
Compliance Orders, RCRA §3013 Administrative Orders requiring monitoring and
analysis of sites which nay present a substantial threat to human health or the
environment, and RCRA §7003 Administrative Orders to handlers posing imminent and
substantial endangerment. In addition, the Agency will develop the technical
aspects of civil and criminal actions under the authority of RCRA §§7003 and 3008.
As part of State evaluation efforts, the Agency will conduct 487 joint over-
sight inspections with State personnel and review the compliance monitoring and
enforcement programs in all authorized and Cooperative Arrangement States. In
-------
addition, the Agency will support State enforcement actions by providing technical
support, such as expert witnesses, sampling and laboratory analysis, and other
technical expertise not normally found in State governments.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $2,385,700 and 70.1 permanent workyears to
this program, all for Salaries and Expenses. This level reflects only technical
enforcement resources in the Regions.
The 1983 program will reflect the increase in both permitting activities and
the role of States In conducting their programs. As more States are authorized,
the Agency role will' shift away from implementation of compliance monitoring and
enforcement prog'rams and will focus on State oversight activities. Because of the
close scrutiny born by facilities applying for permits in 1983, compliance monitor*
ing inspections will- not be conducted at those facilities. However, in States
without authorization, the Agency will conduct compliance nonitoring inspections
of 100 percent of designated major handlers, 25 percent of other interim status
facilities, and 10 percent of selected generators and transporters for a total of
688 inspections. To return violators to compliance,, the Agency will issue RCRA
§3008 Compliance Orders, RCRA §3013 monitoring and analysis Administrative Orders,
and, where practices present an imminent and substantial endangernient, RCRA §7003
Administrative Orders. Technical support for the development of civil actions and
criminal investigations will be provided.
In its State oversight role, the Agency will conduct 487 joint inspections
with State personnel. Technical support in the areas of expert witnesses, labora-
tory and sampling support, and other technical expertise will continue to be pro-
vided.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$489,200 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$637,500) This increase includes +$637,500 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional perma-
nent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Rep r og ramnH figs. (-$148,300) During the development of the operating plan,
savera1 reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$148,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $3,515,500 for this program, of which $3,136,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $378,700 was for Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance. This level reflected the combined legal and technical enforcement re-
sources 1n Headquarters and the Regions,
The Agency focused on compliance monitoring and enforcement program develop-
ment as well as interim status compliance Inspections and appropriate enforcement
actions. The Agency conducted compliance monitoring inspections of those hazard-
ous waste handlers whose operations potentially pose the most significant threat
to public health and the environment. Mhen warranted, RCRA §3008 Compliance
Orders, RCRA §3013 monitoring and analysis Administrative Orders, and RCRA §7003
Administrative Orders were Issued.
In support of authorized States, the Agency monitored and evaluated the imple-
mentation of State compliance monitoring and enforcement programs. In addition, the
Agency provided technical assistance in such areas as expert witnesses, laboratory
and sampling support, and other technical expertise.
HH-45
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research .' P-7
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances,.... P-20
Registration P-22
Special Registration , P-24
To! erances P-25
Generic Chemical Review & Special Reviews - EIS Preparation P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-29
Special Reviews - EIS Preparation , P-31
Federal & State Program Support, .P-33
Pesticides Use Management... P-34
ENFORCEMENT
Pestidices Enforcement... P-36
Pesticides Enforcement , P-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-39
Pesticides Certification & Training , P-40
P-l
-------
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Research 4 Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
531,168.0 $28,139.4 $28,501.0 $31:,435.2 $2,934.2
$24,410.9 $20,534.4 $22,318.9 519,634.4 -52,684.5
52,234.7 52,108.2 52,108.2 51,673.0 -S435.2
$57,813.6 550,782.0 552,928.1 552,742.6 -S185.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
765.3 660.9 662.2 652.7 -9.5
828.3 744.5 745.8 736.9 -8.9
$61,435.0 557,244.4 553,074.0 553,430.0 +S356.0
P-2
-------
PESTICIDES
DVERVIEVIAMD STRATEGY
In 1981, nearly 1.2 billion pounds of pesticide active Ingredients - roughly
one quarter of the world's total - were used in the United States. These products
create major social benefits, such as increased agricultural productivity, lower
domestic food prices, a more favorable balance of nayments due to increased agri-
cultural exports, and control of human and animal diseases spread by insects and
rodents. However, pesticides are designed to be "bioactive and are deliberately
introduced into the environment for that purpose. Furthermore, most of these
products are used on human or animal food crops, making some human exposure
unavoidable.
The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the use of pesticides under the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) as amended, and Sec-
tions 402, 406, 408, and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
FIFRA authorizes the Agency, through a variety of mechanisms, to achieve the goal
of ensuring that pesticides registered for sale and use in the United States
will achieve their intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on human
health and environmental quality.
Overall, the Agency's efforts focus on three broad program areas to achieve
environmental results. These programs include registration of new products and
review and reregistration of existing pesticide products; enforcement of pesticide
use rules; and research and development to reinforce the Agency's ability to evalu-
ate risks and benefits of pesticides. Several areas of emphasis are evident
throughout these programs that reflect the continued importance of improving the
review processes in the pesticides regulatory program.
Registrajtion Activities
FIFRA and FFDCA provide for Agency control of the terms and conditions
under which pesticides can be legally used through the issuance of registrations
to permit marketing of pesticide products or their use under special conditions.
Registration standards are being established by the Agency to facilitate pes-
ticide registrations and ^registrations as expeditiously as possible, in accor-
dance with the FIFRA mandate.
Special Reviews (formerly Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration - RPAR)
are conducted on pesticides which have triggered established risk criteria and
thus are suspected of causing unreasonable adverse health or environmental effects.
Pesti ci des Enforcement
The pesticide enforcement program monitors and enforces compliance with FIFRA
requirements largely through cooperative agreements with State and Territorial
agencies, to which the Agency provides enforcement grants. Compliance and enforce-
ment activities are mainly intended to ensure that pesticide users comply with the
label directions and that pesticide producers and sellers comply with registration,
classification, and labeling requirements. The Agency also provides funds to the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to help support training for applicators of
restricted use pesticides, primarily farmers, and grants to States and Territories
to defray the costs of certifying applicators.
Research and Development
EPA's pesticides research program is designed to establish and maintain a
sound scientific basis for pesticide compliance and registration activities. The
program's focus is on increasing our understanding of how pesticides interact with
P-3
-------
man's activities in the environment to a degree that will ensure that the regu-
latory process will maximize oest control and minimize adverse damage to human
health.and the environment. The research effort will reduce uncertainties in
regulatory decisions and will improve the quality of .exposure, hazard, and risk
assessments.
Pro a ram Imp rpveme nts Conti mie
In 1984, the Agency will continue to reap the benefits of regulatory reforms
initiated in 1982. These include: maintenance of backlogs at or near zero in the
registration, special registration and tolerance programs; the reduction of time
and effort required to review registration applications, special registration re-
quests, and tolerance petitions; and Improvement in both the quality of science
used in reviews and in the efficiency of these reviews to achieve sound and timely
scientific judgments on FIFRA issues. This will result in reduced costs for both
the Agency and the industry.
In addition to fees already collected for tolerance setting, EPA will seek
to assess fees for direct Agency services provided to registrants in registering
pesticides. This would cover registration activities on new chemicals, new bio-
rational s, old chemicals, amended registrations and experimental use permits.
These fees could go directly to the U.S. Treasury and consequently would have no
impact on EPA budget needs.
Exempting selected types of pesticide products or chemicals from the full
anplication of FIFRA regulations will be emphasized, wherever possible, on the
basis of adequate public health protection. Examples include minor use and rela-
tively safe pesticides.
An improved working relationship with the industry will be maintained through
increased consultation with registrants and applicants during the review processes,
early screening of data to identify problems for timely resolution, greater effort
to achieve negotiated settlements rather than the use of rigid administrative ap-
proaches with respect to pesticides suspected of posing unreasonable risks, and
closer industry involvement in the development of registration standards guidance
packages. These actions will cut time and costs to EPA and producers.
In the establishment of registration standards, early review of pesticides
characterized by high volume production, high exposure, and high potential hazard
will be ensured through continued use of the clustering and ranking strategy.
Streamlined review processes will be maintained to obtain: (1) strict adher-
ence to statutory and administrative deadlines; (2) improved monitoring of decision
processes; (3) more efficient reviews of clusters of chemicals with similar uses;
(4) elimination of non-essential reviews; (5) reduced scope and increased selecti-
vity of literature searches; (6) greater use of high quality reviews made by other
United .States and foreign oroanizations; and, (7) revised criteria for triggering
special reviews to reflect likely risk more closely.
p_4
-------
PESTICIDES
Program Activities
Actual
1982
Registration standards
guidance packages
established ,. 18
Special Review
{formerly RPAR)
decisions.. 16
Laboratory data audits... 13
New chemical and biora-
tional reviews 221
Old chemical reviews.... 11,993
Amended registration
reviews !/ 23,727
New use reviews....
Emergency exemption
revi ews 752
Experimental use permit
revi ews 499
24(c) State registration
reviews. 1,656
Temporary tolerance
petitions.. 167
5(f) State experimental use
permit reviews
Tolerance petition reviews.. 599
Inert ingredient
request reviews. 58
Producer establishment
inspections -....!' 2,604
Use/reentry and
experimental use
observations ...*/ 14,264
Market place inspections..$/ 16,091
Import inspections *./ 489
State applicator license
and record inspections.. 14,005
State dealer record
inspections, 11,967
Federal laboratory
inspections.. 1.3
Budget
Estimate
1983
15
6
18
130
6,000
18,000
400
490
1,100
140
400
35
2,285
9,221
6,326
80
9,530
6,049
40
Current
Estimate
1983
22
13
18
Estimate
1984
35
10
18
250 250
8.500!/ 8..5001/
20.3001/ 20,300V
150l/
770
475
1,100
175
100
640
50
2,863
11,538
7,915
80
11,912
7,561
40
770
475
1,100
175
100
640
50
2,360
9,344
6,402
80
9,530
6,049
40
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
+ 13
- 503
-2,194
-1,513
-2,382
-1,512
I/ 1983 and 1984 outputs, compared with 1982 outputs, reflect a reduction in the
~ average number of reviews per chemical and the elimination of the backlog.
2f Amended registration reviews include amendments to current pesticide labels,
administrative amendments, and supplemental registrations.
37 Included in earlier years under Old Chemical Reviews and Amended Registration
Reviews.
4/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities.
P-5
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
I
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH « DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research . P-7
P-6
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Salaries I Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems 4
Qual ity Assurance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
Pesticides Research 'TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Processes
$313. 6
$9.9
$323.5
$59.7
$59,7
$519.2
$51.2
$570.4
$1,691.5
$308.0
$1,999.5
$2,293.0
$1,865.6
$4,158.6
$4,877.0
$2,234.7
$7,111.7
5.6
6.6
28.0
45.6
$264.0
$15.5
$279.5 '
$21.2
$21.2
$484.5
$235.0
$719.5
$1,260.0
$1,240.9
$2,500.9"
$2,330.9
$616.8
$2,947.7
$4,360.6
$2,108.2
$6,468.8
4.5
6.0
17.0
44.2
$337.1
$15.5
$352.6
$484.5
$235.0
$719.5
$1,260.0
$1,240.9
$2,500.9
$2,330.9
$616.8
$2,947.7
$4,412.5
$2,108.2
$6,520.7
6.7
6.0
17.0
4.3,8
$382.9
$27.5
$410.4
$470.9
$408 .0
$878.9
$1,389.0
$1,049.3
$2,438.3
$2,146.8
$188.2
$2,335.0
$4,389.6
$1,673.0
$6,062.6
6.7
7.0
18.7
38.3
$45.8
$12.0
$57 .8
-$13.6
$173.0
$159.4
$129.0
-$191.6
-$62.6
-$184.1
-$428. 6
-$612.7
-$22.9
-$435.2
-$458.1
1.0
1.7
-5.5
4 Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
85.8
71.7
73.5
70.7
-2.8
P-7
-------
« Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Processes
(DOLLARS U
8.5
1.6
7.7
36.1
62.8
i THOUSANDS)
5.5 7.7 7.7
7.1 7.1 8.1 1.0
29.2 29.2 31.2 2.0
61.5 61.1 55.3 -5.8
116.7
103.3
105.1
102.3
-2.8
P-8
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Milestones 1982 1983 1984
Define the Environmental and Health
Endpoints of Pesticides to Determine
Possible Future Test Method Development
- Report on viral effects on immune 9/83 9/84 9/84
responses in mammalian cells (Health)
Develop and Validate Test Methods
That Identify Health and Environ-
mental Effects of Pesticides for
the FIFRA Registration and Enforce-
ment Programs
- Report on improved and validated 10/85 10/85
methodology for measurement of
human exposure (Health)
- Report on biological control 9/82 12/85 12/85
agent testing procedures
(Env. Processes)
- Report on field studies to assess 9/84 9/84
pesticide effects on wildlife
(Env, Processes)
Develop Methodologies That Improve
the Agency's Risk Assessment
Capability under FIFRA
- Report on pesticide accumulation 11/84 11/84
by selected aquatic animals in
the field (Env. Processes)
Develop and Validate Techniques That
Assess Human and Environmental
Exposure to Pesticides for FIFRA
Registration and Enforcement Program
- Final report on acute toxicity 9/83
of 14 granular pesticides to
avian species (Env. Processes)
Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in
Support of FIFRA Decision-Making
- Provide human health related risk 9/82 9/83 9/84
assessments (Scientific Assessment)
P-9
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1.982 1983 1984
Provide Quality Assurance Assistance
and Support for the Pesticides Reposi-
tory Program, Regional /State Labora-
tories and other FIFRA Activities
- Provide high purity chemicals 9/82 9/83 9/84
and comparison samples
(Monitoring 5
- Report on the effects 6/84 6/84 6/84
of toxic exposure during selected
critical development periods on
sexual dimorphisms (Health)
P-10
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
The Agency requests a total of $6,062,600 and 70.7 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $458,100 and of 2,8 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total is 54,389,600 for Salaries and Expenses and $1,573,000 for Research
and Development, with decreases of 522,900 and $435,200, respectively. The decrease
primarily occurs in the environmental processes and effects program element. In
addition:, the decrease reflects the transfer of $280,000 in exploratory research
funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Description
The Envionniental Protection Agency is required by the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the .Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act
(FFDCA) to regulate the use of pesticides in a manner which will not result in
unreasonable adverse effects to the public health and to the environment. The
pesticides research focuses on increasing our understanding of how pesticides
interact with man's activities and the environment, to assure that their use can
minimize damage from pests, while maximizing the protection of man's food and fiber
and the environment from unreasonable adverse effects. An understanding of pesti-
cides effects and their proper usage will lead to less burdensome and more cost
effective regulations.
Objective^ 1 . Define the Environmental and Heal th Endpoints of Pesticides
to Determine Possible Future Test Method Development^' Tne1 purpose of this 'oSjective
is to iden'ti'fy' tftV'JtoiTc'efTeVti"W'''pVstfcTd₯s~wi'th which the Agency should concern
itself. The current approach of this research is two-fold: (1) to determine if
there are toxic effects (i.e., endpoints) that we should be concerned about that
occur as a result of the use of biological pesticides; and (2) to examine how
pesticides affect children, as developing organisms, differently from adults.
Once the appropriate effects of concern are identified in these areas, research
results can be utilized to determine likely candidates for test method development.
Objective 2. Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify Health and
Environmental Effects of J^sticiQ'es for the FIFRA ^ Registration and Enforcement
frrograitis. This 'research "effort ............ will supply ' ;ivaTi dated 'environmental and health
assay methods for use by industry. Research under this objective is needed to
develop valid test protocols to meet pesticide registration requirements and en-
forcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objective 3. Develop and Validate Techniques That Assess Human and Environ-
mentaT~Exposure to' Pesticides for the FIFRA Regi strati oh and Enforcement Progranu
Health research will find a suitable animal model and conduct related field studies
for developing exposure data to be .used for setting field re-entry standards for
susceptible populations. This research will help determine the conditions under
which the young, elderly, pregnant, and. malnourished may be more susceptible to
toxicant exposure than the general population, and will enable the Office of Pesti-
cide Programs to set re-entry intervals to protect susceptible populations for
certain classes of pesticides on treated fields and premises. In the environmental
area, research develops field validated exposure assessment models to define the
concentration of pesticides for use by OPP in anticipating pesticide impacts in
populations. These models simplify the data gathering requirements imposed on
industry in order to register pesticides.
p-n
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Objective 4. Peyelop Hethodologles That^ Impj-ovejthe Agency's Ri'5_k Asse_ssftient
Capabi1 i ty Under FiKRA. f hi s activity developsarid"validates 7ie5 or improves
envi ronmental and public health risk assessment methods. The risk assessments
methods represent an improved capability for the Office of Pesticide Programs
(OPP) to analyze and aggregate the data submitted by the pesticide industry to
determine the risks and benefits resulting from pesticide usage- This research is
essential for reviewing and evaluating data to determine whether a pesticide can
be used without reasonable adverse risk to public health and the environment,
pursuant to Sections 3, 4, 5, and 24 of FIFRA.
Objective5. ConductandReview Risk Assessmentsin Supportof FIFRA
Dec1siW_Majlng.This research prepares human health related rt$K assessments
for carcinogenic, mutagenic, and/or reproductive effects of candidate pesticide
products. This work will assist in identifying research priorities and in designing
research initiatives to support data and methodological needs that become apparent
as a result of the conduct of the risk assessment program. The guidelines proposed
in 1981 for assessment of mutagenic risk will also be revised, taking into account
public comments. The cancer guidelines will be updated to consider mutagenicity
for selecting appropriate models for cancer risk evaluations and work will be
initiated to develop guidelines for reproductive effects, including teratogenid" ty
and male and female infertility.
Objective 6. Provide Quality Assurance Assistance and Support for the
Pesticjdes_~ygepo^ftbry Program, Regional/State laboratories, ancl Other FIFRA
ActivttfieT! The activity' maintains a repository of high purity chemicals tfiat"
serves as standards for internal quality control to ensure that data in support of
pesticides registration is accurate, precise and reliable. In addition, the
program provides quality assurance support to the Office of Pesticide Programs
contract laboratories in their analytical efforts. The latter task is to provide
specific quality control chemicals and unknown samples to laboratories for the
purpose of ensuring that their analyses are conducted and reported at the required
level of precision and accuracy.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 3410,400 and 6.7 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 5382,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and 327,500 is for Research
and Development. This reflects increases of 545,800 and 312,000, respectively,
which will enhance support required to prepare health risk assessments needed by
the Office of Pesticide Programs.
Conduct and ReviewRiskAssessments In Support of^ FIFRApecision-Haking
Responsibilities. Tn 1964, fRe Sciehtifie 'AssessmenT Wo'gram will provide the
following outputs for use by the Office of Pesticide Programs: cardnogenicity
and mutagenicity risk assessments; adverse reproductive effects risk assessments;
and exposure assessments. The Scientific Assessment program will review and then
defend these assessments before the Agency's Science Advisory Panel and in legal
proceedings. The program will also revise and update risk assessment guidelines.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $352,600 and 6.7 workyears to
this program, of which $337,100 1s under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation-and
$15,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Conduct andReviewRisk Assessments In Support of FIFRA Decision-Making.
In 1983, the program will continue to provide healthi ami 'risk assessments for car-
cinogenicity, mutagenicity and adverse reproductive effects of those chemicals
identified by the Office of Pesticide Programs. Exposure assessment guidelines
will be completed. Assessments will be defended before the Agency's Science Advi-
sory Panel.
P-12
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1983 ExpJanation of Changes from Bjjd_get_Estiniate_
The net increase of +573,100 results from the following action:
-Congressiona 1 Action. (+573,100) This increase includes +573,100 .of the
$10.5 mi 11ioni".Salaries' and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accpmplishments
In 1982. the Agency obligated a total of 5323,500 for this program, of which
5313,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,900 was for extra-
mural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in .Support of flFRA^Decision-Making. In
1982 accompl ishments Included the preparation of heal th documents'on Irhdane, i n-
organic arsenic, ethylene dlbromide, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride for
mutagenic and carcinogenic risk assessments; review of documents on estimating
pesticide exposure from air blast application; development of draft guidelines
for the preparation of exposure assessments; and a handbook for performing exposure
assessments.
TECHNICALINFORMATIONAND LIAISON
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 559,700 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This activity, which
supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Intermedia
program -in 1983. Thus, the Progj-am De;sc_rjp ti on, 198j Program^ Re..quest., 1983
Program and 1982 Accomplishments narrative sections appear there. '
MONITORING SYSTEMS ANDI OUAIITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5878,900 and 7.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $470,900 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5408,000 is for Re-
search and Development. This reflects .a decrease of 513,600 and an increase of
5173,000, respectively. This net increase represents an expanded custom synthesis
effort to provide pesticide chemicals no longer commercially available from any
source in the United States. These chemicals are required for sensitive and con-
firmatory analyses of pesticide content in soil, plant and animal tissues.
Provide Qual i ty Assurance ^Assistance and Support for the Pesticide Reposi'tory
Program, "RegTonal/State Labgrato'rTes and Other FIFRA Activities^This program
tnaintains the .Pesticide Repository of nigh purity cnemicais whicn are used by over
1,400 laboratories in the United States and foreign countries. These are used as
standard analytical reference samples for internal quality control to ensure that
test data is accurate, precise and reproducible. In addition, interlaboratory
comparison samples are prepared and used to assist contractor laboratories of the
Office of Pesticide Programs in their analytical' efforts. An expanded synthesis
program will be initiated to prepare various chemicals which were once produced in
the United States, which are no longer produced, but which are still regulated by
the Environmental Protection Agency and other Federal agencies such as the Depart-
ment of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration. For example, DDT'and
its degradation products are Often found in small amounts in soils or animal or
plant tissue. Without authentic reference samples for comparison, it is difficult
or even impossible to perform analyses of the required degree of accuracy.
P-13
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $719,500 and 6.0 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $484,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $235,000 for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Provide Duality Assurance Assistance and .Support for the Pesticide Repository
Program, Regional /State ^Laboratories an<[ Other FiFRA Activities^. !7i 1983, this
program will mairitaTn the Pesticide qua Hty assurance activTties in support of the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) registration and en-
forcement. The funds will be used to support the pesticide repository which
distributes standard analytical reference samples to Environmental Protection
Agency and other Federal laboratories as well as State, local, .university and
industrial laboratories. The major activity of the repository is the distribution
of over 28,000 samples to over 1,400 laboratories. These chemicals are used for
internal .quality control purposes to ensure that their data are accurate, precise
and reproducible. In addition, interlaboratory comparison samples are prepared
and distributed to the Office of Pesticide Program's contract laboratories for use
in their .analytical work.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There were no changes to this program.
1982 Ace ompl f sjinients
In 1982, the Agency obligated .a total of $570,400 for this program, of which
5519,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 551,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Provide Quality Assurance Assistance and Support for^jthe^Pesticides Repository
Program, gegionaI/State Laboratories and pfhern^deraITJhsectfcide ,'^ungicide,'" jj/Td
FTF8A""Al:tTvi ties. During I9K7 tn'Ts program continueo11'quality'assurance activities
in support of FIFRA regulatory decisions and enforcement. A major part of this
effort was the maintenance of the pesticide repository of chemicals which are
materials used by over 1,400 EPA, other Federal, State, local, university and
industrial laboratories.
HEAUH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,438,300 and 18.7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 51,389,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and SI,049,300 is
for Research and Development. This reflects an increase of 5129,000 and a decrease
of 5191,600, respectively. The increase will expand the in-house capability to
develop methods to extrapolate data from animal test systems to humans. The de-
crease in extramural funds results from a reduction In methods development research
and the shift in emphasis to validation of these methods and a transfer of explora-
tory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Define the Environmental .and Health Endpoints of Pesticides That Determine
Possible FutureTest Method Developroent.This work will continue to define the
critical pubTichealth effects pertaining to biological pesticides. Accordingly,
we will provide data on the immune!ogical effects of biological pesticides on
mammal 1,an cells. Additionally, although human health effects are generally well
defined for adults, more research is needed for developing effects information for
children. This work is required to safeguard public health under Sections 3, 4,
5 and 24 of FIFRA.
P-14
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Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify Health and Environmental Ef-
fects of Pesticides for FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Programs. This research
effo-rt wTI 1 Continue to supply validated health assay methods for industry to use
to produce a reliable data base that OPP can use to estimate the risk to humans.
We will develop seven additional test methods in the areas of reproduction/tera-
tology, mutagenesis/ carcinogenicity (genotoxic effects) and neurotoxicology. Re-
search under this objective is needed to develop validated test protocols to meet
pesticide registration requirements and enforcement responsibilities under Sections
3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Develop Methodologies That Improve the Agency's Risk Assessment CapabU i ties
Under FIFRA. The 1984 program will" improve ^methods that assess exposure of children
to pesticides that have been applied in fields. He will also provide models for
evaluating human risks to pesticides on the basis of laboratory studies; one model
will extrapolate animal data to children.
Provide Quality Assurance Assistance and Support for the Pesticides Repository
Program, Regional/State Laboratories and Other FIFRA Activities. A computerized
data management and analysis system for mutageriic/carci nogenic testi ng of pesti-
cides will continue to be developed. Development of such a data base will permit
the timely evaluation of developmental test systems for the detection and confirma-
tion of potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity by making appropriate correla-
tions and statistical analyses. These data will identify chemicals which are
structurally similar to a known chemical, thereby providing reliable toxicology
data.
198 1 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,500,900 and 17.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,260,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,240,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Define the Env1 ronmental and Heal tn Endpoints of Pestici des That Deternnne
Possible Future ..... Test" Method Devel opiefit, This wo rk wi 1 ) def i ne the c ri tic a 1 p ub T i c
health effects pertaining to biological pesticides. Also, human health endpoints
are currently generally well defined for adults, but additional work is needed for
developing endpoints for children. This work is required to safeguard public
health under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 24 of FIFRA.
Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify Health and Environmental Ef-
fects of Pesticides for _the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Programs:. This
research Wi'a-r't "wTl TTtfO rk on vaTi da tea heal th assay methods in the areas of repro-
duction /teratology, mutagenesis/carcinogenesis {genotoxic effects) and neurotoxi-
cology for industry to use to produce a reliable data base that OPP can use to
estimate the risk to humans.
Deyelop Hethodol ogies That Improve the Agency ' s Risk Assessment -
U nder"Tr FRA.' Re sea rch i s con t i n u i ng o n me thods that improve the Agency ' s ab i 1 Tty to"
assess human exposure to pesticides. Research also continues to work on models to
extrapolate animal data to humans.
Provide Quality Assurance Assistance; and Support for the Pesticide Repository
P rogram , Regi ona 1 /sta te Labora torTes and Other FIFRA, ,Ac tl yi t1 es" A computerized
data managemeht and^analysis system for mutagenic/carci nogenic testing of pesticides
will be developed. Development of such a data base will permit the timely evalya-
tion of developmental test systems for the detection and confirmation of potential
carcinogenicity and mutagenicity by making appropriate correlations and statistical
analyses.
P-15
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There are no changes to this program.
1982 Accomplisjments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 31,999,500 for this program, of which
51,691,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5308,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Yalidate Test Methods That Identify Healtha_ncI Environmental
Effects of Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration amf Enforcement Program. Research
Support" is prov^Seci'Wthe Office of Pesticide Programs and the ReglonS^in develop-
ing and validating improved test protocols for inclusion in the pesticide guidelines
and in developing procedures for extrapolating from animal data to human effects.
Develop MethodologiesThatImprovethe Agency's Risk Assessment Capability
Under FIFRA. Research worked on methods to improve the Agency's abi1ity to assess
huro₯n exposure to pesticides. Research also worked on models to extrapolate animal
data to humans,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of 32,335,000 and 38.3 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 32,146,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $188,200 for
Research and Development, This reflects a decrease of $184,100 and 5428,600,
respectively, which results from an overall program consolidation; a reduction in
toxicity testing and test method development to reflect the completion of some
projects and the shift to validation of these methods and a transfer of long-term
exploratory research resources to the Intermedia program.
Develop j ndVal i da te Test Methods That Iden ti fy Heal th and Envlronmental
Efffictli""'":!^f' |^ This
research willdevelopandvalidate predictivetechniques toestimate effects of
biological control agents and chemical pesticides on biota in aquatic and terres-
trial environments. It includes ecosystem effects, ecological functions and
related processes and .behavioral aspects of non-target organisms within ecosystems.
Environmental effects findings will be validated within the context of mathematical
model development utilizing field work where necessary.
DevelopMethodolpjfes That Improvethe Agency's RiskAssessment CapabilIty
Under FIFRA. This "activity will'continue "to 'develop andrvalidate new or improved en-
vironmental risk assessment methods for organisms. Methodologies will be developed
to perform environmental risk assessments by integrating exposure and effects
information and utilizing data from: (!) identified hazards in critical ecosystems
hazards; (2) validated fate, exposure, and effects models; (3) existing methodology
for quantifying risks; and (4) other valid information. This research will supply
basic mechanisms upon which predictive risk assessments can be established.
Programmatic emphasis will be upon use of terrestrial and aquatic field validated
data derived from laboratory work, with the data utilized in appropriate mathematical
models. The Pesticide Environmental Exposure Assessment Team (PEEAT) will provide
technical support in the interpretation and conduct of assessments.
Develop and Validate'Techniques tha^ Assess Human and Environmental Expp|ure
to Pe sticrdes for' the FIFRA^^egTsTra^qn and jnf orcement Program. TFi research in
tlii s~6h j ee fi ve wi 11 c o 'fill n u e tode vel op a nd va 1 i da te ma them!tleal and other predic-
tive or descriptive techniques to estimate adverse pesticide exposure in aquatic
{freshwater and marine) and terrestrial environments. Such determinations will
Include pesticide distribution and exposure levels in ecosystems and in such physi-
cal habitats as soil and sediment chemical conditions and sorption kinetics.
Studies will also include the field validation of exposure models.
P-16
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Pesticide concentrations, environmental placements, and duration of exposure
to biota contribute incrementally to the environmental change and assessment,
Validation of such field exposure levels provides crucial information for regula-
tory hazard and risk assessment processes.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,947,700 .and 43.8 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $2,330,900 is under Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $616,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation,
Develop and. Validate Test Methods That Identify Health and_E_nv1rohmenta1
Effects of7 Pesticides'-' forthe ' FTFft'' ftegi strati on and Enforcement Programs.
laboratory and field vali da tion research wi 11 be conducted to assess the hazards/
effects of pesticides on organisms. The research will supply mathematical methods
to identify sensitive ecosystem stress points, laboratory toxicity testing as re-
quired, organism culturing and bioassay method improvements, studies on biological
control agents, and field validation studies in natural sites where pesticide
problems may be most prevalent.
Develop Methodologies That Improve the Agency's Risk Assessment Capability
Under FIFRA.Methodologies wi 11 be improved to perform predictive .environmental
risk assessments and to provide direct research support for exposure assessments in
response to the regulatory office needs. This research will integrate pesticide
fate, exposure, and effects information of pesticide impacts utilizing (1) labora-
tory research data, (2) existing or new methodology for quantifying risks and
(3) information from validated fate and effect models. Research under this program
will progress to field applicability testing for single and multimedia pesticide
exposure assessment models and concurrent development, application and evaluation
of these methods for use in risk assessments.
Develop and Validate Techniques That AssessHumanand Environmental Exposure
to Pe s ti c ides for the FIFRA Registrati on and Enforcement Program. Predictive
technique's are being developed, Improved and vatidatedthrough field studies to
estimate the transport, exposure and fate of pesticides in the marine, freshwater
and terrestrial environments. This includes determining pesticide distribution in
ecosystems, mass conversion and movement, interrelationships in ecological func-
tions and processes and physical parameters which affect the fate process.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There are no changes to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $4,158,500 for this program of which
$2,293,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,865,600 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify Health and Environmental
Effects of Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Program.
laboratory research addressed the application of methodsand techniques usea in
defining the role of pesticides effects on non-target single species and selected
populations under controlled conditions for several priority biocides including
biological control agents.
DevelopHethodolpgies That Improve.the Agency's Risk Assessment Capability
Under'TlFRA."Research was conducted to develop pesticide exposure data and prldTc-
tive mathematical models that could be applied by the regulatory office in conduct-
ing risk assessments.
P-17
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Develop .and Validate Techniques That Assess Human and Environmental Exposure
to Pestlcities Tor the FlfM Registration andTnforcenientProgram'Researchempha-
sis focusedOnthegeneration ofexposureestimateso?pesticide levels which
estuarine/martne, freshwater and terrestrial organisms and ecological processes way
experience. Additionally, two media and multimedia exposure models were assembled
or expanded incorporating the research exposure estimates or information from
previously existing data bases. These investigations considered such factors as
transport, fate, sorption, degradation and biomagnification and the physical/
chemical properties of the pesticides and the systems under study. Pertinent
information was transferred to the regulatory user community.
P-18
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances. P-20
Registration... , P-22
Special Registration P-24
Tolerances P-25
Generic Chemical Review & Special Reviews - EIS Preparation.. P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-29
Special Reviews - EIS Preparation............ P-31
Federal 4 State Program Support...... ' P-33
Pesticides Use Management - *........ *....,.. P-34
P-19
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration 4 Tolerances
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration
Salaries & Expenses
Special Registration
Salaries 4 Expenses
Tolerances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
Registration, Special TOTAL
Registration &
Tolerances
$8,242.5 $7,224.6 $7,464.6 $8,916.3 $1,451.7
$8,242.5 $7,224.6 $7,464.6 $8,916.3 $1,451.7
$1,948.7 $2,227.7 $2,327.7 $2,569.4 $241.7
$1,948.7 $2,227.7 $2,327.7 $2,569.4 $241.7
$2,086.0 $2,390.2 $2,440.2 $2,713.4 $273.2
$2,086.0 $2,390.2 $2,440.2 $2,713.4 $273.2
$12,277.2 $11,842.5 $12,232.5 $14,199.1 $1,966.6
$12,277.2 $11,842.5 $12,232.5 $14,199.1 $1,966.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
202.7
47.6
81.1
331;4
183.5
57.8
62.4
303.7
183.5
57.8
62.4
303.7
183.5
57.8
62.4
303.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
213.7
50.9
82.4
347.0
203 .0
63.5
74.1
340.6
203.0
63.5
74.1
340.6
203.0
63.5
74.1
340.6
P-20
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PESTICIDES
\
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,199,100 all of which is in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 303.7 permanent workyears. This request represents an
increase of SI,966,600 and no change in permanent workyears.
Program Description
The goal of these activities is to facilitate a steady flow Of environmentally
safe products to the marketplace. The Agency evaluates all pesticides under a "no
unreasonable adverse effects" standard, taking into account the economic, social,
and environmental risks and benefits of the use of any pesticide.
Registration F1FRA Section 3 requires that a pesticide be registered by
EPA before it can legally be sold, distributed, or made available for use. Under
the registration program, new pesticide products are registered and current regis-
trations are amended to add uses and/or new formulations. This registration is
accomplished by: (1) reviewing formulation and use information and supporting data
to ensure that the use of the products will not result 1n "unreasonable adverse
effects" to man or the environment taking into account the economic, social, and
environmental risks and benefits of the use of any pesticide; (2) ensuring that
public health products (e.g., hospital disinfectants) are effective for their
proposed uses; (3) limiting the risks associated with use through label precau-
tions, special packaging- requirements, application direction and, where necessary,
restriction of use to trained applicators; and (4) providing incentives, such as
expediting reviews, for environmentally preferable pesticides (those which pose a
low level of environmental concern). These include products such as biorational
pesticides and pesticides which provide safer alternatives to cancelled products.
Special Registration The special registration program performs an auxiliary
function to the registration process and contributes to agricultural production
and public health by: (1) issuing experimental use permits allowing experi-
mentation with nonregistered products or uses to develop data needed for registra-
tion; (2) approving temporary tolerances establishing safe pesticide residue
(tolerance) levels for food or feed use crops to be marketed following the applica-
tion of experimental use pesticides; (3) granting emergency exemptions permit-
ting the use of unregistered pesticides or the use of registered pesticides for
sites and pests not included in their registration to meet pest emergencies when
the benefits of such use exceed the risk; (4) reviewing State registrations of
pesticides distributed and used only within the registering State for special
local needs, to determine if proper tolerances have been established and if the
chemicals involved have not been suspended or cancelled; and, (5) reviewing State
Experimental Use Permit plans and permits accessary to develop data for State
special local need registrations. These functions are required by Sections 5, 18,
and 24 of FIFRA and Section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
Tolerances -- The tolerance program protects the public health while giving
appropriate consideration to the production of an adequate, wholesome, and economi-
cal food supply. This is achieved through the following actions: (1) ensuring
that the maximum residue levels likely to be found in foods are safe for human con-
sumption through a careful review and evaluation of residue chemistry and toxico-
logy data; (2) subsequently, establishing tolerance levels for both active and
inert ingredients, or exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance, for pesticide
residues in or on raw agriculture commodities and processed foods, including
establishing tolerance levels for import commodities and rotational crops and
responding to minor use petitions and Federal,- State and local government peti-
tions; and, (3) ensuring through the testing of analytical methods that adequate
enforcement of the established tolerance can be achieved. Authorizing legislation
1s contained in the FFDCA, as amended, Sections 402, 406, 408, and 409.
P-21
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REGISTRATION
1984Program Request
The Aqency requests a total of 58,916,300, all of which is in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and 183.5 permanent workyears. This amount represents
no change in workyears and an increase of $1,451,700 to fully fund personnel com-
pensation in addition to increases in other expenses.
In 1984, the Aqency expects to conduct 250 reviews of new chemicals and bio-
rationals, 8,500 reviews of old chemicals, 20,300 amended registration reviews,
and 150 new use reviews. New use reviews, formerly found in old chemical reviews
and amended registration reviews, will now be tracked separately since they are
labor intensive units regardless of whether they are conducted as a part of a new
product review or for an amendment to a previously registered product. Also, new
uses are of much greater concern, economically and environmentally, than are
routine new products containing old chemicals and amendments.
Priority, through reduced data requirements and rapid review, will continue
to be given to environmentally protective pesticides and alternatives to pesticides
which have been cancelled or which pose serious threats to the environment. Pro-
cess efficiencies will .continue to be evaluated and introduced, when appropriate,
to reduce processing time and registration costs for both the Agency and industry.
Long term regulatory reform projects, which will be explored in 1983-84
include: general registration, which applies to products whose toxicology and use
patterns are well understood and of Tittle concern, permitting registrant self
certification of compliance with the appropriate Registration Standard; provisional
registration; expanded use of Section 25(b) exemption for pesticides which are
found to be practically safe or regulated by other Agencies--additional candidates
will be identified and policies for granting full or conditional exemptions will
be articulated; and, fulfilling Executive Order 12291 through the review of exist-
ing regulations.
The Agency will employ cost-benefit studies and economic impact analyses to
ensure that regulations issued under FIFRA and FFDCA will result in minimal adverse
inpacts on the economy and the pestici.de industry. In addition, the Agency will
continue to improve communication to applicants to enhance the quality of submis-
sions and will continue to emphasize timely Informal meetings with applicants to
discuss problems encountered during review in order to speed resolution. Admin-
istratively determined processing time limits for registration actions will be met
for at least 90% of the actions. Backlogs will be maintained at or near zero for
new chemical and biorational registrations and will be minimized for old chemical
and amended registration reviews as demand permits.
The Agency will develop and implement a systematic approach to identifying
the level of regulation appropriate for classes of pesticides, e.g., chemical
families and use situations. As provided by FIFRA Section 2S(b), pesticides which
are reviewed and found to be practically safe or adequately regulated by another
Agency will be exempted from regulation. Work will continue on farm safety with
particular emphasis on reentry problems and impacts of agricultural use on human
health. This program will focus on educating farm workers, growers, and applica-
tors about pesticide hazards, and involving them in efforts to mitigate those
hazards. Cooperative agreements, interagency agreements (.Department of Labor,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, etc.), and contracts, funded through the Generic
Chemical Review program element, will be implemented to promote safe pesticide use
practices among various exposure and user groups, including city dwellers moving
into agricultural areas.
P-22
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The Agency will seek to assess charges to the applicants for certain regis-
tration and supporting services provided by EPA. These funds could go directly
to the U.S. Treasury and consequently would have no impact on budget authority
or appropriation needs of the pesticides program.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,464,600, all of which is in
the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, and 183.5 permanent workyears. Priority
will continue to be given to reducing backlogs to as close to zero as possible by
the end of 1983, commensurate with the level of external demand, and to improving
response times for processing applications.
The Agency expects to conduct 250 reviews of new chemicals and biorationals,
8,500 reviews of registrations for new products containing old chemicals identical
or similar to others already registered, and 20,300 amended registration reviews.
As part of the program's regulatory reform efforts, existing regulations
(registration, reregistration and classification procedures; disposal and storage
guidelines; and the Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PNA) policy statement) will
be reviewed and revised, as necessary. Conditional registration and compensation
regulations will be proposed again for notice and comment and, ultimately, publish-
ed as final rules. The Label Improvement and Farm Safety Programs and use of data
and reviews of other organizations and countries will be continued on a priority
basis. Ground water contamination will be given added emphasis. Long term regula-
tory reform efforts, identified previously, will be evaluated for possible imple-
mentation.
The Agency will complete proposals seeking to assess fees or other charges to
support pesticide registrations.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$240,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramm1 n| s .^ (+5240,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several"'repragrammihg's were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5240,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 58,242,500, all of which was in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
In response to the Vice President's Task Force on Regulatory Reform, the
Agency completed testing guidelines for publication during 1983 by the National
Technical Information Services, better articulated data requirements, revised
application procedures, and held more frequent pre-application conferences with
registrants. As a result, the Agency increased the quality of data submission in
support of registration applications, and thereby, reduced the number of industry
resubmissions and improved the timeliriess and consistency of Agency actions.
New regulatory reform initiatives, which were implemented, included exemption of
some classes of pesticides (such as pheromones used in insect traps) from regula-
tion under Section 25(b) of FIFRA, extension of efficacy data waivers, approvalof
registrations based on draft labels in lieu of final labels, eliroination of pre-
market review of distributor (supplemental) applications, and provision of a
broader approach to determining packaging effectiveness for products requiring
child-resistant packaging.
Consistent with Congressional intent and OMB direction, EPA conducted a
study in 1982 of alternative funding mechanisms for support of the activities of
this program.
P-23
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In 1982, the Agency conducted 221 reviews of new chemicals and new bio-
rational s, 11,993 reviews of registrations for new products that contain old
chemicals identical or substantially similar to others already registered, and
23,727 amended registration reviews.
Outputs for 1982 exceeded the Agency's original expectations due to a major
effort directed to backlog reduction. The Agency reduced backlogs of new chemical
reviews by 92", old chemical reviews .by 97%., and amended registration reviews by
97%.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,569,400,'all of which is in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and 57.8 permanent workyears. This is an increase
of $241,700 to fully fund personnel compensation and benefits. Workyears do not
change from 1983.
In 1984j efficiencies in the Special Registration process, featuring a more
direct working relationship with pesticide registrants and the States, will con-
tinue to be employed to reduce processing times and costs. Statutory processing
times for experimental use permits (120 days) to allow data development in support
of future registrations, and for the review of State section 24(c) registrations
(90 days) which permit the use of oesticides for special local needs within indi-
vidual state.s, will be met for the most part. Decisions on FIFRA Section 18 emer-
gency exemption requests to allow unregistered uses to meet needs arising frora
acute and critical pest outbreaks, will generally be reached prior to the requested
implementation time (in any event within a target processing time of 50 days), and
backlogs will be maintained at or near zero. The Agency will support increased
State responsibilities for the issuance of experimental use permits to develop
data for special local needs registrations through reviews and approvals of State
experimental use permit plans and encouragement to registrants to seek State
experimental use permits when testing in only one State is required. The special
registration program should begin to benefit from additions to the chemical data
base resulting from chemical reviews conducted in the process of establishing
registration standards.
In 1984, the Agency expects to conduct 770 reviews for emergency exemptions,
475 reviews for experimental use permits, 100 State experimental use permit re-
views, 175 reviews for temporary tolerances, and 1,100 reviews of special local
need registrations.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of S2,327,700 all of which is in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and 57.8 permanent workyears. The Agency
will conduct a formal review of experimental use permit regulations and conclude
the review of emergency exemption regulations; backlogs are expected to be reduced
further. Consideration will be given to measures to reduce workload and processing
times such as accepting multi-year experimental use permit requests rather than
considering only repetitive, one year permits; reducing Federal oversight of State
registrations by accepting State certifications, as appropriate, and encouraging
the States to complete State experimental use permit plans under FIFRA Section 5(f)*.
All emergency exemption requests will be decided upon, whenever possible,
prior to the time their use is required. Statutory time limits for experimental
use permits, temporary tolerance petitions, and special local needs registrations
will be met. Existing backlogs will be maintained near zero.
In 1983, the Agency will conduct 770 reviews of emergency exemption requests,
475 reviews of experimental use permits, 100 State experimental use permit reviews,
175 reviews of temporary tolerances and 1,100 reviews of special local needs regis-
trations.
P-24
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1983 Expl anati on of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net Increase of +5100,000 results from the following action:
-Re^rogrammijigs A t+SlOO.OOO) During the development of the operating plan,
sever aT "re Tp rogr araiin n g 's were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramraing limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +3100,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Ace omp 1 < s hmen ts
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 51,948,700 for this program, all of
which was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
During 1982, major emphasis was placed on improving response times, adhering--
to statutory deadlines, eliminating backlogs, and reevaluating regulations. The
Agency began a formal review of emergency exemption regulations in 1982, Pursuant
to the initiatives of the Vice President's Task Force on Regulatory Reform, the
Agency met with the industry, State and association representatives to identify
their concerns and obtain recommendations for improving the program. Operating
improvements were introduced, including earlier screening of requests and appli-
cations to forestall data problems later on, improved processing procedures for
experimental use permits, focusing Agency attention on the critical health and
safety aspects of emergency exemptions (relying on States to assess pest problems
and evaluate available pesticides), and shortening of science review time. As a
result .of these improvements, statutory, deadlines for experimental use peraits
were met for 83? of the actions, and the existing backlog from 1981 was reduced
by 83%.
During 1982, the Agency conducted 752 reviews of emergency exemption requests,
499 reviews of experimental use permits, 167 reviews of temporary tolerance peti-
tions to permit the marketing of food products exposed to pesticides during experi-
mentation, and 1 ,656 reviews of State registrations.
TOLERANCES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,713,400, all of which is in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and 62.4 permanent workyears for this program. This amount
represents an increase of 5273,200, which is to fund personnel compensation and bene-
fits. Vlorkyears do not change from 1983.
Requested resources will permit an anticipated 640 tolerance petition reviews
and 50 reviews of inert ingredient requests. All possible tolerance petition reviews
will be completed within statutory time limits in the review process by employing
such methods as a fast track system when limited scientific review is required.
The Agency, after all attainable efficiencies are achieved in the process, will
consider whether Congressional legislation may be appropriate to extend statutory
processing deadlines for petitions. Tolerance oetitions now involve the review of
far more sophisticated data than was anticipated when the current time limit was
enacted into law. The backlog of overdue petitions will be kept low. Most of the
inert ingredient requests will be processed within 90 days. It is anticipated that
modifications to the system, proposed in 1982, such as crop grouping, will permit
processing for most minor use petitions to be completed within 90 days. This new
approach will reduce data requirements, save Agency resources, and broaden the appli-
cability of tolerances so that the States can issue "special local need" registra-
tions for minor uses.
P-25
-------
The Agency will continue to utilize the policy of reducing data requirements
for minor uses of pesticides. Tolerance fees charged will cover reasonable costs
of proc.ess.1nd applications, as authorized under Section 408 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The Agency will continue to waive fees when aporo-
priate to the public interest (Federal or State agency requests, important public
health uses, innovative pesticide chemicals, and chemicals and biorationals used
in integrated pest management).
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of SZ,440,200, all of which is in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and 62.4 permanent workyears to this program.
The Agency expects to conduct 640 tolerance petition reviews, and 50 reviews
of inert ingredient requests. The backlog of tolerance petitions will be reduced
but not totally eliminated by the end of the year. Most of the tolerance petitions
will be processed within statutory deadlines. Petitions without statutory time
limits will be completed on the same schedule as petitions with statutory reauire-
pients. Comments will be reviewed on policies proposed in 1982 for crop grouping
and food additive tolerance requirements. The Tolerance fee structure will be
revised to more fully cover the costs of the program.
1983 Explanati on of Changes from Budget jEstimate
The net increase of +S50.000 results from the following action:
-Reproqrammings. (+550,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several fepro.gramnrings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional "reprogramming limitations, These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$50,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompl i shiTients
In 1932, the Agency obligated a total of $2,086,000 for this program, all of
which was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Agency conducted 599 reviews of tolerance petitions and 58 reviews of inert
ingredient requests. To reduce the petition processing time, preregistration con-
ferences with applicants were implemented to identify and resolve possible issues
on petitions and a priority review system was established to assure that review
attention is allocated appropriately. The Agency utilized the policy of reducing
requirements for minor uses of pesticides and begap using crop tolerance groupings
of petitions which broaden the applicability of tolerances. The proposed rule to
expand the concept of crop grouping was published for comment in the Federal Register
in 1982. It is anticipated that farmers will benefit significantly fnxiPfhis'pro-
posed change in procedures.
The Agency also developed a proposed policy statement to eliminate food additive
tolerance requirements for pesticides applied to bodies of water; residues in drink-
ing water will be governed by the Safe Drinking Water Act rather than FFDCA. This
new policy was published for public comment in 1982 in the Federal Register. In
addition, measures for backlog reductions and turnaround time efforts were incorpo-
rated in employees' performance standards, thus assuring better management of the
process,
P-26
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review & Special Reviews - £IS Preparation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses $9,253.9 $7,965.0 $8,715.8 $750.8
Abatement Control & $12,725.5 $11,570.7 $10,570.7 -$1,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL ..$21,979.4 $19,535.7 $19,286.5 -$249.2
Registration Standards
Salaries & Expenses $3,689.9
Abatement Control * $4,180.1
Compliance
TOTAL $7,870.0
RPAR Reviews
Salaries 4 Expenses $4,470.9
Abatement Control & $7,390.6
Compliance
TOTAL $11,861.5
Special Reviews - E.IS
Preparation
Salaries 4 Expenses $97.9 $105.4 $105.4 $55.6 -$49.8
TOTAL $97.9 $105.4 $105.4 $55.6 -$49.8
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $9,351.8 $8,266.2 $8,070.4 $8,771.4 $701.0
Abatement Control j $12,725.5 $11,570.7 $11,570.7 $10,570.7 -$1,000.0
Compliance
Generic Chemical TOTAL $22,077.3 $19,836.9 $19,641.1 $19,342.1 -$299.0
Review & Special
Reviews - EIS Preparation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 218.1 185.9 185.9
Registration Standards 93.3
RPAR Reviews 92,6
Special Reviews-EIS 2.4 3.0 3.0 1.5 -1.5
Preparation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 220.5 138.9 188.9 187.4 -1.5
P-27
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review & Special Reviews - EIS Preparation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
Registration Standards
RPAR Reviews
Special Reviews-EIS
Preparation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
224.8
2.4
227.2
99.6
93.3
3.0
195.9
192.9
3.0
195.9
192.9
1.5
194.4
-1.5
-1.5
P-28
-------
PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review and Specia) Reviews - EIS Preparation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 519,342,100 and 187.4 permanent workyears
for 1984, a decrease of 5299,000 and 1.5 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total are 58,771,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $10,570,700 for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance, an increase of $701,000 and a decrease of $1,000,000
respectively, mainly in the Generic Chemical Review program.
Program 0e s c ri p t i on
Generic Chemical Review -- The Generic Chemical Review program (this new
program consoli dates resources from the previous Registration Standards and RPAR
Review Programs) consists of the Registration Standards and Special Review decision
processes. The goal of this program is to reregister currently registered pesti-
cides and to evaluate potentially hazardous pesticides. The Registration Standards
process was established to enable the Agency to meet efficiently the mandate in
Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to
reregister currently registered pesticides. The Special Review decision process
(formerly RPAR) evaluates pesticides which have an identified potential for produc-
ing significant adverse health or environmental effects.
The Generic Chemical Review program is designed to update the scientific data
base supporting registrations and establish scientifically based regulatory stan-
dards for the reregistration of existing pesticides and efficient registration
of new or amended products. The program also systematically identifies and takes
appropriate regulatory action on problems wtlich some pesticides pose for human
health and the environment. The Registration Standards process begins long before
the issuance of formal registration standards guidance packages with the identifi-
cation and systematic call-in of data to fill many of the most critical data gaps.
This approach assures early attention to the most vital known requirements for
additional data and begins a process that leads to reregistration for most chemi-
cals.
Special Reviews - Environmental Impact Statement Preparation The goal of
this program is the p~reparation of statements which delineate the impact on humans
and/or the environment due to exposure to a pesticide under consideration through
the Special Review process. Such statements are part of the documentation leading
to Special Review decisions.
GENERIC CHEMIC AL REVI EH
1984 Program, Request
The Agency requests a total of 319,286,500 and 185.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 18,715,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,570,700 1s for the Abatement, Cqntrol and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $750,800 .and a decrease of 51,000,000, respectively, for
the purpose of fully funding personnel compensation and benefits costs. Workyears
requested do not change from 1983. The extramural resources will be used for
information services, scientific data review contracts to support special review
decisions and the establishment of registration standards (exposure/hazard assess-
ment, risk/benefit analysis, toxicology, health effects, etc.), site/pest inform-
ation, pesticide use information, economic impact analyses of various regulatory
recommendations, and to fund various pesticide monitoring and integrated pest
management projects.
P-29
-------
These resources are expected to permit the completion of 10 Special Review
decisions. The new process should provide for fewer formal reviews or administra-
tive hearings and nore negotiated settlenents for Special Review chemicals. This
will result from improvements in the quality of scientific reviews, revisions in
criteria for the initiation of intensive special review in order to reflect risk
more realistically, and attention to alternative risk reducing measures. Nego-
tiated settlenents will be encouraged through improved communication with all
involved parties and scientific evaluation will continue to be subject to peer
review. A total of 18 laboratory audits are projected and the results will be
fed into the Special Review and Registration processes to assure that data concern-
ing health and environmental effects used in support of pesticide registration
actions are accurate and reliable. The use of Integrated Pest Management will be
furthered through development of models useful in urban pest management. The
Agency will work with Government agencies and others in developing such models
particularly for problems such as rodent control.
It is anticipated that 35 registration standards, up 5Q percent from 1983,
will be established and the Agency will continue the implementation of data call-in
by requesting long-term chronic health data on chemicals for which standards will
not yet have been started. Data call-in will ensure that these critical data will
be available by the tine standards development begins. In 1984, the use of the
cluster concept and ranking strategy will be continued to ensure, whenever feasi-
ble, early review of clusters with high volume, high exposure (especially food
uses), and significant potential hazards. The resource efficiencies derived from
the cluster approach come primarily from the simultaneous review of all products
with similar uses, the more efficient assessment of use patterns and exposure,
and the ready availability of information on alternatives in the event Special
Review of any of the members of a cluster is required.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,535,700 and 185.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $7,965,000 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 511,570,700 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation.
During 1983, emphasis will be placed on completing final resolutions on those
chemicals remaining in the Special Review process in order to resolve uncertainty
among producers and users. Emphasis will also be placed on analysis of new chemi-
cals which exceed the risk criteria. New reviews will be initiated principally as
a result of reviews and new data developed under the registration standards pro-
cess. When adverse effects data are identified through registration standards
development, the Agency will issue combined pre-Specia.l Review and Registration
Standards documents to reduce duplicate effort. A total of 13 Special Review
decisions are anticipated. Integrated Pest Management approaches and other alter-
native practices will be considered in Special Reviews to be certain that a full
range of potential risk reduction measures are examined, A total of 18 laboratory
data audits is projected. The formal Industrial Biotest data reviews will be
completed. Any other miscellaneous data will be reviewed under Registration Stan-
dards. All sponsors of Industrial Biotest studies will be notified of the results
of the program review.
Efficiencies in the registration standards process are expected to contribute
to the establishment of 22 standards. The Agency will continue to pilot and imple-
ment additional efficiencies and will explore additional approaches to increasing
industry involvement in the process as a means of reducing review time and eosts.
Some cluster reviews will be completed in 1983. Data call-in will continue to
ensure that critical data gaps are filled early.
P-30
-------
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$15,535,700 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+$19,731,500) the Congressionally approved restructuring
transferred Registration Standards and RPAR Reviews into the new program element
Generic Chemical Reviews. This allowed for better management of resources by com-
bining two program elements which were similar in nature. The change to the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation was +$8,160,800 and the change to the Abatement*
Control and Compliance appropriation was +$11,570,700.
-Co n g res si on a 1 Ac ti o n. (+$44,200) This increase includes +$44,200 of the
S10.5 nilTioh Salariesand Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogrammings. (-$240,000). During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprpgramming 1 imitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$240,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $21,979,400 for this program of which
59,253,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1~2,725,500 is
for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Special Review decisions were reached on 1.6 chemicals and a total of 13
lab audits were performed. Industrial Biotest Laboratory reviews were completed
on 98 chemicals. The emphasis in Integrated Pest Management activities was on the
control of urban pests.
In 1982, 18 Registration Standards Guidance Packages were established for a
cumulative total of 42. Internal procedures and productivity improvements developed
in earlier years were implemented. A(oilot program was initiated on the development
of standards for new chemicals and work continued on the review of chemicals in
clusters. The Agency increased involvement by registrants in the review process by
supplying them with a bibliography of available data and discussing use patterns
and data retirements with them early in the process.
SPECIAL REVIEWS - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PREPARATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,600, all of which is in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and 1.5 permanent workyears. This represents a decrease
of 549,800 and 1.5 permanent workyears which reflects the reduction of formal
reviews being conducted for Special Review chemicals. Activities projected for
1984 include preparation in the Special Review process of analyses on the projected
impacts on humans and/or the environment due to exposure to a pesticide. Such
analyses are part of the documentation supporting Special Review decisions. In
develooing the documentation, the Agency considers the adverse effects (health and
environmental impact) of the pesticide under review. This analysis is an integral
part of the Special Review documentation and is not issued as a separate Environ-
mental Impact Statement.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 5105,400 and 3.0 permanent work*
years to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation,
Activities for 1983 are basically the same as those described above.
P-31
-------
1983 Explanation p_f_ Changes from B^dgejt Estimate
There is no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 597,900, all of which was in Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. Activities completed included preparation in the
Special Review process of impact analyses concerning exposure to pesticides. The
analyses were used to support Special Review decisions.
"P-32
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PESTICIDES
Federal and State Program Support
ACTUAL " BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Use
Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Federal and State
Program Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
$550.5
$550.5
$550.5
$550.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Use
Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
13.0
13.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Use
Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
13.2
13.2
p. 33
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PESTICIDES
Federal and State Program Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds or permanent workyears for 1984, In 1982, the
pesticide use management program activities were integrated into other pesticide
programs.
Program Description
This program includes consultation and the exchange of information .and techni-
cal advice between the Agency and Federal, State and local officials with interests
in pesticide regulation, as well as assistance to pesticide users, pesticide pro-
ducers, and the general public, to promote compliance with pesticide regulations
and safe use practices.
PESTICIDE USE MANAGEMENT
19.84 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds or permanent workyears for 1984.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating no funds or permanent workyears to this
program. The functions of this program that are being continued are supported in
other pesticide program elements, e.g., Registration.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $550,500 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The program provided
Regional offices with program documentation and guidance on Agency programs and
policies regarding pesticide registration, regulatory requirements, and pesticide
incidents requiring Agency technical expertise. Information and referral services
were provided to Federal, State, and local agencies; trade organizations; poison
control centers; hospitals; physicians; and worker clinics In dealing with pesti-
cide problems. The integration of pesticide use management functions into other
pesticide programs enabled direct consultation between Agency headquarters tech-
nical specialists (who have intimate, firsthand knowledge of pesticide regulatory
policies, processes, and actions), State and local officials, and pesticide pro-
ducers and users, thus expediting the exchange of information, advice, and assis-
tance on matters of concern to the pesticide community.
P-34
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1934 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
Pestldices Enforcement , P-36
Pesticides Enforcement., , P-37
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-39
Pesticides Certification & Training , P-40
P-35
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $4,111.5 $3,670.1 $3,785.6 $4,075.1 $289.5
Abatement Control & $18.9 $45.3 $45.3 - S45.3
Compliance
TOTAL $4,130.4 $3,715.4 $3,830.9 $4,120.4 $289.5
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control & $9,087.4 $6,918.4 $8,702.9 $6,918.4 -SI,784.5
Compliance
TOTAL $9,087.4 $6,918.4 $8,702.9 $6,918.4 -$1,784.5
Pesticides
Certification 8
Training
Abatement Control & $2,579.1 52,000.0 $2,000.0 $2,100.0 $100.0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,579.1 $2,000.0 $2,000.0 $2.100.0 $100.0
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses $4,111.5 $3,670.1 $3,785.6 $4,075.1 $289.5
Abatement Control & $11,685.4 $8,963.7 $10,748.2 $9,063.7 -$1,684.5
Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $15,796.9 $12,633.8 $14,533.8 $13,138.8 -$1,395.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 114.6 96.6 96.1 90.9 -5.2
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 114.6 96.6 96.1 90.9 -5.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 124.2 104.7 104.2 99.6 -4.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS 124.2 104.7 104.2 99.6 -4.6
P-36
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of 513,138,800 and 90.9 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $1,395,000 and S.2 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in
this total is 54,075,100 under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$9,063,700 under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase
of $289,500 and a decrease of 51,684,500 respectively. The overall reduction re-
flects a continuing shift in emphasis from Federal to State enforcement.
Program Description
This activity includes monitoring the pesticide Industry including pro-
ducers, distributers and users for compliance with the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (F1FRA); providing compliance assistance to the
regulated community; and preparing and issuing, where compliance first cannot be
gained by other means, notices of violation and administration orders. Also in-
volved in this activity is the management and funding of State cooperative enforce-
ment agreements and State certification and training programs. As a result of
Federal and State agreements, the program is conducted largely by cooperating State
agencies.
Pesticides Enforcement-- This program emphasizes gaining compliance by the
pes11 cide ihdustry a 110* users with registration, classification, and labeling
requirements. Headquarters provides enforcement support to the FIFRA regulatory
development process; designs, implements, and oversees compliance monitoring acti-
vities. The Regional offices negotiate and manage grants- for the cooperative
enforcement programs and the State applicator certification programs; provide
Federal compliance monitoring 1n States not participating 1n the cooperative en-
forcement program; and, monitor laboratories performing tests as required by FIFRA
regulations. The Regional pesticide enforcement program also provider compliance
assistance to the agricultural chemical industry, commercial and private applica-
tors, user groups and States.
Pesticide Enforcement Grants This program provides for the bulk of pesti-
cide compliance monitoring activities in the United States. Under the terms of
cooperative agreements vrith EPA,-States Inspect pesticide producer establishments,
provide marketplace surveillance, and investigate pesticide use, misuse, and field
reentry questions. The grants also support the States in surveying pesticide
Imports, Inspecting pesticide dealer records and reviewing commercial applicator
records.
Pesticides Certification and Training Pesticides certiflcaton and training
insures that highly toxic, restricted use pesticides are handled, applied^ and
stored only by competent, trained applicators. Funds for training applicators are
.transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for distribution to State Coop-
erative Extension Services. Certification funds are distributed through grants to
designated State agencies. Funds are used by the States for certification activi-
ties, such as developing and grading exams, Issuing credentials, monitoring train-
ing, and keeping records of certified applicators. The EPA also provides funding
for Federal certification and training programs in Colorado, a State that has
chosen not to conduct its own certification and training programs.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 54,120,400 and 90.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $4,075,100 1s for Salaries and Expenses, and $45,300 is for
P-37
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Abatement, Control and Compliance, This is a decrease of 5.2 workyears, an in~
crease of 5289,500 for Salaries and Expenses, and no change for Abatement, Control
and Compliance. Regional resources are reduced 11.7 permanent workyears which
reflects increased participation by States, Territories and Indian Tribes in coop-
erative enforcement and certification programs. Headquarters is increased by 6.5
permanent workyears to support activities, such as quality assurance and labor-
atory training for State chemists, which were previously conducted by National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). The increase in Salaries and Expenses
is due to higher personnel costs and reflects a more balanced sharing of ADP costs
between pesticides and toxic substances enforcement. Contract funds will be used
for ADP support to store annual pesticide production data as required by Section
7 of FIFRA, and for support .of the FIFRA and TSCA Enforcement System (FATES), the
computer system used to store and maintain compliance data.
In 1984, the first priority of the pesticides enforcement program will be
continued cooperation with States. Emphasis will be placed upon achieving compli-
ance with pesticide use and application rules and upon enhancement of overall
compl lance with FIFRA through" cooperative agreements. As a consequence of this
enhanced State role in the overall program, the primary Federal role will continue
to be in program management and training. The enforcement program will include
the oversight of State cooperative agreements and applicator certification and
training programs, administration of Federal applicator certification and training
programs in Colorado (Nebraska is expected to accept the certification program in
1983), and administration of certification and training programs among Indian
Tribes. A comprehensive evaluation of the cooperative enforcement programs will be
conducted and the measurement of environmental results will be included in State
agreements.
Headquarters will provide support to the FIFRA regulatory development and
review process and will manage and execute national programs to monitor compliance
with FIFRA regulatory actions, such as the Toxaphene cancellation order issued in
1983 and the Child Resistant Packaging rules. Headquarters will also provide
oversight to cooperative Federal/State enforcement pro.grams and State applicator
certification and training programs. Technical support for Regional activities
wil1 be provided.
The Regional offices will negotiate and manage grants for the cooperative en-
forcement pro.grams and the certification programs, Federal compliance monitoring
in those States (Colorado, Wyoming, Ohio) not .participating fully in the coopera-
tive enforcement program will be increased to upgrade these programs to a level
comparable with the cooperative State programs. Monitoring laboratories conducting
tests required by FIFRA regulations will :be allo undertaken by the Regional offices.
In addition, the Regional enforcement program is committed to provide com-
pliance assistance to the agricultural chemical industry, commercial and private
applicators, user groups, and States to assist them in obtaining product registra-
tions, experimental use permits, special local need registrations, emergency exemp-
tions, and to understand and meet their obligations under FIFRA. Providing assis-
tance should help preclude the need for future enforcement activity in most in-
stances,
The Regional enforcement program will also prepare and issue notices of vio-
lation and administrative orders, with the concurrence of the Office of Legal and
Enforcement Counsel (OLEC). In addition, the program will assist and support OLEC
in the development of civil and criminal referrals,
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency, is allocating a total of $3,830,900 and 96.1 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $3,785,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$45,300 is for extramural purposes under the' Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation.
P-38
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The first priority of the pesticides enforcement program is developing and en-
hancing the cooperative programs between EPA and the States. To further this end,
the Agency continues to manage 52 cooperative enforcement agreements and 50 State
certification and 52 training programs. Training of State personnel is continuing,
as is Federal compliance monitoring activities in those States not participating in
the grant program and in those States with problems which the State cannot ade-
quately address. Federal compliance assistance 1s bging provided to the regulated
community. Efforts also include preparing and issuing notices of violation and
administrative orders.
1983 Explanation of Changes from BudgetEstimate
The net increase of +5115,500 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+520,000) This increase includes +520,000 of the
S10.5 million Salaries an
-------
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 53,702,900, all of which is under the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, for cooperative enforcement grants with
States and Territories. In 1983, these agreements stress compliance with pesticide
use and application regulations, and improvement of State program priority-setting
methodologies. As in previous years, the pesticides enforcement program will fos-
ter user compliance with label directions and manufacturer adherence to product
formulation requirements under FIFRA.
One new State, Nebraska, will be added to the cooperative enforcement program
for a total of 53 States and Territories,
1983 Explanation of Changes f_rom_ Budget Estimate
The net increase of +S1,734,500 results from the following action:
-Congressiona 1 Acti6n. <*$! ,784,500) The Congressional add-on to this activ-
ity of +Sl',784,500 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for
the State pesticides enforcement grants program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 59,087,400 all of which is under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, for cooperative agreements with 52 States and
Territories. This funding provided resources for States to conduct: 2,318 estab-
lishment inspections; 13,850 use and reentry inspections; 15,808 marketplace in-
spections; 183 import Inspections, 14,005 applicator license and record inspections;
and, 11,967 dealer record inspections.
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION. AND TRAINING
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,100,000 for this program, all under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The program will support 51
applicator certification and 52 training programs in States and Territories and
a federally run program in Colorado. This is an increase of 5100,000 for the
certification program in Nebraska, which will be conducted by the State for the
first time in 1984. States will be encouraged to raise or implement fees to pro-
vide for increased State support for the certification programs. The EPA will
assist States in designing improved training materials in 1984.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $2,000,000, all under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, for 50 certification and 52 training programs with
States and Territories. In addition, these funds support Federal programs in
Colorado and Nebraska. The resources will continue to be used for certification
and training in the application of highly toxic, restricted use pesticides.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In .1982, resources obligated were 52,579,100, all under the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, for funding 50 certification and 52 training pro-
grams in States and Territories. In addition, resources funded Federal certifica-
tion and training programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
P-40
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SAD IATION R-l
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
Nonionizing Radiation R-6
ABATEMENT « CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards A Guidelines......* ... R-l*
Radiation Program Implementation , R-17
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment. R-20
R-l
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RADIATION
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses S8,130.7 $7,917.8 $8,340.0 $7,742.4 -$597.6
Abatement Control & $2,987.2 $2,195.7 $2,195.7 $3,095.7 $900.0
Coropl iance
Research & Development $917.5 S237.6 S387.6 $16.7 -$370.9
TOTAL, Radiation $12,335.4 $10,351.1 $10,923.3 $10,854.8 -$68.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS " 150.3 135.1 148.1 126.9 -21.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS 169.6 159.9 172.2 146.4 -25.8
OUTLAYS $12,349.0 $11,147.0 $12,483.0 $11,419.0 -$1,064.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
R-2
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RADIATION
.OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse ef-
fects of radiation exposure is derived from several statutes: (1) the Federal
guidance and general environmental standard authorities under the Atomic Energy
Act, transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970; (2) the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1977 which provide authority to regulate radioactive air
pollutants through the standard setting authorities of the Act; (3) the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
which charge EPA with providing standards for protection from waste materials with
radioactive content; (4) the Nuclear Waste Policy Act; and (5) other authorities
contained in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Marine Protection Research
and Sanctuaries Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Public Health Service Act,
and the National Environmental Policy Act.
EPA's legislative authorities generally prescribe an environmental assessment,
technology assessment, and standard setting role for EPA, In some cases enforcement
responsibilities are given to other agencies, notably the Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission. In these instances, EPA performs some oversight functions to Insure that
established standards and guidance are followed.
Within the framework of applicable legislation, EPA's radiation program
strategy is to:
1. Establish radiation standards and guidance that result in regulatory
controls which promise the greatest reduction 1n adverse health effects
and environmental impacts;
2. Maintain a capability to assess and quantify existing and emerging
radiation problems and the potential impact of technologies under devel-
opment;
3. Evaluate and respond to issues of serious public concern, and point
out situations where corrective action is the responsibility of other
agencies; and
4. Maintain a capability to respond to emergencies and to aid development
and testing of State, local, and Federal plans for emergency response.
Within this general strategy, highest priorities have been given to activities
mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1977, radioactive waste management activities,
completion of Federal Guidance currently under development, and testing of State
radiological emergency response plans.
The emphasis on the Clean Air Act activities is consistent with public concern
over radiation, the existence of a significant number of poorly defined and uncon-
trolled sources which emit radioactive air pollutants, and the court decision man-
dating EPA action on airborne radlonucTides.
EPA's role in the control of radioactive waste disposal is prescribed in the
Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and by
the Interagency Review Group on Nuclear Waste Management. Areas covered by Federal
Guidance currently under development include general occupational exposure, radio-
frequency exposure and protective action guides for accidental release. EPA re-
sponsibilities for review and testing of emergency response plans, monitoring
Three Mile Island, and Protective Action Guides are specified in regulations issued
by the Federal Emergency Management Agency 1n March 1982.
R-3
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EPA's radiation health research program has been focused on research to sup-
port the issuance, in late 1984, of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for radio-
frequency and microwave radiation. Since development of these environmental expo-
sure guidelines is nearing completion, an orderly phase-out of the health research
program will begin in 1983. A health assessment document, Biological Effects of
Radio frequency Rad'iatign. will be a companion document to the Guidance Inci Ts
b₯ing ^coipleted in 1983, As such, no resources have been requested for the health
effect program in 1984. The off-site monitoring program, conducted to support the
Department of Energy's operation of nuclear test sites, and the quality assurance
program for radiochemical analyses will be maintained at the same level of effort.
R-4
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table pf Contents
Page
RADIATION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Nonionizing Radiation.. R-6
R-5
-------
RADIATION
Nonionizing Radiation
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
EST MATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
155.1
$.9
$56.0
$10.7
$10.7
$84.4 $174.6 $174.6
$15.4 S16.7 $16.7
$99.8 $191.3 1191.3
SI,532.5 $1,163.5 $1,163.5
$901.2 $220.9 $370.9
$2,433.7 $1,384.4 $1,534.4
$1,672.0 $1,348,8 $1,338.1
$917.5 $237.6 $387.6
$216.4 S41.8
.$16.7
S233.1 .$41.8
-$1,163.5
-$:370.9
-SI,534.4
$216.4 -$1,121.7
$16.7 -$370.9
Nonionizing Radiation TOTAL $2,589.5 $1,586.4 $1,725.7 $233.1 -$1,492.6
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
.9
2.0
22.7
25.6
5.0
16.0
21.0
5.0
16.0
21.0
5.0
5.0
-16.0
-16.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Information 4
Liaison
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.9
2.0
27.4
30.3
5.0
2Q.4
25.4
5.0
20.4
25.4
5.0
5.0
-20.4
-20.4
R-6
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RADIATION
Nonionizing Radiation
Actual
1982
7/82
Major Outputs/Milestones
Conduct Off-Site Radiological
Monitoring and Surveillance
Program.
- Provide annual reports on
off-site surveillance in
previous calendar year.
(Monitoring)
Conduct an Analytical Radio-
chemical Quality Assurance Program.
- Report on each laboratory 9/82
quality assurance inter-
comparison study as completed.
(Monitoring)
Support Issuance of 1984 Radio-
frequency Guidance
- Provide comprehensive health
assessment document, BjpiQjlcal.
Effects of Radiofrequericy
Radiation, as part of documenta-
tion for deve 1 opinent of environ-
mental exposure guidelines.
(Health)
- Present paper on the develop-
ment of a mathematical model to
predict the absorption of elec-
tromagnetic energy and the
body's resultant thermophysio-
logic response. (Health)
- Provide data on the behavioral 1/83
effects of ciicrowave radiation
exposure, based on a workshop to
evaluate discrepancies in the
behavioral bioeffects data base,
the divergence between various
international standards, and the
potential effects on human
behavior. (Health)
- Provide data on the Interaction 9/82
of various microwave radiation
frequencies with key pathways for
brain energy metabolism. (Health)
- Evaluate growth stunting and body 7/82
weight reductions in young mice
exposed to 2450 MH£ microwave
radiation in utero. (Health)
Current
Estimate
1983
7/83
Estimate
1984
7/84
9/83
9/84
9/83
6/83
R-7
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RADIATION
Major Outputs/Ml 1estones
Provide data on the immune
responsiveness of mice
irradiated with continuous
-wave or pulse-modulated
425 MHz radiofrequency
radiation. (Health)
- Measure blood-brain barrier
permeation in rats during expo-
sure to 2450 MHz microwave
radiation. (Health)
Nonionizing Radiation
Actual
1982
12/82
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
9/82
R-8
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RADIATION
Nonionizing Radiation
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $233,100 and 5.0 permanent workyears for 1984,
a decrease of $1,492,600 and 16.0 permanent workyears from 1983. Included 1n the
total is 5216,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $16,700 for Research and Develop-
ment, with decreases of $1,121,700 and $370.,9.00, respectively. This decrease
occurs in the health effects program element.
Program Description
The overall goal of the research and development program in radiation is to
provide Agency decision-makers, and other Federal, Regional, State and local offi-
cials with scientifically credible data on effects, methodologies, relationships,
models and assessments which they require to control and to assess public exposure
to nonionizing radiation (NIR) and to man-made radioactive materials in the envi-
ronment. The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Conduct Off-Site Radiological Monitoring and Surveillance Pro-
gram.The program under this objective provides comprehensive radiological moni-
toring and surveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE)
requirements for its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site
(UTS). This work is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE.
Objective 2. Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program.
A qua 1 i ty assiirance fQA!program Ts~ SoriductSd'fii sUpporlf"of' FeSeraT^ RejjfSnaT,
State, and local laboratories which assesses radionuclide activities in air, water,
milk, and food to determine the impact of local nuclear facility activities. The
QA program supports the Office of Radiation Programs by serving as a source of
radionuclide and instrument standards and radiochentical methods for analysis of
environmental samples.
Objective 3. Support Issuance of 1984 Radiofrequency Guidance. The research
under this objective provides support to the Office of RadlatiOff Programs for the
1984 issuance of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for radiofrequency and
microwave radiation*
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $56,000 for this program of which
$55,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $900 was for extra-
mural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This activity,
which supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the
Intermedia program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 19.84 Pr^rjm Request,
1983 Program, and 1982 Accomplishments narrative, sections appear there.
MONITORING SYSTEMS; AMD QyALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $233,100 and 5.0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $216,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $16,700 is for Research
and Development. This represents no substantial change from 1983.
R-9
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Conduct Off-Site Radiological Monitoring and Survei'1 lance Program. National
nuclear testing activities must be conducted in a way that does not adversely impact
the health and safety of the population or the quality of the environment. To assure
this requires comprehensive environmental monitoring and surveillance capabilities.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .will provide these capabilities to support
DOE nuclear test activities. EPA is an active participant in the decision-making
process when tests are instituted and serves on the test controller's advisory
panel. This panel advises the DOE test controller on whether it is advisable to
initiate a test. At each test, radiation safety and monitoring teams will be
deployed to document environmental levels of radioactivity and to be prepared for
remedial action in the event of accidental releases.
Conduct a,n Analytical Radiochemical Qua]ity Assurance Program. Standard ref-
erence materials anHlaboratory audits are necessary to support the quality
assurance aspects of the environmental radiation monitoring programs being conducted
by program offices, Regions, States, nuclear facilities, and contract laboratories.
Over 200 of these organizations routinely make radiation measurements which are
reported to various local, State, and Federal agencies. This research program rill
provide technical expertise and guidance to those laboratories for radiochemical
analyses of environmental samples. Laboratory intercpmparison studies are focused
on the accuracy and precision of measurements of radioactivity in milk, simulated
diet, drinking water, urine, and air filters. These data will be used in assess-
ments of population exposures to radiation. At least 11 laboratory intercomparison
studies will be conducted in 1984. The integrity of standards or reference materials
are ensured through continuing radionuclide traceability studies with the National
Bureau of Standards (NBS) and a repository for NBS-certified radionuclide standards
will be maintained. The specific radionuclides have not yet been selected for 1984.
1983 Program -
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 3191,300 and 5.0 permanent work-
years for this program of which $174,600 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $16,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Conduct Off-Site Radiological Monitoring and Surveillance Program. The off-
site monitoring and surveillance program at the Nevada Test Site and at former
sites of nuclear tests is continuing at the request of the DOE. Testing in 1983 is
anticipated to continue at the same or a greater rate than in 1982.
Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program. In 1983, 11
laboratory intercomparisonstudiesaTebeingconducted inthe quality assurance
program for samples of food, milk, urine, and air. About 400 radionucli.de stand-
ards and reference materials maintained under the repository program are planned to
be distributed to Federal, State, and local laboratories involved in monitoring
radiation in the environment.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
j.982 AccompVishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 599,800 for this program, of which
584,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 515,400 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Conduct Of f-Si te Radio! ogical Moni to ringand, Survei 11 ance Program. EPA pro-
v1 ded environmental monitoring and surveillance'services'to OOE and participated
in 22 nuclear tests at the Nevada-Test Site in 1982. In addition, a community
monitoring program Involving 15-communities was initiated in 1982 as a cooperative
effort between EPA, DOE, and the Desert Research Institute of the University of
Nevada at Las Vegas.
R-10
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Conduct ari Analytical Radiochemical Qua!it-y Assurance Program. In 1.982, the
qua!ity= a₯surinee program conducted eight laboratory intercamparison studies on
strontium and gamma emitters in milk and simulated diet samples, on tritium in
urine samples, and on gross alpha and beta activities, cesium 137, and strontium 90
for air filters. In the repository program for NBS-certified radionuclide stand-
ards, approximately 400 standards and reference materials were distributed to pri-
vate, State, and nuclear facility laboratories, The radionuclides submitted for
traceabillty study to NBS in 1982 were thorium 230, carbon 14, nickel 63, silver
110, scandium 46, and chromium 51.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
No resources have been requested for the nonionizing radiation (MIR) health
effects program in 1984. This program has been focused on research to support the
issuance of the 1984 Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for radiofrequency
and microwave radiation. Since development of these environmental exposure guide-
lines will be completed in 1984, no additional health research will be needed
for incorporation in the guidelines and the program will be closed out.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 4 total of 51,534,400 and 16.0 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,163,500 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5370,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Support Issuance of 1934 Radiofrequency Guidance. Program activities in 1983
are geared to complete development of environmental exposure guidance for radio-
frequency radiation, scheduled to be Issued in 1984. A health assessment document,
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation, is being completed to accompany
the FederalRadiation Protection Guidance.This document provides a comprehensive *
and critical evaluation of scientific data available on the biological effects of
exposure to radiofrequency radiation. The available data largely addresses the
risks of select frequencies of continuous wave NIR and the average whole-body rate
of energy absorption.
1983 Explanation of Changej from BudjetL Estimate^
The net increase of +$150,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$150,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Research
and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports nonlonizing radiation health -effects.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,433,600 for this program, of which
51,532,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $901,200 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Support Issuance of .1984 Radiofrequency^Guidance. In 1982, results of re-
search on" the"effects of repeated in 'utero exposure of mice to 2450 MHz continuous
wave radiation were reported. Confirming earlier studies, decreased fetal weight
(stunting) was demonstrated through the first week after birth and found to.be
associated with delayed skeletal maturation. Measurements were made on the permea-
tion of radioactive tracers across the blood-brain barrier of adult rats exposed
to 2450 MHz radiation at varied power densities (incident exposure) and ambient
environmental temperatures. After correcting the data for thermal effects of the
microwave radiation, no significant increase in, permeation was found. Results
were reported on work to examine whether key biochemical? 1n the energy production
system of the rat brain are affected directly by microwaves or indirectly by
R-ll
-------
tissue hyperthemiia. The dependence of effects on frequency and wave modulation
was also examined. The data indicated frequency specific inhibition of brain
energy metabolism, supporting the hypothesis that microwave radiation directly,
rather than by tissue heating, inhibits mitochondria! energy production pathways
in the rat brain. Effects were noted at 591 MHz and 200 MHz, but these effects
were different.. No effects were noted at 2450 MHz. The immune responsiveness of
mice irradiated with continuous wave or pulse-modulated 425 MHz (radar) radiation
was assessed. No differences between the control group and the two irradiated
groups were observed for several measures of immune response.
R-12
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards 8 Guidelines R-14
Radiation Program Implementation R-17
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-20
R-13
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards 4 Guidelines
/
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
198.3 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Criteria,
Standards 4 Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $1,733.8 $3,167.8 $3,626.6 $3,870.0 $243.4
Abatement Control * $2,604.9 $1,595.7 $1,595.7 $2,495.7 $9,00.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,338.7 $4,763.5 $5,222.3 $6,365.7 $1,143.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,733.8 $3,167.8 $3,626.6 $3,870.0 $243.4
Abatement Control .4 $2,604.9 $1,595.7 $1,595.7 $2,495.7 $900.0
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL $4,338.7 $4,763.5 $5,222.3 $6,365.7 $1,143.4
Standards 4 Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 35.7 55.2 68.2 65.0 -3.2
Standards 4 Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 35.7 55.2 68.2 . 65.0 -3.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 39.0 65.4 77.7 74.3 -3.4
Standards 4 Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 39.0 65.4 77.7 74.3 -3.4
R-14
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,365,700 and 6.5.0 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $1,143,400 and a decrease of 3.2 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total is .53,87.0,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $2,495,700 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance, with an increase of 5243,400 and 5900,000 respec-
tively.
Program Description
Radiation environmental standards and .guidelines are developed and promul-
gated under this subactivity. These standards and guidelines protect the public
health and the environment by minimizing risk of radiation exposures from nuclear
energy applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and occupa-
tional radiation exposure and non-ionizing radiation.
RADIATION CRITERIA, STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 56,365,700 and 65.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 53,870,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 52,495,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $243,400 and 5900,000 respectively from 1983. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses is associated with an increase in personnel and
operating costs. The increase in extramural expenses will provide more contract
support for regulatory analysis related primarily to radionuclide activities.
Work in 1984 will concentrate on three major areas of regulatory effort:
airborne radionuclides, radioactive waste management, and Federal Guidance. Atten-
tion will also be devoted to the mandated review of the environmental standards,
for normal operations in the uranium fuel cycle (40 CFR 190). Airborne radionu-
elides efforts will concentrate on bringing to final action proposals made under
court order in 1983. Because of the highly accelerated schedule which requires
proposal 180 "days from the court order, until public comments are received, the
amount of effort and the precise schedule for final action is uncertain. Major
progress on this regulatory effort will remain a high priority for this program in
1984, It is anticipated that the high level waste standard will be promulgated
in accordance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. The generic standard for land
disposal of low level waste will be proposed before the end of 1984. Anticipated
permit requests from other federal agencies for disposal of low level wastes in
the ocean will be reviewed and a determination made on the adequacy of each request
based on existing evaluation criteria. Generic criteria for ocean disposal sites
of low level radioactive wastes will be completed and development of monitoring
criteria started. Full-scale initiation;of standards development for decommissioned
nuclear facilities will be undertaken.
Public hearings for the proposed Federal Guidance for non-ionizing radiation
in the radiofrequency range will be held, and completion of this regulation is
anticipated. Work will continue on the issuance of Protective Action Guides
for decontamination and reentry of areas contaminated in radiation incidents.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 55,222,300 and 68.2 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $3,626,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
SI,595,700 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. During 1983, efforts are
concentrated in three areas; regulation of radionuclides under Section 112 of the
Clean Air Act; management of radioactive waste under the generally applicable
R-15
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environmental standards authority of the Atomic Energy Act and the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act; and development of Federal radiation guidance
under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act. Clean Air Act efforts are directed
towards meeting the court order requiring EPA to propose all airborne radionuclide
standards within 180 days. Other radioactive waste disposal program activities
include: proposal of the high level waste standard, promulgation of uranium mill
tailing standards for inactive sites, and .anticipated proposal of standards for
active sites. Under development in 1983 are generic waste standards for land
disposal of low level waste. Final guidance for general occupational exposure to
radiation is expected to be completed under the Federal Guidance authority; an.d
guidance for exposure to non-ionizing radiation in the radiofrequency range will be
proposed. Work necessary to issue Protective Action Guides will resume in 1983.
EPA and other Federal agencies will work together to assure adequate implementation
of existing regulations.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$458,800 results from the following action:
-Congressiona 1 Action. (+$458,800) This increase includes +5458,800 of the
$10.5 Sill ion" Salaries and Expenses add-on which supports workyears in the develop-
ment of radionuclides standards.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $4,3.38,700 for this program, of which $1,733,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $2,604,900 was for Abatement, Control and Compli*
ance. Contract funds supported the gathering of data and analysis in support of
standards setting, particularly in the areas of airborne radionuclides and radio-
active waste disposal. This work has led to the proposal of the high level radio-
active waste standards and promulgation of uranium mill tailings standards for in-
active sites. Work continued on uranium mill tailings standards for active
sites, disposal standards for low level wastes, guidance for general occupational
radiation exposure, and guidance to limit exposure to radiofrequency non-ionizing
radiation. Work on development of hazardous air pollution standards for airborne
radionuclides was accelerated in response to a court order.
R-16
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Radiation Program TOTAL
$629.1
$629.1
$629.1
$629.1
$628.6
S628.6
$628 .6
$628.6
$602.7
$602.7
$602.7
$602.7
$716.7
$716.7
$716.7
$716.7
$114,0
S114.0
$114.0
$114.0
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
12,9
12.9
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.2
14.2
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
R-17
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $716,700 and 10.0 permanent workyears for 1984,
an increase of Jl14,000 from 1983, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses.
Pro9ram Description
This subactlvity supports activities of EPA's Regional offices including:
reviewing environmental impact statements (e.g., lightwater reactors and uranium
mining and milling); providing the public with technical information; providing
direct assistance to State and local governments with 'special radiation problems
of a short-term nature; participation in the reviewing and testing of State radio-
logical emergency response plans; and providing the radiological expertise needed
by the Regions to manage radiological problems associated with the drinking water
and hazardous waste programs,
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $716,700 and 10.0 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $114,000 from 4983 reflecting increased personnel and operat-
ing costs. A major emphasis for the 1984 Regional program is technical assistance
to States in the area of emergency response planning. EPA assists States in the
development of radiological emergency response plans and formally reviews these
plans along with other Federal agencies under" the coordination of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency. Regions will continue to be Involved 1n the charac-
terization and identification of hazardous radioactive waste sites. This effort
supports both the EPA headquarters hazardous waste programs and the requests of
the States. The Regions will continue to be the primary reviewer of environ-
mental Impact statements for radiation facilities, such as commercial nuclear
power plants, uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.
Other areas of special concern to Regions will be assistance "in the implementation
of the uranium mill tailings standards 1n those Regions affected and continued
support to the States, particularly for the management of radioactive wastes.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $602,700 and 10.0 permanent
workyears for this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. In 1983,
emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the States on radioactive waste
problems remains the central focus of the EPA Regional radiation program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from BudgetEstimate
The net decrease of -$25,900 results from the following action:
-Reprog£amm1rigs. (-$25,900) During the development, of the operating "plan,
s e ve r a1 r e p ra g r ainmTh gs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprpgramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$25,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
R-18
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1962 Accomplisnroents
In 1982, the Agency obligated $629,100 for this program, all of which was
for Salaries and Expenses. Emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the
States and other EPA Regional programs remained the central focus of the EPA Re-
gional radiation program.
R-19
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 . 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses $4,395.8 $2,772.6 $2,772.6 $2,93.9.3 $166.7
Abatement Control S $382.3 $600.0 $600.0 $600.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,778.1 $3,372.6 $3,372.6 $3,539.3 $166.7
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $4,395.8 $2,772.6 $2,772.6 $2,939.3 $166.7
Abatement Control 4 $382.3 $600.0 $600.0 $600.0
Compliance
Radiation TOTAL $4,778.1 $3,372.6 $3,372.6 $3,539.3 $166..?
Environmental impact
Assessment
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental 7.6.1 48.9 48.9 46.9 -2.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 76.1 48.9 48.9 46.9 -2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental 86.1 58.0 58.0 56.0 -2.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS 86.1 58.0 58.0 56.0 -2.0
R-20
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,539,300 and 46.9 permanent workyears for
1984, art increase of $166,700 and a decrease of 2.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
Included in this total is 52,939,300 for Salaries and Expenses and $600,000 for
Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Program Description
Activities in this area provide the information necessary to identify and
analyze potential radiological health problems having public health impact and to
support the development of standards and guidelines. Also encompassed under this
subactivity is the monitoring of environmental radiation, as well as laboratory
analysis, technology assessments, emergency preparedness, and emergency response.
.RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1984 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,539,300 and 46.9 permanent workyears for
this program, of which 52,939,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and 5600,000 is
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents an increase of $166,700 in
Salaries and Expenses reflecting increased payroll and operating costs. In 1984,
this program will continue to support development of standards under the Clean Air
Act and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act and the management of radioactive wastes. A
fully equipped emergency response capability will be maintained and off-site
monitoring of the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor will continue. The Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System will collect and analyze samples of
air, precipitation, and milk in its national network to determine ambient radia-
tion levels and will maintain its preparedness to monitor the environment in the
event of atmospheric testing of nuclear devices. The quality assurance program
will be operated to ensure accuracy of all laboratory measurements and data analyses
conducted either in-house or throeigh program contracts. In addition, support to
States, other Federal agencies, and other parts of EPA will continue in the form
of radiochemical anaylses, technical assistance, occasional loans of equipment,
and EPA participation .in the National Conference of Radiation Control Program
Directors. As a part of the Ocean Disposal program, marketplace seafood surveys
in the Boston area will be continued.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,372,600 and 48.9 permanent
workyears for this program, of which 52,772,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$600,000 is for Abatement, Control and Compliance. Activities include: con-
tinued laboratory and technical support1 to standards-setting, maintenance of an
emergency response capability, coordination of the Regions in their review and
testing of State emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to
State radiological programs, and support for the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System. The radium collection and repository program will be discon-
tinued this year and the radium previously collected shipped for permanent dis-
posal. Ocean disposal monitoring activities will continue with our participa-
tion in the Massachusetts Bay and marketplace seafood surveys. The monitoring of
off-site releases at Three Mile Island will al.so continue. Additional work "in-
cludes completion of the field work on the Butte, Montana radon survey and con-
tinued operation of a program-wide quality assurance plan. Several changes in the
1983 program reflect a shift in emphasis from field work to standards-setting
R-21
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activities, including a reduction in emergency preparedness activities as Regional
guidance and equipment acouistion are completed, an increase in resources for
Clean Air Act work necessary to meet the proposed regulatory schedules, and a
decrease in the Sutte study as the field work is completed.
1983 Explanation of Changes from BudgetEstimate
There is no change to this program.
1982 Accpmplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $4,778,100 for this program, of which S4,395,800
was for Salaries and Expenses and $382,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance. Contract funds supported monitoring activities at Three Mile Island and the
ocean disposal survey of Massachusetts Bay. Activities in 1982 included.: continued
laboratory and technical support to standards-setting, maintenance of ah emergency
response capability, coordination of the Regions in their review and testing of
State emergency response plans, and assistance to other EPA offices and to State
radiological programs. The Environmental Radiation Ambient Mentoring System was
maintained as was the radium collection and repository program. Ocean disposal
monitoring activities included our participation in the Massachusetts Say and
marketplace seafood surveys. Work on the Butte, Montana radon survey was con^
ti.nued. Operation of ,a program-wide quality assurance program was initiated.
R-22
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Noise
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
NOISE N-l
ABATEMENT 4 CONTROL
Environmental Noise Strategies & Standards N-7
Noise Standards Development............ N-7
Noise Control Technology Assessment 4 Criteria Development N-7
Noise Program Implementation H-8
N-l
-------
NOISE
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATIOH
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL, Noise
SI ,280.3
S341.0
SI,621.3
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
21.2
27.4
$6,616.0
$350.0 $1,707.0 $663.0 -$1,044.0
N-2
-------
NOISE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The 1982 noise control budget represented a major policy change with respect
to the Federal effort, to reduce noise exposure. As reflected in that budget re-
quest, the EPA noise control program ,has been phased-out. This decision resulted
from a determination that the benefits of noise control are highly localized and
that the function of noise control can be adequately carried out at the State and
.local level without the presence of a Federal program.
States and localities have shown a .significant increase 1n their ability and
desire to develop their own noise control programs. During the last decade, over
1,300 municipalities and 24 States have enacted noise control legislation. Of
these, 20 States have viable active programs and over 300 local communities have
ongoing noise control programs with active enforcement. This dramatic growth
(233% in the past five years) convincingly demonstrates that State and local
governments can and will deal with environmental noise problems within their
jurisdictions,
The major components of EPA's noise control effort were promulgation and
enforcement of Federal noise regulations, strengthening the capabilities of State
and local noise control agencies by providing technical and financial assistance,
and the conduct of noise health effects research.
For 1982, activities were structured to achieve a prompt but orderly phase-out
of current program activities by transferring to the State and local programs
knowledge and experience EPA has gained. This Included the transfer of noise
measurement equipment that will aid States and local governments as they assume
additional responsibility, and the training of approximately 800 State and local
personnel in noise control techniques.
Since most final phase-out activities of the Noise Control Program were near-
ing completion at the end of 1982, no resources were requested for this program in
1983, and no resources are requested for 1984.
\ ,
N-3
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NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies 4 Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Noise Standards
Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL
Noise Control
Technology Assessment 4
Criteria Development
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Environmental Noise TOTAL
Strategies 4 Standards
$437.0
$163.3
$600.3
$843.3
$149.3
$992.6
$1,280.3
$312.6
$1,592.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Noise Standards
Development
Noise Control
Technology Assessment 4
Criteria Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
8.2
13.0
21.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Noise Standards
Development
Noise Control
Technology Assessment 4
Criteria Development
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.5
17.9
27.4
N-4
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
NOISE
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Environmental Noise Strategies X Standards N-7
Noise Standards Development , N-7
Noise Control Technology Assessment & Criteria Development N-7
Noise Program Implementation , N-8
N-6
-------
NOISE
Environmental Noise Strategies and Standards
Budget Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the Noise Program in
1982, no resources are requested for 1984.
Program Description
This program has been phased-out.
NOISESTANDARDSDEVEIOPMENT
1984 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program in 1984.
1983 Program
No resources were requested for this program In 1983.
1982 Accomplvshments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $600,300 for this program, of which $437,000
was for Salaries and Expenses and $163,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance. The program focused on regulatory phase-out operations, Including the clear-
ing of an incomplete regulatory agenda. Noise studies and more than a half-million
publications were sent to States and localities for their use. Also, fifty-six
on-site visits were made to State and local governments to provide technical
assistance in strengthening their noise control programs.
NOISE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT
t
1984 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program in 1984.
1983 Program
No resources were requested for this program 1n 1983.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 5992,600 for this program, of which $843,300 was
for Salaries and Expenses and $149,300 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
During 1982, the Agency concentrated on the completion of phase-out activities.
Health effects research studies as well as technology research projects were either
completed or transferred to other agencies for continuation. The results of final
studies were made available to the scientific community and also to other Federal,
State, and local governments for incorporation In their noise control efforts.
N-7
-------
NOISE
Noise Program Implementation
Budget Request
Consistent with the Agency's decision to phase-out the Noise Program in 1982,
no resources are requested for 1984.
Program Description
This program has been phased-out.
NOISE CONTROL^IMPLEMENTATION ANDEVALUATION
1984 Program Reques t
No resources are requested for this program in 1984.
1983Program
No resources were requested for this program in 1983.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $28,400 for this program, all of which was for
Abatement, Control and Compliance. Contract funds supported completion of the
phase-out of the Noise Program.
-------
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Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL .PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paoe
INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH « DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Program 1-6
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Federal Agencies Compliance & NEPA Compliance* , 1-18
NEPA Compliance 1-19
Federal Agencies Compliance..., 1-20
New Source EIS Preparation. , 1-20
Accelerated Review and Permitting , I.-22
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-24
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-27
Technical Support - Office of Legal 4 Enforcement Counsel. 1-29
Enforcement Policy 4 Operations... 1-30
1-1
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1983 1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 Y.S 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Interdisciplinary
$10,243.6 515,437.6 $17,573.5 $18,244.1 S670.6
$2,142.5 $2,709,8 52,909.8 $7,049.4 $4,139.6
54,542.8 $2,590.7 $3,452.6 $16,042.1 $12,589.5
$16,928.9 $20,738.1 $23,935.9 $41,335.6 $17,399.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
200.2
243.9
$6,616.0
310.3
363.7
$350.0
325.6
388.8
$1,707.0
353.4 27.8
396.5 7.7
$663.0 -$1,044.0
1-2
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary program is com-
posed of several activities that cut across programmatic lines and are not readily
assignable to a specific media. These programs address environmental concerns
that affect several media and require an interdisciplinary approach. The Inter-
disciplinary program includes the Intermedia research program within the Research
and Development function, the Federal Agencies Compliance and National Environ-
mental Policy Act (NEPA) Compliance programs within the Abatement and Control func-
tion, and components of the Legal and Enforcement Counsel program within the En-
forcement function.
The goals of the Intermedia research program are to; (1) identify and assess
long-term scientific trends and problems; (2) advance the state-of-the-art of the
Agency's scientific base; (3) develop defensible methods to improve the Agency's
ability to perform cost benefit analyses of major regulations; and (4) effectively
communicate the technical and scientific information the Office of Research and
Development (QRD) has developed.
The Federal Agencies Compliance program accomplishes statutory objectives
under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); Section 309
of the Clean Air Act; and Executive Order 12088 - Federal Compliance with Pollu-
tion Control Standards. These laws require EPA to review and comment on proposed
actions of other Federal agencies to ensure that public health and the environment
are protected. In addition, Executive Order 12088 directs the Agency to: (1) pro-
vide technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that their
facilities comply with pollution control requirements in a cost-effective and
timely manner; (2) monitor all Federal facilities compliance with applicable pollu-
tion control requirements; (3) assist Federal agencies and the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) in developing budgetary plans for controlling pollution at Federal
facilities; and (4) resolve disputes regarding Federal facilities violation of
pollution control requirements through the administrative mechanism provided by
the Order. The name of this program element was changed from Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) Review because Federal Agencies Compliance is more descriptive of
the range of Federal agency projects and actions subject to review.
The NEPA Compliance program element is responsible for preparing its own
Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) or alternatively, determining Findings of
No Significant Impact, on National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System per-
mitting and municipal wastewater treatment grant actions to assure that new
facilities with federal involvement are planned, constructed and operated pursuant
to Section 511 (c) of the Clean Water Act and NEPA.
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides'consistent direction to EPA en-
forcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the Overall quality of EPA enforce-
ment* To accomplish these goals, it establishes strategies, priorities, policies,
and procedural guidelines so that enforcement actions are properly selected and
prepared, and 1t assures that these policies are correctly implemented by the
media enforcement programs and Regional offices. It conducts all legal case
development, litigation, and adjudicatory hearing activities for media enforcement
programs; this includes oversight of evidence gathering, preparation and manage-
ment of cases, and referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.
A special thrust in this subactivity is the Agency's criminal investigations effort.
The program will investigate, prepare, and refer cases involving criminal violations
of environmental statutes. Investigators and attorneys will provide support to
the Department of Justice during subsequent investigation and litigation of th'ese
cases.
1-3
-------
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (KEIC) in Denver provides
specialized technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation
activities. NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex In-
vestigations that have a national impact on EPA and State regulatory programs. In
1984, resources at NEIC are focused on support of litigation and criminal investi-
gations, Previous responsibilities in compliance-related technical assistance have
been returned to the media program offices as appropriate.
1-4
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH i DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Program : , ,,., 1-6
.1-5
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Program
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE
1984
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$2,015.2 $1,622.0
$4,542.8 $2,590.7
$6,558.0 $4,212.7
Technical Information
Liaison
Salaries X Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
$2,015.2
$4,542.8
$1,622.0
$2,590.7
$1,798.1 $374.3 -$1,423.8
$2,590.7 $15,173.9 512,583.2
$4,388.8 $15,548.2 $11,159.4
$1,700.3 $1,727.2 $26.9
$861.9 $868.2 $6.3
$2,562.2 $2,595.4 $33.2
$3,498.4 $2,1:01.5 -$1,396.9
$3,452.6 $16,042.1 $12,589.5
Intermedia Program TOTAL $6,558.0 $4,212.7 $6,951.0 $18,143.6 511,192.6
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Technical Information 8
Liaison
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
27.0
27.0
12.1
12.1
16.5
16.9
33.4
5.5 -11.0
17.0 .1
22.5 -10.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Exploratory Research
Core Program
Technical Information S
Liaison
TOTAL WORKYEARS
35.2
35.2
16.0
16.0
20.4
28.5
48.9
7.4 -13.0
28.6
.1
36.0 -12.9
1-6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Milestones T_g82 1983 1984
Implement and Manage the
Exploratory Research Program
- Develop a long-range strategy 9/83 9/84
Issue revised Grants program
solicitation 9/82 9/83 9/84 (N.SF)
- Evaluate effectiveness of university 6/83
Centers program
- Complete updating and documentation 9/82
of Residual Accounting Model
- Complete series of special
assessments
- Sun Belt Study 4/82 4/83
- Mini-Assessments 6/83
- Region I Outlook 8/83
- Biotechnologies 9/83
- Biological Trend Monitoring 9/83
- Industrial Outlook 9/82 9/83
Develop and Validate Economic
Benefit Methodologies
- Survey and assessment of methods for 7/83
.determining the benefits of toxic
substances and hazardous waste
control
- Reoorts on improved metho'ds for 8/84
valuing the economic benefits of
health risk valuation
Disseminate Technical Information/
Technology to States and Localities
- Handbook on Remedial Actions at Waste
Disposal Sites 6/82
- Process Design Manual: Oewatering of
Municipal Wastewater Sludges 9/82
- Handbook for Indentification and
Correction of Typical Publicly Owned
Treatment Works' (POTW) Design
Deficiencies 4/82
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia
Major Qutptits_/M'f1 estgnes
- Manual: Managing Asbestos in Schools
and Other Public Buildings
- Process Design Manual: Land
Applications of Sludge
- Safety and Health Reference
Manual for Hazardous Waste Sites
- Manual on Ground Water Management
of Public Water Supplies Threatened
by Contamination.
- Handbook on Volatile Organic Com-
pound Monitoring Guidelines
- Dissemination of capsule reports on
Post-Construction Evaluations of
Innovative Technology Projects
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
.8/83
6/83
12/83
12/83
Estimate
1984
12/83
12/83
9/84
9/84
1-8
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Program
BUDGET REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $18,143,600 and 22.5 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $11,192,600 and a decrease of.10.9 permanent workyears from
1983. Included in this total is $2,101,500 for Salaries and Expenses and 516,042,100
for Research and Development, with a decrease of $1,396,900 and an increase of
$12,589,500, respectively. This is not an increase in the total budget; rather, it
reflects consolidation of the Exploratory Grants and Centers resources into the
Intermedia program; the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers will continue at
the 1983 level of funding in 1984. The decrease reflects a reduction in the explo-
ratory research core program.
Program Descriptipn
The role of the Intermedia research program is to: (1) identify and assess
long-term scientific trends and problems; (2) advance the state-of-the-art of the
Agency's scientific knowledge in basic research; (3) develop defensible methods to
inprove the Agency's ability to perform cost-benefit analyses of major regulations;
and (4) effectively communicate the technical and scientific information the Office
of Research and Development (ORD) has developed. The program achieves this through
the following objectives:
Ob jectiyel^ _ Implement and Manage the Expl oratory Research Program-. Th e
purpose of this objective Tjf fo support Sission-orfentedj Iong-term research
designed to strengthen the Agency's environmental science and engineering base
through grants to individual investigators and through multidiscipline university
Research Centers.
Objective 2. Develop and Validate Economic Benefit Methodologies, The pur^
pose of this objective is to provide tha Agency with the methodological capability
to estimate the economic benefits of pollution control measures, one of the re-
quirements of Executive Order 12291. The Order requires cost-benefit analyses of
most major Federal regulations, including documentation as to whether or not bene-
fits of proposed regulations exceed the costs. Additionally, Agency statutes, such
as the Clean Water Act, require research to develop tools and techniques for meas-
uring the social and econamic benefits of environmental policies and prograns.
Objective 3. Manage Technical ^ Information Products. The purpose of this
objective is to manage o"RD's technical information products. ORD's Center for
Environmental Research Information (CERI) tracks, processes, and distributes all
ORD reports; develops special reports as needed; and produces all ORD project
summaries and reviews them for policy implications.
Objective 4. Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States ajic[
Localities. The purpose of this^objective is to disseminate PRO's tecnnicaTTnTdr^
mation products. This activity includes the design, production, quality control,
and distribution of ORD's technology transfer efforts.
Objective 5. Manage the Peer and Administrative Review Control System." The
purpose of this objective is to develop and manage ah OrtO pollcy" for peer and
administrative review that Is consistent with Agency policy and to monitor the
implementation of the policy.
1-9
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EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 515,548,200 and 5.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $374,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $15,173,900 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of SI, 423, 800 and an increase
of S12,583,20Q, respectively. A decrease results from management changes in the
Exploratory Research program and a reduction in economic benefits research.
Because of these management changes we have been able to eliminate Salaries and
Expenses and workyears in the Exploratory Research Grants Program and to eliminate
the strategic assessment function. The increase occurs because we have consoli-
dated all Exploratory Research resources in this media in 1984. We will fund the
Exploratory Grants and Centers at the same level in 1984 as in 1983.
Implement and Manage the Exploratory Research Program. During 1984 the focus
for the program will continue .to be research grants and our eight academic Research
Centers. However, the Agency will institute management changes to improve the
Exploratory Research program. These changes should result 1n an Exploratory
Research program that is better focused on our long-range needs in a way that more
effectively meets these priorities. The Agency will (1) concentrate on developing
a long-term research strategy; (2) align our grants program with the National
Science Foundation's (NSF) basic environmental research program; and (3) strengthen
our management of, and the role of, the Centers to assure that they are meeting
our needs. The Agency feels that it must clearly tie both the Grants and the
Centers programs to a long-range strategy 1n order for the programs to be effective.
In the future we want to assure that both of these programs are clearly connected
to a long-range strategy.
In 1984, the Agency will use the Grants program to support research that will
advance the state-of-the-art in critical areas identified in the long-range stra-
tegy. Because these areas require basic research, the Agency believes NSF, with
its background and ongoing programs, is the appropriate locus for this component
of our program. The Agency will therefore manage the program in conjunction with
NSF. The Agency will transfer $4,000,000 to NSF in 1984 for new grants. The
Agency will work closely with NSF to assure that these grants are tailored to our
long-range strategy. To provide for an orderly transition of the program, we
will retain $6,000,000 in 1984 to complete existing grants.
The Agency will also institute changes to the management of the Research
Centers, based on the results of 1983 evaluations of the Centers. Additionally,
the Agency will conduct a comprehensive review of the three Centers that are com-
pleting their first five years of operation. For all of the Centers the program
will emphasize increased interaction with ORD laboratories and the Agency pro.gram
offices and dissemination of the results of research initiated during 1981-1983.
The eight Centers (funding at approximately $420,000 per Center) and their principal
research areas are:
(1) The Ultimate Waste^ Ejimj"3^1'0" Center (Illinois Institute of Technology and
the Uni ve.rsi ty of Notre "(Jaine) conducts '" "re sea re h on innovative/cost-effective
process modifications to reduce industrial pollutants.
(2) The Intermedia Transport Center '{University of California at Los Angeles)
is working on the definition of chemical /physical processes governing pollutant
exchange at air-land and air-water boundaries.
(3) The Ecosystem Center (Cornell University) is identifying and applying
ecosystem principles to environmental management problems.
1-10
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(4) TheMarine Center (University of Rhode Island) is conducting research on
measurenientahcf assessment of marine ecosystem health, emphasizing exposure
of marine organisms to toxics.
(5) The AdvancedControl Technology Center (University of Illinois, Urbana)
conducts 'research ' in "the areas~~of 'separation technology, thermal destruction,
biological separation, and chemical detoxification.
(60 The Ground Water_Center (a consortium of the University of Oklahoma,
Ok1 ahoma State Oniv e rsi ty, and Rice University) conducts research on subsur-
face characterization, transport and fate, and ground water horizon modeling.
(7.0 The Epidemiology Center (University of Pittsburgh) conducts research on
basic epidemiology methods'and airborne particulate health effects.
(8.0 The Hazardous Waste Center (Louisiana State University) conducts research
on the design', coni struct! on ^maintenance, operation, and closure of hazardous
waste landfills.
The Agency sees no need to continue the strategic assessments program. We
feel that the focus of a long-range strategy and a comprehensive review of our
long-range needs will adequately fulfill this function. We intend to work more
closely with Agency program offices and ORD laboratories in preparing the strategy.
Additionally, we will welcome comment by the outside scientific community.
The minority institutions and national environmental workforce programs are
the responsibility of this program. They will continue at the same level of effort
in 1984 as 1983.
Develop and Validate Economic Benef.it Kethodologies. In 1984, this program
will continue eFfcirts fo develop imp roved" methodologies and validate existing
methodologies and associated data required by the Agency to estimate the economic
benefits of proposed regulations and programs, the work initiated in 1983 for
validation of methodologies and development of new and improved methodologies will
continue. Close program office involvement will insure selection of methodological
developments and validations useful to regulatory Impact analyses.
The 1984 program will emphasize completion of work started in 1982 and 1983,
including improved methods and validation of methods for ozone and 1-ead control.
These methods will enable the Agency to make health damage estimates for air pollu-
tants using econometric approaches, value the economic benefits of health risk
reduction, determine the boating and swimming benefits of freshwater pollution
control, estimate recreational benefits of marine water pollution control, and use
contingent valuation techniques for water pollution benefit estimation.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,388,800 and 16.5 permanent
workyears to this program, of which SI,798,100 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 32,590,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Imp!ement and Manage the Exploratory Research Program. During 1983, the
Agency will plan for the reorientation or~the program that wi11 occur in 1984. Me
will be working on a long-range strategy in 1983. The Grants program will -focus
on the completion of existing grants and the development of plans and procedures
for the transfer of the program to MSF in order to enable NSF to focus future
grants to Agency needs. The Centers program continues to provide coordination of
the Agency's eight Exploratory Research Centers. Activities include pronoting
increased Agency involvement in Center program planning, insuring appropriate
interaction among Centers, and communicating results. Recommendations based on
the effectiveness review of the Centers program are being completed in 1983,
1-11
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Projects to support the Strategic Assessments program in 1983 include a seminar
series on environmental implications of biotechnologies, analyses of long-term
trends that focus on issues of regional concern, and analyses of emerging trends
in United States industries. Since this is the final year of the program, the
Agency will prepare for an orderly close-out of the program.
Deyelop and Validate Economic BenefitMethodologies. This program conducts
methodological research designed to enable the Agency to better estimate the eco-
nomic benefits of pollution abatement and control alternatives and other environ-
mental decisions. The program concentrates its research activities in three major
areas: methodology development, methodology validation, and special studies.
Close interaction and cooperation with Agency program offices are emphasized.
The program is substantially expanded In 1983 to meet the need for improved methods
imposed by the Executive Order,
(1) Methodology Development and Validation: Current research programs are
seeking to develop innovative methodologies designed to provide improved
water and air benefits estimates and alternate methodologies to estimate
benefits of land disposal regulations for hazardous wastes. Validation
research is being designed to test the utility of applicable economic benefits
estimation methodology.
(2) Special Studies: This program focuses on economic research issues of spe-
cial concerntothe Agency. These include projects designed to inventory and
assess economic benefits research in areas such as economic risk valuation;
to .carry out research on technical issues of portraying confidence limits and
uncertainty in benefit estimates, and to improve techniques for determining
the valuation of morbidity and mortality.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net 1ncrea.se of +$176,100 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. ( + $116,300) This increase includes + S116.300 of the
Salaries and Elxpe'rises; affd-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time
workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogrammings. (+$59,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are .not reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammings limitations. These changes resulted in a net
Increase of +359,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the A.gency obligated a total of .56,558,000 for this program, of which
52,015,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,542,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Imp 1 emen t an d Hana ge the Exp 1 oratory Re search P rogram. The Agency continued
its managemeht of the Exploratory Grants program. A formal solicitation for grants
was issued. Proposals were reviewed and funded based on scientific merit and
relevance to Agency objectives.. A .series of seminars was conducted where grantees
presented their project results to peers,'1 Agency specialists, and interested public.
A Hazardous Waste Research Center at Louisiana State University was initiated
in 1982 as part of the Exploratory Research Centers program. This Center studies
the design, construction, maintenance, operation, and closure of hazardous waste
landfills and facilities.. Research also includes .remedial activities related to
the problems unique to spills and other emergency /situations. A major review of
the Centers program began in 1982 to detemri-ne the effectiveness of existing
Centers.
1-12
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The 1982 Strategic Assessment and Special Studies program produced the follow-
ing outputs: (1) revised and updated an analysis of future emission trends for
use in the Environmental Outlook report; !2) conducted eight special assessments
of selected emerging or future environmental problems; (3) completed an analysis
of problems in the Sun Belt region; (4) reported on future problems resulting from
changes in United States industry; (5) conducted a seminar series on issues associ-
ated with riskrbenefit computations; (6) continued the Summer Fellows program;
and (7) conducted a program review of environmental indicators' efforts (including
the Mussel Watch and Pilot Specimen Bank programs).
The minority institutions research support program moved closer to completing
its objective in 1982. In order to continue to promote the participation of minority
institutions in the Grants program, the Agency established an Ombudsman function
to aid eligible institutions in competing more effectively within the Agency's
Exploratory Research Grants program.
The 1982 national environmental workforce program continued to provide sup-
port to the Agency. This program established a volunteer senior environmental
assistance program in support of State environmental agency workforce needs, con-
tinued to promote the use of senior citizens working for the Agency through the
senior environmental employment program, developed three additional minority re-
search apprenticeship programs, and developed and managed an estimated 20 grants
for academic training.
Develop and Validate Economic Benefit Methodologies. The 1982 economic bene-
fits research program was substantially revised to focus on data development and
methods validation of particular use in carrying out the most urgent studies re-
quired by Executive Order 12291, which requires cost-benefit analysis of most
major Federal regulations. In 1982, the program emphasized improved methodologies
for determining the benefits of water pollution control regulations, for determining
the benefits of revised ambient air standards (particularly lead and ozone), and
for assessing the methods available to determine the benefits of hazardous and
toxic waste control. Some of the methods and data developed on economic benefits
of air pollution control are being used in regulatory impact analyses for revisions
of air ambient standards. The program also completed a major study of the benefits
of improved visibility in the Eastern United States t.o determine the benefits of
related ambient standards.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 32,595,400 and 17.0 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $1,727,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and $868,200 is for
Research and Development. This reflects an increase of $26,900 and 56,300 respec-
tively, which supports high priority technology transfer activities. Beginning in
1983, the Agency has consolidated resources for this function in the Interdiscipli-
nary media because the function cuts across all media. Prior to 1983, the resources
were spread across all media.
Manage Technical Information Products. The Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) is and will continue to be the central point for all ORD infor-
mation products. CERI will track, process, and distribute all ORD reports, develop
special reports as needed, produce all ORD project summaries, and review project
summaries for policy implications. CERI's product management activities will fall
into three major areas: (1) processing reports and journal articles for submission
to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS); (2) reviewing and processing
project summaries; and (3) printing, warehousing, and distributing ORO information
products. In 1984, CERI plans to process approximately 850 Project Reports and
250 journal articles to NTIS. It will also process approximately 800 project
1-13
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summaries and 40 other reports. CERI will continue to process special requests
for reports, respond to telephone inquiries, continue cost recovery charges for
project summaries and Technology Transfer reports, produce the regulatory program
oriented Research Summaries, and oversee development of the Congressionally-
mandated Research Outlook* The publications prepared and disseminated by the
program includedesignmanuals, technical capsule reports, seminar proceedings,
and handbooks. Specific activities are planned in such areas as: Oxidants. with
a series of workshops to provide information to help State and local official s
compliance monitor for sample organic compounds that are precursors to the forma-
tion of photochemical oxidants; Mu ri j c i p a 1 W a s tew a te r, with a manual on alternative
technology, costs, and risk benefit assessment data for selecting sludge disposal
methods; and Hazardous Waste/Superf u nd, with development of handbooks on assess-
ment of monitoringandtesting protocols for solid waste hazardous assessments
and technical alternatives for uncontrolled hazardous waste sites,
Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States and Localities. In re-
sponse torequests from the EPA programoffices and the needs expressed by the
Regions and the States, QRD continually disseminates the available technology to
States and localities to enable them to meet their regulatory responsibilities.
There are two primary tools used by the Technology Transfer Program to carry
out its mission: seminars and publications. Seminars are developed by a team
headed by a CERI staff member. This team normally includes both EPA and private
industry personnel who have expertise in the particular technical discipline
being addressed. The seminar presentations discuss the applicable regulations,
the multimedia pollution control technology available to meet the regulations and
the management/financial consideration in choosing optimum pollution control stra-
tegies,
Manage the Peer and Administrative Review Control System. ORD's primary mis^
sion Ts to provide" scientific information heede'd5y ffTe Agency to support its
regulatory and enforcement activities. In order to effectively accomplish this
mission, it is imperative that ORD maintain a credible scientific program, both
known to, and acknowledged by, our peers in the environmental, scientific, and
technical communities. As a part of that process for furthering the credibility
of EPA research and its results, EPA has instituted a review process for scientific,
informational, and educational documents to ensure that they are based on the best
scientific and technical evidence available. This process provides a clearly
defined route for the review and approval of the publications before their public
release. The goal is to establish clear Agency responsibility for literature
published in Its name and by its employees when they are acting in an official
capacity.
Within ORD, CERI has the responsibility for administering the process and
coordinating with the appropriate Agency personnel to insure a responsive and
effective peer review process. It is anticipated that 1,500 to 2,000 peer reviews
will be processed in 1984.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,562,200 and 16.9 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,700,300 Is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5861,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation.
Manage Technical Inf qnnationProducts. Product (Management Activities 'are
needed on a continuing basis; so, the TW3 Program is similar to that described
in the 1^984 program Request. In 1983, CERI is processing publications to NTIS, as
well as^processing and distributing project summaries and other reports. These
activities ensure that ORD's scientific and technical information products are
produced cost-effectively, controlled for quality, and distributed uniformly.
1-14
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Inquiries for reports are being answered; and, regulatory program oriented Research
Summaries and the Congressionany-mandated Resea re n Out!ook are being produced.
In addition, ORD is initiating cost recovery "charges for project summaries and for
Technology Transfer reports; CERI Is administering this process. All funds recov-
ered will be deposited into the Treasury general fund.
Pi sseminate Technical Information/TechnoTogy to States and local i ties.
Varioiis technology transfer products are being developed, suchas design manuals,
user's guides, handbooks, training seminars, and workshops. These are being pro-
duced in close cooperation with the program offices and the Regions (and often
involve participants from industry) and generally include discussion of regulations,
best available pollution control technologies, management and financial considera-
tions, and case histories of actual operations. Specific technology transfer
activities are being carried out in Hazardous Air Pollutants, Gases and Particles,
Water Quality, Municipal Wastewater, Industrial Wastewater, Drinking Water, Haz-
ardous Waste, and Toxics. Other research efforts receive support as requested
and as needs arise.
These activities provide State and local officials with the technical data
necessary to meet regulatory responsibilities.
Manage the Peer and Adroi'nistrative Review Control System. Currently, the im-
plementationof OftD's technical information policy, peer review policy, and public
information policy is being coordinated and monitored by CERI. The Director of
CERI advises the Director of the Office of Research Program Management and the
Assistant Administrator for ORD on particular Issues related to the above policies.
The 1983 program is similar to the 1984 request, as thes.e activities are required
on a continuing basis.
1983_Expl^nation of Changej from BudgetmEstimate
The net increase of +$2,562,200 results from the following action:
-Restructuring. (+52,555,200) The Congressional 1y approved restructuring
consolidated 13 TecTinical Information and Liaison program elements across media
into one Technical Information and Liaison program element, This allows for
a more accurate overall picture of the program activities. The change to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation was +51,693,300 and the change to the Research
and Development appropriation was +$861,900.
-Reprogranimin_gs. (+$7,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several repfogrammijig s were made to this activity which are not reportaple under
the Congressional reprogrammings limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$7,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomp1i shments
Since this program was not consolidated into the Interdisciplinary media
until 1983, resources for 1982 are contained within the individual media. The
1982 accomplishments of the program follow.
Manage Technical tInformation Products;. In 1982, CERI wa.s the central point
for aTT QRtTTntormatioh products. "' CERl'tracked, processed, and distributed all
ORD reports, developed special reports, produced all ORO project summaries and
reviewed the project summaries for policy implications. CERI processed 540 project
reports and 430 journal articles to NTIS. It also processed 475 project summaries
and 78 other reports. CERI responded to telephone inquiries, processed special
requests for reports, and produced the Research Outlook.
1-15
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Pi sgenri nate Technical I nformation/Technol qgy to States and J.pca1 i ti es. In
1982, CtFfIwas 1 nvo 1 ve
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Federal Agencies Compliance & NEPA Compliance 1-18
NEPA Cortipl iance 1-19
Federal Agencies Compliance , 1-20
New Source EIS Preparation. 1-20
Accelerated Review and Permitting...... 1-22
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-24
1-17
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Federal Agencies Compliance 4 NEPA Compliance
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
NEPA Compliance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Federal Agencies
Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
New Source EIS
Preparation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control <5
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control <5
Compliance
Federal Agencies
Compliance 4 NEPA
Corapl iance
TOTAL
52,006.8 $1,786.5
TOTAL $2,006.8 SI, 786.5
TOTAL
$362.7
$315.0
$677.7
$118.7
$869.8
$988.5
$2,369.5 $1,905.2
$315.0 $869.8
$3,090.7 $3,090.7
$6,563.9 $6,563.9
$9,654.6 $9,654.6
$1,834.0 $1,881.5 $47.5
$1,834.0 $1,881.5 $47.5
$123.4 -$123.4
$869.8 -$869.8
$993.2 -$993.2
$1,957.4 $4,972.2 $3,014.8-
$869.8 $6,563.9 $5,694.1
TOTAL $2,684.5 $2,775.0 $2,827.2 $11,536.1 $8,708.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
NEPA Compliance
Federal Agencies
Compliance
New Source EIS
Preparation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
56.8
10.2
67.0
46.8
3.0
49.8
46.8
3.0
49.8
69.7 69.7
46.8
-3.0
116.5
66.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
NEPA Compliance
Federal Agencies
Compliance
New Source EIS
Preparation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
58.6
11.0
69.6
48.0
3.0
5.1.0
48.0
3.0
51.0
72.2
48.0
120.2
72.2
-3.0
69.2
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Federal Agencies Compliance and .NEPA Compliance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,536,100 and 116.5 permanent workyears
for this program, of which 54,972,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $6,563,930 Is for the Abatement, Control *nd Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $8,708,900 and 66,7 permanent workyears from 1983
levels, reflecting the consolidation of New Source EIS Preparation and NEPA Com-
pliance Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Construction (previously funded
in the Water medium) into one comprehessive program element, NEPA Compliance.
Program Description
In previous years, this subactivity included the review of Federal agencies
actions and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) together with the preparation
of EISs for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits for new sources.
Beginning in 1964, activities and resources formerly associated with EIS Review
will be renamed and continued as Federal Agencies Compliance. Resources which
support New Source EIS Preparation activity are now reflected in the newly created
NEPA Compliance program element along with total resources from NEPA Compliance
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Construction (previously funded in the Water
medium).
NEPA Compliance Section 511(c) of the Clean Water Act requires EPA to pre-
pare TrwTronmental Impact Statements (EISs) or, alternatively, determine Findings
of No Significant Impact on National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (MPDES)
permitting and municipal wastewater treatment grant actions to assure facilities
are planned, constructed, and operated in conforiuance with the National Environ-
mental Policy Act (NEPA). These activities were previously budgeted separately
under the Interdisciplinary medium as New Source EIS Preparation and the Water
medium as NEPA Compliance Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Construction.
Federal Agencies Compliance <- Under the direction of the National Environmen-
tal Policy Act (NEPA), Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and Executive Order 12088
(Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards), activities for this program
include review and comment on EISs and on the environmental impact of any major
legislation, regulations or other actions proposed by other Federal agencies^ In
addition, under Executive Order 12088 and OMB Circular A-106, resources in this
program assist Federal agencies 1n; (1) identifying facilities needing pollution
control mechanisms; (2) determining the most cost-effective control; (3) developing
fiscal plans for installing needed abatement control technology; and (4) resolving
disputes surrounding facilities which are out of compliance.
New Source E.IS Preparation -- EPA is responsible for preparing its own EISs
or, alternatively, determining F1ndings of No Significant Impact on National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System permitting to ensure that new facilities are
planned, constructed, and operated pursuant to Section 511(c) of the Clean Water
Act and NEPA» For 1984, New Source EIS preparation activities are included In the
newly created program element, NEPA Compliance.
NEPA COMPLIANCE , '
1984 j^rogranv Jecjuest
The Agency requests a total of $9,654,600 and 69,7 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,090,700 is for the "Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,563,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
program expects to initiate 46 EISs and related studies in 1984. EPA will focus
on assuring that effective environmental assessments are keyed to specific issues
and on preparing credible and defensible Findings of No Significant Impact.
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1983 Program
No resources are allocated to this program in 1983. Resources for these
activities were budgeted in NEPA Compliance Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility
Construction in the Water media and New Source EIS Preparation in the Inter-
disciplinary media.
1983 Explanation of Changesfrom Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
No resources were allocated to this program in 1982. Resources for these
activities were budgeted in NEPA Compliance Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility
Construction in the Water media and New Source EIS Preparation in the Inter-
disciplinary media.
FE DE RAL AGENCI E_S C OMPLI AN CE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,881,500 and 46.8 permanent wortcyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $47,500 and no change in permanent workyears from 1983
levels for these activities. This program expects to review and comment on 550
draft and 200 final EISs. In addition, the Agency will place increased emphasis
on advice to Federal agencies on control methods and requirements, compliance
monitoring, and dispute resolutions.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,834,000 and 46.8 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. EPA will continue to identify and resolve environmental concerns at an
early stage in the project development process. The program expects to review
over 400 draft and 200 final EISs.
1983 Explanation of _Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$47,500 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (+547,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +547,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accpmpli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,006,800 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, The program placed emphasis
on identifying and resolving environmental concerns at an early stage in the pro-
ject development process. In addition, it reviewed and commented on over 500 draft
and 400 final Environmental Impact Statements.
NEW SOURCE EIS PREPARATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program element in 1984. The acti-
vities performed under this program element have been restructured and are now
included in the newly created NEPA Compliance program element.
1-20
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 5993,200 and 3.0 permanent work-
years for this program, of which $123,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $869,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1983 resources reflect the shift away from initiating new EISs and toward complet-
ing those already jin progress. The program expects to complete one draft and five
final EISs in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +54,700 results from the following action:
-Reprogramiiiing's. (+$4,700) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net In-
crease of +54,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompli.shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5667,700 for this program, of which
5362,700 was for Salaries and Expenses and 5315,000 was for Abatement, Control and
Compliance. The Agency completed six draft and six final EISs,
1-21
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Accelerated Review & Permitting
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Accelerated Review &
Permitting
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
TOTAL :
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
$1,263.2 $1,805.4 $1,759.5
$1,688.4 $1,600.0 $1,600.0
TOTAL $2,951.6 $3,405.4 S3.359.5
SI,263.2 $1,805.4 $1,759.5
$1,688.4 $1,600.0 $1,600.0
Accelerated Review & TOTAL $2,951.6 $3,405.4 $3,359.5
Permitting
-$1,769.5
-$1,600.0
-$3,359.5
-$1,759.5
-$1,600.0
-$3,359.5
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Accelerated Review &
Permitting
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
25.5
25.5
30.6
.30.6
30.6
30.6
-30.6
-30.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Accelerated Review &
Permitting
TOTAL WORKYEARS
40.0
40.0
49.3
49.3
48.9
48.9
-48.9
-48.9
1-22
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Accelerated Review and Permitting
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1984. This represents
a decrease of $3,359,500 and 30.6 permanent workyears from 1983 levels.
ProgramDescription
This program contains the resources for the Accelerated Review and Permitting
program. It expedites development of energy-related and other important projects
in an environmentally sound manner by augmenting, when necessary, the resources of
EPA's permitting, Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) review, and EIS preparation
programs.
ACCELERATED REVIEW AND PERMITTING
1984 Program Request
The Agency 1s not requesting funding for this activity 1n 1984 because the
anticipated workload for accelerated permitting has not materialized. This repre-
sents a decrease of $3,359,500 and 30,6 permanent workyears from 1983 levels.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,359,500 and 30.6 permanent
workyears for this program, of wh^ch $1,759,5130 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,600,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. The program 1s continuing to develop and Implement streamlined proce-
dures for environmental review and permit Issuance. Most of these efforts are
concentrated on accelerated permit Issuance for complex development projects.
1983 Explanation of Changesfrom Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$45,900 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammino. s. (-$45,900) During the development of the operating .plan,
several re p r o g r arrant n g s were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammtng limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$45,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982;Accomplishments
In 198?, the Agency obligated a total of $2,951,600 for this program, of
which $1,263,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,688,400
was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The program was in
its second year and emphasized development of streamlined permit review procedures
and environmental assessment at an early stage 1n project development.
1-23.
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
Abatement Control i
Compliance
TOTAL
$110.0
S 110.0
$200.0
$200.0
-S200.0
-$200.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
TOTAL
$110.0
$110.0
$200.0
$200.0
-$200.0
-$200.0
1-24
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984. We feel that
the program has accomplished its objectives. Many academic institutions have now
established environmental science programs; and, the number of .students trained in
this discipline has substantially increased.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 3200,000 to this program within
the Office of Research and Development (ORD), all of which is under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The program continues to support academic
training through fellowships and training grants.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$200,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+5200,000) The Congressional add-on to this activity
of +$200,000"'to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation was for the
academic training program.
v
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $110,000 to this program within
ORD, all of which was under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program funded 20 training grants and fellowships.
1-25
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-27
Technical Support - Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel 1-29
Enforcement Policy & Operations.. J-30
1-26
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Technical Support -
Office of Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $3,489.6 $3,241.0 $3,241.0 S3,041.7 -$199.3
Abatement Control S $29.1 S4Q.O S40.0 S285.5 S245.5
Compliance
TOTAL $3,518.7 $3,281.0 $3,281.0 $3,3.27.2 S46.2
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Salaries & Expenses $1,084.6 $6,864.0 $7,117.2 $8,128.7 $1,011.5
Abatement Control & $200.0 $200.0 $200.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,084.6 $7,064.0 $7,317.2 $8,328.7 $1,011.5
TOTAL:
Salaries S Expenses $4,574.2 $10,105.0 $10,358.2 $11,170.4 $812.2
Abatement Control & $29.1 $240.0 $240.0 $485.5 $245.5
Compliance
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL $4,603.3 $10,345,0 $10,598.2 $11,655.9 $1,OS7.7
Technical Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Technical Support - 66.8 65.2 65.2 51.0 -14.2
Office of Legal S
Enforcement Counsel
Enforcement Policy & 13.4 152.6 146.6 163.4 16.8
Operations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 80.2 217.8 211.8 214.4 2.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Support - 81.5 79.8 79.3 63.4 -15.9
Office of Legal 4
Enforcement Counsel
Enforcement Policy & 17.1 167.6 160,7 176.9 16.2
Operations
TOTAL WORKYEARS 98.6 247,4 240.0 240.3 .3
1-27
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 511,655,900 and 214.4 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $1,057,700 and 2.6 permanent workyears from 1983. Included
in this total is $11,170,400 for Salaries and Expenses and $485,500 for Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance, with increases of 5812,200 for Salaries and Ex-
penses and 5245,500 for Abatement, Control, an.d Compliance. An Increase In
workyears for civil an.d criminal litigation efforts in Enforcement Policy and
Operations is substantially offset by a decrease in the technical support pro-
gram due to a transfer of compliance technical support to the appropriate program
offices.
ProgramDescription
Technical Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel ~ The National
Enforcement InvestigationsCenter (NlElC) fs the primary source of specialized
technical support for the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) for
specific case development activities for all media. .NE1C provides Headquarters
and Regional offices with technical support for litigation development in nationally
managed cases; cases with precedential implications; criminal cases; cases with
multi-regional impacts; cases involving unique technological requirements and
complexity; and cases which exceed a Region's capability and resources. NEIC
plans, develops, and provides technical assistance, information and interpretations
for civil and criminal case preparations involving: the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA); the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); the Clean water Act
and other water pollution control legislation; the Clean Air Act; the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (F1FRA); and regulatory aspects of
other environmental legislation, statutes and executive orders.
Enforcement Policy and Operations -- This program element comprises the legal
aspects of Agency enforcement programs in all non-Superfund media. It is comprised
of Headquarters and Regional resources and personnel which provide for the develop-
ment and implementation of legal enforcement policy and procedures. This includes
the direction of legal enforcement activities of the Agency including the initia-
tion and conduct of civil and criminal litigation as appropriate. Full legal
enforcement support services are provided to media compliance programs in accordance
with specific media priorities and compliance monitoring activities.
Efforts are coordinated with the Office of Deputy General Counsel and Regional
Counsel staff attorneys to assure consistency of interpretation and application of
the law. Litigation activities are conducted in cooperation with the Department
of Justice (DOJ), Technical support is provided by the National Enforcement In-
vestigations Center (NElC) in Denver, Colorado and individual media and regional
offices. States are encouraged to resolve compliance problems whenever possible
with Agency assistance as appropriate.
The Agency enforcement strategy is results oriented. Environmentally sig-
nificant violations are pursued vigorously in a certain, timely, predictable, and
fair manner. Health and safety related violations will continue to receive over-
riding priority attention.
Environmental problems resulting from improper waste disposal practices will
be of high'priority and appropriate statutes and sanctions will be brought to bear
to resolve compliance problems in the most effective way. For all media, problems
of initial and/or continuing compliance by major sources will be addressed with
appropriate legal enforcement responses. Instances of non-compliance with judi-
cial orders or consent decrees also will receive attention. Criminal sanctions
will be considered for the most significant and indefensible forms of environmental
misconduct.
1-28
-------
TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF LEGAL AND ENFORCEMENT ..COUNSEL
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 13,327,200 and 51.0 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $46,200 and a decrease of 14.2 permanent workyears from
1983. Included in this total is $3,041,700 for Salaries and Expenses an.d $285,500
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents a decrease in Salaries and
Expenses of $199,300 related to workyear reductions and an increase of $245,500 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance for contract funds to support litigation and
evidence audit activities. The decrease reflects a refocusirtg of efforts to meet
the needs of the Agency's legal case preparation activity. Previous technical
efforts in support of non-litigation activities such as quality assurance and
sample analysis for pesticides and toxics have been transferred and are provided
for in the specific media requests as appropriate. This budget subactivity com-
prises the activities of the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) at
Denver, Colorado.
The NEIC operates in an integrated multimedia mode in support of Agency en-
forcement priorities. In 1984 it will respond to Headquarters., Regional, and
State requests for assistance in instances where specialized technical needs are
required.
In the air enforcement program, NEIC will support civil litigation activity
resulting from the December 31, 1982 Clean Air Act deadlines and from compliance
dates contained in existing consent decrees. Support will also be provided to
litigation cases regarding noncompllance with National Emissions Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NE5HAPS) and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS).
In the water program, the NEIC will assist in the evaluation of operations
and maintenance problems preparatory to litigation where complex technological
factors require intensive or prolonged evaluation or precedents are involved. As
available, NEIC will provide technical support to adjudicatory hearings on National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and Best Available Technology (BAT)
permits.
The Center's assistance in hazardous waste will emphasize case preparations
at the larger or more complex sites where significant violations are identified
through Regional media compliance monitoring. Priority will be given to case
preparations of precedential or deterrent value.
In support of litigation case development in the pesticides enforcement pro-
gram, NEIC will conduct major mass application misuse investigations exceeding
State and Regional resource capabilities. NEIC's activity in the toxics enforce-
ment program will involve cases arising from violations in reporting, record-keep-
ing, storage, handling, testing, and violations of chemical control rules for toxic
substances.
In the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, $285,500 will support
litigation by providing expert witnesses, technical and laboratory expertise,
and evidence audit activities,
1983 Program
For 1983 the Agency is .allocating a total of $3,.281,000 and 65.2 permanent
workyears to this program of which $3,2*1,000 1s for Salaries and Expenses and
$40,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In the Stationary and Mobile air programs, ease preparation activities and
technical support to enforcement actions are continuing. Sample permits and emis-
sions monitoring protocols and requirements are being developed and testing for
violations of National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) is
continuing. Tampering and defect surveys are also continuing. Water program
1-29
-------
compliance evaluations and performance audit inspections, multimedia inspections,
evaluations of remaining major publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) suspected of
noncompliance, and continuing technical support and case preparation in major
national cases against municipal and industrial sources are continuing. Investiga^
tive and analytical capabilities for RCRA Section 7003 and radiological hazardous
waste evaluations and case preparations are continued, this .support includes
technical evaluation, case preparation, litigation support including testimony by
participants, participation in negotiations to consent decrees, and evidence audit
and quality assurance and case follow-up functions. Assistance is being provided
to conduct pesticide field investigations, evidence gathering, case preparations,
use observations, overview monitoring for FIFRA Section 18 exemptions, and tech'
nical assistance and training of State pesticide inspectors. Technical and ana-
lytical support continues for TSCA case development, quality assurance, evidence
audit, emergency response, and criminal investigations as well as developing TSCA
procedures for inclusion in multi-media inspection doctrines.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There wa.s no change to this program.
1982 Accojnpljirshments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3.,518,700 of which $3,489,600 was
for Salaries and Expenses and $29,100 was for extramural purposes under the Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This program provided technical
consultation and assistance in case preparation by performing background, recon-
naissance, and file review; field Investigations; laboratory analysis; data evalua-
tion; report preparation; permit writing expertise; technical testimony; and nego-
tiation of technical aspects of consent decrees. Specialized technical assistance
was provided to State and regional case development efforts in preparation and
analysis of high hazard samples.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,328,700 and 163.4 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $8,128,700 is for the Salaries and Expense appropriation
and 3200,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of 16.8 permanent workyears and $1,011,500 in Salaries and
Expenses from 1983. The increase is required in order to provide sufficient legal
support to projected civil and criminal litigation caseload.
The Agency's goal is to respond to instances of non-compliance in a timely,
quality, and consistent fashion. Developing, implementing, a.nd updating en-
forcement policies, guidelineSj and strategies tay the foundation for efforts
to meet thi s goal.
Enforcement operations include legal review of administrative orders and
notices of violation or non-compliancej provision of trial counsel to support
administrative proceedings; and preparation and management of civil and criminal
litigation. These efforts, supported by an automated docket and case tracking
system, produce the roare tangible results of a successful legal enforcement effort.
In 1984, the Agency expects to refer 154 civil actions to the Department of Justice
(DOJ). This level of litigation, which is an Increase of 95% over 1982 outputs,
confirms the Agency's aggressive pursuit of those violators who create the most
significant environmental problems.
1-30
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Efforts also include a centralized criminal investigations program that in-
cludes preliminary inquiries, investigations, referrals anc! post-referral support.
This effort is expected to yield 34 criminal referals to DOJ, a 70% increase over
1982 levels.
In the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, $200,000 is request-
ed for expert witnesses in support of litigation.
19.83 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,317,200 and 146.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 57,117,200 is for Salaries and Expenses
and $200,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation. This is the first full year of funding for this subactivity.
In 1983, efforts are being made to improve the overall quality and timeliness
of Agency legal activities in response to problems of non-compliance. Management
systems foster accountability and consistency of Agency enforcement actions through-
out the country. A prime management goal is to assure prompt resolution of identi-
fied cases of non-compliance.. Policies and procedures are reviewed as necessary
to achieve this goal and to assure certainty and predictability of Agency enforce-
ment responses. An automated docket and case tracking .system is used to help man-
age the enforcement processes of the Agency to avoid a backlog of enforcement
actions,
The legal resources allocated for 1983 are used to help select appropriate
enforcement responses to instances of non-compliance that are identified in various
State, locali and source reports, or through inspections and complaints, Likewise,
legal personnel initiate and provide trial counsel for administrative hearings
under the various statutes. Throughout the enforcement process, legal personnel
participate 1n or lead negotiations with sources to assure resolution of compliance
problems that are consistent with statutory requirements and national enforcement
policy. Resources provide for the legal review of and concurrence on certain admin-
istrative notices and enforcement orders and proposed administrative penalties.
Resources are also used for the development, initiation, and conduct of civil and
criminal litigation for all media. It is estimated that some 138 civil and 26
criminal actions will be referred to the Department of Justice in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$253,200 results from the following actions:
-Con£ressiona1 Action. (+$134,100) This increase includes +$134,100 of the
5a 1 aries and" £xpenS~es" ad3-5n which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time
workyears provided to the Agency.
-Reprogramnn'ngs. (+$119,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5119,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Acompli shments "
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of $1,084,60.0 for this program, a 1.1 of
which was for Salaries and Expenses. This was a new program as a result of" the
Agency reorganization which created the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
These resources were for start-up efforts of the new enforcement organization and
complemented the legal resources that were budgeted for in the various media pro-
grams. Examples of legal functions include the conduct of litigation and the
use of administrative sanctions where appropriate. In 1982, 79 civil and 20 crimi-
nal actions were referred to the Department of Justice.
1-31
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Technical Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1933
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
EPA Disaster Assistance
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Interdisciplinary
Technical Assistance
TOTAL
TOTAL
$21.5
$21.5
$21.5
$21.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
EPA Disaster Assistance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
.5
.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
EPA Disaster Assistance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.5
.5
1-32
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOX:IC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Chemical Testing & Assessment. TS-7
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies , , TS-23
Toxics Integration..',.... ,. TS^27
Chemica-1 Testing.. -. TS-29
Existing Chemical Review. TS-30
New Chenical Review TS-32
ENFORCEMENT.
Toxic Substances Enforcement,., ,.....-. TS-36
Toxic Substances Enforcement > TS-37
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants.. TS-39
TS-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 V.S 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compl iance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$32,694.1 533,852.3 -534,182.0 532,900.5 -31,281.5
$27,987.8 522,603.0 $22,603.0 $21,970.3 -$632.7
$22,030.9 512,148.7 512,876.8 $11,804.9 -$1,071.9
$82,712.8 $68,604.0 $69,661.8 $66,675.7 -$2,986.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
634.4 607.7 626.7 606.2 -20,5
729.5 687.7 706.9 683.2 -23.7
$82,211.0 $80,130.3 $79,915.0 571,368.0 -$8,547.0
553,646.0 $62,000.0 $62,000.0 -$62,000.0
TS-2
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND .STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances program .strategy is designed to produce a highly focused,
cost-effective program which will reduce unreasonable risk of harm to health and
the environment caused by potentially toxic chemicals. After an initial start-up
period, the five years prior to 1982, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) imple-
mentation has taken a firm direction. The 1984 strategy builds on this framework
and, through the identification of several major cross-cutting themes, estab-
lishes priorities across the various TSCA activities.
Program Improvements Continue
In 1984, resources will be focused on meeting and enforcing the statutory re-
quirements of TSCA and preventing the creation of backlogs. Efficiencies built
into the program in 1982 will have eliminated all backlogs in early 1984. These
efficiencies, as well as other anticipated changes in 1983, that will integrate
the various key sections of TSCA as they were originally intended, have been in-
corporated into the 1984 program and will result in higher productivity and in-
creased outputs with slightly fewer resources...
The Agency will continue to use both formal rulemaking and other nonregula-
tory risk reduction tools. We will develop, implement, and refine cost-effective
enforcement strategies that ensure compliance with formal and informal controls
at minimum cost. In addition, we will continue to initiate regulatory reform
activities aimed at minimizing Industry burdens in the areas of new and existing
chemicals, while maintaining health and environmental protection.
In 1984, all regulatory decisions will be supported with clearly articulated
and peer-reviewed scientific documentation. This will provide interested parties
with the rationale for EPA actions. Interaction with industry, small business,
labor and public interest groups will remain an established part of the decision-
making process.
Duplicative toxic substances regulatory efforts will be minimized by this
and other agencies, under different statutes, by pursuing a vigorous integration
effort. By using existing integration tools such as multi-media chemical strategy
work groups, we are better able to formulate national policy and make decisions on
toxic chemicals in a technically sound and consistent way.
Overall, the Agency's efforts focus on six broad program areas to achieve
environmental results. These programs include: review of new chemical substances
prior to manufacture; development of rules or negotiated agreements for testing of
chemicals by industry; risk assessments and control of existing chemicals; integra-
tion of agency chemical control; enforcement .of rules and orders issued .under TSCA;
and, a Research and Development program to support regulatory efforts. Throughout
the Tox.ic Substances program, these efforts are carried out in a variety of ways.
The major focus for the Chemical Integration program will be on work groups
that develop multi-media chemical strategies. The strategies developed by these
work groups help coordinate scientific assessments of the chemicals, determine
if control is necessary, and if so, under what statutethereby avoiding need-
less imposition of regulatory control. In 1984, the .Agency also plans to main-
tain and update tools for integration such as the Chemical Activity Status Report
and the Extramural Activity Report which provide comprehensive reports of chemi-
cal control activity in all media arvd support many other integration mechanisms.
In the Chemical Testing program, the Agency has shifted resources from the
test guidelines program, where the emphasis will be on the statutorily required
review and updating of guidelines, to the area of test data development. Resources
TS-3
-------
in the test data development area will support the audit of data developed on In-
teragency Testing Committee (ITC) designated chemicals. The shift away frora test
guidelines is possible because the major development stage, based on currently
available testing methods, is concluded.
Early in 1984, the Chemical Testing program will mark the completion of the
final 13 backlog chemicals designated for priority testing consideration by the
ITC as required by the court ordered schedule. A major effort will focus on re-
sponding to the ITC on the llth and 12th priority lists, within the one-year time
requirement, and preparing analysis to respond to the 13th and 14th lists. Testing
of chemicals previously designated by the ITC will begin to generate large quanti-
ties of test data to be reviewed for compliance with rules and agreements, and
referred to the Existing Chemical Review program for risk evaluation. Also in
1984, the Agency plans to develop proposed test rules or negotiated testing .agree-
ments oh chemicals of concern identified through the new and existing chemical
programs. The test rule program will provide a vital link between the new and
existing chemical programs.. When chemical classes of concern are identified in
the PMN program, the test rule program is used to obtain needed data on the related
classes of existing chemicals. Such action is necessary to ensure EPA activities
do not result in the substitution of equally or more hazardous products.
ExistingChemical Review Program Redirected
The Existing Chemical Review program effort has been redirected from past
attempts to develop comprehensive analyses of all effects and exposures of a few
selected chemicals. The new program will review and evaluate a larger number of
existing chemicals focusing on necessary control of specific problems that may be
posed by a given activity with the chemical. The Agency will give primary attention
to evaluating and controlling existing chemical problems identified through specific
TSCA mechanisms, such as Section 8(e) "substantial risk" notices, chemicals found
to produce adverse effects in testing performed in response to recommendations of
the ITC committee, and petitions received under Section 21. We expect to receive
200 studies from the Section 4 testing program in 1984.
The major changes In the New Chemical Review program will be the reduction in
the number of new chemicals that will require full premanufacture review. The rate
of premanufacture notice (PMN) submissions has not leveled off; in fact, it is
estimated that the Agency will receive 1,300 new chemical notices in 1984, compared
to approximately 800 in 1982. Of the 1,300 expected new chemical notices, 660
will undergo a full PMN review. This review will involve a greater proportion of
detailed scientific reviews than in 1982 because trtis segment of the population of
new chemicals is more likely to have tpxicity concerns. The remaining 640 appli-
cants will be reviewed under the low risk exemption program.
Compliance Monitoring Support Increases
* The Enforcement program will increase support for regional compliance monitor-
ing, analytical and case development activities. This Increase will enable the
Agency to monitor compliance with new TSCA rules promulgated 1n 1983 and 1984,
while maintaining the 1983 level of monitoring for rules existing prior to that
year. Included will be inspections of facilities subject to chemical control
regulations: polychlorinated biphenyls '(PCB) marking and disposal; the PCB rules;
the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) rule; asbestos-in-schoo1s and other rules.
Research and Development '
The Toxic Substances Research and Development program is comprised of a mixture
of disciplinary activities that will provide information and methods needed to con-
tinue implementation of TSCA. Research efforts will directly support the goal of
the Office of Toxic Substances to protect human health and the eiiviroiwient while
minimizing the Impact on industry by providing analytical methods, models, field
monitoring systems and associated quality assurance protocols needed to maintain
a data base of the highest possible quality.
TS-4
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Program Activities
TOXICS INTGEGRATION
No. of Intermedia
Priority Pollutants
produced or updated .
Multi-media chemical
strategies completed
CHEMICAL TESTING
Test Rules Proposed/
Negotiated Agreements
Test Rules Final . . .
Test Guidelines
published
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
Substantial Risk
Notices reviewed. . . .
Test Data Studies
reviewed
Risk Assessments ....
Negotiated Control
Agreement/Risk
Management Advisories
Proposed/Final §6 Rules.
Exemption Requests
Proposed/Final
Section 8 Information
Collection Rules/
Agreements
Significant New Use Rules
Proposed/Final
PCB Disposal Permits
reviewed
NEW CHEMICAL REVIEVJ
PMN Notices Processed. .
PMN Risk Assessments . .
PMN Notice Withdrawals/
Negotiated Agreements/
Section 5(e}/(f) Orders
§ 5(h)(4) Notices Reviewed
Section 5(h)(4) Exemption
Rules Proposed/Final. .
New Chemical Significant
New Use/§8(a) Rules . ,
TOXICS ENFORCEMEMT
Inspections under § 4
Inspections under I 5
Inspections under § 6
Inspections under § 8
Inspections under I 12/13
Actual
1982
19
1
7
0
96
45
95
4
839
15
27
0
4
0
0
33
2164
17
0
Budget Current
Estimate Estimate
1983 1983
14
11
65
75
*
1
*
2
1000
40
23
*
10
1
125
265
875
100
215
15
3
16
50
100
3
3
3
40
1000
40
23
40
8
6
40
265
1332
200
100
Estimate
1984
28
6
12
50
200
5
5
2
60
3
3
40
660
60
40
640
3
5
125
295
960
175
715
Increase +
Decrease -
1983 vs. 1983
+ 13
+3
-4
HOO
+2
+2
-1
+56
-340
+20
+17
+600
-5
-1
+85
+30
-372
-25
+615
New category for 1984 budget. I
TS-5
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Tab 1 e of C o n te n t s
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Chemical Testing 8 Assessment... T/S-7
TS-6
-------
TOXIC SUBSTAMCES
Chemical Testing A Assessment
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Qual ity Assurance
Salaries & Expenses
Research <5 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Stratospheric
Modification
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
National Center For
Toxicological Research
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
SI
S4
$5
$3
$7
Sll
$1
51
S5
S6
$12
SI
SI
$12
$22
$77
$20
597
$270
$270
,710
,055
,765
,435
,898
,334
S520
,269
,790
,956
,681
,638
$142
$765
$907
,340
,340
,114
,030
.5
.0
.5
.9
.9
.5
.4
.9
.9
.3
,2
.9
.8
.7
.8
.6
.4
.3
.6
.9
.2
.2
.8
.9
$161
$75
$236
$170
$21
$192
$1,856
$3,611
$5,468
$S,556
$3,455
$9,012
$384
$142
$527
$6,239
$3,189
$9,428
$130
$742
$873
$910
$910
$14,500
$12,148
.4
.0
.4
.5
.9
.4
.2
.8
.0
.6
.8
.4
.9
.7
.6
.8
.1
.9
.7
.4
.1
.0
.0
.1
.7
$161
$325
$486
$1,856
$3,611
$5,468
$5,556
$3,580
$9,137
$384
$142
$527
$6,239
$3,564
$9,803
$130
$742
S873
$910
$910
$14,329
$12,876
.4
.0
.4
.2
.8
,0
.6
.8
.4
.9
.7
.6
.8
.1
.9
.7
.4
.1
.0
.0
.6
.8
$1
$2
$4
$3
$6
$9
$6
$1
$8
$11
$11
S170.
S75.
$245.
,716.
,856.
,572.
,657.
,191.
,848.
,288.
,940.
,228.
$132.
$742.
$875.
,964.
,804.
3
0
3
0
1
1
2
4
6
3
0
3
7
4
1
5
9
$8.9
-S250.0
-$241.1
-S140.2
-$755.7
-$895.9
-$1,899.4
$2,610.6
$711.2
-S384.9
-$142.7
-$527. 6
$48.5
-$1,624.1
-$1,575.6
$2.0
$2.0
-5910.0
-$910.0
-$2,365.1
-$1,071.9
Chemical Testing
& Assessment
TOTAL $34,145.7 $26,648.8 $27,206.4 $23,769.4 -$3,437.0
TS-7
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing 5 Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 193* VS 1983
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Stratospheric
Modification
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Technical Information &
Liaison
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Stratospheric
Modification
(DOLLARS II
1.5
4.6
28.5
39.8
10.1
81.3
.5
166.3
2.5
6.6
29.4
45.7
11.7
94.8 -'.
1.3
N THOUSANDS
2.5
1.1
23.2
49.1
5.3
70.5
1.8
153.5
4.0
2.3
27.1
55.1
6.2
89.2
1.8
)
Z.5 2.5
22.6 23.2 .6
49.1 49.1
5.1 -5.1
69.7 68.5 -1.2
1.8 1.8
150.8 145.1 -5.7
4.0 ' 4.0
25.4 27.1 1.7
55.1 55.1
6.0 -6.0
88.4 87.2 -1.2
1.8 1.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
192.0
185.7
180.7
175.2
.-5.5
TS-8
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Major Outputs/Milestones
Develop and Validate Test Methods
- Revise and update mutagenicity
and cancer guidelines
(Scientific Assessment)
- Provide immune fun-ction tests
in perinatally exposed mice,
and in adult mice (Health)
- Report on acute test round robin (Env.
Processes)
Develop and Validate Methods to
Predict and Monitor Exposure
- Report on TEAM Study (Monitoring)
- Final project report - Test of EXAMS in
Iowa reservoirs (Env, Processes)
Develop and Validate
Risk Assessment Methods
- Provide journal article on
known/suspected human carcin-
ogens as characterized by
genetic test procedures (Health)
- Provide extrapolation models
for estimating neurotoxlc
risk to human (Health)
Perform Technical Evaluations and
Scientific Assessment
- Completion of Lifecycle Emissions/
Release studies (Env. Engineering)
- Publication of PCB Guidance
Documents
Develop Structure-Activity
Relationships
- Validity'of existing SAR models in
predicting bioaccumulations of toxics
in marine biota (Env. Processes)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
9/84
12/82
12/83
9/83
10/88
9/84
12/82
6/83
3/83
9/83
10/88
Estimate
1984
5/84
9/84
9/83
10/88
9/83
10/82
9/83
10/82
10/82
TS-9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Major Outputs/Milestones
Develop Methods and Provide
Quality Assurance
Guidelines for Field Testing
Soil Transport Models
(Monitoring)
Assess Stratospheric Modification
- Third biennial research report
to Congress
- Work on fourth biennial
research report to Congress
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
1/84
2/83
10/84
TS-10
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 323,769,400 and 145.1 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of 33,437,000 and 5.7 permanent workyears from 1983. Included in
this is Sll.964,500 for Salaries and Expenses and $11,804,900 for Research and
Development, with a decrease of 52,365,100 .and 51,07.1,900, respectively. The
decrease prinarily reflects a reduction in monitoring and quality assurance and
environmental processes and effects. In addition, the decrease reflects the
transfer of 31,219,600 in exploratory research funds to the Intermedia program.
Program Description
The Chemical Testing and Assessment research and development program is the
Tox.ic Substances research program that provides the Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS) with the scientific tools to implement the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA). The major needs and objectives of EPA's toxic substances research efforts
which support TSCA activities are as follows:
Objective 1 . pgvj|loP^a.^vV.^ljate Test_Methods...That Identify and Assess Health
and Environmental ........ Hazards of £hemi c'al s Under T JCTI The purpo se of tfii s ob j ec tive
is to develop and validate environmental and human health effects tests and define
the bounds of reliability for such tests so that OTS can use them in their test
guidelines. OTS publishes test guidance to assure that industry test data will
adequately identify and assess potential environmental and health hazards due to
exposure to chemicals.
Objective 2. r Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and
Envi rcmmental Exposure :' WjChetnic'al s Under TSCA. The purpose of this objective TT
to identify major transport and transformation! processes and to develop validated
models and monitoring methods and data bases so that we can document and estimate
human and environmental exposures to chemicals.
Objective 3. Develop and Vali date Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA
Studies"! The "purpose"' of this ; objective is to develop TieaTth risk assessment methods
that are more reliable and economical than existing methods and to develop methods
necessary to evaluate major health effects for which no adequate assessment methods
exist. '
Objective 4. Perform Technijral Evaluations and Scientific tesessments and
Control Quality of Agen^Ril;^^
vide sc 1 eh ti f i c e v a 1
-------
Objective 7. Assess Stratospheric Modification. The Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1977 require assessment of the environmental ""antTheal th effects of stratospheric
modification due to changes in the ozone layer. The puroose of this objective is
to investigate the health and environmental consequences of lower levels of ozone
and anticipated increased exposure to ultra-violet radiation.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency reouests a total of S245.300 and 2.5 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $170,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $75.000 is for Research
and Development. This reflects an increase of $8,900 for Salaries and Expenses and
a decrease of 5250,000 for Research and Development. This decrease of 5250,000
reflects completion of several projects in 1983.
Perform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality
of Agency Risk Assessments. In 1984, the Scientific Assessment program will improve
the Agency's risk assessment methods by developing more accurate and cost-effective
methodologies. The program will focus on the (1) identification of scientifically
advanced methods and (2) identification of more scientifically accurate and less
costly methods. Additionally, based on the results of 1983 case studies of the
Program Integration Project's industry-by-industry assessment approach, the
Scientific Assessment program will participate in the efforts to inodify the risk
assessment methodology. The program will also continue its efforts to provide
uniform risk assessment methodologies for the Agency.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 3486,400 and 2.5 permanent
workyears to this program of which $161,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $325,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Perform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality
of Agency Risk^AssessroentsTIn 1983, the Scientific Assessment program is contin-
uing itsefforts toachieve uniform Agency risk assessment approaches. This
program is completing an exposure assessment handbook for Agency use which explains
the appropriate exposure techniques used to assess the major types of environmental
problems. The program is assisting the various Agency programs in documenting the
production, use and disposal of toxic chemicals. The program is also completing
case studies that attest the validity of the Program Integration Project's industry-
by-industry risk assessment approach.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5250,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$250,000) Congress added +58,526,200 to the Research
and Development appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports methods to assess risk from toxic chemicals
at low doses. '
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $97,500 for this program, of which
$77,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 520,000 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Perform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality
of Agency Risk Assessments.THe1982ScientificAssessmentprogramaccomplished
(1J preparation of the first draft of a carcinogen policy document for OTS, (2) pre-
paration of risk assessment documents of ethylene oxide and chloroform, {3} review
of a PC3 document for reproductive effects, and (4) assistance in the development of
methodologies for screening chemical mutagens.
TS-12
-------
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ANQ LIAISON
1 98 2 Ac c cmpj^hmen ts
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of S270.900 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This activity, which
supports research programs across all media, was consolidated into the Intermedia
program in 1983. Thus, the Program Description, 1984 P r o o r ajn_ _Re q u_e s t , 19.83 Program
and 1982 Ace omplishments narrative sections appear there.
MONITOR I NG_jYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,572,100 and 23.2 permanent work years for
this program, of which 51,716,000 is for Salaries and Expenses and $2,856,100 is
for Research and Developinent,- This decrease of $140,200 and 5755,700, respectively,
reflects both the completion of the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Field
Study (TEAM) in 1983 and transfer of the Exploratory Research program to the Inter-
media program.
Dey e 1 OP a nd V a 1 j da te Methods _ to P re d i c t and Mo n i tor Huina n a n d E ny i r o nme n ta 1
,E xpo s u re" W jBem 1 c a I s u rvflle r "TSC fri The exposure morii tori ng research ef f ort eSpha-
sizes developing (1) monitoring data directly related to exposure measurements to
corroborate the limited laboratory and model data used in risk assessments, and
(2) monitoring systems and approaches capable of linking environmental concentra-
tions of chemicals to human exposure. A field test to evaluate exposure monitors,
sampling protocols and data analysis techniques developed in prior years will be
initiated. The program will continue to develop improved statistical tools to
aid in the design and analyses of exposure monitoring programs. This research
supports OTS in its assessment and regulation of existing chemicals.
Develop Methods and ...Prov^e QMaH^._Asjurjmc_e for TSCA Data .and Analytical Ac-
tivities. The ""Agency "cSntiiiues "to Fos ter new and i mproved measurement methods and
quality assurance. Methods will .be developed and evaluated for sampling and
analyzing volatile organic compounds which are currently difficult to isolate.
Specifically, new pattern recognition approaches to analytical instrument outputs
will be evaluated so that we can reduce data to more manageable proportions, 'die
will continue research on various .cryogenic approaches and new collector materials
for sampl ing heavier compounds in air; this will enable us to expand the number of
chemicals that we can monitor. A number of direct methods for analysis of organic
compounds which are contained in particulate matter will be examined in order to
reduce both the time and cost of such analyses. The quality assurance area will
emphasize protocols for biological measurements thereby recognizing the increasing
reliance of the Agency on these methods. We will conduct field work to develop
guidelines that will be used in validating soil models; this class of models -will
soon be ready for validation, A protocol and report on assessing asbestos fiber
reduction techniques will be published; this will enable us to assess the effec-
tiveness of asbestos clean-up operations. Laboratory audits will be conducted as
needed and a standard reference bank for material and spectra will be maintained.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of S5, 468, 000 and 22.6 permanent
workyears to this program, of which $1,856,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,611,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop Methods and Provide Quality Assurance for TSCA Data and Analytical Ac-
Me mods ; 'tor sampling ana analyzing volatile organic compounds are Being
'
tested ." We will finalize guidelines that will 'be used in the field validation of
stream models that predict fate and transport of chemicals and chemical compounds.
The audit program for the asbestos in school program is continuing, and quality
assurance protocols and standard reference materials are being provided for a
number of studies and field activities.
TS-13
-------
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure -Q tne^icais uriger .syA.Tne Agency r§currentlycol iectingdata trorr,
the second city of the two city Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Field Study.
The data will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of using personal dosimeters,
biological samples, and population activity questionnaires to obtain improved
exposure data in humans. The Agency is also initiating development work on a
number of improved statistical approaches and data handling techniques for pre-
dicting and monitoring human and environmental exposure to chemicals. In addition
technical assistance for a number of Agency exposure assessments is being provided.
1983 Explanation cf Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982,.the Agency obligated a total of 55,765,900 for this program, of
which SI,710,500 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,055,400
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure to Ch.emica 1 s under TSQA" The program has completed the field work on the
Southeast Ohio exposure Methods Study. Data was used to publish a protocol for
soil sampling. In addition data was collected from the first city of the two city
TEAM study to test the methodology for measuring personal exposure. Valuable
field support was also provided OTS for the lead assessment study in Dallas, Texas.
Develop Methods and Provide Quality Assurance for TSCA Data and Analytical .Ac-
tivities',Some oO new collector materials for sampling heavier compounds in air
were synthesized and evaluated. A revised method for analyzing bulk asbestos
was published. Field work to revise the interim guidelines for validating stream
models was completed. Technical support In the form of standard reference material
and laboratory audits was provided.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 39,848,600 and 49.1 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $3,657,200 is for Salaries and Expenses, and $6,191,400 is for
Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $1,899,400 for Salaries and
Expenses and an increase of $2,610,600 for Research and Development, for an overall
increase of $711,200. This decrease results from an accounting change. Formerly,
nany of the on-site research support contracts were funded out of the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; the transfer will allow the Agency to fund these contracts
from a more appropriate source, the Research and Development appropriation. In
1984, the health program increased resources for research to improve the Agency's
ability to quantify risk. We transferred Exploratory Research funds to the Inter-
media program.
Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mentai Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA. Health effects test guidelines are needed
for test rules specified under Section 4 of TSCA, to define testing data deficien-
cies under Section 5, and to meet the statutory requirements of Section 10(e).
Existing guidelines contain deficiencies and gaps that must be addressed if we" are
to provide reliable, scientific guidance to industry for test rule development.
Work will focus on two areas of concern to OTS: inexpensive and short-term screening
tests, and longer-term tests and systems for the tier-testing matrix. This research
includes emphasis on the relationship of animal test data to human systems.
rs-14
-------
Develop andValidate Improved RiskAssessment Methods for TSCA Studies.
Re.search' wiI i aciciress sotne ot the signiti'cant gaps"in tne risk1 assessment 'methoaoi-
ogies. Current methodologies, for the most part, have been essentially limited to
cancer risk; and, many existing methodologies are incompletely validated. Both
qualitative and quantitative procedures need to be improved to extrapolate data
from animal studies to human risk. An important area of research inquiry is the
attempt to predict heritable genetic effects of environmental chemicals.
Perform Technical _£va1uations and Scienti fie Assessments and Control Qua! i ty
of Agiricy7'RTsk'' "AssesTnientr] STs performs evaluations "of exposure to chemicals
andas senses the n s'k ' tha t can result from such exposure. Scientific assessments
and data collection support this process.
Technical and scientific assessment support will continue; but, there will
be additional emphasis on integrated, uniform assessment guidelines for heritable
diseases. As part of a strategy to institute uniform assessments, methods for
carcinogenicity and mutagenicity assessment will be evaluated for the Program
Integration Project. We will improve risk assessments in the area of extrapolation
of data from rapid mutagenic tests to predict carcinogenic effects in various
manwialian species. Research is also being oriented toward validating existing
methodologies and toward addressing those areas other than carcinogenicity, where
significant gaps exist. Additionally, technical studies will be conducted for OTS
on specific health issues and hazard risks of chemicals.
Develop Structure Activity Fate andI Effects Relationships in Support of
Premanufacturingj'nci few"'₯se: Reviews. Estimate's 'of ne'atth eiTfects'are part 'of the
PMN reviews under Section 5 of TSCTu The computerized SAR techniques will Improve
the scientific accuracy of, and will streamline, the Agency's new chemical review
process. We will continue to emphasize development of the structure-activity model.
SAR will also improve OTS's ability to limit testing of existing chemicals to only
the necessary tests,
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total o.f $9,137,400 and 49.1 permanent
workyear.s to this program, of which S5,556,600 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriations, and $3,580,800 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify and Assess Health and
Environmental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA. Research to date he's significantly
expanded the basTc" state^of-tfie-art in testing knowledge. Basic development has
been accomplished for health effects test guidance in the several- areas of toxicol-
ogy. Work has also begun to relate how to extrapolate animal test data to human
systems. This information would enable OTS to evaluate human -health risk by relat-
ing chemical exposure to internal dose-response of humans. -
Develop and Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA Studies. In
the area of ri sic assessments, improvements nave been made in extrapolating data
from rapid mutagenic studies to determine carcinogenic effects in various mammlian
species. Research will be oriented toward validating existing methodologies and
toward addressing those areas other thgn carcinogenicity where significant gaps
exist.
DevelopStructure Activity Fate and Effects Relationships in Support of
Premanufacturing' ana"T>tew' ' i3se'''WyTews~Researcn to date on SAK p r o vfdesvi evi"denee
that computer simulated metabolism of organic agents is feasible for predicting
toxic health effects. Structure-activity methods are now being developed for the
rapid toxicity and fate screening of chemicals and for extending toxicity evaluation
methods to additional classes of chemicals by comparative techniques.
TS-15
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Perform Technical Evaluation and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality of
Agency RTSKXsselsmefi'tsTOKU is provicnnginswitn nsK catcu rationconsultations,
such as estimates of release rates for chemicals, on a systematic basis and is pro-
viding guidance to support the development of test rule documents.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +-$125,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. ( + $125,000) Congress added +$8,526,200 to the Research
and Development' appropriation for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports bioas.says of chlorinated hydrocarbons and
structure-activity relationships to predict behavior of new chemicals,
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 511,334,200 for this program, of
which $3,435,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 57,898,300
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Jest Methods That I denjify jnd Assess Health and Envir.on-
me_ntaT~Hazards" of Oiemfcals Under TSCA. Initiajphases of test methods development
TiaVeTprovided a number of methods which have expanded chemical testing capabilities.
For example, the Agency also developed an in vitro mammalian assay system that is
capable of simultaneously detecting gene mutatioris and chromosome .mutations. We
also performed studies to evaluate how toxic chemicals affect the immune system.
Develop and ValidateImprovedRisk Assessment^Jethodsfor TSCA Studies. The
program developed animal mode Is to predict the perTpheiraT nieiirbtpxicity of chemical s
in humans. The program also developed jnvit.ro methods which enable us to determine
potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of volatile gases by exposing mammalion
cells to these agents.
Develop Structure Activity Fate and EffectsRelationshipsin Support ofPre-
manufacturing Jridjiew Use Reviews". S data management sy stern wa s de veTopedto
store and analyze research information on genetic and other toxic effects of
chemicals.
PerformTechnicalEvaluationsand Scientific Assessments andControlQuality.
of Agency j1^sk^A₯sejsmenTsI Studveswere performed that demonstrated' that"the"size"
of fibers has a correlation to tumor growth in mice. The laboratories also tested
sevepal chemicals for mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1984 Procjram Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984. The Hazardous
Waste research program has process specific information and engineering assess-
ments which OTS can use.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 5527,600 and 5.1 permanent
workyears for this .program, of which $384,900 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation .and $142,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research -and
Development appropriation.
Perform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments. OTS utilizes pro-
cess specific information and engineering assessments to estimate release ra.tes of
new toxic substances as part of the PMN review process, which is specified under
Section 5 of the TSCA and for enforcement activities. ORD has concentrated its ef-
forts on three areas: PMN reviews, life cycl* emissions/release studies of dyestuffs
and technical support.
IS-16
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomp1i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,790,700 to this program, of which
5520,900 was under the "Salaries and Expenses appropriation and SI,269,800 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Two guidance documents were produced for State and Regional implementation
of PCB disposal regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act: (1) a draft
report covering interim guidelines for the disposal/destruction of PCBs and PCS
items by non-thermal methods; and (2) a report on Guidelines for the Disposal of
PCBs and PCB Items by Thermal Destructions. Additionally, literature reviews were
published and the engineering consultations were conducted for more than 150 PMN
notices; and, enforcement support was provided.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,228,300 and 68.5 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $6,288,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $1,940,000 is
for Research and Development. This represents an increase of 548,500 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of 51,624,100 in the Research and Devel-
opment appropriation. The decrease reflects the completion of a number of fate
and effect studies, the completion of the development of certain test methods, the
concentration of validation activities at laboratories with optimal skill mixes
and the transfer of the Exploratory Research resources to the Intermedia program.
Develoo and Validate Test Methods That Identify and Assess Health and
Environmental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA.TRe environmental hazards assess-
ment programis designed to develop,improve, and validate test methods and to
define the bounds of reliability for such tests. This research effort also provides
effects data from field evaluations of the test methods for development of mathemati-
cal models and for testing and validation of physical models.
These validated test methods are needed in defining the hazard of toxic
chemicals. Knowledge gaps still exist in developing single-species tests to meet
the specific regulatory needs of OTS. Also, there is a need to evaluate the uses
of single-species tests for multispecies systems. Methodologies will be developed
to define how much testing is needed for an adequate assessment of potential chemi-
cal hazards.
Terrestrial toxicology research will focus on the effects of toxics chemicals
on both plant and animal species. Test methods will be developed and validated;
and, more emphasis on validation will be evident during this period. The proposed
critically needed tests will assist EPA in identifying terrestrial effects which
should concern us and in defining risk to terrestrial plants and wildlife.
The comparative toxicology program is designed to define how much testing is
needed for an adequate risk assessment, when one species can be used to test and
predict for other species, and which combination of species and toxicity tests can
be considered most predictive. Efforts in comparative toxicology will lead to-the
identification of the most appropriate test organism and test method for a specific
situation. Tests will be developed on a diverse phyla of marine organisms to
develop comparative toxicological relationships.
TS-17
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System-level research is being conducted to perform studies on effects of
toxic chemicals on ecosystems. This research is necessary because estimates based
upon single-species data may not accurately define the hazard to larger ecosystems.
Therefore, this research effort will evaluate system-level .affects indicating
ecosystem health/stress from toxic chemicals.
Humans are exposed to toxic chemical, contaminants not only through direct
contact from the ambient environment, but also through consumption of plants and
animals which themselves have become contaminated. The indirect human exposure
effort focuses on the development of methods for defining indirect human exposure
with emphasis on protocols for plant uptake, fish and invertebrate uptake, food
chain bioaccumulation and transport.
Laboratory scale simulated environmental systems (microcosms) are being devel-
oped to predict effects of chemicals in freshwater, marine/estuarine and terres-
trial emn'ronnents. They will be used to validate effects processes, to validate
mathematical models a.nd to screen the effects of chemicals for implementing Sections
4 and 5 of TSCA. This will be the first attempt to develop the criteria for deter-
mining limits of applicability of toxicological data, obtained in the laboratory,
with certain kinds of aquatic communities and the first step in defining a quantita-
tive relationship between the data obtained in the laboratory with field situations.
This will provide OTS with the capability to extrapolate from lab models and methods
to the real environment.
Develop and Yalidate .Methodsto Predict.and Hgnitor; Human and Environrnental
ExposT/Fe to Chemicals Under TSCA" This Fesearcfi activity identifies HfSe major
transport and transformation processes that determine environmental exposures. It
involves the development of data bases, validated mathematical models and associ-
ated methods needed to estimate environmental exposures. OTS needs evaluations of
many aspects of exposure assessment to minimize costs related to data collection,
laboratory testing and mathematical model applications. More accurate models will
reduce the uncertainty surrounding exposure estimates and reduce the cost of regu-
latory actions as part of the Section 5 PMN review process and evaluation of speci-
fic chemicals under Section 6,
Environmental concentration data are critical for estimating exposure of humans
and biota to toxic chemicals and for estimating environmental hazard and risk as a
result of exposure. Exposure assessment methodologies will be developed for pre-
dicting the concentration of to.xic chemicals. The results of this, research will
be a set of models, capable of predicting environmental concentrations of toxic
chemicals, that are suitable for a wide range of applications by OTS.
Research i.n this area will be involved in developing the scientific/under-
standing and quantification of how the various transport and fate processes act on
toxic chemicals. This information is fundamental to determining the significance
of the processes and to developing laboratory tests for measurement and for extra-
polating the measured rate.s to real environments, through the development and use
of exposure or benefit/risk models. These coefficients and/or protocols are needed
for Section 4 of TSCA in PMN evaluations. In 1934 the basic scientific understand-
ings, concepts, and data will be acquired to develop defensible protocols for
predicting environmental exposure to chemicals. Mathematical descriptions of the
significant fate processes will also be developed.
Microcosms provide a cost-effective tool for validating exposure assessment
models, and for screening the fate a.nd effects of chemicals for implementing Sec-
tions 4 arid 5 of TSCA. In 1984, greater emphasis will be given to validating
exposure assessment models in field situations and .methodologies for determining
environmentally relevant rates of biodegradation, Field evaluation and verification
will be employed to confirm laboratory-derived data, test methods and models in
situations under field conditions, and to verifythe applicability of laboratory
methodologies to the real environment. This work provides support under the Toxics
Integration Program and increases the scientific basis of regulatory de.cisionmaking.
TS-18
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Perform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality
of Agency Risk ^Assessments.Technical studies will be conducted for OTS on .environ-
me'nta'lfete, exposure, effects, hazards anmimgntal Hazards of QiemicaljsJJnder TSCA. Research continues on aquatic toxi-
cology methodologies to select the most appropriate .species and tests; terrestrial
toxicology focused on the effects of toxics on both plant and animal species;
comparative toxicology to determine the minimum number of freshwater test species
needed to evaluate hazards of toxic industrial chemicals; system-level effects
research to perform studies on effects of toxic chemicals on ecosystem processes
and functions; indirect human exposure research to measure and predict exposures
that occur to humans through the consumption of plants and animals that have become
contaminated; and hazard validation research to predict effects of chemicals in
freshwater, marine/estuarihe and terrestrial environments.
Deve!op an d Va1 idate Methods to Predict and Monjtor Hurnan and Environmental
Exposure to ChelrrTcals UriderJTSCA. Studies' continueon Ws"" topic" to id'entTfy
major transport and tra hi formation processes and to develop mathematical models
and data bases needed to estimate environmental exposure. For example: a first
generation exposure analysis model for metals, an expanded version of an exposure
analysis modeling system (EXAMS) and a multi-media environmental screening model
for orgam'cs will advance the state-of-the-art for assessing environmental concen-
trations for a range of pollutant types. Similar studies will provide an exposure
assessment model for organic chemicals in estuarine environments.
PerformTechnical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and ControlQuality
of Agency ^RTsFAssessmenti. Assistance will Be provided to OTS in the: crftiear
review of test ruTe documents and screening of selected new chemicals under Section 5
prenianufacture notification consideration; support for validation of toxicity
tests; support for exposure and risk assessments; and assistance in preparation
and update of T.SCA testing guidelines.
Develop ^Structure-Activity^ Fate and Effects Relationships in Support'of
Premanuf actiiri ng an J Hew U se Rey_i_ews^ Resources al 1 ocated to research on SAR were
increased. Areas expanded ihT983Tnc 1 ude development of SAR models for predictive
atmospheric reactivity; freshwater fate and exposure, including microbial degrada-
tion; effects in terrestrial plants; and toxicity and bioaccumulation in marine
biota. SAR work on predicting toxicity and bioaccumulation in freshwater ecosystems
will continue at the 19S2 level.
TS-19
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1983 ..... Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +S375,OQG results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$375,000) Congress added +$8,525,200 to the Research
and Devel opment appropri ati on for priority activities at the discretion of the
Agency. This specific increase supports biodegradaticn of organic chemicals to
determine the effect on and hazard to the environment (+3200,000) and exposure
validations using microcosms to verify the applicability of laboratory methodology
to the real environment (+3175,000).
1932 Accomplishments
In 1.982, the Agency obligated a total of $12,638,400 for this program, of
which S5, 956, 800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,681,600
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Test Methods That Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mentaT^^2'ar^s~"df~CT-eih^al'5^T]hdeif'T'Sj|X. TRe 1982 research activity under this
objective consisted of five major tfteraes.' aquatic toxicology, terrestrial toxico-
logy, comparative toxicology, system-level effects and validated hazard assessment
using microcosms and field sites. Highlights of our accomplishments are:
The aquatic toxicology research activity identified, developed and validated
several test methods which define the hazards of selected toxic chemicals to fresh-
water, marine and estuarine species. The acute toxicity data base for PMN chemi-
cals was .developed and published.
System-level research studies were conducted on the effects of toxic chemi-
cals on ecosystem processes, and on .species of concern to man. Information on the
impact of selected toxic chemicals on freshwater organisms in a controlled, arti-
ficial stream channel was published.
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure to Chemi cal s^ilhciir^ T5CA. A number of erivTrbnnientaT "processes ' were : ~e'Tuci-
da'ted to describe the~ transport, transformation and ultimate disposition of pollu-
tants in various media.
'erform Technical Evaluations and Scientific Assessments and Control Quality
o f A ge ncy Rl s'k T As s . e fs sme nUT. WSJor technical assistance' was provide o to ...... ~OT5 Oy
expert reviews of testing guidelines, Section 4 test rule determinations and other
documents.,
.Develop Structure- Activity ^ Fate and Effectj Re1|tjon5jiiD;S In Support of P.T_e-
''' = "'
._
manufactSring 'aW'Hew^Use'Rev^ews^ Highlights ₯F= accomplishments during 1982 it?"-'
eluded: development of toxicity estimates based on molecular connectivity and devel-
opment of the relationship of bioelectric activity in fish to chemical structure
of toxicants.
STRATOSPHERI C MOD IF I CAT ION
1 984 Program Request
The .Agency requests a total of $875,100 and 1.8 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 5132,700 is for Salaries and Expenses and $742,400 is for Research
and Development. This request is approximately the same as the resources allocated
to this work in 1983,
Assess Stratospheric Modification. The 1984 Stratospheric Modification pro-
gram i nc ruaes tne ro I i owing: continuation of research on the adaptability of plants
to enhanced ul traviolet-3 radiation and the effects on various key life forms;
coordination of Federal research in this area; continuation of support to the
National Academy of Sciences for updating a comprehensive assessment of the state
of knowledge; and preparation of the fourth biennial research report to the Congress.
TS-2C
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $873,100 and 1,8 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $130,700 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 3742,400 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Assess Stratospheric Modification. The 1983 Stratospheric Modification re-
sea rcF~pTo~g~ranrTscurrently focused to: work closely with the National Academy
of Sciences to assess the state-of-the-art knowledge and research needs and to
provide an updated report in 1984; prepare the third biennial research report to
the Congress, which will be delivered in February 1983; continue to conduct
research begun in 1981 on the adaptability of plants to enhanced ul traviolet-3
radiation under field conditions; study the effects of ultraviolet-8 radiation on
key marine life; and coordinate Federal research.
198.3 Explanation of Cha/ige from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $907,900" for this program, of which
5142,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $765,600 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Assess Stratospheric Modification. The Stratospheric Modification program
had the following major accomplishments in 1982. The program published a National
Academy of Science report entitled "Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone
Reduction: An Update." This report is a summary of state-of-the-art information
on stratospheric modification and its attendant effects. The program computed
solar ultraviolet radiation fluxes to earth's surface as functions of latitude,
season, radiation wavelength, natural total ozone column and percentage changes in
ozone concentrations' a handbook of tables containing computations for use in
health, ecological effects and assessment studies is scheduled to be completed in
1983.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1984 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting resources for pass-through funding to the National
Center for Toxicological Research for 1984. The Agency is concentrating its research
efforts to directly support the implementation of TSCA. We will, however, directly
fund specific projects at the Center when it is the most appropriate forum to meet
our research needs.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of S?10,000 to this program, all
of which is under the Research and Development appropriation. This funds general
long-term projects of mutual interest to both agencies.
1983 Explanation of Changesfrom Budget Estimate
There is no change in this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1981, the Agency obligated a total of $1,340,200 for this program, all of
which was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1982, the Agency provided core funding to the Center for general long-term
studies of mutual interest to both agencies.
TS-21
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies... TS-23
Toxics Integration , TS-H7
Chemical Testing , TS-29
Existing Chemical Review. -, TS-30
New Chemical Review., ' TS-32
TS-22
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Toxics Integration
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Coropliance
Chemical Testing
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control i
Coropltance
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control &
Cotnpl iance
New Chemical Review
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
Testing & Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 8
Compliance
Chemical Control
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control 4
Compliance
TSCA Information
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control «
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control &
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
SI,300.9 $1,161.5 $1,161.6 S972.7 -S188.9
$1,905.0 $2,353.4 $2,353.4 $1,938.1 -S415.3
TOTAL $3,205.9 $3,515.0 $3,515.0 $2,910.8 -$604.2
$4,181.8
56,511.1
TOTAL $10,692.9
$5,312.6
$7,365.0
TOTAL $12,677.6
$6,841.5
$10,779.6
TOTAL $17,621.1
TOTAL
$3,888.3
$8,094.5
$4,202.8
$8,361.7
$11,982.8 $12,564.5
$4,607.3 $4,609.7
$6,078.8 $6,078.8
$10,686.1 $10,688.5
$7,472.0 $7,571,6
$5,869.3 $5,384.7
$6,652.1
$12,863.7
$19,515.8
$314.5
$267.2
$581.7
$.2,4
$2.4
$99.6
-5484.6
$13,341.3 $12,956.3 -$385.0
$4,518.0
$3,718.9
TOTAL $8,336.9
$4,494.6
! $3,460.0
TOTAL $7,954.6
$17,636.8 $16,926.3 $17,129.2 $17,356.8 $227.6
$26,560.7 $22,396.0 $22,396.0 $21,763.3 -S632.7
TOTAL $44,197.5 $39,322.3 $39,525.2 $39,120.1 -S405.1
TS-23
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strateaies
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxics Integration
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Reyi ew
New Chemical Review
Testing & Evaluation
Chemical Control
TSCA Information
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL W.ORKYEARS
Toxics Integration
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Testing 4 Evaluation
Chemical Control
TSCA Information
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
24.5
101.0
113.9
156.0
395.4
36.5
110.9
130.8
178.7
456.9
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
21.0
174.9
136.7
57.7
390.3
28.5
193.5
152.4
63.0
437.4
20.5
93.9
99.0
183.6
397.0
30.0
103.9
ioa.o
203.7
446.6
16.0 -4.5
93.9
93.0 -6.0
171.1 -12.5
.374.0 -23.0
22.8 -7.2
103.7 -.2
103.0 -6.0
189.5 -14.2
419.0 -27.6
TS-24
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,120,100 and 374.0 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $405,100 and 23.0 workyears from 1983. Of these resources,
517,356,800 is for Salaries a.nd Expenses and $21,763,.300 is slated for Abatement,
Control and. Compliance, an increase of $227,600 and a decrease of S632.700 re-
spectively. The decrease is possible because EPA has adopted a "problem-oriented"
focus for the Existing Chemical Review program rather than one that attempts to
produce a comprehensive evaluation of all aspects of a given chemical, industry
or other subject. In the New Chemical Review program the decrease is pos$ible
because EPA completed a major effort culminating in several generic rules that
partially exempt several broad categories of low-risk chemicals from the premanu-
facturing notice requirements of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section 5.
In 1984, EPA expects to receive premanufacture notice exemption petitions which
are more narrowly defined. Also, in 1984, the Toxics Integration State Management
Assistance program will be ended. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is due to
higher personnel casts.
Program Description
This subactivity comprises the program elements of Toxics Integration, Chemi-
cal Testing, Existing Chemical Review, Klew Chemical Review. The Agency's respon-
sibilities under TSCA involve review, testing and control of new chemicals, and
testing, information collection, information dissemination, evaluation and regu-
lation of existing chemicals. Further the Agency is responsible for the integra-
tion of toxic chemical related activities.
Toxics Integration The objective of the Toxics Integration program 1s to
promote acohesive,coordinated Agency, Interagency and International approach
to solving chemical problems. In 1984, this goal will continue to be carried
out by. development and use of a comprehensive chemical information network to
access multi-Agency and international data bases; the use of expert work groups
to develop multimedia Agency strategies for chemicals and chemical classes;
development of Agency-wide guidance packages on pollutants of concern; coordina-
tion of special chemical response activities requiring input and action by several
programs or Agencies; provision of technical .support to the international programs
dealing with chemical activities; and, initiation of various projects to gather and
analyze data on Agency chemical activities, to prevent overlap and duplication of
such activities among Agency programs. By pursuing a vigorous integration effort,
the Agency will minimize duplication and make sound, consistent decisions on chem-
icals.
Chemical Testing ~ Chemical testing is the focal poi.nt for the development and
accumulation of test data on potentially toxic chemicals referred to EPA. Based
on TSCA data gathering provisions, which are unique in both scope and specificity,
the information collected will narrow the gap in scientific knowledge about the
toxicity of chemicals for other regulatory agencies as well as for EPA. The goal
of the Chemical Testing program is to make accurate decisions about the need for
additional testing of high priority chemicals. These decisions result in the
generation of data "that will allow EPA to make reasoned, scientific judgments
leading to both regulatory and nonregulatory actions in its Existing Chemical
Review program.
The testing program involves conducting negotiations with industry for testing
or developing test rules, designing appropriate exemptions, developing test guide-
lines, and resolving reimbursement issues. The .thrust of Section 4 testing will
be toward negotiation. The negotiation procedure focuses the scope of EPA concerns
TS-25
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at an early stage of review, relying heavily on industry and public interest input
for an acceptable agreement- We expect that negotiated agreements will result in
data seing received one to three years faster than through the traditional regula-
tory process. In cases where negotiation has a low chance for success, such as
when a large number of manufacturers are involved, we will continue to use formal
rulemaking procedures. In lieu of issuing rigid generic test standards, EPA
revised Hs policy during 1982 to encourage flexibility between industry and the
Agency for the development of cost effective and mutually agreed upon testing
methodologies. These nonregulatory protocols allow industry the necessary flexi-
bility to develop cost effective data collection schemes within the context of
Good Laboratory Practice Standards.
Existing Chemical Review -- The goal of the Existing Chemical Review program
is to reduce unreasonable risks to health or the environment caused by chemicals
already in commerce. EPA plans to focus narrowly both problem evaluation and
solution design with a coordinated inter- and intra-agency approach to achieve a
comprehensive risk reduction.. By focusing the evaluation, EPA will pinpoint the
data and analyses needed to decide the most practicable and economic means of
addressing the problem. EPA will take maximum advantage of opportunities to in-
fluence industry or user groups to reach negotiated agreements for risk reduction
so that, risks can be reduced in a more timely manner than through more time-
consuming rulemaking procedures. EPA will quickly document the cases which require
no action because the risks are already being adequately managed. EPA will reserve
regulatory controls for those instances where conflicting market forces and other
factors make negotiated control in-feasible.
The Existing Chemical Review program also includes information collection and
risk management activities needed for TSCA regulation development and for the
implementation of the program. Computer systems are maintained to ensure the
confidential handling of business information, the collection and statistical
analysis of health and environmental monitoring data, and the development and
implementation of recordkeeping under TSCA Sections 8 and 12. The Chemical Inven-
tory, which defines the universe of existing chemicals, includes over 80,000
submissions on over 55,000 chemicals and requires maintenance for both the new and
exisiting chemical programs.
Mew Chemical Review EPA's new chemical premanufacture review program, con-
ducted underSection5~ of TSCA, reflects the general preventive philosophy of
TSCA, Its goal is to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable
chemical risks before damage occurs. Without imposing undue regulatory burden,
EPA will conduct a program that subjects new chemicals of possible concern to a
meaningful premanufacture review to ensure that risks from those chemicals in
their intended uses are adequately characterized and, where necessary, controlled.
The program minimizes the reporting burden on manufacturers of new chemicals by
limiting information requirements in premanufacture notices (PMN) to that which is
necessary for an adequate review and by exempting manufactures of low concern
chemicals from full PMN requirements. This is accomplished while protecting against
risks from new chemicals after they have entered commerce by monitoring the commer-
cial development of selected chemicals identified as possible hazards. The new
chemical follow-up program is designed to reduce possible risks from recently
commercial 1zed new chemicals and to encourage data development on those chemicals
later during commercialization. ;
TS-26
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TOXICS INTEGRATION,
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,910,800 and 16.0 permanent workyears for
1984, a decrease of $604,200 and 4.5 workyears from 1983. Included in this total
is S972.70C for Salaries and Expenses and 51,938,100 for Abatement, Control .and
Compliance, a decrease of $188,900 and $415,300 respectively. The decrease reflects
cessation of the State Toxics Integration Management Assistance program. Prior
Federal efforts established a network for fostering communication between States
concerning the establishment and integration of individual State toxic chemical
programs. Through this established network, States will continue to coordinate
their efforts towards establishing effective and efficient chemical control pro-
grams.
Major 1984 outputs from these resources will be Agency-wide strategies on
chemicals or chemical groups, that will present Agency information and regulation
development tactics across EPA's seven major statutes for chemical control.
Through choices among alternative information/regulatory scenarios, the Agency
will be able to describe for industry and the public EPA's intentions regard-
ing these chemicals from a multi-media exposure perspective. Three additional
chemical strategies will be initiated and strategies for four chemicals started
in 1983, will be completed. Two special response work groups will be supported to
continue giving unified, crossmedia Agency attention to problems, such as risk
assessment of dioxins In landfills, resource recovery plants, and those resulting
from PCB fires. Such work groups forestall litigation and other adverse action by
ensuring integrated Agency responses by all Regional offices. The definitive
Agency-wide reference work for EPA on chemical effects, exposure, risks, analytic
methods, and regulationsthe 22 Intermedia Priority Pollutant (IPP) Guidance
Documentswill be partially updated and three new ones prepared. Revisions sent
to Headquarters as well as Regions ensure integrated Agency statements on such
subjects as the risk of contaminants in drinking water and hazards from air explo-
sions.
In 1984, updating the EPA Chemical Activity Status Report (EPACASR) data on
all of EPA's chemical activities will continue to provide a definitive Agency
source for avoiding duplicative and overlapping chemical activities across program
areas, as well as the only resource for comprehensive information on chemical
investigations. Coupled with the Chemical and Industry File, the EPACASR will per-
mit the Toxics Integration program to conduct analyses to improve the cost-effec-
tiveness of Agency activitiessuch as analyses to highlight, for potential control,
high priority targets in terms of chemical risk. Finally, in 1984 implementation
of the Extramural Integration Project will begin. This effort will .assure that
all new contracts and grants do not repeat or overlap previously purchased EPA
studies.
The Toxics Integration program will continue to provide technical support for
U.S. involvement with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) Chemicals Group and the OECD Management Committee. In this role the Agency
will participate in the development of consistent data interpretation guides for
conducting hazard assessments, improved procedures for acquiring unpublished infor-
mation on existing chemicals and identifying chemicals for which current data is
inadequate. The Agency will continue to fulfill TSCA Section 12(b) export notifi-
cation responsibilities, support technical chemical information sharing activities
and review regulatory proposals for consistency with the Trade Agreement Act of
1979.
The 1984 request provides for maintenance of the 1983 level of service by the
Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN) to 100 user organizations from the
public and private sector. CSIN provides a totally coordinated network of online
chemical information systems which satisfies user needs to retrieve and relate chem-
ical Information about chemical substances from many independent and autonomous
remote resources. A user charge system will be operational which will allow for
partial recovery of operating and maintenance costs.
T.S-27
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State assistance activities will be limited to management and evaluation of
ongoing grants.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of S3,515,000 and 20,5 permanent
workyears for this program, of which $1,161,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and
32,353,400 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Integration activities will focus on completing the technical coordination
of Agency chemical control activities. This will be done by four chemical
strategy development work groups initiated during 1983 to coordinate potential
control actions, resolve multi-media issues, and allow the Agency to streamline
handling of toxics control actions. One similar work group, begun in 1981, will
produce a prototype Agency strategy for six solvents which will give the Agency
alternative scenarios by which to allocate regulatory attention to the most cost-
effective risk reduction program. Two special response activities, a study of
lead contamination in Dallas, and Dioxins risks begun during 1982 will be con-
cluded. Two additional responses will be coordinated. The 19 IPP packages
are being maintained and updated, with three new packages produced during 1983.
The Toxics Integration program will continue to provide technical support
for U.S. involvement in the OECD Chemicals Group and the Management Committee,
including participating in development of state-of-the-art testing guidelines,
enforcement of good laboratory practices, guidelines for hazard assessments, and
principles for exchange of information regarding risk of chemicals among the 24
countries. The automated processing of TSCA Section 12(b) export notifications
will be implemented in June 1983.
The CSIN focus during 1983 is on testing the user charge system and on
enhancing the system in response to th.e prototype evaluation. The evaluation is
showing a savings in user time and resources, and enabling more comprehensive
access to chemical substances information. An additional 50 users, many of them
private sector users, are projected to begin using the system, resulting in 100
total user organizations by the end of 1983..
The State Management Assistance program wi^l focus on information exchange
and toxics coordination assistance. After 1983 these activities should be con-
tinued by other coordinating mechanisms. State Cooperative Agreements awarded
under Section 28 of TSCA are being completed and evaluated this year; results will
be transferred as information to other States..
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 53,205,900 for Toxics Integration, of
which $1,300,900 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,905,000
was for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. A procedure to identify Agency priority pollutants was developed, and 13
chemicals were selected for development of Agency strategies. Two special response
workgroups were coordinated. Nineteen Intermedia Priority Pollutant (IPP) packages
were developed. A new data file on chemical use by industry was created and merged
with chemical regulatory status files to assist i.n evaluating the burden imposed
on industry by existing or anticipated chemical regulations. Two technical inte-
gration studies on Heavy Metals and Water Quality Criteria were produced upon re-
quest from other programs within the Agency.
The Toxics Integration program continued its involvement in international
activities, including preparing for the High Level Meeting of the OECD Chemicals
Group.
TS-28
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The Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN) system became operational
during 1982; 50 user organizations were brought into the system. A user-charge
system was designed to be implemented in 1983 and extension of the prototype CSIN
was initiated.
The State Management Assistance program continued to promote integration of
State toxics control programs through information exchange and grants management.
Twelve State profile case studies were completed to highlight the model elements
of integrated State toxics management programs and previously awarded grants were
managed in 1982.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 312,564,500 and 93.9 permanent workyears for this program
of which 54,202,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and 58,361,700 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance. This represents no change for permanent workyears, but an
increase of 5314,500 for the Salary and Expense appropriation, to cover increases
in personnel compensation costs and an increase of $267,200 for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase will support test data develop-
ment activities for chemicals of concern identified by the new and existing chemicals
programs. The extramural resources will be used to support test methodology develop-
ment, rules design and analysis, and economic analysis.'
In 1984 the Agency expects to complete five decisions not to test, 14 negotiated
testing agreements, and 14 proposed rulemakings. By the end of calendar year 1983,
the Agency will complete the requirements of the court-ordered schedule by disposing
of the final 13 "backlog" chemicals. Therefore, by 1984, we will have completed
regulatory requirements for all backlog chemicals included on lists one through six
designated by the Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) and all statutory requirements
for those chemicals included on the ITC lists in 1981 and 1982 (7th, 8th, 9th, and
10th Priority Lists). We also expect to complete decisions not to test, negotiate
testing aareements, or propose test rules on those chemicals designated for priority
testing during 1983 tilth and 12th ITC Priority Lists). During 1984, 10 additional
chemical designations for priority testing have been planned from the 13th and 14th
Priority Lists. Although the burden placed upon the Chemical Testing program will
accelerate during 1984, the Agency has streamlined its review and management of the
Section 4 testing programr, and expects -to execute all responsibilities within the
Statutory and court ordered deadlines.
EPA expects to review for adequacy 200 test data studies from final test rules
or negotiated agreements adopted during fiscal year 1982 and 1983, This will ensure
the integrity of data developed pursuant to these testing programs. Resources will
also be allocated to identify studies and laboratories in order to target test data
development inspections under the enforcement inspection program; to .provide scien-
tific review and evaluation of inspection and audit reports; and, to participate in
inspections and audits, as appropriate.
1984 also marks the beginning of testing of new chemicals where the probable
risk is sufficient to require follow-up, after production is initiated, but not sign-
ificant enough to warrant a Section 5(e) order, and testing on existing chemicals
other than ITC designations. From this testing EPA anticipates that an additional
two proposed test rules'and two negotiated agreements will be developed.
In 1984, having finished the bulk of test guideline development, resources will
be reduced. EPA expects to publish 12 additional health and environmental effects
test guidelines and to commence development on an additional 13 testing methodolo-
gies. The annual review and update of previously developed guidelines will be
conducted to ensure compatibility with state-of-the-art technology and harmonization
with guidelines developed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment (OECO). In 1984, 30 guidelines will be reviewed and appropriately updated.
TS-29
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1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating S.I!,982,800 and 93.9 oeraianent workyears to
this program. Of this total, $3,88.8,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and 58,094,500
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. In 1983, test rule and negotiated agreement
development is expected to exceed 1982 levels. The Agency anticipates six decisions
not to test, three final rules, five proposed rules and ten negotiated agreements.
These include decisions on 13 of the remaining 34 ITC backlog chemicals. Also during
1983, test data generated as the result of test rule:s or negotiated agreements, will
require review and evaluation. Personnel resources are being reduced in 1983, prin-
cipally in the area of test guidelines where the bulk of the initial development
work, including the Good Laboratory Practice Standards, hss been completed, efforts
to develop and refine ouidelines will continue and an annual review of guidelines
will be conducted in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +511,982,800 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+511,887,800) The Congressionally approved restructuring of
the Toxic Substances program elements transfers resources from three former program
elements: Testing and Evaluation, Chemical Control, and T.SCA Information into
three new program elements: New Chemical Review, Existing Chemical Review and
Chemical Testing. Eaqh new program element reflects a major program area under
TSCA. Under the old structure, outputs were not specifically related to resources
within one program element but were related to resources in all three program
elements. The new structure establishes three independent program elements that
clearly identify resources with program outputs. Overall outputs will not change,
however the Location of resources will change to permit clearer justification of
resources and outputs. The change to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation was
+53,793,300 and the change to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
was +58,094,500.
-Congressional Action. (+$95,000) This increase includes +$95,000 of the
$10.5 million Salaries and" Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $10,692,900 of which $4,181,800 was for Salaries
and Expenses and $6,511,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. In 1982, the
Agency made decisions on eight of the remaining 34 chemicals from the backlog of
ITC recommended chemical designations while simultaneously executing its responsi-
bilities under Section 4(e) of the Act to take action within 12 months on all new
ITC designated chemicals added to the priority list. These actions included four
negotiated testing agreements, seven decisions not to test, one proposed test rule
and two advanced notices of proposed rulemaking. The program developed a total of
96 testing methodologies for environmental effects, health effects, mutagenic
effects, neurotoxic effects and chemical fate and established a firm foundation of
guidelines to support future testing activities.
EX ISTING CHEMICAL RE VI EV|
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 510,688,500 and 93.0 permanent workyears- for
this program of which 54,609,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,078,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This repre-
sents a decrease of 6.0 permanent workyears, an Increase of 52,400 for Salaries and
Expenses, and no change for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The decrease in
workyears reflects efficiencies gained by employing problem focused rather than
comprehensive risk identification and evaluation techniques. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses will fund higher personnel costs. The extramural program
will support risk assessments, data evaluation, and risk management activities.
TS-30
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In 1984 EPA will receive substantial data from testing, under Section 4 of
TSCA, for evaluation under the risk identification component of the Existing
Chemical Review program. EPA will determine if either more testing is needed or
if the data received are sufficient to assess the risks of the chemical. In
addition to the increased responsibility of evaluating test data generated from
Section 4 rules or negotiated agreements, EPA must also continue its efforts to
evaluate Section 8{e) Substantial Risk Notices, Section 21 Citizen Petitions, and
other test data that may trigger a Section 4(f) unreasonable risk determination
leading to control action under Sections 5 or 6.
The risk evaluation function will be operating at full capacity by 1984.
Decisions not to pursue control will be made for chemicals identified as having
only minor problems. All risk assessments and economic analyses will focus on
clear problems needing risk management. Information collection will consist of
amendments to the Section 8 information collection rules established during prior
years and on chemical specific rules or negotiated information collection agree-
ments. The Risk Management Program will be operating at greater efficiency, devel-
oping Section 6 rules, Negotiated Control Agreements and/or Risk Management Advi-
sories and Significant New Use Rules when needed. EPA will also provide followrup
on potychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) rulemaking activities consisting of r.ulemakings
for exemptions from the PCB ban and the permitting of PCB disposal facilities.
The PCB rules will generate numerous requests for exemptions. A conservative
estimate is that 50 requests for exemptions will be made once the final rule on
PCB.s is promulgated in 1983 (10 CFC exemption requests will also be processed). To
issue permits to PCB disposal facilities in 1984, we will review applications for
disposal of PCBs in concentrations over 50 ppm using mobile and standard fixed
destruction equipment such as high efficiency boilers, chemical processes, and
incinerators. Regional offices will be responsible for review and approval of PCB
landfills and unique design stationary PCB incinerators, PCB disposal site monitor-
ing and liaison work (e.g., public hearings) associated with PCB -disposal.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of $10,686,100 and 99.0 permanent
workyears to this program. Of this total, 54,607,300 is for Salaries and Expenses
and 56,078,800 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. We estimate three chemicals
will require in-depth risk assessments in 1983 to characterize the scientific and
technical dimensions of the problems identified. These three chemicals will un-
dergo an economic options analysis that will support decisions about how to reduce
the risk. EPA will also continue to detail the risk and potential economic options
of complex chemical problems. EPA will finish publishing the last of the "founda-
tion" of TSCA information collection rules, Section 8(c) Recording of Adverse
Reactions rule, and amend other Section 8 rules as needed to support risk evalua-
tion. In the area of risk management, we will develop a .uniform PCB disposal
permitting process and begin issuing permits for. standard destruction systems and
mobile incinerators.. Also, three risk control agreements and/or advisories on
how to reduce risk will be published. This will meet the new Existing Chemical
Review program strategy of reducing unreasonable risks without resorting to formal
control procedures. Finally, EPA plans to publish at least four exemptions to
Section 6 rules on either chlorofluorocarbons (CFCsj or PCBs in 1983.
1983 Explanation of.Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$10,586,100 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring.., (+$10,478,200.) The Congressionally approved restructuring of
the Toxic Substances program elements transfers resources from three former program
elements: Testing and Evaluation, Chemical Control, and TSCA Information into
three new program elements: New Chemical Review, Existing Chemical Review and
Chemical Testing. Each new program element reflects a major program area under
TSCA. Under the old structure, outputs were not specifically related to resources
within one program element but were related to resources in all three program
TS-31
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elements. The new structure establishes three independent program elements that
clearly identify resources with program outputs. Overall outputs will not change,
However the location of resources will change to permit clearer justification of
resources and outputs. The change to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation was
+54,399,400 and the change to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
was +56,078,800.
-Congressional. Action. (+5207,900) This increase includes +5207,900 of the
$10.5 million Salaries .and"Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 512,677,600, of which 35,312,600 was
for Salaries and Expenses and 57,365,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
EPA received and reviewed 45 Section 8(e) Notices of Substantial Risk and evaluated
four Citizen Petitions under Section 21. Of these Citizen Petitions all four were
denied. Four in-depth risk assessments on suspect chemicals were performed in
1982 with potential risk management/ control activities to follow in 1983. Formal
Section 6 control activities in 1982 resulted in three proposed rules (all PCB),
two final rules, (one Asbestos and one PCB) three exemptions to the CFC Aerosol
Ban Rule. EPA completed the supporting documentation for a new approach to influ-
ence risk reduction without resulting to formal control and bega.n development of
documents that will both outline chemical hazards and provide advice on ways to
decrease potential risks. These documents .are designed to encourage preventive
action well before a decision to conduct formal rulemaking is made and will be
used in conjunction with the negotiated control agreement process.
NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1984 Program. Request
The Agency requests a total of 512,956,300 and 171.1 permanent workyears of
which 57,571,600 is under the Salaries and expenses appropriation and 55,384,700 is
under the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a de-
crease of 12.5 permanent workyears. An increase of 599,600 for .Salaries and Ex-
penses representing an increase in personnel compensation costs, and a decrease of
$484,60.0 for Abatement Control and Compliance. The reductions in workyears and
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflect a decrease in exemption rule development
and new chemical follow-up activities. This decrease is possible since the program
will focus on narrower categories of chemicals, for potential exemption rules and
to new chemical follow-up activities as a result of greater efficiency in developing
and promulgating Significant New Use (SNUR) and information collection rules. The
extramural program will support data analysis, exposure model development and
evaluation, and literature searching-
By 1984, the nature of the New Chemical Review program will have changed dra-
matically, because of an increase in the number of notices submitted on new chemi-
cals and bec.ause of the Section 5{h)(4) exemption rules scheduled for promulgation
in 1983. Current estimates, based on trend analysis, indicate that EPA will review
660 Premanufacture Notices (PMNs) of the 1,300 new chemical notices received in
1984, compared to 839 PMNs received in" 1982. The average chemical received for
PMN review in 1984 is likely to be of higher risk and will, therefore require more
detailed review than the typical PMN chemical received in 1982 because exemptions
will eliminate large chemical classes of low,concern.
With the exemption rule for photographic chemicals in place and assuming that
the Section 5(h)(4) exemption rules for site-limited intermediate, low volume
chemicals, and polymers are in place by the end of 1983, approximately half of the
1,300 new chemical notices submitted to EPA will be abbreviated exemption notices.
In addition to these exemption noticeSj the Agency also anticipates that it will
receive 60 Test Marketing Exemption applications which are required to be reviewed
TS-32
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within 45-days of receipt. EPA will respond to at least three separate applications
for additional Section 5(h){4) exemptions from -the DMK requirement, and win conduct
audits in 1984 in support of existing Section 5(h)<4) exemption rules promulgated
in 1982 and 1.983. This will ensure that the exemption provisions are working to
provide the level of protection as intended.
The PUN review of new chemicals addresses an extremely narrow segment of
the risks that a new chemical may eventually pose, because it can only focus on
the intended methods of manufacture, production volume, and uses described in the
PHN notice. After a new chemical has cleared PMN review, however, unrestricted
commercialization, including significant increases in production volume and devel-
opment of new uses, is possible without further review. In some cases, these new
conditions may present significant risks. Therefore, at least five new chemicals
will be the subject of formal follow-up action in 1984 which will include either
development of SNURs or Section 8(a) information collection rules.
1983Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,341,300 and 183.6 permanent work
years to.this program. Of this total, S7,472,-000 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$5,869,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. We estimate that EPA will re-
ceive 1,000 PMN submissions in 1983, Many of these will .be subject to Section 5(e)
development of information action that will result in voluntary action by indus-
try. EPA has streamlined the review of applications for Test Market Exemptions
from PMN requirements, submitted under Section 5(h)(l) of TSCA, so that these ap-
plications are now reviewed within the 45-day period required by the TSCA. These
and other procedural reforms will be incorporated in final PMN rules, which are
scheduled for promulgation in the spring of 1983. The New Chemical Review program
will review about 2.00 more new chemicals than were reviewed in 1982 with the same
level of resources. Approximately one half of these new chemicals will qualify
under one of the four exemption rules once they are promulgated during this year,
while the remaining chemicals will be subject to the full prentanufacture review
requirement. Approximately 30 chemicals, referred from the PMN program, wil] be
reviewed in 1983 as follow-up candidates for SNUR or Section 8(a) rules.
198.3 Explanation of Changes jfrgm Budget E.stiniate
The net increase of +$13,341,300 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+513,441,300) The Congressional ly approved restructuring of
the Toxic Substances program elements transfers resources from three former program
elements: Testing and Evaluation, Chemical Control, and TSCA Information into
three new program elements: New Chemical Review, Existing Chemical Review and
Chemical Testing. ..Each new program element reflects a major program area under
TSCA. Under the old structure, outputs were not specifically related to resources
within one program element but were related to resources in all three program
elements. The new structure .establishes three independent program elements that
clearly identify resources with program outputs. Overall outputs will not change,
however the location of resources will change to permit clearer justification of
resources and outputs. The change to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation was
+$7,572,000 and the change to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
was +$5,869,300. ,
-Reprogrammings. (-$100,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramrni rigs were made to this activity which are not r.eportable tinder
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
cre.ase of -$100,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $17,621,100 of which $6,841,500 was for
Salaries and Expenses, and $10,779,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. EPA
received 839 valid PMN submissions and issued two Section 5(e) orders against new
chemicals of concern. These orders required the development of toxicity data
TS-33
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before manufacture could begin. EPA also developed a Section 5(e) Consent Order
for two derivatives of industrial cleaning compounds and developed a Section 5(f)
Order to prohibit commercialization of a cnemical which the submitter subsequently
withdrew.. In addition, EPA negotiated testing agreements and/or control measures'
for 19 chemicals. Six Premanufacture Notices were withdrawn in response to EPA
concerns.
The Agency reduced the burden of ?MN requirements on the chemical industry by
developing exemption rules un.der Section 5(h)(4) for broad categories of new chem-
icals manifesting low concern. A final rule promulgated on June 4, 1982 will
exempt chemicals used in or for instant photographic film articles. In response
to a petition from the Chemical Manufacturers Association and other groups, pro-
posed rules were developed exempting low production volume, site-limited intermed-
iate chemicals, and certain polymers from premanufacture review. These exemption
rules should become final in 1983. About 50 percent of the new chemicals seen in
the New Chemical Review program to date would have been eligible for at least one
of these exemptions, thereby reducing direct reporting costs to industry for eligi^
ble chemicals by 50 to 90 percent.
Finally, as a major initiative the Agency designed and pursued a selective
follow-up program to monitor the commercial development of potentially hazardous
new chemicals after manufacture has begun. As many as 45 chemicals referred from
the PNM program since its inception were reviewed in 1982 as candidates for Signi-
ficant New Use (SMUR) or Section 8(.a) rules.
TS-34
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcenent TS-36
Toxic Substances Enforcement, , T5-37
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants , TS-39
TS-35
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
"oxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 298- VJ 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Suostances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $2,942.5 52,425.9 $2,723.2 $3,579.2 $856.0
Abatement Control & $927.1 :S207.0 $207.0 $207.0
Compl iance
TOTAL $3,869.6 $2,632.9 $2,930.2 $3,786.2 $856.0
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control & $500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $500.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,942.5 $2,425.9 $2,723.2 $3,579.2 $856.0
Abatement Control & $1,427.1 $207.0 $207.0 $207.0
Compl iance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $4,369.6 $2,632.9 $2,930.2 $3,786.2 $856.0
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 72.7 63.9 78.9 87.1 8.2
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 72.7 63.9 78.9 87.1 8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 80.6 64.6 79.6 89.0 9.4
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 80.6 64.6 79,6 89.0 9.4
TS-36
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,786,200 and 87.1 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of 5356,000 and 8.2 workyears from 1983. Included in this total
is 53,579,200 for Salaries and Expenses, an increase of 3856,000; and $207,000
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in resources for this program
will support activities, such as sample analysis to support Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA) inspections and emergency responses involving TSCA regulated chemi-
cals, that were previously conducted by the National Enforcement Investigation
Center (NEIC), Resources are also requested for increased import surveillance
and liaison with the U.S. Customs Service,
P rogram Descri pti on
This program supports all compliance monitoring and compliance assistance
activities under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including support to the
regulation development effort and Regional polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dispos-
al permitting, compliance monitoring and liaison work.
Toxic Substances Enforcement -- The Toxic Substances Enforcement program en-
sures compliancewithTSCArules and regulations. Headquarters and Regional
offices-play distinct but complementary roles in the program's operation, Head-
quarters provides enforcement support to the TSCA regulatory development process;
designs, Implements, and oversees compliance monitoring activities by developing
guidances, strategies and procedures; and, provides technical compliance assistance
and technical support to case development and prosecution activities.
Regional offices respond to special risk situations; inspect facilities that
manufacture, process, distribute, or use new or specifically regulated chemicals;
and, monitor laboratories performing tests pursuant to TSCA testing rules or volun-
tary testing agreements. Regional offices also assist the regulated community in
complying with all applicable TSCA regulations and seek voluntary remedial action
in lieu of enforcement prosecution where appropriate. In cases where voluntary
compliance is not achieved, Regional personnel-'prepare and issue notices of viola-
tion and administrative orders. The enforcement program assists and supports the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) In the development of civil and
criminal referrals. The Regions are also responsible for PCS disposal site moni-
toring, and permitting of unique stationary incinerators and PCS land fills.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT . .
1984 Program_Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,786,200 and 87.1 permanent workyears for
this program, of which $3,579,200 Is fey the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $207,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an
increase of $856,000. The increase reflects the addition of resources to support
activities previously conducted by the "NEIC. These include sample analysis for
TSCA rules, PCB, and dioxin inspections, support for emergency responses involving
TSCA regulated chemicals, and for significant inspections of national importance.
The Increase will also support increased Import surveillance of TSCA regulated
chemicals to ensure proper compliance with regulations for imports and domestic
chemicals. Contract support includes ADP support for the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and TSCA Enforcement System (FATES), the
computer system used to store and maintain compliance data.
TS-37
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Headauarters staff will participate in all TSCA rulenaking activities and will
develop compliance strategies for each new regulation. Support for Regional compli-
ance monitoring, voluntary compliance assistance, and case development activities
under Sections 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 13 will be provided. Headquarters will continue
to -manage the overall program through appropriate guidance and Regional review
including on-sight program evaluation.
In 1984, there will be an overall increase incompliance monitoring activities.
Regional offices will conduct inspections of facilities subject to chemical control
reaulations, including requirements for PCS marking and disposal, the PCB rules,
the chlorofluorocarbons [CFC) rule, asbestos, and other rules. The Regional
offices will conduct good laboratory practice (GLP) and test rule inspections,
inspections to determine compliance with new chemical regulations, inspections
under TSCA reporting reauirements, imoort inspections, and export inspections.
Regional offices will also be responsible for review and approval of PCB landfills
and unique design stationary PCS incinerators, PCB disposal site monitoring and
liaison work (e.g., public hearings) associated with PCB disposal. Under the
Existing Chemical Program, the Office of Toxic Substances will issue permits for
all chemical and biological destruction systems, all mobile incinerators and all
stationary PCB inci.nerators that are not of a unique design.
The Toxic Substances Enforcement program will also prepare and issue notices
of violation and administrative orders wi th the concurrence of OLEC and will
provide technical assistance and support to OLEC in the prosecution of civil and
criminal cases as warranted.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,930,ZOO and 73.9 permanent
workyears to this program of which S2,723,200 is for Salaries and Expenses and
$207,000 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Headquarters will manage and execute national programs to monitor compliance
with test rules and voluntary testing agreements under Section 4, new chemical
regulations under Section 5, Section 6 chemical control rules, Section 8 reporting
regulations, and Section 12 export notice requirements. Headquarters will also
participate in regulation development directed by the Office of Toxic Substances.
The Regional program will provide direct assistance to firms seeking to volun-
tarily comply with TSCA requirements. Where violations are detected, firms will
be encouraged to take specific remedial actions to achieve compliance. If com-
pliance is not achieved, Regional offices will prepare and issue notices of viola-
tion and administrative orders, and will develop and prosecute cases, as warranted.
Situations involving substantial threats to human health and the environment will
be given priority as they are identified.
The Regional staff will conduct inspections to determine compliance with Sec-
tion 4 testing; Section"5 new chemical regulations; Section 6 chemical control
rules including PCB marking and disposal, the PCB rules, the CFC rule, the di.oxrn
regulation, and the asbestos-in-schools rule; Section 8 reporting rules; and,
Section 12 export notice requirements.
Regional offices will also be responsible for PCB site disposal monitoring,
liaison work associated with PCB disposal, and the review and approval of PCB land-
fills and unique design PCB stationary incinerators.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
f (
The net increase of +$297,300 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+5284,200) This increase includes +5284,200 of the
SI0.5 million salaries arid Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional per-
manent full-time workyears provided to the Agency.
TS-38
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ReDrporaann'ngs. (+513,100) During the development of the operating olan,
severTieprograiwm'ngs were made to this activity which are not repc'taple under"
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted fn a net
increase of +513,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1P8.2 Accoracli shment.s
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,869,500 of which 52,94.2,500 was
for Salaries .and Expenses and 5927,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Extramural funds provided compliance inspection suoport, chemical analysis of
samples, and revision and development of compliance strategies. Compliance moni-
toring strategies were completed for Section 5(h)(4) exemptions, the Section 6
asbestos-in-schcol s program, and Section S'a) reporting. Assistance was provided
to the Office of Toxic Substances in the development of new regulations, including
good laboratory practice rules for health effects testing and draft ecological
effects test guidelines, a chemical control rule for asbestos-in-schocls, reporting
rules for asbestos and 250 other chemicals, and the PKN rules. Enforcement staff
developed inspection target guidance for compliance monitoring associated with
Section 5 and Section 6 (dioxin and CFCK Headquarters staff also developed and
assisted the Regional offices in developing and prosecuting enforcement cases
under Sections 6 and 8(e),
Regional office,staff responded to special risk incidents, inspected PCS and
CFC establishments, conducted compliance monitoring activities to support Section
5 premanufacture notification review and Section 8(e) substantial risk notification,
and developed and prosecuted enforcement cases upon detection of serious violations.
Administrative orders were issued in 101 cases; 276 notices of warning were issued.
Both Headquarters and Regional staff were involved in the coordination and
handling.of several special risk situations .such as the PCB contamination of natu^
ral gas pipelines.
TOXICSUSJ5TAHCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1984Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984. The results and
evaluation of the operation of the project in-the various States will continue to
be raade available to other States interested in chemical control.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating no resources for this program in 1983. The pilot
program will be evaluated and the information will be made available to the States.
1?82 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $500,000 for this program, all of
which was for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
aopropriation. The pilot cooperative grant program with California, Connecticut,
Maryland, Michigan, and Ohio was discontinued.
TS-39
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Energy
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Tabl e of Contents
ENERGY : E-l
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
Multi -Media Energy ............................... , . ....... . ..... ... E-4
Oxidants Energy.. .. ....... ......... ........................ ........ E-17
Gases & Particles Energy.... ..... .................................. . E-20
Water Quality Energy.,... .......... ..... ...... .... ............. .... E-24
Industrial Wastewater Energy ......... . ............... . ......... .... E-27
Municipal .Spills Energy... ...... ................................... E-30
E-l
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ENERGY
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE J-
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $10,163.1 $7,019.4 $4,489.7 S3,694.1 -S795.6
Research & Development $55,499.8 527,510.8 $20,511.2 S19,836.0 -5675.2
TOTAL, Energy $65,.662.9 $34,530.2 $25,000.9 323,530.1 -51,470.8
PERMANENT WORK YEARS 138.9 61.8 36.4 36.8 .4
TOTAL WORKYEARS' 196.9 100.1 53.5 54.9 1.4
OUTLAYS $90,638.0 $55,501.0 $56,424.0 $42,153.0 -$14,271.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
E-2
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ENERGY
OVERVIEWAMD STRATEGY
The overall goal of the Energy research and development program is to provide
the scientific information necessary to support the Agency's permitting and stan-
dard setting processes and allow for the development of energy sources In an envi-
ronment ally acceptable manner. Research will be conducted to better understand
the phenomena of acid deposition; enhance the Agency's knowledge of the potential
health and environmental effects of emerging energy technologies; characterize and
evaluate synfuels discharges and expand EPA's knowledge of tne performance, relia-
bility and cost of the limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) technology,
Acid Rain
Many questions still remain unanswered about the causes, effects, and methods
of mitigating or controlling acid deposition. The objective of acid deposition
research is to develop the necessary data to fully understand the sources and
characteristics of acid deposition, the extent of damages or potential damage, and
the options for mitigating its effects. This information is needed to develop cost
effective, scientifically sound, regulatory policies. Because of the potential
national and International implications of the phenomena, we are requesting an
increase in resources for our 1984 research pro-gram.
For program purposes, acid deposition research activities can be described by
five generic categories: man-made sources; atmospheric processes; deposition
monitoring; health and environmental effects; and assessment and policy .analysis.
Research effects in the man-made sources are designed to improve and consolidate
inventories of current and projected emissions of acid precipitation precursors,
and to develop capabilities to evaluate the costs and performance of control
measures for all major source categories. Research efforts in the atmospheric
processes area are designed to address the physical understanding and mathematical
description of acidic deposition. In deposition monitoring, efforts are designed
to systematically collect dry deposition, rainfall, meterological and other data
at specified sites. In the area of health and environmental effects, research
projects are being conducted to understand the impact of acid deposition on crops,
forests and soils, drinking water, aquatic systems and materials. Finally, the
assessment and policy analysis research efforts perform integrated assessments
linking all areas of research under the Federal Interagency Task Force and assess
the costs and benefits of alternative mitigation strategies,
Synthetic Fuels
A second major research activity is the development and evaluation of data on
the health and environmental impacts of pollutants associated with synthetic fuel
processes; the characterization of discharges, and the assessment of emission
reduction technology options for mitigating these impacts. These efforts will
assist industry and permitting officials in identifying problems with might impede
the commercialization of the industry in an environmentally acceptable manner,
LIMB Control Technology
A third major research area is the development of the necessary performance,
reliability, and cost data to accelerate the commercialization of innovative or
cost-effective energy-related pollution control technologies. The thrust in this
area is the development of the limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) emis-
sion reduction technology. The LIMB is a technology which combines SOg control
with simultaneous NQX control by mixing coal and-limestone together, pulvering the
mixture and combusting the mixture in a low NOX burner. This technology can poten-
tially lower the capital cost of SOX control by a factor of 3 to 4 and annual
operating costs by 50 percent.
£-3
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET
1982 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1S64 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAP.
Acid Rain
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$201.0
58,992. 1
$9,193.1
S483.1
$11,546.0
$12,0,29,1
$483.1
$12,046.0
$12,529.1
S492.4 S9.3
S13, 546.0 $1,500.0
$14,038,4 $1,509.3
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Engineering &
Technology
Salaries i Expenses $3,577.0
Research £ Development $9,243.9
TOTAL $12,820.9
$155.6
$24.1
$179,7
$53.2
$2,591.3
$2,644.5
$32.1
$32.1
$633.4
$1,755.5
$2,388.9
$633.4
$1,755.5
$2,388.9
$662.1
$1,704.7
$2,366.8
S28.7
-550. 8
-S22.1
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses '
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
$506.2
$6,005.1
$6,511.3
$3,373.2 $3,373,2 $2,539.6 -$833.6
$6,259.7 $6,259.7 $4,585.3 -$1,674.4
$9,632.9 $9,532.9 $7,124.9 -$2,508.0
$450.0 $450.0 -S450.0
$450.0 $450.0 -$450.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$4,493.0 $4,521.8 $4,489.7 $3,694.1 -$795.6
$26,856.5 $20,011.2 $20,511.2 $19,336.0 -S675.2
Multi-Media Energy TOTAL $31,349.5 524,533.0 $25,000.9 $23,530.1 -$1,470,8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Rain
Technical Information
Liaison
4.2
3.9
7.0
7.0
7.0
E-4
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1932 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 V.S 1983
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
3,1 3.1
56.8 26.7 26.3
3.1
68.0
36.8
36.4
3.1
26.7
36.8
.4
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Acid Rain
Technical Information
& Liaison
Health Effects
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
« Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.4
4.3
.2
58 .0
5.5
82.4
8.0
9.2
37.7
54.9
8.0
9.2
36.3
53.5
8.0
9.2
37.7
.54.9
1.4
1.4
E-5
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.ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
Major Outputs/Mi 1estones
Develop Understanding of Acid Rain
Needed for Assessments and
Policy Analysis.
Estimate Emissions from Man-
Made Sources.
- Report presenting the
historic data base
(S02, NOX)
- Report on data analysis
technique to determine
relative source
contributions
- Prototype industrial combustion
emissions model
- AUSM national model design report .
Understand Atmospheric Processes.
- Transport, chemistry and precip-
itation modules for nonlinear model
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases.
- Better development of intensive dry
deposition monitor
- Procedures for determining accuracy
and precision of acid precipitation
measurements
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects,
- Regional Sensitivity Geocheinical Model
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial
Effects.
, - Report describing application of dendro-
chronologicai methods in determination
of long-term changes in forest tree growth
associated with chronic exposure to acid
deposition and co-occurring gaseous pollu-
tants
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate Estimate
1983 1984
4/84
6/84
11/83
6/84
9/84
9/84
12/84
4/84
6/84
5/85
11/83
6/84
9/84
9/84
4/84
6/84
5/85
11/83
6/84
9/84
9/84
12/84 12/84
10/84
10/84 10/84
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
Actual
Major Outputs/Milestones 1982
- Interim report on the effects of
acid deposition and mobilization
on critical processes in terres-
trial vegetation leading.to changes
in growth, yield or reproduction as
a function of acid depositio.fi dose 9/84
Understand and Quantify Effects on
Materials and Cultural Resources.
- Final report of BOM-EPA study detail-
ing effects of exposure to various
environments 10/84
- Finalization of Materials Inventory
Coefficients matrix for North America 8/84
Integrate Research Assessments and Provide
Information for Policy Analysis.
- Critical Assessment Document
Public Review Draft 3/83
Final Draft 9/83
- Report on state of knowledge of effects
of acid rain on tree growth and soils,
with uncertainty factors
- Report on effects assessment methodologies/
framework for all effects areas 9/84
Develop and Evaluate LIMB/low-NOx Control
Technology.
- Detailed design analysis of LIM8/Low-NOx
facilities.
Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analysis
- Provide an upgraded health and environmental
risk analyses for coal gasification, direct
and indirect coal liquefaction, and oil shale
technologies. ' 9/85
- Assessment of exposure and effects relation-
ship for major synfuel pollutants. 9/85
Characterize and Evaluate Synfuels.
- Prepare integrated monitoring reference
manual for Synthetic Fuel Corporation
applicants. 6/83
Current
Estimate Estimate
1983 1984
9/84 9/84
10/84 10/84
8/84 8/84
3/83
9/83
9/84
9/84
10/83
' 9/84
9/84
6/86
9/85
9/85
6/83
9/85
9/85
E-7
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of S23,530>1QQ and 36.8 permanent work/ears for
1984, a decrease of $1,470,800 from 1983. Included in this total is $3,694,100
for Salaries and Expenses and $19,836,000 for Research and Development, with a
decrease of 5795,600 and $675,200 respectively. This decrease occurs in the
environmental engineering and technology program element. In addition, the de-
crease reflects the transfer of $1,389,000 in exploratory research funds to the
Intermedia program.
Program Description
The Multi-Media Energy program addresses those problems originating from en-
ergy sources which have the potential to adversely .affect the environment in one
or more media. The primary goal of this program is to provide the scientific
information necessary to permit the development and utilization of this nation's
natural resources in~.an environmentally acceptable manner. The Multi-Media Energy
research program has four major objectives which support this goal.
Objective 1. Develop the Understanding of Acid Rain Needed forAssessments
andJ)oYicjy_ Anajyjijs. rhe i'rft'egra'teSNational ACKF Free imitation AsseTsment^rbgram
TNAPAPT, created "by the Acid Precipitation Act of 1980 (Title VII of P.L. 96-294),
was initiated to increase the understanding of the causes and effects of acid
deposition so that reliable information can be provided to policy-makers, and
timely, cost-effective decisions formulated. Acid deposition research activities
at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) support this program,
Objective 2. Develop and Evaluate the limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(yMB)/l.owJlp'x Control Technology. This objective provides for the evaluation of
a n ef f₯c; t i ve and in ex pensive" em is s i o n control technology for pulverized coal boilers
that will simultaneously remove sulfur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from
boiler flue gases. This technology is based on the use of low-NO* combustion
techniques in combination with dry sorbent injection into the combustion zone.
Objective 3. Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analyses in Support ofEn-
vironmental Impact ^Statements ^ and Permitting Activities. ' Researcn uider this
objective provides integrated risk analyses for priority synfuel industries so that
the health and environmental risks of synfuels can be .determined and the benefits of
pollution control assessed. The results of this research are used by the Regional
Offices of EPA, and State and local governments in regulatory planning, focusing
on Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and permitting activities.
Objective 4. Characteri ze and Eva! uate Synfuel s Oisc.hargej and Control Tecn-
nologTes ; in Support of Environmental Impact Statements _TETS1 "a'n'd Permitting
Activities. Fiie research results of source characterization studies and control
technology evaluations provide the means' to give States and local authorities
support in their review of EISs, permit applications and monitoring plans for
proposed coal-based and oil shale synfuel facilities.
ACID RAIN
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,038,400 and 7,0 permanent workyears for this
program, of which $492,400 is for Salaries and Expenses and $13,546,000 is for Re-
search and Development, this reflects an increase of .$9,300 and 51,500,000, respec-
E-E
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tively, which supports increased efforts in the areas of: (,1) deposition monitoring;
(2) understanding atTosDheric processes involving s comprehensive field experiment;
(3) estimating and modeling aquatic effects in watersheds; and (4) developing
and applying integrated assessment techniques for benefits analysis utilizing
data from all parts of the program.
Develop the Understanding of Acid Rain Needed for Assessments and Policy Anal-
ysis.Acid deposition research activities in support 0? this objective can 5e
described by sever, categories outlined below:
1. Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources: Research projects will respond
to the following questions: (1) What quantities and in what Locations are acidic
substances and their precursors being emitted? (2) How .T.ay each major source or
source category respond to different governmental policy options? and (3) What
might be the levels of future emissions from major sources? Development and
maintenance of detailed emissions inventories focusing principally on SOX and
NOXj and expanding into volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and carbon monoxide
(CO) will oe conducted to support planned development of complex regional acid
deposition models. Testing of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model for a range of
policy applications will be completed,, with refinement of the .model as aecessary.
Analytically advanced and efficient models for both industrial combustion emissions
and industrial process emissions will be developed to project SOX> NOX, and other
emissions from major industrial sectors over the next 10 to 20 years as a function
of several economic, energy and environmental factors.
2. Understand Atmospheric Processes: Research in this area responds to such
questions as: "What sources are most responsible for deposition in areas sensitive
to acidification? and "Under what circumstances and in what proportions do local
and remote sources contribute to acid deposition?" To help answer these questions,
our research will be designed to improve our capability to examine and predict the
movement of air masses. The results of the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment will
be examined and new instruments for measuring inter-layer atmospheric transport in
clouds will be field tested. A. comprehensive field study using chemical tracers in
emissions, recently .developed gas measuring instruments, and extensive monitoring
will be undertaken to study empirically the movement and transformation of acids
and precursors from sources to receptors. To further understand what substances in
the atmosphere determine the rate of formation of acid substances, laboratory and
field studies to investigate the complex chemical changes and physical scavenging
that occur in the atmosphere, particularly in clouds, will be conducted. Modules
to characterize the chemistry and wet scavenging will be developed for the advanced
acid deposition regional model.
3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base: In performing these moni-
toring activities EPA will respond to such questions as: (1) How much acid .and
other substances are being deposited in various regions of North America? (2) Is
acid rain getting worse or better? (3) What are the spatial and temporal variations
in deposition? and (4) What is the relative importance of wet and dry deposition?
Our efforts to establish an operational network to measure dry deposition will be
increased significantly. At least one technique will be ready for testing in the
field to determine its adequacy and operability as a sensitive monitoring tool.
EPA will continue to provide quality assurance and to serve as a repository for
the data from deposition monitoring networks in the United States. Efforts will
also continue to develop more reliable, accurate and precise methods for measuring
the chemical composition of acid precipitation,
4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects: The aquatic effects program re-
sponds to such questions as: (1) At what time (e.g., 5 years, 20 years, 2.5 years,
etc.) if ever, will irreversible damage occur in aquatic ecosystems? (2) What
specifically causes damage? (3) Under what circumstances can mitigation at
the receptor (e.g., liming) be used? and (4) What are the magnitude and extent of
the effects of acid deposition occurring today and in the future? For instance, a
research project that develops methods to determine trends in acidity and the
£-9
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sensitivity of bodies of water responds to the first question cited above. Estima-
ting the effects of acid precipitation on interactions between runoff and soil water
helps answer both the second and fourth questions. Other studies responding to the
above questions include an evaluation of specific mitigation procedures such as
watershed liming and studies to understand the effects of acid precipitation on
fish populations and other biota.
5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects: This program will seek to
answer questions similar to those of the aquatic effects program. To help under-
stand the magnitude and extent of acid deposition effects occurring today and in
the future, a wide variety of field and laboratory studies attempting to estimate
and predict the effects of acid precipitation on forests, rangelands, wetlands,
wildlife and crops will be conducted. The effects of soil infiltration, soil
chemistry, weathering, metal transport, exchange ana depletion of nutrients,
and soil sensitivity will be addressed. Similarly, further research is needed to
understand the factors which cause damages.
6. Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources:
To respond to such questions as: "At what time, if ever, will irreversible damages
occur to materials?" and "What specifically causes damages?" the effects of acid
deposition on construction materials such as metals, masonry and some stone types
will be studied in both field and laboratory observation programs. By developing
an assay of materials at risk, the research program will have a better understand-
ing of the magnitude and extent of acid deposition effects occurring today and in
the future. Through the development of retrospective air quality models and eco-
nomic models in this area, the research will respond to such questions as those
cited above.
7. Integrate Research Assessment and Provide Information for Policy Analysis:
This program responds to questions that cut across several research objectives and
relate to the decision-making needs of policy makers. In 1984, the following pro-
jects will be supported: (1) development of advanced methods for performing inte-
grated assessment functions; (2) application of systems analysis to all acid dep-
osition phenomena in order to characterize mass flows of all important constituents
from point of release to final sink; (3) assessment of possible NOX control strat-
egies relative to possible S02 control strategies; (4) assessment of primary sul-
fate emissions relative to sulfate formation in the atmosphere in affecting poten-
tially sensitive areas; (5) an analysis of the effectiveness and costs of control-
ling damage at the receptor sites versus control of emissions at source sites; and
(6) application of integrated assessment methods for optimal mitigation solutions
which combine a selection of strategies and technologies.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,529,100 and 7.0 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $483,100 is under the Salaries and Expense appropri-
ation and 512,046,000 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development
appropriation.
Develop the Understanding of Acid Rain Needed for Assessments and Policy Anal-
sis. 1. Estimate Emissionsfrom Man-MadeSources:Inventorielof the man-made
emissions of acid rain precursors such a.S SOX and NOv and oxidant precursors such
as hydrocarbons are being analyzed and improved by EPA. In addition, models are
being constructed for electric utilities and other important industrial sectors,
and will provide comprehensive costs and emission changes for alternative control
strategies.
2. Understand Atmospheric Processes: intensive research is being conducted
at EPA to improve our capability to examine and predict the movement of air masses
and pollutants through the use of tracer experiments and computer modeling. Labora-
tory and field studies are being conducted to investigate the complex chemical and
physical changes that occur in the atmosphere (particularly within clouds) and the
role of oxidants in acid formation. EPA is evaluating several operational trajectory
E-10
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models and conparing their performance with monitoring data. This evaluation will
determine which model Is) will be maintained for use by policy makers. An Advanced
Acid Deposition Eulerian model framework is being formulated to serve as the main
integrating mechanism for the atmospheric .processes program.
3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base: Monitoring networks are being
expanded, standardized and integrated, into a well designed National Trends Network.
EPA .has the role of providing quality assurance and serving as a respository of
data from which long-term trends will be documented and studied. Efforts are under-
way at EPA to develop methods to measure dry deposition accurately. Once proved
acceptable, these techniques will be incorporated into the national Trends Network
so that the amount and composition of dry deposition can be measured reliably,
4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects: Research is being conducted on
lake.s, streams and wetlands to determine the factors controlling acidification.
The impacts on foodchains and organisms ranging from fish to microscopic plants
are being investigated. Seven agencies are conducting research in this area with
EPA having the lead role. Surveys are being made of water.resources, soils, geology
and other factors to improve our knowledge of what areas and resources may be
vulnerable to damage. The number of lakes, streams, and groundwaters that are
susceptible to acidification is being documented and the problems and techniques
associated with mitigating the effects are being investigated.
5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial .Effects: The potential impacts of
acid deposition on forests, rangela.nds, :wetlands, wildlife, crops .and soils are
being studied. Emphasis is being placed on developing methods to estimate the
historical growth patterns in forests and to identify the significant parameters
(e.g., precipitation, pH, plant age, climate) affecting growth. Ttie interactive
effects of fertilizer, gaseous pollutants, climate, pests and drought on crops are
being examined.
6. Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources:
The effects of acid deposition on materials such as building stone, metals, and
paints are being examined. Techniques to differentiate the effects of various
pollutants are being developed, and the cost of damage to man-made structures and
cultural resources is being estimated.
7. Integrate Research Assessments and Provide Information for Policy Anal-
ysis: An in-depth Critical Assessment Document of existing scientific information
is being completed, and annual reports prepared by the Task Force will be used
to continually update that information and describe the current implications.
Analyses are being made of the effectiveness, costs and feasibility of controlling
emissions of acidic components, precursors and oxidants. New technologies and
diverse strategies to control emissions are being examined and optimal solutions
combining various technologies and strategies are being explored. EPA is develop-
ing an improved methodology for integrated assessment of all aspects of the acid
deposition phenomenon. This will allow cost/benefit comparisons of alternative
mitigation measures.
J98_3 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$500,000 results from the foil owing action:
-Congressional Action. ( + 5500,000) Congress added a general increase of
t-$8,52"6,2UO to the Research and Development appropriation for priority activities
at the discretion of the Agency. This specific increase supports acid rain re-
search which was targeted as a high priority action by Congress in the Conference
Report in our 1983 Appropriation's Bill.
E-ll
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1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 59,193,100 for this program, of which
5201,000 was under the Salaries and Exoense appropriation and 38,992,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop the Understanding of Acid Rain Needed for Assessments and Policy Anal-
ysis.'T". Estimate EmTsTToiTS From Man-MadeSources': Ac c on p 1T s hm e .Hts5iv8el"u"-₯!vi"s
objective included establishment of a technical panel, plans for an Advanced
Utilities Simulation Model, an operational state level version of the model and a
complete plan for an emissions inventory as well as an inventory of emissions
from utilities.
2. Understand Atmospheric Processes: A project to develop a plan to produce
an advanced acid deposition no.del was begun, requiring assessment of the state of
the a-rt and identification of key parameters. Analysis of studies of Oxidation and
Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains provided evidence of the critical role of
oxidants in wet scavenging.
3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases: Efforts were concentrated in
three areas: (1) determining the accuracy and precision of procedures at existing
deposition monitoring sites; (2) developing an integrated data base {merging data
from existing systems); and (3) comparing existing techniques for estimating dry
deposition.
4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects: Efforts in 1982 concentrated on
synoptic surveys, the development of historical data as well as the acquisition of
data to be used in model development and mapping efforts. Efforts to develop an
understanding of the effects of acid deposition on aquatic biota were beg.un.
5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects: Studies were initiated to
inventory forest stands and species while selecting sites for a multi-year monitor-
ing program aimed at estimating the long-term effects of acid deposition on natural
terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, studies were initiated to determine which
stage in the forest .life cycle was most sensitive and to quantify the relationships.
Agricultural studies included development of a prototype site and initiation of
studies examining the problems associated with extrapolation of laboratory and
greenhouse data to field situations.
6, Understand and Quantify Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources: Agency
efforts concentrated on expanding the field studies of materials deterioration
conducted with the Bureau of Mines, and on developing the technology of the static
monitors for measuring gaseous deposition. Contractors were also selected.to being
the development of a materials inventory and to estimate the past air pollution
levels at selected materials exposure sites. A report detailing methodology for
determining the rate of degradation by monitoring tombstones was received.
7. Integrate Research Assessments and Provide Information for Policy Analysis:
Studies were begun to develop models for estimating the relative significance of
anthropogenic versus man-made, and local versus distant emissions as well as the
cost/benefit of control techniques. In addition, drafts of the Critical Assessment
Document (an authoritative evaluation of the published literature relative to
Acidic Deposition) were prepared. :
TECHNICAL. INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1982 Accomp1ishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of .5179,700 for this program, of which
$155,600 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 524,100 was for ex-
tramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation. This activi-
ty, which supports research programs across all "media, was consolidated into the
Intermedia program in 1983. Thus, the jrograni Desc ripti on, 1984 Program Reg u e s t,
1983 Program, and 1982 Accompl ishments'narrative 'sections appear there!
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1984 P rogram Request
The Agency requests a total of 32,366,800 and 3.1 permanent workyears for this
program, of which 5662,100 is for Salaries and Expenses and 51,704,700 is for Re-
search and Development, This reflects an increase of $28,700 in Salaries and Expen-
ses and a decrease of $50,800 for Research and Development. The net reduction
reflects completion .of research on the comparative carcinogem'city of various- syn-
fuel chemicals.
Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analyses in Support of £Ig and Permit-
ting Activities. Tie integrated health ana environmental risk analysis program for
synfuel industries provides a framework through which scientifically documented risk
can be utilized in making regulatory and enforcement decisions and for determining
the degree to which pollution abatement processes and devices are required. Risk
analysis methodologies for evaluating population level impacts of synfuel pollutants
on health and the environment are developed through the integration of exposure and
effects assessments.
During 1984, the research will focus on upgrading and evaluating the documenta-
tion of the health and environmental effects of critical classes of synfuel pollu-
tants. This includes upgrading the risk analysis methodologies developed in 19.82.
Specific areas to be addressed are: (1) the refinement and application of models
for evaluating exposure pathways in atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic media;
(2) the evaluation of synfuel pollutant uptake by key organisms in the human food-
chain; and (3) the evaluation of human exposure and effects data on synfuel pol-
lutants to develop dose/response functions for cancer and reproductive risk analy-
ses.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,388,900 and 3.1 permanent work-
years to this program, of which $633,400 is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 31,755,500 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
Develop Health and Envjronn'ental Risk Analyses in Support of EIS and Permit-
ting Activities'] The initial risk assessment data generated in 1982 is be'ing peer
reviewed, updated and, where necessary, completed. Chemical compounds associated
with synfuel technologies have been categorized and grouped into about 40 categories
of chemical classes called Risk Analysis .Units (RAUs). Data are being generated
and evaluated in an effort to estimate the total exposure of humans and other
organisms to specific synfuel related RAUs through atmospheric, aquatic and food-
chain routes, lexicological data on health and environmental effects are also
being assessed in an effort to demonstrate cause and effect relationships. The
program is also applying previously developed risk assessment methodologies to
various pollutant control technology processes and options to evaluate their rela-
tive efficacies and merits,
J9g_3'Explanation of Changes .from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 52,644,500 for this program, of which
553,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 52,591,300 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
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Develop Healthand Envjrorinienta 1 Risk Analyses in Support of ilj>_ _ and Permit-
ting Activities. Chemical 'components or elements associatedwith syWu^V techncn'o-
gies were initially categorized and grouped into about 4C categories. These cate-
gories were designated as RAUs, An initial assessment of the health and environ-
mental risks of selected RAUs was made, largely through a compilation and synthesis
of existing data. The exposure assessment portion of the program utilized the best
available data from source/pollutant characterization research as the starting
point for industry specific risk analysis assessment. Methodologies for exposing
test organisms to selected RAUs were developed and tested.
ENVIRONMENTAt ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests a total of 37,124,900 and 26.7 permanent workyears
for this program, of which 52,539,600 is for Salaries and Expenses and 54,585,300 is
for Research and Development. This reflects a decrease of $833,600 and $1,674,400
respectively. This reduction reflects the de-emphasis of synfuels research based
on the slower commercialization of this industry and the transfer of exploratory
research resources to the Intermedia program.
Develop arid Evaluate LIMB/Ldw NOx Control Technology. Existing pulverized
coal-Tireef utility and Targe industrial boilers are thelnajor source of SOX and
NOX emissions. Existing control technology for SOX is expensive for new systems
and difficult to retrofit for existing systems. Thus, the LIMB technology will be
evaluated to achieve: (1) substantial reductions in SOx and NO* emissions at
about one-fifth of the cost of conventional flue gas desylfurization systems; (2)
50 to 70 percent $0X control and NOX emission levels of 0.3 to 0.4 Ib/million
Btu thermal input for retrofitting existing boilers; and (3) 50 to 70 percent SOX
control and NQX emission levels of 0.2 to 0.3 Ib/million Btu for new boiler
app1ications.
A systematic development is necessary to bring the LIMB technology to the
point where industry would be willing to commercialize it. To accomplish this,
the 1984 program will encompass the following: research on the reaction mechanisms;
systematic research at the small bench and pilot scale for a wide range of boiler
and fuel types; pilot scale testing to extrapolate the performance to commercial
scale; detailed analysis to identify potential operability and reliability problems;
and field application of the technology to representative boilers. Although the
LIMB program will not encompass federally funded full-scale demonstrations, EPA
will acquire and analyze performance data, and .disseminate results to the potential
users of LIMB systems.
Characterize and Evaluate SynfuelsDischarges and Control Technologies in
Suppo'rt of fnvlronniental 'Impact Statements TE'lSTand Permitting3'Acti₯''iti'es. Sxteri-
sive environmental data is required for the construction and operation of United
States synthetic fuel plants. The timely commercialization of these plants in an
environmentally acceptable manner necessitates that the Agency give technical assis-
tance to State and Regional permitting officials* This assistance Is based on exper-
tise gained by Agency research on source characterizations of synfuel plant emissions
and control technology evaluations.
As the synthetic fuels industry begins construction and operation of their
plants, engineering support will be provided to State and Regional authorities in
their review of EISs, permit application and Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC)
required monitoring plans. Consultation with the Agency by SFC applicants is re-
quired by the 1980 Energy Security Act (Public Law 94-294), Section 131 (e) for
preparation of their environmental monitoring plans. Emphasis is being placed on
technical assistance since some synthetic fuel plants will be operational and
evaluation will be possible of the pollution control systems associated with these
commercial scale operations.
E-14
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The Agency's waste water and air pollution control systems will be utilized
to test more sophisticated pollution controls and analyze waste streams. We plan
to test and evaluate controls anc! waste streams at two of the four conrnercial
scale United States coal conversion plants currently under construction and an
active United States oil stiale plant.
The Agency will be refining procedures for comparative combustion/sampling
testing of liquid synthetic and petroleum based fuels. Furtner studies of these
fuels will analyze vaporization of hazardous organics from them in transportation,
handling and storage.
1983 Proaram
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 39,632,900 and 25.3 permanent
workyears to this program, of which 33,37.3,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,259,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and
Development appropriation.
Develop and Evaluate LIMB/low NQy Control ...Techno logy. The performance of LIMB
system components process in a onemillTon BTU tange^nTfai ly-f ired and a one million
'BTU wall-fired furnace is being tested. Boiler conditions are being simulated, and
various types of coals are being used and .evaluated.
An assessment of a low NQX burner at Utah Power and Light Company is being
conducted, and an evaluation of a prototype distributed mixing low NOX coal burner
is being conducted at pilot plant scale to determine the extent of NOX capture in
both wall-fired and tangential ly-fired boilers. A variety of coal types are being
used and analyzed. These data are needed to review NSPS for utility boilers.
Field evaluations are being conducted for a low NO^ burner at the 25 MW Eastern
Illinois Cooperative utility wall-fired boiler test site.
Characterize and Evaluate Synfuels Discharges and Control Technologies. 1"
Supporj^Jo'f Enyi'rohmentaT Impact StatemenFlEIS) and Permi ttingActi vi ti es. In the'
design and construction phase of United States synthetic fuel plants, there are a
large number of EISs, permits and SFC required monitoring plans. The Agency will
continue to provide technical assistance to State and Regional officials in their
review of these documents, applications and plans. Technical assistance is expa.nd-
ing since the Pollution Control Technical Manuals and the Monitoring Reference
Manual have been published, and more environmental research data now is available
from synfuel pilot plant process technologies. Research in source characterization
and control technology evaluation is being conducted utilizing the A.gency's mobile
test facility and stationary facilities at the University of North Carolina and
North Carolina State University.
1983 Explanation of Changes froro Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
1982 AccompJ [sjunents
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $12,820,900 for this program, of which
S3,577,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,243,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop andEvaluate LIMB/low NOX Control Technology. Support for Federal and
State regulatory compliance was provided to the California Air Resources Board for
issuing construction permits for heavy oil/low NOX burners, to the Office of Air
Quality Standards for the industrial combustion modification program, and the low
NOX emissions program wherein lean burning conditions are being examined. Regional
support in State Implementation .Plan compl iance was provided through the preparation
of a operations and maintenance practice manual for boilers. A pilot evaluation
of a one million 8tu per hour wall-fired furnace With simulated boiler conditions
was conducted to test SOg removal by the LIMB process.
E-15
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Characterize and Evaluate Synfuels .--.,..,_:.._..:
port of £nv~ironnientalImpact Statement (E'iST "anQ~?ernrttng Activities.STxpro-
cess specific draft Pollution Control Technical Manuals JPCTMs) ana" a Control
Technology Appendix for coal based and oil shale fuels were completed. The process
technologies addressed in the manuals are direct and indirect coal liquefaction,
and three different combinations of oil shale retorting and mining operations.
The PCTMs will be very useful to the synfuel industry and oermitting officials
since tney represent unique and specific environmental data on emissions and con-
trols for synfuels process technologies.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating S450,000, all for extramural purposes under
the Research and Development appropriation,
Conduct Cold Climate Research. Research is being completed on the impacts of
energy development and use in cold climate areas. Emphasis is being placed on
evaluating the effects of carbon monoxide emissions from mobile sources and assess-
ing the impacts of oil and gas energy-related activities on permafrost soils.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There is no change from the Budget Estimate.
j.982Accompli shjents
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $6,511,300 for this program, of which
5506,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 56,005,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Risk Analysis for the Synfuel Industry. Preliminary environmental risk anal-
yses were peer reviewed to determine the adequacy of the technique being tested.
Initial atmospheric studies on synfuel plant emissions and transformation rates
were initiated. This data will be utilized in the exposure portion of the Inte-
grated Risk Analysis Program. Preliminary toxicity results of studies on complex
organic fuel mixtures from various pilot and demonstration synfuel facilities were
completed. This information will be utilized in the effects of portion of the
Integrated Risk Analysis Program.
Conduct Cold Climate Research. Two reports were completed. They were en-
titled; (I) An Assessment _ojf^Solid Waste Disposal Practtces_in_Alaska, and <2)
EPA's Cold Climate Research Needs.
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ENERGY
Qxi'dants Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Engineering
A Technology
Salaries 4 Expenses $1,585.0 $410.9
Research & Development $11,851.4 S966.9
TOTAL $13,436.4 $1,377.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Oxldants Energy
$1,585,0
$11,851.4
$410.9
$966.9
TOTAL $13,436.4 $1,377.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
20.5
20.5
5.3
5.3
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.31.0
31.0
8.4
8.4
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ENERGY
Qxidants Energy
Maj o r 0y tp u t s /M i 1 e s to ne s
Research and Assess Emission
Reduction Technologies
- Report on the applicability of
in-furnace NOX reduction to
domestically designed boiler and
U.S. coals (Env. Technology)
- Report on performance testing of
combustion modifications applicable
to spreader stoker boilers
[Env. Technology)
Actual
1982
12/83
12/82
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
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ENERGY
Oxidants Energy
Budget geauest.
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1983 Program
The research in this program has been transferred to the Air Oxidants program
in 1983, .except for resources associated with the limestone injection multi-stage
burner (LIMB) which were consolidated in the Multi-Media Energy program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
the net decrease of -51,377,800 results from the following action:
-Restructuring. (-$1,377,800) The Congressionally approved restructuring
eliroinated the Gases and Particles and the Oxidants - Energy program elements and
moved them into the Air program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
program effort; and, the end products are air regulations. The change to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation was -.5410,900; and, the change to the Research
and Development appropriation was -5966,900.
193 2 Ac c omp 1 i s htne n ts
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 513,436,400 to this program, of
which 51,585,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 511,851,400
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Research and Assess Em is sign Re d uc ti g n Techno 1o g i e s to S u pport P ermi 11i ng.New
Source Performance Standards THSPS), and CofnpTTance Acti vi ties. S burner manufac^
turer was se 1 ected to produce a cdmtnerci a 1 version of the heavy oil/low MO^ burner;
and, the field evaluation program was conducted. The applicability of in-furnace
NOX reduction to domestically designed boilers and United States coals was evaluated.
Performance testing of combustion modifications that are applicable to spreader
stoker boilers was completed. Combustion modification technologies, such as
reduced primary air, modification of fuel injection velocities, etc., was evaluated
on a coal-fired kiln. .Experiments to identify how the physical properties of coal
are related to NOX emissions under fuel-lean burning conditions were conducted.
An operations and maintenance practice manual was developed for burner manufacturers
and boiler owners and operators to assure compliance with regulations and to assure
that equipment is operated in a safe and reliable manner. A pilot evaluation of a
one million BTU per hour wall-fired furnace with simulated boiler conditions was
conducted to test SO? removal by the LIMB process.
Z-19
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ENERGY
Gases and Particles Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 19S4 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses 51,935.2 $1,8.03.7
Research I Development S7,546.0 $3,282.2
TOTAL $9,481.2 $5,085.9
Environmental Processes
I Effects
Salaries 4 Expenses $514.1 $283.0
Research & Development 55,325.5 $3,250.5
TOTAL $5,839,6 $3,533.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,449.3 $2,086.7
Research 4 Development $12,871.5 $6,532,7
Gases and Particles TOTAL 515,320.8 $8,619.4
Energy
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering 25.5 18,7
4 Technology
Environmental Processes 1.4 1.0
* Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 26.9 19.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering 37.1 31.2
4 Technology
Environmental Processes 11.5 5.6
« Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS 48.6 36.8
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ENERGY
Gases and Particles Energy
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Ml 1estones 1982 1983 1984
Research and Assess Emissions
Reduction Technologies
- Report on pilot field SOX capture 9/82
evaluations of spray-dryer/fabric
filter systems for 1985 NSPS review,
- Report on full scale adipic 9/82
acid enhanced limestone FGD
technology for 1985 NSPS review.
Develop and Validate Air Quality
Models
- A regional visibility model
for developing visibility 9/82
regulations.
- Report on the results Of
Small Hill Plume Impaction 9/82
Study Number 1 for devel-
opment of a complex terrain
model.
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ENERGY
Gases and Particles Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1934.
ENVIRONMENTAL_ENGINEERING AND TECHNOIOGY
1983 Program
Resources for this program have been transferred to the Gases and Particles
Air program in 19833 except for resources associated with the limestone injection
multi-stage burner (LIMB) which have been consolidated in the Multi-Media Energy
program.
1983 ExplanationofChangesfrom BudgetEstimate
The net decrease of -S5,085,900 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (-55,085,900) The Congressionally approved restructuring
eliminated the Gases and Particles and the Oxidants - Energy program elements and
moved them into the Air .program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
program effort; and., the end products are air regulations. The change to the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation was -$1,803,700 and the change to the Research
and Development appropriation was -53,282,200.
1982 Accomplisments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 59,481,200 for this program, of
which $1,935,200 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,546,000
was for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Research and Assess .Emission jeduc_t1on_Jechno1ogi'es to Support Permitting and
Comp1iance Activities\ During 1982 major technology transfer efforts included con-
ducting the Seventh.'FTue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Symposium, co-sponsored with the
Electric Power Research Institute, and the Fourth Symposium on the Transfer and
Utilization of Particle Control Technology, to transfer the latest findings to the
regulated and regulating communities.
An initial assessment on the use of adipic acid to enhance limestone FGD
systems in use confirmed that SOX removal can be increased from 70% to 905 and
that the use of the technology should permit compliance with SOX emission regula-
tions for utility boilers.
The cost-effective advantage of combined SOX and particle control using
dry-scrubbing with fabric filter baghouses was assessed and found to be superior
to conventional FGD systems for low and medium sulfur content coals.
A fundamental research effort was initiated to determine the basic mechanisms
of, and to account for, the exceptional performances of two-stage electrostatic
precipitators (ESP's) and electrostatically enhanced fabric filters (ESFF). Test-
ing of alternative types of two-stage ESP's in a flexible engineering scale pilot
plant was initiated to determine their potential for low sulfur coal fly ash col-
lection, and an ESFF baghouse was tested in a pilot unit. Both technologies show
E-22
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that up to a 50« reduction in operating and capital costs can be expected, the
limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) process was tested on a tangentially-
firsci pilot furnace.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1983 .P rogratn
Resources for this program have been transferred to the Gases and Particles
Air program in 1983.
1983 Explanationof Changes from Budget Estjmate
The net decrease of -53,533,500 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (-$3,483,500) The Congressional!,/ approved restructuring
eliminated the Gases and Particles and the Oxidants - Energy program elements and
raoved them into the Air program elements. This allows for better management and
accountability of resources because both Energy and Air have the same regulatory
program effort and the end products are air regulations. The change to the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation was -$233,000 and the change to the Research and
Development appropriation was --$3,250,500.
-Reprogramnn'ngs, (-$50,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramraings were raade to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$50,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments ' '
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 55,839,600 for this program, of which
$514,100 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,325,500 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models to Support Implementation, Hainte-
jTance and £ nforcementof MAQS. Research on the development of improved air qual-
itydispersion modefsfor use in complex terrain concentrated on plume impaction
on elevated terrain, involving both field studies and physical modeling experiments.
The results of Small Hill Plume Impaction Study Number 1 were published in the
fall of 1982, and Study Number 2 was initiated. A study of plume Impaction on a
two-dimensional ridge was conducted. The Green River Ambient Model Assessment
Study's first modeling output, a mountain valley air quality model, was completed.
In addition, a simple regional visibility model for use in developing visibility
protection regulations was completed.
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ENERGY
Water Quality Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET
198.2 ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Salaries & Expenses $645.0
Research & Development 52,756.6
TOTAL S3,40.1.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $645.0
Research & Development $2,756.6
Water Quality Energy TOTAL 53,401.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
6.3
6.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
10.4
10.4
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ENERGY
Water Quality Energy
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Hnestones 1982 1983 1984 _
Risk Analysis for Water Pollution
- A report describing the factors which 8/82
affect the nobilization, transport, and
bioavailability of mercury in reservoirs
located in the upper Missouri River
Basin, (Env. Proc.)
- A report describing the effects of 8/82
sediment-borne fuel oils on intertidal
fauna! recruitment. (Env. Proc.)
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ENERGY
Water Quality Energy
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
EHVIiiONMENTAL PROCESSES AMD EFFECTS
1983 Program
No resources are allocated for this program in 1983. Resources for this pro-
gram have been transferred to the Multi-Media Energy program to conduct research
in support of the development of health and environmental risk assessments for
synfuels, and to the Hazardous Waste program to conduct hazardous site assessment
research.
1982 Accomplishments
X
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 33,401,600 for this program, of
which 5645,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 32,756,600
was for extramural resources under the Research and Development appropriation,
Risk Analysis for Wa:ter Pol 1 ution. Reports were completed on the following:
(1) a noivequil ibrium approach to model ing heavy metals in acid flowing waters;
(2) the effects of sediment-borne fuel oils on intertida! fauna recruitment; and
(3) the factor.s affecting mobilization, transport, and bioavailabil ity of mercury
in reservoirs of the upper Missouri River Basin, Each of these reports will assist
various Regions and States in the establishment of more realistic wa.ste load allo-
cations for conservative materials, such as metals, and help establish the need
for more stringent State water quality standards.
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ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses S870.8
Research & Development $757.7
TOTAL $1,628.5
TOTAL;
Salaries 4 Expenses $870.8
Research & Development 5757.7
Industrial Wastewater TOTAL $1,628.5
Energy
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering :13.7
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 13.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering 21.0
& Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS 21.0
E.-27
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ENERGY
.Industrial Wastewater Energy
Ha jo r 0u tp u t s /H i 1 e s to n e s
Evaluate technologies for
reducing pollution caused by
fuel extraction
- Cowolete evaluations of cooling
water effluents from stream
electric po.wer plants - used
for the effluent guidelines
data base
Actual
1982
9/82
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
E-28
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ENERGY
Industrial Wastewater Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING. AND TECHNOLOGY
1983 Program
The Agency allocated no resources for this program in 1983. The research was
completed In 1982 and any additional requirements are being conducted in the base
research program.
1982 Accomplisnments
In 1982; the Agency obligated a total of $1,628,500 to this program, of which
$870,800 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $757,700 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Evaluate technologies for reducing pollution caused by fuel extraction. The
fuel extraction program was completed in 1982 with the final evaluation of tech-
nologies for reducing pollution to surface and groundwater caused by the surface
mining of coal in the Northern Great Plains area.
E-Z9
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ENERGY
Municipal Spills Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE -
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Municipal Spills
Energy
TOTAL
5120.0
$406.1
$526.1
$120.0
$406.1
$526.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.5
3.5
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS
3.5
3.5
£-30
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ENERGY
Municipal Spills Energy
Major Qutpjts/Hile stones
Develop techniques and procedures
to prevent and contain hazardous
spi-lls
- Develop impoundment/waste lagoon
spillage controls
- Develop guidelines for using
dispersants for controlling
spills
< Evaluate sorbents to contain
hazardous spills
- Develop manual s on spill prevention
- Evaluate foam/chemical layers to
control air dispersion from spills
- Develop manuals for Shoreline
cleanup of spills
- Develop fire control handbook for
hazardous substances
Current
Actual Estimate
1982 1983
9/84
9/84
1/84
12/82
12/82
9/82
12/83
Estimate
1984
E-31
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ENERGY
Municipal Spills Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1984.
ENVIRONME:HTAL ENGINEER ING AND TECHNOLOGY
1,983 Program
This program has been transferred to the Hazardous Waste program in 19.83.
198? Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5526,100 for this program, of which
$120,000 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $406,100 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation,
Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Spills.
Research in 1982 supported the regulatory requirements for spill prevention, control
and countermeasure plans for all facilities engaged in the production, storage,
refining, processing and distribution of hazardous materials.
£-32
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management MS-7
Program Management - A1r, Noise & Radiation MS-9
Program Management - Water... MS-10
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances., ,. MS-10
Program Management - Research 4 Development.. .. MS-11
Program Management - Solid Waste 4 Emergency Response.... MS-12
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator.. , MS-21
Regulatory Information Service Center MS-22
Administrator's Representation Fund...... ,. MS-22
Office of Executive Secretariat , MS-23
Office of Management Services...... ............... MS-23
Science Advisory Board , MS-24
Office of Legislation MS-25
Office of International Activities MS-25
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Office of Public Affairs ..". MS-29
Office of Federal Activities , MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges >... MS-31
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison MS-32
Office of SmalJ A Oisadvantaged Business Utilization MS-33
Office of Inspector General , MS-33
Office of Policy 8 Resource Management , MS-35
Program Management - Policy & Resource Management MS-38
Office of the Comptroller MS-38
Program Integration Project MS-3.9
Office of Policy Analysis , MS-40
Office of Standards and Regulations MS-41
Office of Management Systems 4 Evaluation ....". MS-42
Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel, MS-44
Program Management - Legal & Enforcement Counsel.... ., MS-45
General Counsel , MS-46
Regional Counsel MS-47
Office of Administration... MS-49
Program Management - Admi ni strati on ,... MS-53
Financial Management - Headquarters.....,...,,.... MS-54
Contracts S Grants Management HS-55
Personnel 4 Organization Services MS-57
Facilities 4 Management Services MS-58
Information Systems & Services..... , MS-60
MS-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT SUPPORTjcorit. )
Regional Management. .-,,....,...,.., ................. . ............... MS -63
Regional Management ........ . ...... .......... ...... .... ........... MS-65
Planning, Evaluation, & Analysis - Regions...', ....... . .......... MS-66
Financial Management - Regions ...... , ..... .... ........... . ....... MS-67
Personnel Management - Regions .................................. MS-68
Administrative Management - Regions ............ ................. MS-69
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs [[[ > . . MS-72
Nationwide Support Services ....................... . ............. MS-74
Headquarters Support Services ..... , .......... ................... MS-74
Regional Support Services. ____ , .................. . ........ . ...... MS-76
ADP Support Costs ............ ..... ...... . ................ ........ MS-76
Professional Training ................... . ................ , -------- MS -77
Lab Support - Research & Development. . . , . . ......... .......... , . . MS-78
Lab Support - Air, Noise & Radiation .................... ........ MS-78
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT £STIMATE INCREASE *
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 198* DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries 4 Expenses $221,237.8 $230,273.8 S231,484.0 $232,022.7 S538.7
Operations, Research & $114.4
Facilities
TOTAL, Agency Management & $221,,352.2 S230.273.8 $231,484.0 SS232..022.7 S538.7
Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,293.8 2,098.8 2,204.1 2,116.7 -87.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,860.7 2,532.8 2,723.6 2,627.4 -96.2
OUTLAYS $211,634.0 S235,438.0 $228,361.0 $225,901.0 -S3 ,960.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
MS-3
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction for alJ EPA programs,
associated staff and management activities, and those Agencywide administrative
anc support services which are not associates with one specific program.
The scope of management and support activities is largely a function of the
programs they serve. The level of funding requested for this medium, therefore,
supports the planned level of program activity. Further, the request reflects
the belief that, by eliminating duplicative functions, focusing on essential
services, increasing efficiency, and introducing a strong accountability system,
the Agency can provide more effective management activities at less cost than
would otherwise occur.
The major components in thi-s medium are Program Management, Agency Management,
Regional Management, and Support Costs.
The Program Management component includes policy development, program develop-
ment and oversight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's en-
vironmental program offices. These include the Offices of Air, Noise, and Radiation;
Water; Pesticides .and Toxic Substances; Research and Development; and Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.
The Agency Management component contains the Offices of the Administrator,
Policy .and Resource Management, Legal and Enforcement Counsel, and Administration.
The Regional Management component includes the Offices of the Regional Admin-
istrators and those centralized management and administrative functions performed
in each Region.
The Support Costs component contains nonpersonnel costs for Agency services
such as laboratory and office supplies, building operations and maintenance, local
telephone service and other utilities, telecommunications, rental costs for our
facilities, a.nd central computer services. There are three categories within
this general component: Agency; Regional; and, Program Support Services. Agency
Support Services include all office and building services for Headquarters, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTP), and Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as certain
Ageneywide services which are managed on a centralized level, e.g., facility
rentals., Federal Telecommunications Services, and ADP support costs. Regional
Support Services provide common services in the Regional Offices, such as office
supplies, equipment, printing, and local telephones. Program Lab Support funds
provide general operating services to specific program facilities or laboratories.
AREAS OF MAJOREMPHASIS
The Executive Offices, which include the Immediate Office of the Adminis-
trator, are emphasizing better internal management to allow more focused respon-
siveness to the Administrator's priorities. Priorities in 1984 will include im-
proved relations with States and local governments to facilitate program delegation
as well as other integrated approaches toi environmental regulation; greater scienti-
fic credibility in regulatory decision-making through the increased emphasis on
reviews by the Science Advisory Board; improved coordination among major outreach
staff offices to ensure that EPA's external activities reflect the interests and
policies of the Administrator; and, continued efforts to eliminate the backlog of
construction grant final audits.
In the Office of Policy and Resource Management (OP.RM), the Agency is develop-
ing a framework for a well-run strategic planning and raanagetiient process to ensure
that EPA's program objectives and environmental .goals are clearly defined and met.
MS-4
-------
Trie emphasis will be toward a stronger arid more coherent regulatory development
and review process. This will subsequently improve both the process and substance
of regulatory decision-making by enhancing our ability to measure the benefits
associated witn Tiajor regulations, and improving the scientific snd engineering
analysis that supports the regulation development proces.s.
The Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) performs both general
management and legal services in this medium. !n addition to providing routine
legal support to the various offices of the Agency, OLEC efforts in 1984 will
focus on developing policies to assure consistent Agencywide legal interpreta-
tions, elimination of duplicative legal reviews, and adequate legal support to
States seeking to assume environmental programs. In addition, emphasis will be
placed on coordination with enforcement efforts to assure the success of the
Agency'.s civil and criminal litigation .or other noncompliance remedies.
In 1934, the Office of Administration .{OA), building upon initiatives begun
in 1982 and 1983, will continue to institutionalize a cost-consciousness in all
the various functions .and activities for which we have responsipil ity* We will
work to improve EPA's financial management system so .that it is more controlled
and disciplined, though still responsive to both Agency-wide and program-specific
needs. We will consolidate management and control over Agency ADP systems in a
central office within OA to eliminate duplicative systems and redirect resources
to improve access to automated data bases and efficient electronic communications
systems. We will continue to automate systems, wherever practical, and to upgrade
the information available to EPA's senior managers. By simplifying and stream-
lining our procurement and contracting processes in a fiscally sound way, we
will make it easier for EPA programs to achieve their missions without sacrificing
financial integrity. Lastly, OA will develop a human resources management system
designed to meet EPA's policies and goals, which ensures that we have an adequately
trained and skilled workforce in the most cost-effective manner.
In the Regional management areas, resources provide services consistent with
Regional program workforce levels. With o.ur commitment to strengthen Regional
environmental programs, we have maintained strong Regional planning, resources
planning and analysis, and management efforts.
We are requesting full funding for those fixed costs carried within the Sup-
port Services accounts. At the same time, we are developing strategies to contain
those costs over which we have control. In Headquarters, for instance, we are
consolidating Agency space holdings and have instituted accountability systems
for telephone and mail services. We are building upon cost containment strategies
developed and implemented during 1982 and 1983, including initiatives such as
centralizing our distribution functions, strengthening ADP audits, maintaining a
tight strategy for training EPA employees which assures maximum benefit to the
Agency, and continuing to control our printing activities.
-MS-5
-------
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Program
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT_& SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management. MS-7
Program Management - Air, Noise & Radiation MS-9
Program Management - Water...... , , MS-10
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-10
Program Management - Research 4 Development MS-11
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-'12
MS-6
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 V.S 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Air, Noise and
Radiation
Salaries i Expenses 52,136.7 $2,147.7 $2,143.8 52,163.0 $19.2
TOTAL S2.136.7 $2,147.7 $2,143.8 $2,163.0 519.2
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses $2,477.3 $2,570.5 $2,566.7 $2,411.4 -$155.3
TOTAL $2,477.3 $2,570.5 $2,566.7 $2,411.4 -$155.3
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses $2,428.4 $2,693.1 $2,698.1 $2,464.8 -$233.3
TOTAL $2,428.4 $2,693.1 $2,698.1 $2,464.8 -$233.3
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses $3',710.2 $4,011.5 $3,996.8 $3,949.3 -547.5
Operations, Research & $28.3
Facilities
TOTAL $3,738.5 $4,011.5 $3,996.8 $3,949.3 -$47.5
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses $786.2 $463.4 $850.1 $1,352.5 $502.4
TOTAL $786.2 $463.4 $850.1 $1,352.5 $502.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,538.8 $11,886.2 $12,255.5 $12,341.0 585.5
Operations, Research & $28.3
Facilities
Program Management TOTAL $11,;567.1 $11,886.2 $12,255.5 $12,341.0 $85.5
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Program Management - 44.4 37.2 37.2 37.2
Air, Noise and
Radiation
Program Management - 40.3 39.6 41.6. 39.6 -2.0
Water
MS-7
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
°rogram Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
50.4 40.0 42.0 40.0 -2.0
63.4 49.2 48.9 47.2 -1.7
11.5 6.6 20.5 21.6 1,1
210.0 172.6 190.2 185.6 -4.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air, Noise and
Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS
49.1
47.8 46.£
47.8 1.0
45.0 56.6 54.3 48.6 -5.7
60.2 59.3 57.9 56.3 -1.6
80,6 66.8 65.0 ' 63.8 -1.2
17.2 8.7 22.6 27.0 4.4
252.1 239.2 246.6 243.5 -3.1
MS-8
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,341,000 for Salaries and Expenses and 135.6
permanent workyears for 1984. This reflects an increase of $85,500 and a decrease
of 4,6 permanent workyears. Overall, the decrease in workyears results from a re-
duction in administrative and management overhead as well as the emphasis on .allo-
cating resources to higher priority programs.
Program Description
The Program Management component provides resources generally for the Assis-
tant Administrators, Office Directors and their Immediate staffs, for EPA's five
major program Offices; Air, Noise and Radiation; Water; Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances; Research and Development; and Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Resour-
ces provide for formulation of overall management and programmatic policy, and
centralized planning and budgeting. Activities also include the coordination and
integration of programs throughout the Agency as well as performing liaison activi-
ties with Congress, OMB and other Federal Agencies and States.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR. NO ISE AND RAD IATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,163,000 and 37.2 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This represents an in-
crease of 5,19,200 from 1983 to fund increased personnel costs for public health
service employees- In 1984, the emphasis of the program will once again be on
effective and efficient general management; strategic planning; administrative
and budget support; and policy development and direction. This program will con-
tinue to develop policies related to legislative mandates.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 52,143,800 and 37,2 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. Major program emphases
for 1983 are implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic
Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and development of
major policies related to these acts.
/
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -S3,900 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-$3,900) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Aceomp1 i shroents
In 1982, the Agency obligated 52,136,700 for this program, all of which was
for Salaries and Expenses. The program provided executive management, strategic
planning and analysis, and budget and administrative support to OANR programs.
Work continued on reauthorization of the Clean Air Act and the orderly phase-out
of the Noise Office was completed.
MS-9
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER
The Agency requests S2, 411,400 for Salaries and expenses and 39.6 permanent
workyea.rs. This represents a decrease of $155,300 and 2.0 permanent workyears.
This reduction is attributable to the anticipated cornel etion of work by a staff
task force which reports to t,1e Intra-Agency Sludge Policy Comraittee. Tne Com-
mittee recommendations will be implemented in 1984 by the appropriate program
offices. The request supports the continued development and implementation of a
reoriented national regulatory program for the Water Quality and Drinking Water
media and for their enforcement program. Resources are provided for developing
strategies for water programs throughout the Agency; management directions and
supervision of organizations; management of the Office of Water operating outdance
and accountability system; development of program plans and budget for itnol ementa-
tion of Agency policies and programs and tracking of budget execution; administra-
tive management, and analysts of policy issues and monitoring of program perfor-
mance from both a scientific and programmatic perspective.
1933 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $2,5<56,7QQ for Salaries and Expenses and
41.6 permanent workyears. The Agency will continue to focus on the reauthoriza-
tion process for the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Marine
Protection and Sanctuaries Act; accompanying that process will be the development
of strategies to implement amendments. Also in this program is a task force on
municipal sludge policy which reports to the Intra-Agency Sludge Policy Committee.
The task force will prepare guidance on the disposal and utilization of sludge
and will review the need for, and possible structure of, additional or altered
EPA regulations governing sludge management activities.
1983 Exp 1 anati on of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -33,800 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-53,800) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was .applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, this program obligated 32,477,300 for Salaries and Expenses, A major
focus was to improve Office of Water management through increased and better pro-
gram integration and redirection of major activities such as Construction Grants.
Another focus was the Construction Grants amendments to the Clean Water Act and
the implementation of these amendments.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1934 Program ^Request
The Agency requests $2,464,800 for Salaries and Expenses and 40.0 permanent
workyears, a reduction of $233,300 and 2 permanent workyears. The decreases
reflect reduced requirements for general administration and oversight. These
resources will provide for senior level management of the pesticides and .toxic
substances program as well as for the immediate office of the Assistant Adminis-
trator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Senior management will continue to
emphasize sound scientific judgment in .decision making and maintenance of backlog
levels at or near zero.
MS^IO
-------
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating 52,698,100 in Salaries and Expenses and 42.0
permanent workyears for this program. Management will build on the efforts begun
in 1982 to reduce backlogs and will emphasize the use of sound scientific judgment.
1983 Explanation of Changes frorojiudgetEstimate
The net increase of +55,000 results from the following actions:
-Cpngressiona 1 Actions. (+$55,000) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activityresulted in the following changes.
(+559,700) This increase includes +$59,700 of the $10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time work/ears
provided to the Agency.
(-$4,700) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and Support
activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprograninn'ngs. (-550,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings .were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Aceomp1i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $2,428,400 for this program, all under the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The major accomplishment 1n 1982 was the
large reduction in pesticides and toxic substances processing backlogs achieved
under the policy and direction of senior level management.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,949,300 for Salaries and Expenses and 47.2
permanent workyears, decreases of $47,500 and 1.7 permanent workyears from 1983.
These decreases result from the implementation of an automated planning and track-
ing system which will monitor ORD program resources and link performance and outputs
with- budget plans.
In 1984, efforts will continue to ensure the integration of research efforts
at Headquarters, in laboratories and field sites, as well as to coordinate the
research program planning cycle for ORD, including the development of research
strategies and program plans and conducting program reviews when appropriate.
Resources requested will continue to provide on-site coordination and support for
the ORD laboratories in Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park. Also included are
resources to operate and enhance the ORD information systems.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of S3,996,800 for Salaries and
Expenses and 48.9 permanent workyears to this program. The activities provided
for by these resources are required on a continuing basis to provide overall
direction and support for the scientific, technical, and administrative management
of EPA's research and development programs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -514,700 results from the following action:
MS-U
-------
-Congressional Action. (-514,700) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was
made to Management and Support activities an-d was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses .appreciation.
1982 AccomDli.shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 53,738.500 of *hic;i S3..710,200 was
in trie Salaries ana Expenses appropriation and 328,300 was in trie Operations,
Research and Facilities appropriation. These resources provided for, among other
activities, the scientific, technical and administrative management of ORQ's pro-
grams, the coordination and integration of its research efforts, general adminis-
trative and planning and budget support.
MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
19.64 Program Request
The Agency reouests 51,352,500 for Salaries and Excesses sn.d 21.6 permanent
workyears, an increase of 1.1 permanent workyears and 3502,400. This Salaries and
Expense increase reflects increased payroll costs and support to the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response's (OSWER) management information systems. The
request supports the development and implementation of the Hazardous Waste and
Superfund programs, The request also provides for the review of policy and pro-
posed regulations -for conformity to law, executive orders, and Administrator's
guidance and to monitor program performance. In addition, this function is sup-
ported by resources from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 3850,100 for Salaries and Expenses and 20,5
permanent workyears. Expected accomplishments include: implementation of an
overall OSWER management plan, including measures of accountability and effective-
ness; integration of Hazardous Waste and Superfund activities; and the introduction
of new policies designed to reduce regulatory burdens without sacrificing protec-
tion to public health and the environment.
19S3 ExplanationofChangesfrom Budget Estimate
The net increase of +3386,700 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$386,700) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted Tn the following changes.
(+5387,300) This increase includes +3387,200 of the S10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time work-
years provided to the Agency.
(-$500) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made to Management and Support
activities and was applied proportionately to al! offices in that media in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982Accomp 1 i snments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $786,200 for Salaries and Expenses. Major
emphasis was placed on those activities .which attend the creation of any new office:
staffing, defining goals and objectives, and determining responsibilities. Major
activities and accomplishments included developing management plans to implement
both the Hazardous Waste and Superfund programs, proposing hazardous waste land
disposal regulations, and publishing the National Contingency Plan.
MS-12
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Agency
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Sudget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of trie Administrator/Executive Offices HS-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator,, MS-21
Regulatory Information Service Center MS-22
Administrator's Representation Fund ,....,,,,. MS-22
Office of Executive Secretariat MS-23
Office of Management Services.... MS-23
Science Advisory Soard , MS-24
Office of^ Legislation., MS-25
Office of International Activities.. MS-26
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Office of Public Affairs MS-29
Office of Federal Activities MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-31
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison .,..., MS-32
Office of Small & Disadvantage*! Business Utilization MS-32
Office of Inspector General.. , MS-33
Office of Policy 4 Resource Management...., MS-35
Program Management - Policy 4 Resource Management.!'. MS-38
Office of the Comptroller MS-38
Program Integration Project , MS-39
Office of Policy Analysis , MS-40
Office of Standards and Regulations MS-41
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation.,,..., MS-42
Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel MS-44
Program Management - Legal & Enforcement Counsel MS-45
General Counsel > , MS-46
Regional Counsel , ,... MS-47
Office of Administration , MS-49
Program Management - Administration..,., .,... MS-53
Financial Management - Headquarters . MS-54
Contracts & Grants Management HS-55
Personnel 3 Organization Services MS-57
Facilities S Management Services MS-58
Information Systems & Services ,....,... MS-60
MS-13
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & -Expenses
TOTAL
Regulatory Information
Service Center
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries S Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Executive
Secretariat
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Management
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Legislation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Legislation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
$2,299.7
$2,299.7
$363.5
$863.5
$2.4
$2.4
$526.1
5526.1
$1,292.9
$1,292.9
$1,086.1
$1,086.1
$1,106.8
$1,106.8
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$2,276.7
$2,276.7
$550.0
$550.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,088.7
$1,088.7
$959.5
$959.5
$835.9
$835.9
$1,028.3
$1,028.3
$1,008.1
$1,008.1
$2,183.1
$2,183.1
$546.9
$546.9
$3.0
$3.0
$401.6
.5401. 6
$474.5
$474.5
$1,059.9
$1,059.9
SI, 720. 7
$1,720.7
$953.3
$953.3
$1,012.2
$1,012.2
$2,012.0
$2,012.0
$568.3
$568.3
$3.0
$3.0
$459.8
$459.8
$526.8
$526.8
$1,064.6
$1,064.6
$1,811.6-
$1,811.6
$1,035.8
$1,035.8
$1,094.6
$1,094.6
-$171. 1
-S171.1
$21.4
$21.4
$58.2
$58.2
$52.3
.$52.3
$4.7
$4.7
S90.9
$90.9
$82.5
$82.5
$82.4
$82.4
MS-14
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
)ff"ics of the Adnrim'strator/Exec'jt'ive Offices
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1964 VS 1983
Civil Rights
Investigations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Federal Women's Program
Salaries 3 Expenses
Office of Public
Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
Office of
Administrative
Law Judges
Sal aries $> Expenses
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liai son
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Regional
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
S154.3
5154.3
$10.7
S10.7
$1,527.3 SI, 421.1 51,297.3 51,393.1
SI,527.3 51,421.1 SI,297.3 51,393.1
$1,406.2 51,189.1 51,268.7 SI,643.9
51,406.2 $1,189.1 51,268,7 51,643.9
$561.0
$561.0
$451.7
$451.7
5626.9
5626.9
S352.7
S352.7
5109.5
5109.5
5645.0
$645.0
5556.4
5556.4
S701.8
5701.8
$532.2
$532.2
595.8
595.8
S375.2
S375.2
$56.3
$56.8
-:$24,2
-524.2
Office of Small &
Oisadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
Office Of Inspector
General
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the
Administrator/
Executive Offices
TOTAL
TOTAL
$198.5
$198.5
$162.5
-5162.5
5189.0
5189.0
$207.1
5207.1
$11,530.2 $11,564.2 $11,956.5 $12,163.1
511,530.2 $11,564.2 511,956.5 512,163.1
22,852.4 23,341.2 24,268.1 25,217.7
TOTAL 22,852.4 23,341.2 24,268.1 25,217.7
$18.1
518.1
S206.6
$206.6
949.6
949.6
MS-15
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Regulatory Information
Service Center
Office .of Executive
Secretariat
Office of Management
Services
Science Advisory Board
Office of Legi slation
Office of Legislation
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Office of Publ ic
Affairs
Office of Federal
Activities
Office of
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS]
48.5 48.6
6.3 5.0
8.6 16.1
26.5 23.4
15.5
18.9 15.0
19.9 16.6
32.2 18,9
27.7 24.2
13.6 15.0
1
45.6
5.0
11.0
10.0
14.1
33.9
14.0
1
14.6
20.1
Z4.2
1.5.0
37.6 -8.0
5.0
11.0
10.0
14.1
31.9 -2.0
14.0
14.6
20.1
24.2
15.0
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liaison
Office of Regional
Liaison
Office of Small &
Oisadvantaged Business
Utilization
Office Of Inspector
General
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
6.3
4.6'
135.6
4.9
1.5
3.1
8.4
4.1
6.4 -2,0
4.1
140.7 153.7 140.7 -13.0
348.7 348.5
373.7
348.7 -25.0
MS-16
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 19.83 1984 VS 1983
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Immediate Office of
the Administrator
Regulatory Information
Service Center
Office of Executive
Secretariat
Office of Management
Services
Science Advisory Board
Office of Legislation
Office of Legisl ation
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Office of Public
Affairs
Office of Federal
Activities
Office of
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
60. 8 59.3 49.3
7.4 5.0 5.0
15.8
14.2
12.0 25.9 23.9
35.4 31.0 44.6
19.4
27.7 23.0 22.0
27.6 23.8 21.3
35.9 24.3 25.5
34.3 30.3 29.3
13.6 15.5 15.6
41.3 -8.0
5.0
15.8
14.2
23.9
43.4 -1.2
22.0
21.8
25.5
29.3
15.6
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of
Intergovernmental
Liaison
Office of Regional
Liai son
Office Of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Util ization
Office Of Inspector
General
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.1
5.4
7.1
2.6
3.9
11.7
4.9
9.7
4.9
-2.0
156.8 170.7 183.7 170.7 -13.0
426.0
441-.9 467.3 443.1 -24.2
MS-17
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,217,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 348.7 permanent workyears for the Office of the Administrator in
1984. This is an increase of S949,600 and a decrease of 25.0 permanent workyears
from 1983. Workyear reductions occur primarily in the Office of Inspector Genera]
and in the Immediate Office of the Administrator. The resources will support
stronger executive management in the form of fiercer policy guidance, more effective
relations with Congress, and better quality scientific advice for the entire Agency,
Program Description
This program includes the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate
Office of the Administrator, the staff offices which report directly to the
Administrator, and the Office of Inspector General, the latter of which comprises
48 percent of total office resources. The Administrator and Deputy Administrator
are responsible for providing policy and direction to the Agency and ensuring
implementation of their policies; the staff offices provide cross-cutting Agency
guidance for scientific review of regulations and research, Congressional and
intergovernmental liaison activities, international environmental initiatives, as
well as civil rights, public affairs, administrative law hearings, and audit and
investigative functions.
Immediate Office of the Administrator -- This office includes: the Admini-
strator and Deputy Administrator, specTal assistants to the Administrator in
the various program areas, a Judicial Officer, speech writers, clerical support
staff, drivers and messengers.
Regulatory Information Service Center - The Center 1s responsible for tab-
ulating "aridcompilTrig1 nfonriati orf provided by other Federal agencies concerning
their regulatory efforts.
Administratpr's Representatlon Fund -- The Fund is used for official re-
ceptions , meetings, afvS af f airshosted primarily by the Administrator for do-
mestic and foreign officials.
Office of Executive Secretariat This office is responsible for handling,
processiirgy ~aridtracking aTT oT the Administrator's correspondence, Deputy Ad-
ministrator's correspondence^ Congressional correspondence, and Freedom of !n»-
formation (FOI) correspondence.
Office of Management Services -- This office provides centralized budget plan-
ning afui implementation, resource management, personnel, and administrative sup-
port services to the Administrator and staff offices.
Science Advisory Board ~ The Board consists of a Director, professional
and clericalstaff,aBdapproximately 50 indeoendent scientists and engineers
who advise the Administrator on the scientific and technical bases of the Agency's
decisions. They review the scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the ade-
quacy of Agency research and the research planning process, the five-year re-
search and development plan, as well as special requests from the Administrator,
the Deputy Administrator and the Congress. The SAB prepares findings and re-
commendations in technical reports which are Jegally required to be sent direct-
ly to the Administrator and to the Congress.
MS-18
-------
0ffice of Legis]ation -- This office serves as the principal point of Congres-
sional 'contact" for the" Agency. It provides summaries of Congressional activities
throughout I'-A and assists the Administrator and senior pc'icy officials if. develop-
ing pl'ans for trie Agency's legislative program. The office is responsible for
preparing draft legislation and testimony to the Congress. In addition, it reviews
all Congressional correspondence, responds to Congressional requests for informa-
tion and coordinates crar.t and contract announcements.
Office of Internationa1 Activities -- This office provides guidance and manage-
ment Torthe Agency's fnTerriationalactivities and programs with Western European
countries, Japan, Brazil, and the Caribbean nations, in addition to the Agency's
Scientific Activities Overseas (SAO) Program. The office also manages agreements
with Canada and Mexico on cross-boundary environmental issues and oversees Agency
involvement in the activities of international organizations such as the united
Nations Environmental Program, the World Health Organization, and the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Finally, the office plays a
strong role in formulating and implementing Agency policies that affect the inter-
national marine environment.
0 f f i ce of C i vi 1 Rights -- This office .iianage-s the Agency's civil rights pro-
grams"It providespolicy guidance to the Administrator and evaluates activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal Opportunity
and prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA. This program also supports
the area Civil Rights Directors at major research and field installations in
Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park, and Las Vegas, the activities of the Agency's
Federal Women's Program Committee, and processing of discrimination complaints
lodged by Agency employees and applicants for employment.
Office of Public Affairs This office develops Agency policy for media
relations and public information. Its activities include: preparing press releases
and feature material for media distribution; responding to press inquiries; con-
ducting press conferences and briefings; coordinating media appearances of key
Agency officials; and compiling daily and weekly news clips of national press
coverage. In addition, under the EPA Peer and Administrative Review Control System,
the office reviews all public information materials for conformance to policy and
to the Agency's Graphics Standards System.
Q f f i ce of^F edera 1 Acti vi ti es This office develops national policies for
deal ing with ehvi rarimentali s s~u e s and problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, the Office of Federal Activities is responsible for ensuring that
EPA and other Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309
of the Clean Air Act. In this capacity, OFA files and publishes notices of all
Environmental Impact Statements. Additionally, in concert with the Army Corps
of Engineers, OFA manages the Dredge and Fill program under Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act. OFA also oversees Federal facilities compliance with environ-
mental requirements, and specifically with Executive Order 12088.
Office .of Administrative Law Judges -- Judges from this pffice preside over
and conduct hearings required By tmT~Administrative Procedures Act related to
appeals of Agency regulations and decisions.
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison This office serves as the Agency's
princTpal "penntJ6T "conTact"^-witi-T'lIJor national public interest groups and State
and local governments. It also serve$ to emphasize the Administrator's concern
with developing cooperation and support for delegating more responsibility for
Agency programs to State and local governments. To these ends, it assists State
and local officials with their requests for information, arranges meetings with
them, and encourages State and local involvement in EPA's regulatory process.
MS-19
-------
Office of Small and 01 sadvantaged Bu s i nesjJJ tjj1 zation - This office provides
Agency-wide oversight TTi iniplemeritingprograms "underSections 8 and 15 of the
Small Business Act (as amended) to further tne utilization of E.PA procurement and
financial assistance programs by small and disadvantaged businesses. It develops
national policy for EPA and serves as the focal point for providing guidance for
implementing the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise policy
unfler grants and cooperative agreements.
Of flee of I n s p ec tor 6 ene r a 1 -- This office, the largest single component
of th£ Office of the Administrator, is responsible for: conducting, supervising,
and coordinating audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and opera-
tions; promoting economy and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs;
preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; Veeoing
the Administrator and Congress fully informed about problem areas and related
corrective action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
MS-20
-------
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
n' Reauest
The Agency requests a total of 52,012,000 and 37.6 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrea.se of 5171,100 and 8,0 permanent workyears resulting from work
achieved with 1983 resources for developing and implementing improvements in
coordination of EPA's outreach activities, the major focus of activity in 1984
will be to ensure better internal management, continue regulatory reform, pursue
delegation of programs to States and local governments, and support enhanced
science as a basis for decision-making,
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,183,100 and 45.6 permanent
workyears to this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. In 1933, resources will be applied to improve coordination among our
major outreach staff offices and ensure that EPA external activities reflect the
overall interests and positions of the Administrator, as well as to improve
Agency communication on issues with major outside organizations, Congress, and
public interest groups. Staff resources will also be devoted to a workforce plan-
ning initiative to provide policy guidance and support to the Administrator in
evaluating reorganizations and staffing considerations. The Agency will consider
alternatives for continuing these activities beyond 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -593,600 results from the following actions:
-Reorganization. (-5514,400) The Congressionally approved reorganization
within the staff offices created the Office of Management Services which consoli-
dated the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services func-
tions into one office. It also created the Executive Secretariat, which because
of the Administrator' s interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information, Executive Correspondence,
and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Actions. (+$201,200) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
(+5203,400) This increase includes +5203,400 of the S10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-52,200) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$219,600) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +5219,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
JUxompHshnients
in 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 52,299,700 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Immediate Office com-
pleted the consolidation of administrative, resource, personnel and correspondence
activities through a reorganization of functions and the creation of the Offices
of Management Services and Executive Secretarial. Work was completed on the newly
operational Executive Correspondence Tracking system.
-------
a£GULATORY INFORMATION .SERVICE CENTER
The Regulatory Information Service Center .requests a total of S.568,300 and
5.0 permanent workyears, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This is an increase 0* 321,^00 znaner-* v/o^kyears.
The Center will publish two editions of the Unified Agenda .of Fecferal Regulations
a:nd will maintain an automated data base of Federal Government regulatory activity.
The Center will also continue its monthly analysis of Federal Register -Statistics.
1983 Program
The Regulatory Information Service Center is allocating a total of 5546,900
and 5.0 permanent workyears, all of #'rvich is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Center produced the first Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations in
October 1932. The second edition of the Unified Agenda will be published in Apri]
1983. The Center will also.place into operation .an automated data base of Federal
regulatory activity, as well as continue its monthly analysis of the Federal Regi-
ster's Statistics.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -53,100 results from the following action:
-Cpngressiona1Action. (-53,100) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was
made to Management afieJ Support activities ana was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5863,500 for this program, all of
which was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, Th:e Center produced the
final edition of the Calendar of Federal Regulations, developed a prototype of the
Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations, and performed the development work for the
automation of Federal regulatory activity. The Center also instituted an analysis
of Federal Register Statistics, which was continually refined during the course of
the year.
ApMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S3.,OQO for this program, all of which is used
under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects no chance from the
1983 level.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 33,000 to this program, all of
which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget.; Estimate
There is no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of S2.40Q for this function under the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-22
-------
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
19S4 Proqran Reauest
The Agency re-quests a total of 545-9,300 and 11.0 permanent workyears for this
prograrrt, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $53,200 and r.o permanent iwkyears f^cm 1932 levels. This
office will continue to manage tne Administrator's correspondence, Deputy Adfiiinis^
trator's correspondence, Congressional correspondence, and Freedom of Information
(FOI) correspondence.
19-33 Program
!n 1983, the Agency is allocating ;« total of $401,500 and 11.0 ?eraar>ent work-
years for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Through the newly completed Executive Correspondence Tracking System, the office
will track ana monitor all incoming and outgoing Agency corresponaence. The office
will prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the pub-
lic of adainistsring the Freedom of Infonnation Act. A reorganization of activi-
ties, approved by the Congress, resulted in the establishment of this program
element beginning in 1983.
1933 E xpj .ainait jo n J3 f Chan ge sfrom Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$401,600 results froro"th.e following actions:
- Reorganization. (+3335,100] The Congressionally approved reorganization
within the staff offices created the Office of Management Services which consoli-
dated the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services func-
tions into one office. It also created the Executive Secretariat, which because
of the Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Infonnation, Executive Correspondence,
and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Action. (-S300) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made
to Management ana Support activities ancf was applied proportionately to all offices
1n that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprggraminings. ( + 566,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograramings were made to this activity which ara not reportable under
the Congressional reprograwning limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of tS56,300 to the Salaries and 'Expenses appropriation,
1982 AccompJ i shments
No resources were obligated by this office in 1982. Activities and resources
supporting this program in 1982 were performed in the Immediate Office of the
Administrator, and the Office of Legislation.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5526,800 ana 10.0 permanent workyears, all of
which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of 552,300 and no additional permanent workyears from 1983 levels. This office
will continue to provi.de administrative, personnel management and budget support
to staff offices in the Office of the Administrator. Activities will focus on
improving resource and personnel utilization by centralizing financial management
and automating personnel records.
MS-23
-------
1983 Program
in 1383, the Agency is allocating a total of S47s50C and li.C permanent
workyears for this program, :all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. The Office will monitor resource expenditures, develop planning studies to
save space and lessen resource demands, provide uniform personnel and atiministra-
t-vs support services, and assist stcr"-f offices *ith recru' t-uent ana star" fine anc
property control, A reorganization of activities, approved by the Congress,
resulted in the establishment of this program element beginning in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes From Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5474,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprgan i za ti on, ( + $330,000) The Congressionally approved reorganization
within~the staff offices created the Office of Management Services which consoli-
dated the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services func-
tions into one office. It also created tne Executive Secretariat, wnicn oecause
of the Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspond-
ence tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information, Executive Correspond-
ence, and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Action. {-$300) A general reduction of -31,350,000 wa-s made
to Managementand Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. ff$94,8QQ) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgramrai rigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprpgramnting limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +594,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
No resources were obligated by this office in 1982. Activities and resources
supporting this program in 1982 were performed in the Immediate Office of the
Administrator, and the staff offices.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,064,500 and 14.1 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, this
reflects an increase of $4,700 and no permanent workyears from 1983 levels. This
increase will be used to expand the number of meetings held to address selected
issues. The Deputy Administrator will identify 15-25 major regulatory issues for
the Science Advisory Board to review in 1984.. This program will enable the Admini-
strator and the Agency to gain greater credibility by basing regulatory decisions
o.n scientific and technical data which has been reviewed by the Science Advisory
Board (SAB).
1983 Proaram
The Agency is allocating a total of 51,059,900 and 14.1 permanent workyears
to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation._ The
SAB will be involved in a number of reviews during .1983. Included among these
will be High Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Standards; Site-specific Water
Quality Criteria; Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment; Maximum Contaminant
Levels for Volatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water; Health Advisories on
Aldicarb and on Unregulated Contaminants in Drinking Water; Effluent Guidelines
for the Pesticide Industry; EPA's Sludge Management Guidelines; proposed revisions
MS-24
-------
to the Agency's Secondary Treatment Regulations; Air quality criteria documents
for lead and ozone published under Section 108, and national primary and secondary
ambient air quality standards, published under Section 10? of the Clean Air Act;
Critical Assessment Document for Acidic Deposition; Health Risk Assessment Metho-
dology for Alternative National Ambient Air Quality Standards; review of proposals
to reorganize EPA'.s research laboratories; EPA's Five Year .Research and Develop-
ment Pl.an; and review of Meclth .Assessment Documents for Hazardous Pollutants.
1983 ExplanationofChanges from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -S28.800 results from the following actions:
-Congrgssi onal Actions. (+$1,200) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
(+$3,400) This increase includes +53,400 of the S10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-$2,200) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$30,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprograntming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -$30,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $526,100 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. During 1982, the SAB
provided advice on the scientific and .technical aspects of a variety of environ-
mental issues., as requested by the Administrator and as mandated by Congress.
Among the issues reviewed by the Board during 1982 were the following: scientific
and technical bases of the August 1982 proposed regulations to control the use of
lead in gasoline; the proposed Effluent Guidelines for the organic chemicals
and plastics and .synthetic fibers industries; multiple-exceedence approach for a
carbon monoxide national ambient air quality standard; draft Health Assessment
Document for Toluene; Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions; in addition
to numerous other health assessment documents and issues(
OFFICE OF LEGISLATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,811,600 and 31.9 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects an increase of 590,900 and a decrease of 2.0 permanent workyears over
1983 levels. During 1984, the office will realize efficiencies in dealing with
Congressional and Agency requests due to automation of legislative research func-
tions. The budget request will enable ;the office to provide day-to-day liaison
with the Congress and will ensure that legislation, testimony and reports on legis-
lation are provided to the Congress in a timely manner.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of 51,720,700 and 3S..9 permanent workyears
to this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office of Legislation provides leadership and support for specia1> working groups
established within the Agency to draft legislative initiatives in' key areas. It
ensures that testimony, drafting of legislation, and reports on pending and enacted
MS-25
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legislation wi'l be performed in a timely fashion. Special attention will be de-
votee to reauthori zation of the Clean Air, Clean Water, ana Safe Drinking Water
contacts with Congress. In 1983, this program contains the resources which previ-
ously supported both the Office of Legislation and Office of Congressional Liaison.
19S2 Explanation O'f 'Chances fro*" Sudaet -estimate
The net decrease of -374,700 results from the following actions:
-Reorganization. (-5123,100) The Congressional 1y approved reorganization
w'thin the sta'f offices created the Office of Management Services *hicn consoli-
dated the Budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services func-
tions into one office. It also created tne Executive Secretariat, which because
of the Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information., Executive Correspondence,
and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Action. (-$1,700) A general reduction of -51,350,0.00 was made
to Management and SlJpportTactivi ties and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that .nedia in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprggraffiini nos, 1+550,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several Fipro'g'ranirai ngs were made to this activity which are not reportable .unaer
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of ^$50,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 51,292,900 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1981, the Office of Legislation was separated into two components -- the
Office of Congressional Liaison remained in the Executive Offices and the Office
of Legislation was moved into the Office of Policy and Resource Management. During
the mid-year review, it became apparent that closer links needed to be maintained
'between the analysis and tracking .of legislation performed in the Office of Legis-
lation, and day-to-day liaison with individual Congressmen and committees as per-
formed in the Office of Congressional Liaison. The Administrator, therefore,
approved a reorganization on September 5, 1982 which consolidated these offices
into one within the Executive Offices. The Office of Legislation now consists of
the Immediate Office of the Director, the Congressional Liaison Division and the
Legislative Division.
The former Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-to-day
Congressional contacts. The former Office of Legislation reviewed legislative
suggestions from the program offices for consistency with the Administrator's
overall goals and policies and recommended to the Administrator a package of le-
gislative amendments to be pursued in 1983 and 1934. In addition, the Office of
Legislation handled 90 hearings and associated testimony, and submitted seven
formal legislative proposals.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL. ACTIVITIES ;
19S4 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 31,035,300 and 14.0 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects an increase of 582,500 and .no permanent workyears from 1983 levels.
Efforts will be directed toward the implementation of transboundary pollution
control agreements with Canada and Mexico. 'The office will take further steps to
MS-26
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optimize the Agency's participation in the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development iOECD) and United Nations related activities-. Increased emphasis
«-i1": se pieces o^ gx-sti'.: irilaterj"; scienti fic agreements with West Germany,
Japan, .and China.
1983 Prpgran
The Agency is allocating a total of 5953,300 and 14.0 permanent workyears to
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Rela-
tions with Canaoa will continue to dominate the focus of OIA. This includes con-
tinuing negotiations on a transboundary air quality agreement, a joint plan to
reduce pnosp'norous levels in tne Great Lakes, and cooperative efforts to remedy
the pollution in the .Niagara River Basin. Negotiations are under way with Mexico
concerning a new border agreement on natural resources and the environment. New
initiatives will be taken in support of the President's special interest in bi-
lateral relations with Viest Germany, Brazil, Chins, and Caribbean nations. Parti-
cipation in international organizations is highlighted by the Administrator's
chairing cf the U.S. delegation to the CECC'i second Hlgn-L.evel meeting on chemi-
cals in November and EPA's chairing of the U.S. delegation to the meeting of the
London Dumping Convention in February.
1963 Explanation of Changes froui Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -375,000 results from the following actions:
-Reojganjzation. (-$25,900) The Congressionally approved reorganization with-
in the s tTff offices created the Office of Management Services which consolidated
the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services functions
into one office. It also created the Executive Secretariat, which because of the
Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information, Executive Correspondence,
and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressiona 1 Action. (-$1,900) A genera] reduction of -$1,350,00.0 was
made toTk nag erne nt and SUpport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
- R ep r oj r amm i n gs. (-547,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several rep'rdgraiSitiings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -547,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomolishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,086,100 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Internationally, acid de-
position received widespread attention through additional negotiations with Canada,
EPA leadership of both the U.S. delegation to the Stockholm Conference on Acidifi-
cation of the Environment, and the US and Dutch MOx Symposium. The Administrator
co-chaired the U.S. delegation to the tenth anniversary meeting in Nairobi of
the United Nations Environment program. The Administrator also hosted the fifth
meeting of the US and Japan environment-al coordination committee and held discus-
sions in Mexico City with EPA's counterpart organization. EPA continued its active
participation in the OECO Environment Committee and its subsidiary expert groups.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1934 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,094,600 and 14.6 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This is
an increase of 582,400 and no permanent workyears from 1983 levels. The increase
MS-27
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will be used to continue to neet tine Agency's goal of zero inventory growtn in
Equal Ens! oyroent Opportunity (££0) complaints; iaD'emsft the Agency'-s clan for
-is topical ly 2">ack Colleges anc ur.iversi ties ; continue t^A's nego.ti an ons wilr. tne
Department of Laoor to eliminate the backlog of complaints filed under the Contract
Work Hours and Standards Ac.t; and to develop a strategy to assist the Regional
Offices in eliminating the DuilduE of cases filed under Section 50^ of the Rehaoi-
1283 Program
The Agency is allocating a total _,of SI,012,200 and K.:6 permanent workyears,
all of wmcn is for tne Salaries anc Expenses appropriation. Tne Office of Civil
Sights is: arranging an ££0 Officers Planning .Convenes; providing assistance
to EPA program offices in developing tne Agency's plan for suoocrt to Historically
Slack Colleges and Universities; publishing, as a final rule, the consolidated non-
d'iscrimi nation regulation directed toward recipients of Agency financial assis-
tance; irapl ementina a more effective Headquarters ££0 counseling .orograrn; develop*
109 an Agency-wiae Affirmative Action Plan in accordance with Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission requirements arid monitoring tne Agency's comollance with
affirmative action goals; and continuing its efforts to achieve the Agency's goal
of zero inventory growth in EEC complaints. In 1983, -with approval from the Con-
gress, the Federal Women's Program and Civil Rights Investigations activities are
now included in this component.
1983 Explanation of Cha.ngesfrow Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$160,900 results from the following actions:
-_R_eoj*ga_nizatJon. (-$31,700) The Congressionally approved reorganization
wi thin the staff oFTices created the Office of Management Services which consoli*
dated the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services func-
tions into one office, it also created the Executive Secretariat, which because
of the Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information, Executive Correspondence,
a.nd Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Action. {-$2,400) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made
to Management aHc! Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and-Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramaings. (-5126,8005 During the development of the operating plan,
severaTTepTogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -5126,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 31,038,300 for this program, all of
which was in the Salaries and Expenses -appropriation. The Congressionally approved
restructuring consolidated program elements with related functions within the
Office of Civil Rights into one element to promote greater efficiency in resource
management. It moved the Federal Women's Program and Civil Rignts Investigations
into a program element entitled Office of Civil Rights.
In addition, the functions of this office were realigned during the Latter
part of 1982 to strengthen and improve the administration and cost-effectiveness
of the discrimination complaints process. This realignment and the subsequent
iraprovenent of the £EO counseling program have resulted in .a 4.8 percent reduction
in the number of EEO complaints filed.
MS-28
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The office provided assistance to EPA orogratn offices In deveiooing the Agen-
cy's Dlan for suoport to Historically Slack Co11.eges 3r,d Universities, develooed
d.n Agencywioe Affirmative Action Plan, anc isomtcrec trie Agency's compliance' witr,
affirmative action goals. The Headquarters Special EiTohasis program sponsored
cultural awareness activities for Slack History Month and Hispanic Heritage Week.
Managerial and suoervi-sory woricshoos were held during National .Secretaries' wee.k
anc «Qarv-
ment of Justice on the Agency's consolidated non-discrimination regulation. The
regulation was placed in the Agency's forr.al rsviev.' process at th-e end of 19S2. A
plan has been developed to assist in its implementation. A National ££0 Officers
Planning Conference was held with the Department of Justice and EPA participants
to familiarize them with the regulation and its impact at the Regional and State
1 evels.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 31,393,100 and 20.1 workyears for this office,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects an in-
crease of $95,300 and no permanent workyears from 1983 levels. In 1984, the Office
of Public Affairs will continue to inform the public of Agency activities and to
promote better understanding of the Administrator's objectives and goals as well as
the Agency's mission.
1983Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,297,300 and 20.1 workyears for this
office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In addition
to its primary responsibilities of working with the news media as well as conduct-
ing other public information activities, the Office of Public Affairs will: (1)
produce a biweekly external newsletter which will communicate the Administrator's
goals.and actions to the public; (2) produce a biweekly internal newsletter which
will keep employees informed and aware of Agency activities and actions as they
affect EPA's mission and its employees; and (3) handle an expanding community
relations program shared with the Superfund program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5123,800 results from the following actions;
-Congressional Action. {+337,700) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this""actfvity ;resu 1 tedTn the following changes:
(+540,700! This increase includeS'-*-$4Q,700 of the $10,5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
{-S3,000) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramraings. (-3161,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramtnings wera made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramrning limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -5161,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-29
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1982 Accomo!isnments
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In addition to its regular
duties, the office assisted in tne production of an annual Administrator's Sepcrt
to the President; published a new booklet as a guide to the Agency and its activi-
ties: ' rr",':5-tsi *. r,z*~z coTC""ehenj5ve dc"'~y "!?»: 5""i£*s ?UD" iccC".Of fc"~ t"j? U-SE c"
top Agency officials; developed s four-page aiweekly newsletter for employees;
ip.pl ementec the Agency's Peer Review and Administrative Control System; and
directed an Acencywide p'jM icstion review to e'irainete unnecessary Ag?.ncy puDli-
Cations.
OF F ICE OF _F E.O £ RAl AC TIV1TIE S
1954P r og ram R ecues t
The Agency requests a total of 31,643,900 and 24.2 permanent workyears for
this office, a1! of rfrn.ch is for the SaJa-'es s-od Expenses appro?.""'a't'e.i. This
represents an increase of 5375,290 and no permanent workyeers. This reflects
increased automated data processing support for the Federal Facility Information
System (previously funded by the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel! and
office equipment purchases. The Office of Federal Activities (:OFA) anticipates
that it will continue to prepare and review the necessary environmental documents
for compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (N£PA), such .as Environ-
mental Impact Statements {EISs), review other Federal agencies' projects and ac-
tions including their EISs, direct activities to assure compliance .by ether Federal
agencies with all environmental statutes pursuant to Executive Order 12083, review
the budget plans of other agencies to assure adequate funding of abatement projects
pursuant to the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-106 and manage the
Dredge and Fill program.
1983 Program
In 1933, the Agency is al locating .SI ,268,700 and 24.2 permanent workyears for
this office, ail of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office of Federal Activities develops guidance and directs imolementation of EPA
policies associated with other Federal agencies; it anticipates increasing liaison
activities with these agencies. OTA plans to continue working en regulatory reform
initiatives, particularly streamlining of procedural requirements of the Dredge and
Fill and NEPA programs. In .addition, the office continues to review and prepare
EISs, review other Federal actions, and direct activities pursuant to Executive
Order 12088 and Office of Management and Budget Circular A-106 related to compli-
ance of Federal installations with environmental regulations. Emphasis will be
placed'on the cleanup of hazardous waste sites owned or operate.d by the Federal
Government.
1933 Explanation of ^hangej^frgrn^ijdget Estimate
The net increase of -^379,600 results from the following actions:
-Reorganization. (-520,000) The Congressionally approved reorganization with-
in the s ta f f o f f ices created the Office of Management Services which consolidated
the budget, financial management, planning, and administrative services functions
into one office. It also created the Executive Secretariat, which because of the
Administrator's interest in improving the effectiveness of the correspondence
tracking functions, consolidated Freedom of Information, executive Correspondence,
and Congressional Correspondence functions.
-Congressional Action. (-51,900) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was
made to ManagementandSupport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-30
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-aeprogramnn'ngs. (+$101,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several' rep rogramni Trigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
tn-e Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of -"$101,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accormlishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 51,406,200 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses aopropriation. The Office of Federal
Activities (OFA) focused its activity on regulatory reform within the Dredge and
Fill program and o.n development and implementation of Agency policies and guidance
associated with other Federal agencies. Specifically, OFA reviewed 54 Environ-
mental Impact Statements (EISs) and ISO proposed rules and regulations pursuant
to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act.
OFA continued to direct activities to assure compliance of Federal facilities
with all environmental mandates.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVELAW JUDGES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $701,800 and 1.5..0 permanent workyears for this
office, ail of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects
an increase of $56,800 and no permanent workyears from 1983 levels. In 1984, this
office will continue to preside over and conduct hearings required by the Adminis-
trative Procedures Act related to enforcement actions initiated by the Agency.
Preliminary estimates indicate a significant number of new Section 120, Clean
Air Act, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act cases in 1984. The Administra-
tive Law Judges will also continue to adjudicate civil rights cases investigated
by the Office of Civil Rights.,
1983 .Program
The Agency is allocating a total of S645.0QO and 15.0 permanent workyears
to tnis program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The total number o.f cases expected from EPA Regional Offices in 1983 is 276 cases.
This represents 114 more cases than 1982, or an increase in case workload of 57
percent. In addition, the office will handle cases originating at Headquarters
including suspensions, cancellations, Section 3(cHl)(D) of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and Clean Air Act cases, and Civil Rights
cases.
1983 Explanationof Changesfrom Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$18,100 results from the following actions:
-C o n gre ssiona 1 Action. (-$100) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made
to Management and Support "activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$18,200) During th.e development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were ..made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +$18,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $561,000 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. For 1982, this office
maintained a docket of 217 cases, most of which required only a small time in-
vestment, while a relative few constituted the majority of the judges' workload.
MS-31
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For Instance, one -case - Applications to use Sodium f"uoroacetate 'Compound 1030)
to Control Predators - necessitated the full time service of one Judge involving
^- days o^ h9£**inos. Th^s case or"icir>£t.c^ ci Cece^'" 22. V5.81. 3".c ar- *""i't"'sl
decision was issues on Octooer 22, 1982. During the year, 61 cases were settled
oy Consent Agreement and rinal Order. Seventeen initial decisions were issued.
Through a realignment of Civil Rights functions, this office was given responsi-
bility fo*° adjudicatinc C'vil Ric'nts cases.
OFFICE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL LIAISON
1984 Program Reouest
The Agency requests a "total of 5532,200 and 5.4 permanent work-years for
this o^ice, all of w^ich is for the Salaries arc Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $24,200 and 2.0 permanent workyears from 1983 levels.
In 1984, the office expects to continue to ennance its program of comraunication
and liaison with State and local elected officials and najor intergovernmental
constituency organizations (LCDs). In addition to trese ongoin; j-esccns'if! i ties,
the office expects to develop an environmental law handbook and to conduct an en-
vironmental seminar for State legislators and other elected officials. The office
also expects to expand its program of liaison with business groups.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $£56,400 and 9.4 permanent work-
years, all of which "is for the Salaries and 'Expenses appropriation. The current
program includes activities which support one of the Administrator's primary goals,
to pursue delegation of EPA programs to State and local governments. The office
will improve comnunication with elected State and local officials by completing
the installation of an automated mailing system; naintaining regular contact with
intergovernmental constituent organizations; representing the Agency at meetings
conducted by ICO environmental committees and assisting in the development of ICO
enyi ronnental policy statements; developing an Agency policy on the --eview of 'CO
contract and grant requests to ensure relevant and cost-effective work products;
participating in Agencywide workgroups on EPA policy management issues; communi-
cating on a regular and frequent basis with elected State and local officials; and
providing advice on State and local concerns to senior Agency officials.
1983 Explanation of Chances from Bydaet Estimate
The net increase of +$94,200 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+567,000) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
(+567,800) This increase includes +567,300 of the S10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
{-$800! A general reduction of -Si,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-rteorogramrninQs. ( + 327,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramraings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +527,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of v 54.51,700 for this program, all of
which was in the Salaries ana Expenses appropriation. During 1982, the office com-
pleted an internal reorganization, finalized details of a cost-effective computer
.'
-------
ized mailing system, established and improved working relationships with fifteen
intergovernmental constituency organizations, attended and/or addressed numerous
meetings of ICO environmental committees, began £ series of informal meetings witr,
various business groups, and communicated on a daily basis with numerous elected
State and local officials. The Congressionally approved shift of resources from
the former Office of Regional Liaison to the Office of Intergovernmental Liaison
reflected the Administrator's decision to support an increased emphasis on dele-
gation of EPA programs to the States.
OFFICE OF SWLL AMDJH^
1984Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $207,100 and 4.1 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of 518,100 and no permanent workyears from 1983 levels. In
1984, the Office will continue to comply with the Presidential directive to increase
our level of preferential contracting efforts and to initiate a program to assure
reasonable minority business participation in procurement under assistance pro-
grams. Guidance, training and technical assistance will be provided to Agency
program and Regional Offices as well as to grant recipients and minority business
contractors.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $189,000 and 4.1 permanent workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In
1983, the office will comply with the Presidential directive to assure increased
minority business participation in contracting under grants and cooperative agree-
ments. Extensive assistance to program and Regional Offices, grant recipients,
and minority contractors is anticipated.
1983 Exp 1 ana ti on of Changes from BudgetEstimate
The net increase of +526,500 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-S100) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made
to Management andSupport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices 1n that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. /
-Reprogramnvings. (+526,600) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramraings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$26,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $198,500 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency awarded $261.8
million in direct procurement contracts which were subject to our preferential
contracting efforts. This total exceeded the Agency's Small Business prime con-
tracting goal by 6.5 percent and met or exceeded its goals for Women's Business
Enterprise and Section 8(a) contracting.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 512,163,100, and 140.7 permanent workyears for
this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects an Increase of $206,600 and a decrease of 13.0 permanent workyears from
MS-33
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1983 levels. The reduction in workyears results from progress we expect to make
with 1983 resources in reducing the backlog of construction grant final audits as
well as from efficiencies achieved through the revised auditing process. In
1984, eliminating the remainder of the backlog of construction grant final audits
will remain the first priority for the Office of Inspector General. The office
plans to conduct investigations of fraud against the Government, particularly
of contractor bid- rigging. In addition, the Office of Inspector Senersl will be
involved in suspension and debarroent activities in those cases where firms or
individuals have been indicted and convicted. The Office of Inspector General has
ongoing responsibility for audits and investigations of the Agency programs and
operations which include audits of grants and contracts, internal and management
reviews, investigations of illegal activities and misconduct of EPA employees,
grantees and contractors.
1983 P nog ram
In 1983, the, Agency is allocating^ total of 511,956,500 and 153.7 permanent
workyears to thfs office, all of which "is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. Contract resources are used for auditing services provided by other Federal
agencies and CPA firms. Although the Office of Inspector General has continuing
responsibility for conducting pre»award, interim, and final audits an.d investi-
gations of EPA programs and operations, it has identified its first priority for
1983. as that of implementing the revised audit procedures to expedite closeouts
and eliminate backlogs of construction grant projects. In addition, auditors will
concentrate on 1) identification of unliquidated obligations for inactive construc-
tion grants, 2) Regional and State management of the construction grant program
under Section 205(g) delegation, and 3) reviews of weaknesses on internal controls
disclosed by Ageacy vulnerability assessments. Continued efforts to encourage
use of the Office of Inspector General hotline will uncover Instances of sus-
pected fraud, waste, and mismanagement. Investigative efforts will be directed
to hlgh^potential cases in the areas of antitrust violations, contract fraud,
travel, and time and attendance violations.
1983 Explanation of
The net increase of +$392,300 results from the following actions:
-C. ongressi'onal Ac ti on. (+5392,300) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this"' activity resulted in the following changes:
(+$440,600) This increase includes +S440.6QO of the $10. 5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 430 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-$48,300) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $11,530,200 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Office of Inspector
General Issued 1,651 audit reports questioning $508 million of the $4.8 billion
audited. During 1982, the Office of Inspector General opened 140 new investi-
gations and closed 76 cases, which resulted in seven indictments and convictions.
The office completed the initial phase of coordinating vulnerability assessment
for all Agency programs and began work to reduce the backlog of construction
grant projects awaiting final audit. To eliminate this backlog, the Office of
Inspector General revised its audit approach to discontinue broad-scope audits 1n
favor of limited scope audi.ts directed at large construction grants, and specifi-
cally the areas most vulnerable to waste and abuse within those grants.
MS-34
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy j Resource Management
- ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE*
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
' ' . --. 1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy 8 Resource
Management - *,
Salaries 4 Expenses $905.7 $724.0 $1,052.4
TOTAL 1905.7 $724.0 $1,052.4
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries 1 Expenses
Operations, Research S
Facilities
$2,485.3 $2,063.5 $2,399.6
$81.7
TOTAL $2,567.0 $2,063.5 $2.399.6
Program Integration - -
Project , ,
Salaries & Expenses $2,388.7 $3,667.0 $3,516.2
» TOTAL $2,388.7 $3,667.0 $3,516.2
j> ' ~
Office of Policy . ' '^ r \\ ?v ,
Analysis ' //, " * ""* - '
Salaries I Expenses $8,098.1 $8,433.0 $8,362.8
- TOTAL $8,098.1 $8,433,0 $8,362.8
Office of Standards 4 v ' - ' ' <
Regulations i *
Salaries 4 Expenses* $3,683.9 $3,574.0 $3,844.9
TOTAL $3,683.9 . $3,574.0 $3,844.9
Office of Managenent
Systems & Evaluation
Salaries £ Expenses $1,995.7 $2,155.1 52,185.0
- . TOTAL $1,995.7 $2,155.1 $2,185.0
$950.9
$950.9
$2,227.8
$2,227,8
$3,341.6
$3,341.6
$8,070.9
$8,070.9
$4,020.2
$4,020.2
$2,250.1
$2,250.1
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
-$101.5
-$101.5
-$171.8
-SI 71.8
-S174.6
-S174.6
-S291.9
-$291.9
$175.3
$17.5.3
$65.1
$65.1
19,557.4 20,616.6 21,360.9 20,861.5 -499.4
Operations, Research 4 I1-'-, "- - 81.7 , , * t~.-,
facilities -s ;v^ -A f;t \;\ . -»*',5 . '*' *
Office of Policy - TOTAL $19,639.1/20,616.6 21,360.9 20,861.5 -499.4
and Resource
Management
V
MS-35
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy and Resource Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Program Management -
Pol icy & Resource
Management
Office of the
Comptroller
Program Integration
Project
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy & Resource
Management
Office of the
Comptroller
Program Integration
Project
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards 4
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS II
11.7
46.5
6.6
36.2
27.2
32.1
160.3
14.8
59.4
10.5
57.2
53.7
44.6
240.2
N THOUSANDS
14.0
45.0
21.0
32.1
29.3
36.2
177.6
19.1
56.7
21.0
55.3
53.5
47.1
252.7
)
21.0
56.0
17.7
31.8
40.0
37.1
203.6
25.5
67.7
17.7
55.0
64.2
48.0
278. 1
16.0
45.0
12.0
31.1
40.0
37.1
181.2
21.1
58,7
14.0
54.3
66.5
48.0
262.6
-5.0
-11.0
-5.7
-.7'
-22.4
-4.4
-9.0
-3.7
-.7
2.3
-15.5
MS-36
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
* Agency Management
Office of Policy and Resource Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 520,861,500 and 181.2 permanent workyears for
198*. a decrease of $499,400 and 22.4 permanent workyears from 1983. Uorkyear
reductions occur primarily In the Office of the Comptroller, the Program Integra-
tion Project, and 1n Program Management. All resources are under the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
P rogram^Descrl ptl on '
The Office of Policy and Resource Management fOPRM), under the guidance of the
Associate Administrator, directs the Agency's regulation development and review
process, formulates Agency policy, and allocates the Agency's resources.
Specifically, DPRM reviews all EPA regulations to ensure consistency with
Agency policy, coordinates all Internal Agency reviews of regulations, and leads
the Agency's regulatory reform activities.
In addition, OPRM's analyses of the economic, energy, and environmental ef-
'fects of EPA's regulations, policies, and programs, as well as evaluations of the
effectiveness of ongoing Agency programs, stimulate policy formulation. Through
these programs, the Agency 1s developing a framework for a well-run strategic plan-
ning and management process, and ensuring that EPA's program objectives and environ-
mental goals are clearly defined and met. OPRM also provides special studies and
analyses to support Agency dec1s1onmak1ng processes in both management and program
areas.
Finally, OPRM controls the Agency's central planning and budgeting process
which allocates workyear and financial resources among program areas and ensures
adequate fund control. A brief description of each of the program elements Includ-
ed In OPRM follows. . .
Program Management - Policy and Resource Management This program element
supports the Associate Administrator's Immediate Office and provides senior manage-
ment, policy direction, program planning, and budgeting and resource management
within OPRM. . r
Office ofthe Comptroller This component develops and operates EPA's pro-
gram planning and budgeting system; analyzes and prepares Agency budgets for sub-
mission to Congress and OMB; and maintains the Agency's allocation, control, and
review system for all workyear and financial resources.
. . t
Program Integration Project This project 1s developing an analytic frame-
work for integrating the toxics control activities of EPA's major programs.
Office of Pol 11cy Analysis This program element contains resources to ana-
lyze FIT EPK regulatibris,polides, and programs from the perspective of their
economic, energy, and environmental. Impacts and benefits.
Office of Standards and Regulations This office manages the Agency's regu-
1 at1on development and review process, analyzes all of EPA's regulations to ensure
technical quality and consistency with Agency policy, designs the Agency's regula-
tory reform activities, and develops Innovative approaches to regulation,
i , i nf
MS-37 '
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Office of Management Systems and Evaluation This program operates the Agen-
cy's accountability system, evaTiiatesprogram effectiveness in meeting Agency
goals, and designs and implements necessary management reforms, including a system
to manage for environmental results.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT . POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5950,900 and 16.0 permanent workyeafs for this
program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a decrease of
$101,500 and 5.0 permanent workyears from 1983. This program will continue to pro-
vide overall policy direction and will conduct the activities necessary to manage
the co;nponent offices of the Office of Policy and Resource Management, including
special studies and analyses to support the QPRM decisionmaking process.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,052,400 and 21.0 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These funds support the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic, and
planning activities necessary to manage the Office of Policy and Resource Manage-
ment.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$328,400 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+5191,600) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
(+$192,000) This Increase includes +5192,000 of the S10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-.5400.) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramrnings, (+5136,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramnnng limitations* These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5136,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $905,700, for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources allowed
the formulation of OPRM's policy direction, program planning, the conduct of spe-
cial analyses, and the development of OPRM's budget and management of its resources.
OFFICEOFTHE COMPTROLLER ,
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,227,800 and 45.0 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a decrease
of 5171,800 and 11.0 permanent workyears from 1983. With these resources, the
Office of the Comptroller (OC) will direct the planning and budgeting process used
by top management to resolve major policy and resource allocation issues for the
1985 budget process; provide resource analyses,information, and assistance to all
Headquarters and Regional management offices; manage aiatj continually update the ob-
MS-38
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%stem;: and conduct analyses of resource trends
(including a thorough study of the Agency's support accounts) to provide a better
link between planning, budgeting, and resource use.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,399,600 .and 56.0 workyears to
this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. With
these funds, the Office of the Comptroller is providing rfco improved analytic
b«se for the projection of outlays. To support development of the 1984 Operating
Plan and the 1985 Budget Request, OC is implementing management improvements in
the budget process including review and enhancement of the Agency's workload
models and activity pricing schemes. The Comptroller is providing special analyses
to support top Agency management in effective decision-making regarding key resource
and policy issues.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$336,100 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$336,100) EPA's application of Congressional ac-
tion to this "actlvity resulted in the following changes:
(+5338,800) This increase includes +$338,800 of the $10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-52,700) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and Sup-
port activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,567,000 for this program, of which
$2,485,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $81,700 was for the
Operations, Research, and Facilities appropriation. This Office initiated the;
effort tp develop 5lts analytic base for proj%ct1ng outlays and took steps to sim-
plify and otherwise advance the budget process as well as to improve the quality
of the Agency's workload models.
PROGRAM INTEGRATION PROJECT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,341,600 and 12.0 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This represents a de-
crease of $174,600 and .5.7 permanent workyears from 1983, reflecting the pro-
gress achieved by the Program Integration Project (PIP) in completing the devel-
opment of industrial models strategy options. The resources provided will control
the undertaking of new industry studies to better assess the cost-effectiveness of
all environmental regulations for particular Industrial sectors. Also, in 1984,
PIP will work on a third geographic study area to further development of strategies
for enabling Federal, State, and local governments to jointly develop efficient
environmental control for particular geographic areas. In addition, resources
for this program will allow for analyses to determine the most effective marmer
in which to transfer the application of the geographic approach to Regional Offices
and States.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,516,200 and 17.7 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. These resources are being used to focus on and further refine the Industry
MS-39
-------
and geographic methodologies formulated in 1981 and 1982. PIP is developing a math-
ematical programming model that will make possible the estimation of the most cost-
effective pollution control strategies for the industry under study. An enhanced
geographic approach is being introduced as a demonstration in the Philadelphia
region .and work is commencing on applying such methodology to a second demonstration
site.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$150,800 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-527,800) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was
made to Managementand Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$123,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$123,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
19.82 Accomp 11 shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,388,700 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds allowed the
further development of an integrated framework for toxics control and the formula-
tion of industry and geographic methodologies. Preliminary refinements of these
approaches were undertaken; the statistical validity of certain aspects of the
models were analyzed; and both were extended to cover ecological effects.
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS
1984 P rogram Requ est
The Agency requests a total of 58,070,900 and 31.1 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which 1s for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects a decrease of
3291,900 and .7 permanent workyears from 1983. In 1984, the Office of Policy Analy-
sis (OPA) will focus on reviewing existing regulations and standards, which will re-
quire Intensified cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis. OPA will place
additional emphasis on intra-industry and cross-industry cost-effectiveness com-
parison. To effectively support this activity, the office will thoroughly review
its existing data base and upgrade and expand it as necessary. The Agency will
be reviewing all the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as well as many of its
recently promulgated effluent guidelines. Amendments to the Clean A1r and Clean
Water Acts may lead to even more extensive regulatory reviews. OPA will continue
its strategic studies which examine the cumulative macroeconomic impacts of EPA's
regulations on major industries. OPA will also initiate a new Congressionally
mandated "Cost of Clean Air and Water" report.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,362,800 and 31.8 permanent workyears
to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1983, OPA is continuing to oversee the Agency's Implementation of Executive
Order 12291, working closely with program offices to evaluate the costs, economic
impact, and benefits of prospective regulatory requirements or changes. OPA is
analyzing the economic impact of potential amendments to the Clean Air and %Jater
Acts and is completing the "Cost of Clean Air and Water" report. Work is also
being concluded on the permitting progress of important energy projects. Also,
a study of the macroeconomic impacts of all EPA regulations is being initiated.
MS-40
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1983 Explanation of Changesfrom Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$70,200 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-561,400) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was
made to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprggranimings. (^58,800) During the development of the operating plan,
severa 1 reprogrammirigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -58,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accpmplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 58,098,100 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In 1982, OPA focused on
regulatory reform which was consistent with the Administration's overall economic
revitalization program. These efforts included identifying opportunities for regu-
latory reform through the revision of specific existing regulations and ensuring
that program offices developed regulations in which the marginal benefits accrued
exceeded the marginal costs imposed.
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,020,200 and 40,0 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses, This reflects an increase
of 5175,300 and no change in permanent workyears from 1983. This level of resources
will allow the Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR) to continue its effective
management and oversight of the regulation development and review process ensuring
compliance with Executive Order 12291, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Paper-
work Reduction Act, and Federal Register requirements. In 1984, OSR will intensify
regulatory reform and rel ief efforts arid will continue to concentrate on improving
the scientific, engineering, and statistical base for regulations and policies,
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,844,900 and 40.0 permanent workyears
to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1983, OSR is initiating efforts to improve the scientific, engineering, and
statistical base of the Agency's regulations and policies. In addition, OSR pro-
cedural improvements include earlier and more substantive technical, economic, and
policy review of Agency regulations, standards, and criteria. State involvement
in the rule development process is also being enhanced. OSR is continuing to re-
duce excessive paperwork burdens imposed by EPA regulations through the application
of rigorous independent analysis as well as to review new and existing rules and
policies. OSR is institutionalizing indirect offsets, implementing fully the water
bubble program, and developing reform initiatives In the pesticides program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budgets Estimate
The net increase of +5270,900 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+$280,900) EPA's application of Congressional ac-
tion tp this activity resulted In the following changes.
(+$297,600) This increase Includes +5297,600 of the S10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-tine workyears
provided to the Agency.
MS-41
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(-516,700) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-510,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were rnade to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -510,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomp11 :shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 53,683,900 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expens.es appropriation. OSR reviewed four major
Agency data collection activities and made recommendations to reduce the reporting
burden and improve the practical utility of Information collected. OSR coordinated
reviews of existing rules to ease the burden on small business and issued detailed
operating guidance. The quality and efficiency of the Agency's Internal review pro-
cess was improved and OSR provided technical and statistical policy oversight of
the Agency's regulations under review. OSR developed a "bubble" approach to water
regulation; institutionalized the environmental auditor concept; and prepared a
strategy for indirect offsets.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,250,100 and 37.1 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects an increase
of 365,100 from 1983 to fund anticipated personnel compensation needs in 1984. This
level of funding will allow the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (.OMSE)
to assess the Agency's effectiveness in meeting program goals and commitments by
conducting evaluations of major programs; running the management accountability
system; performing a number of quality assurance reviews; and developing and recom-
mending corrective actions where the need for improvement is identified. Also in
1984, OMSE will develop mechanisms for connecting the accountability system, which
measures each program's progress in meeting its goals and commitments, with other
Agency management systems such as performance standards, merit pay, managing for
environmental results, and the budget process. In addition, OMSE will work with
Headquarters and Regional Offices to develop improved indicators of environmental
status and trends, and Improved monitoring strategies.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,185,000 and 37.1 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. OMSE is completing the development of an Agency strategic plan for
program delegation to the States and is involved in developing other issue specific
integrated management plans through work on the Administrator's management guidance
for 1984 and 1985. OMSE 1s also expanding its efforts to Implement and refine the
accountability system for the Administrator, to conduct in-depth quality assurance
reviews of programs, and to promote the adoption of baseline measures in environ-
mental quality to assess performance and guide the Agency's allocation of resources
toward actions which help provide the greatest return in terms of environmental
results.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +529,900 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+524,900) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
MS-42
-------
{+$29,800) This increase includes +$29,800 of the S1Q.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
{-$4,900) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramnings- (+55,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgranmirigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +$5,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,995,700 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. OMSE completed five
evaluations of Agency-wide issues and monitored implementation of changes resulting
from earlier studies. Work continued on a comprehensive delegation policy and on
efforts with various programs to encourage the development of State capabilities
to administer delegated programs. The Administrator's accountability system was
initially implemented and through this system, OMSE helped evaluate Agency perfor-
mance, recommending corrective action in areas where commitments were not met. In
addition, OMSE began development of environmental indicators for assessing Agency
progress in controlling and cleaning up pollution.
MS-43
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Legal and
Enforcement Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
.Salaries & Expenses
Office of Legal and TOTAL
Enforcement Counsel
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Program Management -
Legal and
Enforcement Counsel
General Counsel
Regional Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Legal and
Enforcement Counsel
General Counsel
Regional Counsel
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
31,891. 7
$1,891.7
$5,078.9
$5,078.9
$2,971.3
$2,971.8
$9,942.4
$9,942.4
31.7
108.8
69.7
210.2
45.1
122.4
79.3
246.8
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$.676.3
$676.3
$6,326.1
$6,326.1
52,474.7
$2,474.7
$9,477.1
$9,477.1
10.9
126.2
61.4
198.5
15.4
134.8
68.7
218.9
S675.8
$675.8
$6,320.3
$6,320.3
$2,572.4
$2,572.4
$9,568.5
$9,568.5
12.0
126.3
63.4
201.7
16.4
1-34.6
70.1
221.1
S784.2
S784.2
$6,172.5
$6,172.5
$3,125.6
$3,125.6
$10,082.3
$10,082.3
15.0
119.0
70.2
204.2
19.5
129.5
78.2
227. 2
$108.4
$108.4
-5147.8
-$147.8
$553.2
$553.2
$513.8
$513.8
3.0
-7.3
6.8
2.5
3.1
,-5.1
8.1
6.1
MS-44
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Legal and Enforcement^ Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 510,082,300 for Salaries and Expenses and 204.2
permanent workyears for 1984, an increase of 5513,800 and 2.5 permanent workyears
from 1983. The increase is due primarily to hew management responsibilities
resulting from a realignment of Regional Counsel structure.
Program Description
The Agency Management portion of the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel
(OLEC) includes the Associate Administrator, his immediate office, and the legal
services components of OLEC. The Associate Administrator's office provides ex-
ecutive management for the Office of the General Counsel and the Office of En-
forcement Counsel. Legal services include advice and assistance to the Admin-
istrator, Regional Administrators, and other Agency managers through the Office
of the General Counsel and the offices of the ten Regional Counsels. This program
provides interpretations of statutes, reviews major regulatory actions to assure
legal defensibility, coordinates with EPA's enforcement efforts, and handles,
with the Department of Justice, all litigation activities in which EPA is a defen-
dant.
Program Management - Legal and Enforcement Counsel This program element
provides program direction and administrative and management support to the Office
of Legal and Enforcement Counsel. It services both Headquarters and Regional com-
ponents of the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC). It includes execu-
tive management, planning, budgeting, financial management, and administrative
services for the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel, including the Offices
of Regional Counsels.
General Counsel This program element provides Agency program offices with
interpretations"of "EPA statutes and other applicable laws; legal advice on all
major regulatory decisions and other Agency actions; and coordination with the
Agency's legal enforcement efforts. With the Department of Justice, it also
handles all litigation activities in which EPA is a defendant.
RegionalCounsel The ten Offices of Regional Counsel assist the Regional
Adtninistrators in ehsuring that their decisions are legally defensible and consis-
tent with national legal interpretations. They represent the Regional Offices in
defensive litigation activities; review Regional rulemakings; assist States in
obtaining the proper legal authority to assume responsibility for administering
environmental protection programs; and support the Regional enforcement litigation
program.
PROGRAMMANAGEMENT - LEGALAND ENFORCEMENT ..COUNSEL
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $784,200 and 15.0 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $108,400 and 3.0 permanent workyears due primarily to new re-
sponsibilities in providing management and administrative services to the Regional
Counsel Offices.
MS-45
-------
The request will provide for executive management and a basic level of plan-
ning, management analysis, budgeting, financial management, and administrative sup-
port services to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel, the program will
operate in an integrated fashion to enable the Associate Administrator and General
Counsel to coordinate the Agency's legal functions and manage the legal resources
of the Agency- It also includes a new function of providing certain fiscal and
administrative support for Regional components of the Office of Legal and Enforce-
ment Counsel.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating a total of S675.8QO and 12.0 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provides administrative, management, and analytical support to the
Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel- Emphasis is placed op issuing policy
and procedural guidelines governing the Regional operations of the Office of Legal
and Enforcement Counsel. Improved fiscal and personnel management procedures
are being instituted to allow the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel to effec-
tively manage available resources. The program also provides for executive manage-
ment and a basic level of planning, budgeting, fiscal, and administrative management
to the Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel.
1983 Expl anation of_Chariges from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$500 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-S500) A general reduction of -31,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Ac.cgnip_Tj.shnients
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,891,700 for this program, all of
which was for Salaries and Expenses. Reorganization of the Agency's enforcement
efforts during 1982 moved this program from the Office of Enforcement to the new
Office of Legal an.d Enforcement Counsel.
Activities focused on providing executive management, planning, analytical
support, budgeting, financial management, and administrative services to the Office
of Enforcement. Emphasis was placed on implementing a hazardous waste enforcement
program, conducting cross-cutting policy analyses, and developing the capability
to use criminal sanctions under EPA statutes, as appropriate. This component
operated and maintained an enforcement docket system.
GENERAL COUNSEL
19.84 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,172,500 and 119,0 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
decrease of 5147,800 and 7.3 permanent workyears reflects a shift in workyears to
the Regions to meet the demands of Regional caseload.
The 1984 Headquarters program will be devoted to defensive litigation of ex-
isting regulations, review of legality of enforcement policies, response to "chal-
lenges to enforcement activities, and advice on legal defensibility and require-
ments of proposed regulations, and other Agency actions or operations. Special
emphasis will be placed on Hazardous Waste, Air, and Water programs. The Office
of General Counsel will be prepared for review of new regulations which may be
necessary under possible new Clean Water and Clean Air Act legislation.
MS-46
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The Office of the Deputy General Counsel will also provide greater support to
the enforcement litigation program, through such activities as review of proposed
pleadings and review of certain enforcement referrals to the Department of Justice,
to ensure consistent interpretation of the law.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,320,30.0 and 126.3 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses.
The 1983 program provides continued support to Agency media program priorities
through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation, and participat-
ing in selected administrative proceedings. The 1983 program' also incorporates
coordination with the Office of Enforcement Counsel and support to the Regional
enforcement litigation program.
1983 E XP1 anat i on of_Changes from Budget E sti mate
The net decrease of -55,800 results from the following action:
-Congressiona] Action. (-$5,800) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was
made toManagement and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $5,078,900 all of which was for
Salaries and Expenses.
In 1982, the General Counsel supported Agency priorities by providing legal
advice and support to Agency managers and defending the Agency in all litigation
filed against it. OGC also reviewed selected regulatory actions to ensure legal
defensibility and advised on other actions, such as grants, contracts, and per-
sonnel actions.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 53,125,600, all of which is for Salaries and
Expenses, and 70.2 permanent workyears for 1984, an increase of $553,200 and 6.8
permanent workyears from 1983. The increase reflects a shift in workyears from
the General Counsel to meet the demands of legal workload in the Regions.
The 1984 Regional program will provide legal advi'ce and consultation to Region-
al programs and will act as lead EPA attorneys on defensive litigation Involving
principally Regional issues. Other major-activities include reviewing State legal
authorities and advising States in program assumption matters related to the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and other statutes; providing support
to the construction grants program; and assisting States in making changes in
statutes and regulations resulting from amendments to environmental statutes.
The Regional Counsels also manage and review the work of the Regional enforcement
litigation program to ensure that legal procedures and enforcement policies are
consistently followed.
1983 Program '
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of S2,572,400 and 63.4 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses. The Regional
program includes assistance in furthering the assumption of environmental protec-
tion programs by States by providing advice and assistance to State agencies. On
an ongoing basis, in the construction grants area, it handles administrative pro-
MS-47
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ceedings, such as bid protests and grant appeals, and advises on problems arising
from outstanding grants. The 1983 program also incorporates coordination with the
Office of Enforcement Counsel and support to the Regional enforcement litigation
program.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$97,700 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-31,600) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was
made to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammlngs. (+399,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammfng limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +599,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,971,300, all of which was for
Salaries and Expenses. In 1982, the Regional Counsels supported Agency priorities
by providing legal advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency
in all litigation filed against it. They also advised on actions such as grants,
contracts, and personnel actions. Additionally, Regional Counsel activities in-
cluded advising State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmental
protection programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and
helping negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
MS-48
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE
1984
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
SI, 315.3 $2,188.2
TOTAL $1,315.3 $2,188.2
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
$6,528.4 $6,482.2
TOTAL $6,528.4 $6,482.2
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Personnel and
Organization Services
Salaries & Expenses
$6,250.6 $5,508.0
TOTAL $6,250.6 $5,508.0
$5,946.7 $4,596.2
TOTAL $5,946.7 $4,596.2
Facilities & Management
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Occupational Health &
Safety
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of
Administration
$6,148.6 $4,463.1
TOTAL $6,148.6 $4,463.1
$6,382.6 $5,258.3
TOTAL $6,382.6 $5,258.3
$441.7
TOTAL $441.7
$32,572.2 $28,937.7
TOTAL $32,572.2 $28,937.7
$2,136.9
$2,136.9
$3,887.0
$3,887.0
$7,116.2
$7,116.2
$6,089.7
$6,089.7
$5,669.1
$5,669.1
$4,077.2
$4,077.2
$1,908.4
$1,908.4
$3,460.8
$3,460.8
$8,088.6
$8,088.6
$6,631.1
$6,631.1
$5,807.0
$5,807.0
$4,652.8
$4,652.8
-$228.5
$228.5
-$426.2
-$426.2
$972.4
$972.4
S541.4
S541.4
$137.9
S137.9
S575.6
$575.6
$28,976.1 $30,548.7 $1,572.6
$28,976.1 $30,548.7 $1,572.6
MS-49
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Occupational Health 4
Safety
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
(DOLLARS I
18.2
142.1
153.8
128.2
183.6
135.7
761.6
-28.3
184.8
184.9
177.9
211.6
167 . 0
N THOUSANDS
31.0
146.0
131.0
106.4
140.6 '
112.6
8.0
575.6
43.0
185.1
152.5
147.8
162.6
137.1
)
'34.0
91.3
166.7
127.1
165.5
92.3
676.9
44.7
110.7
205.3
176.6
188.7
109.1
32.0 -2.0
89.8 -1.5
165.3 -1.4
125.1 -2.0
160.5 -5.0
89.3 -3.0
662.0 -14.9
43.0 -1.7
111.0 .3
206.6 1.3
173.6 -3.0
181.1 -7.6
106.1 -3.0
Services
Occupational Health &
Safety
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.0
954.5 836.1 835.1 821.4 -13.7
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Offl£e_ of Adtnlnijtratl on
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,548,700 of Salaries and Expenses funds and
6.62.0 permanent -workyears for the Office of Administration in 1984, an increase of
51,572,600 and a decrease of 14.9 permanent workyears from 1983. The dollar in-
crease fully funds workyear costs including the Medicare tax, while the workyear
reduction reflects savings in administrative expenditures consistent with the
Agency's overall workyear level.
Program Description
The Office of Administration (OA) performs Agencywide administrative manage-
ment and support functions and provides admim"strative services to Headquarters
and our two largest operationsResearch Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio. In addition, the OA provides certain administrative support
services for the entire Agency, including buildings and facilities management and
nationwide support functions.
The immediate office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall direc-
tion for all OA activities as well as Agencywide policy regarding administrative
and support services. There are five organizational components under the Assis-
tant Administrator for Administration. The Office of Fiscal and Contracts Manage-
ment is responsible for the Agency's financial accountability, contracts adminis-
tration, and grants management. The Office of Personnel and Organization provides
services in the areas of personnel administration and organizational analysis, and
administers the Agency's occupational health and safety program. The Office of
Management Information and Support Services provides management of the Agency's
ADP resources, library management, facilities acquisition and management, and
general supporting services. The OA at RTP and Cincinnati provide services and
support similar to those at Headquarters to the environmental programs at EPA's
major field locations. A brief description of each of the program elements in-
cluded in OA follows.
ProgramManagement -Administration -- This program element consists of the
AssistantAdminTstrator's immediate off 1 ce which provides service delivery over-
sight, planning functions, and performs all of the budgeting and resource manage-
ment activities within OA.
Financial j^anagejnent - Heaj^uartejs this component Includes financial man-
agement pollcy "arid accountTng^"and fi nancial reporting activities for Headquarters
and non-Regional field offices.
Contracts and Grants Management , This program element provides resources
to establish Agencywide contracts and" grants policy; to award and administer
contracts and small purchases at headquarters, RTP, and Cincinnati; and to award
and manage Headquarters grants and other financial assistance programs.
Personnel and Organization Services This program provides resources for
Agencywide personnel policy guidance and personnel services such as staffing,
classification, and training to headquarters and non-Regional field offices;
Agencywide management analysis and directives management; and the Agency's occupa-
tional health and safety program designed to maintain safe working conditions and
to protect the health of our employees.
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Facilities and Management Services This program element provides resources
for facilities .acquisition, maintenance, and management; audiovisual and printing
operations; personnel security and property maintenance and protection; manage-
ment of the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Buildings and Facilities
accounts; and the immediate offices of the Directors of the Office of Management
Information and Support Services, and the Offices of Administration at Cincinnati
and Research Triangle Park.
Information Systems and Services -- Included in this program element are re
sources for the Agency's centralized ADP systems management and data processing
support staff; the Library Systems Staff, which maintains the Agency's libraries
at headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park; and the ADP services
component within the Office of Administration at Cincinnati.
MS-52
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION
19.84 Program Request
The Agency requests 51,908,400 from Salaries and Expenses and 32.0 permanent
workyears for this program; the decrease of $228,500 and 2.0 permanent workyears
reflect savings gained through Improved management. This level of funding will
allow us to maintain current service levels for the basic budgetary, administra-
tive, analytical, and strategic planning needs of the Office of Administration
(OA). In 1984, the Office will provide overall direction of the OA, manage and
control OA's resources, and continue to develop and initiate strategies to enhance
the efficiency and effectiveness of OA.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency is allocating $2,136,900 from Salaries and Expenses and
34.0 permanent workyears for this program^ This program is providing senior man-
agement support for OA initiatives to centralize EPA's ADP management and systems;
strengthen EPA's financial management, including cash and credit management; pro-
vide guidance and stimulation for grant and contract regulation simplification
efforts; and improve the control and management of the Agency's Support Services
funds. In addition, this office is continuing to manage the Agency's cost reduc-
tion programs and evaluate EPA's utilization of capital assets.
1983 Explanation of . jh^.g^s^j'IM JBujdg_et_Est1inate_
The net decrease of -551,300 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Actions. (+$54,700) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulteiTin the following changes.
(+$59,800) This increase includes +$59,800 of the $10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-$5,100) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprpgraminlncjs. (-$106,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgrammTngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations* These changes resulted in a net
increase of +$26,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congressional 1y approved change of -$132,500 realigned PC4B and workyears
among program elements in the Office of Administration reflecting current workyear
and salary projections. The Congressionally approved reprogramming above was
included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $1,315,300 from Salaries and Expenses for this
program. The Office oversaw the development of several priority actions within
the OA: improved contracts and grants management, cost reduction and containment
strategies, better financial management, analysis of ADP consolidation, capital
asset management, position management planning, and improved service delivery.
In addition, we achieved Improved service and efficiencies from the consolidation
within the immediate office of the Assistant Administrator of the OA's adminis-
trative, budgetary, analytical, and long-range planning resources.
MS--53
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTj- HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests S3,460,800 from Salaries and Expenses and 89.8 permanent
workyears for this program, a decrease of S426.200 and 1.5 permanent workyears.
The dollar decrease reflects the transfer of financial management computer services
to the Support Services program. Through this program element, we will standardize
financial and accounting transaction processing so that it is controlled though
still responsive to both Agencywide and program-specific needs and provides the
services to the Agency necessary to meet our statutory requirements, these ser-
vices include, but are not limited to: basic accounting .and payroll support;
accountability throughout the Financial Management System; support to enhance
OPRM's efforts in budget execution and resource control at the allowance level;
processing of grant, contract, purchase order, travel, and other vouchers and
claims; and financial reporting required to meet Agency fund control requirements.
These resources will also support our efforts to refine Agency accounting and
financial policies; increase operational productivity through automation; improve
internal day-to-day financial service; provide controls which permit us to detect
and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse; and perform a full range of cash management
reviews.
19B3 Program
The Agency is allocating S3,887,000 from Salaries and Expenses and 91.3 per-
manent workyears for this program. This Office is increasing automated services
to further reduce the necessity for individual systems at the fund control activity
level; meeting external reporting requirements of OMB, Treasury, and the Congress;
implementing OMB Circular 83-6, which requires establishing a policy for accelerat-
ing the processing and deposit of receipts; improving control over disbursements;
and eliminating idle cash balances. Through further automation, we expect to con-
tinue to reduce paperwork within the financial management area. For example, the
expansion of our automated commitment entry system at the program office level
will eliminate excessive paper transactions.
1983ExplanationofChangesfromBudget Estimate
The net decrease of -52,595,200 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (-$1,79.9,500) The Congressional ly approved restructuring
transferred thegrants activities previously in this program element into the
Contracts Management program element which was then retitled Contracts and Grants
Management. This program element, which was retitled Financial Management provides
resources for the Director of the Office of Fiscal an.d Contracts Management and
the Financial Management Division.
-Con gres s i ona1 Ac tip n. (-$8,500) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$787,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not importable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted In a net de-
crease of -$105,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congressional ly approved change of -$682,100 realigned PC&B and workyears
among program elements i.n the Office of Administration reflecting current workyear
and salary projections. The Congressionally approved reprogramming above was
included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
MS-54
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1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 56,528,400 from Salaries and Expenses for this program,
which included the grants function in 1982. In addition to routine financial
management activities, we began to implement an automated travel information
system which provides better management of travel dollars and serves as a basis
for the Agency to more equitably distribute "its travel ceiling. We revised our
reporting systems to provide information in a more useful format to Agency line
managers. We have strengthened our efforts to collect interest and overdue ac-
counts receivable and, in 1982, we collected 5621,000. We have also reduced
our own overdue accounts payable by over 90%.
In the Federal assistance area, we initiated projects to consolidate and
simplify EPA's grant programs, provided administrative and technical assistance
to EPA Regional offices and assistance recipients, and administered the Head-
quarters grants program, including the award process. We continued our grant
regulation reforms to eliminate unnecessary reporting requirements and red tape,
and we introduced a pilot program to consolidate and simplify the administrative
handling of State grants. The results of these activities included resource
savings, clearer accountability, and simplifed, more efficient communication with
State and local governments.
CONTRACTS AND'GRANTS MANAGEMENT
1984 Program .Request
The Agency requests $8,088,600 from Salaries and Expenses and 165.3 permanent
workyears for this program, a decrease of 1.4 permanent workyears, and an increase
of 3972,400. The Increase in dollars will support increases in workyear costs,
ADP contract support for the Automated Procurement System, and an expanded training
program for project officers.
In the Contracts area, our request will enable us to: process contract awards
and purchase orders; close out existing contracts; conduct cost evaluations of con-
tractor cost proposals; process contract terminations and claims; and provide tech-
nical review, policy compliance, and administrative management to three contracting
and purchasing offices. These resources also will support an automated procurement
document system and the project officers training course, initiated in 1983, In
the Grants and other financial assistance area, these funds will allow us to: de-
velop and interpret policy and procedural guidance for Agencywide assistance pro-
grams; award and administer headquarters grants; respond to requests for ad hoc
assistance by Regions, programs, and federal assistance recipients; simplify our
grant regulations; Increase in-house audit-and cost analyses; and, continue efforts
begun in 1983 to debar and suspend persons who abuse the privileges of Federal
assistance. These resources will also support cost and benefit analyses on grant
regulations and Grants Information and Control System data verification.
1983 P rogram
The Agency is allocating 37,116,200 from Salaries and Expenses and 166.7
permanent workyears for this program. In the Contracts area, we anticipate award-
ing contract actions totalling 5223 million and processing purchase order actions
for $50 million. Our key objectives are managing contracts (as opposed to just
awarding them), increasing productivity and simplifying tasks in contracts process-
ing and administration, further automating the procurement system, and instituting
a project officer training and certification program that will aid in producing
more understandable Requests for Procurement against which our vendors bid.
In the federal assistance area, we are streamlining the regulations to
eliminate unnecessary and duplicative requirements and to reduce the informatipn
burdens our regulations impose on grantees. We also are developing guidance for
MS-55
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EPA managers and our grantees on the revised (simplified) regulations. We are
continuing to administer grants funded by Headquarters program offices and as part
of our efforts to manage the Agency's audit coordinator! function, we are identify-
ing and tracking all exceptions from point of issue to final resolution. We will
ensure debarment or suspension of persons who abuse the privileges of Federal
assistance through waste, poor performance, or corrupt practices. This will
result in greater efficiency, program integrity, and a significant dollar savings
to the Government, In addition, the responsibility of managing the Agency's Inter-
governmental Agreements will be transferred to our grants division in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$1,608,200 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+$1,799,500) The Congressionally approved restructuring
transferred the grant activities previously in the Financial and Grants Management
program element into the Contracts Management program element, which was then
retitled Contracts and Grants Management. The Financial Management program element
provides resources for the Director of the Office of Fiscal and Contracts Management
and the Financial Management Division, The Contracts and Grants Management program
element now includes the resources for the Procurement and Contracts Division, the
Contracts Management Staff located at RTP and Cincinnati and the Grants Administra-
tion Division.
-Congressional Actions. (+340,600) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes.
(+348,000) This increase includes +$48,000 of the $10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-37,400) A general reduction of -51,350,0.00 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-3231,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogranrnings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +$61,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congressionally approved change of -3292,900 realigned PCSB and workyears
among program elements in the Office of Administration reflecting current workyear
and salary projections. The Congressionally approved reprogramming above was
included in a letter to Congress oh November 17, 1982.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $6,250,600 from Salaries and Expenses for this program,
which did not include the grants function in 1982. With these resources, we award-
ed contract actions totaling S260 million and purchase order actions .totalling
$47 million. We began to implement streamlined contracting procedures which
expedite contract processing. We also began to automate the procurement system
on a pilot basis at headquarters, resulting in greater efficiency and shorter
processing time. We continued to negotiate overhead rates with EPA contractors
and assistance recipients in support of our own operations and OMB Circular
A-87 (regarding indirect costs for State and local governments). We also con-
tinued our participation with OMB in the implementation of the Federal Acquisition
Regulations.
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PERSONNEL A"D ORGAN IZATION JERV ICES
1984 Prog rain -Request
The Agency requests 56,631,100 from Salaries and Expenses and 125.1 permanent
workyears for this program, an increase of $541,400 and a decrease of 2.0 permanent
workyears. The increase in dollars will fund increased workyear costs and contrac-
tor support to supplement the Management and Organization Division's analytical
efforts. With these resources, the Personnel Management Division will provide
basic personnel services required by law and will continue its productivity assess-
ment and Performance Management System activities, as well as training, records
processing, and personnel systems support. These activities are designed to further
enhance a total human resource management program for EPA. The Management and
Organization Division will continue to provide an array of organizational and
administrative services to Agency managers including its organizational process
review studies to improve program effectiveness and efficiency. The Occupational
Health and Safety Staff will fully service all established health and safety
programs.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating $6,089,700 from Salaries and Expenses and 127.1
permanent workyears for this program.
In 1983, the Personnel Management Division will assure effective workforce
planning and position management; maintain a positive and strong labor relations
program to deal effectively with employee unions; assure efficient and effective
administration of the Performance Management System mandated by the Civil Service
Reform Act; and maintain a viable program review, evaluation, and analytic cap-
ability to assure that EPA personnel policies and programs meet the needs of the
Agency. Our personnel management services will continue to meet statutory and pro-
grammatic requirements. We are consolidating the Personnel Management Division's
special programs and external employment activities to utilize resources more
effectively; reducing personnel staffing and classification capacities to reflect
a reduced Agency workforce; and focusing training and executive development pro-
grams to strengthen Agency management and to re-train employees to improve the
skill mix in our workforce. These activities will combine to form a strong and
comprehensive human resource management program, which we are initiating in 1983.
The Management and Organization Division is expanding its organizational pro-
cess review studies of Agency offices to improve program effectiveness and effi-
ciency.
In 1983, the Occupational Health and Safety Staff is conducting job hazard
analyses, administering the Headquarters safety program, maintaining an automated
information system for accident and medical data, monitoring the Agencywide
medical monitoring program, and updating Agency health and safety directives.
1983 Explanation_ofChanges from BudgetEstimate
The net increase of +$1,051,800 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+$1,020,900) The Congressionally approved restructuring
combineH resbiirceis from this program element, formerly titled Personnel Management,
with resources from other program elements for the Office of Health and Safety,
Management and Organization Division and the Immediate Office of the Director of
Personnel and Organization. The expanded program element was retitled Personnel
and Organization Services. This provides improved resource management by combining
offices with functions related to personnel matters into one program element, i.e.,
personnel policies, organization analyses, and health and safety policies.
MS-57
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-Congressional Actions. (+595,000) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes.
(+5100,400) This increase includes +5100,400 of the $10.. 5 mm Ion Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-55,400) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was made to Management and Sup-
port activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-564,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograminings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$115,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congress!anally approved change of +$51,000 realigned PCSB and workyears
among program elements in the Office of Administration reflecting current woricyear
and salary projections. The Congressional1y approved reprogramming above was
included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
198 2Ac comp1is hments
The Agency obligated 35,946,700 from Salaries and Expenses in this program
element, which contained only the Personnel Management Division (PMD) in 1982.
PHD completed implementation of a performance appraisal system for General Schedule
employees and initiated efforts to make the personnel system, primarily the Perfor-
mance Management System, more accomplishment-oriented in order to improve person-
nel planning and productivity throughout the Agency. At the same time, we met
statutory and programmatic requirements which included; processing staffing, clas-
sification, and other personnel and payroll actions; maintaining basic personnel
programs including employment and training policy, labor and employee relations,
and personnel program evaluation; assisting in workforce planning; and leading
position management studies. We also significantly improved our delivery of
services to Agency managers and employees.
In 1982, the Occupational Health and Safety Staff developed industrial hygiene
standards for laboratory operations. ' We expanded our safety programs for those
EPA employees who faced serious safety and health threats. Our training and educa-
tion efforts emphasized the delivery of specialized training to meet the diverse
needs of our employees. We also strengthened our medical monitoring activities,
which included preemployment, preplacement, and fitness medical evaluations, to
protect individual workers and co-workers. Finally, we continued our efforts to
inspect and evaluate EPA facilities.
FACIIITIESAND MANAGEMENTSERVICES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 55,807,000 from Salaries and Expenses and 160.5 permanent
workyears for this program, an increase,of 5137,900 and a decrease of 5.0 permanent
workyears. The increase in dollars reflects anticipated increases in workyear
costs. The decrease in requested workyears reflects a reduction in our audio-
visual and printing needs due to Agencywide elimination of unnecessary publica-
tions. The resources requested will provide general office and building services
for Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park (RTP), and management
direction for the Office of Information Systems and Support Services and the
Offices of Administration at Cincinnati and RTP. We will continue current service
levels and we will maintain our commitment to ensuring the most effective and cost
-------
efficient facilities management possible, including our commitment to use contrac-
tors only where cost-effective. We will continue efforts to Improve contractor
management, and ensure maximum efficiency and benefit from both in-house and pri-
vate sector services. We will strengthen property and supply management and
continue to upgrade the physical conditions at Waterside Mall.
1983Program
The Agency is allocating S5,669,100 from Salaries and Expenses and 165.5
permanent workyears to this program. We are completing efforts begun in 1982 to
control costs in telecommunications, mail, space management, and facilities engi-
neering and construction, while maintaining the overall current level of basic
services. We are strengthening Headquarters contract and project management to
assure more cost-effective use of contract dollars and enhanced delivery of ser-
vices. In addition, we are emphasizing cost containment and accountability In the
provision of nationwide guidance for administrative support services; providing
operational support and housekeeping service for the EPA facilities located at
headquarters, Cincinnati, and RTP; managing the Agency's Nationwide Support and
the Buildings and Facilities accounts; and providing facilities engineering and
construction expertise to all Agency programs.
1983 Explanation ofChanges from BudgetEstimate
The net increase of +51,206,000 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+5477,900) The Congressionally approved restructuring trans-
ferred some discrete activities previously in the Other Management Services program
element into the Facilities and Support Services program element. The resources
previously 'included in Other Management Services for the Immediate Office of Manage-
ment Information Systems and Services and the Office Directors at RTP and Cincinnati
were transferred into Facilities and Support Services. This program element was
then retitled Facilities and Management Services.
-Congressional Actions. (+598,100) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes.
(+$100,000) This increase includes +$100,000 of the S10.5 mil.lion Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-51,90,0) A general reduction of -$1.,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$630,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograrnmlhgs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net in--
crease of +515,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congressional 1y approved change of +5614,900 realigned PC&B and workyears
among program elements in the Office of: Administration reflecting current workyear
and salary projections. The Cohgressionally approved reprogramroing above was
included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
1982 Accomplishment^
The Agency obligated 56,148,600 from Salaries and Expenses to this program.
We initiated major cost containment efforts in three operational areas (mail,
telecommunications, and copying and duplicating), implemented nationwide manage-
ment/user accountability systems to collect better user data and to permit full
MS-59
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job costing and consistency in the delivery of services, and implemented an
umbrella support services contract at Headquarters. We also began to improve
working conditions at Waterside Mall through an aggressive facilities maintenance
management and inspection program.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests $4,652,800 from Salaries and Expenses and 89.3 permanent
workyears. an increase of $575,600, reflecting higher personnel costs in this
program, and a decrease of 3.0 permanent workyears. Our central ADP management
group sets Agencywide ADP policy; assists EPA programs in developing and maintain-
ing computerized information systems; operates the Agency's timesharing computer
center at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTP); and coordinates Agencywide
ADP services to assure more effective, efficient, and responsible use of our ADP
services. These resources will enable us to manage EPA's data center facility in
RTP, maintain a financing mechanism and accounting methodology for central time-
sharing services, develop Agencywide information management policies and procedures,
and maintain data standards to ensure the data integrity which is critical to EPA's
mission and program objectives. In 1984, we will begin to address data base appli-
cations and the distributed processing network (Regional and laboratory minicom-
puters and telecommunications) throughout the Agency, and strengthen our centralized
management of the Agency's ADP investment begun in 1983.
The Library Systems Staff will provide reference information, loan and litera-
ture search services, public information services, contract management for library
services, and administrative management of the Agencywide library system. In
addition to traditional library services, these resources will enable us to .main-
tain the Information Clearinghouse, which coordinates all Agency environmental
data bases.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 34,077,200 from Salaries and Expenses and 92.3 per-
manent workyears for this program. These resources support ADP activities includ-
ing managing EPA's data center facility and maintaining those systems which are
essential to the Agency's mission. We provide ADP planning and system design
assistance to program offices, focusing our resources toward high priority systems.
We are emphasizing the improved compatibility and efficiency .of the Agency's
automated systems .and the development of a prototype office automation system. We
are initiating an effort to consolidate the management and control over Agency
ADP systems in a central office within OA to eliminate duplicative systems and
redirect resources to improve access to automated data bases and efficient electronic
communications systems.
In 1983, library systems and services include: basic loan and reference
services; completion of a single automated catalog of Agency library holdings;
and, in response to requests from the public, provision of rules, hearing records,
comments on Agency rule-makings, and publications. Library procurement activities
are being centralized, and the Information Clearinghouse is being maintained and
operated as a reference service for EPA information managers,
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -51,181,100 results from the following actions:
-Restructurings. (-$1,498,800) The Congressionally approved restructuring of
-S477,900 transferred some discrete activities included in this program element,
previously titled Other Management Services into the Facilities and Support Services
program element. The resources transferred included the Immediate Office of Manage-
ment Information Systems and Services and the Office Directors at RTP and Cincinnati.
MS-60
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The Congressionally approved restructuring of -51,020,900 transferred resources
from this program element for the Management and Organization Division and the
Immediate Office of the Director of Personnel and Organization to the ne* program
element entitled Personnel and Organization Services. The balance of this, program
element which includes the central ADP systems staff and the Library staff, was
retitled Information Systems and Services.
-Congressional Action. (-32,200) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expens.es appropriation,
-Reprogramminqs. (+5319,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprpgrammirigs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net de-
crease of -$121,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Congressionally approved change of +5441,700 realigned PC&B and workyears
among program elements in the Office of Administration reflecting current workyear
and salary projections. The Congressionally approved reprogramming above was
included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
1982 AccompVishmjnts
The Agency obligated $6,382,600 from Salaries and Expenses for this program
in 1982 to support information management activities, library systems, the Manage-
ment and Organization Division, and the immediate offices of the Directors of the
Office of Management Information and Support Services and the Offices of Adminis-
tration at Cincinnati" and Research Triangle Park. In 1982, this program element
was titled Other Management Services.
During 1982, our ADP management division provided general systems oversight
and managed EPA's data center. It also maintained those AOP systems that were
critical to the Agency's mission and performed the feasibility study on the con-
solidation of EPA's AOP activities.
The library staff began to implement a single on-line data base of all Agency
library holdings and to write guidelines for the bibliographic management of all
EPA generated reports that support program offices. The Information Clearinghouse
conducted an on-going inventory of all EPA environmental measurement data. Data
search and referral services performed by the Clearinghouse were available to
all EPA employees.
The Management and Organization Division provided internal administrative
and organizational analytical services to all Agency offices. This division's
responsibilities included advising the Administrator on reorganization issues and
providing analytical support to senior managers, as well as administrative and
technical assistance for directives and forms management.
MS-61
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Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT j SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management... , MS-63
Regional Management MS-65
Planning, Evaluation, & Analysis - Regions , MS-66
Financial Management - Regions MS-68
Personnel Management- Regions MS-68
Administrative Management - Regions..... MS-69
MS-62
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
PROGRAM
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries 8 Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management TOTAL
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
39,617.8
$9,617.8
$3,668.2
$3,668.2
$2,375.0
S2, 375.0
52,952.1
52,952.1
55,904.9
35,904.9
S24, 518.0
524,518.0
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1984 VS 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
39,087.0
59,087.0
34,646.2
$4,646.2
52,433.7
$2,433.7
52,764.1
S2, 764.1
55,398.2
35,398.2
$24,329.2
524,329.2
38,913.5
$8,913.5
34,077.6
54,077.6
$2,390.4
$2,390.4
52,859.4
32,859.4
$5,136.7
35,136.7
323,377.6
323,377.6
38,926.6
$8,926.6
$4,291.8
$4,291.8
$2,558.8
$2,558.8
$2,664.4
$2,664.4
$5,119.4
35,119.4
523,561.0
$23,561.0
$13.1
$13. 1
$214.2
$214.2
$168.4
$168.4
-$195.0
-3195.0
-$17.3
-317.3
3183.4
5183.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Regional Management 192.4 140.3 160.3 160.3
Planning, Evaluation & 97.3 94.2 106.2 97.2 -9.0
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management - 81.8 ' 73.8 73.8 73.8
Regions
Personnel Management - 86.1 80.6 80.6 72.6 -8.0
Regions
MS-63
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +"
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
145.4 137.1 137.1
603.0
526.0
558.0
131.1
-6.0
535.0 -23.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL WORKYEARS
250.0 200.0 217.7 198.2 -19.5
108.8 95.2 108.9 103.6 -5.3
93.4
106.4
81.8
98.7
82.4
99.1
82.4
86.1 -13.0
182.5 168.3 167.3 159.3
-8.0
741.1
644.0 675.4 629.6 -45.8
MS-64
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,561,000 from the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and 535.0 permanent workyears in 1984, an increase of 3183,400 and
a decrease of 23.0 permanent work/ears from 1983. The decrease in permanent work-
years is located in: Planning, Evaluation and Analysis; Personnel Management; and
Administrative Management. This level of resources in the Regional administrative
offices provides services consistent with our Regional program workforce levels.
Program Description
This component covers the salaries and expenses of the ten Regional Adminis-
trators, their immediate staffs, and the staff offices reporting directly to them,
Additional activities include Regional central management functions such as pro-
gram planning, budgeting, analysis and evaluation; financial and personnel manage-
ment; and administrative services.
Regignal Management This unit includes the Regional Administrators and
tne1r~Tmm~edla'te staff s7 as well as the basic staff functions of civil rights,
public affairs, Congressional, and intergovernmental activities.
Planning, Evaluation, ami Anajysis - Regions Resources in this program
elementi provide analytical support to the Regional Administrators to assure the
efficient and effective operation of EPA Regions- Activities include planning,
budget development, accountability reporting, program evaluation, economic ana-
lysis, management, and Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.
Financial Management - Regions -* This program element provides financial
accounting and reporting services for the Regional Offices.
Personnel Management- Regions These resources provide basic personnel ser-
vice s7"TnTT"u3Tng staffing; classification, and training, to the Regional Offices.
Administrative Management -Regions This group of activities includes
mini-computer systems management; r tTSrary support, safety, security, printing and
copying, facilities management, small purchases, and other administrative func-
tions.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1.984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 58,926,500 and 160.3 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of 313,100 and no change in permanent workyears from 1983
]evels. The budget request will enable the program to continue to provide senior
management and policy direction for the Regional Offices, to shape and articulate
policies defining Regional relationships with State and local governments, respond
to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public, establish regular com-
munications with public interest, environmental, and business groups, and maintain
Civil Rights and Freedom of Information programs.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 58,913,500 and 160.3 permanent
workyears to this function, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. Basic press services and media relations activities are being maintained as
MS-65
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well as policy guidance and executive direction for the Region as a whole. The pro-
gram will continue the processing of Freedom of Information requests, issuing
critical news releases, maintaining a Regional Civil Rights program, responding to
Congressional inquiries, and coordinating EPA involvement in major State environ-
mental . issues.
1.983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5173,500 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+5416,500) EPA's application of Congressional ac»
tion to tnTs' activity resulted in the following changes:
(+5426,800) This increase includes +$426,800 of the $10.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
. f
(-310,300) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-RepTOgrammings. (-$590,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogranmilngs were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -.-5590,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 59,617,800 all of which was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. This program provided support for the Regional Admin-
istrators and their immediate staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of
civil rights, public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental activities*
PUNNING,EVALUATION, AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,291,800 and 97.2 permanent workyears for
this program, of which all is for Salaries and Expenses. This reflects an increase
of $214,200 and a decrease of 9.0 permanent workyears from 1983. The decrease in
workyears results from work completed with 1983 resources for instituting manage-
ment for environmental results and accelerating regulatory reform. In 1984,
resources will allow the Regions to execute essential Regional planning, resource
management, program evaluation, and analytic activities. The Regions will place
special emphasis on fiscal management and control, streamlining budgetary pro-
cesses, and shifting Regional programs from an implementation to an oversight
role.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,077,600 and 106.2 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, to conduct the planning, evaluation, budgeting, and analysis functions in
the ten Regional Offices. Resources for 1983 reflect the increased importance of
budget execution and control functions, plus the Regional component of the Agency-
wide initiative to implement measures for regulatory reform and to institute manage-
ment for environmental results. These resources allow Regional Administrators to
effectively and efficiently manage their Regions by providing sound analysis con-
cerning Regional policy, process, and resource management. The Regions are con-
tinuing to focus on accountability reports, program evaluation, economic analysis,
and improvement of Regional planning, analytic, and management capabilities.
MS-66
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1-933 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5568,600 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (+5248,900) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes:
(+5253,800) This increase includes +5253,800 of the $10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-54,900) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramnn'ngs. (-$817,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several- reprpgrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations, these changes resulted in a net
decrease of -5817,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accompl i shnien ts
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $3,668,200 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources were used
to design and implement the Regional component of the Administrator's new account-
ability system and to manage organization studies to adjust the Regions to projected
program, policy, and resource changes. The Agency also implemented procedures
designed to expedite permit issuance in the Regions.
FIN ANCIAl HANAG E tCNT - REG I ON 5
1984 P rogram Request
The Agency requests $2,558,800 from Salaries and Expenses and 73.8 permanent
workyears for this program. This is an increase of 5168,400 but no change in work-
years. It reflects increased workyear costs. At this level of funding, Regional
finance offices will provide basic services and maintain ongoing and routine finan-
cial management functions. This includes maintenance of GAO-approved accounting
and internal control systems, processing obligation transactions, processing vouch-
er payments, conducting payroll activities, preparing billings and processing
collections, providing monthly fund control and financial reports, and processing
and paying claims for travel. Further automation of EPA's financial management
processes will free resources to strengthen our cash and credit management, inter-
nal control initiatives, and data integrity and quality assurance.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating $2,390,400 from Salaries and Expenses and 73.8 per-
manent workyears to this program. With these resources, the Regional finance
offices continue to provide all basic accounting, payment processing, and payroll
support activities, and are increasing resources for audit coordination and follow-
up activities. This includes tracking a"11 audit exceptions from point of issue to
final resolution. We are continuing efforts to detect abuse of Federal funds;
strengthening credit management to ensure timely and economical collection of all
monies owed EPA; and implementing an Agencywide data Integrity assurance program
to provide timely, complete, and accurate financial reports.
1983Explanationof Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$43,300 results from the following actions:
MS-67
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-Congressional Action. (+510,100) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this' activity resulted in the following changes:
(+$12,000) This increase includes +$12,000 of the S10.5 million Salaries and
Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time workyears
provided to the Agency.
(-$1,900) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was made to Management and
Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprograipings. (-553,400) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprograrariings .were tnade to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
decrease of -$53,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accgmpljshments
The Agency obligated $2,375,000 from Salaries and Expenses for this program
in 1982. With these resources, Regional finance offices began to strengthen the
automated financial control systems and implement an internal control system to
improve EPA's defense against the misuse of Federal resources. They also ensured
that billing and collection activities met the President's commitment to cash
management. Other activities supported by this program included: payroll and
fiscal support services; timely collection of monies owed EPA; data integrity and
quality assurance programs; and timely, accurate financial reports to support
Regional management.
P.E.RSONN.EI MAHAGjEMENT - REGIONS
1964Program Request
The Agency requests $2,664,400 from Salaries and Expenses and 72.6 permanent
workyears, the decrease of $195,000 and 8.0 permanent workyears reflecting overall
Regional workforce reductions and fewer hiring actions. These resources will
allow us to maintain ongoing and routine personnel management activities and to
fulfill statutory requirements. Regional personnel offices will continue to pro-
cess staffing actions, classification, payroll and personnel actions, and training
requests; administer the Performance Management System training for all General
Schedule employees; conduct nondiscretionary labor relations activities; and pro-
vide management studies and organizational analyses to support Regional managers.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating $2,859,400 from Salaries and Expenses and 80,6 per-
manent workyears to this program. The Regional personnel offices are providing
basic personnel services as well as Region-specific management and organization
assistance to Regional managers. They are conducting position management studies,
organizational analyses, and training programs to assist managers in optimizing
personnel resources. Regional personnel offices also counsel Regional employees
affected by workforce adjustments (e.g., transfers, relocations, outplacement)
and provide training to facilitate the ^transfer of personnel among Regional pro-
grams. Current labor relations activities include negotiations and consultations
with employee unions, on-site negotiations, grievance and arbitration representa-
tion, and unfair labor practice charge processing. We are also refining the
Performance Management and Merit Pay program required by the Civil Service Reform
Act, and operating the Federal Equal Opportunity Recruitment Program required by
Title 5.»
MS-68
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +595,300 results from the following actions:
-Congressi ona 1 Ac tion. (-$1,200) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was
made toManagementandSupport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogratpinp. !+S96,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogramraings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +596,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Acconip 1 ishments
The Agency obligated 52,952,100 from Salaries and Expenses for this program.
We provided quality personnel management services to Regional managers in order
to support the Regions' mission and programs; assured effective planning for
Regional workforce adjustments resulting from organizational and program changes;
provided advice and assistance to employees; and represented the Agency with
employee unions. Regional personnel offices continued to provide basic person-
nel services, which included: processing staffing, classification, payroll and
personnel actions, and training requests; providing Performance Management Sys-
tem training for all General Schedule employees; conducting day-to-day non-
discretionary labor relations activities; providing supervisory and management
training programs; undertaking position management studies to assist managers in
establishing effective organizational structures; and providing special emphasis
programs to support Agency missions and policies.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 55,119,400 from Salaries and Expenses and 131.1 permanent
workyears for this program, a decrease of 517,300 and 6.0 permanent workyears.
This decrease reflects a savings realized in general office services, property
and supply management and information management activities. These resources will
support ongoing activities such as basic ADP service, Regional Office and laboratory
facility management, general office services and management, Regional libraries,
space management activities, mall service, and property and supply management.
The Regions will maintain the current level of effort in contracting and purchasing
activities, and will continue to ensure the safety and security of Regional person-
nel and property.
1983 Program
The Agency 1s allocating $5,136,700 from Salaries and Expenses and 137.1 per-
manent workyears to provide Regional administrative support in the following areas:
administrative information systems, minicomputer systems, AOP services, Horary
support, safety and security, purchasing, property and supply management, mail,
space management, printing and copying,, facilities management, records management,
and contracts management. Savings in the areas of property and supply management,
in-house computer processing, in-house printing and copying, telecommunications,
and space management are enabling the Regions to Improve the quality and cost-
effectiveness of their administrative services. .
1983 Explanjtign^ of Changes^ from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$261,500 results from the following actions:
-Restructurino. (-$769,800) The Congressionally approved restructuring trans-
ferred resourcesfrom Administrative management into the Regional Support Costs
MS-69
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in the Regional Offices. The Administrative Management program element consisted
of the salaries and expenses associated with providing Regional administrative
services.
-Congressional Action. (+5111,800) EPA's application of Congressional action
to this activity resulted in the following changes;
(+$115,000) This increase includes +5115,000 of the SI0.5 million Salaries
and Expenses add-on which supports the 480 additional permanent full-time work-
years provided to the Agency.
(-53,200) A general reduction of SI,350,000 was made to Management and Sup-
port activities and was applied proportionately to all offices in that media in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
-Reprogrammings. (+$396,500) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogrammlng limitations. These changes resulted in a net in-
crease of +5396,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 55,904,900 from Salaries and Expenses to support this
program. This program provided a wide range of administrative services to support
all Regional programs, which included: acquisition and management of equipment,
supplies, and services', management of Regional ADP resources; and provision of
library systems and services. As part of our commitment to provide the highest
possible level of administrative services, we maintained administrative informa-
tion systems and minicomputer operations to ensure effective ADP operational
support for for Regional programs, provided administrative direction for support
activities and services, maintained Regional library operations, and managed word
processing equipment and systems acquisition. We also coordinated Regional records
management, directed contracting and purchasing activities, ensured safety and
security in the Regions, and managed property and supplies.
MS-70
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Support Costs
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT^SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs . MS-72
Nationwide Support Services MS-74
Headquarters Support Services MS-74
Regional Support Services MS-76
ADP Support Costs. , . MS-76
Professional Training KS-77
Lab Support - Research A Devel opment. MS-78
Lab Support - Air, Noise 4 Radiation MS-78
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances........ MS-79
MS-71
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SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $40,125.3 $46,406.0 $47,004.0 $48,219.0 $1,215.0
Operations, Research & 54.4
Facilities
TOTAL S40.129.7 $46,406.0 $47,004.0 $48,219.0 $1,215.0
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries 4 Expenses $22,585.1 $27,024.6 $25,726.2 $26,349.2 S623.0
TOTAL $22,585.1 $27,024.6 $25,726.2 $26,349.2 $623.0
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $13,333.3 513,350.4 $14,282.8 512,430.4 -51,852.4
TOTAL 513,333.3 $13,350.4 $14,282.8 512,430.4 -$1,852.4
Automated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses 518,286.0 517,362.2 517,194.7 514,864.0 -52,330.7
TOTAL S18,286.0 $17,362.2 517,194.7 $14,864.0 -S2,330.7
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses $230.7 $502.3 $497.4 $507.6 510.2
TOTAL $230.7 5502.3 $497.4 $507.6 $10.2
Lab Support - Research &
Development
Salaries & Expenses $4,192.1 $4,710.4 54,664.9 $4,710.4 $45.5
TOTAL $4,192.1 54,710.4 54,664.9 54,710.4 S45.5
Lab Support - Air,
Noise & Radiation
Salaries & Expenses $1,371.2 52,178.5 52,157.4 $2,178.5 $21.1
TOTAL 51,371.2 $2,178.5 52,157.4 52,178.5 521.1
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses 5132.9 5151.4 5149.9 5151.4 51.5
TOTAL 5132.9 $151.4 $149.9 5151.4 SI.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $100,256.6 $111,685.8 $111,677.3 $109,410.5 -52,266.8
Operations, Research & 54.4
Facilities
Support Costs TOTAL $100,261.0 $111,685.8 $111,677.3 $109,410.5 -52,266.8
MS-72
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $109,410.5 in the Salaries and Expenses Appro-
priation for support services in 1984, a decrease of $2,266,800 from 1983. The
decrease in requested funds i"s possible because rising rent, telephone, and utility
costs are more than offset by reduced space needs and savings resulting from our
cost containment initiatives in the areas of mail, telecommunications, and ADP sup^
port.
Program jescri pti on
The Agency Support Service component provides funds for general support to
all Agency programs except Superfund. Programs under support services are:
Hationwide Support Services -> Agencywide costs for the following support
functions: faci 1 i tiesrental and associated costs; payments to the U.S. Postal
Service; Federal Telecommunications Service (FTS); security investigations; reim-
bursements to the Federal Employees Compensation Fund; payments to the Public
Health Service for personnel administration services for commissioned officers
assigned to EPA; and, contracts for EPA's occupational health and safety program.
Headquarters Support Services This program funds local office* building,
and information managementservice costs for Headquarters and the field offices
at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTP) and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Regional Support.^Services This component funds local office, building,
information management service costs, and minicomputer operations. Also Included
are local telephone service, security service, rental and purchase of common equip*
ment, office and laboratory supplies, and printing and copying for the Regional
offices.
Automated Data Processing Support Costs This program funds timesharing and
related data processing services provided to all Agency programs through contracts
with commercial suppliers and in-house computer facilities.
Professional Training *- This component provides funds for Agencywide training
programsIncludingexecutive and supervisory training and development programs
mandated by the Office of Personnel Management, the Civil Service Reform Act, or
by specific EPA needs.
Lab Support -Researchand Development *- This provides resources for the
basic facilities and operation's 'and maintenance costs required to operate ORD's
seven remote laboratories (those located outside Cincinnati, Ohio and Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina). Those costs are not covered by the Headquarter's
support account which funds similar Items in Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research
Triangle Park.
Lab Support - Air, Noise and Radiation -- This provides funds for basic facili-
ties and maintenance costs tp support the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory, the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, and the Las Vegas facility.
LabSupport - PestlcldejandToxicSubstances This provides basic facili-
ties and operations arid maintenance costs "'for' the laboratories 1n Beltsvllle,
Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
MS-73
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NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 548,219,000 from Salaries and Expenses, an
increase of -SI,215,000 over 1983. The resources in this area fund major Agencywide
support requirementsfacilities, lease costs, and long distance (FTS) expenses
constitute the major portion of this element. The request is only a fractional
increase over 1983, as anticipated rate increases are largely offset by savings
from cost containment efforts in the areas of space, mail, and telecommunications.
For example, we are able to request reduced long distance (FTS) costs because GSA
is projecting a substantial .decrease in the Agency's 1984 FTS bill as a result of
our efforts to reduce unnecessary use of the telephones by tracking and reporting
all long distance calls made from individual phones. This information became
available through the use of user accountability equipment installed at key EPA
locations.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 547,004,000 from Salaries .and Expenses for
Nationwide Support Services. This reflects significant rate increases in Nation-
wide Support costs, as well as changed assumptions regarding the release of Agency
space. With regard to the latter, we will be unable to release space as rapidly
as originally planned because the Agency's on-board personnel level is higher than
anticipated. These increases will more than offset the savings from our cost re-
duction efforts.
1983 Explanation of'Changes fromBudget Estimate
The net increase of +$598,000 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-5450,300) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was
made to Management and iupport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Jfep_ro3ra_imi1ng_s_. (+S1,048,30.0} The Congressionally approved reprogramming
moved resourcesFrom Headquarters Support into Nationwide Support. Additional
funds were necessary for Nationwide Support to cover increased estimates on rent
costs because of revised Agency workforce levels. The Congressionally approved
reprogramming above was included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982,
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 340,129,700 for this program, of which $40,125,300 was
for Salaries and Expenses and 54,400 was for the Operations, Research, and Facili-
ties appropriation. This provided Agencywide support services including: space
rental (which includes utility costs at most locations), postage, FTS, security
investigations, and other necessary support for the Agency's workforce. In 1982
we converted all Washington and RTP telephones to the 382 exchange, thus allowing
all long distance calls, including those made on the Federal Telecommunications
System, to be tracked to the telephones from which the call was made. Also, we
installed mail accountability equipment at several EPA locations to better monitor
and control Agency postage costs.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1984 Projgram Request
.The Agency requests a total of 526,349,200 from Salaries and Expenses, an in-
crease of $623,000 from 1983. The resources In this component fund the following
services at Headquarters, RTP, and Cincinnati;
MS-74
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- Office and Building Services. This includes costs for building maintenance,
telephone equipment and local services, utilities, office supplies, mail
operations, employee health units, audiovisual services and supplies, print-
ing services and supplies, security services, and the rental, purchase, and
maintenance of equipment.
- ADP Technical Support. These funds provide the central ADP staff with con-
tractor support for national systems development, maintenance and operation,
and other technical services required to support and control the Agency's
ADP activities.
- Library Services. This funds library contract operations and provides for
the purchase of books and periodicals, literature searches, and information
retrieval.
The request maintains the same level of services provided in 1983 at basically
the same costs, (despite Inflation) due to savings accruing from the continuation
of cost reduction programs instituted in 1982 and 1983. These include efforts to
control both the costs of providing services and the demand for such services.
19,83 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $25,726,200 from Salaries and Expenses to
Headquarters Support costs. This provides funding adequate to continue basic
office, building, and information management services, and to support new initia-
tives to enhance Headquarters security and improve the condition of the Waterside
Mall facility. Although we will continue and expand our cost reduction efforts,
their net effect on the 1983 budget is hard to predict because of the volatile
nature of this account. For example, higher than anticipated workforce levels in
1983 will increase our headquarters support needs substantially, for instance, in
the areas of telephones and printing.
1983 Exp^anatioji of Changes fr^m Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -51,298,400 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-$250,100) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was
made to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprograniniings. (-$1,048,300) The Congressionally approved reprogramming
moved resources from Headquarters Support into Nationwide Support. Additional
funds were necessary for Nationwide Support to cover increased estimates on rent
costs because of Agency workforce levels. The Congressionally approved reprogram-
ming above was included in a letter to Congress on November 17, 1982.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 522,585,100 from Salaries and Expenses, which
prpvided the support services described above to all program operations at EPA
headquarters, RTP, and Cincinnati, We implemented the following cost cutting
measures in 1982: (1) instituted user-, accountability and control systems for
local telephone service and nail operations; (2) consolidated publication distri-
bution operations in Cincinnati; (3) reduced overtime utilities; (4) tightened
management of printing, copying, audiovisual, and security services; (5) improved
facilities and property management; and, (6) established uniform accounting sys-
tems for all support locations.
MS-75
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REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1.984 Program Request
The Agency requests 312,430,400 from Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of
Si,352,400 from 1983. This decrease reflects savings in Regional telecommunica-
tions costs resulting from expansion of Headquarters cost containment initiatives,
the general reduction in the Regional workforce, and the shift of Regional focus
to the Superfund program. Some of these savings will be used for an expanded
investment in Regional ADP resources to improve the Regions' information management
capabilities in two areas, minicomputer operations and financial management systems
and subsystems.
The requested resources will provide basic support services to the ten Region-
al offices including: utilities, telephone equipment and local services, office
and laboratory facility and equipment maintenance, office supplies, printing and
copying, minicomputer and word processing operations, health units, ApP contract
support, and library operations and supplies*
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 514,282,800 from Salaries and Expenses to
Regional support, an increase of $949,500. This increase is needed to fully fund
cost increases in utilities and other Regional support services. Based upon
methods for ensuring greater consistency and accountability across all Regions,
this level of funding will adequately provide basic services including; utilities,
telephone equipment and local service, office and laboratory facility and equipment
maintenance, office supplies, printing, duplicating, minicomputer and word processor
operations, health units, ADP contract support, and library services.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$932,400 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+5769,800) The Congress!onally approved restructuring trans-
ferred resources from Admi'nistraffve Management Into the Regional Support Costs
program element to fund the non-personnel costs associated with providing services
in the Regional Offices. The Administrative Management program element consisted
of the salaries and expenses associated with providing regional administrative
services.
-Congress 1onal Action. (-5139,400) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was
made to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+3302,000) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These changes resulted in a net
increase of +5302,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982Accompl 1shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $13,333,300 to provide basic support services
to the ten Regional offices. We conducted a review of these costs across all ten
Regions to identify inconsistencies In categories of costs charged to this account
and recommended methods for ensuring greater consistency and accountability.
AUTOMATED_DATAPROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1984 Program Reguest
The Agency requests 514,864,000 from Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of
$2,330,700 from 1983, to support the operations of the Agency's National Computer
Center at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
-------
assessment of the program offices' computer timeshare service needs for 1984 and
anticipates lower demand for AOP services throughout the Agency. Funds in this
request support hardware and software equipment rental and maintenance requirements
and the contractor effort necessary to operate a computer center. This activity
is vital to the operation and maintenance of the Agency's information data systems
(including national environmental data bases, and Agencywide management and admin-
istrative systems) and thus, are inextricably tied to the attainment of the Agency's
environmental goals.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating $17,194,700 from Salaries and Expenses to provide
ADP timesharing services to all Agency programs exclusive of the Superfund program.
In 1983 we are implementing the improved timeshare tracking and reporting practices
developed in 1982, thus allowing Agency timeshare users to better plan for and man-
age their automated data processing activities.
1983 Exp1anati on of Changes frpm Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -$157,500 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action._ (-$167,500) A general reduction of -$1,350,000 was
made to Hanagement and Su pport activities and was applied proportionately to all
offices in that media fn the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982_Accomp1ishment5
The Agency obligated 518,286,000 from Salaries and Expenses to provide ADP
services to all Agency programs exclusive of Superfund. In 1982, we developed
better methods for recording, tracking, and reporting timeshare use. We developed
improved reporting formats to provide Agency managers with the information neces*
sary to support their program planning and budgeting. In order to assure equitable
timeshare charges which accurately distribute the costs of the service, we develop-
ed improved workload forecasting techniques.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1984 Program Request
For 1984, the Agency requests $507,600 from Salaries and Expenses, an increase
of $10,200 over 1983. The request maintains current professional training efforts
for EPA employees. This includes training, mandated by the Office of Personnel
Management and statutory obligations, as well as needs identified by the Agency's
employee training strategy. We expect that, as a result of EPA's newly developed
training strategy, every dollar expended for training will benefit the Agency
directly and that the indirect pay-back to the Agency will more than equal the
costs of the training. This funding is vital to a successful Agency human resource
management program, which 1s designed to provide senior Agency officials with
tools adequate to effectively manage and utilize the EPA workforce.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating from Salaries and Expenses 5497,400 for
professional training activities. This increase results from the inauguration,
this year, of several new training* programs: comprehensive supervisory management
training, Senior Executive Service Candidate Program training, and Senior Executive
Service incumbent development training. These training and development programs
are mandated by the Civil Service Reform Act and the Office of Personnel Management.
In 1983 we will also develop an Agencywide policy and strategy for employee
training. The strategy is designed to ensure' that EPA has the requisite skills
within its workforce to manage Its statutorily mandated missions. The strategy
also requires that all training benefit the Agency directly and that managers com-
pare the costs of employee training to the pay-back to the Agency for that training.
MS-77
-------
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -S4,900 results from the following action:
-C.ongressi ona 1 Acti on. (-54,900) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982 the Agency obligated 5230,700 from Salaries and Expenses to provide
professional training courses for EPA employees. This included: Office of 'Per-
sonnel Management mandated supervisory training, executive development training,
secretarial/clerical training, and technical training.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1934
The Agency requests a total of S4, 710, 400 for Salaries and Expenses in this
program. This represents an increase .of 545,500 from 1983 and results from the
increase in utility and other costs derived from operating ORD's system of remote
laboratories. These funds will provide for essential facility and maintenance
costs required to operate ORD's seven remote laboratories, (Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada; Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens;
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis; Environmental Research Laboratory,
Duluth; Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett; Environmental Research
Laboratory, Gulf Breeze; and Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las
Vegas). These laboratories do not receive funding from the Headquarter' s support
account. Services funded include, but are not limited to, facility janitorial
and guard services, utilities and transportation costs which are essential to the
operation of these remote laboratories.
1933 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 54,664,900 for Salaries and
Expenses in this program. The services provided by this program are ongoing in
nature. These funds provide for the operation and maintenance of ORD's remote
laboratories.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -545,500 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-545,500) A general reduction of -SI ,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accpmpl i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 54,192,100 for Salaries and Expenses
in this program. This provided funding for operating and maintaining ORD's seven
remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR. NOISE AND .RADIATION
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,178,500 for this program, all of which is
for Salaries and Expenses. This represents an increase of 521,100 from 1983 for
increased contractual services costs. This program supports the t4otor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Eastern Environmental
MS-78
-------
Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation
laboratory in Nevada. These funds provide for the facilities basic operations
and maintenance costs necessary to support these laboratories. Support provided
consists of security, janitorial and maintenance services, utilities, GSA vehicles,
supplies and materials, and communications.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 32,157,400 for this program, all of which
i.s for Salaries and Expenses. The 1983 program is providing for these three lab-
oratories the same types of activities described for 1984, as these services --
basic laboratory operations, maintenance, and supplies are required on a con-
tinuing basis.
1983 Explanationof Changesfrom Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -SZ1.100 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (-521,100) A general reduction of -SI,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accorapli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 51,371,200 for this program, all of which was
for Salaries and Expenses. In support of the MV.EL, the EERF, and the Las Vegas
Facility, these funds provided the basic facilities and operations and maintenance
costs necessary to operate these laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1984 Program. Request
In 1984 the Agency requests 5151,400 under the Salaries and Expenses Appro-
priation, an increase of $1,500 to cover rising support costs. These funds will
be used for basic facilities and operations and maintenance costs for the labora-
tories in BeKsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
utilities, security, communications warehousing, custodial services and building
maintenance.
1983 Program
In 1983 the Agency 1s allocating $149,900 for Salaries and Expenses. The
1983 program supports the same type of activities as in 1984.
1983 Explanationof Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -51,500 results from the following action:
-gongres±s1ona1 Action. (-51,500) A general reduction of -51,350,000 was made
to Management and Support activities and was applied proportionately to all offices
in that media in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 5132,900 from Salaries and Expenses for continuing
requirements for general support and maintenance.
MS-79
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Buildings and
Facilities
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS S FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings & Facilities » BF-4
Repai rs 4 Improvements , BF-5
SF-1
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Buildings and
Facilities
TOTAL, Buildings and
Facilities
$3,384.7 .$3,000,0 $3,000.0 S2,600.0 -5400.0
$3,384.7 S3,000.0 S3,000.0 $2,600.0 -S400.0
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
S3,325.0 $3,559.0 $2,825.0 $4,689.0 +$1,864.0
By virtue of Appropriation Act.
BF-2
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEWAND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair, and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA, whether Federally owned or
leased.
For the last year and a half, the Office of Administration, in conjunction
with Regional and program representatives, has been investigating the costs and
benefits of changing the current structure of our various laboratory and other
field operation networks. For thi.s analysis, we have limited spending for Build-
ings and Facilities projects in those facilities that may be affected, unless the
projects were essential to safeguard the health and safety of EPA personnel.
Recommendations resulting from our analysis are currently in the final stages of
Agencywide review. We anticipate tailoring the use of unobligated funds to those
facilities covered by the recommendations.
3F-3
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Repairs & Improvements
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings and $3,.384.7 53,000.0 53,000.0 52,600.0 -S400.0
Facilities
TOTAL 53,384.7 53,000.0 53,000.0 52,600.0 -S400.0
TOTAL:
Buildings and ' $3,384.7 53,000.0 $3,000.0 52,600.0 -$400.0
Facilities
Repairs & Improvements TOTAL $3,384.7 53,000.0 53,000.0 $2,600.0 -5400.0
EF-4
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests 32,600,000 for 1984 in the Buildings and Facilities
Appropriation, a decrease of 3400,000 from 1983. We intend to focus the avail-
able Buildings and Facilities resources to those facilities and types of projects
covered in the results of the Agency study.
Program Description
This appropriation funds the design and construction of new EPA facilities,
as well as necessary repairs and improvements to buildings already occupied by EPA,
whether Federally owned or leased. The program contains the following two program
elements.
New Facilities This includes engineering a.nd design services and construc-
tion costsof hew T Federally owned facilities to be occupied by EPA, or the expan-
sion of existing Federally owned, EPA occupied facilities.
Repairs and Improvements -- This covers major repairs and capital improvements
to any buildings or facilfifes occupied by EPA. Most of the projects relate to
the correction of health and safety deficiencies, the prevention of serious dete-
rioration, or pollution control.
NEM FACILITIES
1984 Request
We are not requesting any funds for New Facilities in 1984.
1983 Program
No funds are allocated for New Facilities in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There were no funds obligated for this activity in 198Z.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1984 Request
The Agency requests 32,600,000 for this program, a decrease of $400,000.
The requested funds will address the most pressing health and safety projects at
EPA laboratories and other facilities, and for maintenance and repairs required
to prevent the deterioration of EPA occupied facilities. This critical program
is directed toward providing a safe and healthful working environment for EPA em-
ployees; ensuring that all EPA facilities meet pollution abatement standards;
providing facilities maintenance that is essential to conduct program operations,
prevent deterioration of EPA facilities, and provide preventative maintenance;
improving capabilities at both research, program-oriented, and Regional laborato-
ries; and addressing Agency requirements for toxic and hazardous material handling
facilities. Again in 1984, in conformance with the Appropriation Committees1
concerns, this request contains funding for all repairs and improvement projects
over $20,000. The Salaries and Expenses (S&E) appropriation contains funds for
projects under $20,000.
EF-5
-------
1983Program
The Agency is allocating 33,000,000 in 1983 for engineering, design, and
construction related to health and safety, preventive maintenance* and emergency
repairs at selected EPA facilities. We will continue the fumehood certification
program, as well as reinstitute the preventive maintenance program deferred in
1982. With resolution of the long-term facilities strategy plan, we expect to
begin funding those priority projects in conformance with the plan. In line with
reforms introduced in 1981 and 1982, this budget earmarks funds for emergency
repairs and engineering services essential to the timely and effective obligation
of buildings and facilities funds. Also included 1s funding for space planning,
reconfigurations, and alterations associated with space reductions begun in 1982.
This program, in confortnance with the Appropriation Committees' concerns, contains
funding for all buildings and improvements projects greater than $20,000. The
Salaries and Expenses appropriation contains funds for repairs and improvement
projects under 520,000.
1983 Explanation ofChangesfrom Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of 53,384,700 to correct essential health and
safety deficiencies and install pollution control devices in EPA laboratories in
1982. This included projects to.' upgrade fumehoods and ventilation, install
sewage disposal systems, provide safe storage for hazardous and toxic materials,
modify emergency exits, correct faulty electrical systems, and modify or replace
fire detection systems. We continued the fumehood certification program begun
in 1981.
We deferred other essential maintenance and program expansion projects origi-
nally planned for 1982 pending the correction of health, safety, and pollution
control deficiencies and the completion of the long-term facilities strategy plan.
-------
Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CON STRUCncHJ GRANTS CG-1
Construction Grants.. , C.G-2
CG-1
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE
1984
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 vs 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Appropriation
Obligations*
Appropriation
Contract Authority
Outlays
Appropriation
Contract Authority
Liquidation of
Contract Authority
SZ,400,000.0 52,400,000.0 S2,430,000.0 $2,400,000.0
-30,000.0
$2,116,802.7 $2,400,000.0 $3,300,000.0 52,700,000.0 -$600,000.0
(2,116,802.7) (2,400,000.0) (3,300,000.0) (2,700,000.0) (-600,000.0)
( . ... ) ( ,.. ) ( ... ) ( ... ) ( ... )
$3,756,152.1 $3,350,000.0 S3,TOO,000.0 $2,800,000.0 -5300,000.0
(3,136,819.9) (2,950,000.0) (3,100,000.0) 12,800,000.0) (-300,000.0)
(619,332.2) (400,000.0) ( ... ) ( ... ) ( ... )
SI,000,000.0
Authorization Levels S2,400,000.0
$2,600,000.0 $2,600,000.0 52,600,000.0
* Net obligations in 1982 are S682 million less, and $300 million less in 1983 and 1984.
CG-2
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEWAND STRATEGY
The long range goal of the Construction Grants program is to reduce the dis-
charge of municipal wastewater pollutants in order to improve water quality and
protect public health. To meet this goal, the program provides grants to municipal
and inter-municipal agencies to assist in financing the construction of cost-effec-
tive and environmentally sound municipal wastewater treatment facilities to comply
with requirements of the Clean Water Act In addition, the program provides funds
to assist States in carrying out their responsibilities in managing the Construc-
tion Grants and water quality management planning programs.
From 1973 through 1982, Congress authorized approximately S44 billion and
appropriated approximately $38 billion. Approximately $34 billion has been obli-
gated and S2.S billion outlayed under P.L. 92-500. In spite of these large invest-
ments in the program, the 1980 Needs Survey identified needs of SI20 billion .for
sewage treatment that would be eligible for Federal funding under then-current
legislation. The Administration proposed several reforms in the program; they were
enacted by the Congress and signed by the President on December 29, 1981. The
1981 amendments to the Clean Water Act provide for more cost-effective targeting
of the construction grants program. They reduce long-term expenditures for capital
investments, thereby relieving the burden on the Federal government for financing
projects that improve the environment marginally or not at all, and emphasise
water quality based funding decisions.
EPA has simplified program regulations to eliminate all requirements not
directly called for in the legislation. These modifications will provide the
States maximum flexibility in determining the best way to implement their construc-
tion grants programs. The regulatory reforms have been accompanied by Issuance of
appropriate discretionary guidance documents. EPA has also made major efforts to
complete and close out projects more quickly and to ensure that completed plants
meet permit requirements.
To meet the long range goals of the program, EPA has identified the following
major objectives: U to direct funds to projects with the greatest potential for
improving water quality; 2) to ensure that communities have the financial capabi^
lity to construct, operate, and maintain proposed treatment works that can become
self-sustaining; 3) to prevent waste, fraud, and mismanagement and ensure program
integrity; 4) to eliminate remaining backlogs and prevent their recurrence; 5) to
implement results-oriented program management approaches in States and EPA; 6) to
continue to fully delegate project management responsibilities to States; and
7) to continue to streamline program management requirements. The requested
$2,400,000,000 will allow States and municipalities to continue funding needed
projects while maintaining program stability and integrity.
C.G-3
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
BudgetJeqii _es t
An appropriation of S2.400,000,000 is requested for 1984 for the municipal
construction grants program established under Title II of the Clean Water Act
(CWA), as amended by the 1981 Clean Water Act Amendments. This represents a de-
crease of 330,000,000 from 1983. Obligations (net) for 1984 are expected to total
52,400,000,000, a decrease of 5600,000,000 from 1983. This decrease is attributa-
ble to a reduction In carryover funds.
Prog ram Description
This program provides grants to municipal and intertiiunicipal agencies to
assist in financing the construction of cost-effective and environmentally sound
municipal wastewater treatment facilities; to assist delegated States in carrying
out their responsibilities to manage the Construction Grants program; and to assist
States in carrying out water quality planning programs. The program also provides
special funding to address marine combined sewer overflow problems. Resources
associated with the management of these funds are described in the Municipal Source
Control subactivity and the Water Quality State Programs Management subactivity.
From its annual construction grants allotment, a State may reserve up to four
percent of its authorization or $400,000, whichever is greater, to manage its dele^
gated activities, and must reserve up to one percent of its allotment or $100,000,
whichever is greater, for water quality management planning. The Act also requires
that each State set aside between four and seven and one-half percent of its allot-
ment to provide incentives to communities to use innovative and alternative tech*
nologies in constructing their wastewater treatment facilities and that States
having substantial rural populations set aside four percent of their funds for
alternative projects in small commmunities. All grants for assisting in the devel-
opment and construction of wastewater treatment facilities are to be awarded on
the basis of a State's priority system, which is designed to ensure that funds are
awarded to projects with the greatest potential for improving water quality.
Through the end of FY 1982, approximately $34 billion had been obligated under
this program, with approximately S4.1 billion still unobligated.
Before the 1981 Amendments, projects were done in three stages with separate
grants awarded to a community for the planning (Step 1), design (Step 2), and
construction (Step 3) phases of each project. In order to make the process more
efficient, the 1981 Amendments eliminated the three-step procedure and provided
for allowances for the planning and design costs. Provision is also made for
advances to enable small communities, otherwise unable to finance such activities,
to plan and design projects. Other provisions designed to make the program more
efficient and cost-effective include eliminating funding to construct excess re-
serve capacity, limiting project eligibilities beginning in 1985, expanding the
secondary treatment definition, and extending for one year the period for coastal
cities to seek secondary treatment waivers under Section 301(h).
The 1981 Amendments also emphasized increased non-Federal responsibility for
financing, constructing, and operating cost-effective treatment works that meet
their permit requirements. The local funding share will increase from 25% to 45%
for awards made beginning in FY 1985. Srantees must now demonstrate prior to award
that the most economical and cost-effective alternative has been selected, includ-
ing construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement costs. Value engineer-
ing review is mandatory for projects above $10 million. Additionally, engineering
firms will be expected to oversee a project's first year of operation to help
ensure that it meets design and permit specifications.
CG-4
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The goal of the State management assistance grant program under Section 205(g)
is to encourage States to assume responsibility for management of construction
grants and other priority programs with emphasis on early achievement of full dele-
gation of the program. The timing and extent of delegation and financial support
to each State depends on the State's ability to operate a construction grants
program that meets statutory requirements and EPA policy. A grant is provided to
a State when it is able to exercise effective management for a substantial portion
of the program.
EPA is working with all States to ensure the maximum delegation possible. A
total of 49 States (including Puerto Rico) are expected to have signed delegation
agreements by the end of 1984, with 36 of the States fully delegated by that time.
EPA will continue to exercise project management responsibilities in remaining
nondelegated and partially delegated States and Territories. EPA will also con-
tinue to maintain Federal responsibilities for ensuring effective, orderly use of
construction grant funds; implement results-oriented program management; ensure
program accountability 1n meeting statutory goals; work with States in meeting
program priorities, providing information transfer and guidance as necessary; and
work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as it fulfills its program management,
State training, and State management assistance role.
The goal of the water quality planning grant program under Section 205(j) is
to support State, regional, and local planning activities, including determining
the nature and extent of water quality problems; identifying priority water bodies;
identifying cost-effective, acceptable means to meet and maintain water quality
standards, including point-nonpoint source control tradeoffs; and identifying
municipal treatment" construction needs. States are required to consult with local,
regional, and interstate agencies in developing work plans for using these funds.
In accordance with Congressional directives, the Administrator is reviewing
all proposed advanced treatment projects where the incremental costs of the ad-
vanced component is greater than $3,000,000. The review of these projects is
performed by EPA staff in Headquarters; the Regional offices are responsible for
review of similar projects with an incremental cost of less than $3,000,000. This
review ensures that such funding is strictly limited to those situations where the
higher level of treatment would result in significant water quality and public
health improvements.
1984 Program Request
In 1984, EPA proposes a construction grants appropriation of 52,400,000,000,
a decrease of 530,000,000 from 1983. This funding level will provide for 597 grant
awards and $2,400,000,000 in net obligations. The Agency estimates that outlays
will total approximately 52,800,000,000. A total of 1,200 projects are expected
to complete construction. This appropriation will allow for new obligational
authority of 590,797,000 for Section 205{g) delegation management and $24,407,792
for water quality planning under Section 205(j).
By the end of 1984, EPA expects that the construction grants program will have
achieved essentially full delegation. No additional States are expected to accept
initial delegation in 1984, although 36 States will assume full delegation, an
increase of 6 from 1983. The remaining States are expected to continue at approxi-
mately the same levels of delegation for the near future. In 1984 States will
provide 2,140 workyears or 68% of the total program management staffing, EPA 18%,
and the Corps of Engineers the remaining 14%.
EPA will continue its role as overall program manager by working with States
in targeting funds toward priority water quality needs; assuring that proposed
plants are within each community's financial capabilities and have the capability
for becoming self-sustaining; completing and closing out projects as quickly as
possible; ensuring effective facilities construction, including improved first year
operations; preventing waste, fraud, or abuse and taking necessary corrective
action; ensuring that grants obligations and outlays projections are viable; and
managing effectively shared EPA, State, and Corps of Engineers responsibilities.
CG-5
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EPA anticipates that States will obligate 524,400,000 under Section 205 (j) in
support of water quality management priorities identified in 1982 and 1983. States
will review and revise water quality standards; update State Continuing Planning
Processes; ensure consistency between water quality management plans and permit
and construction grants decisions; and develop needed source and nonpoint source
control programs.
1983 Program
With a 1983 construction grants appropriation of S2 ,430, 000, .000, a total of
771 Step 3 and 2+3 grants totaling 53,000,000,000 will be awarded in 1983. A total
of 1,136 projects are expected to complete construction. These funds will also
support construction qrants management activities under Section 205(g) in 49 dele-
gated States with estimated obligations of $107,103,000; water quality management
planning activities in the States with estimated obligations of 545,200,000 under
Section 205(j) and funding of Marine Combined Sewer Overflow projects.
EPA expects three additional States will accept initial delegation in 1983.
Of the 49 jurisdictions with delegation agreements, 30 States are expected to
assume full delegation, an increase of 9 over 1982. With the exception of stat-
utory responsibilities for project management, EPA will exercise the role of over-
all program manager in these States.
The Agency will work with States to define annual national program priorities
and objectives, monitor delegated State programs, and provide needed management
assistance. The Federal program will emphasize results-oriented oversight of a
limited number of high priority program activities where there are direct finan-
cial, water quality, or public health concerns. EPA will ensure that funded proj-
ects meet identified water quality and public health needs; projects are technolo-
gically appropriate and within the financial capability of the comtmnunities served;
appropriate Advanced Treatment funding decisions are made; projects are completed
and closed out as quickly as possible; waste, fraud, and mismanagement in the
program are prevented; obligation and outlay projections are viable; and that
States continue to implement delegated roles.
The 545,200,000 to be obligated in 1983 under Section 205(j) includes
522,200,000 available from 1982. Funding priorities will include reviewing and
revising water Quality standards for use attainability, updating water quality
management planning processes and plans, and conducting wasteload allocations on
priority waterbodies for determining treatment needs.
1982
In 1982, construction grants awards totaled 586, including 26 Step 1, 36 Step
2, and 524 Step 2+3 and Step 3 awards. This funding resulted in 8,346 active
orojects by the end of the year. In 1982, Federal outlays totaled $3,756,152,000
and obligations totaled 52,116,800,000.
During 1982, one additional State signed a Section 205(g) agreement. Of the
46 jurisdictions with delegation agreements, 21 are considered to be fully dele-
gated including assistance provided by the Corps of Engineers. Delegated States
obligated 550,131,000 in 1982 to support construction grants and other program
needs. States provided 1,901 workyears,^ or 59% of the total program. No states
obligated Section 205(j) because of the timing of the appropriation. 522,200,000
of 1982 funds were reserved for 1983 use,
CG-6
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Superfund
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND SF-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances SF-3
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-19
Technical Support - Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel.. SF-22
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement...... SF-23
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-25
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support. SF-2S
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters SF-33
Hazardous Substance Financial Management- Regions... SF-33
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters SF-34
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions SF-35
Hazardous Substance Occupational Health & Safety - Headquarters. SF-36
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-36
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-37
Hazardous Substance Laboratories & Facilities . SF-38
Hazardous Substance Computer Services SF-38
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters SF-39
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-39
Hazardous Substance - Inspector General SF-40
Hazardous Substance Natural Resource Claims.... SF-41
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy 8 Resource Management.... SF-41
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA * SF-44
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-45
Assessing & Replacing Natural Resources.. , ., SF-49
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency..... SF-50
Department of Health & Human Services SF-52
United States Coast Guard SF-52
Department of Justice , SF-53
National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration , SF-53
Deoartment of Interior SF-54
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory SF-55
SF-1
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SUPERFUND
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS .IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL, Superfund
5180,743.6 5230,000.0 $210,000.0 $310,0.00.0 100,000.0
5180,743.6 S230,000.0 $210,000.0 5310,000.0 100,000,0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
465.6 516.4 623.8 619.3 -4.5
527.7 592.2 699.6 707.1 7.5
$79,576.0 5188,000.0 5177,000.0 $269,000.0 +5.92,000.0
By virtue of Appropriation Act, as authorized by
Public Law 96-510.
SF-2
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
In 1984, the major emphasis of the Superfund program will continue to be on
the field implementation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. This law establishes a broad based and inte-
grated program, involving both Federal and State governments, to address the en-
vironmental problems posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and spills of
hazardous materials. The costs of implementing CERCLA is funded by the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund. This Fund is financed by a combination of excise
taxes levied on oil and chemical manufacturers and revenues from the General Fund.
The authority to collect taxes exnires on or before September 30, 1985.
The primary goal of the Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund program
is to effectively respond to the release or threatened release of hazardous sub-
stances, pollutants, or contaminants that may present an imminent or substantial
endangerment to public health, welfare, or the environment. The two basic types of
responses that can be taken are removal and remedial actions. Removal actions
are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate threat posed by
the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at both sites and spills into
the air, land, and water media. Remedial actions involve longer term and more
complex solutions at hazardous waste sites.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the program,
CERCLA Drov'des a clear mandate for the Agency to work closely with a variety of
other Federal agencies and the States in order to carry out the Act. The National
Contingency Plan provides the basic framework for implementing the program 1n a
timely and effective fashion. The Agency undertakes five major activities in im-
plementing the Superfund program: Hazardous Substance Response, Enforcement, Re-
search and Development, Management and Support, and Interagency Support. The
effective integration of these activities will involve close cooperation among
various Agency offices, the States and other Federal agencies with specific program
responsibilities.
Hazardous Substance Response
In 1984, Hazardous Substance Response activities financed by the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund will be focused on the containment of the most
serious hazardous waste emergencies and the continuation and initiation of remedial
actions at uncontrolled sites posing the greatest threat to public health and the
environment. In 1984, the Agency will continue its systematic evaluation of all
known uncontrolled waste sites to determine which pose a significant threat to
public health, welfare, or the environment. As required by CERCLA, the National
Priority List has been prepared to provide a basis for determining priorities
for response and enforcement efforts. In order to make the best use of available
resources, before any Federally sponsored remedial action is initiated, a concerted
effort will be made to have responsible parties assume the cost of response. When
this fails, the Agency will proceed to characterize the problem, identify and
analyze feasible solutions, and then design and implement the selected alternative.
By the end of 1984, the Agency expects to have initiated planning efforts at ap-
proximately 130-140 sites and begun the design or implementation of solutions at
approximately 75 sites.
In 1984, the Agency will continue to work closely with the States in select-
ing and implementing solutions at hazardous waste sites. States will be encouraged
to accept management of all response actions when capable. For those sites where
the States do not accept the lead for management of the response, the Agency will
contract for the necessary expertise to conduct 'the assessment of and selection
of alternatives and the Army Corps of Engineers will manage design and construction
contracts to implement the solution.
-------
The Agency will continue to ensure an effective emergency resoonse program
for any major hazardous substance spills and for emergency releases at hazardous
waste sites. Approximately 4,000 hazardous material spills and site emergencies
occur each year. The Federal government will need, as in the past, to respond
directly at only a small number of these incidents. Maintenance of a Federal
canability to respond directly to certain incidents is absolutely crucial for
those situations when the party "responsible is either unknown or incapable of
oroperly handling the response and the State and local governments are unable to
provide adequate response. The Agency will work closely with the U.S. Coast'Guard
and other members of the National and Regional Response Team, as well as the States,
to provide timely and effective response in those situations where it is truly
necessary.
Enforcement
The Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund is insufficient to support clean-
up of all problem sites and spills. The Agency's enforcement program will empha-
size securing privately-financed response actions through negotiated settlement
or administrative and legal action and will initiate cost recovery whenever possi-
ble. These efforts will expand the program's ability to address uncontrolled
waste sites.
The Agency's enforcement efforts will focus on the development of legally and
technically sound cases. Those responsible for uncontrolled sites or spills will
be given an early opportunity to reach a settlement and voluntarily assume the
cost of responding. However, the Agency will continue to initiate adnrinistrative
and legal actions against those parties who fail to negotiate in good faith. In
addition, in those cases where a Fund-financed response action is undertaken,
the Aaency will seek to recover the cost of resoonding. If appropriate, the Agency
nay seek to impose the treble damage provisions of CERCLA.
Research and Development
The Superfund Research and Development program supports the Agency, States,
and industry in resolving those technical problems which inhibit the ef-fective
implementation of removal and remedial actions. The Office of Research and Devel-
opment supoort for Agency Superfund activities focuses on adopting existing tech-
nologies and scientific information for application to uncontrolled hazardous
waste site situations. For instance, current technologies used in the construc-
tion industry, wastewater treatment, and soil! cleanup, may be applicable to
uncontrolled waste sites. However, before these technologies can be applied, they
must first be tested, their cost-effectiveness determined, and limitations under-
stood. In addition, field response personnel must be in a position to identify
rapidly and measure accurately the hazardous waste with which they are confronted
and determine quickly the risk Involved to the surrounding population and eco-
system.
Superfund activities of the Office of Research and Development are system-
atically designed to provide the following in support of the Agency's programfsh
methods for sampling and analyzing hazardous materials needed for quality assur-
ance protocols; techniques for field response personnel to use 1n evaluating
potential ecological . effects of hazardous' materials releases from waste sites;
characterization of hazardous materials through the use of remote monitoring tech-
niques; evaluation of the hazard potential of substances released from uncontrolled
sites; and engineering and other technical guidance to Federal, State and local
officials for "immediate response to uncontrolled site cleanup operations.
SF-4
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Management and Support
Management and Support activities for the Superfund program provide the full
array of financial, administrative, and support services in an integrated and
efficient manner. The five major activities conducted to supply basic Agency
management and support are provision of administrative services, financial manage-
ment, policy and resource management, and the services of the Offices of the Inspec-
tor General and General Counsel.
Administrative services include personnel management, contracts management,
data systems management, and occupational health and safety. Also included are
funds necessary for facility rental. Federal Telecommunications Service, utilities,
local telephone costs, and other support costs.
Financial management activities include the maintenance of systems, procedures,
and records that accurately reflect the financial condition of the Fund, and pro-
vide full accounting of all receipts and disbursements and site specific accounting
to document cost recovery.
Policy and resource management activities support program implementation
through: statistical, technical, economic, and financial analyses of regulations,
guidelines, policies, and program activities; the development and implementation
of management tracking and accountability systems; and, budget preparation, control,
execution, and evaluation.
The Agency's Office of Inspector General is responsible for determining
whether or not the Fund is being properly administered; preparing interim and
final Reports to the Congress; and conducting, supervising, and coordinating
pre-award, interim, and final audits of Superfund contracts and interagency agree-
ments.
The Agency's Office of General Counsel supports the Superfund program by
providing advice and consultation on financial and administrative matters such
as eligible uses of the Fund and legal support for the development and defense
of regulations. The General Counsel also provides advice to Superfund managers
and States on Cooperative Agreements with State agencies to manage removal or
remedial work, and for defensive litigation arising out of Agency Superfund
decisions.
Interagency Support
In addition to requiring integration of the efforts of the various Agency
offices with program responsibilities, the Superfund program requires close co-
operation among various Federal agencies. Executive Order 12316, signed by the
President in August 1981, requires that the Agency assume responsibility for the
management of the program. In addition, several other agencies including the
Departments of Justice, Health and Human Services, Transportation, Commerce, and
Interior, as well as, the Federal Emergency Management Agency were assigned respon-
sibilities under CERCLA and the Executive Order. To ensure a coordinated Federal
program, the Agency will emphasize the development of an integrated approach in
undertaking site response actions. Activities at specific sites undertaken by
other Federal agencies will be triggered at the request of the lead Agency's on-
scene personnel and will be funded through reimbursable agreements. On-going
activities of other Federal agencies are determined jointly under the interagency
budget process established in the Executive Order and are funded through transfer
allocation accounts. The dual system ensures that agencies have sufficient funds
to conduct on-going activities while providing the lead Agency the ability to
manage and coordinate Federal actions at specific sites.
SF-5
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SUPERFUNn
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimated Decrease -
Program Activities 1982 = 1983 1983 19841933 vs1984
Hazardous Substance 50 50 50 50 0
Spills and Sites -
Immediate Removal Actions
Hazardous Substance -Sites -
Planned Removal Actions 1 30 15 10 - 5
Remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments 1,500 2,000 4,000 4,000 0
Inspections 1,300 500 3,000 2,000 0
Investigations 400 100 200 200 0
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies 31 56 40 55 + 15
Initial Remedial Measures* 12 - 15 20 +5
designs 8 20 24 40 + 16
Remedial Actions 14 11 11 22 + 11
Enforcement Activities
Technical Support for
On-going Docket/Filed 42 - 25 40 + 15
Cases
Settlements 20 36 50 + 14
Enforcement of Administrative - - 17 32 +15
Orders
CERCLA §106 Imminent Hazard
Civil Litigation Case q _ 7 10 +3
Support
CF.RCLA §107 Cost Recovery
Civil Litigation Case 18 - 14 24 + 10
Support
State Support Activities 17 30 30 0
Initial remedial measures involve limited actions, if necessary, such as drum excava-
tion required to continue work on remedial investigation/feasibility study or design.
SF-6
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances,... SF-8
SF-7
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 YS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Hazardous Substance $459.9 $614.2 $614.2 $794.0 $179.8
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $459.9 $614.2 $614.2 $794.0 $179.8
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Hazardous Substance $2,785.9 $1,989.9 $1,989.9 $2,905.9 $916.0
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $2,785.9 $1,989.9 $1,989.9 $2,905.9 $916.0
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Hazardous Substance 59,809.5 $3,499.4 S3,499.4 $2,221.3 -$1,278.1
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $9,809.5 $3,499.4 $3,499.4 $2,221.3 -$1,278.1
Environmental Processes
& Effects
Hazardous Substance $757.9 $232.5 $232.5 S459.5 $227.0
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $757.9 $232.5 S232.5 $459.5 $227.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance S13.813.2 S6,336.0 $6,336.0 $6,380.7 $44.7
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $13,813.2 $6,336.0 $6,336.0 $6,380.7 $44.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 3.8 2.5 2.5 2.5
Monitoring Systems & 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.4
Quality Assurance
Environmental Engineering 11.8 , 11.5 11.5 11.5
& Technology
Environmental Processes 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1
& Effects
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 26.1 24.5 24.5 24.5
SF-8
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Qua! ity Assurance
Environmental Engineering
& Technology
Environmental Processes
& Effects
TOTAL WORKYEARS
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Monitoring Systems &
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
3.8 2.5 2.5 2.5
8.6 8.4 8.4 8.4
11.8
1.9
26.1
11.5
2.1
24.5
11.5
2.1
24.5
11.5
2.1
24.5
SF.-9
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Major Outputs/Milestones 1982 1983 1984
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
- Develop methods for assessing health 9/82 9/83 9/84
effects and exposure to complex wastes.
(Scientific Assessment)
- Prepare risk assessments for use in remedial Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing
and enforcement actions.(Scientific Assessment)
- Guidelines for sampling and emergency 9/82 9/83 9/84
response. (Monitoring)
- Laboratory on-site evaluations and Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing
aerial photo studies. (Monitoring)
- Provide Superfund field procedure docu- 9/83 9/83 9/84
ntents to aid response teams in assessing
and cleaning up uncontrolled sites.
(Env. Processes)
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites
- Mobile incinerator construction, testing and 6/83 9/84 9/84
demonstration. {Env. Eng.)
- Handbooks for decontamination procedures, 1/84 9/84 9/84
cover design and Installation, slurry trench
design and installation. {Env. Eng.)
- Handbooks for fixation/solidification of 12/83 8/85 8/85
wastes, design and performance of liner
materials and evaluation of organic chemicals
on cutoff wall performance. (Env. Eng.)
Provide Information for Personnel Health and
Safety Equipment and Procedures
- Develop interim and final diver safety 8/84
protocol. {Env. Eng.)
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Ef flirts
- Monitoring guidelines. (Monitoring) 9/83 9/84
- Develop criteria "reportable quantities" (RQs) 9/82 9/83 9/84
and for chemicals listed in CERCLA, Sections
101(14) and 102. (Scientific Assessment)
SF-10
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,380,700 and 24.5 permanent workyears for
1984, an increase of $44,700. Within this level, there is a decrease in environ-
mental engineering and technology and increases in the other program elements
which comprise this sub-activity.
Program Description
Unsound hazardous waste management practices in the United States have
resulted in large numbers of uncontrolled sites, many now abandoned, that are
causing contamination of the environment.
The support afforded by the Office of Research and Development (ORD) is almost
entirely a technical support function through which ORD uses completed research or
developments from other programs such as Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Spills and
Prinking Water to provide the support necessary for program implementation.
Carefully tailored guidance documents, operations manuals, assessment techniques,
evaluation of control technologies and general technical assistance are provided
to meet the requirements of EPA program and regional offices, States and local
authorities. Specific program objectives established as the basis for ORD support
activities are:
Objective 1. Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assess-
ment. Activitiesunder this objective provide the necessary techniques and proce-
dures to allow On-Scene Coordinators (OSC) to quickly and effectively assess the
degree of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. An extensive
quality assurance program for the National Contracts Program is also included.
Objective 2. Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Ac-
tivities under this objective evaluate and assess technologies, techniques and con-
struction materials which may be applicable to controlling hazardous waste incidents
in a cost-effective manner.
Objective 3. Provide Procedures for Assuring Effective Ppst-Closure of ^neon-
trolled Sites.These activities provide the means to accurately monitor and ensure
adequate control during the post-closure phase of site cleanup.
Objective 4. Provide Information on Personnel Health and Safety Equipment and
Procedures. These activities evaluate and assess the technical areas necessary to
ensure personnel health and safety during removal and cleanup operations, includ-
ing the evaluation and assessment of: communications equipment and procedures,
protective clothing and breathing apparatus, personal monitoring for exposure,
safety procedures for extended site' operations, and decontamination procedures of
personnel and equipment exposed to hazardous materials.
Objective 5. Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. These activ-
ities support Superfundregulatory efforts by ranking and assigning reportable
quantities to chemicals based upon a number of scientific and technical factors,
including chronic mammalian toxicity or potential carcinogem'city.
Objectives. Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offic₯iTThese activities provide verification of remedial action design and imple-
mentation, review and evaluation of all QA/QC plans, review of new data submitted
by liable parties, and provide expert witnesses when required for litigation proce-
dures.
SF-n
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $794,000 and 2.5 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $179,830 in total funding and no change in
workyears, reflecting the Agency's increased need for emergency response and
enforcement support.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment..
Rapid response health assessments will be provided to On-Scene-Coordinators (OSCs)
for use in deciding appropriate response to emergency situations. These assessments
are chemical-specific but when sunned over the chemicals involved will allow OSCs
at a spill or uncontrolled site to determine potential hazards and the need for
more detailed assessments. Also, methods for preparing detailed assessments of
human health effects and exposure to complex hazardous wastes are being refined.
Additional factors will be considered in formulating more comprehensive versions
of methods developed in 1983.
Provide Procedures for Ensuring Effective Post-Closure of Uncontrolled Sites.
Site-speeific and chemical-specific detailed risk assessments will be prepared to
verify the long-term adequacy of Agency sponsored remedial, enforcement and volun-
tary compliance actions. Since residual levels of hazardous substances may remain
in the environment after remedial responses, protocols are also being developed to
estimate aggregate acceptability indices from exposure to these levels. This
effort will help address the issue of "how clean is clean" from a human health
standpoint.
SuppprtReportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific criteria
were developed in 1982 and 1983 to determine minimum "reportable quantities" (RQs)
for each chemical listed or specified under CERCLA, Sections 101(14) and 102 based
upon their inherent health hazard. Approximately 50 to 70 reportable quantity
determinations required under Section 102 will still remain to be completed in
1984 (all of those under Section 101 will be completed earlier). Resources also
will be required to respond to public comments during rulemaking for all of the
chemicals in both sections.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $614,200 and 2.5 permanent work-
years for this program, all of which is funded under the Hazardous Substance Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Toxicity
data are being compiled and summarized for 100 additional chemicals 1n order to
respond rapidly to requests from OSCs at emergency sites. First generation methods
for evaluating human health hazards resulting from multiple media exposure to
chemical mixtures are being completed and compiled in the form of a technical sup-
port document,
Provide Procedures for Ensuring Effective Post-Closure of Uncontrolled Sites.
Chemical-specific and site-specific hazard/risk assessments are being provided to
identify potential acute and chronic human health hazards arising from multi-media
exposures to complex mixtures and single chemicals found in past remedial situa-
tions. These assessments vary in depth of coverage, ranging from brief hazard
summary statements to full peer reviewed risk assessments for use in litigation
or negotiation.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific criteria
for determining reportable quantities are being finalized and applied to approxi-
mately 75 chemicals among those designated under CERCLA Section 101(14).
SF-12
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1983 Explanation of Changes From Budget Estimate
These was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5459,900 for this program, all of
which was under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Toxicity
data were compiled and summarizedfor 60chemicals, and 20 rapid response health
assessments were provided upon request from regional and program staff. Methods
for determining human health effects from multiple media exposure and single chemi-
cals were completed and summarized in the form of a draft report now under review.
Provide Procedures for Ensuring Effective Post-Closure of Uncontrolled Sites.
A total of six detailed human health risk assessments were completed in 1982 as part
of this program.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Preliminary criteria for
determining reportable quantities were developed and applied to approximately 75
chemicals listed in CERCLA, Section 101(14).
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,905,900 and 8.4 permanent workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of 5916,000, resulting in a strengthening of
efforts to provide an effective quality assurance program in support of the National
Contracts Laboratory Program. The increase also reflects the anticipated growth
of sample analyses from waste sites and an increase in the number of settlement
agreements from enforcement actions.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. - It is
anticipated that some 12-1b contractors win be involved in the National Contracts
Laboratory Program in 1984. On-site laboratory evaluations, blind sample analyses,
quarterly reviews and a 10 percent data audit will be provided in order to establish
data of known quality throughout the site analysis program. The site analysis and
prioritization program will use historical and new aerial photography to provide
more than 500 site studies. A second edition of the "Compendium of Sampling
Methods" will be published to provide the latest methods to States and industry.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. The Reportable Quantities
Regulations under provision of Superfund Sections 101(14) and 102 will be updated
and strengthened by adding monitoring methods for new chemicals.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices.
Enforcement cases wilt be provided with increased monitoring expertise for case
preparation. Quality assurance and quality control efforts to ensure that clean-up
by industry is consistent with agreements will receive direct ORD support. Support
will be available to program offices and Regions in the form of geophysical moni-
toring to ensure that removal and remedial actions have been successful in abating
pollution. A referee laboratory to analyze split samples from field monitoring
and provide quick turn around analyses of complex samples will be provided to the
Regions along with special studies in air, water, soils and biota monitoring.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of'SI ,989,900 and 8.4 permanent
workyears to this program, all of which is under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
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Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. A more
encompassing and effective quality assurance program for the NationalContracts
Laboratory Program is being implemented in order to obtain data of known quality.
The first edition of a "Compendium of Sampling Methods" and "Guidelines On Response
to Emergencies" is being completed. Historical and new aerial photography is
being used to characterize site conditions.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. A compendium of available
monitoring methods for ambient and emergency monitoring of reportable quantities
is being provided to support Superfund Sections 101(14) and 102,
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. A
contractor-operated laboratory is providing referee analysis capabilities,sample
analysis for enforcement and analysis of complex samples for the Regions. Quality
assurance oversight of enforcement settlement agreements is being initiated. Field
testing of equipment for volatile organic air problems and water, soils and biota
monitoring is being supplied to Agency and operational State programs. Enforcement
support for case preparation is using state-of-the-art equipment and the scientific
expertise of the Office of Research and Development.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $2,785,900 for this program, all of
which was under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. The first
phase of a quality assurance program for the National Contracts Laboratory Program
and mandatory quality assurance program was implemented. Evaluation and standardi-
zation of sampling and analysis methods, and the development of a personal exposure
monitor were completed. An extensive program to characterize 100 sites with aerial
photography was accomplished.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. Sup-
port in the form of special studies on air, surface and ground water and oversight
of a contractor-operated laboratory for the analysis of complex field samples were
provided.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,221,300 and 11.5 permanent workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appro-
priation. This decrease of $1,278,100 reflects the near completion of major
engineering studies associated with the development of manuals required to support
initial Superfund implementation efforts.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Haste Sites. Response technology
to support emergency action at hazardous materials spills and newly discovered
releases of hazardous materials from uncontrolled waste sites will be evaluated.
Efforts will address response equipment and technology by demonstrating prototypical
equipment such as mobile incineration systems and mobile soil washing systems for
cost-effective multi-media removal actions at uncontrolled sites. Manuals of prac-
tice for handling damaged and leaking drums at waste sites will be made available.
A scientifically defensible technology base (including guidelines) will be prepared
to provide response personnel direction on the use of dispersants and/or coagulants
introduced into the environment to mitigate the- effects of hazardous releases.
SF-14
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Remedial technology activities will address the engineering and technology
needs of the program office and Regions relative to cleaning up problems at
abandoned waste sites. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of technologies applied
and validation of technology effectiveness will be an integral part of this effort.
A handbook on remedial technology will be prepared, based on a survey and assessment
of current technology and field assessments of remedial actions at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites begun in 1982. It will include design data, and cost and
effectiveness information to assist in selecting remedial action alternatives. Pre-
dictive capabilities characterizing reactivity of construction materials and hazard-
ous wastes will be provided. Models to predict the effectiveness of remedial action
will also be provided.
Provide Information on Personnel Health and Safety'Equipment and Procedures.
Based on our experience" at T)az"ardou"s~waste sites, there is ~i need to evaTuatl^ spec-
ialized equipment and establish current state-of-the-art procedures to ensure per-
sonnel safety during reconnaissance and cleanup, especially decontamination of
equipment and personnel. Outputs in this area will include manuals establishing
personnel safety protocols and the evaluation of equipment and techniques specific
to the needs of response personnel.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. In
order to provide timely technical and scientific information and analysis iri support
of hazardous waste site litigation and corrective actions, short-term, quick turn-
around technical advice and consultation will be provided to regional programs and
to the Office of Waste Program Enforcement,
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,499,400 and 11.5 permanent
workyears for this program, all of which is under the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Major activities
include evaluation of prototypical equipment for cost-effective multi-media removal
actions at spills and defective uncontrolled hazardous waste sites; production of
manuals addressing on-site assessment of the extent of contamination, containment
and confinement techniques for removal actions; and manuals addressing separation,
concentration of released hazardous chemicals, and ultimate disposal of collected
and concentrated cleanup residuals. A survey and assessment of current technology
applicable to remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites is also being
prepared.
Remedial action design sites analyses are being conducted and reports on pilot
test facilities to predict the effectiveness of remedial action schemes are being
prepared. Under this effort reports will be initiated on the prediction of reacti-
vity of construction materials with hazardous wastes. Technical resource documents
describing best engineering judgement practices for user communities In controlling
pollutant release from uncontrolled waste sites are being prepared.
Provide Information on Personne'lHealth and Safety Equipment and Procedures.
This programisproviding manuals onthetesting of specialized safety equipment
and procedures for ensuring personnel safety during site reconnaissance and cleanup
including decontamination of equipment and personnel. Emphasis is on evaluating
equipment and techniques specific to the needs of response personnel, including
people engaged in sampling and site investigation.
Provi de Technicaj Support to Enforceinent,^ Program and Regi onal Off1 ces_. The
program is provrtinlj quickturn-a'rolimi, shb'rt-terjif technical''suppbl"F tcf "uERR and
regional offices in reviewing response plans for uncontrolled hazardous waste sites,
enforcement cases, and control technology. Support is being provided by in-house
ORD technical experts and through ORD contractors! Response field assistance is
continuing, including on-site consultation, supervision of cleanup operations invol-
ving ORD equipment, and analytical support using mobile and central laboratories.
SF-15
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1J82 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $9,809,500 for this program, all of
which was under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Since the Office of
Research and Development's activitiesinsupport of CERClA began in 1981, only those
outputs with a short period of performance were completed in 1982. Major accomplish-
ments resulted in improved engineering technology to correct environmentally unsound
hazardous waste sites. Construction of a mobile incinerator designed for field use
in destroying hazardous organic substances collected from cleanup operations was
completed. In order to systematically evaluate and demonstrate the equipment, test
and trial burns were begun and will be completed in early 1983. A technical gap
was filled by providing technology (ultrasonic ref 1 ectometer) to locate insoluble
hazardous wastes (sinkers) at the bottom of waterbodies. A computerized data base
providing a centralized information bank of past hazardous substances incident
response experiences has been developed. Information from regional offices. States,
and localities are being added to the system to increase its comprehensiveness.
A number of tasks initiated in both 1982 and prior years produced reports, e.g.,
"Handbook - Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites," "Costs of Remedial Response
Actions at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites," and "In-Situ Stabilization Case
Study." Other activities included completion of a study on in-situ destruction
of PCS's In contaminated soils. Several technical handbooks were initiated,
addressing such subjects as slurry trench design, plume control, and.cover design.
Prpv i de I nformati on on P ersonnejHeal tn and Safety Equipment and Procedures
Activities; supporting this objectiverwerei riot initiated until the end of 1982 and
as a result, there were no products produced during that year.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program an
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Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. Tech-
.nical support will coritinueto be provided to enforcement, program and regional
offices on an "as requested" basis. In addition to predictive models and manuals,
field and enforcement personnel have a continuing need for technical support on a
short term basis to address site-specific problems.
1983 Accomplishments
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $232,500 and 2.1 permanent work-
years to this program, all of which is under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. The pro-
gram continues to focus on preparation and validation of user oriented .materials
to aid regional and State response team personnel. A set of manuals are being com-
pleted which assist OSCs in identifying ecological, biological, geohydrological
and economic factors germane to responding to releases of hazardous materials.
Models to predict the behavior of contaminants in ground and surface water are being
developed and selected for use. These will assist response team personnel in asses*
sing the risks posed at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, program and Regional Offices. The
program provides field and enforcement personnel with technical expertise in re-
sponse to site or situation-specific, needs and requests. Products include consul-
tations, supervision, testimony and analytic support.
1983 Explanation of Change from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982 the Agency obligated a total of 5757,900 and 1.9 permanent workyears
for this program, all of which was under the Hazardous-Substance Trust Fund appro-
priation.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Drafts
of user manuals were prepared for the land and ground water media and were distri-
buted for peer review to response team personnel. Efforts continued to develop a
user manual for surface-water assessments.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and RegionalOffices. The
program provided field and enforcement personnel with technicalexpertise in re-
sponse to site or situation-specific needs and requests. Products included con-
sultations, supervision, testimony and analytic support.
SF-17
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement . t SF-19
Technical Support - Office of Legal & Enforcement Counsel SF-22
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-23
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-25
SF-18
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Technical Support -
Office of Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Hazardous Substance $1,564.9 $2,346.2 $3,346.2 $964.5 -51,381.7
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,564.9 52,346.2 52,346.2 5964.5 -51,381.7
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance $6,581.7 $9,219.7 $8,74.5.6 $17,512.8 58,767.2
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL 56,581.7 $9,219.7 58,74.5.6 $17,512.8 58,767.2
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance 5263.0 53,762.6 53,534.4 $3,628.7 S94.3
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL 5263.0 53,762.6 53,534.4 53,628.7 594.3
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance 58,409.6 515,328.5 $14,626.2 $22,106,0 57,479.8
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL 58,40.9.6 S.15,328.5 $.14,626.2 $22,106.0 57,479.8
Response .- Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Technical Support - 1-9.7 15.0 15.0 12.0 -3.0
Office of Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
Hazardous Substance 12.1.2 84.9 117.9 120.6 .2.7
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance 4.1 66.0 79.4 73.9 -5.5
Legal Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 145.0 165.9 212.3 206.5 -5.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Technical Support - 20.8 19.0 19.0 14.0 -5.0
Office of Legal &
Enforcement Counsel
SF-19
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
137.8 99.3 132.3 140.0
7.7
5.1 71.9 85.3 82.5 -2.8
163.7 190.2 236.6 236.5 -.1
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 522,106,000 and 206.5 permanent workyears for
1984 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for technical,
administrative and legal enforcement activities. This represents an increase of
57,479,800 and a decrease of 5.8 permanent workyears from 1983. the increase in
dollars reflects greater reliance on contract resources to intensify efforts to
secure privately-financed actions in response to releases of hazardous substances.
In addition, contract funds will also support an increased level of cost recovery
actions thereby conserving the Trust Fund for use at future sites and spills.
The decrease in permanent workyears reflects the decreased need for legal policy
development 1n 1984.
Program Description
Hazardous substance response enforcement consists of the administrative and
legal enforcement actions authorized under CERCLA. In the event a release or
threat of a release presents an imminent or substantial endangerment to public
health, welfare, or the environment, the Agency may order responsible parties to
take abatement action by issuing a CERCLA §106 Administrative Order. NoncompH-
ance with such orders can result in the Agency assessing fines and/or treble damage
penalties against the party. Civil judicial actions also may be initiated to
compel response action. CERCLA §107 authorizes the Agency to recover the cost of
Federally-financed response actions from responsible parties by documenting the
release of threat of release, linking responsible parties to the site or spill,
and indicating that the Federal response was not Inconsistent with the National
Contingency Plan. Criminal actions may be initiated for failure to notify authori-
ties of releases as required under CERCLA §103.
Combined legal and technical documentation will support identification of
parties responsible for uncontrolled waste sites and spills, negotiations for
privately-financed response when possible, development and execution of CERCLA
§106 Administrative Orders, Initiation of cost recovery actions, and the develop-
ment of civil and criminal referrals for abatement and cost recovery actions to
the Department of Justice when warranted. The Agency will also provide technical
and legal enforcement support for the management of on-going imminent hazard and
cost recovery cases filed by the Department of Justice on behalf of the Agency.
The technical and legal enforcement functions of this program are performed under
separate program elements consistent with the Agency's reorganization of enforce-
ment activities.
Technical Support - Office of Legal and Enforcement Counsel This program
element comprises the Superfund portion of the activities of the National Enforce-
ment Investigations Center (NEIC) in Denver, Colorado which is within the Office
of Legal and Enforcement Counsel (OLEC). The NEIC provides technical support to
various aspects of the Superfund enforcement program, with emphasis on specialized
technical case support for high hazard and high priority enforcement cases as
well as national expertise and specialized services not normally available at
Headquarters or in the Regions. The NEIC focus is on provision of specialized
Investigatory assistance; technical support for case development for recovery of
funds expended for remedial and removal actions; evaluating technical evidence
related to litigation efforts; case preparation investigations; high hazard sample
SF-21
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analysis associated with the development of priority enforcement cases; special-
ized technical support in negotiating priority settlements; provisions of expert
technical witnesses in support of litigation; and specialized assistance to State
enforcement activities. The NEIC is primarily concerned with the provision of
specialized technical support to the Agency's civil and criminal litigation ac-
tivities.
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcenient This program covers the technical
enforcement 'component of the Superfund1 'program and is responsible for initiation
of administrative enforcement actions. Through a nationally managed program, the
Agency will provide support of efforts to secure responsible party response ac-
tions at uncontrolled sites and spills. This will include seeking response actions
through negotiations and voluntary settlements with responsible parties, maintain-
ing an aggressive Administrative Order process, and developing high quality, legal-
ly defensible technical evidence for civil litigation, A major program emphasis
will be on the recovery of Superfund costs, wherever possible, for removal and
remedial actions through the issuance of demand letters to responsible parties,
negotiation for payment by these parties, and technical support of litigation.
Technical support of criminal enforcement actions will be provided as well as
support of State lead enforcement efforts at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites,
HazardousSubstanceLegal Enforcement This program provides the legal staff
for enforcement efforts under' the Superfund program, A major emphasis under this
program is the development of the legal documentation necessary to reach agreement
for privately-financed response action at hazardous waste sites and spills. In
cooperation with technical enforcement staff, this program will provide legal
support for the issuance of demand letters, Administrative Orders and will parti-
cipate with the Department of Justice in negotiations of consent decrees and the
conduct of civil and criminal litigation. In addition, EPA legal staff will- work
with the Department of Justice to support cost recovery actions when a Superfund-
fihanced response has been taken. Finally, this program will ensure that a nation-
ally consistent enforcement approach is taken under Superfund.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF LEGAL AND ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
1984Program Request i
The Agency requests a total of S964,500 and 12.D permanent workyears for
this program from the Hazardous Substance .Response Trust Fund appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $1,381,700 and 3.0 permanent workyears from 1983.
The decrease reflects a refocusing of the National Enforcement Investigation
Center's (NEIC) efforts to the technical support of certain civil and criminal
litigation. Less emphasis will be placed on nonlitigation related activities such
as the development of investigative and analytical protocols and routine compli-
ance inspections.
In 19R4, this program will provide .specialized technical support to national-
ly managed cases that require unusually complex or difficult technical capabili-
ties. This program will supplement Regional staff in those cases that are tech-
nically difficult, and will fully support precedent-setting criminal cases. Re-
sponsibilities will include providing technical consultation and assistance in
case preparation activities including high hazard laboratory procedures; field
investigations in support of case development efforts for certain categories of
cases; laboratory analysis; evidence evaluation; report preparation; technical
testimony, and, negotiation of technical aspects of key consent decrees. Special-
ized technical assistance will be provided to State and Regional case development
efforts in preparation and analysis of high hazard samples. Contract funds will
provide for a continuation of the evidence audit function.
SlF-22
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,346,200 and 15.0 permanent
workyears to this program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund ap-
propriation. Specialized technical capabilities will be made available to Regional
enforcement programs and State agencies for site entry procedures, sampling of
highly hazardous drums and tanks, preparation and analysis of high hazard samples,
and a wide range of specialized analytical procedures, quality control, and evid-
ence security procedures. The Agency will assist the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion (FBI) and Regional investigative staffs 1n criminal investigations of hazardous
waste disposal practices by training FBI personnel in EPA technical evidence
gathering procedures. Ah evidence audit control process will be continued in
1983. This will ensure that proper cha1n-of-custody procedures are followed to
support the field investigation team contract.
1983Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,564,900 for this program from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This program provided
technical consultation and assistance in litigation preparation by performing
laboratory analyses, data evaluation, technical testimony, and negotiation of
technical aspects of consent decrees. It also developed high hazard laboratory
procedures, investigative protocols, and provided technical support in the review
of Agency regulations.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of SI7,512,800 and 120.6 permanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. This
reflects an increase of S8,767,200 and 2.7 permanent workyears to-expand efforts
to secure privately-financed response action at National Priority List sites and
to initiate cost recovery in all cases where there is a financially viable party
and it 1s cost-effective.
Efforts to secure response action at National Priority List sites will be
provided through a nationally managed program coordinating legal and technical
activities and assuring consistency with Agency policy. The Agency will continue
to identify, notify, and negotiate with responsible parties in an attempt to secure
voluntary, privately-financed response action at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. The Agency anticipates reaching settlements with responsible parties at 50
sites. The Agency will issue CERCLA §106 Administrative Orders, monitor compliance
with orders, and provide technical support for any litigation necessary to enforce
them. High quality, legally defensible technical evidence will be provided to
support the development of ten new civil cases to compel private party response
and to support an estimated 40 on-going civil actions already filed by the Depart-
ment of Justice on behalf of the Agency. >
In order to conserve Trust Fund resources for use at abandoned sites, efforts
to recover Trust Fund costs for removal and remedial actions will Increase in
1984. Through issuance of demand letters, negotiations, and, if necessary, tech-
nical support for civil litigation authorized under CERGLA §107, the Agency will
seek recovery of Trust Fund costs from financially viable responsible parties.
The Agency expects to refer 24 cost recovery actions to the Department of Justice.
SF-23
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These efforts will be supported by contract resources to meet the stringent
technical requirements essential for negotiations, administrative enforcement, and
litigation including evidence audit activities. Specifically, these resources
will be used to search for responsible parties and determine their financial vi-
ability, to develop proposed plans for response actions or review defendants'
plans; to conduct .analysis of potential populations at risk; to conduct evidence
audits; and, to secure expert witness support for litigation and negotiations.
Effective management of these resources will require close coordination with re-
sponse personnel and legal enforcement staff to avoid duplication of efforts
undertaken in planning possible Federal response and to provide the broadest
possible basis of technical information to support enforcement actions.
Technical support for criminal enforcement actions will be provided as well
as support of 3.0 State actions at uncontrolled waste sites.
1933 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 58,745,600 and 117.9 permanent
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this
program. These resources support the effort necessary to begin enforcement at
sites on the expanded National Priority List and to initiate cost recovery where
Federal funds have been expended.
The Agency will develop technical enforcement policies and manage a nationally
consistent program to secure privately-financed response actions at National Pri-
ority List sites. The Agency will identify responsible parties at sites on the
priority list, will initiate appropriate administrative actions, and support legal
actions. The Agency anticipates reaching settlements at 36 sites. The Agency
will issue CERCLA §106 Administrative Orders to abate imminent hazards, monitor
compliance with such orders, and provide technical support for any litigation that
may be necessary to enforce them. The Agency will provide high quality, legally
defensible technical enforcement support for 25 on-going cases, the development
of seven new civil actions, and four criminal enforcement actions.
The Agency will initiate cost recovery actions against financially viable
responsible parties at sites where Federally-financed removal actions have been
undertaken. Demand letters will be issued to responsible parties and negotiations
will be conducted to recover costs. Technical support for the development of 14
cost recovery referrals to the Department of Justice will be provided.
The Agency will support 30 State lead enforcement actions at uncontrolled
sites.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -5474,100 results from the following action:
-Reprojranmings. (-5474,100) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprbgrammTngs were made to this activity which a-re not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Accpmpl ishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $6,581,700 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation for this program. This level represented the combined
technical and legal enforcement resources in Headquarters and the Regions.
SF-24
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This program supported the national management of actions initiated at sites
on the Interim Priority List and other sites where CERCLA funds were expended.
Resources were used to identify, notify, and negotiate with responsible parties
for site response actions. Technical support was provided to the Department of
Justice for the on-going docket of 42 filed imminent hazard cases and for the de-
velopment of nine new civil referrals. The Agency negotiated settlements worth an
estimated $29.3 million in privately-financed response activities at 20 sites. In
addition, the program received $2.3 million in cost recoveries and voluntary
contributions for Federal response actions. The Agency initiated its Administra-
tive Order program and provided technical support for the development of 18 cost
recovery actions referred to the Department of Justice, State lead enforcement
actions were supported by technical expertise provided by the Agency.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,628,700 and 73.9 permanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. This
represents an increase of $94,300 and a decrease of 5.5 permanent workyears from
1983. This decrease in permanent workyears reflects the completion of initial
development of Agency legal enforcement policies in 1983.
In 1984, this program will emphasize those enforcement actions necessary to
obtain privately-financed response actions and to recover Federal costs related to
removal and remedial actions. Appropriate legal approaches will be selected
and undertaken against those identified parties that do not properly undertake
removal or remedial actions at hazardous sites and who fail to reach a negotiated
settlement.
Actions will Include the issuance of Administrative Orders and initiation of
civil and/or criminal litigation. Actions will be initiated to recover Federal
expenses related to Federally-financed response activities.
The Agency will ensure that a consistent and fair legal approach is followed
through the implementation of its enforcement policies. These policies will be
used to guide the conduct of enforcement actions. Specifically, the Agency will
ensure consistency in negotiated settlements and in decisions related to the ini-
tiation and conduct of civil actions.
The Agency will provide support to the Department of Justice for 40 on-going
civil actions; will prepare ten new civil cases to compel private party response;
will refer 24 cost recovery cases; and, will refer four criminal cases to the De-
partment of Justice. Legal support and documentation will be provided in the
development and execution of negotiated settlements, Administrative Orders, and
enforcement of Administrative Orders and consent decrees as required.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating $3,534,400 and 79.4 permanent workyears for
this program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Agency efforts will focus on providing the necessary legal support in negotiations
with responsible parties for privately-financed response actions.
The Agency will provide support to the Department of Justice for 25 on-going
civil actions and will prepare seven new civil cases to compel private party re-
sponse, refer 14 cost recovery cases, and will refer four criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. Legal support and documentation will be provided in the
devel opnient and execution of negotiated settlements, Administrative Orders, and
enforcement of Administrative Orders and consent decrees as required.
SF-25
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In addition, In 1983 the Agency will complete initial development of enforce-
ment policies to ensure a fair and consistent approach in pursuing enforcement
actions, including developing with the NEIC guidelines for judicially admissible
evidence and documentation required to establish the liability of responsible
parties,
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -3228,200 results from the following action:
-Reprpgranmrings. (^$228,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Accompl i shments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of 5263,000 from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. Due to the enforcement reorganization in mid-
1982, this amount represents only a portion of the costs of legal support activi-
ties. Legal support including the development and initiation of civil and criminal
cases for the Superfund program were also funded under the Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement program element. The Agency obligated a total of $6,844.,700
for the activities carried out under these two program elements in 1982.
SF-26
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support..,
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management ~ Headquarters....
Financial Management - Regions
Administrative Management - Headquarters....
Administrative Management - Regions.........
Occupational Health & Safety - Headquarters.
Support Services - Headquarters.,...
Support Services - Regions
Laboratories 8 Facjlities
Computer Services
Legal Services - Headquarters
Legal Services - Regions
- Inspector General .....
Natural Resource Claims,.
- Office of Policy S Resource Management....
Page
SF-28
SF-33
SF-33
SF-34
SF-35
SF-36
SF-35
SF-37
SF-38
SF-38
SF-39
SF-39
SF-40
SF-41
SF-41
SF-27
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
.Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health and
Safety - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1982
(DOLLARS
$208.9
$208.9
589. Z
589,2
SI, 419. 3
51,419.3
5360.6
$360.6
$482.4
$482.4
$3,101-3
$3,101.3
$352.3
$352.3
BUDGET CURRENT E
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1983 1983
IN THOUSANDS)
$778.9 $778.9
$778.9 $778.9
$283.8 $236.9
$283.8 $236.9
53,028,0 $3,164.0
33,028.0 $3,164.0
$271.1 $385.4
$271.1 .$385.4
$665.0
$665.0
$3,097.3 S3, 626. 3
$3,097.3 $3,626.3
$964.6 $1,283.4
$964.6 $1,283.4
:STIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
5564.9 -$214.0
$564.9 -$214.0
$364.4 $127.5
$364.4 5127.5
52,636.3 -$527.7
52,636.3 -5527.7
5401.0 $15.6
5401.0 $15.6
$4,601.8 $975.5
$4,601.8 $975.5
$1,371.3 587.9
51,371.3 $87.9
SF-2B
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Hazardous Substance
Laboratories &
Facilities
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance -
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$136.2
$136.2
S255.4 51,435.0 $1,535.0 51,480.0
$255.4 $1,435.0 $1,535.0 $1,480,0
$69.8
$69.8
$139.1
$139.1
$280.3
$280.3
$236.0
$236.0
$280.3
$280.3
5202.8
$202.8
$243.5
5243.5
$397.1
$397.1
$40.0
S40.0
$40.0
$40.0
-555.0
-$55.0
-536.8
-$36.8
5194.3
S194.3
SI,671,4 $2,813.9 $2,813.9 $2,570.2 -5243.7
$1,671.4 $2,813.9 52,813.9 $2,570.2 -$243.7
-$40.0
-540.0
$1,225.3 51,432.1 51,432.1 $1,224.0 -$208.1
$1,225.3 51,432.1 51,432.1 51,224.0 -5208.1
$9,511.2 515,326.0 515,779.0 515,854.5 575.5
Management and Support TOTAL 59,511.2 515,326.0 . $15,779.0 515,854.5 575.5
SF-29
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
PERMANENT KORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health and
Safety - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Service -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance -
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.4
4.0
18,4
2.0
1.5
5.0
6.0
2,1
5.8
5.0
9.2
5.8
4.4 -.6
9.2
22,0 24.1 25.3 1.2
5,8 10,0 10.0 10.0
5.0 -.8
.8
17.5
2.9
1.0
22.0
1,0
7.0
10.0
22.0
1.0
7.0
10.0
19.3
7.0
-2.2
-1,0
56.3 81.9 94.1 90.7 -3.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
4.6
4.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
4.4 -.6
10.0 10.0
SF-30
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Occupational Health and
Safety - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Service -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance
Natural Resource Claims
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy and
Resource Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
19.3 25.1 28.6 28.7
5.8 10,0 10.0 10.0
3.2
1..5
3.5
6,0
6,0
.1
5,0 -1.0
4.1
17.5
4.6
5.0
22.0
1.0
7.0
14.0
22.0
1.0
7.0
10.0
19.8
9,0
-4,0
-2.2
-1.0
2.0
64.7 90.6 103.6 96.9 -6.7
SF-31
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SUPERFUHD
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 315,854,500 and 90.7 oermanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for Management and Support
activities in 1?84. This represents an increase of $75,500 and a decrease of 3.4
permanent workyears from 1983.
Program Description
This function provides basic management and support services for the Super-
fund program, including rent, utilities, financial and administrative management,
contracts management, data systems management, occupational health and safety,
orograniinatic and regulatory analysis, and" budget formulation and execution. This
function also includes resources for the Suoerfund related activities of the Of-
fices of the General and Regional Counsels and the Office of Inspector General.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters and Regions ~ This
component containstwo programelements whichmaintainfinancialrecords, and
track and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund,
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters and Regions
This component also contains two program elements.The resources fund the Super-
fund administrative services necessary to award and administer contracts, orocess
personnel actions, provide central management and technical support for Superfund
information systems, acquire and maintain Superfund office and laboratory ser-
vices, and provide technical assistance and training for the Superfund program
staff to assure the safety of those employees.
Hazardous Substance Occupational Health and Safety - Headquarters These
resources provide technical assistance aril training for the Superfund program
staff to assure the safety of those employees exposed to toxic and other hazardous
substances. This program element was consolidated with the Hazardous Substance
Administrative Management - Headquarters program element in 1983.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters and Regions The two
program elements in this component cover the costs of space, utilities, printing,
equipment, and other nonpersonnel support needs incurred by the Superfund program
staff.
Hazardous Substance Laboratories and_Fact 11 ties -- This program element pro-
vide s~7unlII""TbT~l:olTsTnIcTfQTr^ to ensure the safe
handling of toxic and other hazardous substances,
Hazardous Substance Computer Services *- This program element funds the data
processing (timesharing) costs of operating and maintaining all Suoerfund Informa-
tion systems. s
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters and Regions These pro-
gram elements fund the activities of the Office of the General Counsel {OGO and
the Offices of the Regional Counsels under Superfund. These activities include
statutory Interpretations of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act (CERCLA5; and the issuance of ooinions and advice regard-
ing the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial,
administrative, or legal issues. In addition, OGC acts as the Agency's chief
SF-32
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counsel in defending regulatory and other Agency decisions regarding the implemen-
tation of CERCLA and supports the enforcement litigation program. The Offices of
the Regional Counsels advise and assist the Regions and States in interpreting the
Act and represent Regions in defensive litigation activities.
Hazardous Sub stance^ Jjspec tor'General -- This program element funds the Con-
gressionally required" annual5iidiTT oT the Trust Fund, as well as pre-award, in-
terim, and final audits of contracts awarded under the Superfund program, and
audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.
Hazardous Substance Natural Resource Claims This program element provides
funds for the Board of Arbitrators which will settle disputes regarding payment of
claims for natural resource damages.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy and Resource Management >- This program
provides resourcesfor budget development 'andfundoversigHt,policy analysis,
management assessments and evaluations, under the Superfund program..
HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCE nj^J^L_;HANAg_EHENT ~ _ HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 5564,900 and 4.4 permanent workyears for this program from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation, a decrease of $214,000
and .6 permanent workyears. this reflects the completion in 1983 of the develop-
ment of standardized systems and procedures. These resources fully service the
Headquarters components of the Superfund program with the complete array of finan-
cial management activities. This includes basic accounting and payroll support,
processing all financial actions and vouchers, access to the Financial Management
System, cash management controls, and site .specific accounting to support cost
recoveries.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating 5778,900 and 5.0 permanent workyears for
this program from the Hazardous Substance Response trust Fund appropriation.
These resources adequately fund all necessary day to
-------
Management and Support media. However, financial management for the Superfund
program is distinguished by the unique nature of the program !-- site and spill
response actions, financial recovery actions, and requirements for financial infor-
mation on Specific sites and for Superfund as a distinct appropriation. These
resources will support transactions processing (travel, payroll, vouchers); gene-
ral ledger activities; imprest fund services; financial reporting; and answers
to Superfund program office inquiries and on-scene coordinator problems. This
request enables the Regional finance offices to keep pace with Superfun:d field
activities, and the financial transactions supporting those activities.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 5236,900 and 9.2 permanent workyears to this pro-
gram from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation in order to
support expanded Superfund field activity and meet the increasing demands for
sound financial management and fund control in the Superfund program. Among the
responsibilities of the Regional finance offices are: providing timely and
accurate financial reports; maintaining internal controls to ensure the fiscal
integrity of the Fund; billing and collecting monies due the Fund for Federal
response recovery actions; coordinating financial data from other Federal agen-
cies; and, providing accurate and auditable document supoort for all Superfund
financial transactions,
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -546,900 results from the following action:
-Reprograromings. !-S46,900) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogranmings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Accompli shments
The Agency obligated $89,200 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation for this program. The Regional finance offices provided financial
reports; implemented and maintained internal contracts to ensure the fiscal integ-
rity of the Fund; collected State cost share; coordinated financial data from other
Federal agencies and other financial activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEHEHT - HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests 52,636,300 and 25.3 permanent workyears for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation, a decrease of
1527,700 and an increase of 1.2 permanent workyears. This decrease reflects the
completion of health and safety standards in 1983.
The request provides centralized administrative services in the contracts,
grants, information management, health and safety, and personnel areas. In the
contracts area, we will award and administer new contracts and purchase orders, as
necessary, and manage the large mission contracts awarded in 1982 and 1983. This
entails contract monitoring, task order issuance, and subcontract approval. The
Grants Administration Division will award and administer the Superfund Cooperative
Agreements. The Superfund Information Systems staff will continue to manage the
development of the Superfund systems with particular emphasis on integrating the
new systems with existing Agency systems and data bases. The Occupational Health
and Safety Staff will develop and certify training courses, work with the National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the U.S. Coast
Guard on interagency safety task forces, and develop specialized medical monitoring
programs. The Headquarters Superfund personnel team will provide staffing and
classification activities to service Superfund personnel.
SF-34
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1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 33,164,000 and 24.1 permanent workyears for this
program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to provide
centralized administrative and management services. In 1983, we are maintaining
and refining the administrative services initiated in 1982. We are devoting sig-
nificant resources to manage the contracts awarded in 1982, including two major
mission contracts, and to award new 1983 contracts. We are implementing and
refining health and safety standards and procedures. We also are continuing to
support the Superfund program in the areas of information and personnel management,
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5136,000 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+3665,000) The Congressionally approved; restructuring con-
sol idat₯d~aTr~Super:T'und Administrative Management responsibilities into one program
element. Therefore, Occupational Health and Safety resources were transferred
into the Hazardous Substance Administrative Management program element,
-Reprogrammings. (-3529,000) The Congressionally approved change repro-
grammed fundsfromthe Superfund Management account to the Superfund Support
account. Additional funds provided support for Superfund workyears and the portion
of Agencywide updated and revised support costs which were associated with the
Superfund program. The reprogramming above was included in a letter to Congress
on November 17, 1982.
1982 Accompli shments
The Agency obligated $1,419,300 for this program from the Hazardous Substance
Sesponse Trust Fund appropriation. With these resources, we awarded and adminis-
tered large mission contracts required to carry out response "and remedial activi-
ties; provided central technical support for developing, operating, and maintaining
all Superfund information systems; maintained and supported the personnel require-
ments of the program staff; and, supported the program in such areas as telecom-
munications, printing, space management, and office services.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1964 Program Request
The Agency requests $401,000 and 10.0 permanent workyears, an increase of
515,600 from 1983 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation,
to maintain the current administrative management services of the Regional activi-
ties of the Superfund program. In addition to providing traditional administrative
services, these resources nn'11 enable the Regions to coordinate the efforts of
Regional Superfund program offices and the Headquarters' Procurement and Contracts
Management Division by providing overall management of Superfund Regional procure-
ment activities, and interpreting and disseminating information reporting require-
ments among various Regional offices and other Federal and State agencies.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 3385,400 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation and 10.0 permanent workyears to this program. These funds will
expand and continue administrative and management services necessary to support
the Regional Superfund program. In order to meet growing program demands, the
Agency is increasing its efforts in the areas of contracting and purchasing, infor-
mation management, and occupational health and safety.
SF-35
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5114,300 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (+$114,300) During the development of the operating nlan,
several reprogramniings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogr aiming limitations,
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 5360,600 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation for this program. These funds provided administrative support ser-
vices which enabled the Regional Superfund programs to operate in an effective and
efficient manner. The activities in the Superfund Regional Administrative Manage-*
ment program paralleled those described in the Agency's Regional Administrative
Management program in the Management and Support media, but supported the Super-
fund program directly. Activities and services included contracting and purchasing
assistance, employee health and safety, information management, property and supply
management, space management, and mail services.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY - HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency is requesting resources for the Occupational Health and
Safety program in the Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters
program element.
1983 Program
For 1983, the Agency is allocating resources for these activities in the
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters program element to
reflect the program element restructuring approved by Congress.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrsase of -$665,000 results from the following action:
-Restructuring. (-5665,000) The Congressionally approved restructuring con-
so lidateTTirrT^jUpeTFund Administrative Management responsibilities into one program
element. Therefore, Occupational Health and Safety resources were transferred
into the Hazardous Substance Administrative Management program element.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated 5482,400 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation to address health and safety concerns under this program.
Activities in this area included the continued development of procedures and guide-
lines designed to protect the safety of EPA field and laboratory employees and to
monitor the training and certification of these employees. In addition, a techni-
cal support and evaluation team was established to conduct on-s1te safety inspec-
tions, evaluate the adequacy of safety programs and to support EPA agreements
with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
For 1984, the Agency requests $4,601,800 from .the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation to cover certain Agencywide and Headquarters nonperson*
nel support costs allocable to the Superfund program. This is an increase of
SF-36
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5975,500 which reflects both Increasing costs in the suoport areas and an increase
in the portion of the Agency's support costs that are allocable to Super-fund.
For the most part, Agencywide support costs are allocated to Superfund based on
the ratio of Superfund workyears to total Agency workyears. As this ratio changes,
so does the share of the total support costs that are allocable to the appropria-
tion.
This program element provides resources for Superfund's share of the Agency's
rent, telephone, postage, utilities, other buildinq and office services, and health
and safety training. A full description of the costs in these categories is con-
tained in the Nationwide and Headquarters Support Services program elements in the
Management and Supoort media.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 53,626,300 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation in 1983 for Superfund support costs. The increase over
1982 reflects expanded Superfund activity and an increase in the portion of total
support costs that are allocable to the Superfund Appropriation.
1983Explanation ofChangesfromBudgetEstimate
The net increase of +$529,000 results from the following action;
-Reprogramnn'ngs. (+$529,000) The Congressional1y approved change repro-
grammed funds from the Superfund Administrative Management account to the Suoerfund
Support account. Additional funds provided support for Suoerfund workyears and
the portion of Agencywide updated and revised suoport costs which were associated
with the Superfund program. The reprogramming above was included in a letter to
Congress on November 17, 1982.
1982^Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $3,101,300 for the Superfund program portion of
the Agency's space rental, communications, utilities, and other offices and build-
ing services costs.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1984 ProgramJlequ es t
The Agency requests SI,371,300 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation to provide Regional Superfund nonpersonnel support costs such
as utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying, minicomputer opera-
tions, equipment maintenance, etc. This is ail increase of 587,900, reflecting an
increased share of the total Regional sunport costs that are allocable to Super-
fund. As with Headquarters Superfund Support, the amount requested in this program
element is the Superftjnd program's share of the total Regional support costs,
determined primarily on the basis of the ratio of Regional Superfund workyears to
total Regional workyears. A full description of the functions funded from this
program element is contained in the Regional Support Services program element in
the Management and Support media.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating $1,283,400 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation to fund the Regional support costs associated with the
Superfund program. The increase from 1982 reflects expanded Regional activity in
the program and an increase in the portion of total Regional support costs that
are allocable to Superfund.
SF-37
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$318,800 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (+5318,800) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogranrniing limitations.
1982 Accompli shments
In 1982, the "Agency obligated 5352,300 for Regional support costs associated
with Superfund, for Regional rent; communications and other nonpersonnel support
costs associated with Superfund in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LABORATORIES AND FACILITIES
1984 Request
No funds are requested for Superfund related facilities projects in 1984.
1983 Program
No funds are allocated for Superfund facilities projects in 1983.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated 5136,200 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation to modify EPA facilities for the benefit of the Superfund pro-
gram during 1982.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests SI,480,000 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation to provide timeshare services to the Superfund program through
our National Computer Center at Research Triangle Park. The decrease of 555,000
froni 1983 reflects a slight reduction in the need to continue systems development
and testing at an accelerated pace. These resources purchase ADP timeshare for
the Superfund program. Based on spending patterns and program plans, these re-
sources will adequately cover the timeshare needs of existing Superfund manage-
ment information systems and support the integration of Superfund information
systems with other related Agency systems and data bases.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 51,535,000 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation to this program to fund the direct timeshare charges
attributable to Superfund systems, including a portion of the Agencywide computer
facility management contracts, rental of hardware and software, and maintenance
and operational costs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +5100,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammings. (+5100,0001 During the development of the operating clan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
SF-38
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1982 Accompli shments
The Agency obligated 5255,400 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation to provide timeshare services to the Superfund program,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests 5243,500 and 5.0 permanent workyears from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund apnropriation for this program. This is
a reduction of less than one permanent workyear and 536,800 which reflects an
anticipated decline in the need for defensive case support. The 1984 Headquarters
program will provide continued support to the Simerfund program through advice and
assistance to Agency Superfund managers. This Includes consultation on financial
and administrative matters; legal support for the development and defense of regu-
lations and disbursement decisions; legal guidance on statutory interpretation and
development of response priorities; and, coordination with and support to. the
enforcement litigation program.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $280,300 and 5.8 permanent work-
years from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this pro-
gram. The 1983 Headquarters program will provide advice and consultation on
financial and administrative matters, such as eligible uses of the Fund and other
Agency aoprbpriations, staffing, and budget activities; legal guidance in program
matters such as interpretation of the statute and the National Contingency Plan;
and, coordination with and support of the enforcement litigation program.
19S3 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There are no changes to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $69,800 from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation to this program. The Headquarters program pro-
vided legal guidance in program matters such as statutory interpretation and devel-
opment of response orloritles.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LESAL SERVICES - REGIONS
1984 Program Request
In 1984, the Agency requests 5397,100 and 10.0 pernianent workyears from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. This Is
an increase of $194,300 to support anticipated Regional participation in defensive
litigation. The Regional program will continue to provide legal assistance by
reviewing EPA Cooperative Agreements with States for legal sufficiency; advising
States in assuring appropriate legal authorities to qualify for participation in
Fund-financed actions; responding to challenges to enforcement activities; deter-
mining eligible uses of the Fund; advising on Federal procurement; and, treatment
of confidential information,
1963 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $202,800 and 10.0 permanent
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this
program. The Regional program includes such activities as: reviewing EPA Coop-
erative Agreements with States for legal sufficiency; assisting State agencies 1n
assuring legal authorities to qualify for participation In Fund-financed actions;
and, responding to challenges to enforcement activities.
SF-39
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1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of -333,200 results from the following action:
-Reprogramnrings. (-$33,200) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated $139,100 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation to this program. In 198Z, the Regional Counsels assisted
the States on legal matters concerning Fund-financed removal and remedial actions.
This involves advising State agencies on the legal requirements under CERCLA and
assisting in drafting, negotiating and documenting the terms of EPA Cooperative
Agreements with States. They also advised on legal problems associated with EPA
removal and remedial activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INSPECTOR GENERAL
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 52,570,200 and 19.8 permanent workyears from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program in
1984, a decrease of $243,700 and 2.2 permanent workyears from 1983. The decrease
reflects the decreased number of management evaluations which will be conducted in
1 984.
The Office of the Inspector General will perform selected audits of the Trust
Fund to ensure the integrity of, and to safeguard the assets, of the Fund. Extra-
mural audits of contracts will ensure costs claimed are reasonable, allowable,
and alldcable to the project. Extramural audits will also include interim audits
of the costs claimed by Hazardous Site Remedial Response Activity contractors and
verification of State credit period costs. The Office of the Inspector General
wil.l continue to audit State matching share costs under planned removal actions
and remedial actions.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,813,900 and 22.0 permanent workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this office in
1983. Extramural contract resources are being used for audit services provided by
other Federal agencies and Certified Public Accountant firms. The Office of the
Inspector General will audit Trust Fund activities which occurred in 1982 and
issue the required report to Congress by March 31, 1983. Extramural audits will
ensure costs claimed under contracts are reasonable, allowable, and allocable to
the sponsored project and that internal controls are adequate to safeguard Federal
assets. The Office of the Inspector General expects to perform an increased number
of audits to verify State credit period costs in 1983, as well as audits of State
matching share costs. Full scope audits are planned for remedial action activities
where the Agency has taken the managerial responsibility for response action.
Such audits would include both financial ;and management reviews of the Hazardous
Site Remedial Response Activity contractors and subcontractors.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
SF-40
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1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of $1,671,400 from the Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program, of which $500,000 was
obligated to cover audit services performed by other Federal agencies and $524,600
for audit services conducted by independent public accounting firms. The Office
of the Inspector General performed and submitted to Congress the interim report on
the Trust Fund on March 31, 1982, Pre-award audits of contractor proposals were
performed to evaluate pricing and cost data, the contractors' financial capabili-
ties, and the contractors' accounting, procurement, and property system to assure
that costs claiTOd would be properly accounted for and Federal assets prooerly
safeguarded. The audit efforts with respect to remedial actions were concentrated
in two areas: (1) verification of State credit period costs; and (2) pre-award
audits of contractors who competed for the $92 million Hazardous Site Remedial
Response Activities contracts,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE NATURAL RESOURCE CLAIMS
1984 Program jtequest
No resources are requested from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation for this activity 1n 1984. This represents a decrease of $40,000
and 1.0 permanent workyear from 1983. The Agency anticipates only a small number
of claims in 1984. If necessary, funds will be reprogrammed into this program
element.
1983 Program
The Agency is allocating 340,000 and 1.0 permanent workyear from the Hazard-
ous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this program in 1983. These
resources enable EPA to supoort a Board of Arbitrators under the provisions of
S112(a.) of CERCLA. The Board is authorized to make final determinations of dis-
puted claims for natural damages.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
No funds were obligated for this activity in 1982,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE -.OFFICE OF POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of SI,224,000 and 7.0 permanent wor.kyears from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this progran. The de-
crease of $208,100 reflects a slight reduction in the requirement fo^ policy and
economic analysis as a result of the program's continued move into implementation
activities. The Office of the Comptroller, will coordinate and prepare the OMB and
Congressional budget submission, respond to Congressional inquiries, and provide
fund oversight activities including on-going resource reviews which will be espe-
cially critical in 1984 when program expenditures and activities will increase.
The Offices of Policy Analysis, Standards and Regulations, and Management Systems
and Evaluation will provide policy development and review activities, review
guidance for Implementing regulations and conduct program evaluations of the
Superfund program.
SF-41
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,432,100 and 7.0 permanent
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this
program. These resources will he used to fund the following activities: the
Office of the Comptroller coordinates and prepares OMB and Congressional budget
submissions, and also identifies and analyzes major resource issues to support
resource management decision making; the Office of Policy Analysis prepares and
analyzes policy and program implementation issues; the Office of Standards and
Regulations provides statistical and technical support of the regulatory develop-
ment process; and the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation provides the
program with responsive, efficient and effective management systems and accurate
assessment of orogram activities and accomplishments.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, the Agency obligated a total of SI,225,300 from the Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. In 1982, the Office of
the Comptroller prepared the 1983 Hazardous Substance Resoonse Trust Fund Congres-
sional Budget submission and the 1984 budget submission to the Office of Management
and Budget; provided allowances and other budget control mechanisms for 1982 funds;
reviewed and analyzed 1983 operating plans; and, conducted resource analyses on
critical issues pertaining to resource utilization of Suoerfund monies. These
included: analysis and recommendations on improving obligation patterns and work-
year charging; efficient utilization of resources designated for equipment and
Research and Development products; and, developing fund balance projections.
The Office of Policy Analysis supported the revisions of the National Contingency
Plan); assisted in developing implementation guidance and other regulatory actions;
and analyzed numerous major policy and program imolementation issues. The Office
of Management Systems and Evaluation completed the development and implementation
of a comprehensive tracking and accountability system for orogram and enforcement
activities. The Office of Standards and Regulations provided management control
of the regulatory process; technical support for regulatory actions; and served
as liaison with the Office of Management and Budget on regulatory activities. The
resources in the Hazardous Substance Planning and Evaluation program element have
been consolidated with this program element.
SF-42
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Hardous Substance
Response Actions
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Budget Estimate
Table"of Contents
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA , , SF-44
Hazardous Spill S Site Response SF-45
Assessing & Replacing Natural Resources...... SF-4S
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency.. ( SF-50
Department of Health & Human Services SF-52
United States Coast Guard... SF-52
Department of Justice..... SF-53
National OceanograpMc 8 Atmospheric Administration SF-53
Department of Interior.... , ... SF-54
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory......... SF-55
SF-43
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
19.82 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983. 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill £ Site
Response
Hazardous Substance $149,009.6 1184,729.9 $150,271.2 S256.345.7 $106,074.5
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $149,009.6 5184,729.9 5150,271.2 3256,345.7 $106,074.5
Assessing & Replacing
Natural Resources
Hazardous Substance 51,007.8 SI,007.8 SI,009.7 51.9
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL SI,007.8 SI,007.8 SI,009.7 $1.9
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $149,009.6 $185,737.7 5151,279.0 $257,355.4 $106,076.4
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Sub.Stance TOTAL 5149,009.6 5185,737.7 $151,279.0 5257,355.4 $106,076.4
Response - EPA
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 238.2 243.1 291.9 296.6 4.7
Response
Assessing & Replacing 1.0 1.0 .1.0
Natural Resources
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 238.2 244.1 292-9 297.6 4.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill 4 Site 273.2 285.9 333.9 348.2 14.3
Response
Assessing & Replacing , 1.0 1.0 1.0
Natural Resources
TOTAL WORKYEARS 273.2 286.9 334.9 349.2 14.3
SF-44
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SUPERFUND
_ Hazardous Substance Response-Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 5257,355,400 and 297.6 permanent workyears
for 1984 from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation, an in-
crease of 5106,076,400 and 4.7 permanent workyears over 1983. The increase in
dollars reflects an increased level of field implementation, particularly in the
resource intensive design and implementation areas. This 1s in contrast to earlier
years in which initial emphasis of the program was on developing basic policies
and guidance for program implementation and performing the necessary preliminary
site planning work.
Program Description
This nrogram is responsible for protecting public health and the environ-
ment from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous substances into the
environment. The activities include responding to spills and emergency releases
of hazardous substances, conducting remedial work at abandoned and uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites, and assessing and replacing natural resources damaged by
hazardous substances. The authority to carry out these activities is provided by
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of
1980 (CERCLA).
Hazardous Spill and Site Response The Agency coordinates an emergency
response program to deal with the most serious hazardous substance spills and site
emergencies where the responsible party or State and local governments are unable
to respond adequately. The Agency is also conducting a comprehensive program to
evaluate all known hazardous waste sites, to establish priorities for remedial
response, and to undertake the appropriate remedy at as many sites as possible.
The Headquarters portion of the program establishes the policy framework, coordi-
nates the setting of priorities, administers the response resources, and provides
implementation guidance. The Regions have the lead responsibility for conducting
all the preliminary field work to identify the problems and to manage the response
work supported by the Trust Fund at spills and sites.
Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources CERCLA authorizes payments for
costs associated with Federal or State efforts to restore, rehabilitate, replace,
or acquire the equivalent of natural resources damaged as a result of hazardous
substance releases. The Agency, in conjunction with other Federal agencies, will
determine if significant or Irreplaceable damage to natural resources has resulted
from a release of hazardous substances, determine the economic impact of any such
damage, evaluate alternatives for restoring or replacing these damaged natural
resources, and finance the costs of restoration or rehabilitation,
HAZARDOUS SPILL ANDSITE RESPONSE
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $256,345,700 and 296.6 permanent workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to conduct removal
and remedial response action in 1984. This is an increase of 5106,074,500 or 71%
and 4.7 permanent workyears from 1983. The increase reflects the continued momen-
tum of the program 1n initiating planning work at additional sites on the Priority
List and proceeding with the more expensive implementation work at sites where
planning is completed.
SF-45
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Removal: The Agency expects to receive and screen 5,000 hazardous substances re-
lease notifications in 1984 to determine what, if any, response is required. In
the majority of cases, the responsible party or the local or State government will
take the lead in addressing the problem. In 1984, the Agency will monitor respon-
sible party and State responses to hazardous substances releases at 300 incidents,
a reduction of 25% from 1983. This decrease is the result of the increased ex-
perience States will have gained in managing response actions and the Agency's
efforts to have States assume a greater responsibility for managing and monitoring
removal actions. The Agency intends to enter into Cooperative Agreements and
provide appropriate funding to those States who are willing and able to assume re-
sponsibility for responding to major releases of hazardous substances.
In situations where more than one State is involved or where there is an
unusually complex problem, the Federal government will coordinate and fund the
response* In order to meet this need, the Federal government will continue to
maintain a core emergency response capability in 1984, including an Environmental
Response Team, comprised of Agency employees with special engineering and scienti-
fic expertise. The need for Federally managed emergency actions is expected to
remain constant through 1984. The Agency will undertake 50 emergency removal
actions at sites and spills.
In addition to responding to emergencies, planned removals will be taken where
an immediate response is not critical, but some early response is necessary to
protect public health or the environment. The Agency will undertake ten planned
removal actions in 1984. While this is a reduction of five actions from 1983, the
number of serious problem sites identified in 1984 is expected to decline reducing
the number of sites requiring planned removal.
Remedial : The Agency's major emphasis in 1984 will be on substantially increasing
its investment in remedial activities at sites. By the end of 1984, the Agency
will have finished the screening and assessing of all reported uncontrolled hazard-
ous waste sites. This effort is necessary to confirm that the sites on the priority
list are the most serious. In 1984, the more expensive implementation efforts
will begin at sites begun in 1982 and 1983 and where the planning and design work
'is completed and the Agency will continue to initiate remedial investigations at
new sites. It is expected that the Agency will begin planning work at 55 new
sites an increase of 37% over the number of sites initiated in 1983.
The funds provided as a result of the statute were never intended to be suf-
ficient to completely address all of the known problem sites. Therefore, it is
essential that a substantial investment be made in planning response actions, en-
suring that solutions are both technically sound and cost-effective.
This requires that detailed studies be undertaken to characterize the pro-
blem, collect and analyze the data necessary to determine the potential range of
solutions, and to evaluate and select the most effective course of action. A
large scale sample collection, analysis, and evaluation program will support field
activities Involving over 14,000 samples 1n 1984. Once this step 1s completed,
the final remedial solution is selected, the detailed engineering design for the
proposed action is developed and the actual implementation of the solution is
carried out by either the States or contractors under the direction of the Army
Corps of Engineers.
In addition to implementing and managing the technical aspects of remedial
actions, the Agency must negotiate the required Cooperative Agreements, coordin-
ate with the local jurisdictions and the States, and involve the affected com-
munities. These efforts are necessary to meet the requirements of CERCLA and the
National Contingency Plan and to ensure that the actfons taken at sites are clear-
ly understood and generally acceptable to the affected communities.
SF-46
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In 1984, the Agency's continuing priority will be to begin design and imple-
mentation work at those sites where work is ready to proceed. The Agency expects
to be able to initiate designs at 40 sites and implement remedial actions at 22
sites during 1984, approximately double the number of starts in 1983. The Agency
will also initiate the necessary remedial investigations and feasibility studies
at 55 additional sites during 1984. The design and implementation of solutions at
these sites will be undertaken by the States' or Army Corps of Engineers once
these studies are completed. This will bring the total number of sites where
planning for remedial work has been initiated to approximately 130-140 serious
sites by the end of 1984.
Finally, at some sites, work on the remedial investigation or engineering
design cannot commence or continue .until an initial remedial measure is conducted.
This is a limited action, such as drum excavation, which must he taken to enable
the planning work to continuet The Agency projects that it will be necessary to
conduct 20 initial remedial measures in 1984.
State Participation;; In 1984, the Agency will be making a concerted effort to get
as ^nany Stat'es as possib 1 e to participate in on-going response actions. The Agency
expects that States will enter into Cooperative Agreements for approximately S95
million for site response actions. This is an increase of $47 million or 98S over
1983. In 1982, the Agency successfully worked with States and 60% of the remedial
response dollars were obligated through Cooperative Agreements at State managed
actions. Efforts will continue in 1984 to encourage States to assume greater
responsibility for development and operation of their own response programs.
This will include providing advice and guidance on organizing response capability,
reviewing and suggesting improvement in technical resources and staff, developing
removal and remedial manuals and instructions, identifying technical and health and
safety training needs, and assisting in determining possible financial mechanisms
States can adopt to support their current and future activities.
Interagency Support: Finally, resources in support of the incident-specific activi-
ties of other agendes will be provided through reimbursable agreements. Examples
of incidentspeciflc activities that may be performed by other agencies include
studies at priority sites by the Department of Health and Human Services, permanent
relocation of individuals at priority sites by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, and the U.S. Coast Guard response to hazardous spill Incidents occurring
in coastal waters. These actions will be triggered by Agency on-scene personnel.
The other agencies will be reimbursed once their specific actions are completed.
1983Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $150,271,200 and 291.9 workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program.
The Agency's energies will be directed toward carrying out the program's primary
mission of effective field response at both spills and uncontrolled or abandoned
sites. The National Priority List was proposed in December 1982. The majority of
work in 1983 will be geared toward initiating the necessary studies at the worst
sites and responding to those emergencies where a Federal response is required.
Removal: The Agency will direct the response at 50 major hazardous substance re-
1 eases and 15 planned removals and provide on-scene assistance at 400 releases of
hazardous substances. In addition, the regulatory and guidance framework will be
completed for the removal program including: promulgation of final regulations on
CERCLA notification and reportable quantities; issuance of policy on continuous
releases; and promulgation of regulations on designations of additional hazardous
Substances.
SF-47
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Remedial: In 1983, the Agency will focus its remedial efforts on initiating feasi-
bility studies at the most serious sites on the priority list, and begin design
and implementation at sites which are ready to proceed. Work will continue to
assess the known universe of sites begun in 1982.
Specific site activities will include the performance of 4,000 preliminary
assessments of sites and 2,000 site inspections; initiation of remedial investiga-
tions and feasibility studies at 40 sites; initiation of engineering designs at 24
sites and remedial actions at 11 sites; and initiation of initial remedial measures
at 15 sites.
As in 1984, site specific work undertaken by other agencies in 1983 will be
funded under reimbursable agreements when requested by on-scene personnel.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net decrease of ^$34,458,700 results from the following actions:
-Congressional Action. (-334,708,000) A Congressionally mandated reprogram-
ming o?resourcesFnthe Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation
required a reduction to this program. This reprogramming increased the Department
of Health and Human Services for Superfund related activities by +54,708,000 to
reach the Congressionally mandated level of $8.0 million; provided $10 million to
support State activities in continuing hazardous waste site surveys under Section
3012 of the RCRA Act; and, reduced the Superfund program by $20 million.
-Reprogratmiings. (+$249,300) During the development of the operating plan,
several reprogrammings were made to this activity which are not reportable under
the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, of the monies available from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation for response actions, including carryover, the Agency obligated
a total of $149,009,600 or 91% of the dollars available for this program element.
Operations were directed at formulating the basic operating policies and establish-
ing the implementation nechanisms for the program. By the end of 1982, the Agency
had promulgated the National Contingency Plan, developed Interagency Agreements
with the Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies, awarded Cooperative Agree-
ments with 18 States and awarded the major contract support for remedial action.
The Agency had designated 160 sites as priority sites and remedial work had been
initiated or continued at 59 sites.
Specific accomplishments in 1982 included the processing of over 4,400 noti-
fications of spills of hazardous substances; directing 50 immediate removals at
major hazardous incidents and one planned removal where State and local authorities
lacked the necessary expertise and the responsible party could not be identified,
refused to respond, or was incapable of adequate removal; monitoring 400 removals
of hazardous substances carried out by the responsible party or State and local
authorities; conducting 1,500 preliminary assessments of sites and performing
1,300 site inspections; and Initiating 31 remedial investigations and feasibility
studies, eight engineering designs, and 14 remedial actions.
The Agency's efforts in implementing the Superfund program were supported
through reimbursable agreements with other Federal agencies. The Department of
Justice used Superfund resources to carry out hazardous waste litigation activities.
The U.S. Coast Guard used Superfund resources for equipment purchases and personnel
SF-48
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training. The Department of Commerce used Superfund resources for the purchase of
equipment that will support natural resource damage assessments. The Department
of Health and Human Services used Superfund resources for scientific support to
the Regions and States for emergency response guidance and for site-specific studies
and assessments. These Agencies also participated in incident-specific activities
supporting Agency initiated response actions.
ASSESSING AND REPLACING NATURAL RESOURCES
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 51,009,700 and 1.0 permanent workyear from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. These
resources can support up to two damage assessments and one restoration.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,007,800 and 1.0 permanent
workyear from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to this
program, an increase of SI,900. These resources can support up to two damage
assessments and one restoration.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, no funds were obligated for this program because no claims were
received.
SF-49
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL BUDGET CURRENT ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1982 ESTIMATE ESTIMATE 1984 DECREASE -
1983 1983 1984 VS 1983
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Department of Health &
Human Services
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
National Qceanographic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL
Response - Interagency
S3,292.0 $8,000.0 $1,905.0 -$6,095.0
53,292.0 SB,000.0 51,905.0 -56,095.0
SI,514.8 $1,514.8 S3,674.4 52,159.6
SI,514.8 SI,514.8 $3,674.4 $2,159.6
$2,100.0 $2,100.0 $2,644.0 S544.0
52,100.0 52,100.0 $2,644.0 5544.0
$365.0 $365.0 -S365.0
5365.0 $365.0 -S365.0
S80.0 580.0
S80.0 S80.0
$7,271.8 Sll.979.8 $8,303.4 -$3,676.4
57,271.8 511,979.8 $8,303.4 -$3,676.4
SF-50
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 58,303,400 for Hazardous Substance Response
Interagency activities In 1984, a decrease of 53,676,400 from 1983. The decrease
reflects the availability of previous year funding provided during 1983 to sup-
port the completion of onetime guidance-related activities. The requested resources
will support the on-going Superfund program activities of the Department of
Health and Human Services, the United States Coast Guard, the Deoartraent of Justice,
the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of
Interior,
Program Description
Executive Order 12316, signed by the President in August 198.1, requires the
Agency to nauage an interagency budget process culminating in a consolidated bud*-
get request for the entire Superfund program to the Congress. The activities of
other Federal agencies are divided into two basic categories. The first category
includes those activities which are episodic in nature and taken in direct support
of specific site or spill response actions. Funds to support these activities are
included in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program element. The second
category of other Federal agency involvement is support for on-going activities
which are generally not incident-snecific. These activities include developing
program policies and guidance, conducting health research and training, and the
purchase and maintenance of equipment.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) -- Executive Order 12316 gives
the Department of Health and Human Services authority to investigate complaints of
illness or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances, conduct health
studies and surveys, develop appropriate testing for exposed individuals, and
develop and maintain information on health effects of toxic substances. EPA is
working closely with HHS to develop policies and procedures to ensure a coordi-
nated Federal aporoach in conducting thesg activities.
United States Coast Guard (USCG) The USCG has the authority to respond to
any release or threatened release involving the coastal zone, Great Lakes waters,
ports, and harbors. USCG provides training to maintain this response capability,
conducts enforcement activities as necessary in their areas of responsibility,
and maintains the CERCLA component of the National Response Center.
Department of Justice (DOJ) Executive Order 12316 gives the Attorney Gen-
eral responsibility for the conduct and control of all litigation arising under
CERCLA. EPA will prepare the required technical and legal documentation and will
cooperate with DOJ in the negotiation of consent decrees for privately-financed
response actions.
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric:Administration (NOAA) -- The National
Contingency Plan designates NtiAA as Federal Trustee for certain natural resources
which nay be lost or damaged as a result of hazardous substance discharges. NOAA
provides scientific and technical support for responses to spills and hazardous
materials in coastal waters.
Department of Interior (DPI) ~ The National Contingency Plan designates DOI
as Federal Trustee for certain natural resources lost or damaged as a result of
hazardous substance discharges. Additionally, DOI has the responsibility to develop
damage assessment regulations. Funds to support these activities are included in
the Department's budget. DOI provides scientific and technical support in the
areas of resource damage assessment through participation on Joint Response Teams.
SF-51
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES(HHS)
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,905,000 from the Hazardous Substance Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation for HHS's on-going activities during 1984. The
decrease of $6,095,000 reflects the availability of previous year funding pro-
vided during 1983 to support the completion of onetime guidance-related and other
startup activities. These resources will enable HHS to support the Headquarters
and field core staff necessary to provide scientific and technical advice to EPA
on-scene coordinators when assessing the public health hazard at priority sites,
and to review environmental test results for indications of human health hazard.
HHS will also provide on-going health related field guidance and laboratory sup-
port at emergency responses.
1983 program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 58,000,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for HHS's on-going activities. In
addition to these 1983 funds, HHS still has approximately $4,000,000 in obligational
authority remaining and available from Its 1982 appropriation. These resources
include the amount Congress added for on-going Superfund related activities of
the HHS. The Department is collecting the information and developing the proce-
dures necessary to provide continuing health-related support to the Superfund
program. Included are development of health-related field guidance in support of
Agency emergency response actions, and standard guidelines for the conduct of
health and epidemiological studies at priority sites; production of worker health
and safety technical guidance and field manuals for individuals involved in re-
sponse actions; and, toxicological testing of chemicals found at priority sites,
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$4,708,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$4,708,000) A Congressionally mandated reprogram-
ming of 'resources Tnthe' Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation
required an addition to this program. This reprogramming supports S8 mil lion
for use of the Department of Health and Human Services for on-going Superfund
related activities. In addition to these 1983 funds, HHS still has approximately
$4,000,000 in obligational authority remaining and available from its 1982 appro-
priation. Additionally, Congress mandated $2,000,000 which may be made available
by the Administrator to the Department for performance of specific activities in
accordance with Section lll(c)(4) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), These funds would be provided, if
necessary, from the Hazardous Substance Response program element.
1982_ Accomplishments
In 1982, all funds obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation by HHS were in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program element.
HHS provided scientific support and emergency response guidance and conducted
health assessments at certain sites.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USC6)
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,674,400 from the Hazardous Substance Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation for on-going activities. The increase of $2,159,600
will provide contract support for teams to respond to releases which are immediately
SF-52
-------
dangerous to life and health. The U.SC6 will ensure CERCLA financial responsibility
requirements are met; train emergency response personnel using program modules and
simulation drills; staff the CERCLA component of the National Response Center; and,
maintain records of characteristics for certain chemicals.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 31,514,800 from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program which will be used to
purchase safety equipment and to provide response training for USCG personnel and
to upgrade capabilities at the National Response Center and field data systems in
support of USCG initiated response programs.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accptnpl i shments
In 1982, all funds obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by USCG were in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program
element. They were utilized for staff support and personnel training.
DEPARTMENT Of;, JUSTICE (DOJ)
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,644,000 from the Hazardous Substance Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation. The increase of $544,000 will support entry
of Suoerfund cases into the DOJ automated litigation system. The Department of
Justice will provide legal advice and bring legal action pursuant to the Superfund
legislation.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,100,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. The Department of
Justice is" providing civil and criminal enforcement litigation which includes
counseling on and enforcement of Administrative Orders, warrant for entry, insti-
tution of suits to compel removal and remedial actions, and to recover response
costs incurred by the Fund.
1983 Explanation of Changesfrom Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, all funds obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by DOJ were in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program
element. They were used for litigation and other enforcement-related activities.
NATIONAL PCEAMOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
1984 P rqgram Reques t
In 1984, the resources required from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation to support NOAA activities will be provided as necessary on
a reimbursable basis with the funds contained in the Hazardous Spill and Site
Response program element.
SF-53
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1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency Is allocating from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation a total of $365,000 for this program to provide training
for the scientific response team, to purchase and maintain protective equipment
for personnel and, to maintain field Instrumentation.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, all funds obligated by NOAA were in the Hazardous Spill and Site
Response program element. They were used to purchase equipment and to prepare
for conducting natural resource damage assessments.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR (DPI)
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $80,000 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation for this program which will enable DOI to participate on
the Regional and Joint Response Team by providing damage assessment expertise.
19.83 Program
In 1983, the activities of DOI funded by the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation are under the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program
element. In 1983, the DOI is establishing and maintaining a capability to par-
ticipate on the Regional and Joint Response Team by providing damage assessment
expertise.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
There was no change to this program.
1982 Accomplishments
In 1982, no funds were obligated for this program.
SF-54
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory
ACTUAL
1982
BUDGET
.ESTIMATE
1983
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1983
ESTIMATE INCREASE +
1984 DECREASE -
1984 VS 1983
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste Site
Inventory
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Waste Site
Inventory
TOTAL
TOTAL
510,000.0
$10,000.0
$10,000.0
510,000.0
-510,000.0
-S10,000.0
-$10,000.0
-S10,000.0
SF-55
-------
SUPERFUNO
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory
Budget Request
No funds are requested for this activity in 1984.
Program Description
This is a one-year Congressionally mandated program to support State hazard-
ous substances activities under Section 3012 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act {RCRA).
Hazardous Haste Site Inventory -- This program provides financial assistance
to Statesfor assessment and inspections of hazardous waste sites under Section
3012 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In 1983, the Congress
earmarked SIO.000,000 for these purposes.
HAZARDOUS WAgTEJSITE_ INYENTORY
1984 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this activity in 1984. The work that will
be undertaken by the States with the monies provided in 1983 along with the site
identification and screening efforts of the Agency will satisfy the need to com-
plete a comprehensive site inventory.
1983 Program
In 1983, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,000,000 for this program.
The Congress earmarked these funds to support State hazardous waste site activities
including preliminary assessments, inspections, responsible party searches, inven-
tory completion, and collection of additional information to characterize site
problems. A regulation is being promulgated describing the policies and procedures
for a State to receive some share of the available resources.
1983 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate
The net increase of +$10,000,000 results from the following action:
-Congressional Action. (+$10,000,000) The Congress mandated a reprogramming
of resources in the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation and
directed that S10 million be provided to support State activities in continuing
hazardous waste site surveys under Section 3012 of the RCRA Act. This program
element was established to meet this requirement.
1982 Accomplisnments
In 1982, no funds were obligated for this program.
SF-56
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSES
Table of Contents
Page
EPA Organi zation Chart .. SA-2
EPA Regional Offices -Locations... ... SA-3
Summary of Resources, By Appropriation ... SA-4
Summary of Resources, Dy Media . SA-7
Workyears and Budget Authority, Dy Media and Appropriation, 1-583 » SA-11
Workyears and Budget Authority, By Media and Appropriation, 1904..... SA-12
Total Funds Obligated, 1983 SA-13
Total Funds Obligated, 1984.... SA-15
Summary of State Grant Resources SA-17
History of State Grant Budget Authority -..- SA-18
Positions by Grade and Average Employment * SA-20
Classification by Object;
Research and Oevel opment. SA-23
Abatement, Control and Compliance SA-26
Salaries and Expenses . SA-30
Buildings and Facilities -.. SA-36
Scientffie Activities Overseas. SA-38
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund. SA-39
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADMiNISTRATOn
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
CHIEF OF sr*(=r
1 1 I
STRMIVt
JUDGES
OFFICtn? OfttCt Of Sa*ttAHO 5CIEi*Cf AOVJSOBV
CtVIl WSAp»AfHAT,tO BUAftO
HfOHfl HUSIKEiS
A
f
1
S90CtATC AOMIttfSTnATOn
CHI PQilCV AND FtCSOUttCC
MANAGEMENT
r-
I 01 PWf OF
^J-^ STANDARDS ANO
j|^ « GUI* rums
1 OfFfCt Of
Mtai MAMAOEmNf SVSTIMS
ANQ(VAtUATK>N
k I 1
DMIHISrgATOJI
FKCOr
ice or
IQCHCNf
MANAQtMfN
ATIONAN0
F ICE OF
NITRATION
:mNArt
rtcf or
ISTRAfHSM
t PAftK/N.C.
ASMSf ANT AOMWISf ft A TOR
FOR KAUft
OFFKI or
AKQ PCAMITS
OffKf Of
AM1STANDAHIM
0«HATIOWI
w OFF i« or
USIIfAJtf ADMHvnTRArOH
rORSOIWRASft AW
Off »Ct
-------
-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations atul States
Region I Headquarters, Boston,, Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region II Headquarters, New York, New York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia, District of Columbia
Region IV Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee
Region V Headquarters, Chicago, 111inois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota
Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, Mew Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma
Louisiana
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Missouri
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,Nebraska
Region VIII Headquarters. Denver, Colorado
Colorada,Montana, North Dakota
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IX Headquarters, San Franc1sco, Callfornia
Arizona, Californla, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories
of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Island
Region X Headquarters. Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idalio, Oregon, Washington
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT'!OH AGENCY
Summary of Resources
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1904
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs 1983
I/I
I
*>
Research and Development
BudgeFAuthority...
Obligations ,
On tl ays
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Ruffgef ""All thor 1 ty 7. .7.
Obi Igations
Outlays
Sal aHe s and Expenses ,,
Budget Author? tyT.
Obi i ga tl on s
Outl ay s -
Permanent Work years
Total Workyears
Hulldings and Fad!ities
Budget Autnor 1 ty
Obi 1 gallons
Ou tl ay s
Construction Grants
Budget AuHorfiyY.
Obi igations
Ou tl ay s
Scientific Activities Oversea^
ODyigatlons....... .""V77T7" /.
Outlays
$154,315.6
200,637.9
197,339.0
372,969.7
393,328.0
523,722.0
555,105.7
540,773.2
520,363.0
9,112.4
10,853.5
3,621.0
3,384.7
3,325.0
2,400,000.0
2,116,802.7
3,756,152.1
19.3
677.0
$119,000.0
126,014.0
153,709.0
369,075.0
375,000.0
423,538.0
548,613.2
548,613.2
518,904.0
8,442.4
10,157.6
3,000.0
5,033.0
2,825.0
2,430,000.0
3,000,000.0
3,100,000.0
700.0
1,000.0
$111,669.0
112,434.0
140,764.0
293,933.0
294,871.0
366,359.0
540,389.0
540,389.0
518,533.0
7,996.8
9,678.7
2,600.0
2,965.0
4,689.0
2,400,000.0
2,400,000.0
2,800,000.0
950.0
600.0
-$7,331.0
-13,580.0
-12,945.0
-75,142.0
-00,129.0
-57,179.0
-8,224.2
-8,224.2
-371.0
-445.6
-478.9
-400.0
-2,068.0
+1,864.0
-30,000.0
-600,000.0
-300,000.0
+250.0
-400.0
-------
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs 1983
in
-s>
I
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obiigations................."..,...
Outl ays
Revo]y1ng Fund
Obligations.
Outlays..
Enforcement
Outlays..
U.S. Regulatory Council
Outlays... ,
Misc. Contributed Funds
Obligations.... ..
Outlays
Reimbursements
Obligations.
Permanent Work years
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance Response
trust Fund
"Budget Authori ty -.
Obi Igatlons
Outl ays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
814.4
289.0
750.0
21.0
1,598.0
245.0
?2.7
12.0
15,480.9
54.4
60.5
190,000.0
180,743.6
79,576.0
465.6
527.7
1,432.7
1,633.0
800.0
100.0
1,002.0
319.0
30.0
20.0
20,000.0
58.8
67.8
210,000.0
240,476.0
177,000.0
623.8
699.6
1,439.0
800.0
100.0
-1,432.7
-194.0
20.0
20.0
20,000.0
53.0
62.0
310,000.0
319,870.0
269,000.0
619.3
707.1
-1,002.0
-319.0
-10.0
-5.8
-5.8
+100,000.0
+79,394.0
+92,000.0
-4.5
+7.5
-------
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs 1983
Payment to HazardousSubstance
isponseTrust FuncT
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TSGEflCl
Budget Authority....
Obligations....
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears.
(26,000.0)
(26,000.0)
(26,000.0)
$3,676,012.0
3,452,757.4
5,083,319.1
9,632.4
11,441.7
(40,000.0)
(40,000.0)
(40,000.0)
$3,679,688.2
4,318,098.9
4,380,050.0
9,125.0
10,925.0
(44,000.0)
(44,000.0)
(44,000.0)
$3,658,591.0
3,692,299.0
4,101,504.0
8,669.1
10,447.8
(+4,000.0)
(+4,000.0)
(+4,000.0)
-$21,097.2
-625,799.9
-278,546.0
-455.9
-477.2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Resources
By Media
(dollars In thousands)
Air
Budget Authority....
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Water Quality
Budget Authority....
Obligations....
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays...
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authori ty....
Obligations
Outlays...
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Actual
1982
$217,548.5
229,703.1
245,652.0
1,576.0
1.821.8
234,720.4
250,946.2
314,122.0
2,271.9
2.671.1
82,281.7
85,898.7
80,715.0
474.3
566.4
106,777.7
110,578.4
123,514.0
586.1
737.9
Current
Estimate
1983
$212.245.3
214,902.3
195,753.0
1,374.4
1,603.2
215,998.9
219,138.9
255,108,0
1,950.6
2,379.3
77,958.5
78,820.5
76,760.0
471.2
562.4
116,551.5
117.244.5
115,722.0
643.1
821.9
Estimate
1984
$190,991.6
191,337.6
199,621.0
1,350.3
1,577.1
151,369.3
151,818.3
205,682.0
1,662.9
2,065.5
66,355.9
66,467.9
73,568.0
465.1
560.8
110,112.7
110,194.7
114,192.0
625.8
830.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs 1983
-$21,253.7
-23,564.7
+3,868.0
-24.1
-26.1
-64,629.6
-67,320.6
-49,426.0
-287.7
-313.8
-11,602.6
-12,352.6
-3,192.0
-6.1
-1.6
-6,438.8
-7,
-1,
049.8
530.0
-17.3
+8.1
-------
I
00
Pesticides
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears.
Radiation
Budget Authorl ty
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears..
Noise
EJuHget Authorl ty.......
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears..,..
Total Workyears «.
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears..
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority.......
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears..
Actual
1982
54,083.0
57,813.6
61,435.0
765.3
828.3
10,663.3
12,335.4
12,349.0
150.3
169.6
1,922.6
1,621.3
6,616.0
21.2
27.4
18,850.0
16,928.9
14,425.0
200.2
243.9
74,855.8
82,712.8
82,211.0
634.4
729.5
Current
Estimate
1983
52,928.1
52,978.1
53,074.0
662.2
745.8
10,923.3
11,059.3
12,483.0
148.1
172.2
1,707.0
23,935.9
25,606.9
22,979.0
325.6
388.8
69,661.8
71,451.8
79,915.0
626.7
706.9
Estimate
1984
52,742.6
52,750.6
53,430.0
652.7
736.9
10,854.8
10,872.8
11,419.0
126.9
146.4
663.0
41,335.6
41,595.6
29,098.0
353.4
396.5
66,675.7
66,891.7
71,368.0
606.2
683.2
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs 1983
-185.5
-227.5
+356.0
-9.5
-8.9
-68.5
-186.5
-1,064.0
-21.2
-25.8
-1,044.0
+17,399,7
+15,988.7
+6,119.0
+27.8
+7.7
-2,986.1
-4,560.1
-8,547.0
-20.5
-23.7
-------
Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Decrease -
19B2 1983 1984 1984 vs 1983
Energy
Budget Authority..... 51,650.9 25,000.9 23,530.1 -1,470.8
Obligations 65,662.9 26,940.9 23,742.1 -3,198.8
Outlays 90,638.0 56,424.0 42,153.0 -14,271.0
Permanent Workyears 138.9 36.4 36.8 +.4
Total Workyears 196.9 53.5 54.9 +1.4
Management and Support
Budget Authority..... . 229,037.1 231,484.0 232,022.7 +538,7
Obligations..... 221,352.2 232,916.7 232,022.7 +538.7
Outlays 211,634.0 228,861.0 225,901.0 -2,960.0
Permanent Workyears 2,293.8 2,204.1 2,116.7 -87.4
Total Workyears... 2,860.7 2,723.6 2,627.4 -96.2
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.. 3,621.0 3,000.0 2,600.0 -400,0
Obligations. 3,384.7 5,033.0 2,965.0 -2,068.0
Outlays 3,325.0 2,825.0 4,689.0 +1,864,0
Construction Grants
Budget Authority.. 2,400,000.0 2,430,000.0 2,400,000.0 -30,000.0
Obligations 2,116,802.7 3,000,000.0 2,400,000.0 -600,000.0
Outlays ., 3,756,152.1 3,100,000.0 2,800,000.0 -300,000,0
Scientific Activities Overseas
Obligations.. . 19.3 700.0 950.0 +250.0
Outlays 677.0 1,000.0 600.0 -400.0
Revolving Fund
Obligations. 750.0 800.0 800.0
Outlays 21,0 100.0 100.0
Hisc. Contributed Funds
Obligations.. 22.7 30.0 20.0 -10.0
Outlays , 12.0 20.0 20.0
-------
Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1984 1984 ys 1983
Reimbursements
Obligations. 15,480.9 20,000.0 20,000.0
Permanent Workyears... 54.4 58.8 53.0 -5.8
Total Workyears. 60.5 67.8 62.0 -5.8
U.S. Regulatory Council
outlays I..,...::..:... 245.0 319.0 ... -319.0
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund
budget Authority 190,000.0 210,000.0 310,000.0 +100,000.0
Obligations 180,743.6 240,476.0 319,870.0 +79,394.0
Outlays 79,576.0 177,000.0 269,000.0 +92,000.0
Permanent Workyears 465.6 623.8 619.3 -4.5
Total Workyears 527.7 699,6 707.1 +7.5
Payment to Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
"Budget "Authority....; (26,600.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0) (+4,000.0)
Obligations (26,600.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0) (+4,000.0)
Outlays (26,600.0) (40,000.0) (44,000.0) (+4,000.0)
TOTAL EHVIRONHENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
Budget Authority $3,676,012.0 $3,679,688.2 $3,658,591.0 -$21,097.2
Obligations..... 3,452,757.4 4,318,098.9 3,692,299.0 -625,799.9
Outlays 5,083,319.1 4,380,050.0 4,101,504.0 -278,546.0
Permanent Workyears.. 9,632.4 9,125.0 8,669.1 -455.9
Total Workyears 11,441.7 10,925.0 10,447.8 -477.2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1983 Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Air.. .
Water Quality. .
Drinking Water.
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radi a t1 on.. -,
Interdisciplinary.
Toxic Substances.......
Energy ,
Management and Support.
Subtotal
Buildings and Facilities
Reimburseme'nts
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund....
Payment to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.............
Subtotal,
Construction Grants.
Total.
Salaries &
Permanent
Workyears
1,374.4
1,950.6
471.2
643.1
662.2
148.1
325.6
626.7
36.4
2,204.1
8,442.4
. . *
* *
...
8,442.4
* *
8,442.4
Expenses
Amount
$70,480.0
95,940.0
24,796.7
32,826.3
28,501.0
8,340.0
17,573.5
34,182.0
4,489.7
231,484.0
$548,613.2
*
...
...
* *
$548,613.2
* *
$548,613.2
Abatement,
Control 4
Compliance
Amount
$107,855.1
108,861.0
39,303.5
63,028.0
22,318.9
2,195.7
2,909.8
22,603.0
. * .
...
$369,075.0
-*- *
...
...
*
$369,075.0
* * »
$369,075.0
Research 8
Development
Amount
$33,910.2
11,197.9
13,858.3
20,697.2
2,108.2
387.6
3,452.6
12,876.8
20,511.2
. . .
$119,000.0
*
...
. . .
...
$119,000.0
*
$119,000.0
Permanent
Workyears
1,374.4
1,950.6
471.2
643.1
662.2
148.1
325.6
626.7
36.4
2,204.1
8,442.4
i a »
58.8
623.8
* *
9,125.0
» *
9,125.0
Total
Amount
$212,245.3
215,998.9
77,958.5
116,551.5
52,928.1
10,923.3
23,935.9
69,661.8
25,000.9
231,484.0
$1,036,688.2
3,000.0
...
210,000.0
(40,000.0)
$1,249,688.2
2,430,000.0
$3,679,688.2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1984 Resources
By Media and Appropriation
(dollars 1n thousands)
Air... ...... .
Water Quality ....... .
Drinking Water.......
Hazardous Haste .....
Pesticides.,
Radiation ....... .
Interdisciplinary
Toxic Substances .......
Energy
Management and Support
Subtotal
Dull dings and Facilities .......
Reimbursements ......... .. ..... .
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund.. ............ .....
Payment to the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund
Subtotal.
Construction Grants
Total...
Salaries
Permanent
Workyears
1,350.3
1,662.9
465.1
625.8
652.7
126.9
353.4
606.2
36.8
2,116.7
7,996.8
» »
...
...
...
7,996.8
» . »
7,996.8
& Expenses
Amount
$71,028.1
83,728.8
24,554.5
35,038.6
31 ,435.2
7,742.4
18,244.1
32,900.5
3,694.1
232,022.7
$540,389.0
i
...
...
...
$540,389.0
« * *
$540,389.0
Abatement,
Control t
Compliance
Amount
$92,815.4
61,324.0
29,893.4
58,150.4
19,634.4
3,095.7
7,049.4
21,970.3
...
...
$293,933.0
*
...
...
*
$293,933.0
* *
$293,933.0
Research S
Development
Amount
$27,148.1
6,316.5
11,908.0
16,923.7
1,673.0
16.7
16,042.1
11,804.9
19,836.0
.
$111,699.0
...
...
* * *
$111,669.0
. . .
$111,669.0
Total
Permanent
Workyears
1,350.3
1,662.9
465.1
625.8
652.7
126.9
353.4
606.2
36.8
2,116.7
7,996.8
* * »
53.0
619.3
* » *
8,669.1
» « *
8,669.1
Amount
$190,991.6
151,369.3
66,355.9
110,112.7
52,742.6
10,854.8
41,335.6
66,675.7
23,530.1
232,022.7
$945,991.0
2,600.0
...
310,000.0
(44,000.0)
$1,258,591.0
2,400,000.0
$3,658,591.0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT ION AGENCY
Total Funds Obligated, 1983
(dollars 1n thousands)
to
s>
i
Research and Development
Air
Water Quality.
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides. ..
Radi a tion
Interdl sci pi Inary..
Toxic Substances >
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Ms ter Qual f ty .,.,,. .-,
Drink incj Water.
Pesticides...........
Radiation. .
Noise..
IntBrdlscipl Inary. .,
Toxic Substances. . ,
Salaries and Expenses
Water Qual I ty
Drinking Water..
Hazardous 'Waste
Pes tl c 1 des
Radiation
Noise
Interdl scipl inary. ., .,,,..
Toxtc Substances
Management and Support
Budget
Authority
$119,000.0
33,9iU,2
11 197.9
13,858.3
20,697.2
2 108.2
387.6
3 452.6
12,876.8
20 511.2
369,075.0
107,855,1
108 861.0
39,303.5
63 028.0
22,318.9
2 195.7
2 909.8
22 603.0
548,613.2
70,4to.O
95 940.0
24 796.7
32 826.3
28 501.0
8 340 0
17 573.5
34 182.0
4 439 7
231.484.0
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
+$13,646.8
+2,.J4/.4
+1- 389.2
+619.7
+757.0
+26.1
H50.6
+139.4
+2 050.6
+2 971.0
+3,195.8
+12,742.0
+l,66/,9
+3 369.1
+451.7
" +290.8
+74.0
+124.6
+7.9
+2 517.4
+510.1
+3 728.5
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
-$6,632.8
-B13.4
-427.2
-139.7
-200.0
-1-2.1
-73.6
-69.4
-670,6
-1,031.0
-3,195.8
-6,817.0
-544,9
-1 191.1
-69.7
-154.8
-38.0
-65 . 6
-7.9
-916.4
-100. 1
-3 728 5
Total
Obligations
$126,014.0
3!>,444.2
12,159,9
14,338.3
21,254.2
2,122.2
464.6
3,522.6
14,256.8
22 451.2
375,000.0
108, 9/8,1
111,039.0
39,685.5
63,164.0
22,354.9
2,254.7
4 510.8
23,013.0
548,613.2
70, 480. 0
95,940.0
24,796.7
32,826.3
28 501.0
8 340 0
17 573.5
34 182.0
4 489 7
231. 484. tt
n GA
~
-------
Buildings and Facilities
Scientific Activities Overseas
Construction Grants
Operations, Research and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
Total
Budget
Authori ty
3,000.0
...
2,430,000.0
210,000.0
$3,679.688.2
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
+2,921.7
+3,399.9
+1,974,259.0
+1,432.7
+47,704.0*
+$2,056.106,1
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
-888.7
-2,699,9
-1,404,259.0
-17,228.0
-11 .438.525,4
Total
Obligations
5,033,0 -V-'t
700.0 s\*s.
3,000,000.0 syJ!^
1,432.7 /ut
240,476.0 QW\,-.
$4,297.268.9
* This figure includes $3,358.0 for offsetting collections from non-Federal sources.
-------
in
t*
ENVIKONMENTAl PROTECTION AGENCY
Total Funds Obligated, 1984
(dollars in thousands)
Research and Development
Air.
Pesticides
Interdl sclpHnary
Toxic Substances
Abatement, Control and Compliance
Air
Wa ter Qual 1 ty . . .';
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste.. .... ... ........
Pesticides
No1 se
Toxic Substances »
Management and Support......
Salaries and Expenses
Air......... ,
Wa ter Qual i ty . . .
Drinking Water. .. i
Ha2ardous Waste
Pesticides.
Noise
Interdi scipli nary.
Toxic Substances
Budget
Authority
$111,669.0
27,148.1
6 316.5
11 908.0
16 923.7
1,673.0
16.7
16 042.1
11,804.9
19,836.0
293,933.0
92,815.4
61 324.0
29,893.4
58 150.4
19,634.4
3 095.7
7,049.4
21 970.3
540,389.0
/I 02$. 1
83 728 8
24 554.5
35 038.6
31 435.2
7 742 4
18 244 1
32 900.5
3 694.1
232.022.7
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
+$6,632.8
+813.4
+427.2
+139.7
+200.0
+12.1
+73 .6
+69.4
+670.6
+1,031.0
+3,195.8
+6,817.0
+544.9
+1 191.1
+69.7
+154.8
+38.0
+65.6
+7.9
+916.4
+100.1
+3,728.5
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
-$5,867.8
-645.4
-322.2
-87.7
-140.0
-10.1
-65.6
-62.4
-519.6
-819.0
-3,195.8
-5,879.0
-366.9
-847 . 1
-9.7
-132.8
-32.0
-55.6
-7.9
-663.4
-35.1
-3,728.5
Total
Obligations
$112,434.0
2.1 , 316.1
6,421.5
11,960.0
16,983.7
1,675.0
24.7
16,049.1
11,955.9
20,048.0
294,871.0
92,993.4
61,668.0
29,953.4
58,172.4
19,640.4
3,105.7
7,302.4
22 035.3
540,389.0
/i,02ti.l
83 728.8
24,554.5
35,038.6
31,435.2
7 742.4
18,244.1
32 900.5
3 694.1
232.022.7
-------
in
I
CTl
Bulltilnqs and Facilities
Scientific Activities Overseas
Construction Grants
Operations, Research and Facilities
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
Total......
* This figure Includes $7,542.0 for offsetting
Budget
Authority
2,600.0
...
2,400,000.0
310,000.0
$3 658 591 0
collections from
Unobligated
Balance
Brought
Forward
+888.7
+2,699.9
+1,404,259.0
+24,770.0*
+$1 446 067 4
non-Federal sources.
Unobligated
Balance
Carried
Forward
-523.7
-1,749.9
-1,404,259.0
-14,900.0
-$1 433 179 4
Total
Obligations
2,965.0
950.0
2,400,000.0
319,870.0
$3 671 479 0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary Of State Grant Resources
(dollars In thousands)
ACTUAL
AIR
105 ................... $88,145,1
MATER QUALITY
SECTION l66 ........... ........ 51,338.3
CLEAN LAKES ........... . ..... .. 8,992.1
PRINKING HATER
PU&IIC WATEIl SYSTEMS
PROGRAM GRANTS ........ ...... 29,456.4
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM ............. 6,379.9
SPECIAL STUDIES 8 DEMOS....... 1,822.5
&OM -
HAZARDOUS WAfag
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT ____ 42,344.8
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES ENF. GRANTS ..... ... 9,087.4
PESTICIDES CERT. * TRAINING... 2,579.1
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXICS ENt. GRANTS. . . . ....... , _ 500^0
SUBTOTAL ............. .. . $240,645.6
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS .......... ... 2.116.802.7
TOTAL ..... ..... .. ...... $2,357,448.3
CURRENT ESTIMATE
1983
1,734.9
54,200.0
3,000.0
27,450.0
7,074.5
1,900.0-
44,068.0
8,702.9
2,000.0
$233,130.3
2.430,000.0
$2,663,130.3
ESTIMATE
1984
$69,954.7
24,000.0
21,204.0
6,094.2
42,500.0
6,918.4
2,100.0
$172,771.3
2,400.0j)0.0
$2,572,771.3
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1984 vs. 1983
-$14,780.2
-30,200.0
-3,000.0
-6,246.0
-980.3
-1,900.0
-1,568.0
-1,784.5
+100.0
-$60,359.0
-30,000.0
-$90,359.0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History Of State Grant Budget Authority
Part I: 1971-1977
(dollars in thousands)
>
Co
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
AIR
"Tection 105
Section 175
WATER QUALITY
Section 106
Section 208
Clean Lakes
DRINKING WATER
Public Water Systems
Underground Injection
Special Studies..* Demos
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Haz. Waste Management
. Solid Waste Management
Resource Recovery
PESTICIDES
PestTcT3es Enf. Grant
30,200
30,200
10,000
10,000
1 ,629
1,629
42,900
42300
15,000
15,000
2,545
2,545
50,000
SO, 000
70,000
20,000
50,000 _!/
3,250
3,250
50,000
50,000
150.000
50,000
100,000 I/
55,268
55,268
199,625
150^000 I/
4,000 ~
___
51,518
51,518
112,375
44,375
53,000
15,000
10,000
7300
2,500
1.800
1,800
55,550
55,550
80,000
50,000
15,000
15,000
20,000
15,000
5,000
2,925
2,925
1,000
I.O'OO
Pesticides Cert. & Training
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
roxlcs Enf. Grants
TOTAL
41,829 60,445 123.250 200,000 254,093 175,693 159,475
I/ CONTRACT AUTHORITY
*Pest1c1des certification and training data for these years is unavailable.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History Of State Grant Budget Authority
Part II: 1978-1984
(dollars in thousands)
1983
>
t
AIR
Section 105
Section 175
WATER QUALITY
Section 106
Section 208
Clean Lakes
DRINKING MATER
Pun Me Water Systems
Underground Injection
Special Studies S Dems
HAZARDOUS WASTE
- Haz. Waste Management
Solid Waste Management
Resource Recovery
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enf. Grant
Pesticides Cert. S Training
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enf, Grants
1978
66,135
66,135
128,110
52,400
59,509
16,201
27,110
20,500
6,000
610
14,304
14,304
7,280
5,000
2,280
~
1979
130,025
80,025
50,000
108,003
51','IOD
41,028
14,575
36,270
26,400
7,600
2,270
44,886
15,018
15,150
14,718
13,052
9,538
3,514
"Err
1980
82,800
82,800
101,230
48,730
37,500
15,000
34,745
29,450
4,395
900
38,600
18,600
10,000
10,000
12,393
8,750
3,643
err
1981
87,673
95,696
$1,223
33,473
11,000
37,598
'29' ,'450
6,648
1,500
38,570
26,487
8,083
4,000
10,972
2)952
1,000
T7MF
1982
87,735
87,735
60,200
51,200
9,000
37,848
6*575
1,323
41,700
41,700
11,202
8.S32
2,570
500
500"
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
84,735
M.73S
57,200
54,200
3,000
36,424
2/,4i>0
7,074
1,900
44,068
44.06B
10,703
8,703
2,000
~
1984
ESTIMATE
69,955
69,955
24,000
24,000
27,298
21,204
6,094
42,500
42,500
9,018
2 ',100
"5zr
TOTAL
242,939 332,236 269,768 271,509 239,185 233.130
172.771
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Positions By Grade and Average EmploymeTit
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
rvj
o
Grades
Executive Level II..
Executive Level III.
Executive Level IV..
Executive Level V...
Subtotal
ES-6
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2.. .".
ES-1
Subtotal....
GS-16...
GS/GM-15.....
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12... ,
GS-11....
GS-10
GS-9....
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
GS-1
Subtotal
Actual
1982
1
1
7
1
10
5
28
94
34
16
23
200
9
530
,014
,540
,776
898
65
534
168
591
439
509
223
47
Current
Estimate
1983
1
1
7
1
10
5
26
91
33
15
22
192
9
482
974
1,479
1,706
862
63
512
161
567
422
489
214
46
3
Estimate
1984
1
1
7
1
10
5
25
86
30
14
20
1
180
9
457
922
,399
1,615
816
59
485
152
537
399
462
202
43
3
8,346
7,989
7,560
-------
Grades
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Assistant Surgeon General, $36,072 to
$50,160
Director grade, $26,736 to $46,188.
Senior grade, $21,304 to $37,680...
Full grade, $18,024 to $31,512
Senior assistant grade, $16,740 to $27,252...
Assistant grade, $14,604 to $20,173
Subtotal
Positions established by act of
November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C. 201) compensation
for which is not to exceed the maximum rate
payable for a GS-18
Ungraded.. -.
Total permanent positions...,
Actual
1982
78
118
42
8
246
30
65
Current
Estimate
1983
71
108
38
7
224
27
59
Estimate
1984
69
104
37
7
217
26
57
8,897
8,501
8,050
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Positions By Grade and Average Employment
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades L9S2 aijL983_ 1J84
ES-5 1 1 1
ES-4 . 223
Subtotal,
GS/GM-15.. 28 35 35
GS/GM-14.. , 42 53 52
GS/GM-13 90 122 121
GS-12.... 138 188 185
GS-11 , 72 97 96
GS-10.. ',
GS-9 20 28 28
GS-8 , 566
GS-7 16 21 21
GS-6 , ,. 11 15 15
GS-5 22 29 29
GS-4 8 11 II
GS-3
Subtotal.... 452 605 599
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade, 27,806 to $48,035 235
Senior grade, $22.241 to $39,193 233
Full grade, $18,745 to $32,774 3 4 3
Senior assistant grade, J17.420 to $28,343... 4 5 4
Subtotal 11 15 15
Ungraded 1 1 1
Total Permanent positions... 467 624 619
-------
RESEARCrt AND DEVELOPMENT
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent....... $238.0 $405.0
25.0 Other services... 109,419.6 $75,342.8 $69,236.7
26.0 Supplies and materials 30.0 60.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions.. 90.950.3 50.126.2 43,197.3
Total obligations $200,637.9 $126,014.0 $112,434.0
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 _._1_9»3___ 1983 1984 1984 vs. 1933
Communications, utilities and other rent. $230.0 ... $485.0
The increase in the current estimate reflects the +$485.0
revised estimate for the allocations to the Food and Drug
Administration (FOA) for the National Center for Toxico-
Togical Research {NCTR).
The decrease in the 1984 request reflects the elltnlna- -$485.0
tlon of our allocation to the Food and Drug Administration
(FOA) for the National Center for Toxlcological Research
(NCTR).
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
_L9_i
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1963 1983 1984 1984 vs. 1983
Grants, Subsidies, and contributions $90,950.3 $59,393.0 $50,126.2 $43,197.3
Changes to this object class include: -$9,266.8
Congressional add-on to the Great Lakes program (+1,435.0)
EPA's application of the $8.5 million Congressional
add-on to this appropriation (+4,875,0)
Change in the rate of obligations in grants. (-15,576.8)
The decrease in the 1984 request reflects lower -$6,928.9
research grant levels in the Air, Water Quality and
Hazardous Waste programs.
-------
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(dollars In thousands)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Personnel Services... , $145.7
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons,. $46.7 ... $195,0
22.0 Transportation of things.,... 1.0
23.2 Communications, utilities, and otherrent.......... .2
24.0 Printing and reproduction. 2.5
25.0 Other services , 143,416.2 $135,559.0 120,516.2
26.0 Supplies and materials...* 9.4
31.0 Equipment .. 21.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 249,683.1 239,441.0 174,159.8
42.0 Insurance claims and Indemnities 2.2 ... __u_i__
Total other objects....... $393,182.3 $375.000.0 $294.871.0
Total obligations.... $393,328.0 $375,000.0 $294,871.0
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1982 19B3 1983 1984
Personnel services.. $145.7
There is no change In the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
-------
Travel and transportation of persons. .
There Is no change in the 1983 estimate.
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects the
need for travel In the drinking water program for
direct implementation of the Underground Injection
Control and Public Water System Supervision programs
In States that do not have primacy.
Transportation of things.
There is no change in the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1904.
Conniunlcations, utilities, and other rent.
There is no change In the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
Printing and reproduction.
There is no change in the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
Actual
1982
$46.7
$1.0
$.2
$2.5
Budget
Estimate
1983
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
$195.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
+$195.0
-------
f
ro
CO
Other services.
The increase in the 1983 current estimate results
from the following:
Congressional add-on to Air Grants Programs...,.
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes Program..,.
Congressional add-on for Chesapeake Bay Program.
Congressional add-on for Corps of Engineers to
purchase additional workyears .
Congressional add-on for Academic Training......
Change In the rate of obligations for contracts.
The decrease In the 1984 request primarily results
from contract costs to Mater Quality programs for the
Corps of Engineers, Effluent Gull delInes and Chesapeake
Bay. Other reductions occurred In Hazardous Haste
regulations and guidelines and Pesticides Generic
Chemical Review.
Actual
1982
Budget
Estimate
1983
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
$143,416.2 $132,481.0 $135,559.0 $120,516.2
+$3,078.0
(+584,0)
i +500.0)
(+861.5)
(+2,800 .0)
(+340.0)
(-2,007.5)
-$15,042.8
Supplies and materials.
$9.4
There Is no change In the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
Equ1pment.
There 1s no change in the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
$21.0
-------
Actual
1982
Budget
Estimate
1983
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
1/1
>
Grants, subsidies, and contributions $249,683.1 $187,927.0 $239,441.0 $174,159.8
Changes to this object class include: +$51,514.0
Congressional add-on for grant programs:
Air . (+14,196.2)
Water Qual 1 ty (+13,354.4)
Drinking Water (PNSS).... . (+3.890.0)
Drinking Water (UIC) (+1,534.3)
Hazardous Waste (+8,931.4)
Pesticides Enforcement (+1,784.5)
Clean Lakes (+3,000.0)
Rural Water Association , (+1,900.0)
Congressional add-on for wastewater treatment
operator trai n-i ng (+2,625.2)
Congressional add-on for Great Lakes program to
continue Section 108(a) demonstration grants (+500.0)
Congressional add-on for Chesapeake Bay Program (+38.5)
Congressional add-on for Academic Training (+660.0)
Change In,rate of obligations for grants (-900.5)
The decrease in the 1984 request reflects lower -$65,281.2
State grants levels,
Insurance claims and indemnities $2.2
There Is no change In the 1983 estimate and no
request for 1984.
-------
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(dollars in thousands)
Personnel Services.
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Standard level user charges...
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent.
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services .
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Lands and structures...
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities
Total other objects.
Total obligations
Position Data:
Average salary, GS positions.
Average grade, GS positions..
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
$359,094.1 $345,671.9 $350,260.9
$12,070.8
1,453.7
21,746.0
40,054.4
3,946.3
63,989.3
11,601.5
25,121.9
37.3
1,642.0
15.9
$14,276.1
2,021.6
20,892.0
55,715.7
7,041.9
78,369.9
12,802.8
11,321.3
*
500.0
'
$14,307.1
2,110.9
27,488.0
44,967.7
6,366.0
71,141.6
11,914.8
11,332.0
500.0
*
$181,679.1 $202.941.3 $190.128.1
$540,773.2 $548,613.2 $540,389.0
$30,788
10.85
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Actual
1982
$32,019
10.85
Budget
Estimate
1983
$32,019
10.85
Current
Estimate
1983
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
Personnel services.
The Increase In the 1983 current estimate results
from the following:
$359,094.1 $331,621.1 $345,671.9 $350,260.9
+$14,050.8
-------
Actual
1982
Budget
Estimate
1983
EPA's application of the $10,5 million Congressional
add-on which supports the increase of workyears
and the effluent guidelines and radionuclides
programs
Congressional add-on for AWT reviews..
Congressional add-on in Great Lakes program for
Grosse lie laboratory
EPA's employer share of the Medicare tax (1.3%)
Adjustment to reflect revised salary estimates.....
The increase in the 1984 request reflects primarily
the cost of fringe benefits for the Public Health Service
Commissioned Corps Officers which were previously funded
by the Public Health Service.
Current
Estimate
1983
(+10,399.3)
(+350.0)
(+400.0)
(+2,760.1)
(+141.4)
Estimate
1984
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
+$4,589.0
Travel and transportation of persons. .
There is no change in the 1983 current estimate.
The increase in the 1984 request reflects the
amount required to cover increased costs already
realized with Increases to conraercial air fares.
$12,070.8 $14,276.1 $14,276.1 $14,307.1
+$31.0
Transportation of things.
Changes to this object class include:
EPA's application of Congressional reduction to
management and support offices
Congressional add-on in Great Lakes program for
Grosse He laboratory
Adjustments to cost estimates using 1982 actual
costs as a base
$1,453.7 $1,884.7
$2,021.6
+$13_6.9_
(-.1)
(+6.0)
(+131,0)
$2,110.9
The increase In the 1984 request again reflects
estimates based on 1982 actual costs and expected increases
for the shipping of materials.
+$89.3
-------
Actual
1982
Budget
Estimate
1983
Standard level user charges.
$21,746.0 $25,428.0
Current
Estimate
1983
$20,892.0
-$4,536.0
Estimate
1984
$27,488.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
The decrease in the 1983 current estimate reflects
the reduction 1n rent needs caused by Congressional
direction to GSA to charge SLUG for 1983 at 1982 rates.
The Increase In the 1984 estimate reflects the Increase
In SLUG rates from 1982 to 1984, partially offset by
decreased space needs.
Communications, utnities, and other rent $40,054.4 $44,508.6 $55,715.7 $44,967.7
Changes to this object class Include: +$J.l,2p7;l
EPA's application of the $10.5 million Congressional
add-on to fund the effluent guidelines program , (+50.7)
EPA's application of Congressional reduction to
management and support offices (-650.3)
Congressional add-on in Great Lakes program for
Grosse He laboratory... (+100.0)
Increase in 1903 estimate reflects the transfer of
ADP Sup'port Cost funds from Other Services to this
object class for operational support for the
National Computer Center (NCC) ». (+4,981.1)
Increase to Nationwide and Headquarters Support Costs
reflects adjustment In rental costs for equipment and
telephones, and the continually rising costs of
utill ties (+6,725.6)
The decrease In the 1984 request reflects a $2.0
ml11 ton reduction for operational support for the National
Computer Center (NCC) and the remaining reduction
realized through cost savings in rental costs for
equipment and telephones In Nationwide, Headquarters and
Regional Support.
+$6.596^0
-$10,748.0
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 vs. 1983
Printing and reproduction $3,946.3 $7,872.1 $7,041.9 $6,366.0
The decrease in the 1983 current estimate results from -$830.2
the following:
EPA's application of the $10.5 million Congressional
add-on to fund the effluent guidelines program (+50.0)
EPA's application of Congressional reduction to
management and support offices (-90.6)
Reduction reflects adjustments to 1983 estimate based
on 1982 actual costs for printing and reproduction.. (-789.6)
The decrease in the 1984 request primarily reflects -$675.9
reductions In printing needs In Air, Water Quality and
Toxic Substances.
Other services. , > $63,989.3 $87,130.3 $78,369.9 $71,141.6
The decrease in the 1983 current estimate results from -$8,760.4
results from the following:
EPA's application of Congressional^reduction to
management and support offices (-474.3)
Congressional add-on to Great Lakes program for
Grosse lie laboratory. (+404.0)
Reduction In 1983 estimate reflect the transfer of ADP
Support Cost funds from this object class to communi-
cations, utilities, and other rent and equipment for
operational support for the National Computer
Center (NCC) .'...- (-6,232.9)
Reduction reflects adjustments to the 1983 estimate
based on 1982 actual costs for administrative and
maintenance service contracts. (-2,457.2)
The decrease In the 1984 requests reflects a major -$7 ,228.3
reduction 1n Air, Water Quality, Energy, Management and
Support, and Toxic Substances programs with small reductions
In Drinking Water and Hazardous Waste.
-------
Budget Current, Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1983 1983 9 1984 vs . 1983
Suppl j es and materi al s ............................. ..... $11.601.5 $13,139.6 $12,802.8 $11.914.8
Changes to this object clasps Include: -$336.8
EPA's application of Congressional reduction
to management and support offices ............ ..... (-62.4)
Congressional add-on to Great Lakes program for
Grosse lie laboratory .................. . ..... ..... (+40.0)
Reduction reflects an adjustment based on 1982
actual costs for supplies ......... ....... ......... (-314.4)
The decrease In the 1984 request primarily reflects -$888.0
a reduction to' the Research and Development Mater Quality
and Hazardous Waste program needs, and smaller reductions
to Toxic Substances and Energy program needs.
Equipment ........................... ..... .......... _____ .. $25,121.9 $10,839.7 $11,321.3 $11,332.0
-*"~ ^~ : i ~"~
Changes to this object class Include: +$481.6
EPA's application of Congressional reduction to
management and support offices .......... . .......... (-72.4)
Congressional add-on to Great Lakes program for (+50.0)
Grosse He laboratory......... ............... . .....
Increase reflects transfer of ADP Support Cost funds
from Other Services to this object class for
operational support for the national Computer
Center (NCC).. ....................... .............. . (+1,251,8)
Reduction reflect adjustments to estimate based on
lower projected needs for equipment ......... .. ..... (-747.8)
The small increase In the 1984 request reflects +$10.J
additional equipment needs In this object class in 1984..
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 vs.1983
Lands and structures $37*3
There Is no change In the 1983 estimate
and no request for 1984,
Grants, subsidies^jwd jcpjvtrlbutlons^............ $1,6,42.0 $4.0 $500.0 $500.0
The Increase In the 1983 estimate primarily +$496.0
reflects an Increase in grants for construction
grant audits in the Office of Inspector General.
There is no change in the estimate for 1984.
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(dollars in thousands)
21.0
25,0
31.0
32.0
Travel and transportation of persons ,..
Other ser v! ces . . . . . . . .,
Lands and structures
Actual
1902
$15.7
....... 3 239.5
... 3.6
125.9
Current
Estimate
1983
$40.0
4 802.0
5.0
186.0
Estimate
1984
$40.0
2 812.0
3.0
1 10.0
Total Obligations . $3,384.7 $5,033.0 $2,965.0
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Travel and transportation of persons.
There Is no change in the 1983 current
estimate and 1984 estimate.
Other services.
The increase in the 1983 current estimate reflects
a revised carryover estimate based on completion of a
laboratory facilities study In 1983 and transfer of
funds into this object class from lands and structures.
The decrease in the 1984 estimate reflects lower
facility nerds 1n 1984.
Actual
1982
$15.7
$3,239.5
Budget
Estimate
1983
$40.0
Current
Estimate
1983
$40.0
Estimate
1984
$40.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
$864.0 $4,802.0 $2,812.0
+$3,938.0
-$1,990.0
-------
Equipment.
The Increase 1n the 1983 current estimate reflects
a revised estimate for equipment needs.
The decrease In the 1984 estimate reflects a
reduced need for equipment In 1984.
Lands and structures.
The decrease 1-n the 1983 current estimate reflects
a revised carryover estimate based on completion of a
laboratory facilities study in 1983 and a transfer of
funds from this object class into other services.
The decrease in the 1984 estimate reflects lower
facility needs In 1984.
Budget
Actual Estimate
1982 1983
$3.6
Current
Estimate
1983
$5.0
+$5.0
Estimate
1984
$3.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
$125.9 $2,960.0 $186.0
-$2.774.0
$110.0
-$2.0
-$76.0
-------
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OVERSEAS
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(In thousands of dollars)
Actual
1982
Current
Estimate
1983
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons $19.3 $20.0
25.0 Other services __^i _ 680-°
Total Obligations $19.3 $700.0
EXPLANATION OF^INCREASESAND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget
Actual Estimate
1982 1983
Travel and transportation of persons......... $19.3 $20.0
There Is no change in the 1983 current
estimate.
The Increase Is the 1984 request reflects
additional activities expected In 1984.
Other services ... $680.0
'There Is no change 1-n the 1983 current
estimate.
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects
additional actlvltes expected In 1984.
Estimate
1984
$35.0
915.0
$950.0
Current
Estimate
1983
$20.0
Estimate
1984
$35.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs. 1983
+$15.0
$680.0
$915.0
+$235.0
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Classification by Objects
Includes Direct Obligations Only
(in thousands of dollars)
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1982 1983 1984
Personnel Services » $17,851.9 $31,479.0 $35,039.2
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons $1,472.5 $2,722.3 $2,786.0
22.0 Transportation of things...... 48.6 182.1 220.8
23.1 Standard level user chargers 1,195.0 1,427.0 1,992.0
23.2 Communications, utilities, and other rent 1,632.7 3,671.0 2,953.0
24.0 Printing and reproduction. 126.0 288.0 286.0
25.0 Other services , 120,757,7 139,845.6 172,914.0
26.0 Supplies and materials........ 800.1 1,057.0 1,115.0
31.0 Equipment ..... 1,958.5 6,769.0 2,122.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions... 34.900.6 53.035.0 100,442.0
Total other objects -.- $162,891.7 $208,997.0 $284.830.8
Total obligations $180,743.6 $240,476.0 $319,870.0
Position Data:
Average salary, GS positions.. $30,900 $32,136 $32,136
Average grade, GS postlons 11.38 11.38 11.38
-------
EXPLANATION OF INCREASES AND DECREASES TO OBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 vs. 1983
Personnel services $17,851.9 $26,962.5 $31,479.0 $35,039.2
The Increase in the 1983 current estimate results from +$4,516.5
the following:
EPA's employer share of the Medicare tax (1.3*) (+216.5)
Primarily an Increase to cover the additional work/ears
a"dded to the Superfund program. (+4,300 .0 )
The Increase In the 1984 request primarily reflects +$3,560 .2
a slower rate of obligation of the allocation account to
the Health and Human Services In the Interagency Support
program.
£
j.. Travel and transportation of persons... $1,472.5 $2,722.3 $2,722.3 $2,786.0
Q
There Is no change In the 1983 current estimate.
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects the +$63.7
amount required to cover Increased costs already realized
with Increases to commercial air fares.
Transportation of things $48.6 $262.3 $182.1 $220.8
The decrease In the 1983 current estimate results from -$80.2
an adjustment to cost estimates using 1982 actual costs as
a base.
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects an Increased +$38.7
need for the shipping of materials.
Standard level user changes.. $1,195.0 $1,453.0 $1.427.0 $1,992.0
The decrease In the 1983 current estimate reflects the -$26.0
reduction In rent needs caused by the Congressional direc-
tion to GSA to charge SLUC for 1983 at 1982 rates, partially
offset by an Increase In the portion of total SLUC costs
allocable to Superfund.
-------
The Increase In the 1984 request results from
Increased SLUG rates In 1984 and an Increase In the
portion of total SLUC costs allocable to Superfund.
Communications, utilities, and other rent.
The Increase In the 1983 current estimate reflects
the revised estimate of this object class due to the
additional work/ears and the rising costs of utilities.
The decrease in the 1984 request reflects a lower
need for these costs in 1984.
Prl ntl ng and reproduction.
Actual
1982
$126.0
The decrease In the 1983 current estimate reflects
adjustments based on 1982 actual costs from printing.
The decrease In the 1984 request reflects lower
printing and reproduction needs In 1984.
Other services $120,757.7
The decrease In the 1983 current estimate results 1n
the following:
Congressional action reduced Superfund by $20 million,
but stipulated that an additional $4.7 million be
set aside for Department of Health and Human Services
and $10.0 million reprogramroed to support State site
surveys under RCRA Section 3012.
Increase for adjusted carryover estimates....
Budget
Estimate
1983
$1,632.7 $2,200.9
$522.8
Current
Estimate
1983
$3,671.0
+$1,470.1
$288.0
-$234.8
Estimate
1984
$2,953.0
$286.0
$158,866.0 $139,845.6 $172,914.0
-$J.9,020(4
(-30,000.0)
(+10,979.6)
Increase +
Decrease -
1984 vs., 1983
+$565,0
-$718.0
-$2.0
-------
3=
ro
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects a higher
level of site response action planned and the contract
funds to support such actions.
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
_!?§?_ 1983_ 1983 1984 1984 vs. 1983
+$33,068.4
Suppl 1 es and materials , $800.1 $949.5 $1,057.0 $1,115.0
The Increase In the 1983 current estimate reflects +$107.5
adjustments to cost estimates for supplies based on 1982
actual experience.
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects an +$58.p
Increased supply and material needs for the various
allocation accounts.
Equipment $1,958.5 $2,304.9 $6,769.0 $2,122.0
The Increase In the 1903 current estimate reflects +$4,464.1
the Increased need for laboratory equipment in this
object class.
The decrease In the 1984 request reflects lower -$4,647.0
equipment needs for 1984.
Grants .sub si dies, and contributions. $34,900.6 $33,755.8 $53,035.0 $100,442.0
The Increase in the 1983 current estimate results +$19.279.2
in the following:
Congressional action directed that EPA fund
$10 million to support State site surveys under
RCRA Section 3012 ( + 10,000.0)
Increase for adjusted carryover estimates (+9,279.2)
The Increase In the 1984 request reflects a higher
level of site response action planned and the grant
funds to support such actions.
+$47,407.0
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