EN VI RON M ENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
OF APPROPRIATION
ON
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUBJECT INDEX
SUMMARY S-l
Mi A-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
A1r Quality Research... A-9
Scientific Assessment..... ., . A-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.... A-16
Health Effects A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology.... A-19
Environmental Processes and Effects A-20
Characterization, Transport and Fate A-20
Stratospheric Modi fication. A-22
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning » Standards... , A-24
Emission Standards 4 Technology Assessment A-27
Pollutant Strategies 8 Air Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development A-30
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-34
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support...... A-36
Emissions 8 Fuel Economy Compliance.... A-37
State Programs Resource Assistance A-39
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)..,.. A-41
Training.,.,........,. » ..,. A-43
Air Quality Management Implementation A-45
Trends Monitoring 4 Progress Assessment..., A-49
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring. A-51
Air Quality S Emissions Data Management % Analysis A-53
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-56
Mobile Source Enforcement............ A-60
WATER QUALITY WQ-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-9
Scientific Assessment WQ-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance...., WQ-15
Health Effects... ...;.... WQ-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology........... WQ-17
Environmental Processes and Effects MQ-18
Great Lakes , WQ-19
Comprehensive Estuarlne Management » HQ 21
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WATER QUALITY (Continued) Page
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management WQ-24
Water Quality Management.. WQ-26
Great Lakes Program WQ-28
Chesapeake Bay Program............................. WQ-30
Effluent Standards 8 Guidelines ...» WQ-32
Grants Assistance Programs..., WQ-35
Clean Lakes Program WQ-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)............ WQ-37
Training Grants (Section 104) WQ-38
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-39
Dredge 8 Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits WQ*43
Environmental Emergency Response A Prevention WQ-45
Standards & Regulations WQ-46
Water Quality Monitoring * Analysis ,. WQ-49
Coastal Environment Management , WQ-51
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-54
Municipal Source Control,... WQ-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction............ WQ-59
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance.... WQ-61
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement WQ-64
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-69
DRINKING WATER DW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research... DW-9
Sd ent 1 f 1 c Assessment. .*. DW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance DW-15
Health Effects DW-li
Environmental Engineering and Technology.. OW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects.... DW-18
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines.......... DW-21
Criteria, Standards * Guidelines DW-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance........... DW-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-29
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-3Q
Training DW-31
Wellhead Protection Program Grants DW-32
Drinking Water Management nw-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-35
Underground Injection Control Program...*. , DW-37
Ground-Water Protection..,. DW-40
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement DW-45
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research..... HW-9
Scientif 1 c Assessment. HW-15
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HAZARDOUS WASTE (Continued) Page
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ,. HW-16
Health Effects HW-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology HW-18
Environmental Processes and Effects... HW-19
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research.. HW-20
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-22
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste. HW-26
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air * Radiation. HW-28
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water.,.,. HW-29
Regulations, Guidelines X Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HM-31
Financial Assistance. HW-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HM-34
Hazardous Waste Management Initiative Grants......... ,,.»... HW-36
Underground Storage tanks State Grants......... HW-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation... HW-38
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-4Q
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement..* HW-44
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P-8
Sci enti f 1 c Assessment P-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.... P-14
Health Effects P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects P-17
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances ..*. ..» P-20
Registration... P-22
Special Registration ....» P-24
To! erances P-25
Generic Chemical Review... * P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-28
ENFORCEMENT
Pestici des Enforcement P-32
Pest 1 ci des Enforcement P-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training. P-37
Pesticides Certification & Training Grants.. P-38
RADIATION , R-l
RESEARCH £ DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research......................... R~7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance................. R-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology................ R-ll
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines..... R-14
Radiation Program Implementation.................................... R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment......*..... R-21
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INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Irvtermedia Programs ....*..... 1-7
Sci ent1f1 c Assessment I -12
Technical Information and Liaison. , 1-12
Quality Assurance Management.... 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program..... 1-14
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination....* 1-17
Interdisciplinary Training Grants,.., 1-21
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support *.*... 1-25
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring 1-28
Enforcement Policy S Operations..... 1-29
Criminal Investigations Program.... 1-31
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH '8 DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research TS-9
Scientific Assessment TS-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance..... TS-16
Health Effects......... TS-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology................. TS-18
Environmental Processes and Effects TS-19
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance..... TS-22
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants TS-24
Asbestos-1n-Schools Program Adm1n1stration...»,.» TS-2S
Asbestos-1n-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification....... TS-26
Toxic Substances Strategies .....*..,.,...... TS-28
Tbx1 cs Integratlon ...*.,...,.... TS-31
Chemical Testing. TS-32
Existing Chemical Review TS-33
New Chemical Review..... TS-35
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-38
Toxic Substances Enforcement........ TS-40
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants..... TS-42
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy F.-5
Add Rain. ., E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology t-12
Environmental Processes and Effects.......... E-13
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT MS-1
PROW AM MANAGEMENT
Program Management HS-8
Program Management - Air & Radiation MS-12
Program Managpment - Water.. .,,.,....,,... HS-13
Program Managenient - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring. MS-13
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MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT (Continued) Page
Program Management -External Affairs.. MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides » Toxic Substances MS-15
Program Management -General Counsel MS-16
Program Management - Research & Development MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-17
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices... MS-20
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-25
Office of Regional Operations.... MS-26
Office of Executive Support MS-26
Regulatory Information Service Center.......... MS-27
Administrator's Representation Fund, MS-28
Office of International Activities.. MS-28
Office of Civil Rights MS-29
Science Advisory Board MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-30
Office of Small & D1 sadvantaged Business Utilization MS-31
Office of Inspector General... MS-33
Office of Inspector General MS-34
Office of General Counsel , MS-36
General Counsel MS-37
Office of External Affairs MS-39
Office of Legislative Analysis MS-42
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-43
Office of Public Affairs MS-44
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations..... MS-44
Office of Federal Activities MS-45
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation , MS-47
Program Management - Policy, Planning 8 Evaluation.... MS-51
Integrated Environmental Management Program. MS-51
Office of Policy Analysis.......... MS-52
Office of Standards fc Regulations..... MS-54
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation. MS-55
Office of Administration & Resources Management..................... MS-57
Program Management - Administration...... MS-62
Financial Management - Headquarters MS-63
Office of the Comptroller , MS-64
Contracts & Grants Management MS-65
Personnel & Organization Services......... MS-66
Facilities S Management Services......... MS-67
Information Systems & Services....... MS-67
Office of Human Resources Management.... MS-68
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management. *........... MS-71
Resource Management - Regions MS-74
Financial Management - Regions....*...... MS-75
Personnel Management - Regions MS-76
Administrative Management - Regions.......*.*... MS-76
Reg1 onal Management MS-77
Regional Counsel MS-78
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions..... MS-79
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs. MS-82
Professional Training.....,..* MS-84
Nationwide Support Services MS-85
Headquarters Support Services....... MS-86
Regional Support Services. MS-87
Automated Data Processing Support Costs.. , MS-87
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (Continued) Page
Lab Support - Research 8 Development.... MS-88
Lab Support - A1r 8 Radiation................ MS-89
Lab Support - Pesticides * Toxic Substances..... MS-89
BUILDINGS 8 FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings ft Facilities B.F-4
New Facilities BF-5
Repairs & Improvements,.,...,..,.,.* BF-6
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS CG-1
Construct 1on Grants,« .,,, CG-3
SUPERFUNO SF-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances Research............. SF-10
Scientific Assessment...... SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.. SF-17
Health Effects SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology. SF-18
Environmental Processes and Effects...,. » SF-20
Exploratory Research SF-21
Technical Information and Liaison SF-21
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement,.......................... SF-23
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement S-CompHance Monitoring ..........'...... SF-27
Hazardous. Substance Technical Enforcement... SF-28
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement.............. SF-29
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations. SF-31
Title III - Enforcement SF-33
SARA Title III Enforcement SF-34
MANAGEMENT 8 SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support... SF-36
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters SF-42
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions....... SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters..... SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions. SF-44
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters ., , SF-45
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions.. * SF-45
Hazardous Substance Computer Services... SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters....,.,., SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-47
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-47
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning 8 Evaluation...... SF-48
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller......... SF-49
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Support............. SF-50
Title III - Management 8 Support SF-51
External Affairs - Title III - Office of External Affairs SF-53
Administrative Management - Title III - Office of
Administration and Resources Management............. SF-54
ADP Support - Title III - Office of Administration
and Resources Management.......... SF-54
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE. ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response. -..,.. SF-55
Hazardous Spin & Site Response SF-57
Hazardous Substance Response - Support SF-6Q
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water. SF-62
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation ,. SF-63
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency SF-65
Department of Health & Human Services , SF-68
United States Coast Guard SF-69
Department of Justice SF-69
Federal Emergency Management Agency..... SF-70
National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration.............. SF-70
Department of Interior.... SF-71
Occupational Safety & Health Administration SF-71
Title III - Response SF-73
Emergency Planning/Community R1ght-to-Know.. SF-75
Title III - Office of Pesticides * Toxic Substances SF-76
Title III - Federal Emergency Management Agency
Emergency Training SF-77
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS L-l
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support L-5
Environmental Engineering and Technology L-6
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support L-8
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation I-10
Administrative Management - Office of Administration
and Resources Management....... ....;.... i... L-ll
Legal Services -Office of General Counsel L-ll
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 114
LUST Guidelines and Implementation L-15
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement .. L-1B
Enforcement - Office of Enforcement & Compliance
Moni tori ng..,, 1-19
SPECIAL ANALYSES SA-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Subject Index By Media
AIR
Academic Training........ 4-44
A1r Quality Monitoring A-16,17,51,52
A1r Toxics ,. A-3,16-19,27,28,30,
42,46,52,53
Asbestos Demol Hion. A-27,58
Compliance Monitoring Inspections A-58,59
Em1ssion Wa1 vers . A-61
Enforcement A-57,61
Fuel Economy A-37
Fuel Programs............................................. A-36,61
Global Climate Change A-28,29
Health Effects Institute A-18
Indoor A1r A-5,18,19,22,29
Inspection and Maintenance Program A-35
In-use Emission Factors A-35
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory.. A-36
Municipal Waste Incineration A-19,27
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) A-15-18,20,21,28
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) A-20
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) A-19,27
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)...., A-16,27
Ozone ...» A-4,20-22,30.36,42,
46,57,61-63,75
Particulate Matter A-4,29,42,52
Prevention of Significant Deterioration A-41,42
Recall of In-Use Vehicles A-61
Reg1 onal Programs , A-46,51,57
Selective Enforcement Audits A-61
State Grants A-41,42
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) A-19,21,30,41,46
Stationary Source Enforcement A-57
Stratospheric Modification A-5,22,28,29
Tampering and Fuel Switching A-62
Trainlng Courses. A-43
MATER QUALITY
Academi c Tra1 n1 ng WQ-38
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews... WQ-60
Aquatic Life Research WQ-18
B1 omoni tori ng. WQ-15,54
Chesapeake Bay Program VIQ-30
Coastal Environment Management WQ-51,52
Construction Grants Management CG-57-61
Clean Lakes WO-36
Comprehensive Estuarine Management WQ-21,22
Corps of Engineers ....... WQ~60,61
Effluent Guidelines -. WQ-32,33
Emergency Response MQ-45
Enforcement , WQ-64-66
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
HATER QUALITY (Continued) Page
Great Lakes Program... WQ-19,28,29
lnc1 neration-at-Sea WQ-43
Innovative and Alternative Technologies WQ-17,60
International Pollution Control Agreements. WQ-19,28
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) UQ-51.,52
Near Coastal Waters Research WQ-18
Nonpolnt Source MQ-26
Ocean 01 sposal MQ-18,43,44
Operations and Maintenance WQ-61,62
Operator Tra1 n1 ng WQ-61
Pret reatment WQ-6 5,66
Si udge Management WQ-14,17,46,55
State Grants WQ-35-38
Toxic Pollutants Research.. WQ-17,18,20
Wastewater Treatment Compliance WQ-64-69
Mater Quality Permit Issuance..... WQ-69-72
Wetlands (Section 404).....,. WQ-18,42
DRINKING MATER
Academic Training DW-31,32
Enforcement. ,.. DW-45-48
Epidemiology DM-16
Ground Water Activities.... DW-3,5,41-43
firound Water Research Activities. DW-6,9-18
Health Advisories DW-4,12,15
Health Effects.. » DW-3,16,17,22
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations DW-3,22
National Rural Water Association.. '.. DW-30,31
Public Water Systems Supervision..... DW-4,22,35-37
Small Systems Engineering Research DW-17
State Grants DW-25-32
Underground Injection Control DW-3,5»18,19,22,24,
37-39
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards HW-5,25,28
Corrective Action.... HW-3-5,26,27,40,47,
48
Compl 1 ance Inspections,. HW-4,46,47,48
Dioxin.... , ,.! HW-5,15,17,19,26,27
Domestic Sewage Study......... HW-29,30
Enforcement HW-4,46,47,48
Sround Water Monitoring............................. HW-4,6,16,40,46,47,
48
Hazardous Spills Research...... HW-16,18
Incineration.. HW-5,15,26,27,40,41
Innovative/Alternative Technologies...*... HW-4,6,18,19,26
Land Disposal Facilities HW-3,4,18,19,40,41
Li sting/Deli sting ............ HW-5,15,19,26
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Subject Index by Hedia
(Continued)
HAZARDOUS HASTE (Continued) Page
Mon itori ng Methods HW-6,16
Municipal Waste Incineration » HW-5,6,15,26
Permitting , HW-3,18,19,35,40,41
Policy and Guidance HW-25-32
POTH Requirements ... HW-5,25,29,30
Quali ty Assurance. HW-16
Regulations Development.... HW-4,5,25-32
Risk Assessment... HW-4,6,15,17,26
State Authorizations...... HW-3,35,36,41,42
State Grants ., HW-3,34,36,36
Subtitle D Criteria... HH-5,26,27
Surface Impoundments HW-25,27,41
Tufts University. HW-20
UIC Requirements (RCRA) . HW-25,29,30
Underground Storage Tanks-Regulations and Guidelines...... HW-3,5,6,16,18,19,25
31,32
Underground Storage Tanks Grants .... HW-5,36,37
Waste Banning Activities HW-5,15,18,26,27
Waste Characterization HW-4,16,27
PESTICIDES
Biotechnol ogy P-5,6,13,16,17,23,
24,25,30
Certification and Training P-3,4,34,35,37,38
Data Call-in......... . , ......... P-4,25,28,35
Emergency Exempt i ons P-3,6,22,24,25
Enforcement. P-4,34-38.
Formal dehyde P -30
Experimental Use Permit , P-3,6,22,24,25
Ground-Water P-4,17,23,28,29,35,
38
Lab/Data Integrity P-15,35
Nebraska Enforcement Program P-35,38
Pesticide Enforcement Grants P-4,34,36,37
Protecti ve Cl othi ng , P-5,16,23
Regi strati on Fees P-23
Regi strati on Standards P-3,6,25,28-30
Reregi strati on P-3,28,29
Risk Assessment P-3,5,14
Special Review (RPAR) P-4,6,25,28-30
State Grants... ...., P-3,34-38
Tolerances... P-3,4,25,26
RADIATION
Airborne Radionuclide Standards ,, R-15
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System. R-4,24
Nevada Nuclear Test Site R-4,9-11
10
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
RADIATION (Continued) Page
Radiological Emergency Response Plans....... R-19
Radon Action Program.............. R-10,19,23
Radon Mitigation Research R-9,1Q,11
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards......... R-15
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Case Referrals 1-5
Compliance Monitoring......... 1-29
Criminal Investigations.. 1-31
Enforcement 1-27
Enforcement Operations*...... 1-29
Enforcement Policy.. 1-29
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-18
Ev 1 dence Audits. 1-28
Exploratory Research................... 1-14
Federal Agencies Compliance 1-18
Indians Programs.... 1-18,19
Integrated Risk Information System... 1-12
Interdisciplinary Training Grants. 1-22
Litigation.... ,..,........*...... 1-29
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC).. 1-28
NEPA Compliance Program 1-18,19
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.... 1-27
Qual 1 ty Assurance 1-14
Regulatory Support.................... 1-13
Risk Assessment Guidelines 1-12
Small Business Innovation Research*......... 1-15
Technical Information 1-12
Visiting Scientists Program '.....,.... I»15
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Asbestos Regul ati ons , TS-24-27
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA).... TS-24
Asbestos Technical Assistance..*........... TS-25
Biotechnology TS-15-20,35,36
Category Evaluations TS-33
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) TS-33
Enforcement TS-4,37-42
Existing Chemical Review TS-3,33-35
Interageney Testing Committee (FTC) TS-32,33
Lab/Data Integrity*. TS-16,40-41
MBOCA £4,4'-methylene Bis (2-Chloranlllne)] TS-34
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCB)..» TS-41
Regional Asbestos Information and Training Centers TS-25
Risk Assessment..... TS-15,20,33-35
Ri sk Management TS-34,35
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) ,. TS-35.36
11
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (Continued) Page
Structure Activity Relationships TS-18
Test Guidel 1 nes TS-32,33
Test Rul es TS-32,33
ENERGY
Acid Rain ,.. , E-10
Limestone injection Multistage Burner (LIMB). E-12
National Surface Water Survey E-ll
Synthetic Fuels E-13
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Audits and Investigations MS-34,35
Automated Data Processing (AOP) MS-67,68,87,88
Fiscal Integrity MS-63,64,75
Human Resources Management MS-68,69,76
International Activities MS-28
Legal Advice MS-37,38
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities ; MS-42,43
Maintenance and Repair Projects.... BF-3-6
Management Systems Integrated. MS-63,64
Managing for Environmental Results MS-55
Office of General Counsel... MS-37
Regulatory Reform - OPPE MS-53,54
Support Servi ces MS-82-89
" *
SUPERFUND
Al ternative Technologies ,, SF-4,19,20
Community Ri ght-to-Know SF-7S,76
Cost Recovery - Superfund SF-6
Criminal Investigations... .. SF-31
Emergency Response. SF-57
Enforcement SF-26-31
Envi ronmental Response Team SF-57,58
Heal th Research SF-18
Interagency SF-67-72
Management SF-41-49
Office of Inspector General SF-47,48
State Partici pation SF-58
Support Servi ces SF-62
Remedial Response SF-58
Research and Development SF-13,50,12,21
Title III SF-34,53,75
12
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Cooperative Agreements L-3,11,12,15,16,19
Corrective Action L-3,15,16,19 /
Cost Recovery L-3,11,15,16,19 |
Enforcement L-3,15,16,19 /
Financial Responsibility Requirements L-3,15,19 /
Guidelines L-3,10,11,12,15,16
Management L-10,11
Technical Support L-3,6,15,19
13
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Summary
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIROWCNTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
BUDGET SUMMARY
The President's request for the Environmental Protection Agency's 1988
budget totals $2,689,415,000 supported by 14,322.7 total workyears, including
$1,489,415,000 and 11,521.7 total workyears for the Agency's operating programs,
$1,200,000,000 and 2,716.0 total workyears for the Superfund program, and 85.0
total workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund./ At this time,
no new resources are requested for either the municipal waste treatment facilities
construction program or the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. The
President will submit a budget amendment of $2,000,000,000 for the Construction
Grants program, once appropriate reform legislation is enacted. These 1988 levels
increase total Agency resources by $97,000,000 and 158.0 total workyears above the
1987 current estimate* Items of special interest include: Superfund, enforcement,
research and development, state grants, and construction grants.
The President's 1988 request Increases the Superfund program over the Agency
1987 current estimate. The request and the anticipated carryover from 1987 and
prior year funds provide the Agency with a total 1988 program estimate of
$1,578,600,000 for the Superfund program. This Increase supports the new and
expanded authorities provided by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986, which will result in more extensive and permanent cleanups. The request
for this program is supported by 2,716.0 total workyears, an increase of 300.0 or
12 percent, over the 1987 current estimate. Although the Agency 1s not request-
Ing any new resources for the LUST program, it is anticipated that there will be
$25,000,000 in carryover funds to continue the program in 1988.
The 1988 request provides the Agency with the resources necessary to continue
successful Implementation of its enforcement activities. It includes $271,000,000
supported by 3,407.0 total workyears, an. Increase of $28.539,600 and 140.0 total
workyears. The President's Budget increases resources for hazardous waste enforce-
ment activities to meet the special compliance monitoring and enforcement require-
ments of-the 1984 RCRA Amendments. The 1988 Budget also includes an increase of
$23,300,000 for Superfund technical enforcement, necessary to meet the increased
responsibilities required by the Superfund reauthorization including oversight
support of responsible party actions and Federal facilities response and cost
recovery.
The 1988 request for research activities Includes $353,511,200 supported by
1,844.2 total workyears, an increase of $8,308,100 and a decrease of 21.6 total
workyears. The 1988 research and development program places emphasis on such high
priority Agency programs as acid rain, Superfund, new air pollution problems, and
drinking water. The 1988 acid rain research program continues to work towards
providing accurate and reliable scientific Information as a basis for developing
mitigation decisions. Major emphasis will be on the development and evaluation of
atmospheric models and expansion of work on the aquatic effects of acid rain. The
Superfund research program in 1988 will provide expanded on-site risk assessment
support and conduct a large-scale evaluation of commercially developed remedial
technologies at actual Superfund sites. The air research program* will study and
assess the causes of newly identified air pollution problems such as global climate
change and evaluate possible regulatory and technological solutions. The drinking
water research program will provide additional evaluations of control technology
and support monitoring, groundwater and risk assessment activities.
S-l
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The total request for grants to State and local governments is $295,700,000,
an increase of $9,500,000 from 1987. Most grants directly supporting State opera-
tions, with the exception of Pesticides Certification and Training Grants, are
maintained at the 1987 levels. The budget includes an increase of $1,500,000 for
the Pesticides Certification and Training Grants and $8,000,000 for a new grant
program for Wellhead Protection. These increases will enable the Agency to assist
States in making necessary Improvements to their ongoing certification and training
programs and fulfill important new requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act
Amendments.
Because the current authorization for the Construction Grant program expired
at the end of 1985, the Agency is requesting no funds for 1988 it this time.
However, the President will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 once
appropriate reform legislation is enacted.
A summary of budget authority for EPA's six appropriation accounts is as
fol1ows:
EPA's Request by AppropriationAccount
1987 1988
Current Estimate Budget Authority
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
Salaries & Expenses.....
Research S Development..
Abatement, Control & Compliance
Buildings & Facilities....
$701,107,000
202,500,000
535,185fOOOa
5,000,0003
$778,330,000
190,000,000
515,085,000
6,000,000
+$77,223,000
-12,500,000
-20,100,000
+1,000,000
Operating Programs Subtotal.. $1,443,792,000 $1,489,415,000 +$45,623,000
Construction Grants..... .$2,QOO,000,QOOb $2,000,OOQ,000C 0
Hazardous Substance Response-
Trust Fund... 1,123,108,600 $l,200tOOOfOOO<* +76,891,400
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund... 25.000,000 e -25,000,000
Total $4,591,900,600 $4,689,415,000 +$97,514,400
a Reflects proposed rescission in the President's 1988 budget.
b Of this amount, $800,000,000 is proposed for later transnrittal in the Presi-
dent's 1988 Budget.
c The President will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 upon enactment
of appropriate reform legislation.
d The Agency is anticipating a total operating plan of $1,578,600,000. This in-
cludes a carryover of $378,600,000 from funds appropriated in 1987. This total
1s described in our justification.
e In 1988, $25,000,000 is expected to be available due to carryover of one-half
of the $50,000,000 appropriated in 1987.
This level of resources supports Congressional and Administration efforts
to reduce the deficit, both in 1987 and 1988. Although the 1988 budget was devel-
oped within the $108 billion deficit target mandated -in the Balanced Budget and
Emergency Deficit Control Act, Agency Superfund and operating programs show
increases above the 1987 current estimate levels.
S-2
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The following briefly describes the content of each appropriation and the
changes within each from the Agency's current 1987 estimates.
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
EPA's request Increases by $77,223,000 to $778,330,000 in 1988, which repre-
sents the funding necessary to continue Agency activities without reducing the
current on-board level of personnel. These funds will fully support our request
of 11,521.7 workyears for the operating programs. This appropriation finances
salaries and related costs associated with administering the programs within the
Environmental Protection Agency. It Incorporates all costs exclusive of grant
programs and program-specific contractual agreements. It also provides funding
for repair and Improvement projects under $25,000.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
The Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation finances contracts,
grants, and cooperative agreements for pollution abatement, control and compliance
activities. The 1987 current estimate reflects a proposed rescission for this
appropriation of $47,500,000 for the asbestos-in-schools program. We are request-
ing this rescission because prior year appropriations have already greatly reduced
the problem. In addition, many states have their own source of funding and will
act now rather than wait for Federal funds. The 1988 request of $515,085,000 will
continue to strengthen the partnership with the States through the State Grant
programs and support new initiatives to implement the Safe Drinking Mater Amend-
ments of 1986. In addition to the increases already discussed in the enforcement
and State Grant programs, the following programs show slight increases: Near
Coastal Maters/Estuaries, Environmental Review and Coordination, and Mining Waste
Standards.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The 1988 budget for the Research and Development appropriation decreases
by $12,500,000 to $190,000,000. The decrease reflects a phase out of research
programs that have yielded sufficient information to support well-established
regulatory programs, as well as those areas of control technology research where
industry is capable of applying the information generated by the Agency to date.
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
EPA requests $6,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation, which
finances the construction, repair, Improvement, extension, alteration, and purchase
of fixed equipment or facilities owned, as well as existing facilities occupied by
the Environmental Protection Agency. This is an increase $1,000,000 over the
1987 current estimate. The funds in 1988 will continue to ensure healthy and safe
conditions in EPA laboratories and prevent deterioration of our owned and leased
facilities.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS .
The 1988 President's Budget contains no new resources for the Construction
Grants program at this time. A budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 will be sub-
mitted once appropriate reform legislation is enacted. This program provides
grants to local public agencies for construction of municipal wastewater treatment
facilities to assist States and localities in attaining water quality standards.
With available prior year funds, emphasis will be maintained on expeditiously
completing and closing out projects. Bas6d on the Administration's revised legis-
lative proposal, the theme of the program continues to be the need to target funds
to the most environmentally significant projects and to have States and localities
move toward full resumption of responsibility for financing the construction of
wastewater treatment facilities.
S-3
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
The 1988 request Is $1,200,000,000 supported by 2,716.0 total workyears for
the Hazardous Substance Superfund. These funds and $378,600,000 In prior year funds
provide the Agency with $1,578,600,000 for 1988. The plan represents an
Increase of $455,500,000 and 300.0 workyears over the 1987 levels. This Increase
reflects the aggressive effort made to regain momentum after the 1986 slowdown. In
1988 these funds win be dedicated to expanding the number of sites where EPA will
undertake the final cleanup phase of remedial action; providing additional technical
and analytical support for the anticipated increase 1n remedial and removal actions;
expanding our enforcement activity to encourage settlements, recover costs and ac-
celerate Federal facility response actions; supporting ongoing activities of other
Federal agencies especially in health assessments; and expanding state and
public participation opportunities.
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
The 1988 President's Budget contains no new resources for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund. In 1987, Congress appropriated
$50,000,000 for this program. Under the Administration's two-year plan for the
implementation of the LUST Trust Fund, the Agency plans to obligate $25,000,000
in 1987 and carryover $25,000,000 Into 1988. These funds will be supported by
85.0 total workyears for both 1987 and 1988. This appropriation establishes a
response program for cleanup of releases from leaking underground storage tanks
that contain petroleum.
INCREASES FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM ANO 1988 PAY RAISE
In calendar year 1986, the Congress passed and the President signed legis-
lation enacting the new Federal Employee Retirement System {FERS) and a three
percent pay raise for civilian personnel. In 1987 the President's Budget
proposes a $22,400,000 transfer from the Research and Development and Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriations to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
to pay for these additional costs. The 1987 current estimate levels in the 1988
iltstlwcation for the Committees on Appropriations do not reflect these transfers.
The following table, by operating program appropriation, reflects these changes, as
they appear in the President's 1988 Budget Appendix.
Estimate Increase +
1987 with FERS Decrease -
Current Estimate and Pay Rai se 1988i _ys_ 1987
Salaries 8 Expenses $701,107,000 $723,507,000 +$22,400,000
Research 8 Development 202,500,000 191,500,000 -11,000,000
Abatement, Control & Compliance 585,685,000* 571,285,000 -11,400,000
Buildings S Facilities 5.000,000 5,000,000 iiJL-__
Operating Programs Subtotal.. $1,491,292,000 $1,491,292,000 0
* Does not reflect proposed rescission.
Once the reductions and increases are distributed by program element, a formal
explanation of the transfers will be furnished to the Committees on Appropriations.
Extra resources are also needed 1n 1988 to support FERS and the 1987 pay raise.
Our 1988 request for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation 1s $778,330,000, which
includes $44,331,000 for FERS and the 1987 pay raise.* To maintain consistency
within this (Justification, we have not included the $44,331,000 in the narratives
by media and program element. All of these funds will cover the Personnel, Compen-
sation and Benefits costs associated with FERS and the pay raise.
S-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL DPOTECTin« ARENCY
V)
tn
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority....
Obligations..
Outlays
Permanent Horkyears.
Total Workyears....,
Research and Development
Budget Authority..,...,
Obligations............
Outlays................
Abatement. Control
Authority,
and Compl1ance
Budget
Obligations.
Outlays.
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Author1ty
Obligations
Outlays....
Operations, Research and Facilities
Obligations.................
Outlays
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PR06RAHS
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars 1n thousands)
Actual
1986
$657,911.0
$654,437.1
$659,173.0
10,262.5
11,186.4
$210,660.0
$208,142.5
$192,342.0
Budget
Estimate
1987
$687,947.0
$687,947.0
$675,535.6
10,452.9
11,382.7
$192,734.0
$193,344.2
$204,026.9
$552,053.0 ' $490,785.0
C3565JLQ7.O $492,699.9
. $47~9,054."4 $532,473.7
$4,785.0
$3,560.7
$4,594.0
$290.0
$225.0
Budget Authority $1,425,109.0
Obligations $1,431,437.5
Outlays.. $1,335,388.4
Permanent Workyears..... 10,262.5
Total Horkyears, 11,186.4
$5,000.0
$7,600.0
$8,405.5
$300.0
$500.0
$1,376,466.0
$1,381,891.1
$1,420,941.7
10,452.9
11,382.7
Enacted
1987
$701,107.0
$701,107.0
$687,949.0
10,753.5
11,601.7
$202,500.0
$205,111.0
$203,337.4
$582,685.0
$583,808.0
$575,515.0
$7,500.0
$16,515.0
$4,994.0
$500.0
$550.0
$1,493,792.0
$1,507,041.0
$1,472,345.4
10,753.5
11,601.7
Current
Estimate
1987
$701,107.0
$701,107.0
$687,949.0
10,753.5
11,601.7
$202,500.0
$205,111.0
$203,337.4
$535,185.0
$538,308.0
$560,790.0
$5,000.0
$14,015.0
$4,768.9
$500.0
$550.0
Request
1988
$778,330.0a
$733,999.5
$759,368.0
11,459,7
11,459.7
$190,000.0
$190,302.0
$201,217.0
$515,085.3
$514,611.0
$546,962.0
$6,000.0
$5,880.0
$6,878.5
$500.0
$500.0
$1,443,792.0 $1,489,415.3
$1,459,041.0 $1,445,292.5
$1,457,395.3 $1,514,925.5
10,753.5 11,459.7
11,601.7 11,459.7
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ffi
Hazardous Substance Super fund
Obligations..... ..............
Out! ays
Payments to Hazardous Substance
Advances to Hazardous Substance
Obl1 gatl ons. . ...... ...........
Actual
1986
$261,300.0
$394,668.0
$434,979.0
1,511.3
1,642.8
Superfund
Superfund
...... ($198,000.0)
($198,000.0)
t $198-000.0}
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
Trust Fund
Obi 1 gatl ons
Out 1 ays ............*.«.......
Construction Grants
Obi 1 gat 1 ons * .................
Scientific Activities Overseas
Obligations..........
Outlays. .....................
Revolving Fund
Obligations ..................
Outlavs.
$1,774,200.0
...... $2,109,810.0
3,112,547.0
$127,0
...... $94.0
$835.0
-$312.0
Budget
Estimate
1987
$1,050,000.0
$1,252,000.0
$770,800.0
1,556.2
1,716.0
« *
* * *
* * *
($33,000.0)
($33,000.0)
($33,000.0)
$108,267.0
$2,355,200.0
$150.0
$342.0
$750.0
-$1.250.0
Enacted
1987
$1,411,300.0
$1,123,100.0
$550,000.0
2,220.2
2,416.0
* *
«
* *
* *
* *
$50,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.0c
$2,020,000.0
$2,600,000.0
$1,500.0
$200.0
$1,000.0
-$500.0
Current
Estimate
1987
$1,123,108.6
$1,123,100.0
$550,000.0
2,220.2
2,416.0
* * *
* *
* * *
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
$25,000.0b
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.0c
$2,020,000.0
$2,600,000.0
$1,500.0
$200.0
$1,000.0
-$500.0
Request
1988
$1,200,000.0
$1,578,600.0
$900,000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0
* * *
* *
* *
* *
«
v *
$25,660.0
$17,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2 ,000, 000. Od
$1,999,999.0
$2,320,000.0
$275.0
$1,000.0
-$500.0
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Budget Current
Actual Estimate Enacted Estimate Request
1986 1987 1987 1987 1988
H1sc. Contributed Funds
Obligations $39.0 $40.0 $30.0 $30.0 $10.0
Outlays $43.0 $25.0 $40.0 $40.0 $50.0
Reimbursements - Salaries and Expenses
Obit gatIons $15,875.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0
Permanent Workyears.. 57.2 53.0 62.0 62.0 62.0
Total Horkyears 63.2 S 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations....... $17,516.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $52,000.0
TOTAL. ENVIRONHENTAl PROTECTION AGENCY
Budget Authority.... $3,460,609.0 $2,426,466.0 $4,955,092.0 $4,591,900.6 $4,689,415.3
Obligations ..$3,970,307.5 $2,793,098.1 $4,727,671.0 $4,679,671.0 $5,121,901.5
Outlays $4,882,739.4 $4,546,058.7 $4,629,585.4 $4,614,635.3 $4,752,250.5
Permanent Horkyears 11,831.0 12,062.1 13,120.7 13,120.7 14,322.7
''Total Workyears... 12,892.4 13,160.7 14,164.7 14,164.7 14,322.7
aThis request Includes $44,331,000 In Budget Authority and $42,200,000 In related outlays for the Federal
Employees Retirement System (FERS) and the pay raise. The FERS and pay raise request Is reflected only In
this table and In the Special Analysis Section of this Justification.
bUnder the Administration's two-year plan far the Implementation of the LUST Trust Fund, the Agency plans to
obligate $25,000,000 1n 1987 and to carryover $25,000,000 Into 1988.
'»
cCongress appropriated $2,400,000,000 and made available $1,200,000,000. The President's Budget proposes
$800,000,000 for later transmlttal.
dThe President will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 upon enactment of appropriate reform
legislation.
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*
o
i
oo
& >' *3/t
w .?<<
J *
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Budget Current
Actual Estimate' Enacted Estimate Request
1986 1987 1987 1987 1988
Radiation
Budget Authority. .. $11,492.0 $11,972.0 $15,384.0 $15,388.9 $13,428.0
Obligations.. $13,184.0 $11,989.0 $15,267.0 $15,272.2 $13,440.0
Outlays. $12,998.2 $12,136.4 $13,552.2 $13,546.8 $13,820.1
Permanent Workyears 137.7 152.0 180.6 180.1 166.7
Total Workyears.... 151.2 157.0 185.7 185.2 166.7
Noise
Budget Authority.....
Obligations
Outlays $25.6 $184.7 $205.8 $205.9 $140.6
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority....... $55,655.4 $47,874.9 $55,449.8 $56,883.1 $54,608.5
Obligations $55,136.3 $48,043.0 $55,724.6 $57,144.7 $54,659.0
Outlays $52,678.0 $52,466.7X $57,888.8 $58,725.4 $56,174.2
Permanent Horkyears......* 503.9 544.3 576.7 584.0 602.2
<>> Total Horkyears 550.1 570.0 609.5 616.8 602.2
<£> ' . .
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority $136,280.3 $89,327.7 $138,604.1 $90,461.9 $83,091.7
Obligations $145,460.6 $90,523.0 $140,133.4 $94,049.0 $81,197.0
Outlays..... $110,420.6 $128,594.4 $137,308.0 $122,652.9 $103,617.1
Permanent Horkyears.,... 782.9 792.5 801.3 801.3 839.6
Total Horkyears 848.2 858.2 856,1 856.1 839.6
Energy
Budget Authority $57,447.6 $59,589.4 $59,465.6 $59,547.4 $58,866.6
Obligations $53,595.1 $59,613.0 $64,892.4 $64,972.0 $58,952.0
Outlays $57,651.1 $61,349.2 $60,645.1 $60,640.6 $62,672.5
Permanent Morkyears 83.6 77.2 85.1 85.1 82.6
Total Horkyears 92.9 85.8 85.6 85.6 82.6
Management and Support
Budget Authority. $282,688.0 $295,836.8 $300,153.2 $300,408.4 $323,983.5
Obligations $280,766.6 $296,137.1 $300,653.3 $300,908.4 $324,483.0
Outlays $282,086.9 $294,056.0 $309,608.7 $309,830.8 $318,510.0
Permanent Horkyears 2,601.3 2,581.8 2,611.0 2,611.0 2,822.0
Total Workyears... 2,868.3 2,832.9 2,853.7 2,853.7 2,822.0
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ts>
!-
O
Buildings and Facilities
Obligations
Out! ays ..............................
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Out! ays
Permanent Workyears ..................
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Obligations ,
Outlays..........
Payments to Hazardous Substance Superfund
Actual
1986
$4,785.0
$3,560.7
$4,594.0
$1,425,109.0
$1,431,437.8
$1,335,388.4
10,262.5
11,186.4
$261,300.0
$394,668.0
$434,979.0
1,511.3
1,642.8
* * *
Budget
Estimate
1987
$5,000.0
$7,600.0
$8,405.5
$1,376,466.0
$1,381,891.1
$1,420,941.7
10,452.9
11,382.7
$1,050,000.0
$1,252,000.0
$770,800.0
1,556.2
1,716.0
* * *
Enacted
1987
$7,500.0
$16,515.0
$4.994.0
$1,493,792.0
$1,507 041.0
$1 472 345.4
10,753.5
11,601.7
$1,411,300.0
$1 123,100.0
$550,000.0
2,220.2
2 416 0
Current
Estimate
1987
$5 000 0
$14 015 0
$4 768.9
$1 443,792.0
$1 459 041 0
$1 457*395 3
10,753.5
11 601.7
$1 123 108.6
$1 123 100 0
$550,000.0
2 220 2
2 416.0
Request
1988
$6 000 0
ts aon n
$6 878 5
$1,445,084.3
n445 292 0
$1 472 725 5
11,459.7
11 459.7
$1 200 000,0
$1 578 600 0
§900^000.0
2 716 0
2 716 0
Advancesto Hazardous Substance Superfund
Ob 1 1 gatl ons.
Outl ays »
Leaking Undert round Storage Tanks (LUST)
Trust Fund
Obligations.
Outl ays
Construction Grants
Obi 1 gatl ons
Outlays.
" ($198,000.0)
($198,000.0)
($198,000.0)
$1,774,200.0
$2,109,810.0
$3.112.547.0
($33,000.0)
($33.000.0)
($33.000.0)
4
$108,267.0
$2.355.200.0
$50,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.08
$2,020,000.0
$2.600.000.0
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
($635 400.0)
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.03
$2,020,000.0
$2.600.000.0
$25,000.0
$17,500,0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000,0b
$1,999,999.0
$2.320,000.0
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Budget Current
Actual Estimate Enacted Estimate Request
1986 1987 1987 1987 1988
Scientific Activities Overseas
Obligations... $127.0 $150.0 $1,500.0 $1,500.0
Outlays $94.0 $342.0 _ $200.0 $200.0 $275.0
Revolving Fund
Obligations. $835,0 $750.0 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 $1,000.0
Outlays -$312.0 -$1,250.0 -$500.0 -$500.0 -$500.0
Misc. Contributed Funds
Obligations $39.0 $40.0 $30.0 $30.0 $10.0
Outlays $43.0 $25.0 $40.0 $40.0 $50.0
Reimbursements - Salaries and Expenses
Obligations $15,875.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0
Permanent Workyears 57.2 53.0 62.0 . 62.0 62.0
Total Workyears.. 63.2 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0
c/» Reimbursements - Superfund
,L Ubhgations. $17,516.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $52,000.0
TOTAL. ENVIRONHENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Budget Authority ,. $3,460,609.0 $2,426,466.0 $4,955,092.0 $4,591,900.6 $4,645,084.30
Obligations $3,970,307.3d $2,793,098.1 $4,727,671.0 $4,679,671.0 $5,121,901.5
Outlays.. $4,882,739.4 $4,546,058.7 $4,629,585.4 $4,614,635.3 $4,710,050.5c
Permanent Workyears.... 11,831.0 12,062.1 13,120.7 13,120.7 14,322.7
Total Workyears........ 12,892.4 13,160.7 14,164.7 14,164.7 14,322.7
aCongress appropriated $2,400,000,000 and made available $1,200,000,000. The President's Budget proposes
$800,000,000 for later transmittal.
bThe President will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 upon enactment of appropriate reform
legislation.
cThls request does not include $44,331,000 in Budget Authority and $42,200,000 in related outlays for the Federal
Employees Retirement System (FERSj and the pay raise.
dThe obligations in this table are overstated by $300 due to rounding-errors when the obligations were
distributed by media.
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Air
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR / A-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ^
Air Quality Research... ft-9
Scientific Assessment, ,...» A-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.. A-16
Health Effects........ A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology. A-19
Environmental Processes and Effects.... A-20
Characterization, Transport and Fate.......... A-20
Stratospheric Modification...... A-22
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards ». A-24
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment...... A-27
Pollutant Strategies ft Air Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development A-30
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy.»«»« A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-34
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support A-36
Emissions 8 Fuel Economy Compliance..... A-37
State Programs Resource Assistance............ A-39
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)...,. A-41
Trai ning. A-43
Air.Quality Management Implementation...... ..%..... A-45
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment... A-49
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.....»..»».......,.,...... A-51
Air Quality & Emissions Data Management * Analysis A-53
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-56
Mobile Source Enforcement A-60
A-l
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AIR
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
.DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses ' $81,943.0 $84,208.4 $82,988.7 $82,684.3 $85,304.0 +$2,619.7
Abatement Control and $121,956.5 $117,828.0 $123,183.0 $123,183.0 $116,224.3 -$6,958.7
Compliance
Research & Development $43,221.5 $37,192.0 $39,534.4 $38,421.8 $39,519.4 +$1,097.6
TOTAL, A1r $247,121.0 $239,228.4 $245,706.1 $244,289.1 $241,047.7 -$3,241.4
PERMANENT NORKYEARS 1,646.9 1,660.2 1,694.5 1,690.4 1,765.7 +75.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,741.7 1,791.1 1,779.1 1,775.0 1,765.7 -9.3
OUTLAYS $231,319.9 $235,868.6 $236,870.3 $236,272.1 $243,866.6 +$7,594.5
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization for the Clean Air Art expired September 30, 1981.
Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program of air quality planning,
regulation, enforcement, and research for control of air pollution. The EPA
strategy for implementing the nationwide program is based on six major goals:
(1) reduce the risk of exposure to air toxics; (2) achieve National Ambient
A1r Quality Standards (NAAQSs) set to protect public health; (3) increase the
capacity and improve the effectiveness of State and local air pollution control
agencies; (4) develop the policy alternatives and strategy options available
to address acid deposition, stratospheric ozone depletion, and indoor air pollu-
tion; (5) develop and support programs to maintain Improvements in air quality;
and (6) conduct research to provide a strong scientific and technical basis for
regulatory programs.
Reduce RiskofExposureto Air Toxics
In 1988 EPA will continue to implement a comprehensive national strategy,
first announced in June 1985, for addressing both routine and accidental releases
of air toxics. The strategy Includes an enhanced and refocused Federal air toxics
program to address problems that are national 1n scope, a new program to help State
and local governments strengthen their capabilities to deal with air toxics problems
within their boundaries, and an expanded effort to devise strategies to reduce risk
from urban multi-source, multi-pollutant problems.
As part of the Federal air toxics program, EPA will list and regulate toxic
air pollutants under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Decisions for Federal
regulatory actions will be made for 10-12 compounds in 1988. EPA will also continue
to develop and promulgate National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs) for both new and existing sources. In 1988. EPA will have NESHAPs
under development for 16 hazardous pollutants, more than in any previous year.
In addition,-EPA will propose regulations for controlling toxic air emissions from
seven types of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. EPA's
Regional air program staff will provide support in delegating NESHAPs implementation
to States, in addressing air quality problems associated with Superfund sites on
the National Priority List, and in issuing the permits required by the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
EPA has determined that vehicle emissions are a major contributor to public
health risks from air toxics. In 1988 EPA will increase efforts to control toxic
emissions from motor vehicles and vehicle fuels. The success of the program for
reducing lead in vehicle fuels has prompted the makers of fuels to add new com-
ponents and additives. In 1988 EPA will take active steps to ensure that sub-
stitutes for lead do not contribute to emissions of hazardous air pollutants or
degrade the operation of motor vehicle emission controls. EPA will also give high
priority to technology assessments for new particulate control requirements for
heavy-duty diesel vehicle engines that become effective starting with the 1988
model year. The technology assessments are particularly important to help ensure
that manufacturers meet the technology-forcing standards that apply to buses begin-
ning in 1991 and to other vehicles beginning in 1994. In addition, EPA will
institute a recall program to enforce heavy-duty engine standards and will propose
to regulate the composition of diesel fuels for their effects on particulates.
As part of the program to help State and local governments strengthen their
toxics programs, EPA will continue to negotiate multi-year air toxic program
development plans with States and local agencies and provide increased support in
the development of these plans. EPA will also begin to stress implementation of
previous State and local commitments and to evaluate the effectiveness of selected
A-3
-------
programs. In addition, EPA will review State .and local compliance programs to
evaluate their effectiveness In addressing air toxic problems. Finally, EPA will
continue to provide support for Improving the understanding and control of urban
multi-pollutant, multi-source toxics problems.
Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide
The establishment of NAAQSs at levels that protect public health and prevent
other adverse effects has been the keystone of the national air quality program.
The need to revise NAAQSs 1s determined based on regular assessment of the most
accurate and up-to-date scientific data available on the health and other effects
of the various pollutants. In 1988 EPA will promulgate revised or reaffirmed
NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide and propose to revise or reaffirm the NAAQSs for lead.
EPA's strategy for achieving the NAAQSs centers on working with States to
complete and enforce the State Implementation Plans (SIPs) required by the Clean
Air Act. Although air quality has generally improved as a result of the measures
in SIPs, many of the SIPs have proven Inadequate to meet NAAQSs by statutory dead-
lines.
The NAAQS for ozone has proven the most difficult standard to meet. At least
35 of the over 50 large urban areas now 1n violation of the standard may not meet the
standard by December 1987. The affected population of these post-1987 nonattalnment
areas totals over 80 million. In 1988 EPA will give priority to strengthening
control of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to ozone formation.
The promulgation of primary and secondary NAAQSs for size-specific particulate
matter (PMjo) in 1987 will trigger a major restructuring of current programs for the
measurement and control of particulates. EPA and State and local agencies will
have to undertake a number of new activities during 1988 to implement the revised
NAAQSs.
A continued reduction in emissions from motor vehicles will be a major
factor in meeting NAAQSs, particularly the standards for ozone, carbon monoxide,
and nitrogen dioxide. To help ensure that manufacturers design and produce vehi-
cles that meet emission standards throughout their useful lives, EPA will maintain
a comprehensive Federal compliance program* This program Includes preproductlon
certification of emission control systems, selective enforcement audits at manufac-
turers" facilities, and recalls of Insufficiently controlled vehicles. In 1988
EPA will propose rules to tighten hydrocarbon standards for light-duty trucks.
Tampering with vehicle emission control systems and falling to properly main-
tain engines greatly Increase pollutant emissions. Federal efforts alone cannot
effectively address these problems. EPA will continue to work with State and local
governments to establish and maintain effective vehicle Inspection and maintenance
programs and anti-tampering programs.
In addition to remedying SIPs still Inadequate to meet NAAQSs and ensuring
compliance of in-use vehicles, the States and EPA will carry out a vigorous, com-
prehensive program aimed at achieving continuous compliance by stationary sources,
particularly major sources in or affecting areas not meeting the health-related
NAAQSs. The program will emphasize implementation of the "timely and appropriate"
guidance, and the Federally reportable violations guidance. In the enforcement of
SIPs, sources of VOCs affecting ozone levels in areas not meeting standards will
receive increased attention. Emissions from these sources are of concern, not
only because they contribute to unhealthful ozone levels, but also because their
components may be air toxics.
A-4
-------
Strengthen State and Local Programs
EPA will continue to support State and local air pollution control programs by
identifying obstacles to program effectiveness, providing direct program assistance,
facilitating information exchange, and maintaining national mom toriny and data
management systems. The National Air Audit System, used to identify obstacles- to
State and local control agency effectiveness and to help EPA define more efficient
and meaningful national programs, will continue on the biennial cycle begun in
1986. During 1988 selected State and key local agencies will be evaluated using
national criteria for five major program areas: air quality planning, new source
review, compliance assurance, air quality monitoring, and vehicle inspection,
maintenance, and anti-tampering. The results of the national audit will be used to
identify both the problems of individual State and local agencies and more generic
national problems.
During 1988, State and key local agencies, with the support of EPA Regional
Offices, will initiate the actions necessary to address the problems identified by
previous audits. Nationally, EPA will use the results of the summary reports from
previous audits to review and adjust priorities and resources to better support
State and local needs and achieve the desired environmental results.
Address Acid Deposition. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.,, and Indoor Air Pollution
In 1988 EPA will carry out an acid deposition program that includes accelerated
research and analyses of policy and implementation issues. The EPA Office of
Research and Development will continue to develop the scientific and technical
information required to respond to policy issues. The Office of Air and Radiation
will insure that research efforts are focused on policy information needs and will
review new research results for their policy implications. EPA will also continue 1n
1988 to work with States to analyze possible implementation issues associated with
enactment of an acid rain control program.
Section 157 of the Clean A1r Act requires EPA to issue regulations to reduce
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions if the Administrator of EPA determines that the
emissions endanger public health and the environment. In response to a suit brought
by the Natural Resources Defense Council, EPA developed and adopted a comprehensive
CFC action strategy. To carry out this strategy, EPA will focus on developing a
national and international consensus on the nature and magnitude of the CFC problem.
In 1988 EPA will announce a decision on the need for regulatory actions to control
CFCs.
Research by EPA and others indicates that health risks result from indoor
exposure to air pollutants, as well as ambient exposures. Although more research
is needed to better characterize the contribution of indoor air pollution to adverse
health effects, EPA 1s analyzing the policy Issues associated with addressing the
problem. In 1988 EPA will continue to examine how existing EPA programs can be
adjusted to reduce total exposure, indoor and ambient, to unhealthful air quality
and take appropriate follow-up actions.
Maintain A1r Quality
EPA, States, and local agencies must protect the gains made in improving
environmental quality. In 1988 EPA will continue to develop national, technology-
based New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) for all major source categories.
A total of 11 NSPSs will be promulgated. Work on one NSPS will continue and
developmental work will be initiated for two of the six remaining NSPS source
categories.
A-5
-------
Continue Research to Support... Regulatory Programs
In 1988 the Office of Research and Development will continue to provide health
and ecological effects data, monitoring methods and support, models, assessments,
emission reduction technologies, and quality assurance in support of the regulatory
and public information needs of the air program. Significant modifications to the
research program have been made to accommodate emerging priorities.
To support the Agency's goal of increasing compliance with ozone standards,
the current emphases of the research program on criteria pollutants Include ozone
and its precursors, particularly the development of control technology for VUCs and
urban and regional transport and fate models.
Recent evidence suggests that some forest die-back previously thought to
result from acid deposition may, in fact, be due to ozone. To Investigate this
further, a forest research program will begin in 1988 to determine the effect of
ambient ozone on growth rate, death, integrity, and other endpoints. This program
will concentrate on major species of commercially important deciduous and coniferous
trees.
In 1987 EPA Initiated two other major new research programs to address
potentially serious problems that are only now beginning to be understood. The
first of these is a program, coordinated with other Federal agencies* to study the
causes and effects of global warming and to determine what can be done to reverse
or curtail the process. This internationally important effort will be continued in
1988. The second program that began in 1987 is a multimedia research program to
study the potential problems associated with municipal waste incineration and
evaluate control measures. This program will continue 1n 1988.
A-6
-------
AIR
BUDGET
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1986 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
NationalAmbientAir
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative) ...... 6 6
Proposals* 0 1
Promulgations* 0 2
New Source Performance Standards
Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)....... 60 77
Proposals** 7 1
Promulgations**... 4 15
Nat i ona1 Emission Standards
forHazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative) 31 32
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)...... 6 7
Proposals**....,, 0 1
Promulgations** 4 2
Enforcement Actions -« StationarySources
Inspections 1,987 1,694
Notices of Violations 213 238
Administrative Orders...... . 135 131
Civil Litigation 180 121
Criminal Litigation 17 14
Enforcement Actions -- Mobile Sources
State and Local Tampering/
Fuel Switching Programs
(Cumulative) 32 37
Assembly Line Testing
Test Orders... 21 19
Recall Investigations 27 24
Notices of Violations
Tampering/Fuel Switching. 583 450
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
67
8
10
32
6
5
2
1,694
238
131
197
10
39
19
24
450
ESTIMATE
1988
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1988 vs 1987
78
0
11
47
15
3
4
1,694
238
131
197'
10
46
18
28
400
+11
-8
+1
+15
-2
+2
+7
-1
+4
-50
* Revisions or reaffirmatlons
** New source categories and revisions (for example, the two NESHAPs promulgations
in 1987 include one new source category and one revision)
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
. A-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research.......... A-9
Sc1 entlf1c Assessment A-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance...*.. A-16
Health Effects A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology......... A-19
Environmental Processes and Effects.,,.......,..,.,,....... A-20
Characterization, Transport and Fate..... A-20
Stratospheric Modification............ A-22
A-8
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987 -
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
>
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - A1r
Salaries * Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - A1r
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - A1r
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3,
$2,
$6,
$5,
$11,
$17,
$7,
$13,
$21,
$3,
$5,
$9,
420.3
606.8
027.1
972.2
464.3
436.5
304.5
961.5
266.0
900.8
741.5
642.3
$702.4
$1,
$1.
242.2
944.6
$2,801
$2,538
$5,339
$6,695
$10,702
$17,397
$8,204
$10,373
$18,577
$3,940
$3,514
$7,454
$668
$1,000
$1,668
.1
.0
.1
.4
.0
.4
.6
.0
.6
.0
.0
.0
.4
.0
.4
$2,711.7
$2,408.4
$5,120.1
$6,543.4
$11,266.8
$17,810.2
$7,882.8
$12,930.3
$20,813.1
$3,321.3
$3,241.4
$6,562.7
$640.1
$964.0
$1,604.1
$2
$2
$5
$6
$11
$17
$7
$12
$20
$3
$2
$6
$1
,710
,369
,079
,430
,030
,461
,827
,647
,475
,297
,919
,216
$629
$951
,580
.5
.0
.5
.6
.9
.5
.6
.9
.5
.4
.2
.6
.4
.0
.4
$2
$2
$5
$6
$9
$15
$8
$12
$21
,786
,468
,254
,582
,093
,675
,470
,675
,145
$3,414
$3
$6
$1
$2
,188
,602
$764
,976
,741
.3
.3
.6
.1
.0
.1
.4
.5
.9
.2
.5
.7
.4
.7
.1
$75.8
$99.3
$175.1
$151.5
-$1,937.9
-$1 ,786.4
$642.8
$27.6
$670.4
$116.8
$269.3
$386.1
$135.0
$1,025.7
$1,160.7
-------
AIR
A1r Quality Research
ACTUAL
1986
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
A1r
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Stratospheric
Modification Program
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$3,868
$7,484
$11 ,352
$721
$721
.1
.0
.1
.2
.2
$3,7S3
$8,170
$11,923
$895
$895
a
.0
.1
.0
.0
$3
$7
$11
$1
,675.1
,854.9
,530.0
$150.0
$868.6
,018.6
$3,547
$7,646
$11,194
$175
$856
$1,032
.2
.9
.1
.3
.9
.2
$3,772.3
$7,243.3
$11,015.6
$153.7
$2,874.1
$3,027.8
$225
-$403
-$178
-$21
$2,017
$1,995
.1
.6
.5
.6
.2
.6
T TOTAL:
S , Salaries S Expenses $25,168.3 $26,062.6 $24,924*4 $24,618.0 $25,943.4 $1,325.4
Research & Development $43,221.5 $37,192.0 $39,534.4 $38,421.8 $39,519,4 $1,097.6
Air Quality Research TOTAL $68,389.8 $63,254.6 $64,458.8 $63,039.8 $65,462.8 $2,423.0
PERMANENT KORKTEARS
Scientific Assessment - 59,6 53,7 52.1 52.1 54.3 2.2
A1r
Monitoring Systems And 114.7 107.2 119.6 118.6 118.0 -.6
Quality Assurance - A1r
Health Effects - Air 105.2 118.6 128.8 126.7 126.8 .1
-------
AIR
A1r Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Env1ronmental Processes
And Effects - A1r
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
73.9 66.3 60.1
9.9
59.1
7.3
55.6
7.3
59.2
3.0
60.1
7.3
58.2
3.0
60.3
14.3
60.0
3.0
.2
7.0
1.8
422.4
408.7 430.1 426.0 436.7
10.7
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - A1r
Health Effects - Air
Env1ronmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
62.5
116.1
116.9
75.9
56.8
123.2
54.3
120.4
133.6 128.8
72.5 60.3
54,3
119.4
126.7
60.3
54.3
118.0
126.8
60.3
-1.4
.1
-------
AIR
A1r Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 ' 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Processes 12.9 12.3 12.3 12.3 14.3 2.0
And Effects - A1r
Characterization, 64,6 61.7 60.0 59.0 60,0 1.0
Transport And Fate -
A1r
Stratospheric 3.0 3.0 3.0
Modification Program
TOTAL HORKYEARS 448.9 460.1 439.1 43S.O 436,7 1.7
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary NAAQS
1988: o Hunan experimental dosimetry studies of oxidant gases (Health)
o Journal article on effects of ambient soil moisture changes on estimates
of crop loss due to ozone (Eny. Processes)
1987: o Interim report on establishment and preliminary results of the Eastern
Visibility Network (Monitoring)
o Journal articles on pulmonary function and symptoms in asthmatic volun-
teers exercising in sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid (Health)
o Addendum to Air Quality Criteria Document on PM/SOX (Sci. Assessment)
1986: o Journal articles on the effects of air pollution on symptoms, lung function
and lung function growth of children (Health)
o Final air quality criteria documents for ozone and lead (Sci . Assessment)
Objective 2; Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs
1988: o Report on important chemical mechanisms for ozone air quality models
(Charact. .& Transport)
o Report on performance of solid sorbents for removal of VOC mixtures repre-
sentative of small dispersed sources (Engineering)
1987; o Users" guide for evaluating the complex terrain model for stable plume
impaction (Charact. 8 Transport)
o Report on fundamental and bench scale evaluation of promising spray-
drying/dry injection sorbents and additives (Engineering)
1986: o Users guide for an air quality model using new dispersion techniques
(Charact, & Transport)
o Interim report on VOC destruction efficiency of Industrial flares
(Engineering)
Obective 3; Provide Scientific Support to Develop Reulations for lazardous Air
1 '
1988; o Nationally oriented prevention reference 'manuals for three to six high-
hazard air toxics (Engineering)
o Dosimetry of volatile organic compounds (Health)
1987: o Completion of five health assessment documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on development of new sampling and analysis techniques for ambient
HAPs (Monitoring)
1986; o Report on a total exposure assessment study of VOCs (Monitoring)
o Completion of 12 Her I health effects summaries (Sci. Assessment)
o Journal articles on mutagenicity, card nogeni city and DNA dosimetry of
polycyclic organic matter from air (Health)
A-13
-------
Objective 4: Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulator'^ Program
1988: o Article on the emission rates of gaseous hydrocarbons during refueling
(Charact. & transport)
o Status report of population exposure activities (Monitoring)
1987: o Article on the impact of methanol fuel on evaporative emissions (Charact.
& Transport)
1986; o Completion of model of human exposures inside vehicles on highways
(Monitoring)
Objective 5: Provide Scientific Data to Determinethe Impact of the Quality of
Globaland Micro-environments on Public Health andthe Environment
1988: o Report on organic emissions of indoor materials and factors affecting
emission rates and composition (Engineering)
1987; o Briefing to risk assessment community on organic emissions (Engineering)
o Agency briefing on nature of UV-B changes in competitive balance and
mechanisms Involved (Strat. Mod.)
o Research Needs Assessment and Report to Congress on Indoor Air and Radon
Research required by Title IV of Superfund Amendments (Monitoring, Health
and Engineering)
1986: o Journal article on dose-response of marine ecosystems to UV-B radiation
simulating 0-15% stratospheric ozone depletion (Strat. Mod.)
A-14
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AIR
Air Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $65,462,800 supported by 436.7 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $2,423,000 and an increase of 1.7 total workyears from
1987. Of the request, $25,943,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $39,519,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation,
increases of $1,325,400 and $1,097,600, respectively.
Program Description
This research program provides the research and technical support necessary to
enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and information transfer responsibil-
ities under the Clean Air Act. The following objectives support these efforts:
Objective 1. Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary NAAQS.TKTsresearchprogram provides the scientific dataneeded to
issue and revise national standards for emissions of criteria pollutants.
pbjecti ve 2. Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPSand SIPs. This re-
sea rcTTsiippioHsissuance and revisionof NewSource PerformanceStandards and
State Implementation Plans through development of models and monitoring techniques
for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.
Objective3. Provide Scientific Supportto Develop Regulations forHazardous
AirPollutants.Underthis objective EPA conducts research toidentify andcontrol
emissions of air pollutants from a variety of sources that are hazardous to human
health but are not already regulated as criteria pollutants.
Objective 4/_ Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Sourcei Regulatory
PrograilThisresearch evaluates the emission and exposure patterris and health
effects of mobile source pollutants,
ObjectiveJ5. Proyije^cientjfic Data to Determine the Impact of the Quality
of GlobaTlinci Mcro-enyiro^ an_d"jfteT'Enyijri?h!iient.. This pro-
gram supports research .on global envlronmental prbblems such as atmospheric and
meteorological changes and the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Indoor air
research is also conducted under this objective.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,254,600 supported by 54.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,786,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,468,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $75,800 and $99,300, respectively, and no change in
total workyears. The overall increase reflects enhanced support for the in-house
program to assess the risks of hazardous air pollutants and a new focus on assessing
health risks from toxic mobile source pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to DevelopandReview Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Eva1uatTorisTwill be conducted to support the development of NAAQS for ozone and
other photochemical oxidants and lead. Activities to revise the criteria documents
will continue, and new information will be gathered to support revision of the
criteria document for particulate matter and sulfur oxides (PM/SOX).
A-15
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Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants"Finalcomprehensive health assessment documents will be completed for two
to four chemicals and external review drafts will be prepared for three to six
chemicals. Four to eight Tier 1 screening documents will be initiated and three
to six screening documents will be initiated.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,079,500 supported by 54.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,710,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,369,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation. An
addendum to the PM/SOX criteria document has been initiated. Criteria documents for
carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, lead, and ozone are tn varying stages of revi-
sion. Five final health assessment documents and 12 Tier 1 summaries are being
completed.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $40,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$40,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and a net decrease of $39,400 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,027,100 supported by 62.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,420,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,606,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The final air quality criteria document'for ozone was completed. An addendum to
the lead criteria document was prepared to consider blood lead/blood pressure
relationships.
* " »
HONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,675,100 supported by 118.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,582,100 will be for the 'Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $9,093,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $151,500 and a decrease of $1,937,900, respectively,
and a decrease of 1.4 total workyears. The Increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects enhanced support to the in-house program for monitoring of hazardous air
pollutants. The decrease In Research and Development reflects a lessened emphasis
on criteria pollutant quality assurance and ambient and source monitoring methods
development, since many of these methods are sufficiently developed to allow some
phase down of support to the regulatory program.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Ambient monitoring systems will continue to be evaluated, improved, and standard-
ized. Field evaluations of improved automatic monitors will continue. Efforts to
develop methods for accurate measurement of actual human exposures will continue.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. The precision and ac-
curacy of monitoring methods for measuring criteria air pollutant emissions will
be evaluated and improved. Reference and equivalent methods will be prepared for
use by regional, state, and local testing laboratories.
A-16
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Provide Scientific^ Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants. Research to develop. evaluate and standardize monitoring systems for meas-
uring potential hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the ambient air and from sources
will continue. The Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS) will provide data on the
presence, concentration and sources of HAPs to augment studies of long-term pol-
lutant trends. Field use of the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) will
be continued.
Provide i Sclent 1 f 1 c LA^PPJ°J^__. J»° A^- Jfo-^-le Source Regiil atory Program . The
carbon monoxide human exposure model wTTT be val 1 dated with exi sti ng data bases.
Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Impact of the Quality of Global and
fflcroHenyi ronments on Public Health and the Environment* As part of the Agency ' s
mtnittdllscipiThary research program on indoor air pollution, methods are being
developed and applied to monitor pollutant exposure resulting from personal activ-
ities. The approach to be taken will be based on the results of a research needs
assessment to be completed in 1987.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $17,461,500 supported by 119.4
total workyears for this program, of which $6,430,600 1s from the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $11,030,900 is from the Research and Development appropria-
tion, The criteria pollutant monitoring program focuses on developing and standard-
izing methods for measuring particulates. TEAM is being used to study human expo-
sure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). TAMS will support efforts to determine
the presence and concentration of non-criteria pollutants. Human activity pattern
exposure models are being developed, refined, and field tested. An indoor air
research needs assessment is being conducted for use in developing a detailed
interdisciplinary research plan.
1987 Explanation _of . _Cha_njes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $348,700 results from the following actions:
-ReprograTiiml ngs . (-$348,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $112,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $235,900 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $17,436,500 supported by 116.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,972,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,464,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Several advanced HAP monitoring techniques were evaluated. Validated TAMS data were
Incorporated into the Agency's air toxics data base. Results of a TEAM study of VOC
exposure were reported comparing Indoor to outdoor exposures to various compounds.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1 988 Program, Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,145,900 supported by 126.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,470,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $12,675,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $642,800 and $27,600, respectively, and an increase of
A-17
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0.1 total workyears* The overall increase reflects enhanced support of in-house
and extramural studies of the health effects of hazardous atr pollutants, and new
in-house resources for the mobile sources program.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS-
Animal, cllnTcal and epidemic! ogical studies, including acute and chronic exposure
studies, will be conducted to provide data necessary to re-evaluate and refine
NAAQS. Emphasis will be on respiratory, biochemical and immune! oglcaV effects of
oxidants, S02 and particles. Experimental and theoretical modeling of respiratory
tract deposition and uptake will be performed. Epidemiology will focus on chronic
cardlopulmonary effects. Research on carbon monoxide will focus on chronic cardio-
pulmonary and neurobehavioral effects. The Health Effects Institute will conduct
studies of the health effects of NOX, SOX» carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
Pro vi de Sclent If 'T, c Support to Develop Regul ati ons for Hazardous A1 r Pol lu-
t ant si Methods development work wi 1 1 6e 1 ncreased to'TdeWi fy tbxi c poll utants
which pose the greatest health risks. Tier bioassays will be expanded to assess
genetic and teratogenic effects of vapor phase mixtures. Under the Integrated Air
Cancer Program, the Boise, Idaho, study will be completed. Emissions from municipal
waste Incinerators will be studied to determine their health effects.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source RjBj^lj^tjjr^ProjQiram. An in-
house program to study the adverse health effects of fuel SS3 fuel additives will
begin. Additional work in this area will be performed by the Health Effects
Institute.
Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Impact of Global and Micro-environ-
ments onl^^ubllc Health and the Environment. As part of the Indoor air research
program, Studies Wri be done on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke
and combustion appliances. The specific approach will be based on the research
needs assessment*
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $20,475,500 supported by 126.7
total workyears for this program, of which $7,827',600 1s from the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $12,647,900 is from the Research and Development appropria-
tion. Emphasis in criteria pollutant research is on respiratory, cardiovascular,
metabolic, immunoloiic and neurobehavioral effects on susceptible subpopulations.
Research is underway on health effects associated with emissions from municipal waste
incinerators. Dosimetry methods for indoor air pollutants are being developed.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
The net decrease of $337,600 results from the following actions;
"Reprogranniings. (-$337,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional repfogramurinf limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $55,200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $282,400 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Acconpl 1 jhments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $21,266,000 supported by 116.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,304,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $13,961,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
An article describing progress under the cooperative research program with China,
a study of lead toxicity, and two clinical studies of asthmatics exposed to
A-18
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were completed. Woodstove emission samples caused skin tumors in a tumor promotion
assay, further supporting the theory that woodsmoke emissions are carcinogenic.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,602,700 supported by 60.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,414,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,188,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents Increases of $116,800 and $269,300, respectively, and no change in
total workyears* These increases reflect enhanced support for the in-house and
extramural programs for the control of hazardous air pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs* HO- research will con-
tinue on the application of reburning in coalfirecT industrial boilers. The VOC
research program continues to focus on generic control systems (e.g. flares, carbon
adsorption and catalytic oxidation) and process modifications to support the regu-
latory program, regions, states and local agencies.
Provide Scientific Support toDevelopRegulations for Hazardous AirPollu-
tants. Expanded research to characterize and control emissions from municipal waste
incinerators will be undertaken. NESHAP development research will continue, empha-
sizing the effect of transient source conditions on the performance of toxic organic
compound controls. An increased number of prevention reference manuals for acci-
dental releases of toxic compounds will be prepared, to assist regions and states
in preventing such releases and reducing hazards in the event such releases occur.
Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Impact of the Quality of Global and
Micro-environments on Public Health and the Environment!As part of the integra-
ted i ndoor air research program, studies wi 11 be conducted to characterize emis-
sions from materials and furnishings, as well as from ventilation, heating and
cooling sources*
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,216,600 supported by 60.3
total workyears for this program, of which $3,297,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,919,200 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Research continues to assess control technology options for VOCs, S0~
and NO,, emissions. A municipal waste combustion research program has been initiated
to assist in the development of possible regulatory strategies. Research on wood
stove catalysts and indoor air pollution source characterization continue.
1987Explanation ofChanges.fromthe Enacted Level
The net decrease of $346,100 results from the following actions:
-Rejarogranmjinjs. (-$346,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reporting limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $23,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and a net decrease of $322,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accompl i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $9,642,300 supported by 75.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,900,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,741,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A-19
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User manuals for electrostatic precipitators were developed. Improved calcium
sorbents were evaluated for Improved S02 control.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,741,100 supported by 14.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $764,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,976,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $135,000 and $1,025,700, respectively, and an increase
of 2.0 total workyears. The increases reflect establishment of a new research
program on the effects of ozone on forests.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary.and Secondary NAAQS.
The economic impact of crop damage due to ozone will be studied,Research will be
initiated to assess the risk from ozone on major coniferous and deciduous tree
species, particularly those .of commercial value, as a result of new scientific
evidence indicating that ozone may be a serious threat to forest resources.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,580,400 supported by 12.3
total workyears for this program, of which $629,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $951,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The importance of ozone exposure when combined with water stress, in-
cluding soil moisture levels, is being assessed in major crops, to determine their
effect on growth and yield. EPA is also sponsoring an International Conference on
Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $23,700 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammlngs. (-$23,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprograraming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $10,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $13,000 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,944,600 supported by 12.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $702,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,242,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Analysis of the ozone data from the National 'Crop Loss Assessment Network showed
that substantial dollar losses could be attributed to ozone damage and that water
stress influenced the results. Field studies were initiated to quantify the
effects of water stress.
CHARACTERIZATION, TRANSPORT AND FATE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,015,600 supported by 60.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,772,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,243,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
A-20
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This represents an increase of $225,200 and a decrease of $403,600, respectively,
and an Increase of 1.0 total workyear. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects enhanced support for the in-house model development program for hazardous
air pollutants. The decrease in Research and Development reflects decreased em-
phasis on criteria pollutant modeling activities where past research has produced
much of the information needed to support current regulatory activities.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NftAQS.
Studies willdetermine the contribution of varioustypes offineparticlesto
visibility reduction and identify the sources of these particles. Studies of
paint soiling by particles will continue. A risk assessment of materials damage
will be produced.
Provide Scientific Supportto Deyejpp NSPS and SIPs. A chemical model to
predict ambient ozone formation["win be disseminated for use in regional and urban
air quality models. The regional oxidant model will be simplified. Protocols
will be developed to measure photochemical reactivity of selected VOCs. The Euler-
ian Regional Particulate Model will be expanded. Chemistry and dispersion compo-
nents of urban particle models will be developed and evaluated. The model for S02
dispersion over complex terrains will be expanded to account for leeside terrain
Impingement, Cooperative studies with China will continue to model pollution
dispersion and cloud chemistry.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants^Research will continue to determine lifetimes, fate and transformation pro-
ducts of HAP pollutants and to quantify the formation of mutagenic pollutants
1n the atmosphere from innocuous compounds. Research will continue to quantify
HAPs 1n urban atmospheres. A new effort to study complex mixtures of urban pol-
lutants and atmospheric transformations will be initiated using smog chamber
studi es.
Provide Scientific Support to. the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. Research
will be conducted toevaluate the impact of improvedtechnology on evaporative and
refueling emissions. Apportionment studies will continue to determine the contri-
bution, of mobile sources to urban pollution. Heavy-duty dlesel truck and bus
emissions will be studied, with emphasis on the Impact of emerging participate
emission control devices.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,194,100 supported by 59.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,547,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,646,900 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The emphasis on air quality modeling studies on ozone, inhalable
particulate matter, and HAPs continues. New research is beginning on global cli-
mate change and stratospheric and tropospheric ozone modification. For S02, the
first generation complex terrain dispersion model will be delivered,
1987 ExplanationofChanges from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $335,900 results from the following actions:
-Reprograimninps. (-$335,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogranming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $127,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $208,000 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
A-21
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1 986 Accomp 11 shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $11,352,100 supported by 64.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,868,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,484,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A users guide was completed for an air quality model which uses new dispersion
techniques. Laboratory studies were completed to predict atmospheric lifetimes and
transformation products of selected HAPs. Research was conducted to characterize
organic emissions from motor vehicles operated at reduced temperatures.
STRATOSPHERIC HODIFICATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,027,800 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $153,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,874,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation*
This represents a decrease of $21,600 and an increase of $2,017,200, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The overall increase reflects extramural
support for a new interagency research program on global warming,
Provide Scientific Pafe ta Deterjrtne the Imact of the Quality erf Global and
Micjg-envirgnments orLj'ublTQte^ In con junction with other
agencies, ORO will determine^ the extent to which atmospheric trace gases affect
stratospheric ozone concentrations and how increased ultraviolet light may impact
human health, the environment and important food chains. Research will be accel-
erated on the development, validation and use of global tropospheric/stratospheric
chemistry models to predict the impacts of changes in trace gases, temperature and
humidity on global climate and the resulting effects on health and welfare. Results
will be incorporated Into an international strategy for dealing with trace gases
which affect climate. Effects of global warming on crops, marine and terrestrial
systems, and other biota will be estimated.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,032,200 supported by 3.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $175,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $856,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation. Re-
search on global warming has been Initiated and a coordinated research strategy is
being prepared. Selected effects of ultraviolet radiation are being examined. Con-
trol technology studies are beginning on atmospheric release of chlorofluorocarbons.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $13,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi n gs . (+$13,600) Several reprograumrings were wade to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reporting limitations. These
changes resulted in a net increase of $25,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and a net decrease of $11,700 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $721,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Research and Development appropriation. Several high priority
sources of ozone-depleting substances were identified,, National and international
workshops were held on control strategies and a workshop was held on nitrous
oxide emissions from combustion. :
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ASENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
ftir duality & Stationary Source Planning A Standards..... » A-24
Emission Standards 8 Technology Assessment. A-27
Pollutant Strategies X Air Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development........ A-30
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization...... A-34
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support... A-36
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance. A-37
State Programs Resource Assistance A-39
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section IDS Grants).,... A-41
Training , A-43
Air Quality Management Implementation....... A-45
Trends Monitoring X Progress Assessment..... A-49
Ambient A1r Quality Monitoring,..,.,....., A-5J,
A1r Quality A Emissions Data Management & Analysis A-53
A-23
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AIR
Mr Quality & Stationary Source Planning 8 Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards *
Technology Assessment
Salaries & Expenses $5,005.7 $5,101.5 $5,271.5 $5,271.5 $5,266.5 -$5.0
Abatement Control and $9,826.7 $8,243.3 $8,543.3 $8,543.3 $7,579.7 -$963.6
Compllance
TOTAL $14,832.4 $13,344.8 $13,814.8 $13,814.8 $12,846.2 -$968.6
Pollutant Strategies &
A1r Standards
Development
Salaries & Expenses $4,204.9 $4,164.4 $4,483.8 $4,483.8 $4,362.7 -$121.1
Abatement Control and $2,411.3 $3,107.0 $8,107.0 $8,107.0 $2,935.0 -$5,172.0
Compl1ance
TOTAL $6,616.2 $7,271.4 $12,590.8 $12,590.8 $7,297.7 -$5,293.1
State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
Salaries & Expenses $2,265.4 $2,265.4 $2,265.4 $2,265.4 $2,427.6 $162.2
Abatement Control and $480.3 $505.7 $505.7 $505.7 $477.7 -$28,0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,745.7 $2,771.1 $2,771.1 $2,771.1 $2,905.3 $134.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,476.0 $11,531.3 $12,020.7 $12,020.7 $12,056.8 $36.1
Abatement Control and $12,718.3 $11,856.0 $17,156.0 $17,156.0 $10,992.4 -$6,163.6
Compliance
Air Quality S TOTAL $24,194.3 $23,387.3 $29,176.7 $29,176.7 $23,049.2 -$6,127.5
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
-------
KIR
A1r Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
i
r>»
01
Emission Standards 8
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies &
Air Standards
Development
State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
100.1
77.6
45.8
98.7 101.7 101.7 108.5
87,8
40.1
93.8
40.1
91.8
42.1
92.4
47.9
3.8
.6
5.8
223.4 226.6 235.6 235.6 245.8 10.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies ft
A1r Standards
Development
State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
103.3 105.5 108.5 108.5 105.5 -3.0
83.0 91,4 97.4 95.4 92.4 -3.0
47.1 45.9 45.9 47.9 47.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
233.4 242.8 2S1.8 251.8 245.8 -6.0
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,049,200 supported by 245.8 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $6,127,100 and 6.0 total workyears from 1987. Of the
request, $12,056,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$10,992,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $36,100 and a decrease of $6,163,600, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactlvity include:
EmissionStandards and Technology Assessment This program provides for the
establishment, review, and revision of national emission standards for stationary
sources under Sections 111 and 112 of the Clean Air Act. Section 111 requires EPA
to establish New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs). Section 112 authorizes
National Emission Standards for Hazardous A1r Pollutants (NESHAPs).
NSPSs reflect the performance of the best demonstrated control systems for
reducing emissions. The standards are set taking into consideration technical
feasibility and cost, as well as economic, energy, and environmental impacts. The
background information published as part of the process for setting NSPSs provides
useful data for State agencies in defining best available control technology, which
must be done under other sections of the Clean A1r Act.
NESHAPs are set at levels to protect the public from pollutants that cause or
contribute to air pollution that results in an increase in mortality or an increase
in serious Irreversible or Incapacitating illness.
Pollutant Strattfgies and Air Standards Deye 1 opment Th'e major activities of
this program i ridude: (I) regu1ar review and revision, as appropriate, of all
existing National Ambient A1r Quality'Standards' (NAAQSs); (2) identification and
assessment of potential hazardous air pollutants, including the determination as to
the appropriateness of a listing under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act; and (3)
the overall coordination, development, and review of air policies and strategies
including work oft air toxics and on emerging issues such as acid deposition,
stratospheric ozone depletion, and Indoor air pollution.
State Program PolicySuldelines andRegulationsDevelopment This program
includes: (1} developmentof guidelinesand regulations that set forth require-
ments for air pollution control programs implemented by the States under the Clean
A1r Acti and (2) overview of the development and implementation of State and local
air pollution control programs. The State and local programs provide for the
attainment and maintenance of NAAQSs, reduction of air toxics, prevention of signi-
ficant deterioration of air quality 1n clean air areas, and the protection of
visibility in national parks and wilderness areas. The national program management
carried out under this program helps ensure consistency among EPA Regional Offices,
States, and local agencies in carrying out the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
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EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOL06Y ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,846,200 supported by 105.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,266,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $ 7,579,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents decreases of $5,000 and $ 963,600, respectively, and a
decrease of 3.0 total workyears. These decreases reflect the completion of some of
the preliminary NESHAPs development activities underway in 1987.
The major program emphasis in 1988 will continue to be reductions in air
toxics, including NESHAPs development to control toxics emissions, source assess-
ments to support Section 112 listing decisions for potentially hazardous pollu-
tants, and implementation support to State air toxics programs. During 1988
NESHAPs promulgations will include asbestos revision (demolition and renovation),
coke ovens (wet charging and topside leaks), benzene (final furnace coolers), and
hazardous organics. NESHAPs proposals include chromium sources (electroplating and
industrial cooling towers) and municipal incinerators. Continuing NESHAPs work
Includes further development of new standards for sources of butadiene, carbon
tetrachloride, cadmium, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, methylene
chloride, chloroform, perch! oroethylene, ethylene oxide, industrial wastewater
(multi-pollutant source), and chromium; screening studies for short-term organic
sources in support of Notice of Intent to List decisions; and initial regulatory
development work for two unspecified new pollutants for which regulatory decisions
will be published 1n 1987 or 1988.
In 1988 NSPS development will continue. This includes the promulgation of 11
new NSPSs, covering ten additional priority list categories. No NSPS proposals are
planned. Work on one NSPS will continue and developmental work will be initiated
for two of the six remaining NSPS priority list source categories.
Technology assessment in 1988 provides implementation support for State air
pollution programs, primarily those to reduce oione. This will include Control
Technology Documents for sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,814,800 supported by 108.5
total workyears to this program, of which $5,271,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,543,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987 NSPS development continues. Eight proposals (eight new standards; no
revisions) and 10 promulgations (seven new standards; three revisions) covering
seven additional priority list source categories are scheduled for 1987, In addi-
tion, three reviews are being completed. Other activity includes continued develop-
mental work on two priority list NSPSs, the completion of a Control Technique Docu-
ment for lead, and implementation support to States for ozone State Implementation
Plan (SIP) development.
Proposals for five NESHAPs (asbestos demolition and renovation revision,
chromium comfort cooling towers, benzene final furnace coolers, coke ovens wet
charging and topside leaks, and hazardous organic NESHAPs) are scheduled in 1987.
Twp NESHAPs, one for benzene coke oven by-products, and one for mercury (revision)
are scheduled for promulgation. Source assessments for 14 compounds are being
completed to support listing decisions In 1987. Ongoing NESHAPs work includes
development of standards for sources of chromium (electroplating and industrial
cooling towers), municipal incinerators, butadiene, carbon tetrachloride, cadmium,
A-27
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ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, perchloro-
ethylene, ethylene oxide, and industrial wastewater; and screening studies for
short-term organic sources. Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy,
implementation support is also being provided to State air toxic pollution control
programs. This support is being provided through an air toxics control technology
center (CTC) in cooperation with the Office of Research and Development to provide
direct engineering support to State and local agencies in solving air toxics con-
trol problems. Activities include provision of control technology documents,
workshops, and special engineering analyses.
1987 Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $ 14,832,400 supported by 103.3 total
workyears, of which $5,005,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$9,826,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
contract resources were used to continue work related to setting standards for
NSPSs and NESHAPs.
In 1986 work continued on setting NSPSs for source categories on EPA's
priority 11st. NSPS activity Included: proposal of five new standards and two
revisions; promulgation of one new standard covering one additional priority list
source category and three revisions; and completion of one review of an existing
NSPS.
NESHAPs for three sources of arsenic and revisions to the existing vinyl
chloride NESHAPs were promulgated during 1986. NESHAPs developmental work con-
tinued in 1986 (three sources of chromium, asbestos revision, butadiene, carbon
tetrachloride, cadmium, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride,
chloroform, perch!oroethylene, ethylene oxide, coke ovens (wet charging and topside
leaks), benzene coke by-product plants, mercury revision, municipal incinerators,
industrial wastewater, and hazardous organic sources. In addition, source
assessments for 15 chemical compounds were completed.
POLLUTANT STRATEGIES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,297,700 supported by 92.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,362,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,935,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $121,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $5,172,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and a decrease of 3.0 total workyears. The decreases reflect (1)
completion in 1987 of the initial work needed to make regulatory decisions on
chloroflourocarbons and to initiate necessary follow-up analysis; and (2) comple-
tion in 1987 of initial global climate change studies.
Promulgation of a revised or reaffirmed NAAQS for sulfur oxides is planned
for 1988. Also in 1988, a revised or reaffirmed NAAQS for lead is scheduled to be
proposed. Work will continue on a new fine particle secondary NAAQS. Work on
review of the NAAQS for ozone will be nearing completion and the next round of
reviews of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide NAAQSs will be underway. The
program will continue to provide a key role in implementing the National Air Toxics
Strategy. Preliminary screening and assessment of new pollutants will continue and
regulatory decisions will be published for 10-12 new compounds in 1988. The pro-
A-28
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gram will also continue to support NESHAPs development by providing health, expo-
sure, and risk analyses. Also In 1988, the pollutant assessment program will be
shifting some attention to pollutants with noncarcinogenlc effects. The program
will also continue Its lead role in development and Implementation of the Agency's
policies on air toxics control, including 1ntra-agency toxics coordination and use
of non-NESHAPs authorities to reduce air toxics. These activities implement the
direct Federal regulatory program set forth in the National Air Toxics strategy and
will focus on pollutants and source categories that frequently produce maximum
lifetime risks. Also In 1988, continued support will be provided to States through
the operation and enhancement of the Air Toxics Clearinghouse and provision of
materials, guidance, and assistance to implement the program for addressing high-
risk, non-NISHAPs point sources. Other activities include the overall coordina-
tion, development, and review of air policies and strategies, including continued
analyses of acid rain policy and implementation Issues, and of actions needed to
protect stratospheric ozone. IPA will also continue to analyze the policy issues
associated with addressing indoor air pollution.
1987 Program
In 198? the Agency is allocating a total of $12,590,800 supported by 95.4 total
workyears to this program, of which $4,483,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,107,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 198? EPA is planning to promulgate a revised NAAQS for size-specific
particulate matter (PHig). Also in 1987, EPA 1s proposing propose to revise the
NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide or reaffirm the existing standards. Reviews of the
NAAQSs for lead and ozone are underway and an advance notice of proposed rulemaking
1s being published for a fine particle secondary NAAQS. Pollutant assessment
activities are expected to result in regulatory decisions for 10-12 potentially
toxic air pollutants. Other activities include: operation of the Air Toxics
Clearinghouse; preparation of health, exposure, and risk analyses for the NESHAPs
program; and continuing implementation of the national A1r Toxics Strategy, Includ-
ing support to State and local programs on air toxics problems.
Work 1s also continuing on acid rain policy and Implementation issues, on
assessment of actions needed to protect stratospheric ozone, and on development of
the framework for an indoor air program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from jhe Enacted Level
There is no Change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $6,616,200 supported by 83.0 total
workyears, of which $4,204,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,411,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1986 EPA continued the reviews of the NAAQSs for particulate matter,
sulfur dioxide, lead, and ozone. EPA also continued to implement the National A1r
Toxics Strategy. In the pollutant assessment area, EPA continued the health and
risk assessments for potentially toxic air pollutants to determine the need for
regulation. Regulatory decisions were published for ten compounds in 1986. Other
activities included operation of the A1r Toxics Clearinghouse and health, exposure,
and risk analyses for NESHAPs development. Work also continued on acid rain policy
and implementation "issues and exploration of the extent and causes of stratospheric
ozone depletion.
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STATE PROGRAM POLICY GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT -
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,905,300 supported by 47.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,427,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $477,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $162,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, a decrease of $28,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion, and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs; the decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects completion of audit criteria in 1987.
In 1988 EPA will continue to provide national direction, management, and
assistance to the national air quality management effort for attainment of NAAQSs
and prevention of significant deterioration. EPA will also develop program and
technical guidance for State and local agencies to address PMjm, sulfur dioxide,
and ozone. In addition, EPA will promulgate regulations to implement the revised
sulfur dioxide NAAQS. Management of the SIP process will continue with emphasis on
the post-1987 ozone attainment program and PM^g SIPs, Ozone activities will in-
clude the determination of areas not anticipated to attain the ozone NAAQS by
December 31, 1987; coordination among the Regions for the preparation of SIP
deficiency notices for continuing nonattainment areas; and the completion of
guidance for use by States in revising SIPs to Implement the post-1987 policy. Key
PMig actions in 1988 will be to provide necessary interpretation and clarification
on PM|Q implementing regulations and guidelines as needed to Individual Regions and
States; to prepare periodic national reports on the status of State progress toward
the development and submission of PM^g SIPs to EPA; to review regionally forwarded
PM^o SIPs for consistency with all requirements; and to expedite the EPA Head-
quarters review and decisions on the adequacy of State-submitted PM^g SIPs and
complete necessary rulemaking actions.
Revised National A1r Audit criteria will be provided to the Regions for their
use in conducting State and local agency air program audits and a national audit
report will be published. Management of the new source review and prevention of
significant deterioration programs will- continue. The operation of the control
strategies clearinghouse will also be continued. The national air toxics control
effort will be accelerated through -increased attention to development and imple-
mentation of State and local air toxics programs. Toward this end, EPA will
develop a national report regarding the overall effectiveness of the high-risk
point source program based on reviews of individual State activities, including
recommendations for needed changes in policy and/or support. EPA will also review
multi-year development plans for adequacy and issue a national report that identi-
fies approaches that have been the most successful and summarizes progress, needs,
and issues.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $2,771.100 supported by 47.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,265,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $505,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
In 1987 regulations are being promulgated to implement SIP requirements for
the PMio NAAQS. Also, regulations are being proposed to implement the revised sul-
fur dioxide NAAQS. Management of the SIP process 1s continuing. Key activities
involve the management of the PMig SIP development strategy and management of the
post-1987 ozone attainment strategy. Ozone related work Includes completing the
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Agency's ozone attainment policy, making SIP calls, supplementing guidance to
States on ozone strategy components and tracking implementation and sustained
progress, and providing case-by-case guidance to States in developing corrective
ozone SIPs. Proposals for implementing regulations and guidance in association
with the review of the ozone NAAQS are also under development. The new source
review program is continuing to provide permit assistance and litigation support.
The National Air Audit System is being continued to evaluate and review State
air programs. Consistent with the State enhancement portion of the National Air
Toxics Strategy, guidance to improve State/local program capability through multi^
year development plans is being provided, including the design of programs to
address high-risk point source and urban air toxics problems.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986^Accomp1i shments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $2,745,700 supported by 47.1 total
workyears, of which $2,265,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $480,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
National management and evaluation of all major SIP programs continued in
1986, Program guidance, policy papers, and technical information were developed
on a variety of issues including SIP revisions for post-1982/1987 attainment,
sulfur dioxide, stack heights, PM^Q implementation, and visibility. In addition,
lead SIPs were developed in accordance with the requirements of the litigation
settlement agreement. New source review program guidance was provided and manage-
ment of the National Air Audit System was continued, including distribution of
revised audit criteria to the Regions and preparation of the National Audit Report.
During 1986 40 audits were conducted. Guidance was also provided for the develop-
ment of State/local multi-year air toxics plans and programs, as well as guidance
'to address high-risk point source problems. Rulemaking activities Included propo-
sal of Part 52 regulations to improve source surveillance of visible emissions
(opacity), proposal of the Emissions Balancing Policy, and promulgation of Inter-
mittent Control Systems regulations. In addition, all Part I Visibility rulemaking
actions were completed.
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AIR
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control 8 Fuel Economy
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
3>
to
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Testing, Technical §
Administrative Support
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Emissions & Fuel
.Economy Compliance
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compllance
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control S
Fuel Economy
$3,658.5 $3,989.3 $3,989.3 $3,989.3 $4,099.5 $110.2
$4,012.0 $3,436.4 $3,436.4 $3,436.4 $3,038.9 -$397.5
TOTAL $7,670.5 $7,425.7 $7,425.7 $7,425.7 $7,138.4 -$287.3
$5,292.3 $4,861.6 $4,861.6 $4,861.6 $5,014.7 $153.1
$669.2 $900.0 $900.0 $900.0 $850.2 -$49.8
TOTAL $5,961.5 $5,761.6 $5,761.6 $5,761.6 $5,864.9 $103.3
$1,560.0 $1,600.3 $1,600.3 $1,600.3 $1,640.6 $40.3
$8.8 $35.0 $35.0 $35.0 $33.1 -$1.9
TOTAL $1,568.8 $1,635.3 $1,635.3 $1,635.3 $1,673.7 $38.4
$10,510.8 $10,451.2 $10,451.2 $10,451.2 $10,754.8 $303.6
$4,690.0 $4,371.4 $4,371.4 $4,371.4 $3,922.2 -$449.2
TOTAL $15,200.8 $14,822.6 $14,822.6 $14,822.6 $14,677.0 -$145.6
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
3»
to
c*>
ACTUAL BUDGET
1986 ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical I
Administrative Support
Emissions * Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKVEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
74.3 69.9
91.7 92.0
29.8 33.0
195.8 194.9
69.9
92.0
33.0
194.9
69.9 77.9 8.0
92.0 93.6 1.6
33,0 33.3 .3
194.9 204.8 9.9
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
80.7
94.3
31.2
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.9
93.6
33.3
TOTAL HORKYEARS
206.2
204.8 204.8 204.8 204.8
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,677,000 supported by 204.8 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $145,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987. Of
the request $10,754,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,922,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $303,600 and a
decrease of $449,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactlvity Includes the following mobile source programs:
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment, and Characterization This program
provides thestandards development and analysis required for the control of mobile
source emissions under the Clean Air Act. Work is also carried out to improve
fuel econany testing procedures and evaluate fuel economy retrofit devices, as
required by the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. This program is
responsible for developing both light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine standards
for the control of evaporative and exhaust emissions. Other major program activ-
ities include: characterization of toxic emissions, assessment of emissions con-
trol technology, technical assistance to the States for implementation of local
control programs, assessment of actual emissions levels from 1n-use vehicles,
analysis of the current and prospective impacts of motor vehicle emissions on air
quality, and assessment of alternative fuels and technologies as a means of
reducing air pollution from mobile sources.
Testing, Technlca], andAdministrative Support This program provides basic
testing, technical,anaadministrativesupport to the mobile source operating
programs of EPA.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance This program implements the emissions
certification and compliance requirements of the Clean Air Act and the fuel economy
information and compliance requirements of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act. As part of this program, fuel economy information is made available
to the consumer through the mile per gallon values published in the Gas Mileage
Guide and on new vehicle labels to assure that EPA's responsibilities are met under
the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) compliance program.
EMISSION STAMDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT. AND CHARACTERIZATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,138,400 supported by 77.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,099,SOO will be'for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,038,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $110,200 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $397,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase will
support equipment replacement and enhancement at the Ann Arbor, Michigan testing
facility, and the decrease reflects completion of much of the analytical work
associated with the fuel volatility and evaporative emissions rulemakings.
A-34
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In 1988 the standards program will continue to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and afr toxics. The regulatory program will continue to concentrate on
control of evaporative and refueling emissions, excess hydrocarbon emissions,
formaldehyde, methanol, and particulates. Final emission standards and test pro-
cedures for methanol vehicles will also be promulgated. Revised light-duty truck
hydrocarbon standards and revised light-duty truck and light heavy-duty ditsel
engine particulate standards will be proposed. Notices will also be published
proposing fuels and fuel additive test protocols and modifying diesel fuel composi-
tion. Testing of in-use vehicles will continue to assess the emissions performance
of the in-use fleet. Work will continue on the assessment of heavy-duty diesel
trap technology with the implementation of a prototype electric trap regeneration
system. Support to the development of State Implementation Plans will continue
with emphasis on Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs for 1n-use vehicles. A
total of 15 formal audits and follow-ups of State and local I/M programs will be
completed. With the completion of the major part of the effort on fuel volatility
and hydrocarbon control, the work on diesel fuel composition and fuel additive test
protocols will be accelerated.
1987Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $7,425,700 supported by 77.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,989,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,436,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Concern over the persistence of an ozone problem beyond statutory deadlines in
many parts of the country has spurred activity to deal with the control of hydro-
carbon emissions. Work is focusing on control of excess evaporative hydrocarbon
emissions from motor vehicles. The regulatory program is also emphasizing work on
control of formaldehyde and particulate matter. The program continues to provide
audits, implementation assistance, and review of State and local 1n-use vehicle
emission control programs required by the State Implementation Plans, particularly
I/M programs. In 1987 nine regular I/M program audits are being carried out to
assess the effectiveness of the State and local efforts, In-use vehicles, Includ-
ing new technology vehicles, are continuing to be tested; data from this program are
being used to refine air quality projections and update the air quality model,
MOBILE4. Characterization of emissions from vehicles powered by alternative fuels
continues, including a rulemaking setting standards and test procedures for
methane!-fueled vehicles expected to be promulgated 1n 1988. The Agency is
planning to publish an advance notice of proposed rulemaking for fuel additive
test protocols. With the implementation of lead phasedown, additional work is
being directed to alternatives to leaded gasoline. A systematic review of the
heavy-duty standards for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter
continues for potential revision 1n 1988 and beyond. Efforts continue on the
assessment of technology to control diesel particulate emissions to levels required
by the new standards with work on heavy-duty diesel trap technology, Implementation
of prototype trap regeneration systems, and close monitoring of Industry research
efforts.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the EnactedrnLgyeT_
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $7,670,500 supported by 80.7 total
workyears, of which $3,618,500 was from tne Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,012,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A-35
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In support of the Agency's ozone control programs, work began on a strategy to
control excess evaporative hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles. Work focused
on fuel volatility and developing options to address the widening gap in volatility
between commercial fuel and EPA test fuel. The program provided implementation
assistance and review of State Implementation Plans, particularly I/M programs. In
1986, 11 complete I/M program audits as well as eight follow-up audits were carried
out to assess the effectiveness of the State and local efforts. In the in-use
testing program at the EPA Hotor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) emissions tests
from 350 vehicles, including new technology vehicles and vehicles powered by alter-
native fuels, were completed.
In support of the Agency's air toxics control strategy, work on formaldehyde,
dlesel participates, and fuels and additives was carried out. A rulemaking which
will establish standards and a test procedure for methanol-fueled vehicles was
proposed in 1986, Work has begun on the assessment of technology to control diesel
particulate emissions to levels required by the new standards.
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,864,900 supported by 93.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,014,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $850,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an Increase of $153,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $49,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase will
support equipment upgrades at the testing facility 1n Ann Arbor, Michigan, The
decrease reflects a shift from in-use vehicle testing to in-house support for fuel
analysis.
This program will provide testing, technical, and administrative support to
the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the MVEL located ,1n Ann
Arbor, Michigan. Approximately 1,000 tests will be performed on prototype
vehicles, and 1,460 tests on 1n-use vehicles in support of the emissions factors
and recall programs. In addition, 200 tests on new and 1n-use heavy-duty engines
will be provided to support the implementation and enforcement of the standards for
these engines. General activities that will be supported include recall, tampering
and fuel switching, standard-setting, emissions characterization, technology assess-
ment, fuel economy, 1n-use vehicle emissions assessment, and motor vehicle emission
certification. The support that will be provided includes: automated data process-
ing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition, and computer opera-
tions; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel economy; quality
assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and Industry testing pro-
grams; maintenance and engineering design of emission testing equipment; and per-
sonnel, administrative, safety, and facilities support services. Testing and
analysis of approximately 2,000 fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes
will continue; fuel adulteration surveillance using automated analytical equipment
will be Instituted to test 5,000 fuel samples.
1987 Program ,
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,761,600 supported by 93.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,861,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $900,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
A-36
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The 1987 program focuses on increasing the efficiency of the testing, tech-
nical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or expanding the
quality and quantity of outputs. Testing and technical support activities continue
to operate at a level where significant economies of scale can be obtained, consoli-
dating similar testing activities and obtaining the maximum possible use from the
facility.
Testing support to the certification and fuel economy labeling and compliance
programs continues with a total of 1,000 tests scheduled for these programs. Test*
ing activities supported at the MVEL range from performing standard, well estab-
lished engineering tests to the development and performance of new test procedures
to accommodate new program needs or changing technology. Testing supports the re-
call, surveillance, tampering/fuel switching programs; the development of emission
factors; and the assessment of the effectiveness of new emissions control techno-
logy in maintaining the emission standards in use. Approximately 1,700 tests are
being performed for these programs in 1987.
Routine testing and analysis of 2,000 fuel samples collected in the field for
enforcing fuels regulations continues. Correlation programs to maintain equivalent
test procedures between manufacturer test facilities and EPA continues. Test
equipment maintenance, calibration and repair services are being provided. The
adequacy of existing procedures and equipment to test newer technology vehicles
are being evaluated. Personnel, facility support services, safety, ADP, and
administrative management functions are being provided at the MVEL.
1987 Ejcplanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishpents
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $5,961,500 supported by 94.3 total
workyears for this program-, of which $5,292,300 was from the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation and $669,200 was .from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
'appropriation.
In 1986 a total of 1,000 tests were conducted for the certification and fuel
economy labeling and compliance programs. Testing in support of the recall, sur-
veillance, tampering/fuel switching programs; the development of emission factors;
and the assessment of the effectiveness of new emissions control technology in
maintaining the emission standards in-use resulted in 1,700 tests on 445 vehicles
in 1986. Routine testing and analysis of fuel samples collected in the field for
enforcing fuels regulations began in 1985 and continued to expand in 1986.
Basic personnel and administrative management functions were supported, as
well as safety and facility services, aimed at maintaining a high level of
occupational safety and health. ADP management support was also provided.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,673,700 supported by 33.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,640,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $33,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $40,300 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $1,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase reflects
support for work on in-use non-compliance at high mileage and the decrease is
related to efficiencies obtained in procuring road load testing contracts support.
A-37
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The emissions certification program will continue to issue certificates of
compliance to more than 95 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty vehicles,
heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the certification program by
importers for resale is expected to stabilize. In 1988 the 1n-use program will
continue to stress the examination of control technology effectiveness at high
mileage and the application of this Information to improving the effectiveness of
the certification program in reducing high mileage In-use noncompliance. Work will
also focus on suspected problems with manufacturers' use of defeat devices, as well
as on emissions under conditions different from the Federal Test Procedure. This
additional engineering analysis will help assess the degree to which emission
control devices differ relative to the standard test cycle versus real life
operational conditions.
The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried out, with 1,000
labels. 50 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) calculations, and data for the Gas_
Mileage Guide. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by
revisions to the fuel economy regulations will continue.
The Agency plans to propose to establish a fee system for both the certification
and fuel economy programs.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,635,300 supported by 33.3
total workyears for this program, of which $1,600,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $35,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The emissions and fuel economy compliance program is continuing to issue
approximately 600 certificates of compliance during the year. Certification
engineering review continues to deter the production of vehicle designs not capable
of meeting emission standards. Participation in the certification program by
importers for resale is expected to continue to increase. The fuel economy in-
formation and compliance program is generating information for the Sas Mlleaeg
Guide, 1,000 fuel economy labels, and 50 manufacturers' CAFE calcula£1ohs. AWU
tional CAFE adjustments' for light-duty trucks will be provided under final rules
promulgated in both 1986 and 1987. The 1n-use technology assessment program Is
continuing the examination of the durability of control technology at high mileage.
The objective is to improve the effectiveness of the certification program in re-
ducing high mileage in-use noncompliance. Reports are assessing the effectiveness
of catalyst evaluations as a diagnostic technique for Inadequate emission control
performance.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accojp11shments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $1,568,800 supported by 31.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,560,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
Approximately 600 certificates of compliance with emission standards were
issued. The Agency continued to streamline the certification process by revising
requirements to reduce the burden on industry without sacrificing emissions reduc-
tions. Programs to assess the performance of high mileage in-use vehicles 1n order
to develop improved ways to assure high-mileage compliance with standards were
initiated. The fuel economy program continued to generate 1,000 fuel economy
labels a year, data for the GasMileage Guide, and 50 CAFE calculations.
A-38
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f
AIR
State programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
Abatement Control and $95,827.7 $95,000.0 $95,000,0 $95,000.0 $95,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $95,827.7 $95,000.0 $95,000.0 $95,000.0 $95,000.0
Training
Salaries & Expenses $232.4 $234.5 $234.5 $234.5 $241.4 $6.9
Abatement Control and $511.7
Compl 1 ance
TOTAL $744.1 $234.5 $234.5 $234.5 $241.4 $6,9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $232.4 $234.5 $234.5 $234.5 $241.4 $6.9
Abatement Control and $96,339.4 $95,000.0 $95,000.0 $95,000,0 $95,000.0
Compl lance
State Programs TOTAL $96,571.8 $95,234.5 $95,234.5 $95,234.5 $95,241.4 $6.9
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORJCYEARS 4,0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
4.0 4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0 4.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
4.0
4.0
REQUEST
1988
4.0
4.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
-p.
o
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,241,400 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $6,900 and no change in total workyears from 1987. Of
the request, $241,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$95,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
representing an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $6,900 and
no change in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Prog ram Des c ri pt i on
This subactivity provides financial and training support to State and local
air pollution control agencies, and to air quality programs for Indian lands for
the prevention, abatement, and control of air pollution. The primary objective of
this subactivity is to support the development and implementation of effective
State and local programs for the attainment and maintenance of the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), in accordance with provisions of the Clean A1r Act.
Controll Agency Resource Supp 1 ementat 1on (Section 105 6rants) D1 rect grants
to control agenciesthat nave major roles 1n 81veTopThgf and carrying out programs
under the Clean Air Act constitute the major form of EPA resource assistance.
Direct grants are supplemented by the training of State and local air pollution
control personnel and the provision of services of contractors for specific tasks
identified by the States and localities. The grants support State and local
activities that develop State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for the attainment and
maintenance of the NAAQSs; enforce source emission regulations and requirements
contained within the SIPs;. review and permit new sources; monitor ambient air
quality for assessing environmental quality and progress; and develop data bases
necessary for regulatory decisions. In addition, these funds promote the assump-
tion and implementation of other Clean Air Act responsibilities, including those
for the prevention of significant deterioration" (PSD), protection of visibility
and the implementation of New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). Finally, these funds
help control agencies to develop and enhance air toxics programs for assessing and
mitigating exposures consistent with the Agency's National Air Toxics Strategy.
Training Traditionally, resource assistance is further supplemented by the
provisionbftraln1ng in specialized areas of air pollution control. New courses
are developed as needed, instruction manuals and materials are revised and updated,
and manuals and Instructional materials are provided to university training
centers. The EPA staff works with university centers to develop State and local
self-sufficiency 1n training by offering courses at area training centers.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS)
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,000,000, all of which will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no change 1n
total funding.
A-41
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In 1988 States are expected to continue to focus on the three air pollution
problems emphasized in 1987: addressing post-1987 ozone NAAQS non attainment,
meeting the revised NAAQSs for size-specific particulate matter (PMm), and
reducing exposure to air toxics. For ozone, efforts initiated in 1987 for improv-
ing the effectiveness of existing control measures, including the efforts to
enhance the compliance of sources of volatile organic compounds, will be continued.
States will develop and implement the additional measures required by Parts II and
III of the national strategy, including new national policies and procedures, new
controls on categories of stationary sources, and enhancements to motor vehicle
programs. States will revise their SIPs following EPA notifications of SIP in-
adequacies in late 1987 or early 1988. States will complete development of track-
ing systems for assessing emission reductions and attainment progress within the
more significant nonattai nroent areas. For PMjo» States will complete required
SIPs for the most probable nonattai nment areas (i.e., Group I Areas), perform
necessary analyses and prepare SIPs, where required, for the remaining areas, and
work to complete the PM^Q ambient monitoring network.
For toxics, States will continue to implement various elements of their
multi-year plans for building and implementing programs for assessing and reducing
exposure to air toxic compounds. Efforts to assess and mitigate high Individual
risk from additional non-NESHAPs point sources will be sustained. States initia-
ting screening efforts in 1987 to Identify and assess complex air toxics problems
within the 30 larger urban areas will continue their analyses documenting exposures
and sources. Work toward the development and review of mitigation measures within
specific urban areas will proceed. Also, States are expected to assume delegation
from EPA and enforce newly promulgated NESHAPs for benzene and coke ovens.
Also, in 1988 States will continue to carry out key core activities essential
to the operation and maintenance of effective air pollution regulatory programs.
This includes the implementation of source surveillance and compliance programs
aimed at assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources with SIP
requirements and NSPSs, providing "timely and appropriate" response to significant
violations. States will operate the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the
State/local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks and maintain quality assurance-
programs. States will continue to assume responsibility for the implementation of
newly promulgated NSPSs and for the review and permitting of new sources, Including
those to which PSD requirements apply.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $95,000,000 for this program, all
of which 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987 the major priorities of the program are: (1) implementation of the
June 1985 National Air Toxics Strategy; (2) Implementation of elements of the
post-1987 ozone strategy calling for correction and enhancement of existing pro-
grams in urban areas not expected to meet the 1987 attainment deadline; and (3)
commencement of various activities to implement the NAAQSs for PM^o scheduled to be
promulgated during 1987.
In 1987 States are expected to begin carrying out key elements of the multi-
year plans developed in 1986 for the enhancement and implementation of air toxics
programs consistent with the Air Toxics Strategy and EPA guidance. Principal
activities include: (1) the enforcement of existing - NESHAPs, including compliance
with the asbestos demolition and renovation requirements; (2) the improvement of
assessment capabilities and data bases needed to manage air toxics risks at the
State and local levels; (3} the evaluation and mitigation of exposures from non-
NESHAPs point sources causing high individual risk; (4) the assessment of complex,
multi-pollutant/source air toxics problems within the 30 largest urbanized areas
of the country; and (5) the review of selected mitigation measures in five urban
areas.
A-42
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To help attain the ozone NAAQS, States are carrying out steps to ensure:
(1) full application of existing regulations/programs; (2) development within the
most significant nonattainment areas of tracking systems for assessing emission
reductions and measuring progress; (3) enhanced Inspection/compliance activities
for sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); (4) improved baseline inventories
and ambient data, particularly for nonmethane organic hydrocarbons (NMOCs); (5)
increased enforcement and auditing for vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M); and
(6) improved staff implementation capabilities. For PMjo» States are continuing to
develop the ambient monitoring networks, to revise emissions inventories necessary
for preparation of required SIPs, and to start preparing SIPs due for submission in
1988.
States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources, including timely
and appropriate responses to violations. In addition, States are also continuing
to fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS networks and to assume
responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.
1987 Explanatljinof Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $95,827,700 to this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986 States continued to develop and Implement the multiple regulatory
programs for the attainment of the ozone NAAQS in the 45 urban areas missing the
1982 deadlines or having extensions to 1987. States also prepared corrections to
SIPs where State/EPA reviews of progress identified needed changes in attainment
strategies or new nonattai nment problems were documented. States worked to prepare
the data bases for development of PM^g regulatory plans once the NAAQS is promul-
gated. Revisions to SIPs addressing EPA's revised -stack height regulations were
developed.
States continued to fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS
networks. In 1986 250 of the more seriously deteriorated network monitors for
ozone and carbon monoxide were replaced. States continued to modify existing
networks to collect data preparatory to regulatory decisions and the development
of required PMjQ SIPs, including the purchase of additional monitoring equipment
for determining PMio levels in probable nonattainment areas. Instrumentation
was purchased for conducting limited background visibility monitoring in key
Class I areas as required by settlement of litigation against the Agency.
States carried out their inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources, including the
provision of timely and appropriate response to violations* Emphasis was placed on
violating sources of VOCs and sources subject to NESHAPs, including enforcement of
asbestos demolition and renovation requirements. Grant resources also supported
corrections to existing I/M programs and ant1-tampering programs and the develop-
ment of 12 new anti-tampering programs in ozone nonattainment areas.
TRAINING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $241,400 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This request represents an increase of $6,900 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, reflecting Increased personnel and support costs.
A-43
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In 1988 EPA will continue to manage the self-study training program. Techni-
cal support will be provided to States and Regions planning workshops and training
courses. In addition, existing courses will be updated, using in-house skills.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $234,500 supported by 4.U total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Activities 1n 1987 include management of the self-study training program,
technical support to States and Regions planning workshops and training courses,
and updating of existing courses using in-house skills.
1987 Explanationof Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $744,100 supported by 4.0 total work-
years for this program. Of the amount obligated, $232,400 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $511,700 was from Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1986 a total of 32 training courses were conducted covering 22 subject
areas for 704 students at six area training centers and in Regional locations.
Support was also provided for the conduct of 25 special courses. Graduate trainee-
ships or fellowships were provided for 21 control agency employees. In addition,
eight new courses were prepared and three existing courses were revised. Also,
revised self-Instructional correspondence and classroom courses were prepared and
made available to 1,628 students.* ' '
A-44
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4*
AIR
A1r Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
A1r Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries ft Expenses $11,445.9 $11,955.2 $11,879.3 $11,883.3 $12,159.9 $276,6
Abatement Control and $695.2 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6
Compl1ance
TOTAL $12,141.1 $12,249.8 $12,173.9 $12,177.9 $12,454.5 $276.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,445.9 $11,955.2 $11,879.3 $11,883.3 $12,159.9 $276.6
Abatement Control and $695.2 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6
I Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL $12,141.1 $12,249.8 $12,173.9 $12,177.9 $12,454.5 $276.6
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Impl ementatlon
TOTAL HORKYEARS
271.8
271.8
292.5
292.5
275.0
275.0
298,3
298.3
280.7
280.7
298.3
298.3
280.7
280.7
298.3
298.3
293.3
293.3
293.3
293.3
12.6
12.6
-5.0
-5.0
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,454,500 supported by 293.3 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $276,600 and a decrease of 5.0"total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $12,159,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$294,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, repre-
senting an increase of $276,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no
change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources for the operation and maintenance of an
air quality management program in each of the Agency's ten Regional Offices. Under
the Clean Air Act, the States have primary responsibility for preparing attainment
strategies and meeting the commitments for the development and implementation of
multiple regulatory programs essential to the attainment and maintenance of
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). State strategies and programs have
to be revised when NAAQSs are modified, new standards are established, or deficien-
cies within the strategies are identified. The Regional program, in partnership
with State and local air pollution control agencies, has a major responsibility for
implementing the requirements of the Clean Air Act and related EPA regulations
governing the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQSs. The air management program
provides policy guidance and technical consultation to States, helping them to pre-
pare the strategies and regulatory programs. The program also conducts the neces-
sary regulatory review and coordination for approval within the Federal Register of
individual strategies and regulations in State Implementation Plans (SIPs) sub-
mitted to EPA. The program also plays the principal role in negotiating air
quality program grants to State and local control agencies and auditing the
progress and effectiveness of these agencies 1n developing, implementing, and
enforcing regulatory programs. The program has major responsibilities for tjelping
.States develop and implement programs for assessing and mitigating air toxics
exposures, as required by the Agency's national air toxics strategy.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,454,500 supported by 293.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,159,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $294,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of 5.0 total workyears and an increase
of $276,600 in Salaries and Expenses reflecting streamlining on completion of
minor SIP revisions and increased personnel and support costs, respectively.
As in 1987, the major focus of the program will be the implementation of the
national strategy for air toxics, the post-1987 strategy for correcting ozone
nonattainment problems in areas not meeting the 1987 deadline, and the NAAQS for
size-specific particulate matter (PMjo)* For pzonet the .efforts Initiated in 1987
to help States improve the effectiveness of existing control measures will be con-
tinued. Regions will also work with States to develop and implement the additional
measures required by Parts II and III of the strategy, including new national
policies/procedures, new or expanded controls on categories or groups of stationary
sources, and enhancements to motor vehicle programs. 'Regions will work with States
A-46
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preparing revisions to SIPs where formal notifications of SIP inadequacy have been
issued by EPA during late 1987 or early 1988. Regions will review the State-
prepared revisions and newly enacted control measures for consistency with the
strategy and initiate appropriate review and rulemaking steps. Regions will help
States implement tracking systems for assessing emission reductions and progress in
attaining standards within the more significant areas. Regions will review State-
submitted annual reports of attainment progress and initiate corrective actions
where necessary. Regions will continue to assist the States in completing required
SIPs for PMio and initiate review and rulemaking actions on State submissions.
States will proceed to implement the various elements of their multi-year
plans for improving and carrying out air toxics programs. Regions will assist and
periodically review and document State progress 1n meeting plan commitments,
particularly efforts involving the assessment and mitigation of high individual
risks from non-NESHAPs point sources. Regions will continue to provide support to
those State and local programs that initiated screening efforts in 1987 to define
complex air toxics problems within the 30 most populous urban areas, and to review
mitigation measures in selected areas.
The National Air Audit System will be implemented, starting another biennial
cycle of State evaluations. Performance-based grants will be negotiated and over-
sight maintained. Major SIPs will be reviewed and processed as expeditiously as
possible. Extramural dollars will continue to support inter agency agreements with
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Administration for detail to three
Regional Offices of meteorologists who provide modeling expertise to the Region and
States.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of -$12,177,900 supported by 298.3
total workyears for this program, of which $11,883,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $294,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987 the major priorities are: (1) Implementation of the June 1985
National A1r Toxics Strategy; (2) correction1 and enhancement of existing control
measures 1n areas not expected to meet the 1987 attainment deadline for the ozone
NAAQS; and (3) implementation of the NAAQS for PMio scheduled to be promulgated
during 1987.
Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, programs are being under-
taken to significantly help States Implement multi-year plans for improving and
carrying out air toxics programs. Efforts 1n 1987 are focusing on helping States:
(1) improve assessment capabilities and data bases to manage air toxics risks; (2)
evaluate and mitigate exposures from non-NESHAPs point sources with high individual
risk; and (3) begin to identify and assess complex air toxics problems within the
more populous 30 urban areas as well as review selected mitigation measures in five
urban areas. Regions are continuing to facilitate Information exchange among
States concerning air toxics activities and data sources through the air toxics
clearinghouse.
For ozone, Regions are working with States to improve the implementation of
existing control measures, consistent with the post-1987 strategy. Effort's are
focusing on implementation of new source review requirements, improvement of staff
capability, and resolution of issues affecting full Implementation of current
stationary source regulations and mobile source programs. Regions are helping
States develop tracking systems within the more significant nonattal nment areas for
assessing emission reductions and reviewing State progress. , Major guidance and
support is being provided to help States compile data bases and prepare SIPs to
meet the NAAQS for PMiQ. Regions are expected to complete most rulemaking actions
on State-submitted revisions for meeting tall stack requirements.
A-47
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The biennial schedule for implementation of the National Air Audit System,
which commenced in 1986, is being continued, thereby completing the evaluation for
all State regulatory programs. Regions will work with States to correct key
deficiencies identified within the audits. The Regions are also negotiating grant
agreements with States, implementing Agency policy on performance-based grants and
overseeing grantee performance 1n meeting commitments and schedules. State-
submitted revisions to SIPs are continuing to be processed in the most expeditious
manner, minimizing backlog.
1987 ExplanationofChanges from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $4,000 results from the following action:
-RejpjiograiniTiing. (+$4,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net Increase of $4,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $12,141,100 supported by 292.5 total
workyears, of which $11,445,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $695,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1986 the principal focus of the Regional air management program was the
implementation of the Agency's post-1982 attainment policy for remedying deficient
SIPs in areas violating the NAAQSs. Guidance was provided to States developing
SIPs and regulatory measures. The SIPs were reviewed for consistency and appro-
priate Federal Register actions were completed. Also, guidance and technical
expertise were provided to help States define requirements, assess possible prob-
lems, and prepare to respond to the anticipated NAAQS for PMig. Consistent with
the National Air Toxics Strategy, Initiatives were undertaken to help States pre-
pare multiple-year plans to build and enhance air toxics programs and to start
gathering data needed to assess specific high-risk pollutant or source situations.
Other significant actions Included review and rulemaking on SIPs implementing
court-ordered regulatory changes on stack heights. The National Air Audit System
was moved to a biennial basis for evaluating State regulatory programs. Other
State submitted revisions to SIPs were processed in an expeditious manner, mini-
mizing backlogs. Steps were taken to negotiate effective grant agreements with
State and local agencies implementing Agency policy on performance-based grants.
A-48
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AIR
Trends Monitoring 5 Progress Assessment
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
198?
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
I
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management ft
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
$3,512.7 $3,782.9
$287.1 $114.2
$3,522.2 $3,522.2 $3,627.2
$114.2 $114.2 $114.2
TOTAL $3,799.8 $3,897.1 $3,636.4 $3,636.4 $3,741.4
$3,838.4 $3,137.2
$1,949.2 $1,229.3
$3,137.2 $3,137.2 $3,218.7
$1,229.3 $1,229.3 $1,161.2
$7,351.1 $6,920.1
$2,236.3 $1,343.5
$105.0
$105.0
$81.5
-$68.1
TOTAL $5,787.6 $4,366.5 $4,36i.5 $4,366.5 $4,379.9 $13.4
$6,659.4 $6,659.4 $6,845.9 $186.5
$1,343.5 $1,343.5 $1,275.4 -$68.1
TOTAL $9,587.4 $8,263.6 $8,002.9 $8.002,9 $8,121.3 $118.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient A1r Quality
Monitoring
86.3
85.7
84.8
84.8
92.5
7.7
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AIR
Trends Monitoring 8 Progress Assessment
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management 8
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKVEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
64.0 65.1 65.1
150.3
150.8
149.9
65.1
149.9
65.6
158.1
.5
8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(ji
o
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
A1r Quality & Emissions
Data Management §
Analysis
93.3
66.4
92.5
65.6
92.5
65.6
92.5
65.6
92.5
65.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
159.7 158.1 158.1 158.1 158.1
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,121,300 supported by 158.1 total workyears
for 1988, reflecting an Increase of $118,400. Of the request $6,845,900 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,275,400 will be for the Abate-
ment, .Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $186,500 and a decrease
of $68,100, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the following programs;
Ambient A1r Qua!ity Monitoring Activities 1n this program Include: (1) EPA's
management overview of Stateambient air quality monitoring networks, associated
laboratory and field quality assurance activities, and implementation of air moni-
toring strategies described in EPA air monitoring regulations; (2) the coordination
of Regional and State field Investigation activities for collecting ambient air
quality samples for subsequent sample analysis and related quality control; (3) the
review of source emissions data; and (4) the necessary management and coordination
to ensure timely storage and validation of the data collected.
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis -- Major activities
includes (1) national coordination of Regional Office, State, and local ambient
monitoring, air quality modeling, and emission Inventory programs; (2) Issuance
of new and revised regulatory requirements and related technical guidance; (3)
development and operation of information management systems for storing, retrieving,
and analyzing ambient air quality and emission data at the State and national level;
and (4) preparation of trends analyses and related air quality and emission progress
assessments for program evaluation and development and for public Information needs,
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,741,400 supported by 92.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,627,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $114,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $105,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to pay increased personnel and support costs, no change in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and no change in total workyears.
In 1988 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management of
State air monitoring programs. Part of the overview and management will include
section 101 grants review. They will also continue the coordination of air data
bases involving emission data, criteria pollutant air quality data and related
precision and accuracy information necessary for quantifying data quality.
The data bases from the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the State
and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks will be validated for completeness
and accuracy. Any new or revised NAMS sites will be visited, evaluated, and
approved. Data analyses, Including air quality trend information, will be developed
as input to the Regional Trends Reports. In the area of quality assurance, signi-
ficant resources will be used for on-site systems audits of State networks and
A-51
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monitors. In addition, the Regional laboratories will participate in the national
air audit' program. The start-up of State size-specific participate matter (PM^o)
networks will require review of the NAMS/SLAMS network and site visits to verify
compliance with 40 CFR 58 monitoring regulations.
Regions will be involved in the implementation of the toxics air monitoring
network, including expansion of the network to about 17 stations, in cooperation
with the Office of Research and Development and State/local agencies.
Resources will also be used to provide monitoring /quality assurance support
and technical assistance to States in evaluating the impact of sources of specific
toxic air pollutants. These sources would be ones considered for regulation under
State control programs. Special ozone data analyses will be performed for 20-25
nonattainment metropolitan areas. In the area of air toxics, resources will be
used for management, coordination, and technical assistance necessary to develop a
toxics emission data base in about 30 geographic areas. Technical assistance and
support will be provided to improve the capabilities of State/local monitoring
operations.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,636,400 supported by 92.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $ 3,522,200 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $114,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
In 1987 the Regions are continuing the baseline program of overview and manage-
ment of State emissions and air quality monitoring programs. The Regions are also
continuing their program of on-site visits to review/audit NAMS networks and a
small percentage of SLAMS networks. The validation, management, and coordination
of State and local air quality and emission data bases before they are submitted to
EPA central data banks also continue. In 1987 special emphasis is being placed on
updating the data bases and reviewing networks upon which PMig attainment/non-
attainment decisions will be made, especially in areas with a high probability of
nonattainment (based on total suspended parti cul ate matter data). The Regions and
States are expected to complete their analysis of the total SLAMS monltoMrtg net-
work needed to support PM|o State Implementation Plan development' and subsequent
tracking of progress and trends and begin to implement' the network. The data
needed for Environmental Management Reports are being assimilated and displayed for
use in determining status, trends, and progress. Quality assurance activities and
State audits are continuing with additional emphasis placed on the National Air
Audit System (NAAS).
1987^ JExjplanajj^ Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated $3,799,800 supported by 93.3 total workyears,
of which $3,512,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $287,100
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract funds
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation were used for Regional
data analysis and preparation of the Regional Environmental Management Reports.
The SLAMS networks were reviewed and an assessment of equipment needs made for
carbon monoxide and ozone monitoring. The Regional Offices continued to work with
States, through the annual review process, in identifying and eliminating air
monitoring sites that have only marginal utility or are the least useful in sup-
porting program decisions. The Regions continued their programs of site visits to
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evaluate and document NAMS stations, as well as a small percentage of SLAMS
stations. Laboratories were evaluated for proper operating and quality assurance
procedures. The management, coordination, and validation of State and local air
quality and emission data before submission to EPA's central data banks also con-
tinued. In 1986, special emphasis was placed on reviewing the data bases upon
which attainment status determinations will be made for the revised National
Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PMiQ, The Toxic Air Monitoring System
(TAMS) network continued to be operated in three cities.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,379,900 supported by 65.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,218,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,161,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $81,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $68,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is associated with increased
personnel and support costs; the decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance is
associated with completion of emission factor work in 1987.
The existing air data systems will be maintained and guidance provided to
users. Monitoring regulations, modeling guidance, emission factors, and computer
software will be modified to accommodate changes to the NAAQSs. The program will
provide specialized scientific data and guidance to States developing State Imple-
mentation Plans (SIPs) for the revised NAAQS for PMiQ. The program will also
develop data and technical guidance to support new and revised NAAQSs, with empha-
sis on rural ozone and fine participates. Specialized analyses will also be con-
ducted to assist in resolving remaining post-1987 nonattainment problems. The
modeling program will continue with active implementation of the modeling guide-
line; guidance and oversight of modeling applications; impact analyses to support
New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs), National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), and NAAQSs development; and operation of the modeling
clearinghouse for sulfur dioxide. The program will also produce ambient and emis-
sion trends analyses and progress assessments, provide national oversight of
Regional Office and State and local monitoring programs, and manage the National
Air Monitoring System (NAMS) network. A fine particulate monitoring strategy will
be developed. The program will also continue development of the facility subsystem
of the Aerometric Information and Retrieval System (AIRS). Early in 1988, imple-
mentation of the AIRS air quality subsystem at the eight initial State agencies
should be completed and arrangements for adding 12-16 additional agencies will be
Initiated.
In the area of air toxics, implementation of the Agency's National Air Toxics
Strategy will continue with the development of guidelines on ambient monitoring and
on estimating emissions and developing emissions inventories for several pollutants
and/or source categories of concern to State or local agencies. The program will
continue to Implement the national toxic monitoring strategy. The TAMS network
will be expanded from four cities to five with four sites in the established cities
and one site in the fifth city. During 1988, the program will provide guidance and
management of State/local efforts to Identify and quantify ambient air and emis-
sions levels of toxic pollutants in 30 urban areas, manage prototype analyses in
selected cities, conduct workshops on planning programs to characterize and quan-
tify the toxics problems within a city, and develop guidance to relate volatile
organic compound (VOC) species to selected toxic air pollutants. Efforts to pro-
vide guidance on the application of air quality screening models for selected toxic
pollutants will be expanded.
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1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $4,366,500 supported by 65.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,137,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,229,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1987 the program is focusing on four priority areas: (1) proviainy
national management of State/local efforts to assess and control air toxics in
selected urban areas; (2) developing technical guidance on emission factors,
Inventories, and ambient monitoring to support State/local toxics programs; (3)
performing analyses to develop ozone control strategies; and (4) implementing the
air quality data subsystem of AIRS.
Revised monitoring regulations to reflect revisions to the NAAQSs for sulfur
dioxide and PM]n are being proposed and promulgated, respectively. Implementation
of the toxic ambient monitoring strategy is continuing with the expansion of the
TAMS network from three to four cities.
The emissions program is continuing to develop emission factors for toxic
compounds and to provide guidance on toxics inventories. The modeling program is
being maintained. Operation of the sulfur dioxide model clearinghouse and other
photochemical and dispersion modeling guidance activities are continuing. Diffusion
modeling 1s also continuing for all pollutants regulated by NAAQSs. For ozone, the
models used to determine the degree of control required in nonattainment areas are
being refined and procedures implemented to minimize their misapplication. The
program is also continuing to provide national oversight and management of the
SLAMS/MAMS networks.
Software development and data conversion for the air quality segment of the
AIRS is being completed and access to the system provided to users within EPA and
six State agencies. Design and development of the companion AIRS subsystem for
emission and compliance data is continuing.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Leve1!
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated $5,787,600 supported by 66.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,838,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,949,200 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986 emphasis continued on operating the existing air data systems, and on
providing support to 35 State and local agencies using EPA developed data systems.
Other major activities Included: promulgation of improvements to the general
monitoring regulations and promulgation of an updated modeling guideline; national
oversight of State and local monitoring programs including on-site audits of 81
NAMS monitors and " 53 potential PMio sites; and modeling guidance and support
including operation of the control strategies clearinghouse. The emissions program
concentrated on completing PM^g emission factors, managing Regional Office and
State efforts to develop an emissions data base for acid precipitation assessments,
and completing reports on dioxin emission tests. Diffusion modeling support con-
tinued for estimating the effect of toxic emissions on the environment as the
Agency's Air Toxics Strategy was implemented. Development of the AIRS air quality
subsystem continued and development of the facility subsystem was initiated.
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ftSENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement........ A-56
Mobile Source Enforcement..... A-60
A-55
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 , 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $10,896.6 $12,155.8' $11,921.5 $11,919.5 $12,182.8 $263.3
Abatement Control and $3,210.3 $2,941.0 $2,996.0 $2,996.0 $2,830.1 -$165.9
Compliance
TOTAL $14,106.9 $15,096.8 $14,917.5 $14,915.5 $15,012.9 $97.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $10,896.6 $12,155^8 $11,921.5 $11,919.5 $12,182.8 $263.3
Abatement Control and $3,210.3 $2,941.0 $2,996.0 $2,996.0 $2,830.1 -$165.9
T" Compliance
01
Stationary Source TOTAL $14,106.9 $15,096.8 $14,917.5 $14,915,5 $15,012.9 $97.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 279.4 297.4 296.5 296.5 316.4 19.9
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 279.4 297.4 296.5 296.5 316.4 19.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 294.0 318.4 318.4 318.4 316.4 -2.0
Enforcement
TOTAL HORKYEARS 294.0 318.4 318.4 318.4 316.4 -2.0
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,012,900 supported by 316.4 total workyears
for 1988, in increase of $97,400 and a decrease of 2.0 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $12,182,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,830,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $263,300 and a decrease of $165,900, respectively.
Program Description
The stationary source enforcement program provides direct Federal enforcement,
together with support to and coordination with State and local air pollution
agencies, as required to ensure that stationary sources achieve and maintain com-
pliance with the requirements of the Clean A1r Act. The EPA Headquarters component
provides national policy and guidance, while the Regional Office program Implements
the enforcement effort and assists the States.
Stationary Source Enforcement This program focuses primarily on enforcement
of the repirements estab11 shed 1 n State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for meeting
National Ambient A1r Quality Standards (NAAQSs). The enforcement program also
focuses on new source programs such as New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
As a result of Industry efforts ,in controlling emissions and the effectiveness
of State, local, and Federal control programs, approximately 90 percent of the more
than 18,000 major stationary sources have achieved compliance with all applicable
emission limitations. Although the current rate of compliance represents a signi-
ficant achievement, efforts must continue to ensure that remaining sources come
into compliance with present standards, that compliance 1s obtained with any new or
revised standards, and that compliance,1 once achieved, is maintained. EPA will'
continue to provide State and local agencies with technical support in their
efforts to realize these goals and, where appropriate, initiate its own enforcement
actions.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $15,012,900 supported by 316.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,182,800 will be for Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,830,100 will for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $263,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $165,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
a decrease of 2.0 total workyears. The Increase reflects Increased personnel and
support costs and the decrease reflects reduced Regional requirements for the
reporting of compliance and enforcement data to Headquarters.
In 1988 tht stationary compliance program will continue the basic thrust of
the program now being. Implemented tn 1987. The program, in concert with States,
will continue efforts to address NSPSs, NESHAPs, Prevention of Significant Deterio-
ration (PSD) and SIP violators in nonattainment areas.
A-57
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Implementation of the strategies for the NESHAPs for asbestos demolition and
renovation and vinyl chloride will continue, as will Initiatives to enforce other
NESHAPs standards (e.g., beryllium and mercury). Also In 1988, the program anti-
cipates Implementing new NESHAPs for arsenic, benzene, and coke ovens. An initia-
tive to enhance the compliance of Class A and selected small (non-class A) volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources that Involves more frequent Inspections of VOC
sources, an expanded VOC workshop program, and assessments of VOC regulations will
also continue in 1988 as part of efforts to achieve ozone standards. The funda-
mental activities Such as permitting and compliance functions for nondelegated
programs, maintenance of data systems, participation in section 105 grant manage-
ment and negotiation of State-EPA Agreements (SEAs), and response to formal
Inquiries will be maintained.
In 1988 the Regional program will Implement the NSPS woodstoves program. This
will Include the review of applications for woodstoves certification, the moni-
toring of certification tests, and the evaluation of test results. Implementation
efforts will also include conducting parameter inspections at retail outlets.
During 1988 the Federal compliance program will continue to provide assistance
in selected Federal judicial referrals, consent decrees, and section 120 actions.
There are plans to conduct an estimated 1,694 inspections, and issue approximately
131 administrative orders during 1988. The Regional Offices will also provide
training and workshops for State inspectors and support the development of local
compliance strategies.
In 1988 EPA Headquarters will develop policy guidance and planning and
budgeting materials; review selected Regional activities and Regional program
performance; assure the enforceability of proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs,
NESHAPs, and New Source/PSD programs; respond to formal inquiries; manage the
Compliance Data System; develop workshops, manuals, and pilot studies; and manage a
program to provide technical analysis and case support for Regional compliance
activities. In addition, Headquarters will be involved in the Implementation of
the woodstove NSPS program. This will involve the development of a laboratory
audit program and a Regional parameter Inspection program. Headquarters -will also
be responsible for implementing the laboratory audit program, accrediting labora-
tories, and overviewing woodstove certification.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $14,915,500 supported by 318.4
total workyears to this program, of which $11,919,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,996,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The major focus of the stationary source program in 1987 is to ensure that
.noncomplying significant sources are brought Into compliance. Efforts to improve
working relationships with State and local air pollution agencies and to Improve
their technical capabilities are continuing. Federal enforcement actions, where
required, are focusing heavily on violating sources in nonattainment areas, with
particular emphasis on VOC sources. EPA Is working closely with States In this
effort through implementation of Agency guidance on timely and appropriate enforce-
ment actions. Efforts are also being directed at resolution of NSPS and NESHAPs
violators where the standards have not been delegated or where State action is
inadequate. Implementation of the Agency's enforcement strategy for asbestos
demolition and renovation sources, and enforcement of continuing emissions moni-
toring (CEM) requirements for NSPS sources are continuing in 1987. Major activi-
ties in 1987 also include implementing an initiative to enhance VOC source compli-
ance that addresses Class A and selected small (non-Class A) sources, conducting a
pilot program of intensive inspections of sources that contribute to air toxic "hot
spots," and increasing technical support to ongoing litigation cases.
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $2,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (-$2,000) A reprogramming was made from this activity which
was not reportabTe under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $2,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated $14,106,900 supported by 294.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,896,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,210,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. Extramural resources were used for enforcement case development activities,
compliance monitoring, Regional data management, development of technical work-
shops and manuals to enhance State and local program capabilities, and limited
direct case assistance to States.
Major Headquarters accomplishments included the completion and issuance of
guidance on federally reportable violations, guidance on using CEM data for direct
enforcement, and completion of program evaluations of Regional Offices. Also, as
part of a continuing effort to upgrade inspection programs, EPA completed the
evaluation phase and issued the final report for the Virginia Statewide inspection
pilot.
Other major Headquarters program accomplishments in 1986 included: review of
proposed Agency regulations under HSPSs, NESHAPs, and new source/PSD programs;
management of the Compliance Data System; support of State compliance data program
development; provision of technical analysts and case support for Regional Office
compliance activities, development of two technical workshops to enhance the
capabilities of State and local programs; and development of three new compliance
manuals for State and local programs. Also during 1986, EPA issued 135 administra-
tive orders and conducted 1,987 inspections*.
A-59
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROS? AM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $4,861.9 $4,897.7 $4,897.7 $4,897.7 $5,119.0 $221.3
Abatement Control and $2,067.0 $2,021.5 $2,021.5 $2,021.5 $1,909.6 -$111.9
Compliance
TOTAL $6,928.9 $6,919.2 $6,919.2 $6,919.2 $7,028.6 $109.4
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses $4,861.9 $4,897.7 $4,897.7 $4,897.7 $5,119.0 $221.3
^ Abatement Control and $2,067.0 $2,021.5 $2,021.5 $2,021.5 $1,909.6 -$111.9
^ Compliance
o
Mobile Source TOTAL $6,928.9 $6,919.2 $6,919.2 $6,919.2 $7,028.6 $109.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source 99.8 102.8 102.8 102.8 106.6 3.8
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 99.8 102.8 102.8 102.8 106.6 3.8
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Mobile Source 103.0 104.6 104.6 104.6 106.6 2.0
Enforcement
TOTAL MORKYEARS 103.0 104.6 104.6 104.6 106.6 2.0
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AIR
Hobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,028,600 supported by 106.6 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $109,400 and an increase of 2.0 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $5,119,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,909,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $221,300 and a decrease of $111,900, respectively.
Program Descri ption
The mobile source enforcement program 1s directed primarily at ensuring
compliance with the motor vehicle emission standards and fuel regulations required
by the Clean A1r Act. The activities carried out as part of this program are
designed to ensure that new and in-use vehicles are capable of meeting emission
standards throughout their useful lives, that vehicle emission control systems are
not removed or rendered inoperative, that vehicles incapable of meeting emissions
standards are not Imported Into the country, and that harmful additives are not
present in gasoline. The program also includes the issuance of California and
statutory emissions waivers.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1988 Prog ram Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,028,600 supported by 106.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,119,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,909,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an Increase of $221,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, a decrease of $111,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation, and an increase of 2.0 total workyears. The decrease reflects reduced
administrative costs of the program that monitors the Importation of non-conforming
vehicles. The Increase will support additional recall Investigations for heavy-
duty engines to ensure that the heavy-duty engine standards are met in use.
In support of the ozone control strategy, the recall program will involve
Investigation of 15 suspect light-duty vehicle classes, together with related
diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work. In addition, the types of
vehicles covered by the recall program will be expanded to Include light-duty
trucks and light-duty vehicles destined to operate at high altitude. A heavy-duty
vehicle recall enforcement program will be initiated. Recall investigations will
initially assess the in-use performance of heavy-duty engines certified under the
more stringent 1987 standards. An estimated seven emissions waiver requests from
the State of California will be processed. The regulatory revision for the
Imports program will be Implemented. The program will process an estimated 41,000
applications for Importation of nonconforming vehicles. While administrative
costs will be reduced, investigations of the operations of importers-for-resale
will be expanded in order to ensure that the new regulatory requirements are being
adequately implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program will shift
focus by conducting 12 audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities and six audits
of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities to ensure that new production vehicles and
engines meet emissions requirements.
A-61
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The field enforcement program will consist of inspections of vehicle fueling
facilities, as well as the investigation of suspected tampering and misfueliny
incidents. The focus of this effort will be shifted in 1988 from traditional
sampling of unleaded fuel for lead content to sampling for alcohol and other fuel
additives. Stringent lead phasedown enforcement will continue through monitoring
of refiners' reports. This fuels and tampering inspection work will result in 400
notices of violation from which approximately 34 cases will be referred to the
Department of Justice for prosecution. An estimated three fuels waiver determina-
tions will be issued. Approximately 1,200 consumer inquiries on emission warranty
issues will be answered. Surveys of the incidence of tampering and fuel switching
will be carried out at 15 sites. EPA will continue to assist with the development
of State and local Initiatives aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching.
Implementation of seven new State programs, for a cumulative total of 46, is anti-
cipated. In-use vehicle and engine testing and fuels analysis will be provided by
the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Michigan and vehicle testing
by the Virginia Test Laboratory at Springfield, Virginia.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,919,200 supported by 104.6
total workyears for this program, of which $4,897,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,021,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The recall program continues with the investigation of 24 suspect light-duty
vehicle exhaust emission classes, together with related diagnostic evaluation and
remedy development work. An estimated seven emissions waiver requests based on
statutory requirements and from the State of California are being processed. The
regulatory revision of the imports requirements (scheduled for promulgation in mid
1987) are being initiated, while at the same time the program 1s expected to
process an estimated 50,000 applications for importation of nonconforming vehicles.
The SEA program is conducting IS audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities and
four audits of heavy-duty -manufacturer facilities to ensure that new production
vehicles and engines meet emissions requirements. Approximately 1,200 consumer
inquiries on emissions warranty issues are'expected to be answered. ' The anti-
tampering and anti-fuel switching enforcement program are expected to include
450 investigations, resulting 1n an estimated 30 notices of violation. Surveys of
the incidence of tampering and fuel switching are being carried out at 15 sites.
EPA continues to assist with the development of State and local initiatives aimed
at preventing tampering and fuel switching. Implementation of seven new State
programs, for a cumulative total of 39, is anticipated. An expanded fuels enforce-
ment program continues to focus on effective enforcement of the lead phasedown and
fuels regulations while assuring through a fuels and additives registration
program that the new fuel additives introduced into the market, in response to the
curtailment of lead in fuel, do not pose new environmental hazards. A study of
the effects of using unleaded and low lead gasoline on farm equipment is being
completed.
1987 Explanation of.Changesfromthe Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompli shrnents
In 19S6 the Agepcy obligated $6,928,900 supported by 103.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,861,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,067,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A-62
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Under the recall program 27 investigations were conducted resulting in the
Issuance of one recall order and 34 voluntary recalls affecting nearly 1.3 million
vehicles. A new activity in the recall program was an evaporative emissions recall
investigation. Six statutory and California waivers were issued. The SEA program
continued to ensure that new production vehicles complied with emission require-
ments. Inquiries and applications for the importation of nonconforming vehicles
continued with the processing of 52,000 applications.
The implementation of a strategy aimed at attaining increased State
participation to reduce automobile emissions that result from tampering, fuel
switching, and improper maintenance also continued. This resulted in the esta-
blishment of 12 new anti-tampering and fuel switching programs by States and
localities. Other activities included: the conduct of nearly 10,000 fuels
inspections for compliance with lead, nozzle, and label regulations; issuance of
372 notices of violation in the tampering and fuel switching programs; evaluation
of three fuel and fuel additive waiver requests; and collection of data on fuel
switching to assess misfueling rates. A study of the effects of the lead phasedown
regulations on farm equipment was initiated.
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Water Quality
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Tableof Contents
Page
MATER QUALITY WQ-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-9
Sci entl f 1c Assessment , WQ-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance..... WQ-15
Health Effects WQ-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology............. WQ-17
Environmental Processes and Effects. , MQ-18
Srett Lakes.... MQ-19
Comprehensive Estuarine Management ...... WQ 21
ABATEHENT * CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management. WQ-24
Water Quality Management........... WQ-26
Great Lakes Program.. WQ-Zfl
Chesapeake Bay Program......... ,. WQ-30
Effluent Standards * Guidelines WQ-32
Grants Assistance Programs............... WQ-35
Clean Lakes Program.................... WQ-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)..... WQ-37
Training Grants (Section 104)......». WQ-3S
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-39
Dredge & Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits.. WQ-43
Environmental Emergency Response S Prevention.................... WQ-45
Standards & Regulations WQ-46
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-49
Coastal Env1 ronment Management WQ-51
Water Quality Monitoring * Analysis , WQ-54
Municipal Source Control.. , WQ-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction..... WQ-59
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance.... WQ-61
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement.. * WQ-64
Hater Quality Permit Issuance.* WQ-69
WQ-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
MATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIHATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries H Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research A Development
TOTAL, Water Quality
$93,075,0 $95,712.1 $96,224.7 $95,876,7 $97,564.3 +$1,687.6
$137,127.9 $114,628.9 $134,428.9 $134,388.9 $123,436.4 -$10,952.5
$12,368.7 $7,500.0 $7,988.5 $8,590.0 $8,442.2 -$147.8
$242,571.6 $217,841.0 $238,642.1 $23R,855.6 $229,442.9 -$9,412.7
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,953.2 2,021.1 1,992.5 1,989.8 2,124.6 +134.8
2,146.5 2,181.8 2,179.7 2,177.0 2,124.6 -52.4
$225,930.8 $235,732.7 $243,528.9 $243,257.5 $243,101.3 -$156.2
Authorization for the Clean Mater Act, except for Construction
Grants, expired September 30, 1982. The authorization for
Construction Grants expired September 30, 1985. Reauthorlzatlon
for both Is pending.
-------
WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Agency derives Its water quality objectives from two statutes: the Clean
Water Act and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act. Both laws
direct the Agency to take measures to protect the Nation's waters in order to
safeguard public health, recreational use, and aquatic life.
The Clean Water Act provides a comprehensive structure for water pollution
control. The Act relies on a well-defined partnership between EPA and the States
and EPA continues to encourage the States to take primary responsibilities for
implementing the Act. The Act provides for monitoring of water quality, water
quality management planning to design needed control measures, development of water
quality standards, and establishment of technology-based and water quality-based
effluent limits for point-source dischargers. EPA and the States implement a
permit and enforcement program for municipal and industrial point source dis-
chargers. EPA and the Corps of Engineers regulate dischargers of dredged and fill
materials into waters of the U.S. In addition, the Act provides for grants to
communities for construction of wastewater treatment facilities.
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act is designed to protect the
ocean from unregulated dumping of material that would endanger human health, public
welfare, the marine environment, or economic potential. The Act authorizes the
Agency to develop criteria for ocean disposal of industrial waste, municipal sludges
and other dredged materials, and Incineration-at-sea. For both ocean dumping and
incineration-at-sea, EPA is authorized to designate disposal sites and issue permits
for all nondredged materials. Although the Corps of Engineers is responsible for
issuing permits for dredged materials, EPA must review those applications for
consistency with Agency criteria.
In 1988 and beyond, water quality programs will focus on several major priori-
ties, Including controlling the release of toxic discharges to surface waters,
reducing discharges of inadequately treated wastes from municipal treatment facil-
ities, and restoring the integrity of near coastal waters.
The 1988 Water Quality request focuses on several major objectives to meet the
Agency's statutory requirements in the 1980s:
Control and Analysis of the Effects of Toxic Pollution
During 1988 water programs will focus on the reduction of public health/
environmental risk through control of toxic and hazardous pollutants discharged to
surface waters. EPA will use existing tools to control toxics and will continue to
analyze the need for and develop additional toxic controls.
EPA will prepare a methodology and plan for screening chemicals not now ex-
plicitly regulated under the Clean Water Act. This would Include scientific analysis
of the chemical, review of toxicity Information and ambient levels, treatability
analysis and determination of whether the chemical is likely to be removed by
treatment technologies, and decisions about the need for a water quality criterion.
The program will continue data collection and analyses of approximately eight
unregulated industrial categories known to discharge toxic pollutants, such as
organic chemicals and metals, in significant amounts. The Agency will use these
analyses to decide whether technology-based controls are needed for these indus-
tries.
In the area of intermedia impacts, the program will promulgate regulations for
the use or disposal (land application, distribution and marketing, landfilling,
WQ-3
-------
Incineration and ocean disposal) of sewage sludge to protect human health and the
environment from toxic pollutants In sludge. The program will examine other unreg-
ulated contaminants in fish tissue with potential to bio-accumulate In the food
chain and consequently harm human health. This analysis of bioaccumulative pollut-
ants may identify pollutants for which EPA needs to develop criteria 1n future
years.
In 1988, toxicity reduction evaluations will be continued to support the Agen-
cy's policy for the development of water quality-based permit limitations in the
municipal wastewater program, and to support the development of Best Conventional
Technology (BCT) and Best Available Technology (BAT) limitations in the Industrial
wastewater program. Information will be developed on treatability of hazardous
wastes that will be useful in predicting effluent concentrations, and other
potential water quality problems.
Issuance
Emphasis will continue to be given to Issuance of permits to major municipal
and industrial facilities. Beginning 1n 1987 and continuing Into 1988, priority
will be given to water quality considerations, especially those affecting toxic/
hazardous pollutants beyond the 126 priority pollutants covered by Best Available
Technology (BAT). Permits will be modified to incorporate biomonitorlng and water
quality studies, revisions to pretreatment program Implementation requirements, and
new technology requirements as appropriate.
Research will continue to evaluate the use of health effects bloassays to
determine the potential of wastewater effluents that cause carcinogenic, hepatic,
renal, reproductive or teratogenic effects. The results from these studies will be
used to revise the Health Effects Section of the Technical Guidance Document
describing the use of bioassays to develop NPDES permits.
This program will, also continue with the development and validation of methods
for whole toxicity testing procedures and BAT limits for use in permitting.
.
P retreat ment Comp 1 1 an ce and Enforcement
Pretreatment is an effective method of controlling toxic and hazardous wastes,
while, at the same time, protecting the public's investment in municipal wastewater
treatment. The pretreatment program will continue to rely heavily on States and
POTWs to implement and enforce pretreatment requirements. EPA will continue to
audit approved POTW programs and will focus its enforcement attention on POTWs that
have been approved for three or more years but are still not adequately operating
the program. Emphasis will also be given to specific episodes of pass-through or
interference, as well as assisting and modifying local programs to address addi-
tional toxics and hazardous pollutants, primarily through establishing local limits
and/or new categorical standards. EPA will also take enforcement actions against a
few priority noncomplying industrial users especially where it has direct enforce-
ment responsibility. During 1988 environmental /human health risk reduction will be
a factor in considering enforcement actions in either approved or unapproved States.
Nat 1 pna 1 Hun 1 c 1 pa 1 Pol i cy En f p r cement
As the July 1, 1988 deadline for all municipalities to achieve appropriate
effluent limits approaches, the level of EPA enforcement will increase. Starting 1n
1987 and escalating in 1988, enforcement efforts will focus on ensuring compliance
with schedules. It is estimated that only approximately 40% of the major municipal-
ities will meet their compliance schedules by the beginning of 1988. Another 30%
will meet meet their schedules during 1988. The remainder are expected to violate
their schedule. Enforcement action will be 1n the form of referrals to the Depart-
ment of Justice or administrative orders depending on the magnitude of the violation.
WQ-4
-------
Managing Construction Grants
The Agency has submitted a legislative proposal that would phase out the
construction grants program by 1994 and provide a total of $12,000,000,000 over
eight years. States could use the funds for grants or loans to the communities.
The Agency will work with States to ensure an effective transition of management
and financial responsibility to State and local governments. EPA will issue needed
policies and guidance and provide technical assistance and training. EPA will con-
tinue essential oversight of delegated State programs and wastewater treatment
facilities construction, operations, and maintenance to ensure compliance with
program requirements.
Restoring Integrity of NearCoastal Waters
In the development of the Agency's strategic planning initiative for Near
Coastal Maters, new perspectives have been gained on the serious nutrient and toxic
pollution problems impacting near coastal areas in many parts of the country.
These findings have been confirmed through the Great Lakes and through the national
estuary program.
Building on the experience and expertise being gained in these ongoing planning
and implementation programs, the Agency is working with other Federal programs, as
well as State programs Impacting the near coastal waters and the Great Lakes. The
Chesapeake Bay program has taken the lead In this area through its efforts to
integrate Federal and State nonpoint source control programs. Also, the national
estuary program has designed its estuary study management committees to include
other Federal and State agencies involved in research and control activities impact-
ing particular estuaries. This integration 1s also exemplified in the Great Lakes
program through the technical support being provided to the Regions and States in
permitting and compliance activities, in the development of toxic remedial action
programs, and the implementation of phosphorus reduction programs.
To begin Implementation of the Agency's near coastal waters'strategic planning
initiative, the Agency will begin an assessment of all near coastal waters'to
determine environmental status and water quality trends based on a methodology
developed 1n 1987. In a parallel effort three pilot projects will be undertaken In
selected coastal and marine areas to test innovative solutions for identified major
environmental problems. The pilot projects will be selected based on criteria,
including type of problem, degree of local support, cost sharing, and national
applicability. Both the assessment process and the project selection criteria will
ensure that future Federal resources are targeted to the highest priority areas.
Research on methods to better assess the Impacts of ocean disposal activities
will continue. These methods will be used 1n hazard assessments. Biomonitoring
procedures will be developed/evaluated for coastal and deep water application to meet
permit needs and validate hazard assessment predictions. Research will be Initiated
to develop a long term, Integrated and comprehensive strategic approach to support
the Agency's ten-year strategy to reduce pollution 1n near coastal waters. The
research program is expected to focus on toxicity mechanisms of marine and estuarine
organisms and primary production as they relate to pollutant loads and eutrophication
in coastal systems.
Dredaeand Fin
EPA's emphasis in the dredge and fill program under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act will continue to be the protection of the functions of wetlands for water
supply and quality, fish and wildlife, recreation, and flood and erosion control.
In 1988, EPA will rely more upon the geographical approach to wetlands protection,
first identifying where the most environmentally significant wetland losses are
occuring, and then developing approaches to improve levels of protection for those
WQ-5
-------
wetlands. These approaches will involve both regulatory steps, such as advanced
identification, enforcement, permit review and Section 404(c), and non-regulatory
steps, such as public information.
EPA will continue to build better State programs for protecting wetlands, with
more guidance to the States on certification that dredge and fill discharges comply
with water quality standards. In addition to assisting States to develop programs
to assume the 404 Program from the federal government, EPA will assist in developing
other programs that protect wetlands and other significant aquatic resources.
The policy dialogue on wetlands issues will be completed in 1988, with presen-
tation of the recommendations of the participants from Federal, State and local
agencies, the regulated sector, interest groups and the scientific community.
Appropriate steps will be undertaken to implement those recommendations.
Additional effort in the wetlands research program will be directed toward
Integration of long-term experiments into proposed mitigation projects and the
compilation of permit data for assessing cumulative impacts. Mitigation studies
will focus on developing monitoring methods for wetlands creation/restoration
projects. Research on cumulative impact will be directed toward data requisition
for field validation studies.
WQ-6
-------
WATER QUALITY
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1986 1987 1987 1988 . 1988 vs. 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Ocean Dumping Permits 25 25 25 25
Construction Grants Awards 428 306 490 300 -190
Active Construction Grants
Projects 2,602 2,352" 2,166 1,836 -330
Step 3 and Step 2+3 Project
Completions... 869 821 926 800 -126
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Major.. 192 172 141 185 +44
Minor... 369 500 294 0 -294
Non-Municipal
Major 231 244 133 248 +115
Minor... 587 1000 400 0 -400
General 3 15 8 3 -5
Adjudicator^ Hearings
Settled 63 104 25 67 +42
Enforcement Actions:
Inspections 2,143 2,243 2,100 1,951 -149
Notices of Violation....... 42 50 50 50
Administrative Orders 989 877 900 1,260 +360
Civil Litigation 107 153 118 150 +32
Criminal Litigation 15 5 7 15 +8
Clean Lakes Projects
Awarded 22 0 20 0 -20
Water Quality Criteria 10 9 13 12 -1
Cumulative Outputs
Signed 205(g) agreements 51 50 51 51
Final Effluent Guidelines...... 32 41 38 43 +5
Propose Regulations for
Sludge Reuse/Disposal
Options 5555
NPDES State Program Approvals.. 38 41 39 42 +3
Local Pretreatment Program
Approvals (EPA) 665 730 699 699
WQ-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATERQUALITY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WO-9
Scientific Assessment , WQ-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance WQ-15
Health Effects... WQ-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology WQ-17
Environmental Processes and Effects MQ-18
Great Lakes WQ-19
Comprehensive EstuaMne Management............... WQ 21
WQ--8
-------
WATER QUALlTf
Water Quality Research
JO
10
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
*
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Mater
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
Salaries S Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$322.4
$718.4
$1,040.8
$2,542.9
$779.7
$3,322.6
$1,336.2
$1,033.5
$2,369.7
$2,316.1
$4,041.2
$6,357.3
$8,994.7
$3,753.0
$12,747.7
$302.8
$383.0
$685.8
$2,719.6
$25.0
$2,744.6
$1,515.4
$1,000.0
$2,515.4
$2,351.0
$3,892.0
$6,243.0
$9,561.0
$1,700.0
$11,261.0
$290.2
$364.2
$654.4
$2,412.5
$25.0
$2,437.5
$1,488.4
$984.0
$2,472.4
$2,299.5
$3,463.5
$5,763.0
$9,247.9
$1,654.2
$10,902.1
$290.2
$356.5
$646.7
$2,406.5
$855.5
$3,262.0
$1,434.3
$813.0
$2,247.3
$2,294.1
$3,448.3
$5,742.4
$8,929.6
$1,616.7
$10,546.3
$297.8
$357.5
$655.3
$2,474.1
$24.5
$2,498.6
$1,528.9
$965.8
$2,494.7
$2,303.3
$3,323.2
$5.626.5
$9,175.1
$2,273.6
$11,448.7
$7.6
$1.0
$8.6
$67.6
-$831.0
-$763.4
$94.6
$152.8
$247.4
$9.2
-$125.1
-$115.9
$245.5
$656.9
$902.4
-------
HATER QUALITY
Hater Quality Research
Great Lakes
Hater
Salaries &
Research S
Research -
Expenses
Devel opment
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1986
$623.
$1,837.
$2,460.
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
7 $434.8
2 $500.0
9 $934.8
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
$432.
$1,497.
$1 ,930.
6
6
2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
$451.4
$1,500.0
$1,951.4
REQUEST
1988
$444.0
$1,497.6
$1,941,6
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
-$7.4
-$2.4
-$9.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,136.0 $16,884.6 $16,171.1 $15,806.1 $16,223.2 $417.1
Research * Development $12,163.0 $7,500.0 $7,988.5 $8,590.0 $8,442.2 -$147.8
Hater Quality Research TOTAL $28,299.0 $24,384.6 $24,159.6 $24,396.1 $24,665.4 $269.3
£
JO
o PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 5.3 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 .5
Hater
Monitoring Systems And 47,4 42.7 36.9 36.9 47.6 10.7
Quality Assurance -
Hater
Health Effects - Hater 19.1 20.8 27.1 27.1 27.1
Environmental 36.4 37.5 38.7 38.7 38.7
Engineering And
Technology - Hater
Environmental Processes 149.0 150.5 146.2 143.5 165.1 21.6
And Effects - Hater
-------
WATER QUALITY
Hater Quality Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
Great Lakes Research -
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Hater
Environmental
4.5
261.7
6.2
53.4
24.2
37.5
6.4
262.4
6.0
53,4
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
6.4
260.3
5.5
47.6
27.8 27.1
40.5
39.7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
6.4
257.6
5.5
47.6
27.1
39.7
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
8.0 1.6
292.0 34.4
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7 -1.0
.Engineering And
Technology - Hater
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Hater
Great Lakes Research -
Water
173.4 176.0
7.5
8.0
171.7
8.0
169.0 165.1 -3.9
8.0
8.0
TOTAL HORKYEARS
302.2 311.7 299.6 296.9 292.0 -4,9
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
*
Objective 1; Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pol 1 uti on Cont roT ~ " !
1988: o Report evaluating the need for revising national guidelines for deriving
water quality criteria (Env. Processes)
o Report on impacts of ammonia/chlorine on ecosystems structure and function
in experimental streams (Env. Processes)
o Report on the field evaluation of health effects bioassay methods (Health)
o External 1 ration of Quality Assurance Program - evaluation of performance
(Monitoring)
o Ten water quality human health advisories (Sci. Assessment)
1987: o Ten water quality advisories (Sci. Assessment)
o Ten human health documents of ambient water quality criteria on presently
unregulated chemicals (Sci. Assessment)
o Health effects bioassay methods manual for determining whether receiving
streams meet water quality standards (Health)
o Process-based ecosystem model of water quality functions of freshwater
wetlands (Env. Processes)
1986; o. Report on analytical components of field "study to test waste load allocation
models (Env. Processes) *
o Report on feasibility of toxlcity factors model to derive site-specific
criteria (Env. Processes)
o Distribution of biological . quality control calibration standards, and
other quality control samples (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Envi rprrniental ly Sound
1988; o Report on hazard assessment methods for evaluating ocean disposal impacts
(Env. Processes)
o Report on impact assessment of ocean outfall discharges (Env. Processes)
o Report on the uptake and metabolism of contaminants from sediments in
the prediction of bioaccumulation (Env. Processes)
o Development of methods for predicting biological impacts of 1n-place pol-
lutants in the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels (Env. Processes)
o Development of methods for predicting probability distribution of exposure
for toxic substances in freshwater ecosystems (Env. Processes)
1987: o Development and testing of procedures for evaluating impacts of ocean
dumping/ocean outfall discharge of wastes (Env. Processes)
o Evaluation of the significance of bioaccumulation processes, tissue resi-
due and biological effects of contaminants 1n wastes to be ocean-disposed
(Env. Processes)
o Development of research plan to respond to near coastal waters strategy
(Env. Processes)
o Technical assistance to national and international offices with Great
Lakes concerns (Env. Processes)
1986 : o Development of wasteload allocation model for municipal sewage sludge
at the 106-mile ocean dumping site (Env. Processes)
WQ-12
-------
o Development and evaluation of methods to assess effects of emission
products from hazardous wastes incinerated at sea (Env. Processes)
o Development of source-fate-transportation-exposure toxicity model for
Great Lakes areas of concern (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxtcity Reduction Methods andTechnology
*
1988: o Report on confirmation of identification of compounds identified by
spectra matching (Env. Processes)
o Evaluation of the toxicity of chronic exposure to chemicals found in sludge
(Health!
o Development of concept on real-time process monitoring of toxicity (Moni-
toring)
o Development of design and performance information for landfills receiving
sludge containing toxic organic substances (Engineering)
o Development of five environmental indices/hazard profiles for chemicals
in sludge (Sci. Assessment)
1987: o Revision/refinement of five environmental profile documents (Sci. Assess-
ment)
o Technology evaluations in support of the 100% Modification/Replacement
Program (Engineering)
o Report on the design, cost and performance information for sludge stabili-
zation and dewatering processes (Engineering)
o Distribution of the annual report on "Guidelines for Establishing Test
Procedures for the Analyses of Pollutants" (Monitoring)
1986: o Completion of the final report on the Ohio farms sludge application study
(Health)
o Assessment of the capability of-six alternative treatment technologies
for the control of toxics in marine waste discharges (Engineering)
o Report on the current frequency of occurrence of toxic pollutants in
industrial wastewater (Env. Processes)
WQ-13
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,665,400 supported by 292.0 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $269,300 and a decrease of 4.9 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $16,223,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,442,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$417,100 and a decrease of $147,800, respectively.
Program Description
This program involves the following objectives:
Objective 1; Develop the Scientific Data toSupport aMater Quality JBased
toprpach, to PolTution Control. This research provides the scientific base to
he1p Vtates developsite-specific standards and conduct use-attainability anal*
yses.
Objective2;Develop the Scientific Data Neededto Support Environmentally
SoundTficean Disposal.Estuarlne and Great Lakes Programs, this activity plrdvTdes
theresearch needed for evaluating impacts of ocean disposal practices, understand-
ing the Great Lakes ecosystems, and developing responsive and scientifically valid
estuarine programs.
Objective 3: Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative(I/A) Technologies,
Sludge"^Management Alternatives and toxicity Reduction MethodsanV Technology.the
wastewater research program provides the technical Information, engineering and
monitoring assistance needed by EPA, municipalities, and industry for the develop-
ment and Implementation of regulations and guidance for disposal of sludge, control
of pollution from municipal treatment plants to bring plants into compliance with
state discharge permits, and to support the National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES).
SCIENTIFICASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $655,300 supported by 5.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $297,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $357,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This re-
presents an Increase of $7,600 and $1,000, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. ,
Developthe Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution ControtTThe program will provide support to the program office, Regions
and States for update/modif1cation/1mp1ementat1on of human health criteria on a
site-specific basis for ambient water quality as well as provide assistance for
evaluation of local health hazards from exposure to chemical pollutants and pollutant
mixtures. The program will also provide the Office of Water Regulations and Stand-
ards with revised ambient water quality criteria and health assessments for 301(g)
variance requests.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternativesand ToxicityReduction MethodsandTechnology.' The program will pro-
videtechnical support inthe development andimplementation of regulations for the
WQ-14
-------
management of sludge under Section 405(d) of the CWA as well as provide assistance
1n the development of criteria for the assessment of hazard and risk from exposure
to sludge contaminants Including both chemicals and pathogens.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $646,700 supported by 5.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $290,200 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $356,500 1s from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program Is providing technical support in the development and
Implementation of regulations, for the management of sludge under Section 405 of the
CWA. The program 1s assisting in the development of criteria for the assessment of
hazard and risk from exposure to sludge contaminants Including both toxic chemicals
and pathogens.
1987 ExplanationofChanges fromthe Enacted Level
The net decrease of $7,700 results from the following action:
-Reprograinnring. (-$7,700) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $7,700 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,040,800 supported by 6.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $322,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $718,400 was from the Research' and Development appropriation.
The program initiated a quantitative risk assessment of the land application/
distribution and marketing sludge disposal option for pathogens using a revised
version of the Sandia Lab fate and transport model.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,498,600 supported by 47.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,474,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $24,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $67,600 and a decrease of $831,000, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects enhance-
ment of the in-house research program to support the development of monitoring
methods for the water quality based approach research program. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects the anticipated recovery of quality assurance
costs by charging user fees for quality control and performance evaluation
samples.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Mater Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control"! The program will deve.lop and standardize methods to assess
ambient water quality. The program will also provide field tested protocols
designed to measure and monitor water quality, evaluate biological monitoring
techniques and evaluate a generic approach for the chemical measurement of toxic
organlcs and inorganics in ambient sources.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity .Reduction[Methods, and Technology. The Discharge Monitor-
WO-15
-------
ing Report Quality Assurance (DfWQA) Support Program will be continued to maintain
and improve the quality of self-monitoring DHRQA data submitted to the States and
EPA by the 7,000 major dischargers within the NPDES.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,262,000 supported by 47.6 total
workyears for this program, of whtch $2,406,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $855,500 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program is evaluating chemical monitoring methods and field trials
of protocols designed to measure site-specific aspects of water quality. In addi-
tion, this program provides cost-effective monitoring methods for the measurement
of chemicals and biological parameters required in the National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System program and in the assessment of ambient water quality.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $824,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprograwnings. (+$824,500) Several reprogramnrings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $6,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net Increase of $830,SOO to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,322,600 supported by 53.4 total
workyears for this-program, of.which $2,542,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $779,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, a report reviewing and updating the "Guidelines Establishing Test
Procedures for Analysis of Pollutants" was published in the Federal Register. A
report on "Systematic Approach to Methods Development for RCRA Appendix VIII Anal-
ytes" was presented at the Industrial Wastewater "Annual Symposium on the Analysis
of Pollutants in the Environment."
HEALTH EFFECTS
Ig88 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,494,700 supported by 27.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,528,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $965,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase ,of $94,600 and $152,800, respectively, and no change 1n
total workyears. The increase reflects greater emphasis on field validation
of health effects bioassays which are used to determine ambient water quality,
DeveloptheScientific Data to Supporta Mater Quality Based Approach to
Pol 1 ution"Control". This research program will "Incrlase to evaluate the use of
heaTtheffects bioassays to determine the potential of wastewater effluents to
cause carcinogenic, hepatic, renal, reproductive or teratogenic effects. Research
to develop microblal water quality indicators relating the .quality of shellfish
growing waters to the occurrence of disease in consumers will be completed.
WO-16
-------
Evaluation of jnnovatlve and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Tpxjcity Reduction Methods and Technology!Microbiological re-
search data on the level andrisk of patnophs thatmay cause disease in humans
will be developed. Data will be provided on the feasibility of conducting a field
study on the effects of sludge distribution and marketing on human health risks *
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,247,300 supported by 27.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,434,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $813,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program is providing data on .the health aspects of chemicals
found in sludges used for land application, distribution and marketing and other
uses and disposal options. Also microbiological research data on the level and
risk of pathogens that may cause diseases in humans are being developed.
1987 Explanation of Changes JTOBLthe Enacted Level
The net decrease of $225,100 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrjmmlngs. (-$22S,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted In a net decrease of $54,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $171,000 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
* * *
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,369,700 supported by 24.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,336,200. was- from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,033,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research activities were directed toward determining the health effects of
pathogens, organic and inorganic chemicals in sludge. In addition, the program
supported the development of risk assessment models for pathogens in sludge.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,626,500 supported by 38.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,303,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,323,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $9,200 and a decrease of $125,100, respectively, and a
decrease of 1.0 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
enhancement of our in-house wastewater treatment technology research program. The
decrease in Research and Development reflects completion of research on fine
bubble aeration for upgrading treatment plant capacity.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
AlterMETvesand loxicityReduction Methods and Technology.More cost-effective
treatment wilf beencouragedby evaluatinginnovativeand alternative technologies.
Information will be provided to the Office of Water on sludge management options to
support regulation development and implementation by the States. Toxicity reduction
evaluation (TRE) procedures and removal capabilities will be developed for the
various municipal treatment processes. TRE is used by municipal permitting authori-
ties to assist in issuing discharge permits to industry.
WQ-17
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,742,400 supported by 39.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,294,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,448,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
This program provides the technical information and engineering assistance
needed by EPA and municipalities for the development and implementation of regula-
tions for disposal, of sludge and innovative control of pollution from municipal
treatment plants. The program is also focusing on conducting field validations of
the toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE) methodology. TRE is being used by munici-
pal permitting authorities to assist in issuing discharge permits to industry.
1987 Explanation of Changes froin the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $20,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogr amnii ngs. (-$20,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramnring limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $5,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $15,200 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986Accompl 1 shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,357,300 supported by 37.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,316,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,041,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The engineering research program supported the development of sludge regul-
ations. Technical support was provided to revise the draft regulations on the
pathogen content of sludge for land disposal. A paper entitled "Basis for Risk
Reference Dose for Dietary Cadmium Intake" was published.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,448,700 supported by 165.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $9,175,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,273,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $245,500 and $656,900, respectively, and a decrease
of 3.9 total workyears. The increase reflects the expansion of research on wetlands
and near coastal waters.
Develop the Scientific Data toSupport a Water Quality Based Approach to
PollutTon Control. Research will continue to develop methods to determine what uses
are attainable 1n aquatic systems, and to work on Integrating pollutant-specific
control methods with whole .toxicity testing procedures and best available technology
(BAT) limits for use 1n permitting. New research will be conducted to strengthen
the scientific and technical data base to support the Agency's effort to reduce
the loss or degradation of the wetlands* Improved methods will be developed to
assess individual and cumulative impacts of wetland conversions as well as
effective means of mitigating impacts.
Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Ejy1rjpmental1y,..^<>Mj»d Ocean
Disposal,, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs. Hazard assessment protocols wi 11 be
validated to better assess the impact of deep water ocean disposal. A multimedia
WQ-18
-------
risk assessment for dredged material will be completed and used in evaluating dispo-
sal options. Research will be initiated to develop a long-term, integrated and
comprehensive strategic approach to support the Agency's strategy to reduce
pollution in near coastal waters. The research program 1s expected to focus on
toxicity mechanisms of marine and estuarine organisms and primary production as
they relate to pollutant loads and eutrophlcation in coastal systems, respectively.
Evaluation ofInnovative and Alternative(I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives andToxlcity Reduction Methodsand Technology.Research willcontinue
to milntain and update the exi st1 ng gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library
and develop new analytical data bases of toxic, pollutants found in Industrial
wastewater.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,546,300 supported by 169.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,929,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,616,700 1s from the Research and Development appro-
priation.
Hazard assessment protocols to better assess the impact of ocean disposal of
wastes are being developed in 1987. Research on the marine component of a cross-
media risk assessment is continuing. A process-based ecosystem model of water
quality functions of freshwater wetlands is under development.
1987 Explanatlonof Changes from theEnacted Level
The net decrease of $355,800 results from the following actions;
-Reprqgramnrings. (-$355,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $318,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $37,500 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accomp11shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $12,747,700 supported by 173.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,994,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,753,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishments Included the development of aquatic life water
quality criteria documents for aluminum, cyanide, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper,
ammonia, chlorine and arsenic as well as the development of a wasteload allocation
model for municipal sewage sludge at the 106-mile ocean dumping site.
GREATLAKES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,941,600 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $444,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,497,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $7,400 and $2,400, respectively, and no change in
total workyears. The Great Lakes research program will be maintained at approxi-
mately the 1987 level.
WQ-19
-------
Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Dis-
posal. Estuarine and Great lakes Programs. Research will continue to develop and
test methods to measure, describe, and predict the sources, distribution, movement,
dynamics and effects of organic toxic substances in Great Lakes areas of concern.
A report will be completed on the acute and chronic toxicity of dioxin, furans, and
related compounds of concern in the Great Lakes. This program will also provide the
International Joint Commission, Great Lakes National Program Office, Regions II,
III and V and Great Lakes States with technical support and research data related
£o activities under the US/Canada Water Quality Agreement.
1987 program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,951,400 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $451,400 is from the -Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,500,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The program is focusing on the impact and fate of toxic materials in areas of
concern identified by the Great Lakes Water Quality Board. Emphasis is on in-pi ace
pollutant and chemical mass balance research.
^ Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $21,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$21,200) Several reprogramnings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional rep rog ramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $18,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of $2,400 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accompl i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,460,900 supported by 7.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $623,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,837,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
EPA's Great Lakes program supported the development of a documentation manual
for a phytoplankton simulation model, completion of a study of biological effects
along a chemical gradient, and the development of a source-fate-transport-exposure
toxicity model for a Great Lakes area of concern (Raisin River). Technical assist-
ance was also provided to the Great Lakes National Program Office, the Regions and
the International Joint Commission.
WQ-20
-------
WATER QUALITY
Comprehensive EstuaMne Management
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Comprehensive Estuarlne
Management
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Research & Development
Compreh ens1ve TOTAL
Estuarlne Management
$205.7
$205.7
$205.7
$205.7
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WATER QUALITY
Comprehensive Estuarine Management
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1988. This program is
supported under the Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis subactivity in the Abate-
ment and Control function.
1987 Program
The Agency 1s allocating no resources for this activity in 1987. This program
is supported under the Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis subactivity in the
Abatement and Control function.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $201,700, all of which was from the
Research and Development appropriation.
Monitoring plans were completed for the 106 Mile deep water disposal site
off the the New York-New Jersey coast* In addition, surveys and laboratory analyses
were completed for several marine and ocean sites 1n the Atlantic Ocean and Puget
Sound to determine ambient water quality and to identify and quantify toxic compounds
impacting environmental quality and biota in near shore waters-.
HQ-22
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
T a b1e of Content s
Page
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management ,, WQ-24
Water Quality Management. WQ-26
fireat Lakes Program... WQ-28
Chesapeake Bay Program.................... WQ-30
Effluent Standards & Guidelines WQ-32
Grants Assistance Programs WQ-35
Clean Lakes Program.......*. WQ-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)...,..,.,.., WQ-37
Training Grants (Section 104).... , WQ-38
Water Quality Strategies Implementation.,... .,,..... WQ-39
Dredge & Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits., WQ-43
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-45
Standards & Regulations WQ-46
Water Quality Monitoring » Analysis..... WQ-49
Coastal Environment Management.... ..,..,... WO-51
Water Quality Monitoring * Analysis.. WQ-54
Municipal Source Control..... WQ-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction ........... WQ-59
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WQ-61
WQ-23
-------
HATER-QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hater Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses $3,545.7 $3,783.6 $3,674.9 $3,674.9 $3,778.2 $103.3
Abatement Control and $194,9 $171.0 $171.0 $171.0 $171.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,740.6 $3,954.6 $3,845.9 $3,845.9 $3,949.2 $103.3
Great Lakes Program
Salaries 4 Expenses $1,084.7 $1,073.9 $1,073.9 $1,073.9 $1,205.9 $132.0
Abatement Control and $3,772,1 $3,697.3 $4,197.3 $4,197.3 $3,697.3 -$500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,856.8 $4,771.2 $5,271.2 $5,271.2 $4,903.2 -$368.0
Chesapeake Bay 'Program
Salaries & Expenses $865.8 $857.3 $871.0 $871.0 $1,126.4 $255.4
Abatement Control and $9,169.4 $9,250.0 $9,250.0 $9,250.0 $9,250.0
. Compliance
TOTAL $10,035.2 $10,107.3 $10,121.0 $10,121.0 $10,376.4 $255.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $5,496.2 $5,714.8 $5,619.8 $5,619.8 $6,110.5 -$490.7
Abatement Control and $13,136.4 $13,118.3 $13,618.3 $13,618.3 $13,118.3 -$500.0
Compliance
Hater Quality and TOTAL $18,632.6 $18,833.1 $19,238.1 $19,238.1 $19,228.8 -$9.3
Grants Program
Management
-------
f\»
in
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 198? 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
Water Qual Ity
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
' i.
TOTAL WORKYEARS
71.7
17.7
10.5
99.9
76.5
20.2
14.0
110.7
71.8
18.0
8.6
9F.4
76.6
f
20.0 "
10.0
106.6
70.9
18.0
9.0
97.9
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
70,9
18.0
9.0
97.9
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
5.7
2.0
1.0
8.7
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,228,800 supported by 106.6 total workyears
for 1988,,, a decrease of $9,300 from 1987. Of the request, $6,110,500 will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $13,118,300 will be for the Abatement,.
Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $490,700 and a decrease of
$500,000, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity Include:
Hater Quality Management -- The goal of this program 1s to ensure that Federal,
State andfocal1 agencies identify and control point and nonpoint source problems.
It Includes management of State financial assistance under Sections 106, non-con-
struction grants 205(g), 205(j), and management of joint Federal/State programs
under Sections 208 and 303. The nonpoint source (NPS) program encourages other
Federal agencies to support development of cost-effective state and local programs
to control nonpoint sources of pollution in priority waters.
GreatLakes Program -- This program provides assistance in Implementing U.S.
program in support of the U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. A
major focus of the program is the measurement of ambient conditions 1n the Great
Lakes in order to determine compliance with the objectives of the Agreement. The
monitoring portions of the program measure water quality trends and the effect-
iveness of remedial responses to emerging pollution problems.
Chesapeake Bay Program As a result of the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality
Study, the Agency is committing significant resources to restore Bay water quality.
The Agency is assisting the Bay States and the District of Columbia in implementing
activities to control nutrient and toxic effects in the Bay. In addition to main-
taining the Bay Liaison Office in Annapolis, the Agency will provide cost sharing
grant assistance to the States for Implementing nutrient and toxic controls. The
Agency conducts detailed monitoring and modeling studies to assist in the clean-up
effort.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,949,200 supported by 76.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,778,200 will be .for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $171,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an Increase of $103,300 in Salaries and Expenses and no
change in Abatement, Control and Compliance or total workyears.
EPA will continue to negotiate and manage performance-based grants which
specify the performance expected by States. Regions will focus oversight activities
to direct States towards achieving workplan commitments, issue guidance and funding
targets for specific priority activities, assure that States maintain continuing
planning processes, and ensure water quality management planning requirements are
met. All State level-of-effort (LOE) contributions will be reviewed to assure com-
pliance with required State amounts. Headquarters will analyze the results of five
on-s1te 1987 program audits and Initiate corrective actions for problems identified.
WQ-26
-------
EPA will update its nonpoint source (NPS) strategy to reflect chanying needs
and priorities as other Federal agencies, State NPS programs and related EPA programs
(groundwater, pesticides, estuaries) proceed to implement specific elements of the
strategy. The program will implement comprehensive Memoranda of Understanding
(HOU) with three Federal agencies to (1) continue to Incorporate the most cost-
effective best management practices from the Rural Clean Water program in all USBA
fanner programs; (2) implement rangeland best management practices and assure
consistency between Bureau of Land Management requirements and State NPS efforts;
and; (3) continue transferring experiences from the model Chesapeake Bay NPS program
nationwide. Regions will negotiate with other Federal agencies to continue to use
their existing resources/delivery systems to provide technical support and training
to States and landowners/managers in designing and Implementing NPS controls. Some
Regions will review and comment on selected annual land management plans prepared
by other Federal agencies. In 1988, the Agency will devote approximately 6.0 total
workyears to nonpoint source activities in this program.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,845,900 supported by 76.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,674,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $171,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, the Agency continues to emphasize negotiation and management of
performance-based grants, including the negotiation and tracking of annual program
priorities and State workplan commitments. Reviews of Regional programs are being
conducted to ensure that Regions and States are implementing Agency policies,
implementing the performance-based grant policy and resolving state accounting
system issues. EPA will continue to assure that State LOE requirements are met and
will help resolve issues in three states regarding the adequacy of State accounting
systems, assure repayment of an LOE deficit in one State, review and recommend action
on a State deviation request and work 'with the Inspector General and one state to
resolve a disputed LOE. *
In the NPS management area, EPA continues primarily to leverage other Federal
programs. This effort focuses on working with USDA agencies on agricultural and
siivicultural NPS problems, but includes work with the Department of the Interior
on grazing lands management and with the Department of Defense on expanding a
Chesapeake Bay area pilot program to other military installations nationwide. The
Regions are implementing selected elements of the NPS Strategy, concentrating on
ensuring that other Federal field programs assist specific State NPS implementation
activities in priority watersheds and ground-water areas and on reviewing NPS manage-
ment plans for Federally owned lands.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
t
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $3,740,600 supported by 76,i total workyears for
this program, of which $3,545,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $194,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986, the Agency continued the essential functions of allocating Section
106 funds, providing guidance on basic program issues, ensuring State compliance
with LOE requirements and conducting mid-year evaluations of Regional offices.
Headquarters provided the Regions with a new AOP system (HQMIS) that will enhance
Regional capability to negotiate and track State workplan commitments. Ten State
WQ-27
-------
LOE issues were resolved through repayment of deficits in three states amounting to
more than $1,000,000, and agreement on new LOEs in seven states were completed.
Regions and States completed a State-by-State NPS assessment, used it to
identify and fill data gaps, began to rank nonpoint problems and develop manage-
ment programs in priority areas. EPA continued to work with USDA to target existing
Federal resources on problems related to agriculture and to improve silviculture
programs related to NPS.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,903,200 supported by 20.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,205,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $3,697,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance approp-
riation. This represents an increase of $132,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase in Salary
and Expenses reflects increased operating costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects reduced needs following the start-up of a pilot program to
address the problem of in-place sediments within the Great Lakes basin.
The Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide lead-
ership in meeting the United States obligations under the 1978 Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement with Canada, as well as under the 1983 supplementary agreement on
phosphorus control. GLNPO will continue to provide the International Joint Com-
mission (IJC) and its Water Quality Board with technical and policy support and
also to continue to participate in bi-national committees and task forces. It will
be responding to Information requests and providing technical support to Agency
Headquarters .and to the Department of State on official Canadian requests and notes
concerning United States' Great Lakes policies and programs. GLNPO will also con-*
tinue to provide support to Regions II, III and V on water quality standards and on
technical matters in the development and review of permits and permit compliance
impacting the Great Lakes.
The program office will continue its work on Great Lakes monitoring through
its annual programs for conventional and toxic pollutants, its collection, analyses,
and reporting on both open lake migratory and near shore non-migratory fish, and
its collection of precipitation samples through the Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposi-
tion (GLAD) network for the analyses of metals, nutrients, and organic toxics. These
analyses will be used to determine metals and nutrient loadings to the Great Lakes
as a basis for the design and operation of local pollution abatement programs.
During 1988, the program office will continue the collection of nutrient and
toxics loadings and transport data for hydraulics, sediments, tributaries, and
atmospheric and point sources in support of the ongoing Green Bay mass balance
modeling effort. GLNPO will provide dlrectidn and assistance in completing the
development, review, and approval of the remaining nine (of 30) Remedial Action
Plans for the U.S. Areas of Concern. The program office will also be tracking and
reporting on the local implementation of all the Remedial Action Plans following
the required bi-national approval of each of the Plans,
The program office will prepare the 1988 Nonpoint Source Reduction Plan Imple-
mentation Report required by Annex 3 of the Water Quality Agreement. GLNPO will
also conduct tracking of nonpoint source pollution control practices according to
the revised tracking systems. It will also be providing technical assistance and
monitoring for the Great Lakes States' phosphorus reduction efforts, including
elements of the 1986 United States Plan for Phosphorus Load Reduction to Lakes
Erie, Ontario, and Saginaw Bay, which .was prepared under the terms of the 1983
supplementary agreement.
WQ-28
-------
1987 Prog rani
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,271,200 supported by 20.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,073,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,197,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program office is continuing to conduct a wide range of monitoring activi-
ties and laboratory analysis with emphasis on in-place toxics and on the operation
of the modified 6LAD network to identify and quantify airborne toxics. 6LNPQ has
initiated a mass balance study for Green Bay. The study is building on the know-
ledge and experience gained in the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels study.
The Connecting Channels study will be completed in 1987, with a report to the
Administrator scheduled in September. During 1987, the program office is develop-
ing a pilot program which will begin to address the problem of contaminated in-place
sediments , identified as a major problem in most of the Areas of Concern within the
Great Lakes basin.
In 1987, the program office is continuing a major effort to assist in the
completion, review, and approval of the Remedial Action Plans for 13 of the U.S.
Areas of Concern identified by the IJC. Also, the program office is currently
working with all concerned parties to determine if the Water Quality Agreement with
Canada should be renegotiated. Should it be determined that the Agreement requires
renegotiation, GLNPO will provide the principal support and assistance to the
participants in the renegotiation process.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishroents
In "1986, the Agency" obligated a* total of $4,856,800 supported by 20.2 work-
years for this program, of which $1,084,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,772,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Connecting Channels study completed the second of its two field survey
seasons for the bi-national ecosystem analysis during which the sampling of the
connecting channels' water and sediment were conducted. The study ultimately
carried out 150 separate scientific projects within the four channels.
During 1986, the U.S. phosphorus load reduction plan, called for by the 1983
Phosphorus Load Reduction Supplement to Annex 3 of. the 6LWQA, was completed and
approved by the involved United States jurisdictions and forwarded to the Depart-
ment of State prior to its submission to the IJC. This plan is based on the
reduction plans developed by the: States of Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and New York with assistance and direction provided by GLNPQ. The tracking of
implementation activities by the United States jurisdictions has already been
inaugurated by the program office.
In 1986, GLNPO redesigned its Great Lakes Acid Deposition (GLAD) network. The
redesigned network will now be capable of better estimating the characteristics and
sources of toxic air pollution to and within the Great Lakes basin.
GLNPO continued its sampling network and laboratory activities. Water chem-
istry, biota, sediment and air analyses, called for under the water quality Agree-
ment were carried out. In addition, the program office was the catalyst in the
WQ-29
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development of the first uniform multi-state fish consumption advisory to be issued
in the nation. This advisory, which 1s now in place for Lake Michigan, was negot-
iated among the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1966 Program Request.
The Agency requests a total of $10,376,400 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,126,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $9,250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance approp-
riation. This represents an increase of $255,400 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
or in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
operating costs.
In 1988, the Agency will continue working with the Bay States on the use of
grant funds to implement the elements of the Bay Restoration and Protection Plan
begun during 1986. Of Importance will be matching grants(for the implementation of
the nonpoint sources control plan elements, including those in identified critical
areas. Work to date indicates that about 90,000 acres have been treated with best
management practices (BMPs), resulting 1n a savings of 540,000 tons of soil from
eroding and stopping nearly 600,000 pounds of phosphorus from entering the Bay.
Water quality monitoring of pilot areas will be used in conjunction with water
quality models to evaluate results of nonpoint source control implementation and to
develop quantitative relationships between pollution controls and improvement of
water quality. Work will be expanded in the area of toxic chemical control and 1n
the coordination of pollution controls to Improve the management of living resources
in the Bay.
Following the update of the 1980 Bay watershed modelt to 1985, the model
be used with the two dimensional steady-state model to determine dissolved oxygen
and nutrient levels. The development of a three dimensional time- variable model as
a basis for waste load allocations will continue. This work will -parallel and be
tracked against the other estimating techniques being used to implement the find-
ings of the Interim Report of the Program to be published in 1987.
The Agency will continue to provide technical and administrative staff support
to the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Committee and Executive Council. Coordination
functions will be carried out with the States, other Federal Agencies, and other
Bay management agencies to ensure continued progress is made in restoring Bay water
quality. The Agency's support for monitoring the main stem of the Bay will continue
1n concert with the States' focus on the major tributaries. Continued support will
be provided for maintaining and improving the Chesapeake Bay data system which is
reported on annually.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,121,000 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, of which $871,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,250,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
During 1987, the Agency is awarding grants to the Bay States to Implement the
recommendations of the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Plan of 1985.
These 50 percent cost sharing grants emphasize nonpoint source control efforts and
will be targeted on projects which support the long-term need for reducing loadings
of toxics and nutrients. Assistance is being primarily provided to identify
critical farm units within the sub-basins, develop plans and schedules for imple-
menting Best Management Practices (BMPs) define outreach programs to encourage
WQ-30
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farmer participation, and develop long-term comprehensive implementation programs.
The objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMPs in critical areas so that
more farmers will adopt the practices.
Grant assistance is also being provided to implement controls on new urban and
suburban development and on methods to retrofit nonpoint source controls in devel^
oped areas.
The Agency, working through the Chesapeake Bay Program's coordinating comm-
ittee structure, provides staff support of technical analyses and coordination of
State Agencies and the six major Federal agencies working within the program.
Coordination in 1986 emphasizes a second phase of planning which includes toxic
controls and the Integration of other pollution control, permitting and resource
management programs which can extend the effectiveness of the existing program.
The Agency will complete the watershed and Bay water quality models that will
project the Bay's response to control programs. The Agency's support for monit-
oring the mainstem of the Bay will continue in concert w'ith the States' focus on
the major tributaries.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $10,035,200 supported by 14.0 total
workyearS for this program, of which $865,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,169,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The research and programmatic activities relating to the Bay and Its basin of
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey,
the Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Fish and Wildlife
Service of the Department of the Interior were coordinated through the Liaison
Office. The office also reflected these activities in the development of management
strategies for point and nonpoint source pollution controls under the policy direc-
tion of the Executive Council and with the guidance of the Implementation Committee
and its subcommittees.
During 1986, the Agency awarded demonstration grants to the Bay States to
implement the recommendations of the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Plan
of 1985. These SO percent cost share grants are being concentrated on nonpoint
source control activities to begin reducing toxic and nutrient loads to the Bay.
The Executive Council decided in. July, 1986 to prepare an Interim Report of
the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Planning Program. This report, expected in
mid-1987 will set target loads for nutrients and make preliminary recommendations
on programs to control other Bay pollutants.
WQ-31
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards 8 Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $3,514.6 $2,774.6 $2,661.3 $2,661.3 $2,677.6 $16.3
Abatement Control and $4,175.0 $3,462.4 $3,462.4 $3,462.4 $3,412.4 -$50.0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,689.6 $6,237.0 $6,123.7 $6,123.7 $6,090.0 -$33.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,514.6 $2,774.6 $2,661.3 $2,661.3 $2,677.6 $16.3
Abatement Control and $4,175.0 $3,462.4 $3,462.4 $3,462.4 $3,412.4 -$50.0
Compliance
Effluent Standards & TOTAL $7,689.6 $6,237.0 $6,123.7 $6,123.7 $6,090.0 -$33.7
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards & 63.2 47.'0 47.0 47.0 49.0 2.0
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS 63.2 47.0 47.0 47.0 49.0 2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards & 66.1 50.0 50.0 50.0 49.0 -1.0
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKfEARS 66.1 50.0 50.0 50.0 49.0 -1.0
-------
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,090,000 supported by 49.0 total workyears for
1988, a decrease of $33,700 and 1.0 total workyear from 1987» Of the request,
$2,677,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,412,400 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $16,300
and a decrease of $50,000, respectively.
Program Description
Effluent Standards and Guidelines - This program develops and promulgates
effluent standards and guidelines under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the
Clean Mater Act (CWA). Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT)
limitations represent the best existing performance in an industrial category or
subcategory. Best Conventional Technology (BCT) is the basis for limiting conven-
tional pollutant discharges from existing sources and is equivalent to BAT for
conventional pollutants. New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are based on the
best available demonstrated technology. Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources
(PSES) are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants which pass through,
interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with a Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) treatment process or sludge disposal method. The regulation for new sources
is Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS).
Increasing program emphasis is directed at establishing effluent limitations
for industries'discharging directly to waterways and indirectly through POTWs. The
Domestic Sewage Study (OSS) required by Section 3018(a) of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments (HSWA).to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) identi-
fied hazardous wastes passing through sewer systems into POTWs. Section 3018{a)
requires revision of existing regulations and promulgation of new regulations to
protect human health and the environment from hazardous substances.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,090,000 supported by 49.0 total workyears
for the program, of which $2,677,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,412,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $16,300 and a decrease of $50,000,
respectively, and a decrease of 1.0 total workyear. The increase in salaries and
expenses is for increased operating costs. The decrease in workyears and Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflects the Agency's progress in developing effluent guide-
lines.
In 1988 the program will propose regulations or issue guidance for permit
writers and control authorities for nine non-regulated industry categories and three
regulated categories. Regulations will be proposed for the Pharmaceuticals industry
identified in the DSS as the highest discharger of uncontrolled substances to POTWs.
Data gathering will begin on 4 non-regulated and continued on 2 regulated industries
on the control of non-priority hazardous constituents. Final regulations will be
issued for the placer mining industry, and regulations for the offshore oil and gas
industry will be reproposed or finalized. Regulatory decisions will be made for
the onshore and coastal oil and gas industries. Final BCT rules will be issued for
the remaining primary industries.
WQ-33
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The program will provide support to post-promulgation negotiation and litiga-
tion, as needed. As the result of two settlement agreements, there will be one
proposed and one final amendment issued. The program will continue to provide
technical and policy assistance to Regions, States, municipalities and industry by
conducting approximately 15 technical workshops to identify problems and provide
information and data on pollutant discharges, treatment technologies, and wastewater
characteristics.
1987Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,123,700 supported by 50.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,661,300 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,462,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
One remaining Consent Decree regulation (Organics) is being promulgated. The
program is focusing on completing sampling and analyses, and publishing decision
documents for three industrial categories. Work on non-priority hazardous consti-
tuents 1n industries identified in 1986 continue with studies on two additional
industrial categories Initiated, and final NSPS rules for Pharmaceuticals and BCT
rules for Pharmaceuticals and pulp and paper will be issued.
Post-promulgation support will continue. The final phosphate fertilizer
amendment will be completed and three final amendments and one proposed amendment
will be issued in response to settlement agreements. The program will continue to
emphasize*technical assistance to Regions, States, municipalities and industry by
conducting approximately 15 technical workshops to identify problems and provide
information and data on pollutant discharges, treatment technologies, and wastewater
characteristics.
1987Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 198? Budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $7,689,600 supported by 66.1 total- workyears for
this program, of which $3,514,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,175,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program initiated Investigation of industrial categories of regulated and
unregulated industries identified by the DSS as dischargers of hazardous/toxic
wastes. Over 350 chemical constituents were analyzed and workplans developed to
determine which industries warrant national regulation. Onshore and coastal oil
and gas and offshore oil and gas were evaluated and continued efforts were made to
make regulatory decisions for multi-media control of volatile organics 1n the
pesticides, organic chemicals, and phamaceutical Industries. Sampling and analysis
of paper mills to identify dioxln sources was Initiated,
Post-promulgation support was provided. Final amendments to three NRDC Consent
Decree regulations (Coal Refining, Battery Manufacturing and Copper Forming) were
promulgated. Three regulatory amendments (Battery Manufacturing, Aluminum and Non-
Ferrous) were proposed. Continued technical and policy assistance to Regions,
States, municipalities and Industry was provided through completion of 25 workshops
to identify problems and provide information and data on pollutant discharges,
treatment technologies, and wastewater characteristics.
WQ-34
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HATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN-THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Clean Lakes Program ,
Abatement Control and $4,785.0 $4,500.0 $4,500.0 -$4,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,785.0 $4,500.0 $4,500.0 -$4,500.0
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106) -
= Abatement Control and $62,103.2 $52,100.0 $62,100.0 $62,100.0 $62,100.0
' Compliance
S TOTAL $62,103.2 $52,100.0 $62,100.0 $62,100.0 $62,100.0
Training Grants
(Section 104)
Abatenent Control and $206.7
Compliance
TOTAL $206.7
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $67,094.9 $52,100.0 $66,600.0 $66,600.0 $62,100.0 -$4,500.0
Compliance
Grants Assistance TOTAL $67,094.9 $52,100.0 $66,600.0 $66,600.0 $62,100.0 -$4,500.0
Programs
-------
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $62,100,000, all of which Is for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for 1988, a decrease of $4,500,000 from 1987.
Program Descript Ion
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Clean Lakes Programs -- Section 314 of the Clean Water Act set forth the
admi ni sf native' and technical requirements for developing a national program to
enhance the quality of freshwater lakes. In February 1980, the Clean Lakes regula-
tion established an operational program of financial and technical assistance to
the States to assist 1n implementing methods and procedures to protect and restore
the quality of their publicly owned freshwater lakes.
Cpnt rpl Agency 'Resource Supplemental: ipn_ ( Sect 1 on 106) Section 106 grants
supplement State resources for water poTTut ion control programs. They are nego-
tiated annually with 50 states, 7 Territories, and 6 Interstate compact agencies.
Funds are used to carry out a wide range of water quality programs, including
permit issuance, enforcement, monitoring, water quality planning and standards,
waste load allocations, n on point source control, program management, p retreat me nt,
oil and hazardous materials spill response, and other priority programs.
Tra 1 n i ng G ra nt s (.Sect 1 on 104 ) These grants provide training assistance to
institutions of higher education and other public or private agencies and institu-
tions to meet professional manpower needs*
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for the Clean Lakes program. In past years
the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration techniques and assisted
States in classifying lakes, identifying techniques for restoring the level of
water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses, and implemented cleanup and
control projects. Because the Agency has provided guidance to the States on main*
tainlng clean lakes, it believes that the States are now able to address lake
restoration needs, along with other local priorities, under their existing water
quality management programs.
1987
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,500,000 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for this program. The funds provided are
being used for existing projects. The Agency expects to award 22 grants for improv-
ing conditions in publicly-owned freshwater lakes.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
WQ-36
-------
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,785,000 from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Grants were made to existing projects in 22 states
to implement actual control measures, and to refine controls needed to restore,
of enhance, uses for specific lakes.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $62,100,000, all of which is for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, which represents no change from 1987.
Section 106 grants will provide funding assistance for operation of State
water pollution control programs for 63 State, Interstate and Territorial agencies.
State efforts in 1988 will be directed to aggressively implementing standards, reg-
ulations, and policies already in place, i.e., developing water quality standards,
assessing water quality conditions and trends, developing nonpoint source (NFS) and
groundwater strategies, issuing permits, and pursuing enforcement actions.
In 1988 States will accelerate reorienting their programs to support the
national program priority of controlling toxic discharges/hazardous wastes to
surface waters. States will work with EPA to screen, investigate, and determine
control strategies for unregulated Chemicals and to revise water quality standards
to incorporate numeric or narrative standards for toxic pollutants. States will
direct various types of analyses toward toxic controls, will issue and enforce
third round National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits with
Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) and water quality-based
requirements and, in conjunction with other Federal/State/local programs, develop
Nonpoint Source (NPS) control programs. Emphasis will also be placed 'on Improving
effectiveness of local pretreatment requirements by conducting audits and inspec-
tions. NPDES compliance and enforcement efforts will focus on reducing the discharge
of inadequately treated wastes from POTWs by enforcing the Clean Water Act (CwA)
municipal compliance deadline. States will also take enforcement action against
POTWs that fail to implement local pretreatment programs, including actions
against industrial users, where necessary. States will revise their Water Quality
Management (WQM) plans, develop strategies for "before and after" monitoring, and
report on the success of toxic controls.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $62,100,000 for Section 106 grants, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987, the States are shifting emphasis from control of conventional and
priority pollutants to increased control of water quality-based toxic and nonconven-
tional controls. The States are monitoring and identifying waters where uses are
not fully attained and where water quality-based controls for toxic/nontoxics are
needed. States are conducting analyses for waters identified as needing additional
controls to attain designated uses, are incorporating water quality criteria
and/or narrative standards for toxic pollutants into State water quality standards,
and ensuring the correct implementation of ant1degradation policies.
State permitting efforts in 1987 are fodusing on reissuing/modifying NPDES per-
mits to control toxic/nonconventional pollutants based on water quality considera-
tions. Permit's include limitations and conditions based on biomonitoring and
water quality studies (new/revised WLAs), best management practices (BMP) and
pretreatment program requirements. States are conducting compliance monitoring
activities, including audits and inspections of local pretreatment programs.
WQ-37
-------
Enforcement efforts focus on establishing/enforcing schedules In administrative
orders (AOs) or judicial orders to meet the Clean Water Act deadline of July 1,
1988 for municipal compliance.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
In 1986, the Agency obligated $62,103,200 for Section 106 grants from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. States issued over 900 major and
7000 minor NPDES permits and completed over 3700 major facility compliance inspec-
tions. States conducted 150 intensive surveys and performed 450 analyses for
conventional and toxic pollutants. States developed analytical capabilities to
support Increased emphasis on water quality based permitting and toxic effluent
limits for NPDES permits. Finally, 36 States had completed or revised groundwater
protection strategies.
TRAINING GRANTS (SECTION 104)
1 988 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for these grants in 1988. The Agency believes
that sufficient interest and opportunities exist for persons to enter environmental
professions without Federal support,
1987 Program
No funds are being allocated to this program element in 1987. Beginning in
1987, the Agency's academic training funds are' being managed centrally within the
interdisciplinary program.
1U98? |xj)i a ination of Changes t f rom ^ the i Enactedl JLeyel
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $206,700 from the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation for training grants. These funds were used to support graduate
level academic training in environmental sciences and engineering at 26 universi-
ties.
WQ-38
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PROGRAM
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
£
VO
Dredge and Fill
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,930.4 $2,944.5 $3,698.2 $3,698.2 $3,849.6 $151.4
$1,379.4 $1,653.3 $1,653.3 $1,653.3 $1,992.5 $339.2
TOTAL $4,309.8 $4,597.8 $5,351.5 $5,351.5 $5,842.1 $490.6
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,198.5 $2,491.9 $2,666.0 $2,666.0 $2,751.4 $85.4
$5,361.1 $6,579,2 $6,579.2 $6,579.2 $6,127.9 -$451.3
TOTAL $7,559.6 $9,071.1 $9,245.2 $9,245.2 $8,879.3 -$365.9
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Cotnpllance
Standards 8 Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries it Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Hater Quality Strat- TOTAL
egles Implementation
$2,007.8 $2,587.4
$1,479.5 $1,848.0
$2,697.4 $2,697.4 $1,928.3 -$769.1
$1,848.0 $1,808.0 $1,200.0 -$608.0
TOTAL $3,487.3 $4,435.4 $4,545.4 $4,505.4 $3,128.3 -$1,377.1
$4,086
$2,660
$6,747
$11,223
$10,880
$22,103
.6
.6
.2
.3
.6
.9
$4
$2
$6
$12
$12
$24
,130.7
,165.3
,296.0
,154.5
,245.8
,400.3
$4
$2
$6
$13
$12
$25
,193.9
,165.3
,359.2
,255.5
,245.8
,501.3
$4
$2
$6
$13
$12
$25
,193
,165
,359
,255
,205
,461
.9
.3
.2
.5
.8
.3
$4
$2
$6
$12
$11
$24
,310.4
,115.3
,425.7
,839.7
,435.7
,275.4
$116.5
-$50.0
$66.5
-$415.8
-$770.1
-$1,185.9
-------
-p.
o
WATE.R QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET
1986 ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards S Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Envi ronmental Emergency
Response S Prevention
Standards S Regulations
TOTAL WORKYEARS
67.4
44.8
46.6
80.9
239.7
72.6
46.3
52.3
89.0
260.2
68.8
52.3
61.2
84.7
267.0
75.3
55.4
68.0
. 91.6
290.3
79.8
50.6
62.6
83.5
276.5
85.3
55.4
68.0
91.6
300.3
79.8
50.6
62.6
83.5
276.5
85.3
55.4
68.0
91.6
300.3
86.3
55.4
47.0
91.6
280.3
86.3
55.4
47.0
91.6
280.3
6.5
4.8
-15.6
8.1
3.8
1.0
-21.0
-20.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,275,400 Supported by 280.3 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $1,185,900 and 20.0 total workyears from 1987. Of this
request, $12,839,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$11,435,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $415,800 and $770,100 respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Dredgeand F111 This program implements EPA's responsibilities under Section
404 of the Clean Water Act to ensure that discharges of dredged and fill material
are done in a manner which adequately protects wetlands and other waters of the
United States. The program also includes activities to develop State programs to
protect wetlands, and to coordinate public and private programs affecting wetlands
to improve levels of protection for environmentally important functions.
Ocean Pi sposal- Permit s < The ocean disposal program includes the regulation
of ocean disposal by outfat 1s, dumping, incineration-at-sea, designation of disposal
sites, development of ocean disposal policies, and participation in interagency
programs that deal with the development and protection of ocean resources. The
Agency's ocean disposal programs are authorized by the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) of 1972 and the Clean Mater Act,- as amended, and are
consistent with the mandatory provisions of the current Convention on Prevention
of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, known as the London
Dumping Convention.
To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposal of all materials except dredged material, which
is regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. MPRSA also prohibits the trans-
portation and dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological, and radiological war-
fare agents and high level radioactive materials. EPA has statutory responsibi-
lity for designating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention -- This program will continue
to mainatain an around-the-clock capability to receive notice of and respond to
major incidents of accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products. (Spills
of hazardous substances are covered under Superfund.) Removal actions will be
directed by Regional personnel at serious incidents where the responsible party is
unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is incapable of providing adequate response,
and where State or local authorities lack appropriate expertise or resources.
The cleanup monitoring program will continue to provide incentive for adequate
removal by responsible parties, as well as to serve as a mechanism for drawing
State and local agencies into directing removals themselves. The Agency's focus in
1988 will be on encouraging State and local governments to assume a greater share
of the responsibility for responding to oil spills. Federal resources, therefore,
will be concentrate on major actions where State, local, or private response 1s not
feasible.
Standards and Regulations This program implements water quality-based con-
trol s"^~s^HTn^T«ter^iIaT!fy standards under Sections 303, 304(a), and 307(a) of
the Clean Water Act (CWA). EPA and the States use the water quality criteria
adopted in the standards as the basis for water quality-based controls. EPA pub-
WQ-41
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lishes guidance on water quality criteria applicable to freshwater, marine, and
estuaMne environments and sediments. Under Section 405, the Agency develops
and publishes regulations which provide guidelines for the disposal and utilization
of sludge. This program also includes Clean Lakes grants management. Both Head-
quarters and Regional programs are supported by ttu's program element.
DREDGE AND FILL
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,842,100 supported by 86.3 total workyears
for 1988, of which $3,849,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,992,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an Increase of (151,400 and $339,200 respectively and an increase
of 1.0 total workyears. The Increases reflect the Agency's focus on wetlands
Issues and support for State programs to protect wetlands. Additional program and
technical guidance will be developed on wetland functions and impact evaluation, and
additional assistance will be provided to States.
The program emphasis in 1988 will be to strengthen the base program of permit
review, enforcement and advanced Identification, while simultaneously building a
program framework through which broader program objectives will be achieved. Policy
guidance will be developed for interpreting key provisions of the Section 404(b)(l)
Guidelines, which contain the environmental criteria used in permitting decisions.
More attention will be given to geographical areas where the most significant envi-
ronmental problems are occurring from the loss of wetlands. EPA's regulatory author-
ities will be increasingly targeted on these areas, and efforts will be continued
to relate these efforts to other Federal, State and local programs as well as
private initiatives which affect the environmental quality of these priority
wetland resources. A training program will be developed on enforcement of the
provisions of Section 404, and action will be taken to strengthen cooperative
efforts between EPA and the Corps of Engineers on enforcement. The National Forum
on Wetlands will be completed in 1988, and appropriate steps will be taken to act
upon the recommendations of the Forum.
Continued emphasis will be given to strengthening the scientific base for the
Section 404 program. The joint EPA and Army Corps of Engineers methodology for
establishing jurisdictional limits of wetlands will be completed, and participation
will continue in the interagency effort to develop a consistent and reliable scien-
tific methodology for evaluating wetlands. The wetlands technical training program
will be strengthened. Research studies will be conducted on cumulative impacts on
wetlands, mitigation of losses of wetlands functions, water quality functions, and
water quality standards for wetlands.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency Is allocating a total of $5,351,500 supported by 85.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,698,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,653,300 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation.
During 1987, the policy framework for the Section 404 program is being
strengthened by the issuance of guidance on the Agency's Section 404(c) authority
to prohibit or restrict the use of discharge sites, on advanced identification of
discharge sites as suitable and unsuitable for discharges, and on bottomland hard-
wood wetlands.
A study of ways to improve protection of wetlands through more effective
interaction between the Agency and States will be completed, and steps are being
taken to implement the recommendations of the study. Revisions to the regulations
WQ-42
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on assumption of the Section 404 Program by the States are being promulgated, and
assistance to the States is being increased for studies to evaluate the feasibility
of program assumption, for development of wetlands protection programs, and for
more effective State programs for certifying compliance of Section 404 permits with
water quality standards.
Initiatives are being undertaken to relate the Agency's program to other
programs affecting wetlands, including floodplain management and withholding of
federal financial assistance for activities that harm wetlands.
A National Forum on Wetlands is being initiated, 'with participation of the
Various groups interested in wetlands issues, to develop recommendations for a new
national policy to better protect wetlands.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Program
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,309,800 supported by 72.6 total
workyears, of which $2,930,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
1,379,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation.
During 1986, the Agency expanded its approach to protection of wetlands to in-
clude the identification of the most environmentally significant wetlands loss
problems and used its regulatory authorities in a more comprehensive way to improve
the level of protection for those resources. Guidance was developed for consistent
identification of priority wetlands areas nationally, and the use of the regulatory
process of advanced identification became more widespread as a way to protect prior-
ity wetlands. Advanced identification is a joint procedure involving the Agency,
.the Corps of Engineers, and State and local governments. It Involves the deline-
ation of wetlands within a target geographical area, evaluation of their environ-
mental functions, and their likely suitability or unsuitability for the kinds of
activities regulated under Section 404.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $8,879,300 supported by 55.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,751,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $6,127,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance approp-
riation. This represents an increase of $85,400 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $451,300 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The increase In Salaries and
Expenses reflects Increased operating expenses. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects the completion of technical support work for the incin-
eration-at-sea program.
The Agency will be completing development of a comprehensive revision to the
ocean dumping regulations and development of program guidance and technical prot-
ocols as required. The comprehensive revision will be responsive to two court
cases, amendments to legislation, and the knowledge and experience gained through
program management. As an integral part of the comprehensive revision, the Agency
expects to implement a user fee system for ocean disposal.
WQ-43
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With the promulptlon of the final incineration-at-sea regulation, there will
be Increased site designation and permitting activity, and a corresponding increase
for comprehensive monitoring activities. Further evaluations will be conducted
in fully assessing the long-term impacts of incineration-at-sea.
The Agency will be continuing to review and issue permits for municipal and
Industrial ocean disposal. This activity includes evaluating and characterizing
waste samples on a case-by-case basis. The Agency is delegating the site desig-
nation authority from Headquarters to the Regions in order to accelerate the site
designation program. The Agency will also continue to review dredged material
disposal permits issued by the Corps of Engineers, and will continue the acceler-
ated preparation of environmental assessments to support site designation for those
dredged material disposal sites not covered by the National Wildlife Federation
(NWF) Consent Decree.
The ongoing site management responsibilities will increase as more interim
dredged material disposal sites are designated as final sites and there 1$ increas-
ing use of deep water sites for municipal and industrial disposal operations and
incineration-at-sea burns. There will be a further emphasis on data management as
the number of continuing and comprehensive site monitoring programs Increases
through the operation of the dredged material sites with final designations and of
the deep water disposal and burn sites.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,245,200 supported by 55.4
total workyears for this program, of which $2,666,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,579,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency 1s continuing the development of a comprehensive revision to the
ocean dumping regulations and development of program guidance and technical prot-
ocols as required.
Based on program management and user information collected from Regional and
Headquarters sources on ocean disposal program operations, a user fee system is
being designed. The system 1s being Incorporated in the Agency's comprehensive
revision to the Ocean Dumping Regulation,
The Agency is continuing its efforts to develop final incineration-at-sea
regulations, which also includes the preparation of appropriate guidance documents
and a data management system. There is an increased effort to locate suitable
sites for ocean incineration activities.
The Agency is continuing to review and issue permits for municipal and Indust-
rial ocean disposal. This activity Includes evaluating and characterizing waste
samples on a case-by-case basis.
1987 Explanation of Changes fromjthe Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 198? Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $7,55i;600 supported by 47.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,198,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $5,361,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
WQ-44
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The program continued to develop the ocean dumping regulations to respond to a
1981 court decision, which ruled that the Agency must consider the comparative
environmental effects of land versus ocean disposal in considering an ocean disposal
permit application, and provide for a balancing of the environmental effects of
ocean disposal methods, while meeting specific environmental criteria established
by the statute.
In the area of site designation and monitoring, the program has prepared 4
Environmental Inpact Statements (EIS), designated 8 sites and completed 26 surveys
of interim and existing ocean disposal sites for site designation purposes and to
determine the environmental impacts of disposal. Two deep water sites within the
New York 106-mile site have been monitored in accordance with a comprehensive
monitoring plan.
In 1986, a particular concern was the work to develop the incineration-at-sea
regulations, paralleled by the Implementation of the research strategy for this
program. Additional ports of loading and potential incineration sites have been
considered for designation in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Comprehensive
incineration site monitoring programs have been designed to assure adequate
baseline information for designation and/or to assess the need for continuing
protection of the marine environment through adequate site management. A major
element of the Impact analysis program was the development of a predictive model
to be used in assessing environmental impacts from incineration operations.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1988 grogramjleguest
The Agency requests a total of $3,128,300 supported 6y 47.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,928,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance'appropriation. ,
This reflects a decrease of $769,100 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a
decrease of $608,000 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and
a decrease of 21.0 total workyears. These decreases reflect the fact that some
workload previously supported by this program will now be supported by the Under-
ground Storage Tank Program, the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund and
the reauthorized Superfund program. Responsible parties and State and local govern-
ments will also assume a greater role in this program.
The Agency will have a 24-hour-a-day capability to respond to notifications
of accidental spills or threats of releases. Federal removal is directed at major
incidents where the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is
incapable of providing timely and adequate removal and where the States and local
authorities lack the necessary expertise, equipment, or funding.
Fedteral regulations require the implementation of a Spill Prevention, Control,
and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan at oit storage facilities and transfer points that
could reasonably be expected to spill a significant amount of oil into the waters
of the United States. Regional staff, with assistance from contractor personnel,
will conduct compliance inspections at selected non-transportation-related (NTR)
facilities included in the SPCC program, In an effort to reduce the frequency
and volume of releases that occur.
The Agency also maintains an Environmental Response Team (ERT) to provide
Regional and State personnel with response training and on-stte technical and
operational assistance at complex emergency incidents. The ERT is staffed by
personnel with a high degree of expertise in the areas of spill control and
removal, spill sampling and analysis techniques, and damage assessments.
WQ-45
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,505,400 supported by 68.0
total workyears to this program, of which $2,697,400 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,808,000 Is from the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation.
Headquarters will ensure overall management of the program and the Regions
will be responsible for managing response actions. The oil component of the ERT
will provide special engineering and technical advice at any unusually large or
complex spills. Regional personnel will be available on a 24-hour basis to respond
to notifications received by the National Response Center of accidental releases
of oil and other petroleum products. The Agency will provide on-scene monitoring
at removals undertaken by responsible parties or State and local authorities and
will direct removals at major oil Incidents. SPCC Inspections will be conducted
at NTR facilities.
1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $40,000 results from the following action:
-Reprograinming- (-$40,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportabTe under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $40,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated $3,487,300 supported by 52.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,007,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,479,500 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Regional offices received and screened notifications of oil spill releases. The
Agency directed removals at major oil spills and responded on-scene at non-Federally
funded Incidents. In addition, the Agency conducted SPCC Inspections at NTR
facilities.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,425,700 supported by 91.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,310,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,115,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $116,500 and a decrease of $50,000,
respectively. The Increase reflects increased operating costs. The decrease 1s
due to a change In the Agency's criteria development program of developing more
water quality advisories, which can be done more quickly and at a significantly
lower cost than criteria.
In 1988, the Agency will publish final freshwater and saltwater human health
and aquatic toxicity criteria documents for 10 toxic and non-conventional pollu-
tants, propose 10 additional pollutants requiring criteria documents and Issue
approximately 80 water quality advisories. The program will assist the Regions in
reviewing State standards relating to use attainability* site-specific criteria
development, antidegradation, and the adoption of criteria for toxic pollutants.
Increased emphasis will be placed on toxics and the annual Regional review
and approval of State revisions to water quality standards. Regions will work
with States in identifying water quality-limited stream segments where water quality
standard revisions may be warranted or where additional or revised criteria may be
WQ-46
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needed. Regions will assist States in collecting data for use-attainability analy-
ses, selecting appropriate methods and procedures, scheduling, and conducting the
analyses where necessary. Antidegradation policies will be reviewed for consis-
tency with regulatory requirements and implementation methods will be developed.
Regional staff will work closely with permit writers in the development of appro-
priate water quality-based permits through the interpretation of applicable water
quality standards. Regions and States will determine if site-specific criteria
are necessary. Where necessary, Regions will help States develop and implement
appropriate methodologies and schedules.
The sludge program will promulgate and implement the first set of regulations
and initiate the development of a second set of criteria and regulations for pollu-
tants of concern. More specific sludge criteria focusing on chemicals identified in
the Domestic Sewage Study (DSS) and emphasizing toxic pollutants and risk-based
criteria will be developed. Technical regulations will be proposed for additional
pollutants of concern. Environmental profiles, hazard index documents, and criteria
and technical support documents will be developed. Workshops to assist Regional/
State staffs in Interpreting and applying the regulations will be conducted. The
program will continue to develop quantitative risk assessment methodologies for sew-
age sludge pathogens in each media. The technology-based pathogen reduction regula-
tions for land application will also be promulgated.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,359,200 and 91.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,193,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,165,300 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program continues to emphasize developing and issuing criteria for toxic
and non-conventional pollutants concerning human health and aquatic life. In a
significant recent change, these documents will include the human health effects
of ingesting aquatic life where- bloaccumulatlon of toxics 1s of concern. The
program is beginning to develop water quality criteria advisories as screening levels
to be used by permit writers and is issuing sixty-five advisories.
Sludge regulations are scheduled to be proposed in 1987 and will cover several
reuse/disposal options including: land application, distribution and marketing,
landfilling, incineration, and ocean disposal. The program is proposing revisions
to technology-based pathogen reduction regulations for land application of sewage
sludge. The program 1s conducting an outreach program on the proposed sludge regu-
lations and the proposed technology-based pathogen reduction regulation. Education/
implementation efforts with the States/Regions will be initiated.
The Regions are working with the States in (1) establishing technically sound
water quality standards, as the basis for water-quality based treatment controls
and as enforceable standards through permits; (2) conducting use attainability
analyses and developing site-specific criteria; (3) working with States to identify
and to adopt criteria for toxic pollutants In State standards; and (4) clarifying
antidegradation policies and implementation methods.
1987 Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted
There is no change from the enacte level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Amccompl 1 shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $6,747,200 supported by 89.0 total workyears
for the program, of which $4,086,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,660,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WQ-47
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The program published 12 final and 14 proposed freshwater/marine criteria.
Procedures for advisories were developed and 126 advisories were issued. Sediment
screening level concentrations were developed for 12 pollutants. State adopted
standards were reviewed, use attainability analyses completed, and inclusion of
toxic pollutants in State standards and antldegradation policies were updated.
Five quantitative chemical-by-chemical risk assessment methodologies for use and
disposal of sewage sludge were developed. Qualitative risk assessment methodolo-
gies for pathogenic organisms in sewage sludge were developed and quantitative
risk assessment methodologies for pathogens in each media were developed.
WQ-48
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PROGRAM
HATER QUALITY
Hater Quality Monitoring S Analysis
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
198?
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
a
1
-e»
10
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compllance
$1,432.1 $1,686.8 $1,792*3 $1,796.3 $2,205.3 $409.0
$7,491.3 $6,195.7 $9,195.7 $9,195,7 $7,636.0 -$1,559.7
TOTAL $8,923.4 $7,882.5 $10,988.0 $10,992.0 $9,841.3 -$1,150.7
Hater Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,623.1 $7,436.2 $7,244.7 $7,244.7 $7,186.4 -$68,3
$3,490.6 $2,891.9 $2,891.9 $2,891.9 $2,069.9 -$822.0
TOTAL $11,113.7 $10,328.1 $10,136.6 $10,136.6 $9,256.3 -$880.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Hater Quality TOTAL
Monitoring & Analysis
$9,055.2 $9,123.0 $9,037.0 $9,041,0 $9,391.7 $350.7
$10,981.9 $9,087.6 $12,087.6 $12,087.6 $9,705.9 -$2,381.7
$20,037.1 $18,210.6 $21,124.6 $21,128.6 $19,097.6 -$2,031.0
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
33.3
41.1
42.1
42.1
53.8
11.7
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysts
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
153.8 150.3 148.1
187.1
191.4
190.2
148.1
190.2
158.2
212.0
10.1
21.8
o
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS
36.6
172.7
209.3
44.8
163*. 5
208.3
44.8
163.5
208.3
44.8
163.5
208.3
53.8
158.2
212.0
9.0
-5.3
3.7
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,097,600 supported by 212.0 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $2,031,000 and an increase of 3.7 total workyears from
1987. Of the request, $9,391,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $9,705,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $350,700 and a decrease of $2,381,700, respectively.
Program Desc r i pt i on
The program areas under this subactivity include;
Coastal EnvirpnmentManagement -- This program element integrates all Clean
Water Act activitiesrelated to coastal waters, Including estuarine management,
which was previously budgeted under Comprehensive Estuarine Management, and marine
discharge waivers, which was previously budgeted under Permit Issuance. This
program element provides assistance to support those State and local management
activities required to protect or to restore the estuarine zone and continental
shelf ecosystems, including water quality, balanced indigenous populations of marine
biota, and other beneficial uses, from the adverse impacts of toxic, nutrient, and
other pollutants. The activities supported include: 1) making determinations on
3Ql(h) ocean discharge waiver requests and monitoring waiver recipient discharge
impacts and permit compliance, 2) evaluating all ocean discharges against 403(c)
criteria, 3) supporting State and local studies for selected estuarine initiatives
and 4); implementing the Agency's near coastal waters strategic planning initiative.
This program supports both Headquarters and Regional staffs.
Water Quality'Monitoring and Analysis This program supports biological,
chemical,andphysiea> evaluations of water quality to assess water quality status
and trends, identify water quality problems and their causes, and determine cost-
effective levels of control required to meet local water objectives. The program
emphasizes effective technical guidance and assistance to the States, which are
primarily responsible for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting monitoring data.
These activities and requirements are authorized by Sections 104, 106, 303 and 305
of the Clean Water Act. This program supports both Headquarters and Regional
staffs.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT HANAGEHEHT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,841,300 supported by 53.8 total work years
for this program, of which $2,205,300: will be for the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $7,636,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $409,000 in Salaries and Expenses, a decrease
of $1,559,700 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and an increase of 9.0 total
workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses and total workyears are to
support the conduct of Clean Water Act (CWA) Ocean Discharge Criteria Evaluations
and the implementation of the Coastal and Marine Environmental Quality pilot pro-
jects and assessments. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance is due to
the completion of 301(h) initial decisions and completion of a major component of
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ongoing work in Long
Island Sound.
WQ-51
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The Agency will continue to provide technical support for the review of the
30l(h) marine discharge monitoring programs. Most most waiver decisions will be
completed by the end of 1988, and waiver recipients will begin implementing required
water quality monitoring programs. The focus of the program will be shifted to
managing and analyzing monitoring data from waiver recipients.
The Agency's strategic planning initiative on near coastal waters has high-
lighted the serious nutrient and toxic pollution problems impacting near coastal
waters. In 1988, in addition to ongoing estuarine activities the Agency will begin
an assessment of all near coastal waters to determine environmental status and
water quality trends based on a methodology developed in 1987 as part of the strate-
gic planning initiative. In a parallel effort, three pilot projects will be under-
taken in selected coastal and marine areas to test innovative solutions for identi-
fied major environmental problems. The pilot projects will be selected based on
criteria, including the type of problem, degree of local support, cost sharing, and
national applicability. Both the assessment process and the project selection
criteria will ensure that Federal resources are targeted to the highest priority
areas.
In 1988, the Agency will provide program and technical support to six named
estuary programs. One new estuary program will be initiated as one of the ongoing
programs completes its Master Environmental Plan (MEP). Characterization reports
describing the changes in water and sediment quality, living resources, and pollut-
ant loadings will be completed in three programs. These status and trends reports
will quantify pollutant loads, assess impacts on environmental quality and living
resources, and provide the basis for recommending alternative management actions.
The recommended actions and methods to evaluate the success of abatement activities,
including monitoring, will be contained in the MEP.
The national program's technology transfer activities will focus on further
development of program guidance in selected subject areas, such as modeling,
monitoring, and identifying successful management strategies which have national
applicability for addressing environmental problems in estuaries. Criteria will be
developed to evaluate candidate estuary programs, including susceptibility* to
pollution and indicators of environmental stress.
The Agency will support the Region-by-Region classification of major environ-
mental problems in near coastal waters and will also support the conduct of three
pilot projects to test innovative solutions to the identified major problems. Both
the methodologies for the classification of near coastal problems and the criteria
for the selection of the pilot projects will be developed in 1987 as elements of
the Near Coastal Waters Strategic Planning Initiative.
The Agency will continue to support the preparation of Ocean Discharge Criteria
Evaluations (ODCE) for general permits for offshore oil and gas facilities. ODCEs
for other NPDES marine dischargers will be determined by a national assessment and
priority ranking based on environmental Impacts. Technical assistance will be pro-
vided nationally for categories of dischargers and regionally for Individual dis-
chargers.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,992,000 supported by 44.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,796,300 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,195,700 from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, the 301(h) final decision-making on 301(h) waiver applications con-
tinues to be accelerated to assure that the provisions of the National Municipal
Policy are met. Another priority is that waiver recipients implement their monitor-
WO-52
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ing programs and submit monitoring data to the Agency for analysis and determination
of permit compliance.
For Section 403(c) ocean discharge waiver criteria evaluations, technical
support is being provided during 1987 to the Regions for general NPDES permit
issuance to offshore oil and gas facilities. A 403(c) marine discharger assessment
was undertaken to identify facilities discharging to near coastal and marine waters,
to determine potential impact, and to examine cost effective strategies for conduct-
ing OCDEs for different categories of facilities.
In 1987, the Agency has six active estuary studies. Two programs which were
initiated in 1986 are conducting problem assessments, building public participation
programs, and establishing state project offices. Four programs are establishing
teams of scientists to analyze and synthesize data and target new activities to
address priority problems. These activities include identification and quantifi-
cation of pollutant loads and the review and analysis of water quality and living
resources data to describe how the estuary has changed over time. Comprehensive
five-year plans are being prepared in four programs to ensure the development of a
master environmental plan and the negotiation of a memorandum of agreement with the
participating state to implement program findings.
Support 1s being provided for the four existing estuary studies and the two new
programs. Support is being provided for work of the National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on water quality status and trends in Long Island
Sound. This will provide increased information on toxic contaminant levels in
sediments and living resources, on links between pollutant loadings and observed
effects, and for modeling. Support is also being provided for efforts in the Near
Coastal Waters Strategic Planning Initiative to assess susceptibility of near
coastal waters to pollution, including indicators of environmental stress and
guidance to EPA Regions and States on assessing problems in these waters.
In 1987, the national estuary program is placing increased emphasis on tech-
nology transfer through completing .and distributing a program guidance manual and
developing a handbook which describes management strategies that have been success-
fully implemented in selected estuaries. Increased coordination with other Federal
agencies include an interagency agreement with the Department of the Interior's
(DOI) Fish and Wildlife Service to support status and trends efforts in Regional
programs, expansion of NOAA support activities in the two new estuary programs, and
work with the DOI's U.S. Geological Survey in estimating pollutant loadings to
estuaries and near coastal waters.
1987 ExpIanat ion of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of $4,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. {+$4,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which was
not reportableunder the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $4,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $8,923,400 supported by 36.6 total workyears
for the program, of which $1,432,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $7,491,300 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986, 301(h) activities included the provision of technical support for the
review of marine discharge waiver applications and for final decision-making, as
well as for the development and operation of the required monitoring programs by
previous waiver recipients.
WQ-53
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During 1986, the Agency initiated studies in four estuaries to begin the Ident-
ification of environmental problems. The Long Island Sound project completed
characterization of three priority problems: toxic contamination, dissolved oxygen
depletion, and ftnfish contamination. The Puget Sound program completed an Atlas
describing the distribution of living resources in the Sound, a Protocols document
setting Soundwide standards for data, and the Urban Embayment Strategy for manage-
ment actions in urban embayments heavily contaminated with in-place toxics. The
Buzzards Bay Project completed problem definition for bacterial contamination of
shellfish beds, beach closures, and degraded shoreline Impacts on general water
quality. The Narragansett Bay Project completed a Bay-wide water quality monitoring
program and a wasteload modeling effort to evaluate point source contributors in
two major tributaries of the Bay.
The national estuary program also Initiated two new estuary programs In 1986,
These are Albemarle/Pamlico Sounds in North Carolina and San Francisco Bay in
California. In both programs, participants were Identified, management organiz-
ations proposed, and projects funded to initiate public participation, data manage-
ment activities, and the development of annual and five-year workplans.
Based on recommendations from Regional programs, the National Estuary Program
addressed several Issues such as Indicators of environmental stress in estuaries,
finflsh as Indicators of toxic contamination, and human health risk associated with
contaminated finflsh and shellfish. These efforts included other EPA program
offices and other Federal agencies, such as HOAA and the Food and Drug Administ-
ration (FDA), and workshops with scientists and other experts.
The program continued to implement quality assurance (QA) efforts, Including
oversight of QA required in State grants, participation in Inter! aboratory tests and
review of QA process. The program also began developing Its analysis of State
Section 305(b) Report submissions for 1986.
MATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
-' '""-"""" -r ""'" " -: - - -*r -T-r--- r.- i ii«iiLmuuMim.ii«iioiii.iui«iiMiiiiLii«iTr
The Agency requests a total of $9,256,300 supported by 158.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,186,400 will be Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 2,069,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $58,300 and $822,000, respectively and a decrease of
5.3 total workyears. The decrease reflects reduced emphasis on assessments and
water quality based controls for conventional pollutants.
The program's highest priority will continue to provide data and analysis to
help Implement water toxics control. This includes assisting States In performing
wasteload allocations that determine NPDES permit limitations, and helping develop
the States' capabilities to use biomonitoring techniques in toxiclty control.
Regions will reach agreements with States on technical procedures for assessing and
controlling toxiclty of effluents including biomonitoring techniques and approaches.
These agreements will ensure consistency between States and facilitate Regional
review of the technical basis for total maximum dally loads/wast el oad allocations
(TMDLs/ WLAs), especially for toxics.
EPA will continue to conduct targeted water quality monitoring studies. These
studies will help assess human health and environmental risk, particularly through
accumulation of toxic pollutants in fish and sediments. Based on these results,
future regulatory control actions will focus on reducing exposure to toxic pollu-
tants. Other water toxics control process activities include exposure and risk
assessments for 10 specific toxic pollutants to determine whether additional regu-
latory actions are needed; completing sampling activities to evaluate the technical,
legal and administrative alternatives for mitigating sediment contamination prob-
lems; documenting biomonitoring techniques for assessing and controlling effluent
WQ-54
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toxictty, and the continued development and dissemination of biological survey and
other screening and evaluation techniques to target toxics control actions.
The program will continue to improve the use of water quality information with
the major emphasis on improving State and EPA ability to measure environmental
results. EPA vrill work with the States to implement guidelines developed with the
States in 1987 to Improve consistency and usefulness of State water quality assess-
ments. A nationwide system for tracking State and Regional water toxics control
activities on specific waterbodies will be implemented. The system will help track
assessments for reports required under Section 3Q5(b) of the Clean Water Act,
identify toxic pollutant problems, determine where water quality-based controls are
needed, revise water quality standards and facilitate completion of TMDLs/WLAs.
The program will initiate design of the 1990 National Fisheries Survey to evaluate
changes and trends in water quality since the 1982 National Fisheries Sufvey. The
1990 Survey will evaluate the extent to which the Nation's waters support viable
fisheries and the likely causes for observed problems.
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of 10,136,600 supported by 163.5 total work-
years for this program, of which $7,244,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,891,900 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The program continues to provide data and analysis to help orient State control
programs towards Increasing water toxics control. Data and analyses are used to
help determine which 1f any new pollutants should be controlled through water
quality standards and effluent guidelines and to assure that States and EPA limit
torfcity of effluents in wasteload allocations that determine NPDES permit limita-
tions. An estimated 70 previously identified pollutants with a high potential for
bioacciimulation in the aquatic food chain will be sampled and analyzed and sediment
sampling will be initiated. Guidance will be developed for the use of biomonitoring
techniques for toxic controls. Interactive toxics modeling programs and toxic
screening techniques for States are being developed.
Regions will continue to assist States in performing ULAs and in developing
biomonitoring capability to aid in toxidty control. Regions will review and
approve WLAs/TMDLs submitted by the States and offer States technical analytical
assistance. EPA is working with the States to develop guidelines for assuring that
States develop consistent Section 305{b) water quality assessments to measure
environmental results and to develop Region and State-wide water quality monitoring
strategies.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments '
In 1986, the Agency obligated $11,113,700 and supported 172.7 total workyears
for the program, of which $7,623,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $3,490,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program worked with States to assure that State programs addressed impor-
tant environmental problems and to assure water quality based permits were developed,
where appropriate. The program provided technical support to States in the develop-
ment of water quality-based effluent limitations and in analyzing State backlogs of
toxic pollutant samples. The program also provided assistance to State permit
writers in the use of biomonitoring techniques and the assessment of chronic and
WQ-55
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acute discharger toxicity. Guidance on WLAs and biomonitoring approaches was Issued
and workshops on WLAs and blomonitoring approaches completed.
Sampling and analysis of dioxin isomers and other persistent and bioaecumula-
tive pollutants in fish tissue were initiated. An additional study was initiated
to complete a national inventory of sediment contamination problems,
WQ-56
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MATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS iN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Haste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries S Expenses $20,372.0 $20,173,8 $19,922.4 $19,922.4 $19,548.0 -$374.4
Abatement Control and $21,209.4 $18,779.1 $20,579.1 $20,579.1 $18,828.4 -$1,750.7
Compliance
TOTAL $41,581.4 $38,952.9 $40,501.5 $40,501,1 $38,376.4 -$2,125,1
Haste Treatment"
Operations *
Maintenance
Salaries S Expenses $1,448.8 $1,353.9 $1,416.8 $1,416.8 $1,454.3 $37.5
TOTAL $1,448.8 $1,353.9 $1,416.8 $1,416.8 $1,454.3 $37.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $21,820.8 $21,527.7 $21,339,2 $21,339.2 $21,002.3 -$336.9
Abatement Control and $21,209.4 $18,779.1 $20,579.1 $20,579.1 $18,828.4 -$1,750.7
Compliance
Municipal Source TOTAL $43,030.2 $40,306.8 $41,918.3 $41,918.3 $39,830.7 -$2,087.6
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Haste 454,8 461.3 439,3 439.3 457.7 18.4
Treatment Facility
Construction
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MATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
32.6 30.5 30.4
30.4 31.5 1.1
487.4 491.8 469.7 469.7 489.2 19.5
TOTAL MORKYEARS
JO
LTt
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
105.5 480.4 479.4 479.4 457.7 -21.7
32.8 30.5 31.5 31.5 31.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
538.3 510.9 510.9 510.9 489.2 -21.7
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,830,700 supported by 489.2 total work-
years for 1988, a decrease of $2,087,600 and 21.7 total workyears from 1987. Of
the request, $21,002,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$18,828,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease
of $336,900 and $1,750,700, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources at Headquarters and in the Regions for
management of municipal wastewater treatment facilities construction, operations,
and maintenance programs. Resources devoted to managing the programs are divided
Into the following components:
MunicipalHaste Treatment Facility Construction -- This program Includes most
of the management activities associated with the Construction Grants program in
Headquarters and Regional Offices. Abatement,, Control and Compliance resources
primarily support an interagency agreement with the Army Corps of Engineers.
Through this agreement, the Corps provides a range of construction management and
training activities to assure the technical and fiscal integrity of wastewater
treatment project construction.
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance This program focusses primarily
ondevelopment of State programs-to ensure that Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment
Works (POTWs) are operated and maintained effectively to meet effluent require-
ments. It also provides support to implement the Agency's National Municipal
Policy and to protect public Investments 1n wastewater treatment facilities.
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,376,400 supported by 457.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $19,548,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $18,828,400 1s for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $374,400 and $1,750,700, respectively, and a decrease
of 21.7 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses 1s due primarily to
reduced EPA staffing needs as a result of reduced numbers of new awards and active
projects. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects lower funding
requirements for the Corps of Engineers Interagency Agreement due to overall work-
load reductions and for the Needs Survey due to efficiency gains through automa-
tion. Included in the Abatement, Control and Compliance request is $800,000 for
operator training grants.
Subject to passage of enabling legislation, the Agency will manage a transition
from a construction grants program to one that allows States flexibility to use
federal funds for both grants and loans. To assist this transition to State and
local self-sufficiency, EPA will provide needed Information and guidance to develop
State and local programs. Information on financial management and low-cost techno-
logies will be disseminated through workshops, seminars and brochures.
WQ-59
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The Agency will act primarily as overall program manager while the States
and the Corps will perform most project management activities, EPA will continue
to monitor State delegation status and to exercise remaining nondelegated project
management related responsibilities in the States and territories. Headquarters
will provide project-specific assistance to decrease backlogs of completions/close-
outs and will provide limited technical assistance to Regions. In support of the
National Hunlclpal Policy, grants and permits coordination will continue to be
provided. The $15,949,300 requested for the Corps of Engineers IAS will purchase
278 workyears of effort to provide construction management assistance to EPA and
the States.
EPA will complete the 1988 Needs Survey. A revised secondary treatment
regulation and guidance on performance-based 205(g) grants will be issued. The
Municipal Lagoon Study requested by the 1984 amendments to the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) will be completed and sent to Congress in November
1987. Work on the Sewer Exfiltration Study will continue. The Agency will continue
to stimulate the development or improvement of State sludge management programs
and will continue to review high-cost Advanced Treatment (AT) projects, including
headquarters oversight of delegated Regional reviews. Working with the Inspector
General, EPA will resolve claims and grantee appeals issues. Funds requested for
operator training will be targeted to selected States that have developed compre-
hensive programs and are providing the most effective on-site compliance assistance
to small communities. Activities associated with management of the operator train-
ing program are described in the Operations and Maintenance program element.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $40,501,500 supported by 479.4
total workyears for this program, of which $19,922,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $20,579,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
Consistent with the Administration's proposed State grant and loan program,
EPA is assisting implementation by monitoring various State financing approaches
and transferring appropriate information. Information on low-cost technologies
and financing approaches is being disseminated through a Small Flows Clearinghouse
and State and local seminars. Eliminating backlogs of project completions and
closeouts is a priority activity. With the Office of Inspector General a training
program to promote effective antibidrigging control is being implemented. The
Corps of Engineers is continuing to assist EPA and the States to ensure project
construction integrity. The Corps will expend $16,700,000 and provide 320 work-
years of construction management support.
The Agency is proposing amendments to the secondary treatment regulation.
The 1986 Needs Survey is being completed and reported to Congress and work on the
Municipal Lagoon Study and the the Sewer Exfiltration Study Is continuing. EPA
is working to stimulate the development or improvement of State sludge management
programs. The special review of proposed advanced treatment projects with incremen-
tal costs over $3,000,000 is continuing in Headquarters and three Regional offices.
Headquarters is evaluating the trial Regional delegation and will issue a report in
February, 1987. Funds allocated for operator training are being targeted to States
to continue providing on-site compliance assistance to small communities and
developing integrated State compliance programs.
1987 Explanation of Change From the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
WQ-60
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1_986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $41,581,400 supported by 505.5
total workyears for this program, of which $20,372,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $21,209,400 was from the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation.
EPA continued to monitor State program management and to perform non-delegated
program managment activities. During the year, 869 projects initiated operation
and 1135 were closed out. The $17,075,300 obligated for the Corps of Engineers In-
teragency Agreement purchased 323 workyears of support to EPA and States to ensure
technical and fiscal integrity of construction projects. Unliquidated obligations
were reduced from approximately $9,100,000,000 to approximately $7,770,000,000.
The Agency proposed sludge management regulations and issued guidance on
performance-based 205(g) grants, value engineering and other technical issues.
Special review of proposed advanced treatment projects with incremental costs over
$3,000,000 continued in Headquarters and was delegated on a trial basis in three
Regional Offices. EPA planned, designed and sponsored a national conference on
alternative financing approaches for wastewater treatment facilities construction.
Improved credibility of 1986 Needs Survey was accomplished by establishing specific
criteria for accepting State needs estimates. Funds allocated for operator train-
ing were targeted to States to continue providing on-site compliance assistance to
small communities.
WASTE TREATMENTOPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,454,300 supported by 31.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which is. for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $37,500 and no change in total workyears. Stable
staffing, together with the $800,000 requested for operator training grants under
the Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities Construction program, reflect the Agency's
commitment to development of effective State operations and maintenance programs,
operator training programs, and support to improved minor municipal facilities com-
pliance.
State and EPA Regional staff will continue to provide onsite compliance assis-
tance and operator training at minor publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). EPA
will provide the requested $800,000 in training grant funds to States which have
developed comprehensive municipal compliance programs. About 400 minor facilities
will receive assistance with the majority expected to be returned to compliance.
During 1988, staff will increase efforts on local financial management and user
charge system Issues. Through an ongoing national grant, most States will also
receive assistance to develop integrated municipal compliance programs, including
improved operator training and operations and maintenance programs. EPA will
continue to recognize superior facilities through Its National Operations and Main-
tenance (O&M) Excellence Awards program and develop O&M initiatives for improved
O&M identified in the Agency's 1985 Report to Congress. Staff will also review
project performance certifications submitted by new facilities and monitor any
needed corrective actions.
1987Program
In 1986, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,416,800 supported by 31.5
total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
WO-61
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EPA and States are providing pnsite compliance assistance to over 450 small
communities. EPA is also working with a national association to assist most States
in developing improved operator training programs and integrated compliance pro-
grams. A number of States are expected to implement expanded programs and increase
State funding support in 1987.
Implementing its successful National O&M Awards program, the Agency plans to
make 50 Regional awards and six national awards recognizing outstanding facilities.
EPA also plans to complete two studies concerning cost-effective O&M practices and
use of contractors for O&M management. Results from these studies are being dis-
seminated* Staff are also implementing statutory grantee performance certification
requirements, reviewing certifications, and assuring that grantees take needed
corrective actions.
1987 Explanation of Change from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $1,448,800 supported by 32.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Building on State successes, EPA initiated an onsite assistance program for
small communities using Regional staff. State and Regional staff assisted approx-
imately 700 minor facilities. Data show that over 1400 plants have been assisted
to date with over 700 returned to compliance and most of the others operating with
improved performance. Regional staff are managing grants to increase the State
matching share 2nd assist' States to develop improved, self-sufficient training
programs. EPA announced the Initiation of a National O&M Awards program, conducted
contract studies of O&M -cost-effectiveness and contract' O&M, and disseminated
information on successful O&M assistance projects. Regional staff also conducted
reviews of grantee first year performance certifications and provided oversight of
State O&M programs.
WQ-62
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MATER QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Mater Quality Enforcement... WQ-64
Water Quality Permit Issuance.,... WO-69
WQ-i3
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HATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL BUOfiET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 ESTIMATE 1987 EST1HATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $15,321.7 $15,999,5 $16,318.5 $16,318.5 $16»979.1 $660.6
Abatement Control and $5,824.6 $2,057.0 " $2,057.0 $2,057.0 $1,607.0 -$450.0
Compliance
TOTAL $21,146.3 $18.056.5 $18,375.5 $18,375.5 $18,586.1 $210.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,321.7 $15,999.5 $16,318.5 $16,318.5 $16,979.1 $660.6
Abatement Control and $5,824.6 $2,057.0 $2,057,0 $2,057.0 $1,607.0 -$450.0
Compliance
Hater Quality TOTAL $21,146.3 $18,056.5 $18,375.5 $18,375.5 $18,586.1 $210.6
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 354.5 383.4 377.5 377.5 399.8 22.3
Enforcement
TOTAL PERHANENT WORKYEARS 354.5 383.4 377.5 377.5 399.8 22.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 386.4 408.3 408.3 408.3 399.8 -8.5
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 386.4 408.3 408.3 408.3 399.8 -8.5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,586,100 supported by 399.8 total workyears
for 1988, an Increase of $210,600 and a decrease of 8.5 In total workyears from
1987. Of the request, $16,979,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,607,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
an increase of $660,600 and a decrease of $450,000, respectively.
Program Descr i pt i on
HaterQua!ity Enforcement -- The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDESy EnforcementProgram (including pretreatment) assures the compliance
of municipal and industrial permittees with NPDES requirements through a program of
monitoring and inspections, administrative enforcement, and technical support of
judicial enforcement actions. Major activities include 1) inspection of permittees
("permittee" includes industrial users of publicly-owned treatment works), 2) review
of permittee monitoring data, 3) maintenance of a national data system, 4) identi-
fication and evaluation for appropriate follow-up of permittees in noncompllance,
and 5); initiation of Informal and formal enforcement actions to ensure compliance.
Where informal negotiations and administrative enforcement actions do not result in
compliance, cases are referred for judicial action and appropriate technical support
is provided.
In addition to the NPDES portion of the Water Quality Enforcement Program,
administrative and technical support is provided for the Issuance of administrative
enforcement actions against violations of the Spill Prevention Control and Counter-
measure Plan (SPCC) requirements. Referrals are made to the U.S. Coast Guard for
civil penalty assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations (Section
311(b) (6)(A)), in waters where EPA has jurisdiction, and support.is provided.for
inspections and enforcement against illegal dredge and fill activities (Section
404).
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,586,100 supported by 399.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $16,979,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,607,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $660,600 and a decrease of $450,000, respectively,
as well as a decrease of 8.5 total workyears. The Increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased operating costs and support for the Pretreatment Data System and
other data system improvements. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
results from completion of guidance documents and most inspector training. The
decrease in workyears reflects increased automation of the data review process and
some reduction in enforcement support for other than pretreatment and the National
Municipal Policy.
In 1988, EPA will focus on control of toxic discharges to surface waters. EPA
will address this problem by giving priority to implementation of the National
Municipal Policy (NMP), overview and implementation of the pretreatment program,
and compliance assessment and enforcement of Best Available Technology Economically
Achievable (BAT) and water quality-based permits.
WQ-65
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Under the NHP in 1988, EPA will focus on assuring that permittees comply with
enforceable schedules to meet the July 1, 1988 secondary treatment compliance
deadline. EPA stipulates that the schedules of all major permittees that extend
beyond the July deadline be judicially sanctioned. EPA will act primarily in
nondelegated States to ensure that all such permittees have judicially sanctioned
schedules. Additionally, all major municipalities in nondelegated States that
have completed construction and have operations and maintenance problems which
result in noncompliance will also be addressed. A second objective related to
implementation of the NMP is establishing schedules for the approximately 1,0.00
minor permittees with water quality impact needing construction to meet the
statutory deadline. EPA will complete establishment of schedules for these minor
permittees in non-delegated States.
For pretreatment, the Mater Quality Enforcement Program will continue to
emphasize: 1) oversight of delegated State programs; 2) assuring that local control
authorities comply with the provisions of their approved programs; and 3} assuring
the compliance of Industrial users (IUs), especially where there is no local control
authority or approved State. EPA will assess the compliance of local control
authorities through the conduct of pretreatment inspections and the review of
annual reports submitted by these authorities. Pretreatment inspections will be
conducted and annual reports will be reviewed in all of the approved programs in
nondelegated States. In nondelegated States, EPA will address anticipated non-
compliance by local control authorities which fail to implement the approved program.
This will include enforcement actions against noncomplying industrial users (IUs)
in some of these local control authorities. EPA will also complete the development
and begin implementation of a pretreatment data tracking system.
Where there is no local control authority or approved State, EPA is responsible
for assuring that IUs comply with pretreatment standards. The Water Quality
Enforcement Program will continue to identify these Industrial users and to .inspect
where the most serious compliance problems are suspected. Formal enforcement
actions will be brought against IUs when noncompliance is identified.
In 1988, an enhanced and improved Permit Compliance System (PCS) will be used
for such activities as evaluating the consistency of permit conditions and enforce-
ment actions nationwide. Using PCS, EPA will complete automation of noncompliance
and accountability system reports and the review of Discharge Monitoring Reports.
Quality assurance of all data will be a priority in 1988.
Regions will maintain an inspection program for municipal and industrial
permittees to verify compliance with their NPDES permit requirements. Regions will
also continue to emphasize a "timely and appropriate" enforcement response in all
cases of significant noncompliance. Technical support will be provided for approxi-
mately 80 NPDES cases Initiated in previous years. New enforcement efforts against
Industrial sources will focus on those industries required to Install Best Available
Technology. Increased emphasis will be given to the initiation of enforcement cases
under Section 404. Other non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities will
include: support for oil and hazardous materials spill penalty assessment, and
spill prevention control and counter-measure (SPCC) inspections and enforcement
support.
1987 PROGRAM
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,375,500 supported by 408.3
total workyears for this program, of which $16,318,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,057,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
WQ-66
-------
The Water Quality Enforcement Program is continuing to emphasize: maintenance
of hi§h levels of compliance by all permittees, with special attention to municipal
permittees; an effective compliance monitoring and inspection program to verify
levels of compliance; initiation and maintenance of a pretreatment compliance
monitoring and enforcement program; and the maintenance of the Permit Compliance
System to provide for report preparation and tracking.
Implementation of the National Municipal Policy (NMP) remains the highest
priority. This policy requires that all municipalities that are in noncompllance
with secondary treatment because of needed construction be put on enforceable
schedules that will assure compliance by the 1988 statutory deadline. In 1987,
the Agency is acting primarily in nondelegated States to enforce schedules through
the issuance of an Administrative Order or the initiation of a referral for civil
judicial action, and plans to establish schedules for most of the minor permittees
with water quality impact. All of the major municipalities in nondelegated States
needing corrective action because of operation and maintenance problems are also
being addressed. In those cases where NPDES States do not establish enforceable
schedules for municipalities needing them, EPA 1s Initiating action to establish
or enforce these schedules.
By the beginning of 1987, nearly all required pretreatment programs were
approved or referred. The major progran direction in 1987 is to assure compliance
at the 1500 POTWs with approved prstreatment programs by taking enforcement action
where appropriate. The Agency plans tp initially take judicial action against any
remaining POTWs with unapproved programs and is also initiating judicial actions
against a number of industries which have failed to install necessary treatment to
meet categorical standards. The pretreatment compliance monitoring program will
Intensify and will Include the inspection of all POTWs and a significant number of
IDs, in addition to the review of all POTW annual reports.
In conjunction with Headquarters, the Regions have improved and expanded their
compliance enforcement data management capabilities through the use of the Permit
Compliance System (PCS). In 1987 all EPA Regions ape using the Data Base Management
System, which allows preparation of Quarterly Noncompliance Reports through PCS,
and are beginning to automate reporting for accountability systems such as the
Strategic Planning and Management System.
Regions are continuing to emphasize "timely and appropriate" enforcement
responses in all cases of significant noncompliance. Industrial enforcement also
continues to address largely routine violations, but special attention is being given
to industrial facilities that are required to install Best Available Technology
(BAT). More resource-intensive inspections of these facilities are necessary, and
some referral actions are anticipated. Non-NPDES administrative enforcement activi-
ties Include Section 404 inspections, support for oil and hazardous materials spill
penalty assessment, and spill prevention control and countemeasure (SPCC) inspec-
tion and enforcement support.
1987 Explanat1on of ChangesFromtheEnactedLevel
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accpmpl1shment s
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $21,146,300, supported by 386."4 total
workyears, of which $15,321,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,824,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1986, implementation of the National Municipal Policy was the highest
priority. All but 50 of the major municipalities needing construction to comply
with seconday treatment requirements were placed on enforceable construction sched-
WQ-67
-------
ules. Enforceable construction schedules were also established for approximately
201 of the minor municipal facilities needing schedules. Excluding those publicly-
owned treatment works (POTWs) recently designated as needing pretreatment programs,
greater than 99% of all POTWs needing pretreatment programs have been approved or
referred, Pretreatment activity focused on monitoring the compliance of approved
programs and bringing enforcement actions against noncomplying POTWs and I Us where
EPA is the control authority. A total of 24 pretreatment referrals were brought
in 1986. Fifteen of these referrals were brought against industrial users and 9
were brought against POTWs.
Contract resources were used to support and maintain the national data system
which tracks the performance of all major permitteeSi to provide technical support
for judicial enforcement actions, and to conduct Inspections of municipal and
industrial permittees. In addition, $4,000,000 in special grants to States were
used to reduce toxics discharges to surface waters. Contract funds were also used
to train Regional and State personnel in monitoring and inspection techniques.
Regional Offices conducted approximately 2143 compliance inspections, issued
42 Notices of Violations and 989 Administrative Orders. In States without approved
NPDES programs, EPA reviewed the self-monitoring reports of major dischargers.
Technical support was provided for the development of 107 civil cases which were
referred to Headquarters for review.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
included 38 referrals to the U.S Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties and
78 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention and Control Counter-
measure plan requirements. Enforcement of Section 404 provisions focused on iden-
tifying illegal discharges of dredge and fill material. Forty-two administrative
actions were taken for Section 404 violations.
WQ-68
-------
WATER QUALITY
Mater Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses $10,507.2 $11,533.4 $11,822.3 $11,835.3 $12,340.2 $504.9
Abatement Control and $3,825.1 $3,778,7 $3,778.7 $3,778.7 $3,228.7 -$550.0
Compliance
TOTAL $14,332.3 $15,312.1 $15,601.0 $15,614.0 $15,568.9 -$45.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $10,507.2 $11,533.4 $11,822.3 $11,835.3 $12,340.2 $504.9
Abatement Control and $3,825.1 $3,778.7 $3,778.7 $3,778.7 $3,228.7 -$550.0
Compllance
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $14,332.3 $15,312.1 $15,601.0 $15,614.0 $15,568.9 -$45.1
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 259.7 279.7 273.4 273.4 295.7 22.3
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 259.7 279.7 273.4 273.4 295.7 22.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 273.3 295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS 273.3 295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7
-------
HATER QUALITY
Hater Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,568,900 supported by 295.7 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $45,100 from 1987. Of the total request, $12,340,200 will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,228,700 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $504,900 and a
decrease of $550,000 respectively.
Projram Descript 1 on
Permit Issuance The Clean Hater Act authorizes a National Pollutant D1s-
charge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to reduce or eliminate point source
pollution. The discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States by point
sources is prohibited unless these sources are in compliance with an NPDES permit.
At present, 37 States and one Territory have approved NPDES programs. EPA issues
NPDES permits in the remaining jurisdictions.
Currently, the NPDES program is focusing on the control of discharges of toxic
pollutants and hazardous waste through technology-based and water quality-based
limits in NPDES permits, implementation of the pretreatment program for indirect
discharges to publicly owned treatment works (POTHs) and approval and oversight of
local and State pretreatment programs (24 States are approved to implement pretreat-
ment programs).
The NPDES program also allows permittees and interested parties to request
evidentiary hearings on permits and variances from certain effluent limitations.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,568,900 supported by 295.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,340,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,228,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $504,900 and a decrease of $510,000, respec-
tively. The Increase 1n Salaries and Expenses reflects increased operating costs.
The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects a decrease in contract
assistance for local pretreatment program approvals/implementation and technical
assistance for EPA and State-Issued Individual and general permits.
During 1988, emphasis will be placed on issuing "third round* permits which
will establish any necessary new BAT limitations and will reduce human health/
environmental risk by controlling toxic and hazardous constituents (including but
not limited to the 126 priority pollutants) based on water quality assessments.
Focus will be on issuing permits to organic chemical facilities to control BAT
priority pollutants and toxicants beyond BAT priority pollutants. Permits will be
modified to incorporate conditions based on biomonitoring and water quality studies,
revisions to waste load allocations, revisions to pretreatment Implementation
and new technology-based requirements. During 1988, EPA will Issue 248 major
industrial permits and 185 major municipal permits. Consistent with revised appli-
cation deadlines for storm water discharges, new general permits for storm water
will be developed in 1988. In addition, three general permits will be issued by
EPA for oil and gas activities.
WQ-70
-------
In 1988, EPA will continue to resolve evidentiary hearing requests and review
and evaluate variance requests based on fundamentally different factors and water
quality and extensions of BAT compliance deadlines where innovative pollution
control technologies are to be demonstrated, particularly for organic chemicals and
pesticides.
Efforts will continue on assisting in the development of new State NPDES pro-
grams and necessary modifications in approved NPDES States. EPA will assist NPDES
States in completing the Issuance of major permits to incorporate effluent guide-
lines and water quality-based limitations. Priority will be placed on assisting
NPDES States in issuing post-BAT permits to include water quality-based limits to
control toxic and hazardous pollutants beyond the 126 priority pollutants covered
by BAT permits. EPA will provide guidance to NPDES States on establishing water
quality-based limits for toxicants (including certain hazardous constituents),
developing toxicity reduction plans and establishing biomonltoring requirements and
toxidty limits.
During 1988, EPA will continue to oversee NPDES State programs based on the
criteria and performance expectations in the individual EPA/State agreements,
conduct permit quality reviews, focusing on certain industry categories, water
quality limited permits, and pretreatment provisions, review and assist in correct-
ing legally deficient State programs, and evaluate approved POTW and State pretreat-
ment programs.
In 1988, emphasis will be placed on modifying local pretreatment programs as
necessary to adequately address additional toxic and hazardous pollutants and any
episodes of pass through or interference. EPA will provide assistance to POTWs in
developing spill prevention plans, implementing new and revised categorical stan-
dards and combined wastestream formulas, developing/incorporating new and revised
local limits and conducting toxidty reduction evaluations at POTWs. EPA will
continue POTW pretreatment audits to ensure the adequacy of local limits and proper
incorporation of categorical standards. In addition, EPA will carry out its
responsibilities for direct implementation in the absence of State or local control
authorities. The pretreatment regulations package will be promulgated to reflect
the Domestic Sewage Study findings.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,614,000 supported by 295.7
total workyears for this program, of which $11,835,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,778,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, efforts are continuing on issuing major permits with priority given
to toxic and nonconventional pollutant controls based on designated water quality
uses. Major Industrial and municipal permits are being modified to incorporate
conditions based on biomonitoring/water quality studies, best management practices,
new wasteload allocations, pretreatment program approvals and revisions to pretreat-
ment implementation requirements. Emphasis 1s being placed on issuing other
priority permits including new sources, general permits and significant minors that
impact water quality uses, particularly those with toxic discharges. During 1987,
EPA is expected to issue 133 major Industrial permits, 141 major municipal permits
and 694 minor permits. EPA is continuing to address evidentiary hearing and
variance requests.
During 1987, 9 States are expected to receive approval for pretreatment and/or
federal facility permitting authority. EPA is continuing to assist NPDES States 1n
issuing BAT and water quality-based permits, particularly those with toxic dis-
charges, and reviewing the quality of selected NPDES State permits and State regula*
tions to assure consistency with federal requirements.
WQ-71
-------
EPA is continuing to modify approved local and State pretreatment programs to
Include new requirements (e.g., local limits to prevent pass-through and inter-
ference) and to address inconsistencies with national program requirements. EPA
is providing assistance and training to State and local pretreatment authorities
in applying combined wastestream formula, removal credits and category determina-
tions, EPA is continuing to audit POTW implementation.
1987 Explanation^ Of Changes From The Enacted Level
The net increase of $13,000 results from the following action:
-Reprpgramming. (+$13,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $13,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompli shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated $14,332,300 supported by 273.3 total workyears,
of which $10,507,200 was Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,825,100 was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The contract resources
in 1986 were directed at specific industry expertise to support the Regional and
State permit effort and to Regions and pretreatment States for implementing approved
programs, modifying State/local pretreatment programs and conducting audits of
approved Vocal programs and NPDES State pretreatment program operations.
EPA issued a total of 423 major and 956 minor permits. Of these 1,379 permits,
818 were industrial (231 majors) and 561 were municipal (192 majors).
In 1986, Arkansas received NPDES program approval and Washington received
pretreatment authorization.
During 1986, EPA approved 78 POTW p'retreatment programs (pretreatment States
approved 45). EPA performed 161 local pretreatment program audits (pretreatment
States performed 197).
WQ-72
-------
Drinking Water
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER OW-1
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research... DW-9
Scientlfic Assessment . ...»« OW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance DW-15
Health Effects.... ,. DW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology., DM-17
Environmental Processes and Effects................ DW-18
ABATEMENT 8 CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards $ Guidelines DW-21
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines. DW-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance.............. OW-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants. DW-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-29
Special Studies & Demonstrations..... DW-30
Training................ DW-31
Wellhead Protection Program Grants DW-32
Drinking Water Management DW-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-35
Underground Injection Control Program............................ OW-37
Ground-Mater Protect 1 on DW-40
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement. DW-45
DW-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Hater
$27,235.9 $28,378,5 $34,001.7 $34,076.0 $35,681.8 +$1,605.8
$45,260.6 $42,863.0 $57,463.0 $57,463.0 $62,863.0 +$5,400.0
$14,018.5 $12,885.0 $13,766.2 $14,031,9 $13,766.2 -$265.7
$86,515.0 $84,126.5 $105,230.9 $105,570.9 $112,311.0 +$6,740.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL yORKtEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
574.8 587.8 716.1 716.1 752.7 +36.6
632.0 639.8 758.0 758.0 752.7 -5.3
$86,385.9 $83,434.7 $97,563.5 $97,684.1 $106,149.1 +$8,465.0
The Safe Drinking toter Act of 1986 authorized this program at a
level of $170,150.0 for 1987 and $145,150.0 for 1988.
-------
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Safe Drinking Water Act {SDWA) Amendments of 1986 mandate national stan-
dards and regulations to ensure that the nation's drinking water supplies are free
of contamination which may pose a risk to public health. The SDWA requires EPA to
set national drinking water standards and minimum requirements to protect those
who obtain their drinking water from public water systems (PWS). The Act also
mandates a national Underground Injection Control {UIC) program to prevent under-
ground injection which endangers drinking water sources. In addition, the 1984
Ground-Water Protection Strategy and new specific provisions 1n the SDWA Amendments
of 1986 provide EPA with a framework for the protection and clean-up of the Nation's
ground-water resources.
The Federal program mandates are intended to complement the States' responsi-
bility for drinking water safety. The States retain the lead role of administering
and enforcing regulatory provisions established by EPA for the PWS and UIC programs.
However, if a State with primary enforcement authority (primacy) fails to undertake
appropriate enforcement against violators of PWS and UIC program requirements, EPA
will take either administrative or judicial enforcement action. EPA will directly
implement a program and enforce regulations when a State fails to assume primary
enforcement responsibility or enforce regulations effectively. The Act also pre-
scribes Federal financial and technical assistance to States to help them carry out
their responsibilities.
The 1988 Drinking Water request focuses on several major objectives to meet
the new requirements of the SDWA Amendments: (1) set new drinking water standards;
(2) Improve PWS compliance; (3) implement and enforce UIC; (4) support Indian
programs; (5) expand ground-water protection activities; and (6) continue research
and development.
Set New Drinking Water Standards
The SDWA Amendments of 1986 alter the procedural framework for establishing
new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs), which may take the form
of enforceable, numeric Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or treatment requirements.
In either case, a separate MCL Goal (MCLG) is first established for every contaminant
to be regulated. MCLGs are set at a level where "no known or anticipated adverse
effects on the health of persons occur and which allows an adequate margin of
safety." For those contaminants found to be measurable with practical analytic
technology, an MCL is "set as close to the MCLG as 1s feasible," taking Into account
the cost and "use of the best technology, treatment techniques and other means...
available". Otherwise a treatment requirement can be promulgated which prescribes
treatment technologies that can broadly prevent "to the extent feasible" such
adverse health effects. Whenever a HPDWR Is proposed or promulgated, the MCLG for
such contaminant is proposed or published simultaneously.
The SDWA Amendments Increase the Agency's workload by stipulating a large
number of contaminants to be regulated within a three-year schedule. EPA is required
to regulate each of 83 contaminants, listed 1n two Advance Notices of Proposed
Rulemaking by June 1989* EPA is required to promulgate MCLGs and NPDWRs for 9
contaminants by June 1987, 40 contaminants by June 1988, and the remaining (I.e.,
34 contaminants) by June 1989. To establish new drinking water standards within
the statutory deadline, EPA must collect data on their occurrence, health effects,
treatment and measurement in drinking water for a majority of the listed contami-
nants.
DW-3
-------
Three othtr statutory requirements Include the promulgation of the filtration
and disinfection treatment regulations and publication of the contaminant priority
list. A filtration treatment regulation will be promulgated by December 1987,
containing criteria and procedures for case-by-case determinations whereby primacy
authorities determine requirements for systems with surface sources. A second
treatment technology regulation prescribing disinfection for control of waterborne
disease, expected to be proposed in mid-1988, will also address the complex issue
of the toxic effect of disinfection chemicals and the generation of chemical by-
products of disinfection to which large numbers of people are exposed. A list of
priority contaminants (1n addition to those for which regulations will have been
completed or are under development) will be published by January 1, 1988. - This
list will set the regulatory agenda for subsequent drinking water regulations and
start the timetable for promulgating a minimum of 25 new standards every three
years.
A program for monitoring unregulated contaminants will be established by the
end of 1987, whereby all public water systems are to test for EPA-designated con-
taminants in a 5-year cycle. The monitoring program will give consumers information
on unregulated contaminants contained in their drinking water, help the Agency
assess the occurrence of unregulated contaminants in drinking water, and guide
future regulatory requirements.
Health advisories, which serve as guidance relating to the toxicology of
unregulated contaminants, complement enforceable regulations. In 1988, additional
health advisories will be developed to disseminate information on toxic substances
to an Increasing number of clients beyond traditional drinking water agencies.
Such preliminary benchmarks can be on hand far sooner than MCL standards and are
made available to State and local authorities in the event contamination is detected.
The health advisories and MCLs will also be used to support the unregulated contami-
nant surveillance program, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) decisions,
Superfund clean-up activities, and control actions for agricultural chemicals.
Improve PHS Compliance
In 1988, a high priority for EPA in oversight of primacy States and in EPA's
direct implementation of PUS programs 1s to improve system compliance with existing
standards. Despite continuing progress, approximately 2,000 community water systems
significantly violate minimum microbiological, turbidity, and chemical standards or
their associated monitoring and reporting requirements. However, the number of
systems in non-compliance with PWS requirements exceeds 20,000. EPA will continue
to work with primacy States to assist them in taking appropriate enforcement and
compliance actions. EPA's strategy of reliance on States, while successful for the
majority of systems, will be supplemented with more aggressive EPA enforcement
action to reduce the number of significant non-compilers In both primacy and non-
primacy States as well as on Indian lands.
As compliance with existing standards receives greater emphasis, both the
States and EPA must prepare to implement and enforce a wide range of new contaminant
standards, treatment requirements, additional monitoring* and modifications to
regulatory procedures. Technical assistance to small public water systems, which
.constitute the vast majority of all non-complying systems, will be provided to help
them achieve and maintain compliance with dMnking water standards. Primacy
States must prepare for the implementation of the Volatile Organic Contaminants
(VQC) regulations, which will become effective in Spring 1988. Primacy authorities
must also begin determining the need for installing or upgrading filtration and
pretreatment technologies 1n public water systems with surface sources and revise
their regulations to adopt these procedures within the statutory deadline of June
1989. The States will assure that public water systems initiate the first round
of new monitoring and reporting requirements, including monitoring for unregulated
contaminants. In addition, States will adopt new PWS regulatory provisions to
implement new variance, exemption and public notification requirements and Inform
DW-4
-------
systems regarding the prohibition of lead-content plumbing materials and oversee
its implementation.
Implement and Enforce Underground Injection Control
The UIC program will ensure the establishment and implementation of approved
UIC programs by States or EPA where States have not assumed enforcement responsibi-
lities. Permitting and monitoring compliance with permit and statutory requirements
will continue to be a major workload. State and EPA programs will ensure that the
growing number of permitted wells conform with permit requirements. Field presence
will be strengthened and continue to identify compliance problems requiring correc-
tions. This will include witnessing and reviewing the performance of mechanical
integrity tests, review of well records for wells authorized by rule, on-site
inspections, tracking compliance with permit conditions and/or rule requirements
and technical assistance to well operators. EPA will take enforcement action
where a State does not or cannot respond to violations in a timely and appropriate
manner. A compliance and enforcement presence by primacy States and EPA is neces-
sary to ensure that owners and operators of injection wells adhere to the UIC
regulatory requirements.
As mandated by the SDWA Amendments, EPA and the States will implement monitor-
ing requirements for waste disposal (Class I) injection wells and provide technical
assistance and guidance to the primacy States. The new monitoring requirements
will help ensure the earliest possible detection of fluid migration from the injec-
tion zone that may be harmful to human health and the environment. The States
will also begin to implement protective measures recommended as a result of the
assessment of Class V injection wells.
Support Indian Programs
The SDWA Amendments require EPA to promulgate regulations by December 1987,
specifying PWS and UIC primacy eligibility procedures for tribal authorities. In
1988, EPA will provide initial grants to eligible Indian Tribes which are-working
towards assuming primary enforcement authority. EPA will also continue to imple-
ment programs for those Indian jurisdictions which have not received primacy.
Expand Ground Mater Protection
In 1984, EPA issued a Ground-Water Protection Strategy which provides a frame-
work for coordinating the Agency's programs related to ground-water resources.
This national focus has been both expanded and strengthened by the enactment of
ground-water provisions in the SDWA Amendments of 1986. The new Wellhead Protection
and Sole Source Aquifer programs establish a clear Federal statutory role in the
protection of ground-water and, at the same time, recognize the individual needs
and responsibilities of State and local governments. In 1988, the program will
initiate the new Wellhead Protection grant to States which are undertaking adequate
program to protect wellhead areas of public water supplies within their boundaries.
Thus, the challenge facing the Agency and the States is to administer the law in
such a way as to achieve a cohesive, we11-coordinated program to protect ground-
water resources.
Collaborative Federal and State efforts are the principal feature of the
Ground-Water Protection Strategy. States are encouraged to develop both compre-
hensive strategies through financial support from the Section 106 Clean Water Act
grant program and institutional capabilities through technical assistance from
Federal officials. Specifically, funds will be available to States to protect the
wellhead areas of all public water systems within their jurisdiction from contami-
nants that may have any adverse effect on the public health.
The Ground-Water Protection program will also continue to provide information,
primarily through technical information publications (TIPs), on potential sources
of contamination which are not Federally regulated, such as agricultural chemicals.
DW-5
-------
In addition, the program will develop a data program capable of storing and analyzing
ground*water quality data collected by EPA, States, and private industry which will
be linked to other ground-water related systems. Finally, the program will focus
on the variety of cross-cutting Agency activities which involve the combined efforts
of many EPA programs as well as other Federal agencies.
Continue Research and Development
In support of the Agency's effort to implement the Wellhead Protection Program,
the research program will provide assistance by developing technical resource
documents and other information to aid States in protecting underground sources of
drinking water from contaminants which may enter the wellhead area. The Office of
Research and Development will continue to focus on methods development for and
studies of subsurface transport and fate processes such as facilitated transport,
biological transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and ion exchange. The
results of the research will allow better human exposure assessments from ground-
water contaminants.
Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of in-situ aquifer restoration
techniques will continue, leading to clean-ups where previously the cost was pro-
hibitive. In 1988, promising laboratory techniques will be evaluated on actual
contamination incidents. Field evaluation of techniques for determining the me-
chanical Integrity and adequacy of construction of injection wells will continue.
The research program will continue to improve knowledge about a number of
unidentified by-products produced by chlorination as well as by-products of alter-
nate disinfectants to chlorine. Evaluations of trihalomethane (THM) control using
alternative disinfectants and treatment modifications will be continued. Research
will also continue to provide human health assessments to support the Office of
Drinking Water's need for quantitative risk assessments from exposure to drinking
water contaminants. In addition, the Office of Research and Development will
review and analyze public comments received on eight drinking water health assess-
ments/criteria documents, and finalize documentation for 30 health advisories
Initiated in 1986.
DVf-6
-------
DRINKING WATER
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 vs. 1987
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations:
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
States
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA
UIC MIT Testing ».
UIC File Review
Enforcement Actions - PWS:
Civil Litigation (new).....
Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Administrative Orders......
Civil Litigation (new)...*.
I/
6,056~
657
I/
23,515~
I/
19,838"
n/a
n/a
n/a
4
0
I/
45,315~~
n/a
n/a
13
0 .
2/
150"
624
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10
0
31,463
n/a
n/a
5
0
5,570
515
23,701
24,636
n/a
632
173
7
0
51,213
n/a
86
4
0
5,570
505
23,642
24,569
n/a
685
238
7
0
51,066
n/a
95
4
0
0
-10
-59
-67
0
+153
+65
0
0
-147
0
+9
0
0
Cumul at 1 ve Out put s;
UIC Primacy States (full and
Designated Sole Source
Wellhead Protection Areas..
54
33/6
21
54
34/7
27
54
32/7
45
54
34/7
65
24
0
+2
+20
+24
I/ as of June 30, 1986, number will Increase when fourth quarter report becomes
available on January 15, 1987.
21 includes Class I and III wells only.
DW-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TUB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PRINKING MATER
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research DW-9
Sci enti f i c Assessment , ... DW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance......... DW-15
Health Effects DW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology DW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects. OW-18
DW-8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Mater Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Mater
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering A
Technology - Drinking
Mater
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$332.1
$67.3
$399.4
$1,497.5
$1,887.7
$3,385.2
$3,147.6
$5,5S8.9
$8,706.5
$2,950.8
$2,602.7
$5,553.5
$349,2
$248.0
$597.2
$1,596.8 .
$1,217.0
$2,813.8
$3,372.7
$6,395.0
$9,767.7
$2,973.8
$1,343.0
$4,316.8
$402.4
$246.8
$649.2
$1,596.8
$1,436.0
$3,032.8
$3,362.7
$6,301.5
$9,664.2
$3,093.3
$1,958.0
$5,051.3
$402.4
$248.0
$650.4
$1,596.8
$1,642.0
$3,238.8
$3,362.7
$6,395.0
$9,757.7
$3,129.1
$1,904.9
$5,034.0
$412.8
$246.8
$659.6
$1,641.2
$1,436.0
$3,077.2
$3,451.2
$6,301.5
$9,752.7
$3,179.7
$1,958.0
$5,137.7
$10.4
-$1.2
$9.2
$44.4
-$206.0
-$161.6
$88.5
-$93.5
-$5.0
$50.6
$53.1
$103.7
-------
1
M
o
DRINKING MATER
Drinking Mater Research
Environmental Processes
5 Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries &
Research &
TOTAL:
Salaries &
Research 5
Expenses
Development
TOTAL
Expenses
Devel opmen t
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988 '
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,374.9
$3,901.9
$5,276.8
$9,302.9
$14,018.5
$i
$3
$5
$9
$12
,320.6"
,682.0 .
,002.6
,613.1
,885.0
$1,440.0
$3,823.9
$5,263.9
$9,895.2
$13,766.2
$1
$3
$5
$9
$14
,478.5
,842,0
,320.5
,969.5
,031.9
$1
$3
$5
$10
$13
,478.4
,823.9
,302.3
,163.3
,766.2
-$
-$18
-$18
$193
-$265
.1
.1
.2
.8
.7
Drinking Mater
Research
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
TOTAL $23,321.4 $22,498.1 $23,661.4 $24,001.4 $23,929.5 -$71.9
Scientific Assessment
Drinking Hater
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Mater
Env1ronmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Mater
6.8
27.6
59.0
56.1
7.0
27.1
60.5
55.3
8.0
29.5
68.5
57.8
8.0
29.5
68.5
57.8
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
1.0
3.1
-------
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL BUDGET . ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Env1ronmental Processes
S Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
25.6 22.3 24.8
24.8
26.8
175.1 172.2 188.6 188.6 194.7
2.0
6.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
DHnklny Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking.Hater
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Envlronmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Env1ronmental Processes
* Effects - Drinking
Water
8.1
28.2
66.3
62.2
28.1
9.0
29.8
68.5
58,4
24.3
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
26.8
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
26.8
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
26.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
192.9 190.0 194.7 194.7 194.7
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs b^ Objective
Objective!: Develop Drinking Mater Standards Based on HealthEffects Through
RiskAssessmentStudies
1988: o Report on target organ toxicity of disinfectants and disinfectant
by-products (Health)
o Report on health hazards from low level occurrence of viruses In drinking
water (Health)
o Response report on target organ toxicity of chemicals tested for health
advisory development (Health)
o Development of health advisories and criteria documents (Sci. Assessment)
1987; o Development of health advisories and criteria documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on cancer and reproductive hazards of principal contaminants in
drinking water (Health)
1986; o Preparation of 30 draft drinking water health advisories on unregulated
VOCs (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on the percutaneous absorption of chemicals 1n drinking water
(Health)
o Publication of international symposium on the health effects of disin-
fectants and disinfectant by-products (Health)
Objective 2; Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data forDrinking
Mater Standards
1988; o Report on radiation methods validation and intereomparison studies program
for drinking water radiation quality assurance (Monitoring)
o Report on laboratory certification for 10 Regions (Monitoring)
o Internal report on in-house pilot studies for control of disinfectant by-
products (Engineering)
o Report on treatment techniques to remove radon from small water supplies
(Engineering)
1987: o Report on the removal of radium from drinking water (Engineering)
o Final standardized methods for synthetic organic chemicals and pesticides
for the underground water survey (Monitoring)
1986; o Report on the treatment of synthetic organic chemicals 1n drinking water
(Engineering) ;
o Report on the inactivation of microbial agents by chemical disinfectants
(Engineering)
o Distribution of 5,000 quality control and performance evaluation samples
for chemical, radlonuclide, and microbiological analysis of drinking
water (Monitoring)
Objective3;Provide Sclentlfjc Methods and Datafor Protection ofISroundwater
Resources' ' "~"~~' ' ' ~
1988: o Report on sources of variability affecting groundwater monitoring data
(Monitoring)
DW-12
-------
o Report on fiber optics for monitoring groundwater contaminants (Monitor-
Ing)
o Report on vertical distribution and movement of volatile organic compounds
in groundwater {Env. Processes)
o Report on in-situ restoration of an aquifer contaminated with halogenated
organic contaminants (Env. Processes)
1987; o Evaluation and development of laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring
groundwater contamination using fiber optics (Monitoring)
o Computer code and documentation for predicting solubilities in mixed-sol-
vent systems {Env. Processes)
o State-of-the-art report on Interaction of injected fluids with geologic
materials (Env, Processes)
1986: o Evaluation of Initial methods for constructing monitoring wells with hollow
stem augers (Monitoring)
o Training manual for groundwater contaminant modeling (Env. Processes)
o Report on case study of Class I (Industrial) Injection Wells (Env. Pro-
cesses)
OW-13
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WINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,929,500 supported by 194.7 total work-
years for 1988, a decrease of $71,900 and no change In total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $10,163,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $13,766,200 win be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $193,800 and a decrease of $265,700, respectively.
P rpgramDesc ri pt1on
The Drinking Water research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office of Drinking Water (ODW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act {SDWA)
in the areas of contaminant occurrence and health effects, analytical methodology,
control technology and related costs, and the protection of groundwater resources.
Objective 1; Develop Drinking Water Standards Basedon HealthEffects Through
Risk Assessment Studies. Research in thisactivityprovideshealthassessment
information to support the Office of Drinking Water in developing revised regulations
to control drinking water contaminants under the SDWA. The health research program
also assists States in ascertaining causes of waterborne infectious disease out-
breaks and determining the hazard to humans from exposure to infectious agents
through drinking water.
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologiesand Monitoring Data for Drink-
ingWater standarllTResearch supportingthisobjective provides analytical proce-
dures to monitor drinking water contaminants. In.addition, engineering research
will evaluate treatment processes and costs to support ODW regulatory decision-
making.
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Hethodsand Datafor Protection of ground-
Water Resources.Work in thiscategory willprovidethe'sciintific oasis for the
pipotectlon of underground drinking water sources to implement Section 1421 and 1414
of the SDWA. These efforts are coordinated with the pesticides and hazardous waste
programs.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSHEMT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $659,600 supported by 9.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $412,800 w,1ll be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $246,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $10,400 and a decrease of $1,200, respectively, and no
change in total workyears,
Develop Drinking Hater Standards Based on Health Effects Through Risk Assess-
ment^ Studies.Research will provide health criteria and assessment documentsfor
drinking water contaminants of disinfectants and thein by-products. The program
will continue to provide technical support and*assistance in response to Regional and
State requests. Research will also continue to maintain state-of-the-art methodo-
logies for assessment of potential risk to human health from exposure to constituents
found in drinking water.
DW-14
-------
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $650,400 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $402,400 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $248,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, this program is finalizing twenty-eight criteria documents for
publication. The aluminum document, pending guidance from QDW, will be finalized.
The program is also preparing thirty health advisories for final external review,
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $1,200 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammini. (+$1,200) A reprogramurtng was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net Increase of $1,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1886, the Agency obligated a total of $399,400 supported by 8.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $332,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $67,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments include the completion of the public comment response on
criteria documents. Drinking water criteria documents on disinfectants and disin-
fectant by-products were externally peer reviewed (chlorine and by-products; chlora-
mines and ammonia; chlorophenols). Thirty health advisories for 1,445 unregulated
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)'were revised.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,077,200 supported by 29.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,641,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,436,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $44,400 and a decrease of $206,000, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects enhance-
ment of the in-house groundwater research program. The decrease in Research and
Development reflects the completion of several studies on groundwater monitoring.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Prinking Hater Stan-
dards"The program will distribute quality control samples and conduct performance
evaluation studies. Method validation studies will be conducted for organic con-
taminants newly regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The program will
evaluate 10 Regions for capabilities to provide quality data 1n support of the
National Interim Primary Drinking Mater Regulations monitoring program.
Provide Scientific Methods andData for Protection of GroundwaterResources.
Research will continue to provide both technical information and improved methods for
predicting contaminant movement and transformation. Research will Include looking
at identification and assessment technologies for improving injection well prac-
tices, assessing fluid movement from Injection wells and developing laser induced
fluorescence for monitoring groundwater by fiber optics.
DW-15
-------
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency Is allocating a total of $3,238,800 supported by 29.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,596,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,642,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the monitoring program is expediting methods validation work to meet
the new drinking water regulations for organic chemical contaminants. The program
provides analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants including
development of procedures for analysis of radioactive contaminants and improved
coliform analysis methods.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $206,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprpgrapilngs. (+$206,000) Several reprogrimnrfngs were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in § net increase of $206,000 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,385,200 supported by 28,2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,497,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,887,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the revised Primary Drinking Water Regulations, analytical
methods for the determination of organic compounds in finished drinking water and
raw source water were developed as well as analytical methods for the National
Pesticides Survey.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,752,700 supported by 68.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,451,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,301,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $88,500 and a decrease of $93,500, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will be used to
conduct 90-day toxiclty tests on several additional disinfectants and disinfectant
by-products. The decrease in Research and Development reflects completion of
research on the chemical mechanisms that initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
Develop ,.PrlHK1j>q Mater Standards Based on Health Effects Through Risk Assess-
ment Studies, the health research program will continue to support the ODW frf its
effort to develop drinking water recommended maximum contaminant levels. In re>-
sponse to the new Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, toxicological data will be
developed for those compounds on the list of 83 for which data gaps have been
identified. In the area of disinfection, research will be conducted to isolate,
identify, synthesize and characterize the toxiclty of the major disinfectant
by-products with emphasis placed on the more polar compounds.
Microbiological research will be conducted to develop a methodology for identi-
fying viruses and bacteria using gene probes and monoclonal detection systems to be
used in exposure assessment. An epidemiological study to determine the health
effects from heterotrophic organisms growing in point-of-entry treatment devices
DM-16
-------
will be conducted. A study will be undertaken to relate microbiological Indicators
to levels of symptomatic Illness In humans affected by drinking water contaminated
by viruses. Research on improving Glardia detection techniques and determining
1 nfect1vi ty wi11 conti nue.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,757,700 supported by 68.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,362,700 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,395,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The health research program continues to provide a scientific base for the
Agency and States to use 1n identifying and controlling harmful contaminants in
drinking water. Research is focused on those areas identified by ODW which support
their regulatory efforts. This includes research on disinfectants, organic contami-
nants, waterborne pathogens and disease, inorganic chemicals and water treatment
chemi cals.
1987 Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted level
The net increase of $93,500 results from the following actions:
-Rep rogr a ironings. (+$93,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were notreportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $93,500 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $8,706,500 supported by 66.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,147,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,558,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A study to determine the carcinogenic and tumor promoting activity of
dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethylene administered in the
drinking water to mice was completed. The study of health effects associated
with point-of-use granular activated carbon (GAC) filters in the home was completed.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,137,700 supported by 60.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,179,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,958,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $50,600 and $53,100, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The increase will be used in the area of drinking water treatment tech-
nology for disinfectants in support of the development of drinking water standards*
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring DataforDrinking Water Stand-
ards."This program will continueto provide evaluationofprocesses for removal
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and radionuclides for use in
regulation implementation. It will provide information'on treatment systems perfor-
mances and costs to permit cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment sys-
tems. The program will Increase to provide evaluations of disinfectant effective-
ness and factors contributing to microbial deterioration of water quality in distri-
bution systems. Research emphasizing technologies especially adaptable to small
systems will continue.
DW-17
-------
1987 Prograni
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,034,000 supported by 60.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,129,100 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,904,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research Is continuing to evaluate treatment processes and costs to support ODW
replatory decision-making. Cost data are being compiled for unit processes to do
cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems. Factors which contribute
to deterioration of water quality in distribution systems and methods for control
are being investigated. Research emphasizing technology particularly adaptable
to small systems is also being continued.
1987Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted Level
The net decrease of $17,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammlngs. (-$17,300) Several reprogramnrt ngs were made to this activity
which were notreportable under the Congressional reprogrammlng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net Increase of $35,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $53,100 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shmerrts
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,553,500 supported by 62.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,950,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,602,7QO was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A report on the cost and performance for treatment of synthetic organic chem-
icals was produced and an evaluation of in-pi ant tribalomethane control technology
was completed. An Interim report on the inactivation of'microbial agents by chemical
disinfectants was produced.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,302,300 supported by 26.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,478,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,823,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
this represents a decrease of $100 and $18,100, respectively, and no change 1n total
workyears.
Provide Scientific Methods and'Datafor Protection of GroundwaterResources.
This program win focus on methodsdevelopmentaridstudies of surface transport
and fate processes such as sorption, biological transformation, redox, hydrolysis
and ion exchange. Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of i£ situ aquifer
restoration techniques will continue, leading to cleanup where previously the
cost was prohibitive. This work 1s coordinated with the Hazardous Waste and
Pesticides Programs.
Field evaluation of movement and transformation of waste from underground
injection wells will continue. Joint studies will be conducted with the People's
Republic of China in the area of transport and fate of groundwater contaminants.
Technical assistance for the Wellhead Protection program- and major technology
transfer programs will also continue as well as support for Underground Injection
Control (UICJ research work.
DW-18
-------
1387 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,320,500 supported by 26.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,478,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,842,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research 1s focused on developing and improving methods for predicting the
Impacts of contamination on underground sources of drinking water as well as provid-
ing for information transfer for the National Sroundwater Information Center and
the International Groundwater Modeling Center, The program is determining the
cost-effectiveness of in situ aquifer restoration techniques and supports the Under-
ground Injection Control (tllC) regulation by studying the fate and transport of
wastes in and from the injection zone. The Wellhead Protection research program
1s providing groundwater models suitable for State and local programs.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $56,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$56,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogranmring limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $38,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net Increase of $18,100 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,276,800 supported by 28.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,374,900 was from the- Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,901,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, three major reports were published: EPA Groundwater Research Pro-
grams, Sroundwater Quality Protection - State and Local Strategies, and case
study of Class I Injection Wells.
DW-19
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING HATER
ABATEMENT §> CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines......... DW-21
Criteria, Standards * Guidelines , D₯-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance. DW-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants. OW-29
Special Studies fi Demonstrations.. .» DW-30
Training DW-31
Wellhead Protection Program Grants......,....,...,...,, DH-32
Drinking Water Management..... ON-33
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-35
Underground Injection Control Program DW-37
Ground-Water Protection. , DH-40
DW-20
-------
DRINKING MATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Criteria, Standards 8
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $5,449.5 $5,580.9 $6,14S.3 $6,146.3 $6,810.1 $664.8
Abatement Control and $4,886.7 $S,003.0 $9,133.0 $9,133.0 $8,903*0 -$230.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10,336.2 $10,583.9 $11,278.3 $15,278.3 $15,713.1 $434.8
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses $5,449.5 $5,580.9 $6,145.3 $6,145.3 $6,810.1 $664.8
S Abatement Control and $4,886,7 $5,003.0 $9,133.0 $9,133.0 $8,903.0 -$230.0
N Compliance
H*
Drinking Water TOTAL $10,336.2 $10,183.9 $15,278.3 $15,278.3 $15,713.1 $434.8
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 90.5 93.6 105.3 105.3 113,5 8.2
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 90.5 93.6 105.3 105.3 113.5 8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 100.6 101.8 113.5 113.5 113.5
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 100.6 101.8 113.5 113.5 113.5
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,713,100 supported by 113.5 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $434,800 from 1987. Of the request, $6,810,100 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,903,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $664,800 and a decrease of
$230,000 respectively.
Program Description
Criteria Standards and Guidelines This program is responsible for determin-
ing and overseeing requirements under the Safe Drinking Mater Act (SWA) for public
Hater systems (PWS) and underground Injection wells. This encompasses: 1) Identi-
fying contaminants "known or anticipated to occur" in PWSs that may have any adverse
human health effects; 2) determining the regulatory requirements for such contatni*
nants within the constraints of analytical and treatment technology, to preclude
such health risk; 3) developing enforceable regulations and other requirements that
constitute PHS Supervision and Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs; and 4)
providing direction and oversight to the implementation of PWS Supervision and UIC
programs.
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-339) contain several new
requirements, including 1} promulgation of at least 83 new National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWRs) on a 3-year schedule; 2) establishment of a triennial
cycle (beginning in 1988) of listing priority contaminants and subsequently promul-
gating no less than 25 additional NPDWRs from the 11st; 3) promulgation of filtra-
tion NPDWRs for systems with surface water sources by the end of calendar 1987 and
disinfection NPDWRs by mid-1989; and 4) establishment of an unregulated contaminant
monitoring program by the end of calendar 1987 whereby all PWSs test for EPA-des1gna-
ted contaminants in a recurring 5-year cyclt. Other requirements involve revising
the PWS regulatory programs in enforcement, variances, exemption and public
notification authorities, UIC regulations, primacy eligibility for Indian tribes,
bans on lead-content plumbing materials, and mandated reports to Congress.
CRITERIA. STANDARDS ftND GUIDELINES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,713,100 supported by 11.3.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,810,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $8,903,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $664,800 and a decrease of $230,000, respec-
tively, with no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries tnd Expenses
supports increased operating costs, while the decrease in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects the completion of regulatory tasks {e.g., 9 NPDWRs) and the
achievement of self-sufficiency by the third party additives evaluation program.
In 1988 EPA will promulgate the second set of Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
(MCLGs) and NPDWRs for at least 40 contaminants, pursuant to the new statutory
timetable, while developing the basis for the final third set of 34 standards due
in mid-1989. We will continue the response to legal challenges against promulgated
fluoride and Volatile Organic Contaminants (VOC) regulations. In the beginning of
the fiscal year we will:
DW-22
-------
1) publish the required list of contaminants that may be candidates for regulations
within three years; 2) promulgate a filtration treatment NPDWR, whereby primacy
authorities prescribe such treatment technology for PWSs with surface sources; and
3) promulgate regulations for an unregulated contaminant monitoring program. In
the meantime we will pursue development of a disinfection-treatment NPDWR applicable
to all systems, required in 1989. An adjunct to this regulation will be MCLGs and
regulations for disinfectant by-products, a serious potential health threat.
A national survey of pesticide contamination in water supply wells will be
underway with the joint participation of the drinking water and pesticide programs,
testing for approximately 60 Ingredient and by-product compounds. With data charac-
terizing the nationwide incidence of pesticide occurrence in such sources, the
drinking water program can rank the pesticide compounds within its regulatory
candidate list and add compounds of concern to the monitoring program. Additional
health advisories will continue to be prepared for contaminants associated with
monitoring initiatives and in response to reports of localized contamination.
Other Amendment mandates for 1988 will be met, including: 1) the promulgation
of eligibility requirements whereby Indian tribal authorities may be granted pri-
mary enforcement authority (primacy) for PWS and UIC regulations; 2} promulgation
of revisions to UIC regulations specifying new monitoring requirements for Class I
wells; and 3) completion of a report to Congress comparing the relative health
risks associated with pollutants and other contaminants versus those arising
from treatment practices. After the 1987 completion of the assessment of Class V
injection wells we will consider and possibly implement new regulatory measures to
better deal with high-risk practices and oversee State and Regional actions concern-
ing particular wells.
Both national programs are at a critical point in their respective development,
compelling a more aggressive field review of PWS and UIC programs. Requirements
for PWS program management and oversight will Increase with the issuance of new
contaminant standards and treatment requirements, along with other changes to PWS
program provisions (variances; exemptions and public notification) to enhance
compliance. Meanwhile, the program will ensure that the relatively young under-
ground injection control prbgram is preventing the endangemtent of underground
sources. As technical issues develop with UIC implementation (permitting, compli-
ance monitoring, mechanical integrity testing), we will help assure consistency
through guidance, technical bulletins and implementation tools. In both programs,
national oversight and coordination will entail definition and tracking of environ-
mentally relevant results.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $15,278,300 supported by 113.5
total workyears for this program of which $6,145,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,133,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The SDWA Amendments have altered the previous regulatory development agenda
and timetable to some extent. Priority is shifting to timely completion of the
NPDWRs for 83 contaminants and the filtration-treatment regulation. Maximum Con-
taminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and NPDWRs for 9 contaminants are being promulgated in
1987, accomplishing the first statutory deadline, and at least 40 more contaminant
standards are proposed. Standards for microbiological contaminants are on a sepa-
rate accelerated schedule from the chemical contaminants, joined with the filtration
regulation, to meet the tighter statutory deadline. '
A number of procedural changes to the PWS program ensue from the Amendments,
which require the program to develop and implement new provisions, during 1987.
OW-23
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This Includes new public notification (PN) regulations and guidelines for invoking
variances and exemptions and completion of the mandated study of Indian water
supply problems.
Other tasks relate to UIC mandates: 1) the promulgation of EPA administered
UIC programs to all Indian jurisdictions presently without programs; and 2) comple-
tion of a report to Congress containing an inventory of Class V injection wells,
along with an assessment of the contamination threat and recommended regulatory
requirements. Additional direct oversight of UIC programs is aimed at reviewing
and improving the quality of program performance.
Sampling and analysis for the survey of pesticide contamination of water
supplies begins in 1987 after the completion of a "pilot" sampling exercise, while
the National Inorganics and Radionuclide Survey is completed. Health advisories
are prepared for compounds to be monitored by the survey and by the unregulated
contaminant program, as well as for compounds under regulatory consideration.
1987 Explanation of Changes froin the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $10,336,200 supported by 100.6 total workyears,
of which $5,449,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,886,700
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The first Revised NPDWR (which now stands as one of the 9 new NPDWRs, pursuant
to the SDWA Amendments) for fluoride was promulgated in April. A Secondary Drinking
Water Regulation, specifying i contaminant level to protect against adverse effects
to public welfare (in this case, a dental-cosmetic effect) was promulgated simultan-
eously. The first statutory requirement of the SBdA Amendments, notification of
the States of their responsibilities under lead-contaminant-plumbing prohibitions,
was completed on September 16. In November 1985, eight RMCLs (the predecessor term
to MCLG) were promulgated with proposals of corresponding MCLs according to the
pre-Amendment procedures. At the same time, 42 RMCLs were proposed for inorganic,
organic and microbiological contaminants. Pursuant to the pre-Amendment SDWA
requirements, proposed RMCLs were nearly completed for radionuclides when the Amend-
ments required that such proposals accompany actual NPDWR proposals. As we were
not yet prepared to propose actual HCLs for radionuclides, EPA proceeded to publish
an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (ANPRM) in September to invite discussion
pertaining to the rationale for radionuclide MCLGs.
Accompanying the proposal of 8 volatile organic contaminant (VOC) MCLs was a
proposed rule to require all systems to monitor for additional VOCs 1n a five-year
period, pursuant to the existing SDHA authority to require unregulated contaminant
monitoring and conforming in many respects to the new, mandatory monitoring provi-
sion. At the sane time, progress was made with a pesticide survey design, Incorpor-
ating the additional "pilot" step. Health advisories were under development for the
nearly 130 compounds involved in both monitoring initiatives.
DW-24
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ro
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $28,315.4 $28,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0
Compliance
TOTAL $28,215.4 $28,450..0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $8,688.0 $8,500.0 $9,500.0 $9,500.0 $9,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $8»688.0 $8,500.0 $9,500.0 $9,500.0 $9,500.0
Special Studies A
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $2,243.1 $2,600.0 $2,600.0 -$2,600.0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,243.1 $2,600.0 $2,600.0 -$2,600.0
Training
Abatement Control and $204.2
Compliance
TOTAL $204.2
Wellhead Protection
Abatement Control and $8,000.0 $8,000.0
Compl 1 ance
TOTAL $8,000.0 $8,000.0
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D
I
ro
en
ORIMC INS WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 198? ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL: X
Abatement Control and $39,350.7 $36,950.0 $45,550.0 $45,550.0 $50,950.0 $5,400.0
Compi 1ance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $39,350,7 $36,950.0 $45,550.0 $45,550.0 $50,950.0 $5,400.0
Program Resource
Assistance
-------
DRINKING MATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $50,950,000 for 1988, an increase of $5,400,000
from 1987. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $5,400,000.
Program Description
The intent of the Safe Drinking Water Act is that States should assume the
primary role for implementing and enforcing the drinking water and. Underground
Injection Control (UIC) regulations. Financial assistance, in the form of grants,
is provided to the States to develop and maintain these programs. To be eligible
for these grants the States must have primary enforcement authority (primacy).
Indian lands demonstrating intent to achieve primacy may receive a grant for the
initial development of their programs.
This subactivlty includes the following drinking water programs:
Publ ic Mater Systems Supervision Program Grants This program provides
grants to primacy States for PWS regulatory provisions aimed at ensuring that the
Nation's water supplies are free from contamination which may pose adverse health
effects. The SOWA Amendments of 1986 authorize the Administrator to provide PWS
grants to eligible Indian Tribes and specific changes in PWS Supervision programs
aimed at broadening the health protection afforded by National regulations as well
as improve compliance with regulations, particularly among small systems. State
programs and Indian lands supported by these grants must adopt the changes in
order to sustain primacy. EPA may use the funds allocated to non-primacy States
and to Indian lands who do not qualify for primacy to defray the cost of Federal
direct Implementation, including travel .
Underground Injert^^ -- This program provides grants
to support St ate ''~act"i"vitTes Tn tSptenientlng the UIC program. As with the PWS
program, EPA may use the funds allocated to a non-primacy State or Indian land for
program implementation, Including associated travel .
Soeci ajtin St udi es antil Deitipnst rat i ons This program provides resources for
training riirKr't^chnTcaV'^ssi stance" to operators of small rural water systems.
Training This program provides funds for fellowships to State personnel in
the PWS and UIC program areas for academic training and academic grants.
Well head Protection Program Grants This program provides grants to support
State activities' to protect wellhead areas of all public water supplies within
their jurisdiction from contaminants that may have adverse effects on public health.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,450,000, for this program all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
no change from 1987.
DW-27
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During 1988 several additional statutory requirements for State PWS Supervision
Programs will become effective. First and foremost, Sates will pursue total elimi-
nation of violations to any and all regulatory requirements by use of the full range
of avail able tools. States will take actions according to a strategy of escalating
the severity of action commensurate to the seriousness of the violation. The most
important target will be systems in "significant non-compliance", for which "States
will be expected to bring into compliance or apply formal compliance action.
Consequently, States will substantially increase the exercise of their administra-
tive, civil and criminal enforcement authorities.
States will begin to Implement the first 9 new National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWRs), revising their legal authorities to accommodate new
MCLs, expanding State laboratory certification capability, and lending assistance
to systems 1n preparing for the requirements. At the same time systems will be
called upon to monitor for unregulated contaminants over a 5 year period.
A filtration treatment NPDWR will be promulgated in December 1987, This
unique primary regulation will entail mandated special Amendment procedures whereby
the primacy authority (be it a State or EPA) must determine the need for Installing
or upgrading filtration and pre-treatment processes In systems with sources from
or directly influenced by surface water. The Amendments also specify a timetable
for implementation. First, the States must adopt the necessary regulations to
administer and enforce the filtration rule within 18 months of Its promulgation
(i.e., June 1989). Upon adoption, States have only 12 months to make the determi-
nations. States will begin to amend their legal authorities in 1988 to adopt the
technology-based standards and specify their unique "determination" procedures. A
few such "determinations" can be expected in 1988.
State programs will be subject to a number of other procedural changes ensuing
from the Amendments, implementing: 1) new public notification requirements; 2)
authorities to issue new 1-year exemptions, attendant enforceable compliance
schedules and 3-year "extensions" to compliance deadlines; 3} new ground rules for
MCL variances and 4) bans on lead-content plumbing materials. If EPA determines
that 'a State is not enforcing the lead ban requirements, 1t may withhold up to 5%
of the PUS State grant. In 1988, Indian tribal authorities may be eligible for
primacy, pursuant to forthcoming Federal eligibility regulations.
The PWS grant funds will continue to support primacy program and EPA direct
implementation program activities including analytical services, sanitary surveys,
training, disease surveillance, cm-site technical activities, and data management.
1987 Program
In 198? the Agency is allocating a total of $33,450,000 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for this program.
Subsequent to the SDWA Amendments, State programs will redouble their efforts
to bring Public Mater Systems into compliance, using judicious combination of
technical assistance and enforcement. States will draw agreements (Including
exemptions) involving gradated schedules for actions to reduce contaminant levels.
In more serious Instances, States will take formal enforcement actions and punitive
administrative penalties.
*
1987 Explanation of Chanjies from jlie Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 198? Budget.
DW-28
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $28,215,400 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
Fifty-four States and territories, encompassing 96% of the Nation's Community
Water System maintained primacy and received grants while EPA used the funds alloted
to the States and Indian jurisdictions for contract implementation. With tne
growing number of contamination incidents, State officials increasingly are called
upon to gauge the public health risk and evaluate an appropriate remedy. The
grants also support program and data management activities.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change in the total level.
These funds will support State or EPA programs to protect underground drinking
water sources from contamination through underground injection practices. Permit-
ting, which enables States (or EPA) to apply the general UIC requirements to site-
specific conditions, will continue to be a high program priority. New wells asso-
ciated with oil and gas production (Class II), existing Class Ii salt water
disposal wells, new wells related to deep Injection of hazardous and municipal
wastes (Class I) and new mining wells (Class III) remain the priority for permit-
ting. Along with the permitting responsibilities, the States or EPA will conduct
mechanical integrity tests, well record reviews and track compliance with permit
conditions and regulatory requirements.
In an effort to promote greater compliance and enforcement, efforts will focus
on increased site inspections and review of monitoring reports to determine adher-
ence to regulatory requirements. When necessary, administrative orders (AOs)
and/or legal action will be Initiated against owners/operators that significantly
violate UIC regulatory requirements. This will include preparing public notifica-
tion of violation and intent to issue AO, and conducting public hearings. In
cases of legal actions, the States will be required to develop technical cases
against violators which include preparing litigation reports and affidavits and
providing testimony as necessary.
In addition to the major activities cited above, the grant funds will support
technical assistance to operators, maintenance of Inventory data, and regulato-
ry changes to accommodate new EPA requirements and/or guidelines. The Agency will
also provide Initial grants to Indian Tribes working towards primacy as authorized
by the Safe Drinking Hater Act Amendments of 1986. In non-primacy States, the
Agency may use a portion of the grant funds for travel related to implementation
activities. .
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,500,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Of this
'amount $8,500,000 is being allocated using the current formula and $1,000,000 is
being allocated in direct proportion to the number of Class I and CTass II wells
in each state to direct resources to achieve specific program priorities.
DW-29
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These funds support programs to protect underground sources of drinking water
from contamination through underground injection in all 57 States and Territories,
as well as on Indian lands. EPA uses grant funds allotted to 18 full non-primacy
and 7 partial non-primacy States and Indian lands to support direct implementation
activities. The top priority for permitting by EPA and the States is new Class II
wells,
Grant funds also support surveillance and compliance activities. The pro-
gram's primary means of surveillance is through the receipt and review of opentor
reports. For this system to be effective, there must be no question about the
credibility of operators' data. This requires the program to maintain an effective
verification effort. In addition, demonstrated absence of leaks is an important
element of compliance, verified through mechanical Integrity tests. Where viola-
tions are evident, appropriate enforcement action is being initiated. States will
emphasize compliance with permit conditions by increasing inspections, mechanical
integrity tests (MIT) and surveillance activities.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of 8,688,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
An additional State received primacy during Ii86 bringing the total to 33
full/6 partial. EPA implemented 24 Federal programs, supported in part by the
grant funds. The States and EPA completed 6,713 permit determinations for new
and existing wells and conducted evaluations to determine if permit requirements
were being met. In addition, mechanical integrity tests were conducted to ensure
the integrity of the wells. The States/EPA also focused on compliance activities
by increasing field inspections and initiating enforcement actions. Other activi-
ties included the review of monitoring reports, maintenance of inventory data,
conducting the Class V assessment and preparation of annual report data to EPA,
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1988 Program Request
No funding 1s requested for this program. This represents a decrease of
$2,600,000 1n the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The decrease represents the Agency's position that the National Rural Mittr
Association has demonstrated the effectiveness of grass-roots training and technical
assistance programs to benefit small rural systems and that individual State
associations should be able to move toward self-sufficiency through the use of
organizational dues and training fees.
DW-30
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,600,000 for this program, all
of which 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The EPA Is funding 31 independent non-profit State Rural Water Associations
covering 33 States through subagreeraents with the National Rural Water Association.
These State Associations, under supervision of the national organization, provide
"grass-roots" training and technical assistance to owners and operators of rural
water systems to help achieve and maintain compliance with the Safe Drinking water
Act.
Training includes various modes such as seminars for operators and decision
makers, technical training courses for rural system personnel, problem solving
training sessions Involving two or three operators with the same problems, home
study water supply training and joint training sessions with other State and Federal
agencies. All training 1s based on Individual State Association needs determined
by needs analysis, past experience and Input from the State primacy agency. Topics
covered in training Include: small water system and well operations and maintenance,
monitoring, record keeping, water regulations, rates, reporting, system management,
distribution, and disinfection which enhance the rural water system delivery of
clean, safe, drinking water. The yrant provides for a minimum of 950 hours of
technical assistance provided by the State rural water associations.
1987 ExplanationofChangesfrom the Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the agency obligated a total of $2,243,100 from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance expropriation for the Rural Mater Training and Technical Assistance
Program conducted by the National Rural Water Association.
A new training concept which Increased technical assistance hours from a
minimum of 600 to 950 was funded with the new year grant. This technical assist-
ance and training included 92 informational seminars for operators and decision
makers, 24 technical sessions, 6 joint sponsorship sessions with other State and
Federal agencies and 14 problem solving sessions. In addition to the formal tech-
nical assistance sessions, 4,657 technical assistance visitations were made during
this period which addressed problems specific to Individual rural water systems.
TRAINING
1988 ProgramRequest
No funds are requested for this program.1 It is the Agency's view that there
are sufficient opportunities for State personnel to obtain training In environmental
and public health fields without Federal support.
1987 Program
No funds are being allocated to this program element in 1987. Beginning in
1987, the Agency's academic training funds are being managed centrally within the
Interdisciplinary program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level because the Agency's academic training
funds are being managed centrally in 1987.
DW-31
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1986 Accomplishments
'In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $204,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Agency
awarded 76 fellowships (61 PWS; 15 UIC) to support academic training for State
agency personnel involved in the administration and implementation of tne Public
Water System-Supervision Program and the Underground Injection Control activities
related to the protection of underground sources of drinking water.
WELLHEAD PROTECTION PR06RAM GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This program is a new
activity to be implemented in FY 1988.
The Wellhead Protection Program was established in the Safe Drinking Water Act
Amendments of 1986. Wellhead protection areas are defined as any surface or sub-
surface areas surrounding wellfields through which contaminants are reasonably
likely to move and reach a well or wellfield. Recent estimates show that there are
approximately 200,000 public water supply systems which have ground water as a prin-
cipal source. Some are large, sophisticated public water systems; others are small
community systems; and, there are also noncommunity wells which serve restaurants,
schools, plants and factories. The size of the wellhead area for each system will
vary substantially based on many factors. Therefore, the number of potentially
polluting activities which the States must identify for those wells associated with
public water supplies systems could range Into the millions.
This is a State developed and administered program with each State determining
the extent of the wellhead area to be protected. Specific data requirements which
must.be .provided by the States during the application process include; (a) speci-
fication of the duties of State and local agencies and public water supply systems;
(b) determination of the wellhead areas for each public well; (c) an Inventory of
all potential anthropogenic sources within the protection area; (d) establishment
of contingency plans for alternative water supplies in case of contamination; (e)
description of the siting requirements for all new wells; and (f) procedures for
public participation.
States will be expected to submit a program to protect wellhead areas to the
EPA Administrator within 3 years of enactment of the SDWA Amendments. If a State
does not submit a program, there are no penalties nor can EPA administer a program
in lieu of a State. The state simply will not qualify for federal assitance in
protecting the wellhead area.
1987 Program
There 1s no 1987 program, as this is a new activity 1n 1988.
1987 ExplanationofChanges from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level because this 1s a new activity in
1988.
1986 Accomplishments
*
There were no 1986 accomplishments to report as this is a new activity in
1988.
DW-32
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 198? ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries & Expenses $4,607.8 $5,016.6 $4,813.8 $4,813.8 $4,862.2 $48.4
Abatement Control and $3.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0
Coinpl lance
TOTAL $4,610.8 $5,026.6 $4,823.8 $4,823.8 $4,872.2 $48.4
Underground Injection
Control. Program
Salaries & Expenses $5,268.9 $5,521.3 $5,316.6 $5,316.6 $5,370.4 $53.8
TOTAL $5,268.9 $5,521.3 $5,316.6 $5.316.6 $5,370.4 $53.8
TOTAL:
Salaries X Expenses $9,876.7 $10,537.9 $10,130.4 $10,130.4 $10,232.6 $102.2
Abatement Control and $3.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0
Compl1ance
Drinking Mater TOTAL $9,879,7 $10,547.9 $10,140.4 $10,140.4 $10,242.6 $102.2
Management
PERMANENT WORKYIARS
Public Water Systems 116.2 121.6 114.8 114.8 124.6 9.8
Supervision Program
Assistance
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking .Water Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 ' 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Underground Injection
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
136.4
252.6
141,1
262.7
137.0
2S1.8
137.0
2S1.8
147.6
272.2
10.6
20.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 128.6 132.4 126.9 126.9 124.6 -2.3
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 149.2 153.9 150.6 150.6 147.6 -3.0
Control Program
TOTAL HORKYEARS 277.8 286.3 277.5 277.5 272.2 -5.3
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DRINKING WATiR
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,242,600 supported by 272.2 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $102,200 ind a decrease of S.3 total workyears from 1987*
Of the request, $10,232,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase
of $102,200 and no change respectively.
Program Pescri pt1on
Two major Regional prpgrams comprise this subactivity.
Public Mater Systenis Supervision Program Assi stance This program consists
of RegTonalactivities pertaining to national Implementation of drinking water
regulations to ensure that public water systems (PWS) are free of contamination
which may pose adverse health effects. The Regional offices provide oversight and
support to States with primary enforcement authority (primacy) for administering
PWS Supervision programs and implement corresponding programs 1n non-primacy,
direct implementation (D.I.) jurisdictions, including States and Indian lands.
The SDUA Amendments of 1986 specify changes in PUS Supervision programs which the
Regions must either implement or require State programs to adopt. The Regions
evaluate State programs, award the PWS grants and continue to respond to contami-
nation Incidents (Including those involving unregulated contaminants) which may
adversely affect the safety of water supplies.
Underground Injection Control Program -- This program consists of the Re-
gional activities related to the protection of underground sources of drinking
water from unsafe injection practices. The Regions are responsible for ensuring
the implementation of Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations by either
oversight of primacy States or Indian lands or actual implementation of the program
requirements.
PUBLIC MATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,872,200 supported by 124.6 total workyears,
of which $4,862,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,000
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an Increase of $48,400 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and a decrease of 2.3 1n total
workyears. The Increase represents Increased operating costs.
Improving compliance among Community Water Systems (CMS) with standing regula-
tory requirements remains a high priority, but State and EPA programs must also
prepare to adopt and administer additional new standards, treatment requirements
and monitoring. The first nine new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPOWRs) will become effective by the end of calendar 1988. Before this, all
primacy States are expected to adopt the legal authority to apply and enforce the
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and monitoring reporting (M/R) requirements
that comprise primary regulations, and also begin finding any instances of HCL
violations. Accompanying these and subsequent new standards will be a serious new
burden on Regional laboratory certification responsibilities, which is the principal
DM-35
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control for assuring the accuracy of compliance data. Some systems must also begin
in 1988 to monitor for unregulated contaminants, expanding further the number of
new contaminants for which laboratories are certified.
A filtration treatment NPDWR will be promulgated in December 1987. This will
be a unique primary regulation which will entail special Amendment procedures
mandating that primacy authorities (be it State or EPA) determine the need for
installing or upgrading filtration and pretreatment processes in systems with
sources from or directly influenced by surface water. In 1988 the Regions will help
primacy States revise their legal authorities to incorporate these specific provi-
sions. As States adopt the regulatory authority, the Regions will provide advice
on making case-by-case determinations and prescribing/ tracking enforceable compli-
ance schedules. Finally the Regions will also begin making determinations for
surface-source systems in non-primacy jurisdictions so that they can complete the
task by 1990.
Primacy authorities will be subject to a number of other procedural changes
ensuing from the Amendments. States will be seeking Regional help and guidance for
implementing: 1) new public notification requirements; 2) authorities to issue new,
1-year exemptions and 3-year "extensions" under extenuating circumstances; and 3)
new ground rules for variances from MCLs. By 1988 all States are required to
implement provisions banning lead-content plumbing materials; Regions will be
reviewing each State's provisions, working with the States in the event of inaction
or inadequate provisions and, ultimately take punitive measures (i.e., withholding
5% of PWS grant funds) against recalcitrant States. Upon the promulgation of
eligibility requirements for Indian tribes' primacy in early 1988, Regions will
start working with Indian authorities to develop and review primacy applications.
In promoting further gains in compliance with existing regulatory requirements,
the Regions will continue to support States in emphasizing elimination of all
violations of the NPDWRs, using the full range of available tools and escalating
actions as needed. Pursuant to the Agency's guidance, the Regions will negotiate
quarterly compliance targets with the States for the reduction of "significant non-
compliance* with microbiological, turbidity and trihaloraethane (THM) requirements.
The minimum target is a 10% overall annual decrease of systems in "significant non-
compliance.11 The program will continue to track State compliance monitoring to
find and help with problem systems and help respond to contamination of supplies
and waterborne disease outbreaks. With the State primacy agencies Regions will
help to confirm concentrations, advise on appropriate testing/analytic procedures,
contribute lexicological data for assessing prospective health risks and determine
remedial steps (treatment, alternative sources, follow-on monitoring) necessary or
advisable.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $4,823,800 supported by 126.9
total workyears for this program, of which $4,813,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The principal current Regional priority is to improve compliance among commu-
nity water systems with all MCLs and M/R requirements, where EPA implements PWS
supervision programs and where 54 States and territories now have primacy. The
strategy is to promptly resolve or address all systems defined to be 1n "signifi-
cant non-compliance." This concept has been redefined for 1987 to sharpen the
focus on systems in: 1) "persistent" violation of microbiological and turbidity
MCLs, 2) total non-compliance during the last 12 months with monitoring/reporting
(M/R) requirements for these and THHs; 3) violation of any other MCL to an extent
that is an "unreasonable risk to health"; 4) total non-compliance with all other
chemical M/R requirements; or 5) violation of a requirement of a formal compli-
ance agreement/schedule. In achieving this strategy the Regions are starting
DW-36
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special compliance initiatives where such "significant" problems are clustered,
presently in the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean Islands and among Alaskan Native
Villages.
When EPA promulgates new NPDWRs for 9 contaminants, Regions Mill work with the
primacy States to Incorporate regulatory and monitoring requirements and help
States with new analytic techniques so that they meet additional laboratory certi-
fication requirements. The Regions will start the detailed consultations with
States regarding program changes accompanying the SDHA Amendments, particularly
those in effect Immediately with enactment (e.g., new exemption authorities, new
compliance categories, lead-bans) and will help conduct a survey of Indian water
supplies. To accomplish these tasks and to Implement a more aggressive enforceable
presence, all mandated by the SDWA Amendments, the Regions are curtailing surveil-
lance of interstate carrier conveyance supplies. Ongoing assistance in response
to contamination incidents and all other oversight, evaluation and management
tasks are maintained.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There Is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $4,610,800 supported by 128.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,607,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. In February, Oregon became the fifty-fourth State to receive primacy for the
PUS program. Primacy States are now responsible for more than 96% of the nation's
community water systems. Compilation of FY 1985 compliance*rates Indicated that
only about 700 community water systems (1.2%) were out of compliance with the
microbiological MCL a "significant" amount of time, less than 300 (2'.4% of surface-
source systems) out of compliance with turbidity MCLs and 30 (less than 1% of large
and very large systems) with trihalomethane (THM) MCLs.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,370,400 supported by 147.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $53,800 for program operating costs and a decrease of
3.0 total workyears due to increased State delegation.
During 1988, EPA will continue to Implement State-specific DIG programs 1n 23
non-primacy States (16 full and 7 partial) and on Indian lands. The Regions will
continue to emphasize permit determinations with new Class II (oil and gas) wells
remaining the highest priority followed by existing Class II salt water disposal
wells, Class I and III wells, and Class V wells which may endanger underground
sources of drinking water. In addition, the Regions will be responsible for ensur-
ing compliance with the permit requirements by conducting on-site Inspections and
witnessing and reviewing mechanical integrity tests. Other activities will include
developing site-specific guidances, maintaining Inventory data, and preparing
annual reports.
In addition to Implementing Federal programs 1n non-primacy States, EPA will
oversee and provide technical assistance to primacy States. The 'Regions will
evaluate State efforts 1n implementing their programs to ensure that the programs
continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements. As in the direct implemen-
DH-37
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tatlon programs, the Regions will focus on State permitting programs. The Agency
wfll review State permits to ensure that they are issued 1n accordance with
approved State programs and see that the permit conditions are being properly
enforced. Other oversight activities will include a review of State non-compliance
reports, compiling annual report data for submission to Headquarters, preparing
State-specific guidance documents and administration of the State grant program.
In addition to activities in primacy and non-primacy States, the Regions will
begin a new initiative in 1988 to implement monitoring requirements for Class I
injection wells as required under the Amendments to Part 146 of the U1C regulations
mandated by the SWDA Amendments of 1986. This will include a review of monitoring
requirements to determine those which will address the monitoring needs of any
Class I well being permitted. The Regions will be required to implement these
requirements in non-primacy States. They will need to verify that the primacy
State programs adequately address these Issues and that the States are implementing
the provisions. The Regions will provide assistance to Indian Tribes who are
working toward assuming primacy as authorized by the SWA Amendments. For those
States not intending to assume primacy, the Regions will continue to implement
Federal programs.
1987 Prograp
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,316,600 supported by 150.6
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Agency is implementing Federal programs in 25 States and on Indian lands
in addition to initiating steps to withdraw primacy from one State. As in the
past, the Agency continues to focus on issuing permit determinations.
Now that most Class I and III wells have been permitted, the Agency is concen-
trating on eliminating the backlog of permits for Class II wells in accordance with
the 5-year permitting schedule. To verify this the Regions are conducting on-site
inspections, witnessing mechanical Integrity tests and conducting record reviews to
ensure that permit requirements are being met. In cases where violations exist,
the Regions are referring the case to the Drinking Mater Enforcement program for
action. Other activities Include developing State-specific guidances and providing
technical assistance, conducting site visits to verify inventory data and classifi-
cation of injection wells; conducting public participation and training activities,
and preparing quarterly and annual reports for Headquarters. The Regions are also
implementing programs on Indian lands.
Regional activities in primacy States include general oversight (review of
well-record reports, operator reports, review of State-Issued permits, and annual
report data) and the provision of technical assistance through the Issuance of
guidance documents or on-site assistance. The Regions are emphasizing to primacy
States the priority placed on compliance and actively encouraging States to promote
compliance through on-site inspections, record reviews, and mechanical integrity
tests. The Regions, through quarterly reporting data, are reviewing the States'
progress and taking action as necessary in cases where the program is not being
properly enforced.
Other Regional activities include completion of the Class V assessment,
maintenance of inventory data, and program grant administration.
1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
*
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
DM-38
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1986
During 1986 the Agency obligated a total of $5,268,900 supported by 149.2
total workyears for the program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Regions continued to process State primacy applications which is now a
total of 33 full and 6 partial State programs. EPA implemented Federal programs
in 24 States which had not been delegated primacy (18 full; six partial). The
primary focus of the direct implementation program was the issuance of permit
determinations in accordance with the Agency's implementation strategy. This
strategy recognizes the statutory mandate not to impede oil and gas production by
placing highest priority on new Class II wells followed by Class I wells in order
to control the underground injection of hazardous wastes. The Regions also worked
toward completing an assessment of Class V wells to determine the number and types
of wells and their contamination potential 1n order to establish appropriate
requirements for siting, construction, operation and monitoring of the various
sub-classes. The Regions also maintained inventory data on all injection wells,
witnessed and/or conducted mechanical Integrity tests, conducted file reviews and
well inspections. They also provided technical assistance to and developed guid-
ances for individual State programs.
The Regions continued to provide oversight of and technical assistance to the
primacy programs. To determine the effectiveness of these programs, they evaluated
State progress in implementing the programs through on-site visits and review of
monitoring and compliance reports and also conducted data verification reviews to
ensure the accuracy of data used to report program compliance. As a result of
the intensive oversight conducted by the Regions, Region V determined that the
Illinois primacy program was not being effectively implemented and Initiated steps
to have primacy revoked by the Administrator.
The Regions also continued to process petitions to designate -sole source
aquifers and to evaluate proposed Federally funded projects in designated areas to
determine the potential for contamination. This function, however, has been trans-
ferred to the Ground Mater program element 1n 1987.
DW-39
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DRINKING HATER
Sroundwater Protection
o
*»
o
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Groundwater Protection
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control- and
Compliance
Groundwater TOTAL
Protection
PERMANENT WORKfEARS
Groundwater Protection
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKlfEARS
Groundwater Protection
TOTAL HORKtTEARS
$1,439.4
$1,020,2
$2,459.6
$1,439.4
$1,020.2
$2,459.6
27.7
27.7
29.2
29.2
$1,398.3
$900.0
$2,298.3
$1,398 .'3
$900.0
$2,298.3
27.3
27.3
28.0
28.0
$3,903.3
$2,770.0
$6,673.3
$3,903.3
'$2,770.0
$6,673.3
81.0
81,0
81.6
81.6
$3,903.3
$2,770.0
$6,673.3
$3,903.3
$2,770.0
$6,673.3
81.0
81.0
81.6
81.6
$4,197.6
$3,000.0
$7,197.6
$4,197.6
$3,000.0
$7,197.6
81.6
81.6
81.6
81.6
$294.3
$230.0
$524.3
$294.3
$230.0
$524.3
.6
.6
-------
DRINKING WATER
Ground-Mater Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,197,600 supported by 81.6 total workyears for
1988, an increase of $524,300 over the 1987 level and no change in total workyears.
Of the request, $4,197,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an in-
crease of $294,300 and $230,000, respectively.
Program Description ..
Ground-Water Protection This program focuses actions under current author^
ties to protect the Nation's ground water. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Amendments of 1986 authorized a new Wellhead Protection Program which has the
principal purpose of protecting wells that supply public water systems. This
assistance program is targeted directly to ground-water resources and wilt be
implemented in 1988. In addition, ongoing activities which are supported under
other authorities will continue to focus attention on ground-water protection and
prevention concerns. The major objectives of these activities Include: supporting
and enhancing institutions at the State level, coordinating ground-water protection
activities across EPA programs, providing assistance 1n addressing problems that
arise from sources of ground-water contamination that are of national concern, and
implementing guidelines for EPA decisions affecting ground-water protection and
cleanup. Both Headquarters and Regional staffs are supported by these programs.
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,197,600 supported by 81.6 total workyea'rs
for 1988 for this program, of which $4,197,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These requested amounts represent Increases of $294,300 and $230,000
respectively and no increase in workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased operating costs. The Increase in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation will be used to develop materials, such as Technical Infor-
mation Publications (TIPs) and guidance documents, which will assist States in their
ground-water activities.
In 1988, the Agency's efforts in the protection of ground-water resources will
include the Implementation of the Wellhead Protection Program authorized in the SDWA
Amendments of 1986. EPA's responsibilities have been designed to maximize the
States' flexibility in developing programs to meet their particular and unique
needs and to complement and enhance the Agency's and States' ground-water protection
strategies. Principal activities of Headquarters and Regions trill be to conduct
orientation sessions for State personnel on all aspects of the legislation and
assist in technical (i.e., hydrological assessments) and administrative (i.e. appli-
cation development and review} elements of this program. EPA will also act as a
liaison with other Federal agencies which must, by statute, comply with the State
laws and regulations developed under the aegis of wellhead protection.
In addition to these new activities, the Agency will continue to build on its
Ground-Water Protection Strategy efforts. Headquarters and Regions will provide
assistance to States through issuance of technical reports on areas such as
monitoring, classification, and wellfield protection.
DW-41
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The issuance of the ground-water classification guidelines is an important step
in achieving a national focus on ground-water protection. With these guidelines
established as Agency policy, Headquarters and Regions will work with other EPA
offices to incorporate them into regulations and policy statements in order to
improve the consistency in treatment of ground-water across EPA programs. Moreover,,
EPA will work with those States which have ground-water classification systems to
help achieve the equivalence of the State systems to EPA's and the application of
the State systems to Federal programs where appropriate.
The Agency will continue to carry out, during 1988, the activities which
streamline the Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) designation process that were developed in
accordance with provisions of the SDWA Amendments of 1986 in order to both designate
SSAs and conduct related environmental Impact reviews.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,673,300 supported by 81.6 total
workyears to this program of which $3,903,300 1s from the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation and $2,770,000 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
EPA is developing guidance on establishing criteria for States to determine
wellhead protection areas. This guidance will include hydrogeologlc methodologies
related to the vulnerability of the site and the size and pumping rates and will
serve as an essential element for the grants guidance documents for States. Head-
quarters and Regions are also preparing the necessary grant application and review
procedures for this new program. Regions are providing assistance to the States in
the preparation of applications for Wellhead Protection grants which will be funded
in 1988.
A formal process for Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) designations is also being
carried out in 1987. The designation process begins with the submlttal of a
petition. The EPA Regional office collects and reviews the Information on the
aquifer and conducts a public comment period and hearing on its designation. A
decision on designation is then made and published in the Federal Register.
With respect to the Ground-Water Protection Strategy, the Agency is involved
in a variety of activities to support and enhance national attention on the protec-
tion of ground-water. A ground-water monitoring strategy has been developed to
provide a policy framework for cross-cutting ground-water monitoring Issues and
for common data sharing systems.
The ground-water classification guidelines have been developed, and reviewed
within EPA and were published in the Federal Register for public comment 1n early
1987. ""
Regions are helping States deal with specific ground-water problems and are
involved in Regional coordinating committees in order to achieve a consistent
approach to ground-water issues across Agency programs.
1987 Explanati onof Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget*
DW-42
-------
1986 AccompJishrngnts
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,469,600 supported by 29.2 total
workyears of which $1,439,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,020,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During the last quarter of 1986, the Agency began the initial steps of imple-
menting the SDHA Amendments of 1986. Workgroups and technical advisory committees,
composed of representatives from EPA and State and local governments, were esta-
blished.
Other activities focused primarily on ground-water protection strategy include
the Issuance of a Technical Information Publication on Septic System and Ground-
Water Protection, a document on Pesticides in Ground-Water, an agency-wide survey.
of program activities which address the 33 contaminant sources identified in an
Office of Technology Assessment document, the compilation of descriptions of
ground-water protection legislation enacted by States In 1985, and symposia on
public policy issues related to ground-water. These symposia were conducted by a
consortium of universities and focused on such topics as "Institutional Coordina-
tion for Ground-Water Pollution Control" and "Local Government Options for Ground-
Water Pollution Control,
DW-43
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PRINKING MATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement ,, DW-45
DW-44
-------
DRINKING HATER
Drinking Hater Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROQIAM
Drinking Hater
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $1,167.4 $1,248.3 $3,927.5 $3,927.5 $4,278.2 $350.7
TOTAL $1,167.4 $1,248.3 $3,927.5 $3,927.5 $4,278.2 $350.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,167.4 $1,248.3 $3,927.5 $3,927.5 $4,278.2 $350.7
Drinking Hater TOTAL $1,167.4 $1,248.3 $3,927.5 $3,927.5 $4,278.2 $350.7
Enforcement
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
1.3
1.3
Drinking Hater
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Drinking Hater
Enforcement
TOTAL HORKYEARS
28.9
28.9
31.5
31.5
32.0
32.0
33.7
33.7
89.4
89.4
90.7
90.7
89.4
89.4
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,278,200 supported by 90.7 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $350,700 and no change in total workyears from 1987. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
Drinking Hater Enforcement . This program serves to ensure national compliance
by Public Water Systems (PWS) and Underground Injection Control (UIC) operators
with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in both primacy and
non-primacy States as well as on Indian lands. The 1986 SDWA Amendments provide
the Agency with new authorities and responsibilities for taking enforcement actions
against PWS and UIC operators/owners that violate regulatory requirements. The
program covers national policy and guidance development for implementing the
enforcement authorities, compliance strategy development. Issuance of administrative
orders (AOs) and penalty assessment, evaluation of national compliance, compliance
monitoring activities and technical support for judicial enforcement actions.
In the PWS and UIC Regional enforcement program, administrative orders are
issued against alleged violators of regulatory requirements. The Regions coordinate
with the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) and Regional Counsel
in issuing administrative orders, determining penalty assessments, conducting
penalty hearings and reviewing appeals. Technical support 1s also provided in the
preparation of civil actions against violators of the Primary Drinking Uater Regula-
tions, and UIC regulations in non-primacy State jurisdictions and on Indian lands.
The Regions, with State Involvement if possible, prepare case documentation for
civil enforcement actions relating to recalcitrant violators in primacy States
when the State falls to take timely and appropriate enforcement action. A program-
matic change has taken place to transfer technical permitting activities to the
Regional UIC program and to transfer compliance related activities in the Regional
UIC program to the Enforcement program.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1988 ProgramLRequest
The Agency requests a total of $4,278,200 supported by 90.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $350,700 and no change in total workyears. The
Increase reflects increased operating costs.
A high priority in 1988 will be to improve system compliance with existing
microbiological, turbidity and chemical Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). Current-
ly, two percent of community water systems significantly violate regulatory
requirements. EPA and the States will take action to reduce the number of signi-
ficant violators in primacy and non-primacy States. As compliance with existing
standards receives greater emphasis, EPA must also prepare to Implement and
enforce several new statutory requirements "'.pertaining to new drinking water stand-
ards for volatile organic contaminants, monitoring for unregulated contaminants,
public notification procedures and requirements and violations of exemption com-
pliance schedules. Regional PWS enforcement activities will involve enforcing
the drinking water standards and new regulatory requirements including issuance of
DW-46
-------
Notices of Violation (NOV) and Administrative Orders (AOs) against non-complying
systems. In other cases, the Regions will provide assistance to a State primary
enforcement authority in issuing an AO or taking other appropriate enforcement
action.
The continued issuance of UIC permits and other program responsibilities,
coupled with the expanded field presence in the EPA administered UIC program and
increased compliance monitoring, will generate a growing Regional UIC enforcement
workload. Failure to apply for a permit, test for well mechanical integrity,
comply with operation or construction requirements or provide monitoring reports
will require Regional action to obtain compliance. The Regions will respond to
Instances of non-compliance by Class I and IV wells and significant Class II, III
and V violations. The Regions will continue to issue AOs and take other appropriate
enforcement actions against owners/operators who fail to comply with UIC regulatory
requirements. They will also conduct hearings on PWS and UIC enforcement actions and
review appealed orders. The program will support civil enforcement actions devel-
oped for Department of Justice (OOJ) referral against violators of PWS and UIC
requirements. Technical support will be provided to address prior year civil
referrals at OOJ and track compliance with consent decrees and judicial orders.
At the national level, guidance will be essential to help the Regions interpret
and administer the additional statutory requirements. Assistance will be provided
to the Regions 1n Issuing AOs against owners/operators not 1n compliance with the
PWS and UIC requirements and reviewing a portion of AOs and penalty appeals to
ensure adherence to national enforcement policies and procedures. The PWS Compli-
ance Strategy will be revised to reflect the added responsibilities for compliance
with new contaminant standards and treatment technology requirements. Focus on
compliance with chemical and radiation standards will require reassessment of
enforcement priorities which currently emphasize microbiological and turbidity
compliance. Oversight of new civil enforcement cases, review of case, records and
monitoring the progress of enforcement cases at DOJ wil.1 be conducted. Recommenda-
tions on appeals of Regional permit determinations in non-primacy States will be
provided.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,927,500 supported by 90.7
total workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986 provide the Agency with
new enforcement authorities and responsibilities under the PWS and UIC programs.
Regional PWS enforcement activities focus on compliance and enforcement against
significant and recalcitrant violators. The Regions are issuing NOVs and AOs and
taking other appropriate enforcement action against PWSs in both primacy and non-
primacy jurisdictions that are found to be significant violators of MCLs and/or
monitoring and reporting requirements. Enforcement actions are expected to be
taken primarily against systems in violation of microbiological, turbidity and
chemical requirements. The Regions are coordinating the issuance of Initial AOs
with the Headquarters enforcement program to ensure adherence to national PWS
compliance policy.
Monitoring compliance with UIC permits and statutory requirements continues
to be a program priority. The Regions are reviewing compliance data, inspection
data, permit files and mechanical integrity test Information to determine the need
for enforcement action. The Regions are Issuing AOs against owners/operators who
fail to comply with UIC regulations or requirements, participating with Regional
Counsel in hearings and preparing administrative records. Currently, the issuance
of AOs concentrates on violators in non-primacy States, The Regions expect to
assist State primary enforcement authorities in issuing an AO or taking other
appropriate enforcement action.
DW-47
-------
The Regions are also supporting civil enforcement actions for referral to DOJ
against systems and Injection wells in violation of PWS and UIC regulations. These
cases are being initiated with State input as part of the Agency's compliance and
enforcement policies. This includes preparing litigation reports, conducting
on-site investigations, reviewing files and records in preparation for court filing,
providing court testimony, assisting courts in penalty determinations and tracking
consent decrees and court orders. Continued support is being provided to address
ongoing civil cases and track compliance with judicial orders and consent decrees.
At the Headquarters level, procedures for delegating enforcement authori-
ties to the Regional level 'were approved. A rule will be promulgated to specify
penalty assessment and hearing procedures for the UIC and PWS administrative en-
forcement actions. Enforcement program guidances are being developed with the
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECH), Regional Counsel, and
Regional enforcement programs to assist the Regions in interpreting and implementing
the new enforcement authority. This includes guidance on whether to pursue viola-
tors of the UIC regulations through criminal, civil or administrative enforcement
action, guidance for issuing proposed orders, model UIC and PUS orders, policy on
assessing administrative penalties, model Notices of Violation, and guidance on the
use of subpoenas in UIC enforcement. The Initial AOs and penalty assessments
issued by the Regions are being reviewed and approved by Headquarters to ensure
national consistency and adherence to Agency policy. Special compliance Initiatives
in the Pacific Ocean Islands, the Caribbean, and the Alaskan Native Villages are
Currently underway.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In. 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,167,400 supported by 31.5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Regional PUS enforcement activities focused on compliance and enforcement
against the most significant violators in primacy and non-primacy States. To
Improve system compliance with the microbiological and turbidity MCLs, the enforce-
ment and technical staffs worked together 1n negotiating compliance targets and
schedules with systems in violation of MCLs. Civil enforcement actions were
developed by the Regions and referred to DOJ for prosecution Including documentation,
providing expert testimony and monitoring consent decrees and court orders.
Regional UIC enforcement activities continued to focus on the administrative
aspect of permit Issuance In non-primacy jurisdictions, Including Indian lands.
This included conducting administrative reviews of permit applications, conducting
public hearings as necessary, Issuing final permits and defending permit appeals.
The Regions continued to take civil enforcement actions against owners/operators
in violation of the UIC regulations and provided support to prior year DOJ referrals.
Ten civil enforcement actions were developed by the Regions as part of the UIC loss
of authorization enforcement initiative.
At the Headquarters level> continued oversight and monitoring of civil enforce-
ment actions was provided in conjunction with OECM. Recommendations were provided
on appeals of Regional UIC permit determinations in direct Implementation jurisdic-
tions. Procedures for processing permit appeals as well as guidance on loss of
authorization was developed to assist the Regional offices in implementing the UIC
regulatory program. Uork was initiated on policy guidance and regulations to
implement the enhanced enforcement authority provided by the SOW A Amendments of
1986.
DW-48
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Hazardous Waste
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Haste Research HW-9
Scientific Assessment... HW-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance HW-16
Health Effects , HW-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology HW-18
Environmental Processes and Effects................ HW-19
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research HW-20
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-22
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste.. HW-26
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-28
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water HW-29
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HW-31
F1 nand al Ass1 stance HW-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States........ HW-34
Hazardous Waste Management Initiative Grants HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants.......... HW-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation.... HW-38
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-40
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-44
HW-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
HAZARDOUS «ASTE
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries fi Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research * Development
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
$58,571.5 $66,175.2 $67,300.3 $67,168.6 $69,382.0 +$2,213.4
$138,711.7 $153,692.0 $154,337.0 $154,377.0 $149,255.8 -$5,121.2
$37,591.6 $36,369.0 $36,549.9 $36,587.2 $30,737.2 -$5,850.0
$234,874.8 $256,236.2 $258,187.2 $258, 132.8 ($249, 375. 0 -$8,757.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,246.0 1,301.3 1,339.4 1,339.4 1,485.4 +146.0
1,362.7 1,462.3 1,481.6 1,481.6 1,485.4 +3.8
$205,247.6 $239,991.5 $244,650.6 $244,430.6 $249,810.9 +$5,380.3
The Hazardous and Solid Haste Amendments of 1984 reauthorized
this program at a level of $252,408.3 for 1986, $248r529.0 for
1987, and $249,529.0 for 1988.
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEM AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as revised by the Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative mandate for
a nationwide program to manage hazardous wastes from generation through disposal.
The Agency has made substantial progress towards the major milestones established
by HSWA. Yet much remains to be accomplished in protecting human health and the
environment from current hazardous waste management practices.
A significant portion of the waste universe is not yet adequately defined or
regulated, and many facilities are not in compliance with regulatory standards.
In addition, environmental contamination at many facilities, including closed
facilities, must be addressed through corrective action requirements and permitting
authorities. Additional handlers have become regulated due to HSWA including
small quantity generators and underground storage tanks (UST). As regulations
are promulgated, increased emphasis must be placed on theilr implementation
and enforcement, including augmenting State enforcement capabilities.
To address these problems, the Agency has developed a strategy which encom-
passes six major objectives. These are to (1) implement strong State programs;
(2) emphasize permitting of hazardous waste facilities; (3) strengthen compliance
monitoring and enforcement; (4) develop new and significantly improve existing
regulations; (5) develop and implement a regulatory program for underground storage
tanks (UST); and (6) conduct research and development to support regulatory programs.
Implement Strong State Programs
The effective management of hazardous wastes is dependent on a. strong Federal/
State partnership. The Agency will assist the States in upgrading their program
capabilities to meet new and modified Federal standards. The Agency will continue
to support the States by providing direct program assistance, training, guidance,
and financial support. The Agency and the States will continue to operate within
tne Interim National Criteria. These criteria define the key factors and perfor-
mance expectations for managing and evaluating the RCRA program.
States will continue to develop legislation and regulations to incorporate
HSWA provisions into their programs. The Agency and the States will jointly examine
existing State authorities to determine what changes are needed. The Agency will
provide incentives to States to become authorized for HSWA provisions more quickly.
Emphasize PermittingofHazardous Waste Facilities
A major objective 1s to permit operating land disposal facilities by November
1988 and Incineration facilities by November 1989, both of which are statutory
deadlines. Permitting activities are significantly affected by HSWA resulting
in a more extensive permit processing program. Permits issued after November 8,
1984, must incorporate HSWA provisions (e.g., double liners, corrective action
for prior releases, exposure assessments, and land restrictions provisions), when
applicable. The additional requirements entail more extensive effort on each
permit, particularly regarding corrective action of releases from solid waste
management units.
The Agency and the States will jointly'process and issue permits. Authorized
States will prepare those portions of a RCRA permit that Include pre-HSWA program
requirements and any HSWA provisions for which they are authorized. EPA will
be responsible for preparing those portions of the permit that include HSWA
provisions for which a State is not authorized.
HW-3
-------
A significant number of land disposal facilities have closed because of their
inability to comply with HSWA requirements. The Regions and States will continue
to process closure plans and will work on post-closure permits at the most environ-
mentally significant closing facilities. Additional permitting priorities include
processing permit modifications and applications for research, development, and
demonstration (RDSO) permits. Permit modifications will become increasingly impor-
tant as land restriction regulations and alternate treatment requirements go
into effect, and as facilities modify their processes to minimize waste or expand
their capacity.
Strengthen CompllanceHonitoring, Enforcement. and Correctl ve Acti on
The enforcement program will develop policies, guidances, and strategies for
monitoring and promoting compliance with the requirements of RCRA and HSWA and
will provide national guidance, oversight, and training to the Regions and States
for implementing the Hazardous Waste Management program. Activities will Include
developing guidance and policy for waste oil management and land ban regulations;
developing and disseminating policy and guidance on the use of enforcement tools
specifically Section 3008 (h) orders; developing strategies for effective implemen-
tation of corrective action; and providing expert advice on technical and legal
precedents relating to corrective action. The Agency will be providing enhanced
technical support and training to the Regions and States in such areas as correc-
tive action, underground storage tanks, and land ban enforcement.
An area of continued importance will be monitoring and promoting compliance
of all hazardous waste handlers. The Agency will conduct annual Inspections at
Federal, State, and local government treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
and will conduct the mandated inspections in non-participating States. The Agency
will oversee and provide technical support for State inspections of other facilities
and will enforce the HSWA provisions in non-authorized States. Increased emphasis
will be placed on the inspection of generators and transporters to prevent evasion
of the new land ban regulations. All enforcement tools will be used to ensure
that violations are met with timely and appropriate enforcement actions. Compliance
with previously issued orders, in particular, those relating to ground water and
closure, will be closely monitored.
As the Agency continues its efforts to meet the permitting deadlines, the
program will implement the HSWA provisions requiring corrective action for prior
releases. All land disposal facilities seeking permits will have a facility as-
sessment completed. The Agency will continue to promote an effective working
relationship with the owner/operator to determine the nature and extent of con-
tamination, to develop corrective action alternatives that minimize the potential
cost to the federal government for cleanup under Superfund, and to provide suf-
ficient oversight for actions initiated. The Agency will use appropriate enforce-
ment tools, where necessary, to ensure that the work is being performed correctly.
Priority will be given to the most environmentally significant releases.
Develop few andRevise Existing Regulations
The Hazardous Waste regulatory program will focus on three important areas
of activltyj (1) Promulgation and implementation of important regulations; (2)
mid-course corrections for several earlier regulations that have been difficult
to Implement effectively; and (3) further definition and regulation of the waste
universe, based on risk-analysis and technology standards, in a manner that also
creates incentives for the regulated community to manage wastes properly.
Substantial work remains in meeting important HSWA and RCRA deadlines and re-
quirements. Additional regulations will be developed to support the banning of
wastes from the land unless pretreated according to established Best Demonstrated
Htf-4
-------
Available Technology (BOAT) standards. Corrective action regulations and guidance
will address such areas as trigger levels and target levels for cleanup, facility
versus unit approaches, and permitting versus enforcement mechanisms. Other major
activities will Include promulgating Subtitle D criteria; proposing regulations
for controlling air emissions at hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (TSOF)'; Issuing regulatory revisions to control the discharge of hazard-
ous wastes more effectively into publicly owned treatment works; and developing
tailored standards for mining wastes under Subtitle D, A group of related issues
such as products of incomplete combustion, metals emissions, dioxin emissions, and
other particulates will entail revising and developing standards for facilities
that burn waste as fuel, hazardous waste incineration facilities, and municipal
waste combustors.
Activities vital to implementing the regulations effectively include guidance
development, training, technical assistance, communications outreach to the public,
and processing of petitions and variances. The Agency will develop guidance for
Subtitle D, waste combustion, incineration, land disposal restrictions, closures,
remedial investigations, and corrective measures, these major regulations will
require development of a comprehensive implementation strategy and a detailed
training program.
Many current regulations are proving to be difficult to implement. Improve-
ments will be made in regulations that cover permit modifications, mobile treatment,
expansions of facilities still under interim status, and Subpart Y experimental
facilities. The definition of solid waste, which underlies all other regulations,
will be simplified and made more consistent. Polychorinated blphenyls (PCB) will
be integrated into the RCRA program.
The Agency will lay the foundation for a program based increasingly on risk-
analysis both in regulations and implementation. Listings will be redefined based
on concentration levels to remove waste streams with an environmentally insignifi-
cant amount of hazardous waste from the regulatory system, and to bring significant
wastes Into the system more quickly. Toxicology data will be developed to support
a greater emphasis on risk-analysis. Greater emphasis will be placed on training
staff in risk-analysis and on applying a combined technology/risk-based approach
to key program areas such as permitting, alternate concentration levels, technology
transfer, and the tank rules. The waste minimization study will require following
up with specific industries unable to address the issue of the generation of highly
toxic wastes.
Deyelofi and Implement^he UST Program
The Agency will issue final regulations for new and existing tanks. These
will encompass tank standards including corrosion protection and leak detection,
requirements for reporting releases, financial responsibility assurances, and
corrective action standards. Policy and guidance documents will be developed
1n the above areas, and training and technical assistance will be provided to the
States for implementation.
The Agency will continue to conduct Inspections and issue enforcement actions
against violators of the Interim Prohibition which forbids the Installation of
bare steel tanks. Enforcement guidances and implementation strategies for the new
regulations will be developed and initial enforcement activities will begin under
the new regulations, as they become effective late in the year.
The Agency will assist 1n the development of the State UST programs by pro-
viding technical support for program development and will review and approve State
program applications.
HW-5
-------
Conduct Research and DevelopmenttoSupport Regulatory Program
The Research and Development program will develop scientific and tech-
nical Information to support regulatory development and implementation. Major
thrusts Include continued development of analytical methods to identify hazardous
wastes and improved subsurface monitoring methods for more reliable ground water
monitoring. Areas of continued research effort include: Studies of contaminant
behavior in ground water to allow for improved ground water evaluation approaches;
identification and evaluation of alternatives to conventional means of disposing
and destroying wastes; evaluation of controls for emissions from municipal waste
combustors; and engineering and monitoring studies to improve the installation,
design, corrective actions for and monitoring of underground storage tanks. Risk
assessments will continue to be performed to support listing and waste-banning
decisions, and risk assessment guidance for municipal waste combustors will be
developed.
HW-6
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 vs. 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Regul ati ons and _6u_1 dance
RCRA Standards. 23 28 _4!2 39
Proposals 11 11 29 14
Promulgations 12 17 13 25
Listings/Variances. , 135 34 237 302
Listings 52 2 12
Delisting Petition
Review. 130 32 95 95
BOAT & Capacity
Determination........ 100 120
BOAT Variance Review.. 40 75
Implementation
Guidances 19 38 35 26
Reports to Congress 3 4 63
State Authorization:
pre-HSWA 15 , 0 5 3
pre-HSWA (Cumulative). 41 " 51 46 49
HSWA 1 10 15
HSWA (Cumulative)..... 1 11 26
Final Permit:
Determinations 450 830 830 971
(Cumulative).... 2,035 3,337 2.865 3,836
Enforcement Actions
Inspections 11,360 10,480 8,841 13,250
Administrative Orders 1,239 2,742 1,636 1,700
Civil Litigation 182 .1 286 300 324
Criminal Litigation 88 83 95 117
Corrective Action
Facility Assessments,
452
886
608
605
-3
-15
+12
+65
+10
+20
+35
-g
-3
-2
+3
+5
+15
+141
+971
+4,409
+64
+24
+22
-3
HW-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Tab!e of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS HASTE
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research..................................... ., HW-9
Scientif 1 c Assessment HW-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance HW-16
Health Effects.. HW-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology... HW-18
Environmental Processes and Effects... HW-19
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research HW-20
HW-8
-------
HAZARDOUS HASTE.
Hazardous Haste Research
ACTUAL
1986
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Haste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
« i.
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Envl ronmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
19B7
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1
$2
$3
$3
$10
$14
$1
$1
$4
$14
$19
$3
$6
$9
,059.1
,589.7
,648.8
,881.1
,706.2
,587.3
$861.4
,007.0
,868.4
,901.0
,753.9
,654.9
,127.3
,142.3
,269.6
$1,331
$3,062
$4,393
$3,635
$11,203
$14,838
$652
$1,756
$2,408
$5,429
$13,808
$19,237
$3,157
$6,540
$9,697
.5
.0
.5
.8
.0
.8
.1
.0
.1
.1
.0
.1
.5
.0
.5
$1,220
$2,913
$4,133
t
$3,678
$10,764
$14,443
$652
$1,756
$2,408
$5,341
$12,408
$17,749
$3,144
$6,207
$9,352
.0
.4
.4
.9
.6
.5
.1
.0
.1
.8
.0
.8
.6
.9
.5
$1
$2
$4
$3
$10
$13
$2
$2
$5
$12
$17
$3
$6
$9
,220.0
,852.2
,072.2
,643.0
,300.4
,943.4
$652.1
,206.0
,858.1
,335.5
,605.8
,941.3
S140.5
,122.8
,263.3
$1,253.2
$2,990.4
$4,243.6
$4,008.0
$10,058.4
$14,066.4
$669.2
$1,908.5
$2,577.7
$5,334.8
$10,153.9
$15.488.7
$3,234.4
$5,626.0
$8,860.4
$33
$138
$171
$365
-$242
$123
$17
-$297
-$280
-$
-$2,451
-$2.452
$93
-$496
-$402
.2
.2
.4
.0
.0
.0
.1
.5
.4
.7
.9
.6
.9
.8
.9
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Integrated Hazardous
Waste Research
Research & Development $2,392,5 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 -$2,500.0
TOTAL $2,392.5 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 -$2,500.0
TOTAL:
Salaries a Expenses $13,829.9 $14,206.0 $14,037.4 $13,991.1 $14,499.6 $508.5
Research 8 Development $37,591.6 $36,369.0 $36,549.9 $36,587.2 $30,737.2 -$5,850.0
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $51,421.5 $50,575.0 $50,587.3 $50,578.3 $45,236,8 -$5,341.5
Research
I
o PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Haste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Haste
Environmental
lb.3
46.2
11.6
8b.5
22.0 21.5
41.5 50.1
11.0 12.0
87.9 86.2
21.5
50.1
12.0
86.2
23.5
49.1
12.0
95.4
2.0
-1.0
9.2
Engineering *
Technology - Hazardous Waste
Environmental Processes 50.1 46.7 45.5 45.5 S3,5 8.0
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 208.7 209.1 215.3 215.3 233.5 18.2
-------
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Haste
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance,-,
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
Environmental Processes
8 Effects - Hazardous
Waste
22.8 24.5 23.5 23.5 23.5
51.0 48.5 50.1 50.1 49.1 -1.0
12.2 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
94.3 99.9 98.2 98.2 95.4 -2.8
54.8 58.1 53.5 53.5 S3.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
235.1 243.0 237.3 237.3 233.5 -3.8
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies
1988; o Summary report on performance evaluation program for alternative tech-
nologies (Engineering)
o Technical Resource Documents for metals/cyanides, corrosives, and halo-
genated organics (Engineering)
1987: o Report on evaluation of innovative technology for the treatment of hazard-
ous waste streams (Engineering)
1986: o Report on treatment/detoxification alternatives for PCBs and chlorinated
organics (Engineering)
Objectivei 2; Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Asjejsmejts ! ! ! ' ' "
1988: o Risk Assessment Field Guide for RCRA (Sci. Assessment)
o User's manual for metals-sped ation model (MINTEQ) (Env. Processes)
o Report on an economical alternative human health bioassay for decisions
on characterization of hazardous waste (Health)
1987: o Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sc1. Assessment)
o Report on organic multimedia* human exposure model (Env. Processes)
o Report on validity of jjrc vitro bioassay through comparison of ^n_ vivo
and In vitro mutagenicity of RCRA wastes (Health)
1966; o Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on hydrolysis rate constants for land banning decisions (Env.
Processes)
o Final report on the evaluation of four toxic chemicals in an In vivo/in
vitro toxicological screen (Health)
Objective 3; Conduct the Assessment and.ControlResearch Mecessary to Control Dioxin
1988; o Final report on pharmacoklnetics and liranunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD 1n
rhesus monkeys (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on photodegradation evaluation of dioxlns in soils (Env. Processes)
1987; o Final report on vapor phase photolysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Sc1. Assessment)
o Report on plant uptake of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Env. Processes)
1986: o Report on bioconcentration factors for 2,3,7,8-TCDD in two species of fish
(Env. Processes)
Objective 4:Develop Proceduresto Identify andMeasure ChemicalsinWastes
1988: o Evaluation of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (Monitoring)
o Guidance document for determining monitoring methods for Subtitle D sites
in or near wet environments (Monitoring)
HW-12
-------
1987: o Report on hazardous waste generator data and characteristics of sanitary
landfills in Florida (Monitoring)
1986; o Method evaluation for nitroaromatlc/ketone monitoring (Monitoring)
o Test of the volatile organic scan as an indicator parameter (Monitoring)
Objective5*DevelopData to Support Implementation ofLand Disposal Regulations
1988: o User's manual and computer program: Expert systems to assist in evaluation
of closure plans for land disposal facilities (Engineering)
1987; o Joint Report of U.S. EPA and Environment Canada: Evaluation of leaching
and solidification techniques for hazardous wastes (Engineering)
o User's guide for making land treatment decisions (Env. Processes)
1986: o Technical Resource Document: Design, construction and evaluation of clay
liners for waste management facilities (Engineering)
o Report on evaluation of alternative approaches to revegetation to support
closure requirements (Env. Processes)
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Implementation ofthe Incineration Regulations
1988: o Best practices manual for hazardous waste destruction in high temperature
industrial processes (Engineering)
o Report on evaluation of non-cancer toxicity of combustion residues and
emission sources with in yjtro bioassays/short term in vivo assays (Health)
1987_: o Interim guidance on performing risk assessments for waste incinerators
(Sci. Assessments)
o Full scale performance evaluation of alternative industrial processes for
hazardous waste destruction (Engineering)
1986; o Thermal destruction requirements for dioxin contaminated wastes (Engi-
neering)
Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance Supportto the Hazardous WasteProgram
1988: o Quality control samples for RCRA Appendix VIII chemicals (Monitoring)
1_987: o Report on quality assurance materials bank (Monitoring)
1986; o Annual report on calibration standards from U.S. EPA repository of
toxic and hazardous materials (Monitoring)
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
1988; o Evaluation of quantitative leak detection methods for underground petro-
leum storage tanks (Engineering)
o Report on hydrogeological approaches for mobilizing immiscible wastes for
corrective actions (Env. Processes)
1987; o Non-destructive testing techniques to detect containerized subsurface
hazardous waste (Engineering)
o Geophysical/geochemical techniques for LUST plume monitoring (Monitoring)
o Network design for hydrocarbon monitoring systems {Monitoring)
1986: o Manual for preventing spills of hazardous substances at fixed facilities
(Engineering)
HW-13
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,236,800 supported by 233.5 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $5,341,500 and a decrease of 3.8 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $14,499,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $30,737,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase
of $508,500 and a decr*9$f- of $5,850,000, respectively.
Program Description
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify those wastes which pose a substantial hazard to human health
or the environment, and management standards sufficient to prevent such harm.
Research in this program provides the scientific and engineering basis for char-
acterizing and determining the extent of the problems and for formulating controls.
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of ^Alternative Technologies.
Research supporting this objective is being used to implement provisions of RCRA
that require the banning of high hazard wastes from land disposal. The effective-
ness of treatment alternatives and waste altering processes is being evaluated and
performance parameters established.
Objective 2: ^^DevjBl^^jind_ Eyajjjat_e Tests and Procedures fj>r LjC^o^_uct1nfl. R1_s_k
Assessments. iftesea^cF1wlp|wr1tLfng"'"fftTs objective wil 1 provide more'"appTlcabLteV 'Yes's
expensive, simpler, and more accurate risk assessment methodologies, as well as
actual risk assessments for decision making.
Objectlye 3 ; Conduct the Assessment Ml.^^IJ^L^A6^^. ^SffSS.^/. ,I.P ftddress
Dloxin. Research supporting tn1 s object 1 ve wi IT detefrnilie ""Bie' nature and extent of
dioxin contamination in the U.S., evaluate the potential for human and environmental
effects* and determine the efficacy and costs of potential control technologies.
Objectlye 4; Devejpp Procedures to Identify r and Measure Chemicals in Hastes.
Research develops and validates the analytical procedures anJ techniques requi red
to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA. These are used for
listing and other regulatory decisions made by the Office of Solid Waste.
Objective 5; Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal
Research support! ng tWs objective provides support for permitting ~o?
l₯na ₯fsposal and land treatment facilities, and for Improvements 1n operation and
design requirements.
Objective 6; Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regu-
1 at 1 ons. Laboratory, pilot ancf full -scale units are Investigated to determine the
performance of a range of thermal treatment devices. Results are used by permit-
ting officials to evaluate permit requests and to monitor for compliance with
performance requirements.
Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance -Support to the Hazardous Haste Program.
A quality assurance program is being conducted to provide a scientific data base
of known quality to support RCRA regulatory activities. The program includes a
repository of calibration standards, reference materials and on-site evaluations
of contractor laboratories.
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases.
Re s earch supporting this objective addresses requirements established by the Clean
HW-14
-------
Water Act (CMA) §311 and RCRA's Underground Storage Tank (UST) program. Research
supporting these programs assesses the most cost-effective technology and scientific
techniques available to prevent and control releases of hazardous substances.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
The Agency requests a total of $4,243,600 supported by 23.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,253,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,990,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $33,200 and $138,200, respectively, and no change
in total workyears. These increases reflect development of additional methods to
assess the hazard and risk associated with various wastes and disposal practices.
Develop and Eyaluatfe Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments .
Health and Environmental Effects f Profiles (HEEPs) will be prepared to support RGRA
3001 listing decisions, as will reference doses, card nogeni city profiles, and
technical evaluations for the land disposal restriction and permitting programs.
Work will continue on a risk assessment field guide.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxln.
D1 oxi n research will continue at a lower level due to the completion of earlier
studies to support the National Dioxln Strategy. Remaining efforts w111 continue
with the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, metabolism, reproductive effects and
mutagenic effects.
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations.
Research will be expanded on the development of appropriate methods for FFsk
assessment for municipal waste combustion 1n response to public concerns over the
potential hazards of these 'facilities. Interim guidance will be developed and
work will begin on a comprehensive risk' assessment guidance document.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,072,200 supported by 23.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,220,000 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,852,200 1s from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the program emphasizes the production of Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles for listing decisions, and reference doses and card nogeni city profiles
for the land disposal restriction program. Technical expertise 1s being provided
to support facility permitting and work is being initiated on a municipal waste
combustion risk assessment methodology and a risk assessment field guide.
1987 Expl anati on of Changes from the Enacted Level
. The net decrease of $61,200 results from the following action:
-Reprogr ammi ng . (-$61,200) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not report able under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a decrease of $61,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 AccompJ 1 shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,648,800 supported 'by 22.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,059,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,589,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
HW-15
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The 1986 program emphasized preparation of Health and Environmental Effects Pro-
files, Reference Doses (formerly ADIs) and cardnogenicity profiles.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,066,400 supported by 49.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,008,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,058,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $365,000 and a decrease of $242,000, respectively,
and a decrease of 1.0 total workyear. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects enhanced support for the in-house program to evaluate methods to analyze
hazardous chemicals in wastes and to detect chemical spills and underground leaks.
The decrease in Research and Development reflects an emphasis on the use of more
cost-effective generic approaches to validate analytical methods, rather than the
method-by-method approach emphasized formerly.
DevelopProcedures toIdentify and Measure Chemicals in Hastes. Research will
supportthe Validation ofanalyticalmethods and the development of new methods.
Cost-effective methods for subsurface monitoring will be developed and evaluated
for their ability to detect waste plumes and track plume migration toward the
ground water. Research will continue on indicator parameters for groundwater
monitoring at RCRA facilities.
Provide Quality AssuranceSupport to theHazardousWaste Program. Quality
assurance support to the State andRegional contract labs program will be provided,
as will referee laboratory services. Standard reference materials will be developed
for use in the materials repository, and quality control and performance evaluation
samples will be distributed to contract laboratories.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Remote sensing
will be provided to the Regions for monitoring spills under emergency conditions.
Evaluation of leak detection monitoring methods for on-site underground storage
tanks will continue. This activity will Include evaluation of leak, monitoring
methods and design of networks for sensor placement.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,943,400 supported by 50.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,643,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,300,400 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Resources in 1987 are supporting the standardization of subsurface mon-
itoring methods for more reliable groundwater monitoring, the development of generic
analytical methods, validation of analytical methods, and provision of quality
assurance support to contract labs. ;
1987 Explanation of Changes from theEnacted Level
The net decrease of $500,100 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$500,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable .under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $35,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $464,200 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
HW-16
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $14,587,300 supported by 51.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,881,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,706,200 wis from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1986, new field monitoring methods for use at disposal sites were developed,
analytical methods were developed and validated, and a report was prepared on the
existing methods for analyzing for 2,3,7-8 TCDO (a form of dioxln).
HEALTH EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,577,700 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $669,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,908,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $17,100 and a decrease of $297,500, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease In Research and Development
reflects a reduced emphasis on dioxln research due to the completion of most
studies needed to support the National Dioxin Strategy.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments, Devel opment
and validation of portions of the toxi city screening protocol uriTI be continued.
Research will be conducted on toxic Interactions of chemicals 1n complex mixtures
and on extrapolations of test results to humans. Increased resources will support
new research to develop bloassay methods for the most potentially debilitating
non-cancer health effects for integration into human health hazard assessments.
Conduct the Assessment and Control! Research Necessary to Address Pi ox1n.
Heal th research will focus on defining the toxicity of dloxin-TIke compounds in
mixtures. This effort will Include the evaluation of their role in 1mmunotox1city*
Develop Data to Support ^Implementation of the Incineration
Research win focus on the health aspects of municipal waste combusti 6S7 The
human health implications of combustion alternatives will be compared to determine
those that influence the efficacy of risk assessment and management. Research
on the toxicity of air emissions and combustion residues for various classes of
combustors and various combustion parameters will occur. The bioavai lability of
emitted chemicals will be evaluated for various mitigation strategies.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,858,100 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $652,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,206,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987 this activity Involves development of portions of the toxicity screening
protocol. Bioassays for the most significant health endpolnts of complex mixtures
are being developed. Test methods for detecting health effects of dioxin are being
developed,
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $450,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+$450,000) A reprogrammi ng was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammfng limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $450,000 to the Research and Development appropriation.
HM-17
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,868,400 supported by 12.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $861,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,007,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Short term jj| vivo and jm vitro bioassays were under development for use in the
toxicity screen. Validation"of a segment of the toxicity screen was completed.
Work on development of a structure activity relationship method to assess the
toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals was initiated.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Prograrojtequest
The Agency requests a total of $15,488,700 supported by 95.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,334,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,153,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $700 and $2,451,900, respectively, and a decrease
of 2.8 total workyears. The decrease in Research and Development and total work-
years reflects the completion of engineering studies in support of the National
Dioxin Strategy, a reduced land disposal research program due to new regulations
emphasizing alternative technologies, and a reduced need for new studies on the
control of oil spills.
Peyelop Data to Support the Use of A1 ternat 1 ve Technolqg_ies« This program
will evaluate" new ^nd ex1 stinf alfernative treatmeTit processes for wastes likely
to be banned from land disposal. Efforts in support of waste minimization will
continue. Technical Resource Documents will be prepared on metals, corrosives and
halogenated organics. A summary report on results of the performance evaluation
program will be prepared. . ' -
Develop Datato Support Implementation of the LandDisposal Regulations,
Research in thispr-ogram will address major issuesassociatedwith disposal of
hazardous waste on land, including flexible membrane liners, soil liners, leachate
collection systems, covers, and large volume wastes. Studies will characterize
air emissions from waste management processes and field assess volatile organic
compound control protocols.
Develop JJata to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations. Pi 1ot
and fulT-scaTeperformance assessmentsForvariousthermaldestruction systems
will be conducted. Information will be provided on toxic metal emissions for
industrial processes and incinerators and for products of incomplete combustion.
Methods for predicting and avoiding operating conditions that nay result in failure
to meet permit conditions will be developed. Emission control for municipal waste
combustion will be evaluated, including the use of new and existing technologies,
field evaluation of full-scale plants, pilot scale research and evaluation of
developing pollution control devices. ,
De velop P rocedures to Prevent and Cgnta1n Hazardous Re1eases. Publications on
spill mitigation techniques using chemicaldispersants an3 mechanical equipment
will be produced. Research on Underground Storage Tanks (UST) will result in a
publication on leak prevention practices, assessment of retrofit technologies, and
Improvement of emergency response and remedial corrective action technologies to
support implementation of the UST program.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,941,300 supported by 98.2
total workyears for this program, of which $5,335,500 1s from the Salaries and
HW-18
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Expenses appropriation and $12,605,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Activities in 1987 include performance evaluations for alternatives
to land disposal of wastes, dioxin mobility assessment techniques for soils, major
land disposal issues, performance evaluation for thermal destruction systems, and
evaluation of existing in-tank leak detection technologies for USTs.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $191,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprograirimlngs. (+$191,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity whi enwere not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $6,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of $197,800 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $19,654,900 supported by 94.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,901,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $14,753,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1986 program produced performance evaluations of several alternative treatment
processes, technical resource documents and waste minimization case studies, studies
of dioxin destruction by chemical reagents, a report on prediction and mitigation
of subsidence damage to covers, incinerator performance data, a manual on the
prevention of spills, and a report on leak detection for underground storage tanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total-of $8,860,400 supported by 53.5 total workyears" for
this program, of which $3,234,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,626,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $93,900 and a decrease of $496,800, respectively, and no change
in total workyears. The decrease in Research and Development reflects a reduced need
for studies of dioxin transport and fate to support the National Dioxin Strategy,
and the completion of a major research effort on land treatment of hazardous wastes.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures forConducting Risk Assessments. Addi-
tional studieswill ₯e conducted in supportofthe multi-media site assessment
models for waste migration, quantitative structure-activity modeling and groundwater
modeling for predicting waste concentration. Hazardous waste processes in wetlands
will be studied. Research will be expanded on complex mixtures to permit better
characterization of the environmental toxicity of wastes for use in listing,
delisting, banning and permitting activities.
Conduct the Assessment and ControlResearchNecessarytj^ Address Dioxin. The
bioavail ability of dioxlns to fish from contaminated waters^arid sediments, plant
uptake of dioxlns, and dioxin mobility and degradation in soils will be studied.
DevelopProcedures to Prevent andContain Hazardous Releases. Research sup-
porting the underground storage tank regulatory program wi 11 be conducted. Ap-
proaches for corrective action including hydrogeological techniques for mobilizing
immiscible wastes and techniques for in situ treatment will be developed. Further
improvement of the bioassessment protocof will occur to enable its use in testing
to determine the bioavail ability and toxicity of spill samples.
HW-19
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,263,300 supported by 53.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,140,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,122,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. In 1987 the program includes development of multimedia assessment
models for predicting the potential for waste migration from land disposal sites
to the air, soil and groundwater. A user's guide for making land treatment deci-
sions will be produced. Groundwater fate and transport models will be developed.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
The net decrease of $89,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramniings. (-$89,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $4,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and a net decrease of $85,100 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $9,269,600 supported by 54.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,127,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,142,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1986 the program completed studies on the behavior of alkylbenzenes and
halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater; developed an j_n_ vivo model to
monitor toxic effects in trout; developed a metal speciation model to predict
mobility of metals; and, pursued the validation of models for land banning.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1988.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,500,000 supported by no work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The Agency is currently working with Tufts University on development of
a comprehensive research program to address a wide variety of research as well as
public policy issues. This research program is intended to address such Issues as
alternative technologies application, common public perceptions associated with
disposal facilities and development of programs for public education.
1987 Explanation of Changes front the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,392,500 for this program from
the Research and Development appropriation. These resources were used to initiate
approximately fifteen new multidisciplinary research projects on hazardous waste
management. Studies were on new detection systems, clean-up technology and health
effects.
HW-20
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-22
Regulations, guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste. HW-26
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air 8 Radiation HW-28
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water. HW-29
Regulations, Guidelines X Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HW-31
Fi nanci al Assi stance. HW-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States........ HW-34
Hazardous Waste Management Initiative Grants HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants.., HH-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation..... HW-38
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-40
HW-21
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Haste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
PR06RAN
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Regulations, Guidelines
S Policies-Hazardous
Waste
Salaries S Expenses $15,151.9 $18,791.1 $15,270.8 $15,206.7 $14,845.2 -$361.5
Abatement Control and $51,795.5 $56,691.0 $39,991.0 $40,031.0 $37,791.0 -$2,240.0
Compliance
TOTAL $66,947.4 $75,482.1 $55,261.8 $55,237.7 $52,636.2 -$2,601.5
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of A1r and
Radiation
Salaries S Expenses $419.8 $575.7 $575.7 $575.7 $590.4 $14.7
Abatement Control and $3,067.4 $3,265".U $3,265.0 $3,265.0 $3,265.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,487.2 $3,840.7 $3,840.7 $3,840.7 $3,855.4 $14.7
ftCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Water
Salaries & Expenses $511.8 $2,633.8 $2,478.9 $2,478.9 $2,504.8 $25.9
Abatement Control and $5,373.5 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $5,325.0 -$675.0
Compliance
TOTAL $5,885.3 $8,633.8 $8,478.9 $8,478.9 $7,829.8 -$649.1
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
Salaries S Expenses $2,526.6 $2,526.6 $3,363.2 $836.6
Abatement Control and $10,000.0 $10,000.0 $5,200.0 -$4,800.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,526.6 $12,526.6 $8,563.2 -$3,963.4
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,083.5 $22,000.6 $20,852.0 $20,787.9 $21,303.6 $515.7
Abatement Control and $60,236.4 $65,956.0 $59,256.0 $59,296.0 $51,581.0 -$7,715.0
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $76,319.9 $87,956.6 $80,108.0 $80,083.9 $72,884.6 -$7,199.3
Regulations,
Guidelines 8 Policies
PERMANENT HQRKYEARS ,-
w Regulations, Guidelines 286.7 279.2 221.6 221.6 233.1 11.5
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program 8.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
- Office of Air and
Radiation
RCRA Regulatory Program 10.2 60.0 59.7 59.7 62.9 3.2
- Office of Hater
Regulations, Guidelines 44.9 44.9 68.0 23.1
and Policies - UST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 305.4 352.2" 339.2 339.2 377.0 37.8
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE ^988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 304.0 313.5 246.5 246,5 233.1 -13.4
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program 8.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
- Office of Air and
Radiation
1 RCRA Regulatory Program 11.2 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.9
^ - Office of Water
Regulations, Guidelines 48.0 48.0 68.0 20.0
and Policies - UST
TOTAL WORKYEARS 323.7 389.4 370.4 370.4 377.0 6.6
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,884,600 supported by 377 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $7,199,300 and an increase of 6.6 total workyears over
1987. Of the request, $21,303,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $51,581,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation, an increase of $515,700 and an decrease of $7,715,000 respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivlty are:
Regulatlpns, Sui del 1nes, and Policies - Hazardous Waste This Head-
quarters program providesnational direction for the Hazardous Waste Management
program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Including the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. Activities include promul-
gating and refining regulations for the identification, tracking, management, and
disposal of hazardous wastes; providing national oversight and guidance for imple-
menting consistent State and Regional hazardous waste permitting programs; con-
ducting technical studies, regulatory impact analyses, and economic analyses; and
assessing control options and technologies necessary for regulatory decision-
making.
RCRA.__ Regulatory Program - Office gf^ Air and Radiation This program
provides support for the development of air emission standards required by HSWA for
area sources at hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF).
This program assesses the nature and quantities of emissions at TSDFs, develops
emission modeling and testing methods, assesses public health risks, and evaluates
emission control techniques from which cost-effective regulations and standards can
be developed.
RCRARegulatory Program - Office of Water -- This program provides support
for implementation of HSWA requirements which impact Water Quality and Drinking
Water programs. The Office of Water has lead responsibility for review of disposal
of hazardous waste into injection wells; a study, regulation revisions, and cor-
rective action requirements to address hazardous wastes in publicly owned treatment
works; a study of the impact on ground water from wastewater treatment lagoons;
and rules and waivers for retrofitting surface impoundments.
Regulations, SuidelInes, and Polli cies - Underground Storage Tanks (USTj
This program has responsibility for implementingISjbtitle I of^the"Hazardous and
Solid Haste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The objec-
tive of the Subtitle I* program is to control and prevent leakage from new and
existing underground storage tanks through developing and Implementing a compre-
hensive regulatory program. Activities Include promulgating regulations and
corrective action standards; developing compliance and enforcement strategies;
issuing policy and technical guidance; providing technical and administrative
support to the States in the development of State UST programs; and establishing a
vigorous enforcement program.
HW-25
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REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES AND POLICIES HAZARDOUS WASTE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $52,636,200 supported by 233.1 total workyears
for ttils program, of which $14,845,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $37,791,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents decreases of $361,500 and $2,240,000 respectively, and
a decrease of 13.4 total workyears. These decreases reflect the completion of
regulations and proposals in 1987.
Additional regulations will be developed to support the banning of waste from
the land unless the waste is pretreated according to established Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) standards. The Agency will develop corrective action
regulations and guidance to address such areas as trigger levels and target levels
for cleanup, facility versus ynit approaches, and permitting versus enforcement
mechanisms. Corrective action regulations will be compatible with the expanded
Superfund authorities. Subtitle D criteria will be promulgated and the Agency will
undertake an evaluation of industrial Subtitle 0 facilities. Standards will be
revised or developed for hazardous waste facility siting and used oil. Standards
will be revised or developed for location acceptability, facilities that burn waste
as fuel, hazardous waste facilities, and municipal waste combustors to address
adequately such areas as products of incomplete combustion, metals emissions,
dioxln emissions and other particulates. Major work will continue on RCRA section
8002 large volume wastes, including development of tailored standards for mining
waste under Subtitle D, and determinations of whether to regulate oil and gas
production wastes and utility wastes. The Agency will undertake mid-course cor-
rections for earlier regulations that have been difficult to implement effectively.
Improvements in permit regulations will be made for permit modifications, mobile
treatment, expansions of facilities under interim status, and Subpart Y experimental
facilities.
The Agency will lay the foundation for a decision-making framework based on a
combination of risk-analysis and technology standards that also creates incentives
for the regulated community to manage wastes properly. Listings will be redefined
based on concentration levels either to bring significant wastes Into the regula-
tory system more quickly or remove waste streams with environmentally insignifi-
cant amounts of hazardous waste from the system. Emphasis will be placed on
applying risk-based approaches to the tank rules, permitting, alternate concentra-
tion limits (ACLs), and technology transfer. The Agency will examine the use of
environmental auditing and risk-based insurance schemes to move industry into
incentive-based management control systems.
Critical activities subsequent to promulgation of a regulation will Include
guidance development, training, technical assistance, and communication outreach
to the public. The Agency will develop guidance for Subtitle 0» land disposal
restrictions, closures, remedial investigations and corrective measures. Permit
Assistance Teams will provide technical assistance and training on ground water
monitoring, hydrogeological investigations, land disposal restrictions, corrective
action, permit modifications, and test burns. Headquarters will work with the
Regions on processing State HSMA authorization' packages. The combustion program
will Increase in Importance to support implementation of the land disposal re-
strictions, to meet the November 1989 Incineration facility permitting deadline,
and to address problems associated with municipal waste combustion.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $51,237,700 supported by 246.5
total workyears for this program, of which $15,206,700 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $40,031,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance appropriation.
HW-26
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The Agency 1s continuing to develop and implement HSWA and pre-HSWA rules.
Restrictions on the land disposal of hazardous waste are a high priority, and
include the proposed restrictions for the First Third of listed wastes, the
California List proposal and promulgation, and the Solvent and Dioxins promulga-
tion. The Agency is developing the Subpart X rule, as well as waste-as-fuel tech-
nical standards, a liner/leak detection rule, regulations on the placement of
containerized liquids in landfills, and revisions of the Subtitle D criteria.
Additional post-closure and corrective action rules and the financial responsi-
bility for corrective action rule are being finalized. Work continues on the
HSWA-mandated additions to characteristic wastes, specifically on the development
of the toxlcity characteristic leaching procedure and the solvency characteristic.
The Agency is proposing regulations for prioritizing corrective action at Federal
facilities and for revisions to incineration standards. The Agency is producing
reports to Congress on utility wastes, oil and gas production wastes, dioxin emis-
sions and extending landfill life.
The Agency is preparing guidance and other followup necessary for Implemen-
tation of regulations and decisions. The Agency 1s conducting workshops for permit
writers to expedite the permitting process. Permit Assistance Teams are supporting
the Regions in their permit processing efforts, and are conducting public involve-
ment sessions. The Agency 1s preparing guidance on corrective action requirements
for releases from permitted hazardous waste management facilities and on land
treatment units and surface impoundment closures.
The Agency is processing applications for variances as well as producing guid-
ance on reviewing and preparing variance petitions. The Agency is updating guidance
on minimum technology requirements and on final covers for landfills. The Agency
is developing guidance on alternate concentration limits (ACLs), Including case
studies on ACL use.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $24,100 results from the following actions:
Reprogramminn9_s. (-$24,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $64,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of $40,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
1986Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $66,947,400 supported by 304.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $15,151,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $51,795,500 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. (Within these levels, the Agency obligated $4,851,600 supported by
15.1 total workyears for UST Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies, and $8,364,800
supported by 48.8 total workyears for Hazardous Waste Enforcement Guidelines.)
The Agency continued to develop regulations in accordance with the schedule
mandated by HSWA. The land disposal restrictions schedule was finalized and the
solvents and dioxlns rule was proposed. The Subpart X regulations were proposed,
as were the regulations on financial assurance for corrective action. The Agency
developed regulations for small quantity generators of hazardous waste, waste
exports, hazardous waste tanks, and waste-as-fuel administrative standards. The
Agency made regulatory determinations on mining waste and recycled used oil. The
Agency prepared reports to Congress on mining waste and small quantity generators.
HW-27
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The Agency developed guidances on surface impoundment retrofitting; research,
development, and demonstration permits; bulk liquids and non-hazardous liquids in
hazardous waste landfills; RCRA facility assessments; criteria for identifying
cases of vulnerable hydrogeology; and the regulation of recycled hazardous wastes.
The Agency also updated a guidance on the management of infectious waste.
The Agency sent Permit Assistance Teams to the Regions to assist in permit
processing. The Agency continued efforts to authorize States' RCRA programs, and
to expedite review of application packages for State HSWA authorization.
RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1988 Propram Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,855,400 supported by 13.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $590,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $3,265,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $14,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and total
workyears. The increase will provide additional funds for personnel and support
costs.
In 1988 the program will continue to support the proposal of regulations for
area source types of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs). This will include an assessment of the nature and quantities of emissions
for TSDFs, development of emission modeling and testing methods, assessment of
public health risks, evaluation of emission control techniques, and economic
analyses. During 1988, as a result of these efforts, the Agency expects to propose
regulations for seven types of area sources; landfills, surface impoundments,
land treatment, containers, waste piles, storage tanks, and transfer operations.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,840,700 supported by 13.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $575,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,265,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, efforts are continuing on the development of air emission regulations
for TSDF area sources. Work in process includes the development of the required
information and data, as well as technical and economic analyses, for the
regulation of these sources.
1987 Expjajiation of Changes from the Enacte£ tevel
" There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,487,200 supported by 8.5 total
workyears for this program, of which, $419,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,067,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The contract resources were used to continue standards development
work for TSDF sources.
In 1986, efforts continued on the development of air emission regulations for
TSDF area sources.
HM-28
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RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF HATER
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,829,800 supported by 62.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,604,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $5,325,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $25,900 and decrease of $675,000, respectively, and
no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased operating costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance reflects completion of studies for regulating or banning injection of 21
waste streams.
During 1988, EPA will promulgate changes due to the domestic sewage study to
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and general pretreat-
ment regulations to improve controls on toxic pollutants, hazardous waste, and
hazardous constituents, issue guidance on implementation and enforcement of the
changes and on the development, implementation, and enforcement of local limits
for hazardous pollutants. EPA and States will begin to implement changes to the
general and specific prohibition of the pretreatment regulations, expansion of
categorical pretreatment standards, and new local limits for toxic pollutants and
hazardous constituents. EPA and States will begin to implement hazardous waste
notification requirements and RCRA permit-by-rule requirements which apply to
publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). EPA will continue to review and make
determinations of double liner exemption applications as well as address facilities
requiring double liners through permit modifications.
EPA and States will continue to implement the corrective action requirement
for POTWs that accept hazardous waste. EPA and States will collect and analyze
data submitted by POTWs, and undertake or oversee necessary preliminary assessments,
visual site inspections and sampling visits, and implement remedial investigations,
and corrective measures. Assurances of financial responsibility will be required
for completing corrective action. EPA and States will Issue rider permits to
implement appropriate requirements for the corrective action process.
EPA will promulgate amendments to the underground Injection control (UIC)
regulations for Injection of hazardous wastes into Class I UIC wells and regulations
implementing the land ban provisions. In implementing these regulations, the Agency
will review petitions and any necessary UIC permit modifications required. In
addition, the Agency will evaluate State applications seeking authority to implement
these regulations.
Guidance for corrective action for Class I UIC wells to comply with Section
3004(u) of RCRA will be issued. If the EPA and State preliminary assessment/site
Investigation determines that no further investigation is needed, a permit will be
issued. Otherwise, a site Investigation and further remedial Investigation are
required. Compliance with permit conditions will be monitored to ensure that
facilities which were put on schedules for corrective action are complying with the
corrective action requirements.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,478,900, supported by 62.9
total workyears for this program, of which $2,478,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,000,000 1s from the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation.
Emphasis is being placed on implementing RCRA permit-by-rule requests for
POTWs that receive hazardous waste, especially the corrective action requirement.
EPA is screening POTWs to identify those which receive hazardous waste by dedicated
HW-29
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pipe OP which receive manifested hazardous waste by truck or rail, and to establish
RCRA permit-by-rule requirements for POTWs. EPA is overseeing the early stages of
corrective action, modifying permits and monitoring compliance with corrective
action requirements.
EPA is developing guidance on NPDES permits non-compliance due to double liner
requirements. EPA is also developing procedural guidance for Regions and authorized
States for identifying POTWs subject to RCRA permit-by-rule and for establishing
the requirements of the RCRA permit-by-rule, Including corrective action require-
ments. EPA is developing guidance for implementation of the first stage of the
corrective action process and RCRA permit-by-rule requirements.
In 1987, EPA is screening and evaluating double liner exemption applications
to determine if the facility is engaged in "aggressive biological treatment" and
"in compliance" with its permit. EPA will modify NPOES permits where applications
are denied, or where facilities are required to doubleline existing surface im-
poundments.
The Agency is developing draft regulations and draft amendments to existing
UIC regulations to implement Section 3004(f)(g) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA). The draft regulations provide the framework for considering
petitions submitted by operators seeking to make a demonstration of "no migration",
as well as upgrade the technical requirements In existing UIC regulations applicable
to hazardous waste injection wells. EPA is continuing studies necessary to support
regulatory development and program implementation.
Guidance for corrective action for Class I UIC wells is being incorporated in
existing documents and assistance is being provided on compliance/enforcement of
corrective action and interim status requirements, and on implementation of correc-
tive action requirements. Class I wells subject to corrective action are being
identified. .
, »
1987 Explanation Of Changes From The Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,885,300, supported by 11.2 total
workyears, of which $511,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$5,373,500 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
During 1986, EPA submitted to Congress the Domestic Sewage Study required
under Section 3018(a) and began regulatory planning to control hazardous waste
problems identified in the report, including publication of an Advance Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking describing a range of possible actions EPA may take to implement
the recommendations of the domestic sewage study. Three public hearings were held
on the advance notice, and a large number of comments were recorded. EPA developed
policy and technical guidance to implement the double liner exemption provisions
and the new corrective action provisions for POTWs.
The Agency established a regulatory negotiations committee involving represen-
tatives from the public, environmental groups, industry, and States for the purpose
of negotiating a program to implement Section 3004(f)(g) of HSWA.
The Agency initiated most of the preregulatory planning technical studies in
1986 for the rule to restrict hazardous waste from Class I UIC wells. The studies
are covering the engineering factors, the hydrogeologic and geochemical consider-
ations and assessment of the risks associated with the injection of hazardous
wastes.
HW-30
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REGULATION GUIDELINES AND POLICIES UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $8,563,200 supported by 68.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,363,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $836,600 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
a decrease of $4,800,000 In the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion, and an increase of 20.0 total workyears. The workyear increases provide
Regional resources to implement an effective State assistance program and a visible
and effective enforcement program. The decrease reflects the completion of the
data collection for economic and program analyses needed for regulatory develop-
ment. ;
The Agency will issue final regulations for new and existing underground
storage tanks which contain petroleum products and hazardous substances. This
regulatory program will encompass standards for new and existing tanks, including
corrosion protection and leak detection; requirements for reporting releases;
financial responsibility assurances; and corrective action standards. The Agency
will also issue its compliance and enforcement strategies for the new regulatory
program. The completed rulemaklng will require Implementation activities Including
policy and technical guidances, technical assistance to State programs, training,
public guidance documents, and interpretations of rules.
The Agency will assist in the development of State UST programs and will review
and approve State program applications, while providing necessary technical support
to the States for their program development and implementation efforts. The Regions
will negotiate and administer grants and will oversee and evaluate State programs.
The Regions will conduct inspections and issue enforcement actions against vio-
lators of the Interim Prohibition which forbids the installation of bare steel
tanks. The Agency will provide technical assistance to States as the States pro-
cess notifications and initiate compliance Inspections and enforcement actions
to enforce requirements equivalent to the Interim Prohibition and the regulatory,
program.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,526,600 supported by 48.0
total workyears for this program, of which $2,526,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation.
The Agency is developing and will be proposing standards for new and existing
underground storage tanks* Policy and guidance are being developed on the process
and requirements for States to apply for authorization of the regulatory program.
Integration of the regulatory program will be studied and undertaken with the
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund. The Regions are negotiating and
overseeing State UST grants and providing technical assistance and guidance for
notification and enforcement. They are also assisting States with UST program
development efforts and the program application process, and, in some cases, are
starting to review applications for State authorization. The program is conducting
inspections and initiating enforcement actions under the Interim Prohibition.
198? Explanation of Changes from the. Enacted- Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 198? Budget.
Wf-31
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the obligations for this program are included in the obligations for
Hazardous Waste Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies; Hazardous Waste Management
Regulatory Strategies Implementation; and Hazardous Waste Enforcement. For UST
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies, the Agency obligated a total of $6,272,800
supported by 32.6 total workyears, of which $1,455,300 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,817,500 was for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency emphasized the participation of States in the program, in particu-
lar, the notification process for new and existing tanks and the development of the
regulatory program, the Regions provided technical and administrative support to
the States in the development and implementation of the UST program. The Regions
negotiated and conducted oversight of State UST grants and provided technical
assistance and guidance for the notification efforts. The Agency also assisted
States with UST program development efforts and the program application process.
HW-32
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HAZARDOUS HASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE . 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $55,756.4 $63,000.0 $66,000.0 $66,000.0 $66,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $55,756.4 $63,000.0 $66,000.0 $66,000.0 $66,000.0
Hazardous Haste
Management Initiative
Grants
Abatement Control and $3,533.8
Compliance
TOTAL $3,533.8
Underground Storage «
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $6,529.5 $10,000.0 $6,700.0 $6,700.0 $6,700.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,529.5 $1U,000.0 $6,700.0 $6,700.0 $6,700.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $65,819.7 $73,000.0 $72,700.0 $72,700.0 $72,700.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $65,819.7 $73,000.0 $72,700.0 $72,700.0 $72,700.0
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,700,000 for this program under the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. This is the same resource level provided
in 1987.
Progr am Qescrlpt1ion
The three program areas under this subactivity are;
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States This program pro-
vides financialassistancetoStatesfor the development, Implementation, and
enforcement of comprehensive hazardous waste management programs that meet the
requirements of Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
States are required to provide a 25 percent match to these funds. Objectives of
the grant program are to provide incentives to the States to 1) develop and
administer State hazardous waste management programs controlling the generation,
transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes; 2) develop
environmentally sound permits for as many priority hazardous waste management
facilities as possible; and 3) enforce hazardous waste management program regula-
tions to protect human health and the environment.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 have greatly expanded
the Hazardous Waste Management program in the States. HSWA has increased the num-
ber and complexity of requirements that States must meet to achieve equivalence
with the Federal Hazardous Waste Management program. HSWA strengthened requirements
for corrective-action, broadened restrictions on the land disposal of hazardous
waste, and set deadlines for the issuance of RCRA permits.
Hazardous Was^teInitiatiye Grants This program provides financial assis-
tance^t'p foster State and 1 deal Razardous waste management efforts focused on
innovative waste management activities, such as waste reduction, waste exchange,
siting, use of alternatives to land disposal, and assistance to small quantity
generators.
Underground Storage^Jank^Grants This program supports development and 1m-
plamentation of State UridergrWndStorage Tank (UST) programs. States will develop
regulatory standards no less stringent than Federal standards for underground
storage, release detection, prevention, and corrective action programs. States
will also develop the necessary enforcement authorities to ensure compliance with
those standards.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This request repre-
sents no change from the 1987 level.
The Age'ncy will continue to provide financial .assistance to the States to
develop legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal Hazard-
ous Waste Management program. The States will participate in implementing the
requirements of HSWA for which they are not yet authorized, particularly corrective
act i on.
HW-34
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The States will place high priority on processing permit applications for land
disposal facilities, commercial incinerators and facilities seeking to expand treat-
ment and incineration capacity. The States will work aggressively toward meeting the
November 1988 deadline for issuing permits to operating land disposal facilities.
Permits will be drafted to ensure that land disposal facilities are in compliance
with ground water monitoring regulations, that ground water contamination is charac-
terized, and that corrective action plans are developed. In addition, the States will
place a high priority on processing applications for incinerator operating permits
to meet the November 1989 deadline. The States will continue to process closure
plans to ensure environmental protection at closed/closing facilities.
The States, in conjunction with the Regions, will continue to focus on im-
proving compliance with the regulatory requirements for generators, transporters,
and facilities. States will perform an estimated 12,650 compliance monitoring
inspections. Emphasis at permitted land disposal facilities will be on ensuring
compliance with the terms and schedules in the permit. Land disposal facili-
ties will be inspected annually; storage and treatment facilities will be Inspect-
ed at least biennially, as required by statute. Inspections of generators and
transporters will be emphasized to ensure that proper certifications for land
ban compliance and manifesting of hazardous waste are occurring as land disposal
of hazardous waste becomes more restrictive and costly. Inspections and compliance
activities related to corrective action will be emphasized. Inspection of handlers
of hazardous waste fuels will be conducted.
State enforcement programs will continue to emphasize timely and appropriate
enforcement actions. In response to significant violations, States will Issue
administrative enforcement actions, including warning letters and administrative
orders, with civil penalties as appropriate. States will pursue appropriate civil
and criminal judicial actions. The States will have major involvement in corrective
action measures to identify and Investigate releases.
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $66,000;000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The States are continuing to develop legislation and regulations to achieve
equivalence with the Federal Hazardous Waste Management program. A significant
number of States are submitting applications for authorization for the various
provisions of HSWA as they become effective. The States and Regions are jointly
processing permits for those HSWA provisions for which States are not authorized,
particularly corrective action.
The States are placing a high priority on processing permit applications for
land disposal and Incineration facilities. In addition, the States, in conjunction
with the Regions, have developed and are implementing facility management plans for
land disposal facilities and other facilities of environmental significance.
Finally, both the States and Regions are reviewing a large number of closure plans
in 1987. ,
The States are concentrating their compliance monitoring and enforcement
efforts on strengthening the enforcement presence in the regulated community. All
land disposal facilities, whether operating or closed, will be Inspected. In
addition, storage and treatment facilities will be inspected biennially. The
States will ensure that timely and adequate closure plans are received. Corrective
action activities, begun in 1986, will be expanded. New efforts to Inspect for
compliance with land bans will begin.
HW-35
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompl j s hment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $55,756,400, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These grant funds supported
the development and authorization of State hazardous waste management programs,
implementation of authorized programs, and the implementation of the Federal pro-
gram in unauthorized States through Cooperative Arrangements* By the end of 1986,
one State achieved HSWA authorization and 41 States achieved full pre-HSWA authori-
zation. In addition. States continued to develop legislation and regulations
consistent with HSWA provisions. The States and Regions completed 450 final deter-
minations on permit applications. States concentrated their inspections and
enforcement efforts on strengthening the compliance monitoring presence in the
regulated community. The States conducted 10,670 compliance inspections. State
compliance monitoring activities focused on ground water monitoring, closure and
financial assurance requirements, and proper disposal, storage, labeling, and
manifesting of hazardous waste. Where violations were detected. States initiated
enforcement actions to bring the facility or handler into compliance.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program. Resources to support activities
under this program are provided under the Hazardous Waste Management Financial
Assistance to States program.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating no funds for this program. Resources to
support activities under this program are provided under the Hazardous Uaste
Management Financial Assistance to States program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the EnactedLevel
In 1987, no funds were requested or appropriated for this program.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,533,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These
funds were awarded to State and local agencies to develop or implement innova-
tive hazardous waste management efforts, such as waste reduction, and for accelera-
ting, permit issuance to new or expanding hazardous waste management facilities which
can provide alternatives to land disposal.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK STATE GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,700,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from the 1987 level.
HW-36
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The Agency will provide resources to States to continue the development
implementation of State programs. A significant number of States win develop
regulatory standards no less stringent than Federal requirements, including tank
standards, release detection and reporting, financial responsibility, and correc-
tive action standards. Enforcement guidances and implementation strategies for
the new regulations will be developed and initial enforcement activities will
begin under the new regulations. States will begin to apply for Agency approval
of their programs and will develop multi-year funding strategies to provide State
funding mechanisms.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,700,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. UST grant
funds are being used to develop and implement State UST programs. States are
developing legislative authorities.' and proposed regulatory standards no less
stringent than proposed Federal standards, and are continuing to process UST
notifications. Enforcement efforts focus on the development of compliance and
enforcement programs and in some cases the enforcement of existing State programs
equivalent to Interim Prohibition requirements. States are also developing multi-
year funding strategies to provide State funding mechanisms,
1987 ExplanationjafChanges from the Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,529,500 for the program, all of
which was from the -Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These funds
were awarded to States to develop State UST programs. A major activity was the
receipt and processing or UST notifications, Including the development of a data
management and analysis system for these notifications. States also explored and
began developing multi-year resource strategies to provide State funding mechan-
isms.
HW-37
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategi es
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $16,329.1 $14,757.4 $15,041.7 $15,020.4 $14,961.0 -$59.4
Abatement Control and $3,853.6 $3,486.0 $3,486.0 $3,486.0 $5,479.8 $1,993.8
Compliance
TOTAL $20,182.7 $18,243.4 $18,527.7 $18,506.4 $20,440.8 $1,934.4
w TOTAL:
00 Salaries 8 Expenses $16,329.1 $14,757.4 $15,041.7 $15,020.4 $14,961.0 -$59.4
Abatement Control and $3,853.6 $3,486.0 $3,486.0 $3,486.0 $5,479.8 $1,993.8
Compliance
Haste Management TOTAL $20,182.7 $18,243.4 $18,527.7 $18,506.4 $20,440.8 $1,934.4
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Maste 409.2 348.0 357.6 357.6 382.9 25.3
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 409.2 348.0 357.6 357.6 382.9 25.3
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TOTAL HORKVIARS
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL HORKYEARS
453.8
453.8
404.7
404,7
401.7
401.7
401.7
401.7
382.9
382.9
-18.8
-18.8
i
to
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,440,800 supported by 382.9 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $1,934,400 and a decrease of 18.8 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $14,961,000 Kill be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$5,479,800 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $59,400 and increase of $1,993,800, respectively.
Prog ram,Desc r1pti on
HazardousWasteManagementRegulatory Strategies Implementation -- This pro-
gram supportsRegionalimplementationof the Hazardous WasteManagement program
mandated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), including the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. The Regions assist the States
in developing hazardous waste management programs equivalent to the Federal program
by providing guidance and technical assistance for developing program capabilities
and authorization applications, and by jointly processing permit applications until
the States are authorized for HSWA. In addition, the Regions oversee State programs
to ensure that implementation of RCRA is carried out in a nationally consistent
manner and that minimum RCRA standards are followed. This program also supports
Regional activities to implement the Hazardous Waste Management program directly in
States that are not authorized.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION .
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,440,800 supported by 382.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $14,961,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,479,800 w1l1.be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $59,400 and an increase of $1,993,800,
respectively, and a decrease of 18.8 total workyears. The Abatement, Control, and
Compliance increase will support States in developing programs to implement mining
waste standards. The reductions reflect the issuance of permits during 1987, as
well as the completion of work in reviewing and processing other permit applica-
tions.
The Regions and States will be aggressively working toward meeting the November
1988 deadline for Issuing land disposal permits to operating facilities. Permit
applications will be reviewed to ensure that land disposal facilities are in compli-
ance with groundwater monitoring requirements and that any releases are character-
ized and plans for corrective action are included in each facility's permit.
Another permitting priority for the Regions and States will be processing applica-
tions for incineration facilities to meet the November 1989 deadline. EPA and the
States will process permit modifications, particularly applications which will
result in new storage or treatment capacity or processes which minimize a facility's
waste or improve human health and the environment. Other important permitting
activities will include the processing of research, development, and demonstration
(RD&D) permits to promote the development of safe alternatives to land disposal;
requesting permit applications from industrial boilers and furnaces that burn
hazardous waste derived fuel; and incorporating land ban regulations into permits.
HW-40
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The Regions and States will also work together to process closure plans
and request post-closure permit applications from environmentally significant
closing land disposal facilities. Public involvement in permitting and closure
processes will be encouraged through public education and outreach activities.
An important activity of the Regions will be to provide adequate oversight of
State permitting activities. Regions will review State permit actions to ensure
technical adequacy, enforceability, and national consistency as well as to provide
State permit writers with technical assistance. The Agency will provide specific
guidance during the review of more complex regulatory requirements such as corrective
action and closure and post-closure plans. In addition, the Regions will implement
the Agency's national oversight policy through evaluation of State performance,
including program reviews, file audits, and analysis of routine reports.
Regions will continue to support the development and upgrading of State legis-
lation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal Hazardous Waste
Management program. The Regions will also provide assistance to the States as they
develop effective mining waste programs by adoption and impl-ementatton of Federal
mining waste standards.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,506,400 supported by 401.7
total workyears for this program, of which $15,020,400 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $3,486,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The Regions are supporting the States in the development of hazardous waste
management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With most States authorized
for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency is performing more oversight and technical
support. In addition, the Regions are providing technical assistance to the States
as they develop legislation and regulations consistent with the provisions of HSWA.
The Regions and States are jointly processing those permit applications with
HSWA provisions for States not yet authorized. A high priority for the EPA and
the States continues to be processing land disposal permit applications by the
November 1988 deadline. Closure plans are being reviewed, and facility management
plans for incinerators and other facilities of environmental significance are
being developed. In addition, the Regions continue to review exposure assessment
information for landfills and surface impoundments. Finally, the Regions are
overseeing State permit actions on facilities to ensure national consistency,
providing technical assistance to State permit writers, and conducting State
program reviews.
1987Explanationof Changes fromthe Enacted Level
The net decrease of $21,300 results from the following action:
Reprogramming. (-$21,300) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $21,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishment
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $20,182,700 supported by 453.8 work-
years of which $16,329,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,853,600 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. (These
obligations include $293,800 supported by 8.2 workyears for UST guidelines, which
have since become a separate program).
HW-41
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The Regions focused on assisting States to achieve authorization to implement
a hazardous waste management program equivalent to the Federal program. By the
end of 1986, 41 States had achieved full authorization for the pre-HSWA program
and 1 State had'achieved HSWA authorization. Additionally, with Regional assis-
tance, the States began to develop legislation and regulations consistent with the
provisions of HSWA. The Regions and States made 450 final determinations on permit
applications. In addition, the Regions developed a facility management plan for
each land disposal facility and continued to develop plans for other environmen-
tally significant facilities.
HW-42
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY "
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS HASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement.. HW-44
HW-43
-------
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIHATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
198? 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $12,329.0 $15,211.2 $17,369.2 $17,369.2 $18,617.8 $1,248.6
Abatement Control and $8,802.0 $11,250.0 $18,895.0 $18,895.0 $19,495.0 $600.0
Compliance
TOTAL $21,131.0 $26,461.2 $36,264.2 $36,264.2 $38,112.8 $1,848.6
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses $12,329.0 $15,211.2 $17,369.2 $17,369.2 $18,617.8 $1,248.6
Abatement Control and $8,802.0 $11,250.'0 $18,895.0 $18,895.0 $19,495.0 $600.0
Compliance
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $21,131.0 $26,461.2 $36,264.2 $36,264.2 $38,112.8 $1,848.6
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 322.7 392.0 ' 427.3 427.3 ' 492.0 64.7
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 322.7 392.0 427.3 427.3 492.0 64.7
-------
I
*»
tn
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Haste Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE *
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
TOTAL HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Haste
Enforcement
TOTAL HORKYEARS
350.1
350,1
425.2
472.2 472.2 492.0 19.8
425.2 472.2 472.2 492.0
19.8
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget^Rgguest;
The Agency requests a total of $38,112,800 supported by 492.0 total workyears
for 1988, in increase of $1,848,600 and 19.8 total workyears. Of the request,
$18,617,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $19,495,000
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, increases of
$1,248,600 and $600,000, respectively,
Program Descripti on
Hazardous Haste Enforceinent This program serves to ensure national com-
pliance withthe ResourceConservation and Recovery Act {RCRA) including the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. The principal objectives are:
(1) to inspect and evaluate hazardous waste generator, transporter, and facility
compliance with the statutory and regulatory requirements of RCRA; (2) to take
appropriate administrative, civil, and criminal enforcement actions, including
activities for corrective action; and (3) to assist and evaluate program implemen-
tation in the States and to provide national guidance, technical support, and direc-
tion to accomplish these activities. The Regional program oversees implementation
of RCRA in those States which are authorized. This oversight includes periodic
review of States' monitoring and enforcement activities and taking appropriate
enforcement actions when States do not act,
HAZARDOUS HASTE ENFORCEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,112,800 supported .by 492.0 total workyears,
of which $18,617,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$19,49S,QOQ will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents increases of $1,248,600 and $600,000, respectively, and an increase of
19.8 total workyears. The increases support the additional workload associated with
corrective action activities and enforcement guidances necessary to support the
regulatory framework resulting from HSMA.
This program will develop enforcement policies, guidances, and strategies for
monitoring and promoting compliance with the requirements of the RCRA program
and will provide national guidance, oversight, and training to the Regions and
States for Implementing RCRA. Major activities will Include developing guidance
and policy for waste oil management, land ban regulations, and RCRA Section 3008(h)
orders. Enforcement strategies will be developed to target violations In these
areas. Operational guidelines will be developed and disseminated on ground water
system maintenance and various analytical methods. Areas to be focused on in
technical support and training Include: technical and legal precedents for cor-
rective action; support for litigation, particularly against Federal facilities;
and the land ban restrictions. A review of Regional enforcement actions will be
conducted by Headquarters.
The Agency will perform thorough inspections at all Federal, State, and
local government owned or operated treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDF). The Agency will conduct inspections at commercial facilities to ensure
that these facilities are in compliance and, therefore, can accept Superfund
wastes* The Regions will conduct inspections and technical evaluations of
HW-41
-------
compliance in non-participating States and will enforce the HSWA provisions in
unauthorized States. The Agency will provide technical support and oversight for
Inspections performed by the States, Increased emphasis will be placed on the
Inspection of generators and transporters to prevent evasion of the new land ban
regulations. Ensuring compliance with ground water monitoring and closure require-
ments will remain a priority.
Enforcement resources will be provided to support compliance monitoring at
permitted facilities. Regions will support enforcement action in response to
violations occurring during the permit, closure, or post-closure process. In-
creased support for civil referrals and criminal investigations will be pro-
vided to address chronic violators. Compliance with previously issued orders
will be closely monitored.
As the Agency continues its efforts to meet the permitting deadlines, the
program will implement the HSWA provisions requiring corrective action for prior
releases. All land disposal facilities seeking permits will have a facility as-
sessment completed. The Agency will work with the owner/operator to identi-
fy and characterize any releases at solid waste management units. As appropriate,
the Agency will require corrective action at these facilities through administra-
tive orders, schedules of compliance, or judicial actions and will oversee the
work being done to correct the problem. Priority will be given to the most en-
vironmentally significant releases.
The Regions will conduct program reviews of the compliance monitoring and
enforcement programs, including corrective action, in all participating States.
In addition, the Regions will conduct oversight inspections and initiate enforce-
ment actions in States that fail to secure compliance in a timely fashion, or in
response to a State request for enforcement assistance. The Regions will continue
to promote timely and appropriate enforcement actions by the States and will offer
technical assistance, sampling, laboratory analysis, and other technical expertise
as needed,
1987 Program
» » f
in 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $36,264,200 supported by
472.2 total workyears, of which $17,369,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $18,895,000 Is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
Policies, guidances, and strategies under development include corrective
action, compliance inspections, and waste oil. Field guidance for conducting
ground water monitoring inspections is being provided to the Regions. The
off-site policy for disposal of Superfund wastes and other interrelated RCRA/
Superfund Issues continue to be refined. Training and technical support are
being provided to ensure a nationally consistent enforcement program.
The Regions are conducting annual compliance inspections at Federal, State,
and local government owned or operated facilities. The Regions and States are
conducting Inspections every six months at those off-site facilities that receive
Superfund wastes to ensure that these facilities are in compliance with RCRA stand-
ards and do not pose a threat to human health or the environment. All operating
and closed land disposal facilities will be inspected annually and all other treat-
ment and storage facilities will be inspected biennially as required by statute.
These inspections will ensure adherence to pre^HSMA requirements, such as ground
water monitoring, closure/post closure, and financial assurances. When violations
are found, the Regions and States are initiating enforcement actions.
HH-47
-------
Inspection and enforcement resources are being provided to continue support
of the permit program. RCRA facility assessments and site investigations are
being performed to identify any hazardous releases from solid waste management
units. The Agency will work with the owner/operator to obtain the necessary
corrective action using administrative orders, schedules of compliance, or judicial
actions, as appropriate.
Compliance with ground water protection requirements continues as a high RCRA
priority. To support the permit process, facilities subject to ground water moni-
toring requirements will receive a detailed technical evaluation to ensure the
facility hydrogeology is adequately characterized, monitoring wells have been
properly located and installed, sampling and analysis are conducted adequately,
and expanded monitoring 1s undertaken to assess detected leakage. The Agency will
also increase the level of sampling effort associated with compliance and investi-
gations for releases to ensure that adequate independent sampling is conducted.
As part of the Agency's effort to evaluate State programs, the Regions are
conducting oversight inspections with State personnel and are reviewing the com-
pliance monitoring and enforcement programs in all participating States*. In addi-
tion, the Agency 1s supporting State enforcement actions by providing technical
support, such as expert witnesses, sampling and laboratory analysis, and other
technical expertise not generally available in State agencies.
1987Explanationof Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $21,131,000 supported by 350.1 total work-
years, of which $12,329,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,802,000 was for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. (These
obligations Include $327,400 supported by 9.3 total workyears for UST guidelines,
which has since become a separate program. In addition to these levels, the
Agency obligated $8,364,800 supported by 48.8 total workyears for Hazardous Waste
Enforcement guidelines, which in 1986 were Included in the obligations for
Hazardous waste Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies.)
The Agency made progress in providing a visible Inspection and enforcement
presence within the regulated community. The Agency or the States conducted
compliance monitoring inspections at nearly all of the designated major hand-
lers, Including all land disposal facilities. To return violators to compli-
ance, the Agency issued warning letters and administrative orders with penalties.
Civil referrals and criminal Investigations were Initiated where stronger enforce-
ment actions were appropriate. The Agency conducted oversight Inspections to
evaluate the quality of State facility inspections as well as to train State in-
spectors. In addition, the Regions provided technical support and assistance to
States conducting compliance monitoring and enforcement activities.
HW-48
-------
Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH ft DEVELOPMENT
Pestlcities Research.. , P-8
Scientific Assessment P-l4
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance. P-14
Health Effects. P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology, P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects P-17
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration S Tolerances..................... P-2Q
Regi strati on P-22
Speci al Regi stration P-24
To! erances P-25
Generic Chemical Review P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-28
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement P-32
Pesti ci des Enforcement. P-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants.. P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training P-37
Pesticides Certification * Training Grants P-38
P-l
-------
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE *
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries ft Expenses $35,798.0 $37,766.1 $38,039.9 $37,951.1 $39,232.2 +$1,281.1
Abatement Control and $26,364.7 $23,953.1 -$24,083.1 $24,083.1 $26,443.1 +$2,360.0
Compliance
Research * Development $6,489.4 $7,713.9 $7,346.0 $7,219.7 $7,254.1 +$34.4
TOTAL, Pesticides $68,612.1 $69,433.1 $69,469.0 $69,253.9 $72,929.4 +$3,675.5
PERHANEHT WORKYEARS 732.2 734.7 7B6.3 756.3 818.2 +61.9
7 TOTAL HORKYEARS 792.8 803.8 812.7 812.7 818.2 +5.5
M OUTLAYS $66,049.8 $68,720.5 $65,529.5 $65,379,7 $67,984.6 +$2,604.9
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization for "the FederarT Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodent1c1de
Act expired September 30, 1986. Reauthorfzatlon Is pending.
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides are among the most beneficial and the most hazardous of substances.
Pesticide products provide benefits to society, contributing to agricultural produc-
tivity and controlling human diseases. Yet they are inherently hazardous since they
are specifically formulated to be injurious to living target organisms, and are
deliberately introduced Into the environment for that purpose. The Federal Insec-
ticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, and Sections 402, 406,
408, and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) give the Environ-
mental Protection Agency authority to regulate the distribution and use of pesticides
in the United States. The Agency 1s responsible for ensuring that pesticides
perform their intended functions without unreasonable adverse effects on public
health and the environment. This is a task of enormous scope and complexity. An
estimated 2.7 billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually in
this country, representing over 50,000 products.
The 1988 pesticides program strategically builds and expands upon accomplish-
ments achieved by EPA in previous years, and reflects a continued commitment to
fulfill the congressional mandate to balance health and environmental protection
with economic stability and growth. The Agency's 1988 pesticide regulation strategy
includes the following elements: 1) registration of new products and control of
pesticide residues in the food chain, 2) review and reregi strati on of existing pro-
ducts, 3) assuring pesticides are used correctly, and 4) research and development
to support and improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesti-
cides. In 1988, the Agency will place major emphasis on accelerating the rereg-
istration of existing pesticides, and less emphasis on: a) old chemical and
amended registration reviews and b) initial registration standards.
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set" the terms a'nd conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the Registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations. The
Special Registration program will continue to perform an auxiliary function by
permitting certain unregistered pesticide uses for experimental purposes and to
deal with emergency pest situations. It also provides oversight and guidance to
State Registration and Experimental Use Permit programs. The Tolerance program
establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible residue levels (or in some
instances, exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both active and inert pesti-
cide ingredients in or on raw agriculture commodities and processed foods.
GenerT c Chemi cal Re.yj_ew and Reregi st rat i on
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are support-
ed by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient by today's standards to
support the required determinations of "no unreasonable adverse effects". The
Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy this by requiring the up-
grading of the scientific data base supporting registrations, by reviewing available
data about each chemical, and by formulating scientifically-based regulatory posi-
tions to guide the modification, cancellation, or re registration of existing pro-
ducts and the registration of future products. Three major activities support this
program:
P-3
-------
(1) Data Call-in (DCI) requires registrants to supply data to fill gaps in the
current registration data base. DCI is designed to increase the likelihood that
critical data will be available in time for Standards developmeat, and/or to aid tne
Agency in identifying pesticides posing potentially unreasonable adverse effects.
(2) Registration Standards provide the basis for the rereg1st ration of existing
products and for the registration of new products containing currently registered
active ingredients. Initially established on the basis of a thorough review of
existing Information on each pesticide, Standards identify data gaps which irust be
filled before the Standard is complete, and explain the Agency's interim regulatory
position on the use of active Ingredients common to large numbers of pesticide
products. When all the required data have been obtained, Standards are revised to
become a Final Regulatory Standard and Tolerance Reassessment (FRSTR) which estab-
lishes the Agency's final regulatory position on the active ingredient. With the
planned acceleration of the reregistrati on program, an increasing number of data
bases will be sufficiently complete to enable the Agency to develop FRSTRs di-
rectly, without the need for initial Standards.
(3) Special Review 1s a formal process by which pesticides suspected of causing
unreasonable adverse effects are subjected to intensive risk/benefit analysis
and appropriate regulatory action is taken, such as restricting or prohibiting
specific uses of a pesticide.
Proper Pestici des Use
Through the pesticide applicator certification and training program and the
pesticides enforcement program, EPA strives to assure that pesticides are used
correctly. The national pesticides enforcement program operates primarily through
the assistance of the States and Territories, Under the terms of cooperative
enforcement agreements established with EPA, the States and Territories perform
use inspections, inspect pesticide-producing establishments, provide marketplace
surveillance, and make Inspections of dealers and users of restricted-use pesticide
products. Participating States and Territories also develop and prosecute enforce-
ment cases in most Instances in which violations .are detected. EPA encourages.the
States and Territories to place primary emphasis within their enforcement programs
upon compliance with the use provisions of the FIFRA. The Agency will continue to
emphasize support, guidance, and management of these cooperative efforts in 1988.
The Agency conducts Federal pesticide compliance monitoring programs in States
or Territories which are unable or unwilling to support programs of their own.
Such Federal programs include use investigations, Import and export surveillance,
and the preparation and prosecution of enforcement cases. Other Federal respon-
sibilities include providing technical and compliance assistance to the States,
the regulated community and the public, and operating an automated data system
which maintains Information on compliance inspections, enforcement actions, and
pesticide production. Within its technical and compliance assistance efforts, the
Agency is emphasizing such areas as groundwater contamination, farmworker protec-
tion, development of State enforcement response policies, and tracking cancellations
of pesticides.
The pesticide applicator Certification and Training program is operated through
the States. EPA distributes funds for training applicators to the Department of
Agriculture for distribution to State Cooperative Extension Services; funds to
operate certification programs are distributed directly to the States. In 1988, EPA
will continue to accent upgrading certification and training programs. This effort,
in response to 1985 recommendations from the EPA/SFIREG (State FIFRA Implementation
Review Evaluation Group) Certification and Training Task Force, will focus on
improving certification and training programs to address newly restricted chemicals,
Changes in technology, new groundwater concerns, and the awareness of other new
problems and benefits associated with pesticide use.
P-4
-------
Research and Development
The 1988 request for Pesticides Research and Development will continue to
provide support for pesticides registration and enforcement activities. EPA will
continue .to study health and environmental effects, transport, and fate of pesti-
cides. Efforts will be continued to assess the effectiveness of protective garments
(for pesticides formulators and applicators), monitoring systems, quality assurance
activities, and exposure and risk assessment. Additional resources in 1988 will
provide for a new, integrated research effort to determine the hazards associated
with genetically engineered pesticides.
P-5
-------
PESTICIDES
Program Activities
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Microbial Agent Reviews ...
Amended Registration
Emergency Exemption
Experimental Use Permit
Reviews ...................
24(c) State Registration
Temporary Tolerance
Tolerance Petition
Inert Ingredient
Producer Establishment
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Marketplace ~"
Applicator License ~
and Record Inspections ....
State Dealer
Federal Laboratory
Test Study Audits
Notices of Violations a/ ...
Administrative Orders "a"/ ...
Civil Litigations a/ .T.«...
Criminal Litigations a/ ....
Registration Standard"
Guidance Packages
Final Regulatory Standard
and Tolerance Reassessments
(FRSTRs)
Actual
1986
13
223
5,447
7,686
476
301
351
351
138
441
43
2,200
16,064
10,615
' 419
14,832
10,827
63
343
5,452
885
256
25
1
Budget
Estimate
1987
13
330
4,650
10,000
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
25
65
4,635
475
155
25 ,.
1
Current
Estimate
1987
13
330
5,350
7,500
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
21
95
5,220
475
175
25
1
Estimate
1988
13
330
4,025 .
5,825
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
20
5
Increase (-*}
Decrease (-)
1988 vs. 1987
-1,325
-1,675
**(**
-25
-95
-5
+4
Cumu1 at1 ye Output s
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established ............... 142 167 167 187 +20
Review of Incoming Studies
on Existing Chemicals ..... 1,003 1,379 1,593 2,183 +590
a/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
P-6
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TOB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH A DEVELOPMENT
Pestici des Research P-B
Sci ent 1 f i c Assessment ,,........«...,.. P-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance P-14
Health Effects.. P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology............... P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects.............................. P-17
P-7
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
-o
oo
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research I Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Salaries * Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Eng1neerlng And
Technology - Pesticides
Salaries £ Expenses
Research $ Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research A. Development
TOTAL
$411.1
$230,3
$641.4
$368.4
$1,224.6
$1,593.0
$1,788.5
$1,916.3
$3,704.8
$52.8
$693.1
$745.9
$2,539.3
$2,425.1
$4,964.4
$403.8
$372.0
$775.8
$415.2
$1,090.9
$1,506.1
$1 ,976.0
$1,998.0
$3,974.0
$55.7
$925.0
$9R0.7
$2,655.3
$3,328.0
$5,983.3
$398.7
$354.2
$752.9
$406.2
$1,074.6
$1,480.8
$1,951.0
$1,848.0
$3,799.0
$55.7
$854.9
$910.6
$2,S92.'7
$3,214.3
$5,807.0
$398.7
$346.8
$745.5
$406.2
$1,038.3
$1,444.5
$1,901.1
$1,848.0
$3,749.1
$55.7
$801.5
$857.2
$2,553,9
$3,185.1
$5,739.0
$409.3
$363.3
$772.6
$417.4
$1,065.4
$1,4R2.8
$2,084.4
$1,811.0
$3,895.4
$57.3
$907.9
$965.2
$2,967.7
$3,106.5
$6,074.2
$10.6
$16.5
$27.1
$11.2
$27.1
$38.3
$183.3
-$37.0
$146.3
$1.6
$106.4
$108.0
$413.8
-$78.6
$335.2
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL BUDGET EFWCTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research S Development
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,160.1 $5,506.0 $5,404.3 $5,315.6 $5,936.1 $620.5
$6,489.4 $7,713.9 $7,346.0 $7,219.7 $7,254.1 $34.4
Pesticides Research TOTAL $11,649.5 $13,219.9 $12,750.*3 $12,535.3 $13,190.2 $654.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
T Monitoring Systems 8
*° Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Envlronnental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
6.9 5.7 4.7 4.7 6.7 2.0
5.8 "6.4 7.4 7.4 7,4
31.2 32.2 37.7 37.? 38.7 1.5
.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
45.4 46.0 46.0 46.0 61.8 15.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
89.8
90.3
96.3
96.3 115.6
19.3
-------
-a
i
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Envi romental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems 8
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Fffects -
Pesticides
Envi rotrtental
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
7.0 7.7
6.2 7.5
36.1 38.2
1.3 1.0
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
6.7
7.4
37.2
1.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
6.7
7.4
37.2
1.0
REQUEST INCREASE +
198« DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
6.7
7.4
38.7 1.5
1.0
54.3
55.3
55.3
55.
61.8
6.5
TOTAL HORKYEARS
104.9 109.7 107.6 107.6
115.6
8.0
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies
1988: o Assessment of neurotoxidty in workers occupational 1y exposed to organo-
phosphorus pesticides: A neurobehavioral and biochemical study (Health)
o Report on the role of salinity in toxicity of pesticides to crustaceans
(Environmental Processes)
1987^ o Final Report: Methods manual for spawning, culturing and testing anther-
inid fishes (Environmental Processes)
o Report describing validated test protocol to detect and characterize
neurotoxidty (Health)
1986: o Report: Handbook of Acute Toxiclty of Chemicals to EstuaMne Organisms
(Environmental Processes)
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dositnetry and Extrapo-
lation '- <
1986: o Report describing how to use a newly developed technique to evaluate risk
of heritable gene mutation (Health)
Objective 3: Perform eological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field
' :
1988: o Report on effects of field applications of agricultural pesticides on
estuarine biota (Environmental Processes)
1987: o User guide/manual for unsaturated-saturated zone pesticide exposure
model (Environmental Processes)
1986: o Dougherty Plains annual project report (Environmental Processes)
Objective 4; Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA
1988: o Report on field study of the effectiveness of protective clothing for
agricultural pesticide operations' (Engineering)
o Report on laboratory study of the effectiveness of protective clothing
materials for agricultural pesticide operations (Engineering)
1987: o Report on evaluations of the permeation resistance of polymer gloves for
agricultural use in pesticide formulation (Engineering)
1986: o Interim guidance manual for selecting protective clothing for agricultural
pesticide operations (Engineering)
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1987: o Final report on the pesticide total exposure assessment methodology
(TEAM) study (Monitoring)
P-ll
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o Final report on the pesticide total exposure assessment methodology
(TEAM)
1986: o Report on data assessment of the TEAM field study (Monitoring)
Objective 6: PerformResearchon Biotechnology and Microbialand Biochemical. Pest
Control Agents
1988: o Report on the movement and survival of a biological control agent in two
natural systems (Environmental Processes)
1987: o Report on laboratory testing and evaluation of selected MPCAs on non-
target arthropods (Environmental Processes)
1986: o Report characterizing cytolytic factors of the microbial control agent
bacillus thuringrensis (Health)
Objective 7: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicityand Develop Environmental Risk Assess-
ment Protocols ' '' '
1988; o Report on relative importance of uptake routes of chemicals by birds
(Environmental Processes)
o Report on physiochemical factors affecting acute toxicity (Environmental
Processes)
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Studies
1988: o Spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment (Scientific Assessment)
1987: o Annual report on data comparison program for pesticides (Monitoring)
o Revised manual for analytical methods for tissue and environmental samples
(Monitoring)
P-12
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,190,200 supported by 115.6 total workyears
for 1988, an Increase of $654,900 and 8.0 total workyears from 1987, Of the request,
$5,936,100 win be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,254,100 will
be for the Research and Development appropriation, Increases of $620,500 and $34,400,
respectively.
Program Description
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) require the regulation of pesticide use to
avoid unreasonable adverse effects to public health and to the environment. The
research program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with human
activities and the environment, to assure that their ust minimizes damage from
pests, while maximizing the protection of human food, health and the environment.
Objective 1; Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. This
activity develops arid validates environmental and health test methods for use by
industry to assist them 1n meeting pesticide registration requirements and enforce-
ment responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objective 2: Perform HealthResearch on BiologicalMarkers, posimetry and
Extrapoj at i on. This research effort develops methods for extrapolating from high
to tow Hoses between mammalian species, evaluates dermal penetration of pesticides
and examines structure-"activity relationships.
* .
Objective 3;__ Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, ..Fate..and Field
Val 1 dation.Thi sf f i el d validation effort quant-i f i es pestic i de" effect s th rough
censusing and field tests to evaluate mortality, reproduction and recovery poten-
tial of fishes, invertebrates, birds and other organisms.
Objective 4; Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. This research
effort provides information on protective clothing and equipment for pesticide
loaders, mixers, and applicators to meet Office of Pesticide Programs' (QPP) regu-
latory needs under FIFRA.
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Honitoring Research. This activity provides
monitoring expertise,equipment,andstafffor the development of specialized
monitoring protocols and methodologies for total human exposure monitoring for
pesticides as well as the means to characterize sources and routes of exposure
for national pesticide monitoring efforts.
Objective 6; Perform Research_on^^BiotechnplDgy and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents.Thisresearch'effortevaluates the effects of microbial and
biochemical pest control agents (MBPCAs) and products of biotechnology on humans
and the environment to support registration activities of OPP.
Objective^_7; Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity andDevelop Environmental Risk
Assessment PrdtocoTsT This effort provides the meansT to determine tfie risk posed
to actual ecosystems by environmental pollutants.
Objective8:Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. These efforts
provide support for risk and exposure assessmentaswell as7quality assurance and
pesticides repository services.
P-13
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $772,600 supported by 6.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $409,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $363,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents Increases of $10,600 and $16,500, respectively, and no change in total work-
years. The Increase reflects enhanced efforts directed at reducing uncertainties
In risk assessment and developing methods for non-cancer endpoints.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. The 1988 scientific
assessment program will continue the development of methods to determine reproduc-
tive dysfunction as well as pesticide-specific assessment methods for exposure and
health risks from cancer and mutagenicity. Further efforts will focus on reducing
uncertainties in risk assessments.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. The scientific assessment
program wilt continue to prepare health risk assessments for cancer, mutagenlcity,
adverse reproductive/developmental effects and exposure. Other efforts will also
provide for review of and/or consultation with regard to program office assessments.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $745,500 supported by 6.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $398,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $346,800 is from the Research and Development appropriation. The
1987 program is continuing to develop exposure risk assessment methods, prepare
and review health risk assessments, and reduce uncertainties in risk assessment.
*
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $7,400 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammi ng . (-$7,400) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $7,400 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1 986 Accomp 1 1 s hrne nt s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $641,400 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $411,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $230,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, risk assessments were conducted on four pesticides: aldrin, dleldrln,
chlordane, and heptachlor.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988
The Agency requests a total of $1,482,800 supported by 7.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $417,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $1,065,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents increases of $11,200 and $27,100, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. Additional resources will support new studies in the biomarkers area.
P-14
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Perform Health Research on BiologicaJ Markers, Dosinietry and Extrapolation.
In this area, newefforts will be undertaken to identify an? test biological markers
of exposure to priority pesticide chemicals.
Perform ExposureMonitoring Research. This research will continue to develop
methods of measurement for pesticides. These methods will be used to provide data
on actual human exposure to individual pesticides.
Prjyide Support^Services for FIFRA Activities. Monitoring and quality
assurance efforts will continue.Operation of the pesticide and industrial chemi-
cal repository of over 1,400 chemicals will also be continued. In 1988, EPA antici-
pates 1t trill begin imposing user fees through rulemaking to recover costs for
direct federal services provided through the repository. The repository annually
distributes over 30,000 standard samples to the user community. Quality assurance
support will also continue for OPP contract laboratories, as well as lab inter-
comparison studies and distribution of unknown samples to evaluate OPP laboratories.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,444,SQO supported by 7.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $406,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,038,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program is continuing support for exposure monitoring research, quality
assurance and repository services.
1987_Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $36,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$36,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramrning limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $36,300 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,593,000 supported by 6.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $368,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,224,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, annual reports were published for the data comparison program for pesti-
cides and for the pesticides and industrial chemicals repository.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,895,400 supported by 38.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,084,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,811,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $183,300 and a decrease of $37,000, respectively,
and an increase of 1.5 total workyears. The net increase reflects an expansion of
in-house research to conduct studies on genetically engineered pesticide products
and acceleration of efforts 1n the biomarkers area.
Develop andValidate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Health effects efforts
will continue todevelop and refine bioassays for the detection of adverse develop-
mental and reproductive effects. Also, techniques will be developed, validated,
refined and Implemented for determining genetic effects caused by human exposure to
P-15
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chemical carcinogens and mutagens. Methods will also continue to be developed to
define the relationship between biological Indicators of neurotoxicity and disease
as well as the development of methods in imtnunotoxicology.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Research will expand on the development of animal models for assessinghealth risks
caused by pesticides.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbialand|iochemica1 PestControl
Agent's^ Research in this area will provide methods for detecting^identifying
and monitoring biological pesticide agents in mammalian cells as a basis for test
protocols to support microbial pesticide registration. New efforts will also
evaluate subpart M testing guidelines for genetically engineered pesticides,
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,749,100 supported by 37.2
total workyears for this program, of which 11,901,100 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,848,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1987 program continues to provide data on the effects of microbial
and biochemical pest control agents and genetically engineered pesticides, develop
health effects test methods, and perform research on extrapolation, dosimetry and
biological markers.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $49,900 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammi ng. (-$49,900) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $49,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,704,800 supported by 36.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,788,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,916,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Among 1986 accomplishments was the publication of a report on test methods to
determine the neurotoxic potential of pesticides.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
19881 Prograni Request
The Agency requests a total of $965,200 supported by 1.0 total workyear for
this program, of which $57,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $907,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents Increases of $1,600 and $106,400, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. This increase will provide for acceleration of efforts to determine the
effectiveness of protective garments for pesticide applicators, mixers and loaders.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. This research will focus
on the evaluation of selected protective garments for pesticide applicators and
foemulators. Research in this area will also evaluate the breakthrough time and
permeation rate of concentrated formulations of highly toxic pesticides.on selected
protective garments.
P-16
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $857,200 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, of which $55,700 Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $801,500 Is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Engineering research activities in 1987 are continuing to provide information on the
effectiveness of protective garments for pesticide mixers, loaders and applicators.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $53,400 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramml ngs . (-$53,400) Several reprogramnrings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $53,400 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
Accpmpl i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $745,900 supported by 1.3 total work-
years for this program, of which $52,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $693,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation. In
1986, an interim manual was published for the selection of protective clothing for
agricultural operators.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,074,200 supported by 61.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,967,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,106,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $413,800 and a decrease of $78,600, respectively,
and an increase of 6.5 total workyears. The overall increase will provide for
accelerated in-house research efforts to determine the effects of genetically
engineered pesticides, and to determine risks posed to ecosystems by pesticide
chemicals.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for J^IFRA Stud ijes. Research efforts will
continue to focus on developing and val i dating ₯ioassiys and other methodologies
for use as standardized testing protocols and for use in determining the effects
of chemical pesticides on marine and freshwater animals. These efforts will pro-
vide testing methods which the Agency can recommend for use by pesticide manufac-
turers.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field Validation.
Research in this area win continue to concentrate on **ie development, refinement
and validation of techniques and models to predict pesticide transport, degradation
and fate, as well as exposure estimates of pesticides through surface and subsurface
matrices. Additionally, field and laboratory studies will be conducted to deter-
mine if laboratory methodologies and results are valid and reflect environmental
responses under natural conditions. Efforts will be continued to determine the envi-
ronmental impact to groundwater caused by, pesticide use and other agricultural
practices.
Perform Research on Blotechtiqlogy and Hlcrobial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agent's"! Research will be accelerated on developing and Improving testing protocols
for unaltered microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) and genetically altered bio-
logical control agents (BCAs). Research results will supply testing protocols for
P-17
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subpart M gufdelines used by industry to provide data on which regulatory actions
are based.
.perform Studies gn Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.Research in thisarea win continue to developmethodologies to predict
risk toecosystems. Activities will be accelerated to develop risk assessment
methodologies for pesticides by combining exposure and hazard data via transport,
fate and effects models, determination of validity of model results in expressing
estimates of risk of important populations, determination of important endpoint
responses and population changes and identification of how ecosystem structure and
function alterations affect risk analysis.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,739,000 supported by 55.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,553,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,185,100 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1987 program continues to develop test methods in support of FIFRA
guidelines, perform research on transport, fate and field validation, and determine
the effects of biological pest control agents.
1987Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $68,000 results from the following actions:
-ReprQgrammings. {-$68,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $38,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and a net decrease of $29,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,964,400 supported by 54.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,539,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,425,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Sixteen major reports supplied the Agency Information on toxicity methods, on field
effects and exposure, and on biotechnological studies and risk evaluations.
P-18
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration A Tolerances ,,,.,,».. P-20
Regi strati on ........,..,,,.,. ,. P-22
Spedal Registntion P-24
Tolerances. P-25
Generic Chemical Review P-27
Generic Chemical Review,... P-28
P-19
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PROGRAM
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
1
ISJ
o
Registration
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Special Registration
Salaries fc Expenses
Tolerances
Salaries A Expenses
$8,907.8 $10,310.4 $9,479.1
$3,443.5 $3,200.0 $3,380.0
$9,479.1 $8,223.4 -$1,255.7
$3,380.0 $3,230.0 -$150.0
TOTAL $12,351.3 $13,510.4 $12,859.1 $12,859.1 $11,453.4 -$1,405.7
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
Registration, Special TOTAL
Registration &
Tolerances
$1,765.4 $1,487.7 $1,895.8
$1,765.4 $1,487.7 $1,895.8'
$2,652.5 $2,902.2 $2,630.4
$2,652.5 $2,902.2 $2,630.4
$13,325.7 $14,700.3 $14,005.3
$3,443.5 $3,200.0 $3,380.0
$1,895.8 $1,943.7 $47.9
$1,895.8 $1,943.7 $47.9,
$2,630.4 $2,695.7 $65.3
$2,630.4 $2,695.7 $65.3
$14,005.3 $12,862.8 -$1,142.5
$3,380.0 $3,230.0 -$150.0
$16,769.2 $17,900.3 $17,385.3 $17,385.3 $16,092.8 -$1,292.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration
183.7
191.5
181.1
181.1
166.0
-15.1
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PESTieifO
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL BUDGET
1986 ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIHATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL PfRMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WPRK YEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances .
TOTAL Wm YEARS
38.3
66.5
288.5
195.1
41.0
71.6
307.7
27.8
68,1
287.4
207.3
29.9
73.1
310.3
36.4
65.1
282.6
196.0
39.2
69.9
305.1
36.4
65.1
282.6
196.0
39.2
69.9
305.1
39.2
69.9
275.1
166.0
39.2
69.9
275.1
2.8
4.8
-7.5
-30,0
-30.0
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,092,800 supported by 275.1 total work-
years for 1988, a decrease of $1,292,500 and 30.0 total workyears from 1987. Of
the request, $12,862,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,230,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, de-
creases of $1,142,500 and $150,000, respectively.
Program Description
The Agency evaluates all proposed pesticides under a "no unreasonable adverse
effects" standard, taking into account the economic, social, and environmental
risks and benefits of the use of any pesticide. These activities are authorized
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), which requires
that a pesticide be registered by EPA before 1t can legally be sold, distributed,
or made available for use, and by the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),
which requires the establishment of safe pesticide residue levels on food and feed.
This subactivity includes three program areas:
Registration Under this program, new pesticide products are registered
and current registrations are amended to add uses or new formulations* Regis-
tration is accomplished by: 1) reviewing formulation and use data to ensure that
product use will not result in "unreasonable adverse effects"; and 2} limiting the
risks associated with use through label precautions, special packaging require-
ments, application directions, and where necessary, restriction of use to trained.
applicators.
SpecialRegistration The purpose of this program is to respond to requests
for experimental use permits and emergency exemptions (which permit the use of
unregistered pesticides -- or the use of registered pesticides for sites/pests not
included in their registration to meet pest emergencies). The program also
reviews State registrations of pesticides for Special Local Needs and related
State plans. These functions are required by Sections 5, 18, and 24 of FIFRA.
Tolerances The goal of this program is to protect public health while
giving appropriate consideration to the production of an adequate, wholesome, and
economical food supply. This is achieved by establishing tolerance levels for
residues of both active and inert pesticide ingredients (or exemption from the
requirements of a tolerance) in or on raw agriculture commodities and processed
foods, by establishing safe residue levels (temporary tolerances) for food or feed
crops to be marketed following the application of experimental use pesticides, and
by ensuring, through the testing of analytical methods, that established tolerances
can be adequately enforced.
REGISTRATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,453,400 supported by 166.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,223,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,230,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents decreases of $1,255,700 and $150,000, respectively, and a
decrease of 30.0 total workyears. The overall decrease reduces support for Old
Chemical and Amended Registration reviews in favor of an accelerated reregistration
program, where the potential for risk reduction is much greater.
P-22
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In 1988, the Agency expects to conduct 330 reviews of new chemicals and bio-
chemical /mi crobial agents, 4,025 reviews of old chemicals, 5,825 amended registra-
tion reviews, and 300 new use reviews. Except for reductions in Old Chemical and
Amended Registration reviews, this is essentially the same level of reviews as is
expected in 1987. The Agency will investigate productivity improvements which
have the potential to reduce unit costs and/or requirements for Old Chemical and
Amended Registration reviews.
The Agency will continue to give priority to applications for new chemicals
and new uses (especially applications for the first food use of pesticides currently
registered for non-food use), at the risk of increasing waiting time for Old Chemical
and Amended Registration reviews. Continued attention will be given to biochemical/
microblal agents, including genetically-altered products, in order to determine
the scope of any required regulatory amendments and necessary interagency coordina-
tion for the effective regulation of such products. Emphasis will continue to be
placed on reviewing data in support of food-use chemicals, feedthroughs, aquatic
pesticides used in potable water, and other product classes of special concern.
The Agency expects to complete most of an effort, begun in 1987, to enhance the
protection afforded to endangered species through improved pesticide labeling,
training, and other information.
Emphasis will continue to be given to the groundwater contamination initiative
by placing monitoring requirements on registrants, routinely assessing contami-
nation potential through extensive review of environmental fate test data, and
preventing or minimizing groundwater contamination through cancellation, geograph-
ical restriction, or restricted use classifications.
Initiatives begun in 1986 and 1987 that will continue into 1988 include the
following', more stringent requirements for conditional registrations; further
development of Standard Evaluation Procedures (SEPs) to help ensure uniformity of
science reviews and public understanding of review processes; the automated integra-
tion of EPA records of scientific Studies, reviews, product information and other
data; evaluation of potential groundwater contamination; and work on Region-specific
priority projects such as geographic-specific groundwater problems, the role of
Individual Regions in monitoring systems, and the use of Compound 1D8U on prairie
dogs. Agricultural Worker Protection Standards governing pesticide-treated field
reentry periods, protective clothing, and label warnings are expected to be imple-
mented in 1988. A notice of proposed rulemaking was published in 1987 concerning
the imposition of registration fees. This rule 1s expected to be effective by late
1987 or 1988.
1987 Prygram
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,859,100 supported by 196,0
total workyears for this program, of which $9,479,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,380,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1987, priority within the registration program is continuing to shift
to New Chemicals and New Uses to permit more rapid entry into the marketplace of
new, potentially safer chemicals as replacements for older hazardous chemicals which
remain in use because of a lack of alternatives. The primary focus is on accelerat-
ing the processing of registration actions with the highest potential impact on
public health and the environment.
Proposed Agricultural Worker Protection Standards and procedures are expected
to be promulgated in 1987, The Agency is also continuing a program to highlight
and work on problems identified by the Regions.
P-23
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The quality and speed of decision-making continue to be Improved through
Standard Evaluation Procedures (SEPs). The enhancement of the automation and
management of the pesticides data base Is improving the Agency's ability to identi-
fy data gaps and to prevent unanticipated adverse environmental impacts by bringing
all available information to bear on regulatory decisions.
fr
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $12,351,300 supported by 195.1 total
workyears, of which $8,907,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,443,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986, emphasis continued to be placed on new chemical and new use applica-
tions. Standard Evaluation Procedures (SEPs), the continued development of an
integrated pesticide data base, published Data Requirements for Registration, and
revised procedures for Data Support Requirements under FIFRA have improved the
quality and speed of decisions by providing a clear statement of registration
requirements and reducing the uncertainty, paperwork, and review cycles associated
with clarifying routine requirements with registrants.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1988 Prog ram Reguest
The Agency requests a total of $1,943,700 supported by 39.2 total workyears
for this program, all. of. which 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $47,900.
Projected outputs for 1988 for emergency exemption reviews, experimental use
permit (EUP) reviews, and State and local need reviews are the same as In the.1987
President's Budget. Revised, stringent criteria for granting exemptions such as
consideration of progress toward permanent registration and clarification of "emer-
gency," and "significant loss", will continue to be applied to avoid circumvention of
the full registration process. Headquarters will continue to work closely with the
States to monitor emergency exemptions, as well as State and local needs provisions,
in order to further prevent circumvention of registration requirements.
In 1988, the Agency expects to accomplish 400 experimental use permit
reviews, 250 emergency exemption reviews and 475 State and local needs reviews.
Rapid communication with affected parties and States and other measures will be
continued to minimize processing times and backlogs.
1981Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,895,800 supported by 39.2
total workyears to this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1987, State participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and Special Local Needs programs will continue to be enhanced through EPA
guidance and close Federal/State cooperation. Special emphasis is being placed on
products of biotechnology.
P-24
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 AccOTijalJshments
In 1986, The Agency obligated a total of $1,765,400 supported by 41.0 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1986, the Agency issued final revisions to regulations concerning Section
18 emergency exemptions, under which criteria for granting exemptions became more
stringent in order to more effectively assure their validity. The Agency implemented
a policy concerning genetically engineered, microbial pesticides (GEMPs) requiring
notification of the Agency of intended small-scale field testing, and a 90-day
period for the Agency to determine whether an experimental use permit (EUP) is re-
quired.
TOLERANCES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,695,700 supported by 69,9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $65,300.
Requested resources will permit an anticipated 475 tolerance petition reviews,
150 temporary tolerance petition reviews, and 60 reviews of inert ingredient re-
quests, the same level of output for these activities as in the 1987 President's
Budget. Every effort will be made to minimize processing times and backlogs in
responding to uncontrollable demand (petitions).
*
Special emphasis will be placed on policies to ensure that tolerances reflect
the most current regulatory status of each active ingredient. Tolerances for
cancelled pesticides will be revoked and replaced with appropriate action levels
where necessary. Tolerances limiting pesticide residues on food and feed crops
will be reassessed in conjunction with Registration Standard reviews to reflect
the latest toxicological information and improved estimates of exposure. The
computer-based tolerance assessment system will yield more sophisticated estimates
of dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Crop group tolerances will continue to
be used where applicable.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,630,400 supported by 69.9
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
EPA expects that activities under the new tolerance revocation policy will
increase as a result of voluntary cancellations and suspensions (many in response
to Data Call-in), Registration Standards, and Special Reviews. In addition, the
computer-based Tolerance Assessment System is being refined and selectively used
to yield more realistic and sophisticated estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide
residues.
1987 Expi anation of C hange s from the En a cted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
P-25
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19_86 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,652,500 supported by 71.6 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The tolerance revocation policy requiring that EPA revoke a tolerance for a
cancelled or suspended pesticide was fully implemented in 1986. Most of the
tolerance fees collected in 1986 were under a revised fee structure, effective in
February, 1986. However, the 1986 workload and associated earnings (value of
completed petitions) consisted primarily of petitions submitted in prior years
under the old fee structure.
In 1986, emphasis continued to be placed on improving the processing time for
new tolerances.
P-26
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
PROGRAM
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries A Expenses $12,896.2 $13,063.7 $13,636.2 $13,636.2 $15,214.9 $1,578.7
Abatement Control and $10,890.6 $9,354.7 $9,304.7 $9,304.7 $10,404.7 $1,100.0
Compl1ance
TOTAL $23,786.8 $22,418.4 $22,940.9 $22,940.9 $25,619.6 $2,678.7
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses $12,896.2 $13,063,7 $13,636,2 $13,636,2 $15,214,9 $1,578,7
Abatement Control and $10,890.6 $9,354.7 $9,304.7 $9,304.7 $10,404.7 $1,100.0
Compl 1 ance
-o
rss
»a
_ r . _ _
Generic Chemical TOTAL
Review
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL PERMANENT HDRKYEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL WORK YEARS
$23,786.8 $22,418.4 $22,940.9 $22,940.9 $25,619.6 $2,678.7
2B6.1 257.7 268.1 268.1 307.2 39.1
256.1 257.7 268.1 268.1 307.2 39.1
272.3 274.3 28?. 5 282.5 307,2 24.7
272.3 274.3 282.5 282.5 307.2 24.7
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,619,600 supported by 307.2 total workyears
for 1988, an Increase of $2,678,700 and 24.7 total workyears from 1987. Of the
request, $15,214,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$10,404,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, in-
creases of $1,578,700 and $1,100,000, respectively.
Program.. Description
This subactivity includes: 1) Registration Standards (both interim and final
or FRSTRs) to enable the Agency to efficiently meet the statutory mandate to up-
date and reexamine information on currently registered pesticides and to reregister
them, and 2) Special Reviews -* to rigorously evaluate the risks and benefits of
pesticides with an identified potential for producing significant adverse health or
environmental effects and take appropriate regulatory action (e.g., suspend, cancel,
or return to registration).
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,619,600 supported by 307.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $15,214,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, and $10,404,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation* This represents an Increase of $1,578,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $1,100,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
and 24.7*total workyears. The Increases reflect support for an acceleration of the
reregistration of pesticides and Increased activity in a national survey designed
to protect groundwater supplies from pesticide contamination.
Resources are being allocated to begin a major acceleration of the Data Call-
in process within the reregistration program. It has the potential for producing
large, long-term cost savings because most of the required data will be available
at the time when complete assessments of currently-registered pesticides are con-
ducted. The Data Call-In process will be expanded to comprehensively identify and
fill data gaps for chemicals not covered by Registration Standards, including
sub-chronic, acute, residue chemistry, and environmental fate/effects studies. As
part of this new process, 1t is expected that registrants will be required to
assess the adequacy of existing data, commit to the replacement of inadequate
studies, and justify reliance on those studies which they hold to be adequate. This
major endeavor will require extensive EPA guidance and new procedures to deal with
an unprecedented volume of information exchange with industry. Waiver provisions
will be implemented to ensure that specialty, low volume, but highly beneficial
pesticides do not quickly drop off the market because of the high testing costs
accompanying reregistration.
Additional emphasis will be placed on evaluating the potential hazards of
inert ingredients and contaminants. This will be accomplished through Registration
Standards for inert uses of active ingredients, through a call-in of Confidential
Statements of Formula to better identify inert ingredients, and through the use of
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) authorities, when appropriate.
The Agency expects to establish 20 Registration Standards in, 1988, 5 less
than in 1987. This will permit a shift of resources to accelerate the Data Call-In
P-28
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and the Final Regulatory Standards and Tolerance Reassessment (FRSTR) programs.
FRSTRs are the product of the updating of registration standards when all of the
data required by the Data Call-In and Registration Standards programs are available
and reviewed. Five FRSTRs are planned for 1988. In the event that the likely
benefits of FRSTR reviews are found to outweigh those of Registration Standards,
some of the 20 Standards will be displaced by additional FRSTRs. Priority for
Standards development will be given to those chemicals (especially food uses) of
known concern because of significant potential hazard such as those with high
volume use and high human exposure.
Review of studies called in during prior years, including studies of ground-
water contamination and chronic health effects, will be continued. Priority will
be given to those studies which meet flagging criteria indicating potential adverse
effects. Remaining studies will be reviewed 1n the course of FRSTR reviews.
Resources requested for 1988 will enable the completion of 13 Special
Review decisions. Special Reviews will be initiated according to revised criteria
which more realistically reflect actual risk, and will emphasize groundwater
considerations, accelerated decision making, and increased use of restricted
use classification to control risk. The number of Special Reviews may vary since
the initiation of Special Reviews is responsive to the identification of potential
risks during Registration Standards development and the receipt of studies from
Registration Standards and Data Call-In indicating potential adverse effects,
the outcomes of which cannot be predetermined. If fewer or additional Special
Reviews are required, resources may be shifted between Special Reviews and
Registration Standards or FRSTRs. Administrative hearings will be held as required
on regulatory action proposed by the Agency in the Special Review process.
The results of lab audits will be employed in the Special Review and Reg-
istration processes to assure the validity of health and environmental effects
data used to support pesticide registration actions. The .use of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) techniques in urban pest management will be furthered in cooper-
ation with other agencies; IPM will be considered in Special Reviews, on a case-
by-case basis, among the full range of potential risk-reduction measures examined.
Monitoring of selected pesticide exposure problems and accidental expo-sure
incidents will be continued in cooperation with various Federal, State and other
institutional sources. The Pesticide program will continue a joint survey with
the Office of Drinking Water to establish a reliable estimate of the pesticide
exposure risk through drinking water.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,940,900 supported by 28Z.5
total workyears for this program, of which $13,636,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,304,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to shift emphasis from the registration of new pesti-
cides to the review of existing, currently-registered pesticides whose registrations
are more likely to be supported by incomplete data, or data which is inadequate by
current standards.
Twenty-five Registration Standards and 13 Special Reviews are projected for
establishment in 1987. Standards established in a given year may vary according
to the relative priority of candidates for FRSTR development. One FRSTR will be
completed in 1987. In addition, the review of inert uses, as well as active uses,
of one pesticide will be included in the Registration Standards program in 1987.
P-29
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In 1987, the Data Call-In program will call in selected missing data for
antimicrobial pesticides. The program will also continue to improve the product
chemistry data base necessary to determine inerts, impurities, and contaminants
which are of toxicological concern in pesticide products.
1987 Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accorapli shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $23,786,800 supported by 272.3 total
workyears, of which $12,896,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $10,890,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A total of 25 Registration Standards were established, and Special Review de-
cisions were reached on 13 chemicals. New review procedures were introduced pro-
viding for early involvement of all EPA offices in the development of regulatory
decisions, including Special Reviews. In 1986, the Registration Standards program
was broadened to include inert as well as active uses, beginning with the review of
formaldehyde.
Exposure data was called-in in 1986 to facilitate evaluation of the signifi-
cance of new and existing health effects data, and to enable more timely Agency
reactions to potentially serious hazards. This was possible since, in 1985, the
Data Call-In program virtually completed the call-in of long term chronic data for
food use chemicals.
Laboratory data audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with
other agencies to ensure the development of high-quality test data on the health
"and environmental effects of pesticides'. The National Pesticide Monitoring Plan
was completed and transmitted to Congress.
P-30
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AiENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEHENT
Pestlci des Enforcement P-32
Pest 1 c1 des Enforcement P-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training. P-37
Pesticides Certification X Training Grants P-38
P-31
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL
1986
BUnGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
-a
i
rs>
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,416.0 $4,496.1 $4,433.7 14,435.9 $4,584.3 $148.4
$211.2 $195.0 $195.0 $195.0 $105,0 -$90.0
TOTAL $4,627.2 $4,691.1 $4,628.7 $4,630.9 $4,6R9.3 $58.4
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$9,304.1 $8,703,4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4
TOTAL $9,304.1 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4
Pesticides
Certification 4
Training Program
Salaries * Expenses
$560.4 $558.1 $634.1 $76,0
TOTAL $560.4 $558.1 $634.1 $76.0
Pesticides
Certification «
Training Qrants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
$2,515.3 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $4,000.0 $1,500.0
TOTAL $2,515.3 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $2,500.0 $4,000.0 $1,500.0
$4,416.0 $4,496.1 $4,994.1 $4,994.0 $5,218.4 $224.4
$12,030.6 $11,398.4 $11,398.4 $11,398.4 $12,808.4 $1,410.0
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $16,446.6 $15,894.5 $16,392.5 $16,392.4 $18,026.8 $1,634.4
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL WIDGET ENACTED' CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 19P7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TJ
LO
Pesticides Enforcement
Pesticides
Certification t,
Training Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL HPRKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
Pesticides
Certification S
Training Program
TOTAL HORKYEARS
97.R 99.3 95.0 95.0 104.9 9.9
14.3 14.3 15.4 1.1
97.8
99,3 109.3 109.3 120.3 11.0
107.9 109.5 103,2 103.2 104.9
14.3 14.3 15.4
107.9 109.5 117.5 117.5
120.3
1.7
1.1
2.8
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,026,800 supported by 120.3 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $1,634,400 and 2.8 total workyears from 1987. Of the re-
quest, $5,218,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $12,808,400
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, increases of
$224,400 and $1,410,000, respectively.
Program DescriptIon
The purpose of this sub-activity is to assure that the pesticide industry --
users, producers and distributors -- complies with the Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). This is accomplished primarily by State activities
conducted under cooperative agreements with EPA.
The program areas under this subactivity are:
Pesticides Enforcement The Pesticides Enforcement program provides direction
and assistance to the States and, where the States do not operate comprehensive
programs, operates programs directly. The Regional offices negotiate and manage
cooperative agreements under which the States operate enforcement and pesticide
applicator certification and training programs. The Regions assist the States with
enforcement actions and prepare and issue notices of violation and administrative
orders 1n Instances where a State does not participate in the cooperative enforce-
ment program or where a State refers a case to the Agency for action. The Regions
provide technical and compliance assistance to the agricultural chemical industry,
commercial and private pesticide applicators, user groups^ and States.
The Headquarters component of the Pesticides Enforcement 'program establishes
national program priorities. It also provides support in the development of new
FIFRA regulations and develops enforcement response policies and compliance moni-
toring strategies for each new rule. Special review decisions and key registration
and data call-in activities also require enforcement input and assistance. Head-
quarters prepares annual guidance for the cooperative Federal/State enforcement
program.
Pesticides Enforcement Grants -- This program accounts for the bulk of pesti-
cide compliance activities in the United States. Under the terms of cooperative
agreements with EPA, the States investigate pesticide use, misuse, and reentry
matters, inspect pesticide producer establishments, and provide marketplace sur-
veillance. The States also survey pesticide imports, inspect pesticide dealer
records, and review commercial applicator records under this program.
Pesticides Certification and Training 'The Pesticides Certification and
Training "(CRT) program provides guidance and assistance to the States and, where
the States do not operate programs, operates programs directly to train and certify
applicators to safely apply restricted use pesticides. The Regional offices nego-
tiate and manage cooperative agreements under which the States operate certification
programs. The Regions also evaluate State C4T programs and assist the States in
implementing regulatory decisions affecting certification and training.
P-34
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The Headquarters staff of the Pesticides Certification and Training (CST)
program establishes national program priorities. It develops national C&T stra-
tegies as chemicals are classified for restricted use, assists in establishing
priorities for developing training material, and prepares annual guidance for the
cooperative Federal/State certification program.
Pest_1cides Ce rt if1cation and Training Grants This program 1s designed to
insure that only"competent, trained applicators handle, apply, store, and dispose of
highly toxic restricted use pesticides. EPA funds cooperative agreements with
States to certify applicators to use restricted use pesticides. State certification
programs must be approved by EPA and must provide not only for initial certification,
but also for maintenance of applicators' competency. This is accomplished by
requiring applicators to periodically renew their certification by completing
State-specific requirements.
EPA has an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to
provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State Cooperative
ExtensionServices. EPA provides funds to support this activity. Applicators
receive training in the area of safe and effective use of pesticides, and changing
technological and regulatory requirements.
In Colorado, EPA administers the Certification and Training program for private
applicators. In Nebraska, EPA administers the C&T program for both private and
commercial (for-hire) applicators. C&T funds are also used to support these
Federally-run programs.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $4,68i»300 supported by 104.1 total' workyears
for this program, of which $4,584,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation, and $10i,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $148,400 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $90,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
an increase of 1.7 total workyears. The increases include an additional 11 work-
years for greater emphasis on the Pesticides Enforcement program in the Regions.
These increases are offset by decreases of 9.3 workyears and extramural dollars to
consolidate the laboratory data integrity program within the Toxic Substances
Enforcement program.
In 1988, the Pesticides Enforcement program will continue to concentrate on
State participation, under cooperative enforcement agreements, in the nationwide
pesticide compliance monitoring program. The Agency will emphasize achieving
compliance with rules governing pesticide use, with relatively less emphasis on
product surveillance in the marketplace. The States will also be responsible for
enforcing notices of intent to suspend product registrations issued under the Data
Call-in program. The primary FederaT role at the Regional level will be oversight
and management of State'cooperative agreement programs. The increase in Regional
technical assistance resources will provide support for a top Agency priority for
1988 which is to protect groundwater supplies from contamination by agricultural
chemicals including pesticides. These resource increases will also be used to
provide support for special projects which respond to new regulatory and program
concerns including: the Farm Worker Safety program, overseeing the development of
enforcement response policies under Sections 26 and 27, as well as for tracking and
providing compliance follow-up for Section 3(c)(2){B) cancellations.
P-35
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Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management, assist in
the development of new and revised regulations, and develop compliance monitoring
strategies and enforcement response policies for all such rules. Headquarters will
also provide guidance and general oversight to the Federal/State cooperative en-
forcement programs, and technical and analytical support for Regional activities.
Both Headquarters and the Regions are responsible for quality assurance and quality
control of all enforcement data collected by EPA,
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,630,900 supported by 103,2
total workyears for this program, of which $4,435,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $195,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance.
appropriation.
During 1987, the Agency is emphasizing State participation in pesticide compli-
ance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative enforcement agree-
ments. There will be 54 States and Territories and 7 Indian Nations participating
in cooperative enforcement agreements. Federal compliance monitoring activities
are continuing in States without cooperative agreements. Other Federal responsibil-
ities include import and export surveillance, provision of technical and compliance
assistance to the States and the regulated community, the operation of a computer
system maintaining pesticide producer establishment and production records, and
other related enforcement data.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $2,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$2,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net increase of $2,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,627,200 supported by 107.9 total
workyears, of which $4,416,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$211,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the following: 166 in-
spections of pesticide producing establishments, 189 use and re-entry inspections,
239 import inspections at ports of entry, 343 marketplace inspections, and 63
laboratory inspections. The Agency issued 237 administrative orders, 1,027 notices
of warning for product/producer and use violations, 647 stop sale, stop use, removal
orders, or voluntary recalls, 40 import detentions, and one criminal referral to
the Department of Justice.
A total of 54 cooperative enforcement agreements were 1n place 1n 1986. As
part of the cooperative agreement program, the Agency provided training for State
inspectors, chemists, and case development stiff.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT SRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,703,400, the same level as 1987, which
will be for cooperative enforcement agreements under the Abatement, Control and
Compli ance appropri at i on.
P-36
-------
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 54 partici-
pating States and Territories and 7 Indian Nations. The cooperative enforcement
agreements program is designed to permit participating States and Territories to
determine their program priorities and utilize the resources provided to act upon
these priorities. State activities will include use and re-entry investigations,
pesticide producer establishment and marketplace inspections, applicator license
and record inspections, and dealer record inspections.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,703,400 for cooperative enforce-
ment agreements, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. These agreements emphasize user compliance with label directions for
proper use and application, as well as manufacturer adherence to product formulation
requirements under FIFRA.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $9,304,100 for cooperative enforcement agreements
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Fifty-four participating
States and Territories conducted 15,875 use, reentry and experimental use inspec-
tions, 2,034 inspections of producer establishments, 14,662 applicator license and
record inspections, 10,551 dealer record inspections, 10,272 marketplace inspec-
tions, and 180 import inspections.
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $634,100 supported by 15.4 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
increases of $76,000 and 1.1 total workyears to improve State certification and
training (C&T) programs.
Principal emphasis will be on reviewing and evaluating State training programs
followed by development of corrective action plans, encouraging States to make
their C&T programs more self-supporting by developing fee systems, and assisting
States to implement modified certification programs (based on evaluations conducted
in 1986 and 1987). ~
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $558.100 supported by 14.3 total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Major em-
phasis in the Regions is on finalizing corrective action plans for State certifica*
tion programs.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $2,300 results from the following actions:
P-37
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-Reprograjijpjngs. (-$2,300) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $2,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, workyears for this program were budgeted in the Pesticides Enforcement
program. The Agency began implementing recommendations resulting from the 1985
review of the Certification and Training program by representatives of States, USDA,
and EPA.
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,000,000 for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation, an Increase of $1,500,000.
Of the total requested, $1,690,100 will be for certification agreements. This
represents an increase of $500,000 in grants to State lead agencies for certification
and recertlfication of applicators to use restricted use pesticides. This increase
will allow the expansion of certification and recertification programs to address
newly restricted chemicals, changes in technology, and updated information on the
use and effects of pesticides.
The grant to USDA for applicator training programs will be increased by
$500,000. The increase will permit upgrading of existing State training materials
and programs. Training programs will be upgraded to address newly restricted
chemicals, updated technology, and an awareness of new problems and benefits asso-
ciated with pesticide use.
Approximately 15 to 17 Regional certification and training projects will be"
funded with another $500,000 at a cost of approximately $30,000 per project.
These projects will focus on developing training material which addresses specific
drift, groundwater, or pest problems in a particular Region and ways of avoiding or
mitigating these problems. Other projects could result in updated Regional training
material for different categories of commercial applicators (such as applicators
involved in agricultural, forest, or aquatic pest control).
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,500,000 to this program from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources are supporting
53 delegated certification and training programs, and the Federally-run programs in
Colorado and Nebraska.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,515,300, all of which was from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. EPA supported 53 applicator certi-
fication and training programs and operated programs in Colorado and Nebraska,
P-38
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Radiation
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION R-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research.... R-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance............,..«....,.....R-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology ...............R-ll
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines R-H
Radiation Program Implementation...... R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment.. R-21
R-l
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RADIATION
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries S Expenses $8,050.7 $8,161.4 $9,553.4 $9,553.4 $8,817.4 -$736.0
Abatement Control and $5,117.1 $3,810.6 $4,310.6 $4,310.6 $3,810.6 -$500.0
Compli ance
Research & Development $16.2 $1,520.0 $1,524.9 $800.0 -$724.9
TOTAL, Radiation $13,184.0 $11,972.0 $15,384.0 $15,388.9 $13,428,0 -$1,960.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 137.7 152.0 180.6 180.1 166.7 -13.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS 151.2 157.0 185.7 185.2 166.7 -18.5
f OUTLAYS $12,998.2 $12,136.4 $13,552.2 $13,546.8 $13,820.1 +$273.3
"» WTHORIZATION LEVELS All authorization except Research and Development, 1s by virtue
of the Appropriations Act. The Environmental Research, Develop-
ment, and Demonstration Authorization Act expired September 30,
1981, and reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse
effects of radiation exposure is derived from several statutes: the Atomic Energy
Act, which provides authority for Federal guidance and general environmental
standards (transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970); the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1977, which provide authority to regulate radioactive air
pollutants; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Uranium Mill
Tailing Radiation Control Act, which charge EPA with providing standards for
protection from waste materials with radioactive content; the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act, which requires the Administrator to take certain actions
concerning indoor radon; the Nuclear Waste Policy Act; and other authorities
contained in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act; the Safe Drinking Water Act; the Public Health
Service Act; and the National Environmental Policy Act.
These statutes generally prescribe environmental assessment, technology
assessment, standard-setting, and research roles for EPA. The disposal of radio-
active wastes in an environmentally sound manner Is a complex task that Involves
the collective efforts of EPA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the
Department of Energy (DOE), States, and private Industry. In some cases,
enforcement responsibilities are vested in other agencies, notably the NRC. In
these instances, EPA performs some oversight functions to ensure that established
standards and guidance are followed.
The basic strategy for EPA's radiation program focuses on three major objec-
tives: (1) reduce health effects and environmental impacts; (2) assess emerging
radiation problems; and (3) maintain a capability to respond to emergencies.
Reduce adverse health effects .and, envlr^jrentja) impact from radiation exposure
through a program of standards and guides.'
Source categories that emit airborne radionucltdes are assessed and regulated,
where required, by the promulgation and Implementation of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, under section 112 of the Clean Air Act.
The various classes of radioactive wastes and disposal options are evaluated and
regulated in a program designed to ensure that disposal takes place in an environ-
mentally sound manner that limits exposures. Principal tasks remaining include
promulgation of standards for land and ocean disposal of low-level radioactive
wastes, development of regulations to determine permissible residual radioactivity
levels for decommission nuclear facilities, and development of groundwater pro-
tection standards for Inactive mill tailing sites. Protective Action Guides are
being developed to assist in the relocation and resettlement of populations In the
event of a radiation Incident, and Federal Guidance is being developed for general
exposure to radi©frequency radiation. In addition to these activities, efforts
include completion of criteria for the ocean disposal of radioactive wastes, and
of a proposal to address special problems associated with the handling and storage
of high-level wastes at the DOE site at Hanford, Washington.
Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems ajld their potential
impact. Respond to Issues of serious public co'ncern.. ' '' ' ! "~
Measurements of indoor radon levels from naturally occurring radium in soil
and rocks 1n the Reading Prong areas of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York,
and the elevated exposure levels discovered in other parts of the country,
demonstrate the need to address radon exposure. Addressing Indoor radon will
continue to be a high priority in 1988. EPA coordinates its activities with
DOE, which has a long-standing program in radon and related issues. EPA efforts
R-3
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to address radon exposures Include: Identifying the potential for high-risk land
areas; developing measurement procedures and assurance of proper testing by labora-
tories; encouraging private sector development of mitigation methods; developing
and demonstrating low-cost mitigation methods; expanding measurement capabilities
of States; defining the distribution of risks 1n the United States; and informing
the public and industry about measurement techniques, mitigation methods, and
preventive techniques.
Knowledge of radiation exposure from some sources has become more widespread,
and the potential for radiation contamination of environmental pathways is growing
as greater uses are made of radioactive materials. Requests for EPA assistance in
site assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples have increased
substantially, particularly from the Federal sector.
In 1988, the Agency will continue the off-site monitoring program that supports
DOE's operation of nuclear test sites. In addition, the quality assurance program
for radiochemical analyses will be maintained. The Agency will also continue
research on development and demonstration of radon mitigation methods and materials
for reducing Indoor radon levels in coordination with DOE's $10 million research
program in 1988.
Maintain a capability to respond to emergencies and to aiddevelopmentandtesting
of State,Jogalt^hd Federal pl.ans for emergency^response.
To provide continuous information on radiation levels 1n environmental
pathways, the Agency maintains fully equipped emergency response teams that can
be flown to sites where significant radiation releases have occurred or appear
imminent. Protective Action Guides developed and under development will provide
consistent guidance to responsible officials for preventive or remedial actions
that should be taken to limit population exposure from unplanned releases of
radiation. The Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System provides a
mechanism for tracking and measuring large atmospheric releases of radioactive
materials across the country.
R-4
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RADIATION
BUDGET CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1986 1987 1987 19.B8 1988 vs 1987
CumulativgOutputs
Regulations:
Proposals.. 10 12 12 13 +1
Promulgations 10 10 10 11 +1
Guides:
Proposals 33 33
Promulgations 12 23+1
R-5
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
RESEARCH «, DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research... .. . R-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance........... R-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology............... R-ll
R-6
-------
70
I
RADIATION
Radiation Research
PROGRAM
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
technology - Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ACTUAL
1986
$182.
$16.
$199.
$182.
$16.
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
8 $196.3
2
0 $196.3
8 $196.3
2
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
$160.6
$160.6
$987.1
$1,520.0
$2,507.1
*
$1,147.7
$1,520.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
$160.6
$160.6
$987.1
$1,524.9
$2,512.0
$1,147.7
$1,524.9
REQUEST
1988
$164.4
$164.4
$413.7
$800.0
$1,213.7
$578.1
$800.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
*
$3.8
$3.8
-$573.4
-$724.9
-$1,298.3
-$569.6
-$724.9
Radiation Research
TOTAL
$199.0
$196.3 $2,667.7 $2,672.6 $1,378.1 -$1,294.5
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
4.1
5.0
4.7
4.2
4.7
.5
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
19.0
4.1
5.0 23.7
19.0 8.0 -11.0
23.2 12.7 -10.5
TOTAL MORKYEARS
03
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Envi ronmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
4,1
5.0
4.7
4.2
4.7
.5
19.0 19.0 8.0 -11.0
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
4.1
5.0 23.7
23.2
12.7 -10.5
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objectlye 1; Proylde Monitoring and Quality Assyrance Support to Federal, State,
and toe a 1 Labgra'tgries '
1988; o Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site
Calendar Year 1987 (Honitoring)
o Annual report on laboratory rtdionuclide intercpmparison studies (Moni-
toring)
1987: o Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site
Calendar Year 1986 (Monitoring)
o Annual report on laboratory radlonuclide inter comparison studies (Moni-
toring)
1986: o Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site
Calendar Year 1985 (Monitoring)
o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison studies (Moni-
toring)
Objective 2: Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the Radon Action
' ~~ '
1988: o Third edition technical manual and homeowners guide for radon reduction
(Engineering)
o Protocols for evaluations of radon in houses (Engineering)
o Report on initial new house radon reduction studies including proposed
model code changes .(Engineering)
1987; o Second edition of technical manual and homeowners guide for radon reduction
(Engineering)
o Interim protocols for radon house evaluation based on diagnostic studies
(Engineering)
1986: o Technical manual and homeowners guide for radon reduction (Engineering)
R-9
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,378,100 supported by 12.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $578,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $800,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents decreases of $569,600 and $724,900 respectively, and a decrease
of 10.5 total workyears.
Program -Desertption
The goal of the radiation research program is to provide the Office of Radia-
tion Programs (ORP) and other EPA, federal, regional, state and local officials
with scientifically credible., data, methods, and assessments required to determine
and control public exposure to radioactive materials in the environment. The
following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State, and locaT Laboratories.This program providescomprehensiveradiological
monitoring andsurveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE)
requirements for its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site
(NTS). This work is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE. EPA
also conducts a radiochemlcal analytical quality assurance program which supports
federal, state, and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements to assess
the impact of local nuclear facilities,
Objective2. Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to SupporttheRadon
ActionP;la".Research and demonstration ofeffective radon mitigationand preven-
tion techniques are integral parts of the Agency's Radon Action Plan. Based upon
the results of these studies, manuals are produced and updated for homeowners,
builders, and health officials* explaining available techniques. All radon activ-
ities will be coordinated through participating Agencies on the Committee for
Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination, including DOE which is
devoting an additional $10,000,000 to radon research in 1988.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $164,400 supported by 4.7 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $3,800 and an increase of 0.5 total workyears.
Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance ...Support to Federal, State, and
Loca1 Labo rator1e₯I Monitoring support to the Department of Energy's Nevada Test
Site will continue. This support consists of a radiation safety monitoring program,
long-term hydrological monitoring, a human surveillance investigation program, and
maintenance of the radiation data base, Technical expertise and guidance will
continue to be provided to Regional, state, and contractor laboratories for radio-
chemical analyses of environmental samples. Inter-laboratory comparison studies
will be conducted to provide data on the precision and accuracy of radioactivity
measurements in milk, simulated diet, drinking water, and air.
R-10
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $160,600 supported by 4.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Monitoring support is being provided to the Department of Energy at the
Nevada Test Site and other installations. Quality assurance support is being
provided to regional, state, and contractor laboratories for radiochemical analyses
of environmental samples.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 budget.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $199,000 supported by 4.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $182,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Annual reports on the Laboratory Radionuclide Intercomparison Studies and the
off-site surveillance program were published. Quality assurance support was also
provided.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,213,700 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $413,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $800,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents decreases of $573,400 and $724,900 respectively, and a decrease of 11.0
total workyears. Having devoted a significant amount of resources to radon miti-
gation research in recent years, and given DOE's expanded program of research into
other radon issues, the Agency believes that the radon mitigation demonstration
program can now be supported at a lower level.
Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the Radon Action Plan.
Field demonstrations of mitigation techniques wil1 be continued in existing houses.
Preventive techniques will be demonstrated in houses under construction. The tech-
nical manual for contractors will be updated and a manual for builders will be
issued. Pre- and post-mitigation monitoring will be continued in all test houses.
Validation of diagnostic protocols will continue.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,512,000 supported by 19.0 to-
tal workyears for this program, of which $987,100 is from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $1,524,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Mitigation testing is being performed in up to 110 existing houses in the Reading
Prong in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey and as many as three other states.
Radon prevention methods will be incorporated in the construction of up to 25 new
houses. Initial studies are planned on the potential effectiveness of air cleaning
devices and of sealants and coatings. The technical guidance manual and homeowners
guide will be revised and interim diagnostic protocols will be produced.
R-ll
-------
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $4,900 results from the following action:
-Reprograironing. (+$4,900) A reprogramnrtng was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramrning limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $4,900 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accoinpl1shments
In 1986, resources for this program were included in the Air Quality Research
Budget Sub-activity, under Objective .3, "Provide Scientific Support to Develop
Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollutants", and Objective 5, "Provide Scientific
Data to Determine the Impact of the Quality of Global- and Micro-environments on
Public Health and the Environment". A brochure for homeowners and a technical
manual for installers of radon mitigation techniques were issued in August 1986,
Field-testing of lowcost mitigation methods continued, resulting in in-home reduc-
tions of up to 99 percent. To define the size of the program needed to recommend
mitigation methods for all existing and new housing types, test matrices were
developed and reviewed by EPA's Science Advisory Board.
R-12
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION Jim
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
' ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
ABATEMENT 8 CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards X Guidelines R-14
Radiation Program Implementation............. R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment................ R-21
R-13
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Criteria,
Standards A Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl 1 ance TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl 1 ance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL
Standards & Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYIARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$2,962. f
$1,126.9
$4,089.8
$2,962.9
$1,126.9
$4,089.8
50.9
50.9
54.1
54.1
$3,4i9.0
$1,060.6
$4,559.6
$3,499.0
$1,060.6
$4,559.6
67.0
67.0
69.0
69.0
$3,016.7
$1,060.6
$4,077.3
$3,016.7
$1,060.6
*
$4,077.3
57.5
57.5
59,5
59.5
$3,01i.7
$1,060.6
$4,077.3
$3,01i.7
$1,060.6
$4,077.3
57.5
57.5
59.5
59.5
$2,781.9
$1,060.6
$3,842.5
$2,781.9
$1,060.6
$3,842.5
53.5
53.5
53.5
53.5
-$234.8
-$234*8
-$234.8
-$234.8
-4.0
-4.0
-6.0
-6.U
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,842,500 supported by 53.5 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $234,800 and 6.0 total workyears from 1987. Of the request,
$2,781,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,060,600
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $234,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
EPA develops and promulgates radiation environmental standards and guidelines
under this subactivity. These standards and guidelines protect the public health
and the environment by minimizing risk of radiation exposures from nuclear energy
applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and occupational
radiation uses, and nonionizing radiation.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1988ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,842,500 supported by 53.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,781,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,060,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $234,800 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and a decrease of 6.0 total workyears. The decreases reflect completion of back-
ground analytical work for the promulgation of regulations for the ocean disposal
of radioactive wastes, and completion of guidance for the general exposure to
radiofrequency radiation in the environment.
In 1988, EPA will concentrate on three major areas: addressing airborne
radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste management, and
developing Federal Guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort will focus on
completing guidance for implementation of the National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) issued under section 112 of the Clean Air Act.
Five source categories are covered by standards at this time; a full-scale imple-
mentation program for these NESHAPs will be undertaken in 1988. Depending on the
results of the risk assessment study of phosphogypsum piles, appropriate action
will be taken on this source category as a candidate for regulation under a NESHAP.
EPA will continue technical work on the development of environmental standards
or Federal Guidance for residual radioactivity limits at decommissioned nuclear
facilities with the identification of clean-up criteria. In addition, as part
of programs addressing the problem of radioactive waste disposal, EPA will propose
extending the : coverage of the high-level waste standards to address special
defense-related wastes that are presently stored in various locations. Much of
this effort will focus on the Department of Energy (DOE) site at Hanford, Washington.
EPA will also continue work to complete the low-level radioactive waste standard,
which has been expanded to cover concentrated natural and accelerator produced
radioactive materials. Ground water protection standards will be promulgated for
inactive uranium mill tailings sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act.
R-15
-------
In 1988, EPA will complete technical criteria documents and promulgate
standards for the ocean dumping of low-level radioactive wastes.
In 1988 EPA will take final action to complete Protective Action Guides (PAGs)
for airborne plume and ingestlon pathways in the event of a nuclear incident.
These PAGs will be added to the Manual of Protective Actions. A draft PAG for
population relocation also will be completed. The Manual of Protective Actions
is used in Federal, State and local emergency preparedness planning. In addition,
'EPA will publish the final radiofrequency radiation guidance. Limited support to
other Federal agencies will be given in the implementation of existing Federal
Guidance covering nonionizing radiation, diagnostic uses of medical x-rays, and
occupational exposure of workers.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,077,300 supported by 59.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,016,700 Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,060,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, work is being completed on the risk assessment of phosphogypsum piles
prior to making the determination of whether a NESHAP regulatory action 1s needed.
NESHAPs implementation guidance for other source categories is under develop-
ment. Agreements are being negotiated with the DOE and the Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission (NRC), on how NESHAPs will be Implemented at facilities that are their
responsibilities. The Agency anticipates that an amendment to the high-level waste
standards will be needed to address problems of 1n-tank solidification of waste
stored at the Hanford, Washington DOE site. Upon formal request by DOE, develop-
ment of an alternative standard begins in 1987. A proposed standard for land
disposal of low-level radioactive wastes is being published in 1987. Analytical
work necessary to develop environmental standards for residual radioactivity at
decommissioned nuclear facilities also continues. Development of a new standard
covering groundwater protection at inactive uranium mill tailings sites is being
continued. Analytical work continues to support the Agency's issuance of regula-
tions for ocean disposal of low-level radioactive waste. This work includes the
completion of the basic radiological criteria and support documents. A proposal of
the standards is planned for 1987. Participation in international deliberations,
including the London Dumping Convention, continues. Work on final guidance for
radiofrequency radiation continues. Working arrangements are being established
with affected agencies for subsequent implementation of the guidance. The final
general occupational exposure guidance is expected to published in early 1987.
Final draft PAGs for airborne plume and ingestion pathways is being completed in
1987. Development of the relocation PAG is expected to be initiated.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,089,800 and 54.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,962,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,126,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A final NESHAP for licensed uranium mills was promulgated in 1986. Work
continued on the risk assessment of phosphogypsum piles prior to making the deter-
mination of whether regulatory action 1s needed. Negotiations were Initiated with
DOE and NRC on how NESHAPs will be implemented at facilities that are their
responsibility. The Agency continued efforts In the high-level waste area by
R-16
-------
taking action to Interpret the high-level waste standards relative to their imple-
mentation. The standard to be proposed in 1987 for land disposal of low-level
radioactive wastes was broadened to cover discrete sources of natural and accelera-
tor produced radioactive materials. Analytical work necessary to develop environ-
mental standards for residual radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear facilities
also continued, and an advance notice of proposed rulemaklng was issued. Guidance
for radiofrequency radiation was proposed. Work was completed on the final general
occupational exposure guidance, in preparation for its issuance as Federal Guidance.
First drafts of PAGs for airborne plume and ingestion pathways were completed.
R-17
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Radiation Program TOTAL
*> Implementation
00
PERMANENT WORKYEARS,
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$627.5 $616.7 $1,096.2 $1,U96.2 $1,155.3 $59.1
$627.5 $616.7 $1,096.2 $1,096.2 $1,155.3 $59.1
$627.5 $616.7 $1,096.2 $1,096.2 $1,155.3 $59.1
$627.6 $616.7 $1,096.2 $1,096.2 $1,155.3 $59,1
8.9 10.0 16.9 16.9 21.0 4.1
8.9 10.0 16.9 16.9 21.0 4.1
Radiation Program
Implementation
10.9
11.0
18.0
18.0
21.0
3.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
10.9
11.0
18.0
18.0
21.0
3.0
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,155,300 supported by 21.0 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $59,100 and 3.0 total workyears from 1987. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This program supports activities of EPA's Regional offices and includes:
working directly with State and local agencies to assist them to develop self-
sufficient radon programs, a major objective of the Agency's Radon Action Program;
participating in the implementation of NESHAPs for airborne radlonuclides from the
five source categories regulated; and participating in the review and testing of
State radiological emergency response plans.
Other activities include reviewing environmental Impact statements; providing
the public with technical information; providing direct assistance to State and
local governments with special radiation problems of a short-term nature; and
providing the radiological expertise needed by the Regions to manage radiological
problems associated with the drinking water and hazardous waste programs.
RADIATION PROGRAM IVPIEMENTATION
1988 P rog ram Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,155,300 supported by 21.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
This represents an increase of $59,100 and 3.0 total workyears from 1987. The
increase.re fleets added support for the Radon Action Program.
In 1988 Regional Offices will target 14 workyears to help implement the Radon
Action Program, which addresses indoor radon exposures fron naturally occurring
sources. EPA staff will assist State personnel in developing expertise in measure-
ment, diagnostic evaluation, and mitigation, as well as in designing and conducting
surveys aimed at identifying areas with high radon levels. Another Important part
of the Radon Action Program 1s educating and informing the public about radon, and
disseminating information and guidance to the public and local agencies. Regional
Offices will also participate fully in all aspects of the implementation program
for sources covered by radionuclide NESHAPs within their geographic boundaries.
EPA will continue to emphasize technical assistance to States for emergency response
planning. EPA assists States in the development of radiological emergency response
plans and formally reviews these plans along with other Federal agencies under the
coordination of the Federal Emergency, Management Agency. Regional Offices will
continue to be involved in the characterization and identification of hazardous
waste sites contaminated by radioactivity. This effort supports both the EPA
Headquarters hazardous waste programs and the requests from the States. The
Regions will continue to be the primary reviewers of environmental Impact state-
ments for radiation facilities, such as commercial nuclear power plants, uranium
mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal facilities. They will be Involved
with State agencies and the public to present and explain Agency radiation.regula-
tions, and will provide continued support to the States for the management of
radioactive wastes.
R-19
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1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total. of $1,096,200 supported by 18.0
total workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1987, Regional Offices are providing 11 workyears to support the development
of data and information for the implementation of EPA's Radon Action Program.
States are looking to EPA for technical assistance as they begin to develop their
own programs to address the problems of Indoor radon. Regional Offices are a
principal Interface for most of the mechanisms and sources of information available
to States, local agencies, and the public. Regional offices are reviewing requests
for construction permits and requests for exemptions for facilities covered by
airborne radionucl1de NESHAPs. Emergency preparedness and technical assistance
to the States on radioactive waste problems also remains a central focus on the
EPA Regional radiation program. Regional programs continue to be Involved in the
characterization of hazardous waste sites subject to possible remedial action.
The Regions are also continuing as the primary reviewer of environmental Impact
statements for radiation facilities such as uranium mines and mills, and radio*
active waste disposal facilities. Support to the national program is in the form
of participation in the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System and
regulatory work groups and task forces. Cooperation with EPA's Superfund Program
is continuing and being enhanced to identify and survey potential dump sites for
radiation contamination and removal.
1987 Explanation of Changes for the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $627,500 supported by 10.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1986, Regional Offices supported the Radon Action Program by providing data
and information for the development and improvement of State Indoor radon programs.
Technical assistance was provided on a selected basis. Emergency preparedness and
technical assistance to the States and other EPA Regional programs also remained a
central focus of the EPA Regional radiation program. Regions continued to review
environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and
mines, and radioactive waste disposal sites. They continued to be involved with
the characterization of hazardous waste sites, and provided technical assistance
and advice to the Superfund program relative to actual or possible remedial actions.
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
I
PO
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,277.5 $3,849.4 $4,292.8 $4,292.8 $4,302.1 $9.3
$3,990.2 $2,750.0 $3,250.0 $3,250.0 $2,750.0 -$500.0
TOTAL $8,267.7 $6,599.4 $7,542.8 $7,542.8 $7,052.1 -$490.7
$4,277.5 $3,849.4 $4,292.8 $4,292.8 $4,302.1
$3,990.2 $2,750.0 $3,250.0 $3,250.0 $2,750.0
Radiation TOTAL $8,267.7 $6,599.4 $7,542.8 $7,542.8 $7,052.1
Environmental Impact
Assessment
$9.3
-$500.0
-$490.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKVEARS
73.8
73.8
70.0
70.0
82.5
82.5
82.5
82.5
79.5
79.5
-3.0
-3.0
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PC
I
PC
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
TOTAL HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS
82.1
82.1
72.0
72.0
84.5
84.5
84.5
84.5
79.5
79.5
-5.0
-b.O
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,052,100 supported by 79,5 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $490,700 and 5.0 total workyears from 1987. Of the
request, $4,302,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,750,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $9,300 and a decrease of $500,000, respectively.
Program Description
Activities in this program provide the information necessary to identify and
analyze radiological problems having potential public health impacts, including
radon, and support the development of standards and guidelines. Also included
under this subactivity is the monitoring of environmental radiation, as well as
laboratory analysis, technology assessments, emergency preparedness, and emergency
response.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,052,100 supported by 79.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,302,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,750,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $9,300 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and a decrease of 5.0 total workyears. The decrease 1n total
workyears reflects reduced support for the monitoring program at the Three Mile
Island nuclear reactor, and reduced technical support to other Federal and State
agencies. The decrease in funding reflects the completion of initial work on
the national radon survey; part of the Radon Action Program. "
In 1988 EPA will continue to implement a comprehensive Radon Action Program,
to address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure, providing 31 workyears
and $2,500,000 in contract dollars. This program, which is coordinated with the
radon activities of the Department of Energy (DOE), emphasizes development of
State and local agency capabilities, and full participation by the private sector.
Specific activities include a national survey to assess the overall dimensions of
the radon problem, development and dissemination of information on low-cost remedial
and preventive techniques, development of standardized measurement methods and
techniques, and technical assistance to States in diagnosing elevated radon levels
in homes. In addition, the Agency will continue to respond to State and local
government requests for advice, guidance, and public information including design
and conduct of surveys, geologic consultations and analytical support. The Radon
Measurement Proficiency Program will continue to operate, providing valuable
information to the public on firms that have participated in the program and
demonstrated an acceptable level of accuracy in measuring radon levels.
EPA will also continue to support development of standards under the Clean Air
Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and other legislative authorities. Field studies used
to form the basis of risk assessments and associated risk management decisions will
be continued. An integrated risk assessment of two Idaho communities that have
elemental phosphorus plants in their environs will be completed. In confortiance
with a Federal Register notice.
R-23
-------
Support will be provided for a special rulemaking addressing the problem of
the 1n-tank solidification of high-level radioactive waste at the Hanford,
Washington DOE facility.
EPA will maintain fully-equipped emergency response capabilities at two field
locations. The Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System will collect and
analyze samples of air, precipitation, and milk in a nationwide network to deter-
mine ambient radiation levels. The network maintains a preparedness to monitor the
environment in the event of a large-scale release of radioactive effluents, such as
that which results from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices, or a major nuclear
reactor accident. The quality assurance program will be operated to ensure accuracy
of all laboratory measurements and data analyses conducted either in-house or
through program contracts. In addition, limited support to States, other Federal
agencies, and other parts of EPA will continue in the form of radiochemical analyses,
technical assistance, and EPA participation in the Conference of Radiation Control
Program Directors. Monitoring of radiation levels in the Three Mile Island area
will be reduced In anticipation of completion of the removal of the reactor core.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,542,800 supported by 84.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,292,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,250,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, EPA continues implementation of the Radon Action Program in order to
develop State self-sufficiency, providing 28 FTE and $3,000,000 in contract dollars.
Further, State assistance is provided in the design and conduct of surveys to
identify areas with high levels of radon. Final design of the national survey
will be completed and the survey initiated. Technical assistance continues to
support States in the measurement, diagnosis, evaluation, and mitigation of elevated
radon levels in existing homes. EPA also continues to provide Information about
remediation, preventive practices, and health risks to State and local agencies
and the general public through fact sheets and informational brochures.
In addition to the Radon Action Program, other activities include: continued
laboratory and technical -support to regulation and guidance development, mainten-
ance of an emergency response capability, coordination of EPA Regional Office
review and testing of State emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA
offices and to State radiological programs, and conduct of the Environmental Radia-
tion Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Ocean disposal monitoring activities
continue for the development of ocean disposal technical radiation criteria 1n
support of the Agency's low-level waste ocean disposal regulation.
1987 Explanation of .Chan9es_jfrQm_the Enacted^ Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $8,267,700 and 82.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,277,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $3,990,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1986 EPA initiated a Radon Action Program, a comprehensive radon assessment
and mitigation effort to identify the extent of the health hazard associated with
elevated radon levels in structures. Principal activities included the development
of standardized measurement methods to determine radon levels, design and operation
R-24
-------
of a Radon Measurement Proficiency program to provide Information on the accuracy
of public and private groups using these methods, and publication of "A Citizen's
Guide to Radon." Particular emphasis was placed on the Reading Prong areas of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York.
Other activities in 1986 included: continued laboratory and technical support
to regulatory and guidance activities, maintenance of an emergency response capabi-
lity, coordination of EPA Regional Office review and testing of State emergency
response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to State radiological programs,
and support for ERA16,
R-25.
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Interdisciplinary
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table ofContents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
I ntermedi a Programs 1-7
Scientif 1 c Assessment ,....,,..... 1-12
Technical Information and Liaison................. 1-12
Quality Assurance Management 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program 1-14
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-17
Interdisciplinary Training Grants... 1-21
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-25
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement X Compliance Monitoring 1-28
Enforcement Policy & Operations 1-29
Criminal Investigations Program., 1-31
1-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Interdisciplinary
$25,842.5 $27,225.2 $28,397.4 $29,164.0 $29,051.6 -$112.4
$6,420.6 $5,133.7 $6,133.7 $6,133.7 $7,349.4 +$1,215.7
$22,873.2 $15,516.0 $20,918.7 $21,585.4 $18,207.5 -$3,377.9
$55,136.3 $47,874.9 $55,449.8 $56,883.1 $54,608.5 -$2,274,6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
503.9 544.3 576.7 584.0 602.2 +18.2
550.1 570.0 609.5 616.8 602.2 -14.6
$52,678.0 $52,466.7 $57,888.8 $58,725.4 $56,174.2 -$2,551.2
All authorization, except Research and Development, 1s by virtue
of the Appropriations Act. The Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Authorization Act expired September 30, 1981, and
reauthorlzation is pending.
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary Program is
composed of several activities that cut across programmatic lines and are not
readily assignable to a specific media. These programs address environmental
concerns that affect several media and require an interdisciplinary approach. The
Interdisciplinary Program includes the Intermedia Research Program within the
Research and Development function, the Federal Agencies Compliance Program and the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Compliance Program within the Abatement
and Control function, and the legal aspects of the Agency's enforcement efforts.
The Intermedia Research Program consists of five major activities: scientific
assessments, technical information and liaison, exploratory research, quality
assurance management and regulatory support. The Scientific Assessment Program
has responsibility for developing uniform risk assessment guidelines for Agencywide
application, assuring consistency of approach to guidelines, and coordinating with
other agencies through the Risk Assessment Forum. The Technical Information and
Liaison Program sends technical and scientific information from the Office of
Research and Development (ORD) with an emphasis on communicating cost-effective
methods for complying with EPA's regulations. The Exploratory Research Program
provides long-range exploratory research, conducted primarily through grants and
academic research centers. It includes the Distinguished Visiting Scientist Pro-
gram. The Quality Assurance Program provides centralized guidance and management
for Agencywide Quality Assurance activities, and performs audits to assess the
effectiveness of the Agency's Quality Assurance efforts. The Regulatory Support
program continues to ensure that Agency regulation development is consistent with
current technical and scientific research findings.
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA,);
Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and Executive Order 12088 - Federal Compliance
with Pollution Control Standards; and includes four program activities. The NEPA
Compliance program assures EPA's actions comply with the intent of NEPA. This
includes reviews that are the functional equivalent for those Agency programs that
are not specifically covered by NEPA. The Federal Facilities Compliance program
oversees Federal compliance with all Federal statutory environmental requirements,
and specifically with Executive Order 12083. The Environmental Review program
ensures that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309
of the Clean A1r Act. The Indians program develops and implements policies for
dealing with environmental problems on Indian reservations.
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA enforce-
ment for all non-Superfund media to assure the most effective possible stewardship
of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they contribute to the protection of
environmental quality. To accomplish this goal, it establishes compliance monitor-
ing and enforcement priorities, policies, and procedural guidelines so that enforce-
ment actions are properly selected and prepared; establishes measures for and
monitors performance in achievement of enforcement outcomes; and assures that
policies and procedures are correctly implemented by the media enforcement programs
and Regional offices. It conducts all legal case development, litigation, and
adjudicatory hearing activities for media enforcement programs, including oversight
of evidence gathering, preparation and management of cases, and referral of cases
to the Department of Justice for litigation.
1-3
-------
In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal investigations
effort which entails investigation, preparation, and referral of cases involving
criminal violations of environmental statutes, . Investigators and attorneys pro-
vide support to the Department of Justice during subsequent investigations and
litigation of these cases. The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC)
provides specialized technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case pre*
paration activities. NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for com-
plex investigations, which have a national impact on environmnental enforcement.
In 1988, this interdisciplinary program will emphasize the support and resolution
of ongoing cases in order to maximize environmental benefits by improving compliance
with environmental statutes. This program will be increasing its support of the
Hazardous Waste Program.
1-4
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Budget Current Increase +
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 vs. 1987
Enforcement Actions
Inspections*
Notices of Violations*.
Administrative Orders.. Z,519 2,452 2,971 2,619 -352
Civil Cases
Ongoing 176 163 163 171 +8
New 335 210 237 283 +46
Criminal Cases
Investigations 123 100 83 83 0
Referrals to DOJ 41 38 47 47 0
Permit Support
RCRA 125 77 296 457 +161
NPDES. 423 104 274 433 +159
UIC 657 659 515 505 -10
* No Interdisciplinary action, see specific media for these outputs.
1-5
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECT60M TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
TableofContents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
I ntermedi a Programs 1-7
Sc1 ent 1 fi c Assessment 1-12
Technical Information and Liaison 1-12
Quality Assurance Management.......... 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program 1-14
1-6
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment
Interdisciplinary
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Hanagement
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$761.4
$359.7
$1,121.1
$1,973.2
$1,043.5
$3,016.7
$690.4
$1,094.2
$1,784.6
*
$782.6
$800.0
$1,582.6
$1,743.4
$71&.0
$2,459.4
$809.1
$400.0
$1,209.1
$1,192.6
$905.2
$2,097.8
$2,029.6
$681.0
$2,710.6
$809.1
$398.2
$1,207.3
$1,236.3
$887.0
$2,123.3
$2,453.7
$666.6
$3,120.3
$807.7
$1,089.0
$1,896.7
$1,220.9
$934.0
$2,154.9
$2,090.8
$699.3
$2,790.1
$833.3
$890.8
$1,724.1
-$15.4
$47.0
$31.6
-$362.9
$32.7
-$330.2
$25.6
-$198.2
-$172.6
Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$811.0 $538.0- $538.0 $838.2 $553.4 -$284.8
$20,375.8 $13,600.0 $18,934.3 $18,942.8 $15,683.4 -$3,259.4
TOTAL $21,186.8 $14,138.0 $19,472.3 $19,781.0 $16,236.8 -$3.544.2
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
$4,236.0 $3,873.1 $4,569.3 $5,335.9 $4,698.4 -$637.5
$22,873.2 $15,516.0 $20,918.7 $21,585.4 $18,207.5 -$3,377.9
Intermedia Programs TOTAL $27,109.2 $19,389.1 $25,488.0 $26,921.3 $22,905.9 -$4,01b.4
-------
I
3D
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Interdisciplinary
Technical Information &
Liaison
Quality Assurance
Management
Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Interdisciplinary
Technical Information 8
Liaison
Quality Assurance
Management
Exploratory Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 " 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
*
14.2 14.4 23.1 23.1 23.1
26.6 16,8 22.4 24.4 33.8 9.4
10.7 . 13.2 14.6 14.6 14.6
15.6 9.9 9.3 14.6 9.3 -5.3
67.1 54.3 69.4 76,7 80.8 4.1
16.6 14.4 23.1 23.1 23.1
29.2 28.4 33.8 35.8 33.8 -2.0
11.8 13.6 14.6 14.6 14.6
15,6 9.9 9.3 14.6 9,3 -5.3
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
TOTAL HORKYEARS
73.2
66.3
80.8
88.1
80.8 -7.3
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment
1988: o Proposed guidelines for making and using exposure measurements (Scientific
Assessment)
o Final technical support documents for risk assessment of chemical mix-
tures, model selection criteria for exposure assessment, and the role of
metabolism in exposure assessment (Scientific Assessment)
1987: o Report on risk assessment for mixtures of chlorinated dioxins and furans
(Scientific Assessment)
o Implementation program for risk assessment guidelines (Scientific Assess-
ment)
o Workshops on pharmacokinetic models, carcinogen risk assessment research
needs, and arsenic (Scientific Assessment)
1986: o Final guidelines for assessment of risk from carcinogens, mutagens, devel-
opmental toxicants, chemical mixtures and estimation of exposures (Scien-
tific Assessment)
o Report on neoplastic nodules (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 3i Technology Transfer
1988: o Workshops to assist States 1n the regulation of toxic pollutants 1n air
(Technical Information)
o Workshops to assist States in siting, design and monitoring of under-
ground injection control Class V wells (Technical Information)
1987; o Handbook to assist States in the regulation of toxic pollutants 1n air
(Technical Information)
o Seminars to provide guidance on the implementation of the revised National
Primary Drinking Water regulations (Technical Information)
1986; o Handbook on Trial Burn Data for Hazardous Waste Incinerators (Technical
Information)
o Seminars on technologies to decrease contaminant levels for Drinking Water
Health Advisories (Technical Information)
Objective 4; Regulatory Support
1988: ° Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency regulatory develop-
ment process (Regulatory Support)
1987; o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency regulatory develop-
ment process (Regulatory Support)
o Report to Congress on Indoor air quality research (Regulatory Support)
o Analysis of risk assessment methodology for Superfund Hazard Ranking
System regulation (Regulatory Support)
1986: o Analysis of and workshop on state-of-the-art leak detection for under-
ground storage tanks (Regulatory Support)
o Analysis for the regulatory options/selection process (Reg. Support)
1-9
-------
Objective 5:Manage the Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
_1988: o Revision of guidance on data quality objectives (QA Management)
o Continuation of Audit Program for data quality (QA Management)
o Continuation of Management Systems Audit Program (QA Management)
19_8_7_l o Implementation of Audit Program for data quality (QA Management)
o Review of Quality Assurance Program Plans (QA Management)
o Policy guidance for developing data quality objectives (QA Management)
1986: o Review of Quality Assurance Program plans {QA Management)
o Management systems audit of Regional Programs (QA Management)
o Guidance for data quality objectives developed (OA Management)
Objective 6: Manage/Implement the Exploratory Grants and Centers Program
1988: o Solicitation of 1989 research grants proposals (Exploratory Research)
o Annual reports on Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory Research)
o Bibliography of research grant published articles (Exploratory Research)
1987: o Solicitation of 1988 research grants proposals (Exploratory Research)
o Annual reports on Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory Research)
1986: o Award of 59 new research grants (Exploratory Research)
o Publication of 99 technical articles in refereed journals (Exploratory
Research)
Objective 7: Manage/Implement the_JP1_sttniguishejCt....V1s1t1ng Scientists Program
1988: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1989 Visiting
Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
«
1987: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1988 Visiting
Scientists program (Exploratory Research)
1986: o Selection of 5 new scientists or engineers for the Program (Exploratory
Research)
o Publication of 1986 Fellows Annual Report (Exploratory Research)
1-10
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $22,905,900 supported by 80.8 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $4,015,400 and a decrease of 7.3 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $4,698,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$18,207,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
Pj'pgram Description
The Intermedia budget subactivity consists of those ORD programs which cross
all media. These are Uniform Risk Assessment, Technical Information and Liaison,
Regulatory Support, Quality Assurance Management, and Exploratory Research.
Objective 1: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment. This activity provides Agency-
wide guidance to perform exposure "and risk'"" assessments. These guidelines are
intended to assure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles and
information.
Objecti ve 2: Techni cal Information^ProductManagement. This program manages
the development of ORD'sscientiffc and" technicalinformation products to ensure
they are properly and efficiently planned, controlled, distributed and of high
quality.
Objective 3: Technology Transfer. These activities support the Stevenson-
Wyd1e r Tech no!ogy In no vat i on Act [P I- 96-480) by providing States and localities
technology and technical data needed to meet their regulatory responsibilities.
Objective4; Regulatory Support. This activity coordinates available scien-
t1 fie "data with proposed regulations in order to ensure that all regulatory deci-
sions are based on the most current technical information.
Objective 5: Manage theAgency Mjmdjrtory Quality Assurance Program. This
program provides policy di"reefion, management guidance a?J3 oversight for the
Agency's quality assurance program.
Obj_ectj_ye__6j Manage/Implement Exploratory Grants and Centers Program. The
grantsTpnogranTfunds individual investigator-initiated research in areas of concern
to the Agency through an open, competitive, peer-reviewed evaluation process. The
long-term exploratory research centers will focus on multf-disciplinary research 1n
eight topic areas. In addition, the Senior Environmental Employment Program and
the Minority Institutions Support Program are managed under this objective.
Objecti ve 7: Manage/Imp!ement Pi stlngui shed Vi siting Scientists Program. This
objective develops and implements programs to strengthen and enhance the quality
of the Agency's research programs through the exchange of scientists and the grant-
ing of awards for scientific achievement. The major activity is the senior Visit-
ing Scientists program, which enables accomplished scientists to conduct research
at ORD laboratories.
Object|ye 8; Manage/Imp!ement the Small Business Innovative^es^jrch^^SBIjt)
Program.TRis program supportsimplementation of the SmallBusiness thnovation
Development Act (P.L. 97-219), which requires the Agency to award 1.25 percent of
its extramural research budget to small business concerns which conduct innovative
research.
1-11
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,154,900 supported by 23.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,220,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $934,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $15,400 and an increase of $47,000, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The net increase reflects enhanced support for ensuring
integrated risk assessments,
Assure Uniform Risk Assessment, In 1988 this program will submit, for public
comment and SAB review, guidelines for health assessment of toxicants to the male/
female reproductive system. Two technical support documents for exposure assessment
will be completed. Funds will be used to operate the Risk Assessment Forum, which
promotes consensus on risk assessment issues and ensures that this consensus is
incorporated into appropriate risk assessment guidance. Increased funds will also
be used to support the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), a computer-based,
electronically transmitted catalogue of Agency risk assessment and risk management
information on chemicals.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,123,300 supported by 23.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,236,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $887,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The Risk Assessment Forum is continuing to review risk assessments, as
well as provide the Agency with revised and updated guidelines for conducting risk
assessments. The IRIS chemical information system will become widely available
and system documentation will be completed. IRIS provides users with a centralized
location for the voluminous toxicity and regulatory information that bears upon
each chemical in an assessment.
1987 Explanation of Changes from theEnactedLevel
The net increase of $25,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammlngs. (+$25,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $43,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $18,200 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a ,total of $1,121,100 supported by 16.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $761,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $359,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, risk assessment guidelines on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, chemical
mixtures, developmental toxicants §nd exposure were published and the IRIS chemical
information system was made available to the Regions and States on a test basis.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,790,100 supported by 33.8 total workyears,
of which $2,090,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $699,300
1-12
-------
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $362,900 and an increase of $32,700, respectively, and a decrease of 2.0 total
workyears. The net decrease in this program is offset by an increase in technology
transfer activities under the Superfund program.
Technical Information_Product.Management. In 1988, the Center for Environ-
mental Research Information (CERI) will continue to track, process, and distribute
all ORD reports, develop special reports as needed and produce all ORD project
summaries and review them for policy implications. Activities will include pro-
cessing reports and journal articles to the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), reviewing and controlling the quality of project summaries, and printing
and distributing ORD information products. In 1988, CERI estimates it will receive
1,400 reports for processing to NTIS.
Technology Transfer. ORD disseminates technical data in response to requests
from theEPA program offices, the EPA regional offices, States, and private indus-
try. These activities will be carried out in support of the Stevenson-Wydler Tech-
nology Innovation Act. Activities will include the design, production, quality
control, and distribution of materials such as design manuals, users' guides,
handbooks, and workshops.
Regu1 atory Support. In 1988, the program will continue to coordinate the
availa₯le sci enti fYcdata with proposed regulations. This will ensure that all
regulatory decisions are based on the most current technical information. Respon-
sibilities include participation in Agency regulatory workgroups, reviewing option/
selection packages, and analysis of regulatory requirements.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,120,300 supported by 35.8
total workyears for this -program, of- which $2,453,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $666,600 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. CERI activities in 1987.include tracking, processing, and distributing
all ORD reports, developing special reports as needed, and producing ORD summaries.
Technology transfer activities include the production of technology transfer tools
for the program offices and the Regions. Regulatory support activities include
ensuring technically sound development of Agency regulations.
1987 Explanation of Changesfromthe Enacted Level
The net increase of $409,700 results from the following actions:
-Reprogranfiings. (+409,700) Several reprogranmrings were made to this activi-
ty wh 1 ch we re not re po rt ab1e under the Congressional reprogramrning limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $424,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $14,400 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
198fi Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,016,700 supported by 29,2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,973,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,043,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments in 1986 included processing of over 1,300 documents to NTIS.
Approximately 400 project summaries were produced and distributed and over 30,000
requests for publications were answered.
1-13
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QUALITY ASSURANCE MANABEHENT
1988ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $1,724,100 supported by 14.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $833,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $890,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $25,600 and a decrease of $198,200, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The overall decrease reflects the completion of
quality assurance audits conducted in 1987.
Hanage ^theAgency Mandatory^ Quality Assurance Program. In 1988, program
offices, regionaloffices andORDlaboratories will continue to implement quality
assurance procedures consistent with Agency policy to ensure that data generated by
EPA are reliable, valid and accurate. This program includes ongoing review of QA
Program Plans, revision of guidance on Data Quality Objectives, support for develop-
ment of Data Quality Objectives, continuation of Management Systems Audits, imple-
mentation of alternative laboratory quality control procedures, and continuation
of a program to audit data quality.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,896,700 supported by 14.6
total workyears for this program, of which $807,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,089,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Quality assurance activities in 1987 involve the implementation and
evaluation of programs to support the development of Agency data of known and
acceptable quality.
1987 Ex pianat1on of Cha nges frpm the Enacted Le vej
The net increase of $689,400 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramnrings. (+$689,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $1,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of $690,800 to the Research and Development appro-
priation,
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,784,600 supported by 11.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $690,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,094,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Accomplishments in 1986 included the review of Quality Assurance Program Plans,
development of guidance on Data Duality Objectives, performance of Management
Systems Audits, and development of alternative procedures for measurement methods
validation and laboratory quality control techniques.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM
*
19R8ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $16,236,800 supported by 9.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $553,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $15,683,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents decreases of $284,800 and $3,259,400, respectively, and a decrease
1-14
-------
of 5,3 total workyears. The decrease reflects a focusing of new grant awards
under the Exploratory Grants program on areas of highest priority to the Agency's
program offices.
Hanage/Implgnient Exploratory Research Grants and1 Centers Program. AppUca-
tions from individual researchers win contlnue to be received",peer revlewed and
analyzed for relevance to EPA's mission and priorities. The program will emphasize
continued Improvement 1n quality of research, coordination with the Agency's re-
search planning process, dissemination of results from completed grants, and coordi-
nation with other Federal agencies. Seminars and workshops featuring the completed
work of grantees will continue in Agency laboratories and at other locations
around the country.
The Centers program will support studies in areas of high priority to the Agency
such as groundwater and hazardous waste control technologies. Management attention
in the eight operating centers will focus on new trends and discoveries coming from
ongoing research studies. An annual report will summarize the activities and
accomplishments of the centers. Symposia, workshops and publications in refereed
journals ensure that information learned from center studies is shared.
Manage/Ijnj^Temetrt_ pistlngvlshed Visiting Scientists Program. This program,
designed to enable distinguishedscientistsT and engineers to work in ORD laborator-
ies, will continue as in 1987. Eminent scientists and engineers will collaborate
with their counterparts in ORD laboratories on relevant areas of research.
Manage/Implement.the Small JBuslness Innovative Research (SBIR) Program. In
1988, resources forSffTl have been included in the Exploratory Research Core Program.
The SBIR program will require EPA to award 1.25 percent of the extramural research
budget In 1988 to small business concerns conducting innovative research.
1987 Program
In 1987,. the Agency is allocating a total of $19,781,000' supported by 14.6
total workyears for this program, of which $838,200 Is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,942,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. In 1987, the Grants and Centers Program Is continuing to award research
grants and manage the academic research centers to support the Agency's long-term
research needs. The Visiting Scientists Program is continuing to enable outside
scientists and engineers to conduct research in ORD laboratories.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from theEnacted level
The net increase of $308,700 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$308,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net Increase of $300,200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of $8,500 to the;Research and Development appropri-
ation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $21,186,800 supported by 15.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $811,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $20,375,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, the Exploratory Research program reviewed 405 grant proposals, awarded 59
new grants and continued support for 49 grants. The Visiting Scientists program
sponsored the work of nine researchers in ORD laboratories to strengthen EPA's
scientific basis for regulatory decision making.
1-15
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONHENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ABATEHENT * CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-17
Interdisciplinary Training Grants.,,.,. 1-21
1-16
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
PROGRAM
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries & Expenses $4,907.2 $4,851.1 $4,700.0 $4,700.0 $4,783.7 $83.7
Abatement Control and $3,875.9 $3,078.4 $3,078.4 $3,078.4 $5,407.9 $2,329.5
Compliance
TOTAL $8,783.1 $7,929.5 $7,778.4 $7,778.4 $10,191.6 $2,413.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,907.2 $4,851.1 $4,700.0 $4,700.0 $4,783.7 $83.7
Abatement Control and $3,875.9 $3,078.4 $3,078.4 $3,078.4 $5,407.9 $2,329.5
Compliance
Environmental Reylew TOTAL $8,783.1 $7,929.5 $7,778.4 $7,778.4 $10,191.6 $2,413.2
and Coordination
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination
TOTAL PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Environmental Review
and Coordination
TOTAL HORKYEARS
114.2
114.2
120.3
120.3
108.5
108.5
114.5
114,5
108.7
108.7
114.5
114.5
108.7 112.4 3.7
108.7 112.4 3.7
114.5 112.4 -2.1
114.5 112.4 -2.1
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,191,600 supported by 112.4 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $2,413,200 and a decrease of 2.1 workyears from 1987. Of
this request, $4,783,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$5,407,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $83,700 and $2,329,500 respectively.
Program Description
Environmental Review and Coordination -- This activity includes four programs.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Compliance contains resources for assuring
EPA's actions comply with the intent of NEPA and other non-EPA administered environ-
mental laws (such as the Endangered Species Act and the National Historic Preserva-
tion Act). The NEPA Compliance program also provides assistance to other EPA
programs in conducting functionally equivalent analyses.
Federal Facilities Compliance deals with control of pollution at Federal
installations. Under Executive Order 12088, EPA is directed to: (1) provide tech-
nical advice and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that their facilities
comply with pollution control requirements in a cost effective and timely manner,
(2) assist Federal agencies and OHB in developing budgetary plans for controlling
pollution at Federal facilities, and (3) resolve disputes regarding Federal facili-
ties' violations of pollution control requirements through administrative mecha-
nisms. The Federal facility compliance effort is a comprehensive multi-media
program which works with and coordinates the individual single-media programs to
establish one integrated and focused effort, enabling EPA to deal with other Federal
agencies and their pollution control problems in a highly efficient and effective
manner.
Pursuant to NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, the Environmental
Review program reviews and comments publicly on the environmental impact of proposed
projects, regulations, and other major Federal actions. This broad mandate encour-
ages expedited environmental assessment of all Federal projects and activities.
The major objective is to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of Federal
proposals through: (1) effective liaison with other Federal agencies, (2) early
identification of significant environmental issues, and (3) timely review of major
actions.
The Indian Program coordinates the extension of EPA programs to American
Indian reservations. This effort emphasizes coordination of Agency activities and
support of activities designed to improve the environmental management capability
of tribal governments. It includes identification of, and work on, priority Tribal
projects and resolution of legal, policy, and procedural problems hampering EPA's
ability to work with Tribal governments.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,191,600 supported by 112.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,783,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,407,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents increases of $83,700 and $2,329,500 respectively, and a
1-18
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decrease of 2.1 total workyears from 1987. The increases will support Agency re-
sponse to significant or unique intermedia environmental problems and allow the
Agency to address important but localized environmental Issues. The decrease in
total workyears reflects a reduction in the need for NEPA compliance activity.
In 1988 this program will complete ongoing projects and support analyses
for phased, segmented projects under NEPA. Efforts will continue to be directed
toward ensuring that EPA complies with its NEPA requirements. Support will be
continued in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPOES) area due
to the issuance of new source performance standards for oil and gas production
facilities on the Outer Continental Shelf. NEPA compliance resources will continue
to conduct functionally equivalent analyses, particularly in the Toxic Substances
Control Act area.
In 1988 a new Federal Facilities Compliance Strategy will be fully implemented
which utilizes new approaches to compliance and enforcement response. Emphasis
will be placed on management techniques such as environmental auditing. The Agency
will place increased emphasis on advice to Federal agencies on pollution control
methods and requirements, compliance monitoring, and dispute resolution under
Executive Order 12088, especially regarding hazardous waste problems on Federal
installations. The Agency will continue to review and comment on draft and final
Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) and improve coordination with other Federal
agencies with respect to the Section 309 and NEPA review processes.
The Agency will also continue overall "outreach" with Tribal groups, and will
continue implementation of the Agency's Indian program through technical support
and consultation designed to strengthen the environmental management capabilities
of Tribal governments.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,778,400 supported by 114.5
total workyears for this program, of which $4,700,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,078,400 from the Abatement, Control and .Compliance
appropriation. In 1987, the NEPA Compliance program will support NEPA reviews
required for projects eligible for funding under the construction grants program.
It also will provide assistance to delegated state construction grants programs-,
ensure that EPA-issued NPDES new source permits are in compliance with NEPA,
assist EPA's Office of Research and Development and laboratories in meeting NEPA
requirements for research and development projects and assist EPA Regional program
offices in their efforts to comply with other environmental laws and to carry out
reviews equivalent to NEPA.
The Agency will continue to assist Federal agencies in Identifying facilities
needing pollution controls, determining the most cost effective control, and re-
solving disputes surrounding facilities which are out of compliance. The Agency
will also continue to work on the review of environmental impacts of proposed
projects, regulations, and other major Federal actions, as required by both NEPA
and Section 309. The major objective will be to minimize the adverse environmental
impacts of federal proposals by: (1) effective liaison with other Federal agencies,
(2) early identification of significant environmental issues, and (3) timely review
of major actions.
In 1987, technical assistance continues to be provided to selected Indian
tribes with the focus of the Indians program being on priority environmental pro-
blems on reservation lands.
1987 Explanati on of Changes fromJEnacted Level
There Is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1-19
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1986 Accompl1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $8,783,100 supported by 120.3
total workyears for this program, of which $4,907,200 was from.the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,875,900 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The NEPA Compliance program increased emphasis on oversight of
State programs which are doing much of the basic environmental analysis. EPA is
also continuing work on site-specific assessments and EISs, and increasing efforts
in conducting functionally equivalent analyses especially in the hazardous and
toxic waste areas.
The Agency continued its efforts to provide technical advice and assistance
to Federal Agencies to ensure that their facilities comply with pollution control
requirements in a cost effective manner; to review and comment on proposed actions
of other Federal agencies' actions to ensure that public health and the environment
were protected; to improve liaison with other Federal Agencies, and to identify
and resolve environmental concerns on Indian lands.
In FY 1986, the Agency worked to improve the environmental management capability
of Tribal governments, including outreach and technical assistance and resolution
of legal, policy, and procedural problems hampering EPA's ability to work with
tribes.
1-20
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
$1,483.4
TOTAL $1,483.4
$1,483.4
TOTAL $1,483.4
$1,000.0 $1,000.0
$1,000.0 $1,000.0
$1,000.0 $1,000.0
$1,000.0 $1,000.0
-$1,000,0
-$1,000.0
-$1,000.0
-$1,000.0
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1988.
Program Description
This program provided academic and professional training to State and local
environmental personnel in the areas of pollution control and environmental engi-
neering. The program also provided economic support, through fellowships and
training grants, to minority students to allow them to receive academic training
in the environmental field.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1 988 P rog r am Reg ue st
The Agency is not requesting funding for this program in 1988.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total $1,000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In order to
improve accountability, resources for this program were consolidated in one program
element starting in 1987. In' prior years, allocations were distributed among
several program elements. Resources are being used to fund academic and professional
training lathe environmental field.
1987 Explanation of Changes
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompl 1 shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,483,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1986,
38 minority fellowships were awarded under this program.
1-22
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PROGRAM
EPA Disaster Assistance
Salaries & Expenses
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Technical Assistance
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Interdisciplinary
Technical Assistance
TOTAL
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2.5
$2.5
$2.5
$2.5
i
rss
to
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table, .of. Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-25
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement 8 Compliance Monitoring 1-28
Enforcement Policy S Operations 1-29
Criminal Investigations Program... 1-31
1-24
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses $3,238.7 $3,064.1 $3,028.9 $3,028.9 $3,071.0 $42.1
Abatement Control and $879.3 $1,705.3 $1,705.3 $1,705.3 $1,610.9 -$94.4
Compl1ance
TOTAL $4,118.0 $4,769.4 $4,734.2 $4,734.2 $4,681.9 -$52.3
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Salaries & Expenses $12,747.5 $13,475.4 $14,102.5 $14,102.5 $14,438.8 $336.3
Abatement Control and $182.0 $350.0 $350.0 $350.0 $330.6 -$19.4
Compliance
* TOTAL $12,929.5 $13,825.4 $14,452.5 $14,452.5 $14,769.4 $316.9
Criminal Investigation
Program
Salaries S Expenses $710.6 $1,961.5 $1,996.7 $1,996.7 $2,059.7 $63.0
TOTAL $710.6 $1,961.5 $1,996.7 $1,996.7 $2,059.7 $63.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,696.8 $18,501.0 $19,128.1 $19,128.1 $19,569.5 $441.4
Abatement Control and $1,061.3 $2,055.3 $2,055.3 $2,055.3 $l,941.b -$113.8
Compliance
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL $17,758.1 $20,556.3 $21,183.4 $21,183.4 $21,511.0 $327.6
Technical Support
-------
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Enforcement Policy 8
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.3
12.2
62.5
35.0
62.5
62.5
35.0
35.0
61.5 -1.0
268.1 284.0 301.1 301.1 312.5 11.4
35.0
322.6 381.5 398.6 398.6 409.0
10.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
61.8
12.3
62.5
35.0
62.5
62.5
35.0
35.0
61.5 -1.0
282.5 291.7 316.7 316.7 312.5 -4.2
35.0
TOTAL HQRKYEARS
356.6 389;2 414.2 414.2 409.0 -5.2
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,511,000 supported by 409.0 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $327,600 and a decrease of 5.2 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $19,569,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,941,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $441,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a
decrease of $113,800 1n the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
P rogram Desc r1pt 1on
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring The
National Enforcement Investigations Center {NEIC) provides Headquarters and Regional
offices with technical support for litigation development 1n nationally managed
cases, cases with precedential implications, criminal cases, cases with multi-
Regional impacts, cases involving unique technological requirements and complexity,
and cases which exceed a Region's capability and resources. NEIC plans, develops,
and provides technical assistance for civil and criminal cases under all statutes
administered by the Agency.
Enforcement Policy and Operations This program element provides the legal
enforcement andcompnancemonitoring component of Agency enforcement programs
in all non-Superfund media. The Headquarters component is responsible for Imple-
mentation of all aspects of legal enforcement activities in which EPA 1s a plaintiff
and provides consistent direction and coordination of Agency legal enforcement
policies, strategies, and case development activities. In addition, the Head-
quarters component is responsible for oversight of the Agency's compliance efforts,
including establishment of Agencywlde criteria for use in the development of media
specific compliance strategies, the negotiation of compliance and enforcement
commitments, and the overview of the Implementation of strategies and program
objectives. The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring conducts cross
media analyses of Agency compliance and enforcement activities and is a leader in
fostering new compliance and enforcement approaches.
Regional legal resources are used to translate national priorities into a
credible enforcement presence tailored to particular Regional characteristics and
are designed to maintain statutory compliance in the most cost-effective manner.
Consultation is provided to Regional media program clients for development of
effective compliance monitoring and enforcement strategies, including advice on
strategies for use of administrative and judicial remedies. Emphasis is placed on
timely and appropriate enforcement response.to significant violations..and management
of ongoing caseload to achieve equitable resolution and swift return of violators
to compliance. Cooperation with State enforcement agencies in pursuit of timely
and appropriate enforcement remedies and maintenance of an effective Federal
enforcement presence are important goals of this program.
Criminal Investigations This program element provides a nationally directed,
Regi onally i mplemented system for the Investigation and swift prosecution of
suspected criminal violations of environmental statutes. A significant objective
of this program is to act as a deterrent to violation of environmental laws. The
program is operated in close cooperation with comparable State activities, where
they exist.
1-27
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCED NT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,681,900 supported by 61.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,071,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,610,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $42,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, a decrease of $94,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and a decrease of 1.0 total workyear from 1987. The increase
reflects increased technical support costs. The decrease represents reduced
need for contract support.
This program element covers the activities of the National Enforcement Investi-
gations Center (NEIC) with respect to support of all non-Superfund enforcement
actions. In 1988, NEIC will continue to provide case development support In
nationally managed cases having precedential implications, unique technological
requirements, multi-Regional impacts, and resource requirements exceeding Regional
capabilities, NEIC will continue Implementation of rigorous technical compliance
monitoring procedures particularly with respect to groundwater contamination, air
toxics, and municipal and pretreatment compliance. The Agency will also pursue
improved procedures for the development of cases under the Safe Drinking Water Act
with particular emphasis upon protection and restoration of groundwater supplies
and Imminent and substantial endangerment cases. Priority will be afforded to
investigations, cases, and remedial actions having potential for a high degree of
envi ronnental improvement.
NEIC will also continue to provide technical leadership in executing field
and laboratory data analyses in support of special studies involving cross-media
geographic Initiatives. Through the Northeast Hazardous Waste Project, NEIC has
also joined with the Regional offices and the 13 northeastern States to form a
link between the environmental regulatory agencies and the law enforcement entitles
of the member organizations facilitating information transfer.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,734,200 supported by 62.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,028,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,705,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, NEIC's operations are supporting civil and criminal cases potentially
leading to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) prosecutions, development
of computerized information searches for RCRA preliminary investigations, audit
of contract performance of major Department of Defense contractors engaged in
hazardous waste transportation and disposal, and provision of expert testimony in
cases developed 1n prior years. NEIC also provides technical support 1n the effort
to gain control of the Illegal blending of hazardous wastes with domestic fuel oil
burned 1n low temperature boilers.
NEIC support to enforcement of the Clean Water Act 1n 1987 includes laboratory
analysis and technical expert testimony for civil and criminal actions, support of
groundwater protection by providing laboratory analysis and policy reviews, support
of Groundwater Monitoring Task Force evaluations, and conduct of evidence audits
in support of the pretreatment initiative.
NEIC support to the Clean A1r Act Enforcement Program during 1987 includes
laboratory support to enforcement cases; computerized information searches; auto
tampering investigations; and laboratory support to the mobile source lead-in-gas
program.
1-28
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,118,000 supported by 61.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,238,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $879,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In all statutory areas, case preparation activities and technical support to
enforcement actions against significant violators were provided. Particular empha-
sis was placed on support to the RCRA progran. Including auditing contractor per-
formance on hazardous waste transportation and disposal, and work on illegal fuel
blending. Testing for violations of National Emissions Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants continued. The NEIC provided compliance evaluations, performance
audit Inspections, multi-media inspections, and evaluations of major publicly
owned treatment works- suspected of noncompliance, as well as Clean Water Act
case support. Technical assistance was also provided to the pesticides and toxics
enforcement efforts, with particular emphasis on PCB's and management of Confiden-
tial Business Information in Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) case preparation.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests $14,769,400 supported by 312.5 total workyears for this
program, of which $14,438,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $330,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $336,300 in Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of
$19,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 4.2 in total
workyears from 1987. The dollar increase reflects salary and expense cost Increases.
The decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation is due to a
reduced level of support for expert witness activities. The total workyear reduction
will be accommodated by implementation of litigation management Improvements and
from increased use of the direct referral process.
At Headquarters, emphasis will be placed on development and use of enforcement
strategies which capture the benefits of cross-media geographic initiatives, with
particular attention to hazards most threatening to long term public health (e.g.
hazardous waste disposal, toxic substances and groundwater protection). Legal
enforcement resources will be devoted to continued policy development, management
of nationally significant cases and review of major judicial enforcement actions
to insure national consistency of Agency policy and statutory interpretation.
Headquarters will continue expansion of Its program of direct referral of cer-
tain classes of cases to the Department of Justice to avoid any duplicatlve re-
view. Monitoring and assessment of the implementation of enforcement initiatives
begun in 1986 and 1987 and adjustment of policy guidance as needed will continue
(e.g. monitoring State and Federal enforcement relationships, managing the Agency
strategic planning process for compliance and enforcement programs for all media,
and further testing of alternative dispute resolution techniques).
1-29
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Headquarters will continue support to Regions in management of new and ongoing
litigation through policy Interpretation, selective participation in critical
national cases, and management of contract resources. There will be continued
implementation of compliance planning and evaluation functions, with emphasis on
the design of enforcement strategies and initiatives and use of special studies to
assess the current effectiveness of environmental enforcement. Additionally,
stewardship of the Agency's information base on judicial enforcement activity and
exploration of new and better ways to use that information base will continue.
The critical Regional concern 1n 1988 will be management of the ongoing docket,
which has grown in both size and complexity as a result of enforcement initiatives
in recent years. The effectiveness of an enforcement program is heavily dependent
on the ability to bring cases to closure in a timely manner.
The highest Regional priorities in 1988 will be timely and appropriate responses
to newly detected statutory violations (primarily Initiation of administrative or
judicial actions against significant noncempliers) and swift and effective resolu-
tion of ongoing enforcement actions. Statutory priorities will include activities
related to the reauthorized RCRA, underground Injection control permitting and
enforcement, asbestos demolition, PCB's, and the implementation of the amended
Safe Drinking Water Act which established administrative enforcement and penalty
authorities.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,452,500 supported by 316.7
total workyears for this program, of which $14,102,500 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $350,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The thrust of this program in 1987 is the maintenance of vigorous enforcement
and compliance monitoring partnerships with the States to produce maximum environm-
ental results with the most effective combination of national policy direction and
Regional Kne management. Activities at Headquarters Include monitoring of the
legal policy guidance and case management for the criminal Investigation program,
explicit articulation and updating of national enforcement priorities and legal
enforcement policies for major media programs, development and implementation of
enforcement strategies and Initiatives, and operation of the Strategic Planning
and Management System for Agency enforcement operations.
Regional legal enforcement resources are being devoted to resolution of ongoing
judicial and administrative cases, generation of civil referrals most likely to
return significant violators to compliance, and maintaining a credible enforcement
presence. Legal time has been devoted to careful consultation early in the com-
pliance monitoring and enforcement process resulting in the generation of a high
number of enforcement actions which promise major compliance payoffs. To capture
these payoffs, Regional resources are being targeted to the resolution of ongoing
caseload and effective enforcement of the reauthorized RCRA. Swift Implementation
of new authorities under the amended Safe Drinking Water Act will provide the
basis for a major enforcement initiative. Regional legal support is also provided
to the criminal Investigation program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There Is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1-30
-------
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $12,929,500 supported by 282.5
total workyears for this program, of which $12,747,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $182,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Particular emphasis was given to policy development in areas of major statutory
change such as RCRA, testing and expansion of new strategies to support effective
case resolution, and clarification of methods for clearly establishing enforcement
goals and monitoring the status of statutory compliance nationwide. Cross-media
activities begun in 1986 include guidance on ability-to-pay, criteria for environ-
mental auditing in consent decrees, and the Department of Justice-EPA Task Force
on improvement of legal enforcement (numerous projects designed to streamline the
legal enforcement process).
In 1986, Regional legal enforcement resources were devoted to vigorous judicial
and administrative enforcement, with particular emphasis on generating civil
referrals to bring significant noncompliers into compliance and providing an effec-
tive deterrent. In addition, resources were used to support permit review and
appeals in both the water and RCRA programs. Considerable emphasis was placed on
the continued operation of enforcement agreements with States which included
clear articulation of timely and appropriate responses to violations and ground
rules for Federal oversight. In 1986 a total of 335 new civil judicial uses were
referred by Regional legal enforcement staff either to Headquarters or directly to
the Department of Justice.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
1988ProgramRequest
In 1988, the Agency requests a total of $2,059,700 supported by 35.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $63,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. This Increase 1s to cover increased "costs required for
continued national operation of the program.
In 1988, the criminal investigation program will continue to operate as a
national network, with particular emphasis on hazardous waste enforcement, where
there Is likely to be a significant increase in criminal activity due to the
provisions of the reauthorized RCRA. In addition, priority will be given to cases
with the greatest deterrent impact in the areas of air toxics, data falsification
and municipal and pretreatment compliance under the Clean Water Act. The program
will also stress close coordination with administrative and civil judicial enforce-
ment initiatives to maximize the number of significant violators brought into
compliance. This program will continue to work closely with State criminal enforce-
ment efforts through the Northeast Hazardous Waste Coordinating Committee and the
National Association of Attorneys General.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,996,700 supported by 35.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1987, the progran is continuing to reinforce the growing deterrent presence
it achieved in 1936 when fines assessed totaled nearly $2,000,000 and criminal
charges were filed against 94 defendants. Approximately 60 percent of the program's
emphasis is on violations of RCRA; the water program is next with about 20 percent
of the Agency's investigations, followed by toxic substances and the air program
with 10 percent.
1-31
-------
Although the number of criminal referrals is only gradually increasing, the
number of cases producing indictments has increased significantly as has the number
of pleas and convictions. This trend began in 1986 and is expected to continue in
1987 and beyond. Similarly the length of jail sentences is rising and corporations
which have been fined for criminal activity at one facility are taking steps to get
other facilities into compliance to avoid the threat of prosecution.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $710,600 supported by 12.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1986, the program established a firm deterrent presence by assessing
fines of nearly $2,000,000 (approximately triple the 1985 total) and filing
charges against 94 defendents. The program also achieved more timely Indictments
and plea/convictions of referred cases through closer contact with Assistant
U.S. attorneys, better use of appropriate databases, and stronger evidence audit
support.
1-32
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Toxic Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research TS-9
Scientif ic Assessment TS-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance TS-16
Health Effects... TS-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology.. TS-18
Environmental Processes and Effects , TS-19
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance.. TS-22
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants , TS-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration...... TS-25
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification TS-26
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-28
Toxics Integral!on. TS-31
Chemical Testing TS-32
Existing Chemical Review TS-33
New Chemical Review TS-35
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-38
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-40
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-4?
TS-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL BUDGET -ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries S Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$38,338.3 $38,996.9 $38,893.1 $38,675.3 $39,430.7 +$755.4
$84,048.1 $28,875.7 $78',745.7 $31,245.7 $25,702.7 -$5,543.0
$23,074.2 $21,455.1 $20,965.3 $20,540.9 $17,958.3 -$2,582.6
$145,460.6 $89,327.7 $138,604.1 $90,461.9 $83,091.7 -$7,370.2
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
782.9 792.5 801.3 801.3 839.6 +38.3
848.2 858.2 856.1 856.1 839.6 -16.5
$110,420.6 $128,594;4 $137,308.0 $122,652.9 $103,617.1 -$19,035.8
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired
September 30, 1983, and reauthorization is pending.
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted in 1976, provides the
authority and responsibility to protect human health and the environment from
unreasonable risks arising from the manufacture, processing, distribution, use or
disposal of chemicals. TSCA provides many effective options for safeguarding
health and the environment including banning chemicals, controlling production, and
placing conditions on use and disposal. TSCA covers approximately 66,000 chemicals
now in commerce and any new chemicals introduced by industry. TSCA influences the
evolution of chemical technology by encouraging innovation and introduction of safer
substitutes. TSCA also generates data essential for risk-based decisions across the
Agency. The objectives of the 1988 program are to (1) maintain an effective new
chemical review program, (2) maintain a strong focus on significant existing chemical
problems, (3) continue support to Agency priorities under other statutory authori-
ties, (4) continue strong enforcement, and (5) conduct research and development to
provide the scientific tools to implement TSCA.
Prevent Ri sks from New Chemjcal Substances
A major priority in 1988 is to maintain an effective New Chemical Review
program that is responsive to an increasing workload. The Agency is required under
TSCA Section 5 to review all new chemicals within a 90-day statutory timeframe. If
EPA fails to complete these reviews or to take appropriate control actions, poten-
tially hazardous new chemicals may be introduced into commerce. The rate of new
chemical submissions continues to increase each year with 620 submissions received
in 1981 as compared to 2,600 submissions expected in 1988.
Reduce Significant Risks from Existing Chemicals
In 1988, the Existing Chemical program will focus on cross-media chemical
problems where TSCA authorities, TSCA data, and staff expertise can be effectively
used to assess risks. The solution to cross-media problems will often require
action under other statutes. The chemical category approach will be continued.
The Category approach allows the Agency to assess risk potential for groups of
chemicals that are related by structure or use" and improve consistency between new
and existing chemical actions. The program will continue to emphasize the use of
TSCA data gathering authorities to obtain data which other EPA offices as well as
the Office of Toxic Substances can use to make decisions resulting in the reduction
of identified risks.
Assist OthersinAssessing Chemical Risks
In keeping with the Congressional intent that TSCA be an integrating statute
across all of EPA's programs, the Chemical Testing program will focus on data needs
of other offices so that risk reduction actions can be taken under a variety of
Agency authorities. For example, in; 1988 we will finalize health effects and
environmental fate test rules for the Agency's Hazardous Waste program. The program
will also continue to respond to testing recommendations of the Interagency Testing
Committee. Management improvements such as the negotiated consent order- approach
will allow testing to begin more quickly than in the past, resulting in test results
being available for consideration and disposition earlier in the review process.
Scientific quality and technical consistency are major goals of the program's risk
assessment activities which form the basis for risk reduction decisions across the
Agency.
Address Hazards from Asbestos
In 1988, the Asbestos Action program will continue to emphasize technical
assistance to schools. Action will continue under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
TS-3
-------
Response Act to assist local education agencies on asbestos Inspection, control and
abatement. One time grants to States for asbestos training, inspection, certi-
fication, and accreditation will be provided in 1988. This grant program will
enable States to establish asbestos inspector certification and training programs,
Toxic Substances Enforcement
In 1988, the Toxic Substances Enforcement program will continue to maintain
an effective nation-wide compliance monitoring program for all applicable TSCA
regulations. Agency staff will conduct inspections at chemical facilities to
verify compliance with TSCA requirements. The enforcement program increasingly
depends upon the assistance of State agencies which conduct compliance inspection
activities under the terms of cooperative enforcement agreements. These State pro-
grams are limited to enforcing existing chemicals regulations, in particular the
PCB and asbestos rules. A total of 18 States will participate 1n this program in
1988. The Agency is responsible for case development and prosecution of all
violations detected, whether arising from Federal or State Inspections, The Toxic
Substances Enforcement program also conducts the Agency's laboratory data integrity
program. This program involves inspecting private testing laboratories and auditing
in-process and completed tests to verify the data the Agency receives and upon
which it bases significant regulatory decisions.
ResearchandDevelopment
The 1988 Toxic Substances request will continue to provide support for the
implementation of TSCA through the development of engineering release and control
data, development of methods and models to determine the effects of and exposure to
chemicals in the environment, development of exposure monitoring systems,
quality assurance reagents and protocols, and assistance in developing risk ana
exposure assessments.
TS-4
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Enforcement Actions
Laboratory Inspections..
Test Study Audits
Inspections, Sec. 5...,,
PCB inspections*
Asbestos inspections**.
Inspections, Sec. 13,...
Notices of Violation....
Administrative Orders...
Criminal Litigation,,...
Actual
U86
16
65
393
2,371
3,325
452
1,005
1,758
758
9
2
Budget
Estimate
1987
7U
190
320
2,500
2,175
340
700
l,3bQ
750
6
2
Current
Estimate
1987
45
95
455
2,500
2,738
415
700
1,590
825
6
2
Estimate
1988 I
70
190
455
2,220
2,738
415
700
1,705
900
6
2
Increase (+)
Decrease (-}
988 vs. 1987
+25
+95
-280
+115
+75
w*»
* Includes Federal and State inspections
** Includes Federal, State and contractor inspections
TS-5
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Budget Current Increase ( + )
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1986 1987 1987 1988 ly88 vs. 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Existing Chemical Review
Substantial Risk Notices/
FYI s Received 396 400 350 350
Test Studies Received 236 170 125 125
Chemical-Specific Evalua-
tions Underway 63 85 50 30 -20
Category Evaluations
Underway 2 3 2 2
Risk Assessment Completed. 6642-2
Section 6 Rules: Proposed. 43 3 0 -3
Section 6 Rules: Final.(cum) 14 19 15 19 +4
Section 5 SNUR: Proposed. 5331-2
Section 5 SNURS: Final.(cum) 46 8 11 +3
Section 9 Referrals.(cum). 7689+1
Chemical Advisories.(cum). 8 10 11 12 +1
PCS Disposal Permits
Reviewed., (cum) 35 51 55 75 +20
Section 8 Rules: Proposed/
Final 21 15 9 9
New Ghemi cal Revi ew
New-Notices Received
(cum) .8,511 9,901 10,861 13,461 +2,600
New Chemical Control
Actions Taken (cum) 624 705 784 954 +170
No. of New Chemicals
Subject to Proposed SNURs 13 10 8 23 +15
No. of New Chemicals
Subject to Final
SNURs (cum) 15 44 23 45 +22
TS-6
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Chemical Testing
Initial ITC Actions (cum).
Post-Initial ITC Actions
(cum).
Promulgated ITC Actions
(cum)
Other Testing Actions
(cum)
Test Guidelines/GLPs
Published (cum)
Enforcement Actions
Laboratory Inspections....
Test Study Audits.........
Insepctions, Sec, .5,.
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB inspections*
Asbestos inspectors*....
Inspections, Sec. 8..
Inspections, Sec. 13......
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders.,...
Civil Litigation
Criminal Litigation.......
BUDGET
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1986' 1987
93
64
3
7
98
16
65
393
2,371
3,325
452
1,005
1,758
758
9
2
101
58
17
11
100
70
190
320
2,500
2,175
340
700
1,350
750
6
2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
95
71
19
13
104
45
95
455
2,500
2,738
415
70U
1,590
825
6
2
ESTIMATE
1988
INCREASE {+)
DECREASE (-)
1988 vs 1987
103
76
25
19
106
70
190
455
2,220
2,738
415
700
1,705
900
6
2
+8
+5
+6
+6
+2
+25
+95
-280
+115
+75
* Includes Federal and State inspections
** Includes Federal, State and contractor inspections
NOTE: All outputs are incremental unless otherwise stated.
TS-7
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Ta b j e of Cnt ent s
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH S DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research ..... .................. ......... . ......... TS-9
Sc1 entl f 1 c Assessment ...... ............. .. ........ ...... ....... .. TS-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance....... ....... . .......... TS-16
Health Effects ...... ... ....... .. ................... , .......... ... TS-17
Environmental Engineering and Techno! ogy..»». .......... .......... TS-18
Environmental Processes and Effects ................... , ........ .. TS-19
TS-8
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
kO
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research I Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries I Expenses
Research 8 Development
TOTAL
$187.3
$471.5
$658.8
$1,319,3
$4,053.2
$5,372.5
$3,709.9
$8,619.0
$12,328.9
$209.7
$213.0
$422.7
$1,455.9
14,381.1
$5,837.0
$3,402.0
$8,680.0
$12,082.0
' $204.2
, $202.8
$407.0
$1,428.1
$4,296.2
$5,724.3
$3,352.0
$8,344.9
$11,696.9
$204.2
$198.6
$402.8
$1,414.1
$4,186.9
$5,601.0
$3,235.6
$8,287.7
$11,523.3
Environmental
Engineering S
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
8 Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$604.7
$2,864.4
$3,469.1
$5,361.6
$7l066.1
$12,427.7
$618,4
$2,575.0
$3,193.4
$5,288.9
$5,606.0
$10,894.9
$603.0
$2,356.9
$2,959.9
$5,187.4
$5,764.5
$10,951.9
$597.6
$2,210.8
$2,808.4
$5,103.0
$5,656.9
$10,759.9
$209.7
$208.0
$417.7
$5.5
$9.4
$14.9
$1,467.0 $52.9
$3,993.0 -$193.9
$5,460.0 -$141.0
$3,440.4 $204.8
$7,226.9 -$1,060.R
$10,667.3 -$R56.0
$619.5 $21.9
$2,036.6 -$174.2
$2,656.1 -$152,3
$5,322.6 $219,6
$4,493.8 -$1,163.1
$9,816.4 -$943.5
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,182.8 $10,974.9 $10,774.7 $10,554.5 $11,059.2 $504.7
Research & Development $23,074.2 $21,455.1 $20,965.3 $20,540.9 $17,958.3 -$2,582.6
Toxic Substances TOTAL $34,257.0 $32,430.0 ^$31,740.0 $31,095.4 $29,017.5 -$2,077.9
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 .5
Toxic Substances
g Monitoring Systems 5 22.1 23.7 25.8 25.8 25.8
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic 57.7 54.6 61.6 61.6 61.6
Substances
Environmental 10.5 10.0 9.9 9.9 1.1.1 1.2
Engineering 8
technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes 89.8 85.7 85.7 85.7 90.0 4.3
ft Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 182.8 177.5 186.5 186.5 192.5 6.0
-------
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
* Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL HORKYEARS,
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Environmental
3.
24.
62.
11.
4 4.0
2 26.7
7 62.6
1 11.3
4.0
25.8
61.fi
11.1
4.0
25.8
61.6
11.1
4.0
25.8
61.6
11.1
94.9
91.8
91,8
91.8
90.0 -1.8
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
196.3 196.4 194.3 194.3 192.5 -1.8
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Deve1pp.,i.ancl_Vd1_1.da^eMiiiT6_stl Jl5thM? in Support of TSCA Studies
1988: o Report on application of analytical methods for detecting organic com-
pounds in biological tissues (Monitoring)
o Evaluation of the sensitivity of a screening procedure with specific
reproductive toxins (Health)
1987 ; o Report on the developmental toxicity of phenolic congeners (Health)
o Journal article on avian detection and discrimination of chemicals in
feed (Environmental Processes)
o Report on application of analytical methods for detecting organic com-
pounds in biological tissues (Monitoring)
1986: o Report on application of analytical methods for detecting organic com-
pounds in biological tissues (Monitoring)
o Report on techniques for effects and uptake of sediment-associated toxic
chemicals by benthic marine species (Environmental Processes)
o Proceedings of a conference on genetically altered viruses in the envi-
ronment (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 2; ____________ Perform Research on Biological Markers ., Doslmetry and Extrapolation
1988: o Structure activity correlation of the reproductive effects of diazo dyes
administered in utero (Health)
o Evaluation of potential use for biological markers in exposure monitoring
(Monitoring)
1987: o Comparison of tumorigeniclty of 5 mineral fibers by means of intrapleural
innoculation (Health)
1 986 ; o Review and analysis of the literature of select chemicals and establish-
ment of the genetic-toxicity data base (Health)
Objective. ^: Special Human Data Needs
1988: o Report on the feasibility of using monitoring or screening methods to
assess exposure/effect relative to two organ systems (Health)
19R6: o Proceedings of a conference on medical screening and biological monitor-
ing for effects of exposure in the workplace (Health)
Objective _4'_ Perform Ecological Research Incl uding Transport , Fate and Field Val-
idation
_198J;: o Co-metabolism mechanisms in biodegradation (Environmental Processes)
1986: o Project report on screening model to predict body burdens to calculate
risk from toxicant loads (Environmental Processes)
TS-12
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Objective 5: Perform Engineering Research In Support of TSCA
1988: o Study of workplace exposure 1n the polymer processing industry (Engi-
neering)
1987: o Report on the benefits, costs, capability, and limitation of methodolo-
gies for estimating protective clothing performance (Engineering)
1986; o Evaluations of procedures and methodology of asbestos abatement (Engi-
neering)
Objective 6: Perform Exposure
1988; o Interim report on pollutant sources and human exposure to toxic pollut-
ants using total exposure assessment methodology (TEAM) data (Monitoring)
1987; o Report on development and validation procedures for total exposure multi-
media models (Monitoring) »
1986; o Report on development and validation procedures for total exposure multi-
media models (Monitoring)
Pjyff^tjj/j^j^^^ Data
1988: o Comparison of the CHO and mouse lymphoma assay for analyzing structurally
similar compounds (Health)
1987: o Journal article on the genotoxicity of acrylates in cultured mammalian
cells (Health)
1986: o Report on how to use molecular electrostatic potential for risk assess-
ment on chemically induced toxicity for one class of chemicals (Health)
.Objective 8: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
1988: o Insertion of a mouse gene into a baculovirus expression vector: A pre-
liminary step in toxicity testing in mammalian cells (Health)
1987: o Report on studies of DNA recombination to assess the potential for genetic
exchange (Health)
Objective 9: Perform Studies. L^on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
1988; o Computer program for prototype ecological risk assessment system (Environ-
mental Processes)
1987: o Draft environmental risk assessment protocols and guidelines (Scientific
Assessment)
1986; o Work group project reports on environmental risk assessment (Scientific
Assessment)
Objective 10: Provide Support jervices for TSCA Studies
1987: o Annual report on asbestos audit program (Monitoring)
TS-13
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,017,500 supported by 192.5 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $2,077,900 and a decrease of 1.8 total workyears from 1987.
Of the request, $11,059,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $17,958,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase
of $504,700 and a decrease of $2,582,600, respectively.
Program Descri pt i on
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Toxic Substances
{OTS) by providing the scientific tools and supporting information needed to imple-
ment the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Objective 1. Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This
research develops and validates health and environmental testing protocols to be
incorporated into TSCA Section 4 guidelines, risk assessment methods, and analyt-
ical methods for identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants.
Objective 2.Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation. Th i s research develops methods for exit rapolat1rig from hi gh to Tow
doses between mammalian species to enhance risk assessment predictability and
capability. Research also focuses on developing biomonitoring techniques and
applying biochemical indicators of exposure and effects to the study of populations
exposed to toxicants.
Objective 3. Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs. This activity
focuses on investigations of human populations exposed to environmental pollutants.
Objective 4. Perform Ecological Research Including Transport,Fatej and
Field Validation."This researchfocuses ondeveloping and conductingexposure and
hazard assessments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia environments. Work
focuses on inclusion of identified transport and transformation processes, pathways
of exposure, population characteristics, environmental features and hazard assess-
ment techniques.
Objective 5. PerformEngineeringResearch in Support of TSCA. Research in
this areafocuses on thedevelopment ofmodelsto predict the release of and expo-
sure to new and existing chemicals. This research addresses those classes of
chemicals for which the Agency does not have adequate information on the degree to
which existing control systems limit their release, resulting in more effective
Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) decisions.
Objective6. Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research estab-
1 ishes the environmenta1! methods data bases anHstatistical tools to improve
exposure monitoring for OTS, Multimedia monitoring methods, sample designs and
data analysis techniques are also designed and tested to support human exposure
monitoring programs for regulatory concerns about chemical mixtures.
Objective 7. Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. These efforts
develop predictive methods (structure activity relationships) to provide a tool
for determining whether new chemicals pose unreasonable risk or require further
testing.
TS-14
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ObjectIve8. Perform Research on Biotechnology and Hicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents.Research in this area develops methods to assessthe potential
health and environmental hazards of biotechnology products. Additionally, methods
are being developed to contain and destroy genetically engineered organisms fron
manufacturing processes.
Objective 9. Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Ass es sment Protpeg1s. This research focuses on development of methodologies and
model's to determine risks posed to ecosystems by exposure to environmental pollu-
tants. The program is currently developing environmental risk assessment protocols
for both aquatic and terrestrial systems which will be used in evaluating risks from
both new and existing chemicals.
Objective 10. Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. This research
provides support for risk and exposure assessment, quality assurance, dissemination
of reference standards and quality assurance reagents as well as expert consulta-
tion on problems associated with the evaluation of PMN chemicals and other toxic
substances.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $417,700 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $209,700 will be for Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $208,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents increases of $5,500 and $9,400, respectively, and no change in total work-
years.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. The 1988 Scientific
Assessment program will continue to develo]p rTsF and exposure assessment methods
in support of TSCA, as well as enhance efforts to reduce uncertainties in risk
assessments. . .
PerformStudieson Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.Scientific assessmentsupportwillcontinuefor the development of
environmental risk assessment protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Provide Support Servlcesjfxir TSCA Activities. Scientific assessment support
will continue for preparationT^consultation and review of OTS generated assessments
of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and exposure.
These activities will support decision making under the TSCA existing chemicals
program, PMN review, and test guidelines development.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $402,800 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $204,200 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $198,600 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program is continuing to provide support for preparation and review of
risk and exposure assessments, development of assessment methods, as well as efforts
to develop protocols for environmental risk assessments. Particular emphasis is
being given to the development of risk assessment procedures for non-cancer end-
points and reducing uncertainties in risk assessments.
TS-15
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1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $4,200 results from the following action:
-Reprogranm|nj. (-$4,200) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was notreportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $4,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $658,800 supported by 3.4 total work-
years for this program, of which $187,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $471,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation. In
1986, methods were developed for extrapolating male rodent reproductive toxicity
data to humans.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,460,000 supported by 25.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,467,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,993,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $52,900 and a decrease $193,900, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation reflects the initiation of monitoring research in the biomarkers area. The
decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects the completion of
the initial phase of development for the Exposure Methods Test Site (EMTS).
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Research will develop and
evaluatebiological and chemicaltechniques to identify and quantify pollutants in
both humans and the environment. Analytical techniques will be developed to detect
'pollutants 1n foods and inmunochemlcal procedures will be evaluated. This research
will provide techniques for accurate monitoring of exposures to toxic chemicals.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Poslnietry and Extrapolation.
New researchwill evaluatethe use of biomarkers as indicators ofhuman exposure
to complex organic compounds and as a means of integrating exposures from multiple
routes. Biomonitoring techniques will also be developed to quantify exposure to
toxicants,
Perform Exposure Honltorlng_ Research. Research in this area will develop
monitoring systems to estimate miman exposure to pollutants via multiple pathways.
Statistical tools and data analysis techniques will be developed to conduct sur-
veillance and total exposure monitoring and model pollutant exposure and to produce
predictive techniques. This research will Improve exposure assessment capabilities
for regulatory efforts. ' L
Perform Researchon Biotechnolpgy and Hicrobial and Biochemical PestControl
Agents"! Research in this area will be conducted to evaluate and standardize moni-
toring systems for the release of genetically engineered microorganisms in the
environment.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Act1yttles. Monitoring and quality assur-
ance supportwillcontinue for the productionof reference standards and quality
assurance reagents in environmental and biological matrices for routine monitoring
systems. Duality assurance guidelines will be produced for survey design, sample
collection and analysis and for dietary exposures. Laboratory audits will be con-
ducted and guidelines will be developed to evaluate total exposure models.
TS-16
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1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,601,000 supported by 25.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,414,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,186,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program is continuing support for exposure monitoring, developing analyt-
ical methods, and providing quality assurance support and standard reference
materials.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $123,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogranmiings. (-$123,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $14,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $109,300 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,372,500 supported by 24.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,319,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,053,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, an annual report was provided on research activities and methods develop-
ment at the Exposure Methods Test Site (EMTS).
HEALTH EFFECTS
1988 PTOJ ram Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,667,300 supported by 61,6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,440,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,226,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $204,800 and a decrease of $1,060,800, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The Increase in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation reflects an enhancement of our in-house programs in test method development
and biomarkers. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects
the completion of several studies In the epidemiology/exposure methods area.
Develop and Validate TestHethods for TSCAStudies- Health research will
continue to develop methodologiesand bioassays to detect and characterize neuro-
toxicity, immunotoxlclty, and reproductive toxicity associated with chemical expo-
sures. Methods will be developed to assess the potential for heritable gene muta-
tion. Biochemical and physiological test methods for animal and in-vitro studies
and biochemical Indicators of nerve system damage will also be developed.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dqsimetry andExtrapolation.
This research will provide improved methods for""'extrapolation from animal data to
man for adverse health effects such as neurobehavloral, pulmonary, hepatic and
reproductive dysfunction as well as genetic effects (carclnogenesis and mutagene-
s1s).
ProvideInformationonSpecialHumanData Needs. Research will investigate
population groups exposed to environmental contaminants 'which are suspect toxicants
for particular organ systems to determine if biological indicators of dose and/or
effects are related to environmental levels of exposure. Results will be compared
to effects measured by traditional methods.
TS-17
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DevelopStructure Activity Relationships Data. Structure Activity Relation-
ships methodsand scientific data bases will be developed to allow for accurate
prediction of carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of chemicals based on structural,
physiochemical, topographical, mechanistic and electronic parameters.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Htcroblal and BiochemicalPest Control
Agents"^ReaTth research studieswill be continued to determinethe geneticsta-
oility and function of a baculovirus expression vector in vertebrate cells.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,523,300 supported by 61.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3»235,6QQ 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,287,700 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1987 program is continuing to provide support for the development
of test methods in support of TSCA Section 4 test guidelines and to perform
research on extrapolation and biological markers.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $173,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammlngs. (-$173,§00) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $116,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $57,200 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $12,328,900 supported by 62.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,709,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and'$8,619,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Among other outputs in 1986 was the publication of several journal articles on the
development of techniques to evaluate heritable gene mutations.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,656,100 supported by 11.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $619,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,036,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $21,900 and a decrease of $174,200, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Research and Development reflects
the completion of a number of studies on release and controls of existing chemicals.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. Engineering efforts will
continue to develop techniques to assess the potential for toxic releases and
exposures from processing and manufacturing of new chemicals. Research will
also provide mathematical models for predicting permeation of liquid chemicals
through common polymer gloves and evaluate ttie degree "of protection from chemicals
given by various respirators. Research will be performed on the treatability of
new chemicals, and alternatives will be identified and evaluated to mitigate release
and exposure of specific existing chemicals,
TS-18
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Perform Research on Biotechnology and Hierobla1 and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents!Research win be conducted to assess the potential for release of process
materials from conventional fermentation process equipment. This information will
contribute to the data base on the release of genetically engineered organisms in
support of the TSCA Premanufacture Notification (PMN) review process.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,808,400 supported by 11.1
total workyears for this program, of which $597,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,210,800 is from the Research and Developmtnt appro-
priation. The 1987 program is continuing to develop information on release and
control measures for new and existing chemicals, including the containment and
destruction of genetically engineered organisms.
1987Explanationof Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $151,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogranpings^. {-$151,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $5,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $146,100 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,469,100 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $604,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,864,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, evaluations were conducted on procedures and methodologies for asbestos
abatement.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,816,400 supported by 90.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,322,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,493,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $219,600 and a decrease of $1,163,100, respectively,
and a decrease of 1.8 total workyears. The decrease in Research and Development
reflects the shifting of resources from toxic substances research to the pesticides
area to support environmental risk assessment.
Develop and Validate Test Methodsfor JTSCA Studies. This research will
continue to develop and evaluate test methods for defTnlSgf toxlcity of chemicals
to aquatic (freshwater and marine), avian, and terrestrial species. Bioavaila-
bility tests for sediment-bound toxics 1n freshwater and estuarine species will
be developed. Such information supports TSCA Section 4 guidelines for testing of
chemicals.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport,Fate and Field Validation.
This research effort willcontinue to provide support for TSCA activitiesthrough
studies of toxicity, and fate and transport of chemicals in aquatic, terrestrial
and air environments. Increases will support evaluation of models in laboratory
scale ecosystems and field situations.
TS-19
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Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. This research will include
the generation of environmental fate and effects data on typical PMN chemical
types, documentation of test results of PMN analogs, and new efforts to develop
structure activity methodologies and other estimation techniques for predicting
fate and effects of chemicals.
PerformResearchon BiotechnologyandMicrobial andBiochemical Pest Control
Agents^Thisresearchwilldevelopmethods,analyticaltechniquesand testing
protocols for estimating survival, fate and effects of genetically altered microbes
and the stability within their genetic pool. Research will also determine the
probable hazards associated with modified microbes used in testing or proposed for
industrial application. This information will aid OTS in reviewing PMN applications
for products of biotechnology. Adequate methodologies for evaluating such organisms
do not currently exist.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Envi ronmental Ri sk Assessment
Protocqls. This research will focus on the development of environmental risk assess-
ment mettiodologies for toxics by integrating exposure and hazard assessment data
to determine the probability of risk to important populations. Aquatic and terres-
trial exposure assessment data for risk and hazard assessment models (relating
single species tests to natural populations) will also continue to be developed.
Availability of environmental risk methods will substantially improve the Agency's
ability to regulate chemicals under Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Actiyities. Envi ronmental process efforts
will continue to support OTS on complex problemsassociated with the evaluations of
PMN chemicals, including products of biotechnology.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,759,900 supported by 91.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,103,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,656,900 1s from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1987 program is continuing the development of test methods in
support of TSCA Section 4 guidelines, research on transport, fate and field valida-
tion, and development of structure-activity relationships data. Work is also
being performed on the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as
well as research to determine the environmental effects of genetically engineered
organi sms.
1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $192,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$192,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under .the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $84,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of $107,600 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $12,427,700 supported by 94.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,361,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,066,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1986, twenty-seven research reports supporting TSCA activities and decisions
were released.
TS-20
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Page Intentionally Blank
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Abatement and
Control
SECTIOH TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance TS-22
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants TS-24
Asbestos-1r»-Schoo1s Program Administration.,. TS-25
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification....... TS-26
Toxic Substances Strategies............. TS-28
Toxl cs I ntegrat 1 on TS-31
Chemical Testing ,. TS-32
Existing Chemical Review TS-33
New Chemical Review TS-35
TS-21
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 198? ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-School -
Abatement Loan And
Grants
Abatement Control and $50,719.8 $42,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $50,719.8 $42,500.0
Asbestos-In-School -
-H Program Administration
i Salaries & Expenses $537.4 $537.4 $537.4 $506.6 -$30.8
K Abatement Control and $5,045.1 $3,500.0 $5,200.U $b,ZOO.O $2,020.0 -$3,180.0
Compliance
TOTAL $5,045.1 $4,037.4 $6,737.4 $5,737.4 $2,526.6 -$3,210.8
Asbestos-In-School -
Contractor and Inspector
Certification Program
Abatement Control and $1,251.6 $5,800.0 $800,0 $800.0
Compl1ance
TOTAL $1,251.6 $5,800.0 $800.0 $800.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $537.4 ' $537.4 $537.4 $506.6 -$30.8
Abatement Control and $57,016.5 $3,500.0 $53,500.0 $6,000.0 $2,820.0 -$3,180.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances - TOTAL $57,016.5 $4,037.4 $54,037.4 $6,537.4 $3,326,6 -$3,210.8
Financial Assistance
-------
TOXIC SUBSTAHCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
198?
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
198?
REQUEST INCREASE *
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.0
11.0
-.2
-.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ro
to
Asbestos-In-SchooT -'"
Program Administration
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 -1.0
12.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 -1.0
-------
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,326,600 supported by 11.0 total workyears,
a decrease of $3,210,800 and 1,0 total workyear from 1987. Of the total requested,
$506,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,820,000 will
be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, decreases of 530,800
and $3,180,000, respectively.
Program Description
The major programs under this subactivity include:
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants -- This program provides financial as-
sistance to public and private schools with demonstrated financial need and severe
asbestos hazards for purposes of undertaking asbestos abatement projects. Funding
for this program is authorized under the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act
(ASHAA) of 1984,
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration The object of this program is
to administeraprogram for assessing the eligibility of applicants for financial
assistance and making grant or loan awards as authorized under ASHAA. In addition,
this program provides technical assistance to individuals and organizations inter-
ested in addressing asbestos hazards. Activities include providing technical
advice (primarily through EPA Regonal offices), working with States to develop State
certification programs for asbestos abatement contractors, and establishing Regional
asbestos information and training centers.
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification -.- This program
provides one-time grants to States to pass enabling legislation and/or establish
asbestos abatement contractor or asbestos inspector certification and training
programs.
ASB ESTOS-1N-SCHOOLS LOANS AND GRANTS
1988 ^Prog ram Request
The Agency is not requesting additional funding to provide asbestos abatement
assistance to schools since previous Federal funding has already greatly reduced
the problem. These activities should now be the primary responsibility of State
and local government.
1987 Program
In 1987i the Agency is allocating no resources for this program. Of the
$50,000,000 appropriated by the Congress for this program in 1987, $47,500,000 will
be proposed for rescission because previous programs have already reduced the pro-
blem. The balance is allocated to the Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration
and Contractor Certification programs. The Asbestos-In-Schools Program Admin-
istration program is opening a fifth information and training center, and staff
will promulgate regulations to implement the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response
Act. The Contractor Certification program will allocate 8 to 12 grants to States.
Summaries of the Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration and Contractor Cert-
ification programs are included in this section.
TS-24
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $42,5UO,000 results from the action:
-Rescission. (-$42,500,000) A rescission of $47,500,000 is proposed for the
As bestos-in-Schools Loan and Grant program.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $50,719,800 for this program, all in the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation.
By July 31, 1986, the Agency had issued funds to 173 public school districts
or private schools for 421 asbestos abatement projects in 295 schools. These pro-
jects should be completed by autumn 1988. In total, approximately $90,000,000 has
been provided since summer 1985 to help 635 needy schools abate severe asbestos
hazards. These EPA-funded projects will eliminate approximately nine million
exposure hours to students and employees each week.
ASBESTOS-iN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADKINISTRATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,526,600 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $506,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,020,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents decreases of $30,800 and $3,180,000 respectively and a decrease of
1.0 total workyear from 1987, due primarily to a reduced need for activities assoc-
iated with implementation of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (ASHAA).
Technical assistance materials and services to schools,and other building
owners will represent more than half of all funding requirements. Regional
American Association of Retired People (AARP) technical assistants will continue
to help schools and other building owners evaluate materials in their facilities
and set priorities for abatement. This, proyram, which now supports about 44 AARP
enrollees, is placing greater emphasis on assisting other building owners. Planned
support for EPA's asbestos information and training centers will decrease, as
three of five present centers are expected to become financially self-sufficient
in 1988. The Agency will continue its commercial/public building case studies
to document successful asbestos control programs now being administered by respon-
sible government and private owners.
A Regional asbestos coordination project, based on a current pilot study in
Region VII, will assess the efficacy of greater integration of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), Asbestos-in-Schools notification
rule enforcement, asbestos technical assistance, and Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act asbestos disposal activities.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total $5,737,400 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $537,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,200,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
A fifth asbestos information and training center will open in January 1987 at
the University of California at Berkeley, in conjunction with the University of
California at Los Angeles. It provides an important training facility on the
Nation's West Coast. EPA is also launching a case study of a major corporate
TS-25
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abatement program to help nonschool building managers properly assess their parti-
cular asbestos problems, design proper control strategies and Implement effective,
responsible abatement programs.
By October 17, 1987, the Agency must promulgate regulations to implement
the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), signed by President Reagan
on October 22, 1986. These regulations will provide a comprehensive framework for
addressing asbestos hazards in schools. The Agency's new Asbestos-In-Schools
Inspection and Abatement Rule will provide national standards for asbestos inspec-
tions, hazard assessment, appropriate response actions, the Implementation and com-
pletion of these actions, periodic surveillance, proper operations and maintenance
procedures, and asbestos management planning by schools. In addition, EPA must
develop for the States a model accreditation program for people who inspect for
asbestos, develop management plans, and conduct abatement work.
The Agency is now exploring project alternatives which will (1) assist States
and schools to implement successfully the new regulatory standards on asbestos in-
spection, control, and abatement, (2) help States establish accreditation programs
which govern asbestos Inspections, management planning, and response actions, and
(3) provide technical assistance which will enable schools to develop appropriate,
responsible management plans by 1989 and to complete them in a timely manner.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $5,045,100 for this program, all of which was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Salaries and Expenses
and total workyears were budgeted under the Existing Chemical Review program.
Since 1985, EPA has provided a wide variety of technical assistance services
and materials primarily to schaols to promote effective remedial actions for asbes-
tos and strengthen education and technical assistance programs at the State and
local levels, where asbestos abatement decisions are most appropriate.
Four asbestos information and training centers at Tufts University (Boston),
Georgia Tech (Atlanta), the University of Kansas (Kansas City) and the University
of Illinois School of Public Health (Chicago) have trained approximately 5,000
building owners, managers, school officials, architects, abatement contractors, and
others since the first center received EPA support in 1985. EPA provides funds 1n
decreasing amounts over three years, after which States, localities or private
organizations assume full financial responsibility.
EPA has published several guidance documents identifying proper asbestos
control practices. About 150,000 copies of the Agency's primary guidance document
were distributed free of charge to schools and other buildings owners across the
nation 1n 1986. In addition, trained and experienced AARP inspectors, serving
under Regional Asbestos Coordinators (RACs), answer about 1,200 requests for tech-
nical assistance each month. This helps to reduce asbestos exposure in hundreds of
schools and other buildings nationwide.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR AND INSPECTOR CERTIFICATION
1988 Prog ram Request
The Agency requests $800,000, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents no change from 1987. These funds
will be used for one time grants to States for asbestos inspector certification and
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training programs. The grants, modeled after the Agency's successful State grant
program for contractor certification, will help States pass legislation and estab-
lish programs to ensure adequate inspector training and also ensure that asbestos-
containing material is properly Identified artd addressed 1n an appropriate manner.
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating $800,000 for this program, all of which is from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds will be used for
8 to 12 grants to States for contractor certification or training programs,
1987ExplanationofChangesfrom the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $5,000,000 results from the action:
-Rescission. (-$5,000,000) A rescission of $47,500,000 is proposed for the
Asbestos-in-Schools Loan and Grant program.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $1,251,600 for this program, all of which was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Grants were issued to 20
States and one locality 1n 1986. In 1986, 16 States had active asbestos abatement
certification and training programs. In addition, nine other States passed enabling
legislation for certification and training programs or have such legislation pend-
ing. EPA, through model program development and funding over the past two years, has
greatly facilitated this effort to upgrade and provide a minimum standard for
contractor performance.
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PROGRAM
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ISJ
oo
Toxics Integration
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$421.3
$599.6
TOTAL $1,020.9
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Comp.11 ance
$3,910.1 $3,912,5 $3,901.8
$4,544.4 $4,008.3 $3,958.3
$3,901.8 $4,002.6 $100.8
$3,958.3 $3,725.3 -$233.0
TOTAL $8,454.5 $7,920.8 $7,860.1 $7,860.1 $7,727.9 -$132.2
$7,973.2 $7,856.4 $5,878.0
$10,360.9 $10,104.8 $8,324.8
$5,878.0 $5,318.8 -$559.2
$8,324.8 $6,104.8 -$2,220.0
TOTAL $18,334.1 $17,961,2 $14,202.8 $14,202.8 $11,423.6 -$2,779.2
New Chemical Review
Salaries 8 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
$8,572.7 $9,043.3 $11,029.7
$7,237.2 $7,237.1 $8,837.1
$381.2
TOTAL $15,809.9 $16,280.4 $19,866.8 $19,866.8 $20,248.0 $381.2
$11,029.7 $11,410.9
$8,837.1 $8,837.1
$20,877.3 $20,812.2 $20,809.5
$22,742.1 $21,350.2 $21,120.2
$20,809.5 $20,732.3 -$77.2
$21,120.2 $18,667.2 -$2,453.0
TOTAL $43,619.4 $42,162.4 $41,929.7 $41,929.7 $39,399.5 -$2,530.2
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ro
10
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxics Integration
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Toxics Integration
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
Hew Chemical Review
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
, 7.5
76.7 80.0 78.0 78.0
172.8 166.6 128.6 128.6
187.5 194.6 232.6 232.6
444.5 441.2 439.2 439.2
8.7
82.9 86.0 84.0 84.0
188.8 178.6 140.6 140.6
201.6 209.6 247.6 247.6
482,0 474.2 472.2 472.2
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
84.0 6.0
123.6 -5.0
247.6 15.0
455.2 16.0
84.0
123.6 -17.0
247.6
455.2 -17.0
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request.
The Agency requests a total of $39,399,500 supported by 45b.2 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $2,530,200 and 17.0 total workyears from 1987. Of the
request, $20,732,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$18,667,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $77,200 and $2,453,000 respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Toxi cs Int eg rat i on - The Toxics Integration program is not requesting re-
sources in 1988. In 1987, the Toxics Integration program activities were transfer-
red to the Existing Chemical Review, Chemical Testing, and New Chemical Review
programs.
Chemical Testing -- The Chemical Testing program is the focal point for deve-
lop in"g~aliT^cTufnuTating data on existing chemicals. Section 4 of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act (TSCA) allows EPA to require testing of specific chemicals or
mixtures when insufficient data is available to determine health and environmental
effects. This testing decision is based on a determination that a chemical may
pose an unreasonable risk or that it is produced in substantial quantities which
may result in significant human exposure or environmental release.
EPA must r'espond within one year to the Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC)
lists of chemicals designated for priority testing consideration. Those lists are
published twice yearly. While ITC testing designations are given priority conside-
ration, EPA can require testing on other chemicals of concern. The testing program
emphasizes the importance of obtaining test data as quickly as possible and ensuring
that data are of high quality and defensible for regulatory purposes. This requires
the publication of acceptable test methodologies and good laboratory practices as
well as conducting a comprehensive laboratory/data audit program.
Existing Chemical Review The Existing Chemical Review program encompasses
the more than 60,000 chemicals in commerce when TSCA was passed and all new chemicals
manufactured since then. There are 66,000 chemicals now listed on the TSCA Inventory
of Chemical Substances. The goal of the program is to reduce significant risks to
society from these chemicals. To accomplish this EPA (1) looks at known information
on existing chemicals, (2) determines whether there might be a problem associated
with the chemical, (3) assesses the magnitude of the problem, (4) decides what to do
about it, and (5) translates the solution into action. This process of evaluating
a chemical's risk as it moves through the review cycle is referred to as the Existing
Chemical program.
TSCA authority over existing chemicals is broad. It includes Section 8, which
permits us to gather information which is already available to manufacturers and
processors; Section 6, which allows us to control a chemical at any stage in its
life cycle or ban it completely; and Section 9, which provides for formal referral
of a chemical to another regulatory Agency. The significant new use provisions of
Section 5, as well as nonregulatory chemical advisories are also used to address
certain existing chemical problems. These authorities are also useful in looking at
intermedia existing chemical problems that may result in risk reduction measures
being taken under other EPA authorities or other Agency authorities.
TS-30
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New Chemical Review The New Chemical Review program reflects the preventive
philosophy of TSCA by reviewing potential effects of all new chemicals before they
are manufactured or imported. Manufacturers and importers are required to submit
a 90-day advance notification of intent to manufacture or import a new chemical
substance. The objective of the program is to review all new chemical notices and
take prompt action on those that require additional data or pose concerns potentially
warranting control. Section 5{h)(4) allows EPA to exclude low risk chemicals from
full review requirements. Section 5{a)(2) authorizes EPA to track new chemicals
that might be of concern based on intended usage or significant increases in the
volume of production.
EPA imposes or negotiates a variety of control actions on new chemicals of
concern. These include issuance of Section 5(e) and 5(f) orders to control or
prohibit manufacture of the chemical, voluntary actions on the part of the sub-
mitter, or withdrawal of the notice. Section 5(e) orders are issued when available
data are inadequate to evaluate the health and environmental risks posed by a new
chemical and when the chemical "may present" an unreasonable risk or will be pro-
duced in substantial quantity and will have substantial human exposure or environ-
mental release. The majority of these orders are made with the consent of the PMN
submitter and result in limited manufacture of the substance, albeit, with restric-
tions, until more definitive information 1s obtained. The authority of Section
5(f) is invoked when a chemical is found to present an unreasonable risk and in
some cases may result in the promulgation of an immediately effective Section
6(a) rule banning production of the chemical.
TOXICS INTEGRATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting resources for this program. In 1987, the Toxics
Integration program activities were transferred to the Existing Chemical Review,
Chemical Testing, and New Chemical Review programs.
1987Program
Toxic Integration program activities were transferred to the Existing Chemical
Review, Chemical Testing and New Chemical Review programs. Associated dollars and
workyears are described in those program elements.
1987.explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 198? Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,020,900 supported by 8,7 total
workyears of which $421,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$599,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program continued to emphasize identification and coordination of cross-
media chemical Issues and efforts to Increase the utility of TSCA-generated data,
risk and exposure assessment tools, and TSCA authorities both within EPA and with
other Federal Agencies. TSCA information exchange with other EPA offices, States,
Regions, other Federal Agencies and international organizations continued. Shared
information included data collected under Section 4 and Section 8, as well as other
technical and scientific expertise gained through implementation of TSCA. The
Testing Priority Committee (TPC) began operation. This " committee serves as a
mechanism to coordinate testing results from other EPA programs, Regions, and
TS-31
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States. It supports nominations for testing through section 4 of TSCA, the National
Toxicology Program* and the Office of Research and Development.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,727,900 supported by 84.0 total workyears
for this program of which 14,002,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,725,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $100,800 and a decrease of $233,000, respec-
tively.
In 1988, Agency response to Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) testing
designations will continue as a top priority. Test data development activities
will begin on the 21st and 22nd ITC lists. ITC rulemaking activities will include
publication of initial decisions on 8 chemicals from the 19th and 20th ITC lists, 5
post-initial ITC testing actions, and 6 final test rules. Final test rules result
1n testing being initiated. Post-initial and promulgated test rules are decreasing
in 1987 and 1988 as the shift to single phase rulemakings or enforceable consent
agreements minimizes the need for multiple actions on a chemical, resulting in
fewer rulemaking actions. Consent agreements expedite the initiation of testing
while providing safeguards equivalent to those that apply under test rules. The
consent agreements assure that sanctions are imposed under TSCA's penalty provi-
sions if agreed upon testing is not performed and triggers other key TSCA provi-
sions, similar to a test rule. By the end of 1988, test rules will have been
promulgated on 25 ITC chemicals. Test guidelines and data integrity efforts to
support the testing program will continue at the 1987 level.
The non-lTC testing program will continue to respond to critical data needs of
EPA programs, Planned 1988 non-ITC rulemaking actions include a final test- rule
for the Office of Solid Waste to obtain subchronic health effects and chemical fate
data on approximately 80 chemicals in support of land ban disposal decisions under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and final test rules for vinylidene
chloride and diethylene gtycol butyl ether. Support to other EPA programs will be
provided as priority testing requirements are identified.
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,860,100 supported by 84.0 total work-
years for this program of which $3,901,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,958,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987, the Agency is beginning to implement streamlined enforceable consent
orders. This approach is designed to get testing underway as quickly as possible.
Test data development activities include publication of initial testing decisions
on two chemicals from the 17th and 18th lists. Another 23 testing actions are
being issued, 16 of which will be final rules requiring testing to begin.
We are continuing to test rulemaking actions on 5 non-ITC chemicals. These
include a final test rule on dioxlns/dibenzofurans; a proposed test rule (covering
about 80 chemicals) to support land ban decisions under RCRA; a proposed test rule
to obtain oncogenicity data on 2-ethylhexanol; a proposed test rule on the ethylene
glycol ethers category, and a proposed test rule on a'number of chemicals frequently
found in environmental monitoring studies. Test guidelines efforts are resulting
in the publication of 6 new test guidelines for the development of data on the rate
of hydrolysis, toxicity, chemical fate, and/or ecological effects, of chemicals
subject to TSCA.
TS-32
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $8,454,500 supported by 82,9 total
workyears for this program, of .which $3,910,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,544,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1986, testing actions were taken on a total of 42 chemicals. Initial
decisions included 7 chemicals on the 15th ITC list and 5 chemicals on the 16th ITC
list. Testing will be required on 10 of the 12 chemicals. Post-initial and final
decisions included 26 actions: 12 proposed and 14 final. Non-ITC testing actions
resulted in 4 proposed rules: priority testing of 1,1-dichloroethylene to support
decisions under the Clean Air Act; testing in response to a TSCA Section 21 petition
on dioxins/dibenzofurans; and testing of diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE) and
commercial hexane, both identified by the Existing Chemical program.
An interim final negotiated consent agreement procedural rule was published
during 1986 as an alternative to test rules. The agreement is used where a consen-
sus on testing requirements exist among EPA, manufacturers and/or processors, and
interested members of the public. EPA initiated consent agreement negotiations on
five chemicals/categories during 1986. One new test guideline was published in
1986. To date, a total of 98 test guidelines covering 111 test methods have been
developed. The annual review of published guidelines resulted in 37 guidelines
being updated.
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $11,423,600 supported by 123.6 total work-
years for this program of which $5,318,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,104,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents decreases of $559,200 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $2,220,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and 17.0 total workyears. The decreases reflect the anticipated completion ot
several asbestos and PCB rulemaking activities as well as continuation of chemical
category and cross-media approaches to existing chemical problems.
In 1988, the Existing Chemical program will continue to look at cross-media
chemical problems where TSCA data, authorities, and expertise can be effectively
utilized. These assessments may often result in risk reduction actions under
statutes other than TSCA. The chemical category approach to existing chemical
problems will also be continued. For example, the assessment of fibers will sup-
port the asbestos ban and phase d'own rulemaking to be completed this year.
The program will continue to receive significant amounts of data from Section
4 and Section 8 including data from the Section 8(a) comprehensive assessment
information rule (CAIR). CAIR is expected to streamline information gathering on
chemicals of interest to many EPA program offices as well as other Federal Agencies.
The human monitoring program will provide exposure data on chemicals found in the
general population. These data will help the agency target existing chemicals to
which there is significant human exposure. Approximately 30 chemicals and categor-
ies will be under review during 1988.
TS-33
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A total of 10 risk management actions are planned in 1988. These include
Section 6 control actions on PCBs and possibly on asbestos, as well as Section 5
significant new use rules and chemical advisories on other existing chemicals. The
cross-media strategy on chlorinated solvents will be completed and regulatory
options process will begin.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,202,800 supported by 140.6
total workyears for this program of which $5,878,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,324,800 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Emphasis on using TSCA authorities, data and expertise to support the risk
reduction needs of other programs, cross-media assessments, and category approaches
to existing chemical problems is continuing. Information collection activities are
used to fill the data needs of agency program offices, Regions, and other federal
agencies. For example, the final CAIR rule is addressing data needs on 40-50
chemicals identified by EPA and several other agencies, A Section 8(d) rule will
request unpublished health and safety studies on over 100 chemicals nominated by
EPA and the Consumer Products Safety Commission and Section 8(a) and 8(d) reporting
will be proposed for approximately 40 chemicals used as pesticide inerts.
Ue are screening incoming data to identify existing chemicals with the greatest
potential concern. Approximately 50 chemicals and categories are under review and
15 risk management actions are planned. PCB rulemakings now under court order are
accounting for three of these actions. The program is exploring a variety of
alternative means of integrating its risk assessment and risk management activities
with those of other offices, agencies, and the private sector,
1987 Explanation of Changes from theEnacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
1986Accompl1snments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $18,334,100 supported by 188.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,973,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,360,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1986, 76 chemicals were looked at in the Existing Chemical program. Of
that number, 3 chemicals were referred to risk management, 6 chemicals were referred
for information gathering, 13 chemicals required no further action, and 51 are under-
going further evaluation. Significant accomplishments In Information gathering
included development of the Section 8(a) comprehensive assessment information rule
designed to consolidate reporting requirements; promulgation of a Section 8(d) rule
covering 33 chemicals for the Office of Solid Waste,, proposal of a Section 8(d)
rule covering 107 chemicals nominated by various EPA offices., and promulgation of a
Section 8(a) rule to obtain updated exposure information on about 15,000 existing
chemicals on the Section 8(b) Inventory.
Major risk evaluation activities focused on the, regulatory Investigation of
formaldehyde and chlorinated solvents. Risk assessment documents on six potentially
hazardous chemicals were completed. Risk management activities resulted in Section
6 ,or Section 9 referrals on PCBs, asbestos, 1,3-butadiene, glycol ethers, formalde-
hyde, 4,4' methylenebis 2-chloroam'lene, toluendiamines, and chloromethane. Section
5 significant new use rules were developed to monitor new uses of PBBs, Tris,
methyl jj-butyl ketone (MBK), hexachloronorbornadine (Hex-BCH), hexamethyl phosphor-
TS-34
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amide (HMPA), urethane, 11-amlnoudecanoic acid (11-AA), and pentaehloroethane. In
addition, this program played a major role in the development of a voluntary pro-
gram to address accidental releases of chemicals that could be acutely hazardous.
NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,248,000 supported by 247,6 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,410,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $8,837,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $381,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
A high priority in 1988 will be to maintain an effective New Chemical program
that will be responsive to an increasing workload generated by industry. EPA will
continue to subject all new chemicals to a thorough review to ensure that any
unreasonable health and environmental risks are adequately controlled, EPA will
review approximately 2,600 new chemical notices, an increase of 10% from 1987. Of
these, 900 are txpecttd to be eligible for an abbreviated review as defined in the
polymer, low volume, and test market exemptions. About 170 of the new chemicals
will require some form of EPA action to control risks* The collection of a fee for
reviewing notices is expected to begin.
Efforts to make the follow-up program more efficient will continue in 1988.
The acrylates category significant new use rule (SNUR) and the general hazard-
based criteria SNUR may be promulgated. The acrylates category SNUR would estab-
lish protective equipment and recordkeeping requirements for all new acrylate
substances produced after the rule is promulgated* Under the general hazard-based
criteria SNUR, certain hazard-based criteria would be identified in a general SNUR;
PMN chemicals meeting those criteria could be listed by simple amendments to the
general SNUR. These approaches would reduce the ne0d for chemical-specificSNURs
while increasing the number of chemicals subject to follow-up.
The biotechnology program will be at a critical point as 3 rules to imple-
ment review and reporting under TSCA are promulgated. They will include a Section
8 reporting rule covering releases of living organisms to the environment, a Section
5 SNUR for pathogens, and modifications of the Section 5(h)(3) research and devel-
opment (R&D) exemption. Me anticipate receipt of 15 biotechnology PMNs in 1988.
We have developed some internal review procedures for microbial products, but expect
these first reviews to be difficult. Many are likely to result in Section 5(e)
orders requiring the development of additional information, we will continue to
work closely with other Federal agencies, scientific groups, public interest groups,
and international organizations concerned with biotechnology issues,
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,866,800 supported by 247,6
total workyears for this program, of which $11,029,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,837,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA is subjecting all new chemical notices to a thorough review, taking action
to control unreasonable health and environmental risks wherever necessary. We
anticipate receiving 2,350 new chemical notices, a 6% increase in workload from
1986. Of these, 750 are expected to be eligible for abbreviated review as defined
in the polymer, low volume, and test market exemptions. About 160 of the new
chemicals are requiring some form of control {i.e., testing, exposure controls,
withdrawal). Test data is continuing to arrive is a result of Section 5(e) actions
and voluntary industry compliance, necessitating Agency review. The agency will
TS-35
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publish i proposed and final rule implementing a user fee for new chemical reviews.
To ensure that risks do not develop as new chemicals enter the marketplace, we
are continuing to publish proposed or final SNURs or Section 8(a) reporting rules
for those new chemicals that are the subject of Section 5(e) orders, as well as
other new chemicals presenting toxicity characteristics which warrant follow-up.
The program is continuing to stress more efficient regulatory approaches via cate-
gory follow-up rules; one proposed and one final SNUR 1s being published. Three
advisory circulars providing guidance to industry on new chemical requirements and
policies are being issued.
Biotechnology activities are including 3 proposed rules: a Section 8 reporting
rule covering releases of living organisms to the envlroranent» a Section 5(a) SNUR
for pathogens, and modification of the Section 5(h){3) R8D exemption. We are
continuing to work closely with other parties to provide for the coordinated review
of biotechnology substances.
1987 Explanation of Changes from., the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishroents
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $15,809,900 supported by 201.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,572,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,237,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Receipt of new chemical notices 1n 1986 reached a high of 2»2J3, a 24% in-
crease over 1985 and a 2355 increase over the planned level for 1986. Control
actions were taken on 157 chemicals. Of the 2,213 notices, 1,693 were Premanufac-
ture Notices (PMNs) and the other 250 notices were submitted under the test market,
polymer, and low volume exemption regulations. EPA continued to monitor new chem-
icals that may be of concern if the uses change or if production volumes sig-
nificantly increase from those estimated during their initial review. This re-
sulted in 8 proposed SNURs covering 13 chemicals and 1 promulgated SNUR covering
1 chemical. In 1986, EPA introduced a listing SNUR for the acrylates category.
This SNUR establishes protective equipment and recordkeeping requirements for new
acrylate substances that have already undergone PMN review. Addition of individual
acrylates to this list after completion of PHN review can be accomplished through
amendments to the rule.
Biotechnology activities resulted in the publication of a final policy state-
ment concerning the applicability of TSCA to biotechnology products. The TSCA
biotechnology program continued to be closely coordinated with other Federal
agencies, private sector, and international organizations.
TS-36
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-38
Toxic Substances Enforcement, ........... TS-40
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants..... TS-42
TS-37
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $6,278.2 $6,672.4 $6,771.5 $6,773.9 $7,132.6 $358.7
Abatement Control and $2,170.4 $1,825.5 $1,925.5 $1,925.5 $2,015.5 $90.0
Compliance
TOTAL $8,448.6 $8,497.9 $8,697.0 $8,699.4 $9,148.1 $448.7
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
3 Abatement Control and $2,119.1 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200,0 $2,200.0
do Compliance
00 TOTAL $2,119.1 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,278.2 $6,672.4 $6,771.5 $6,773.9 $7,132.6 $358.7
Abatement Control and $4,289.5 $4,025.5 $4,125.5 $4,125.5 $4,215.5 $90.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $10,567.7 $10,697.9 $10,897.0 $10,899.4 $11,348.1 $448.7
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 155.6 162.6 164.4 164.4 180.9 16.5
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 155.6 162.6 164.4 164.4 180.9 16.5
-------
I
CO
ID
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
169,9
169.9
175.6
177.6 177.6
175.6 177.6
177.6
180.9
180.9
3.3
3.3
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
The Agency requests a total of $11,348,100 supported by 180.9 total workyears
for 1988, increases of $448,700 and 3,3 total workyears from 1987, Of the request,
$7,132,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,215,500 will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, increases of $358,700
and $90,000, respectively.
P rog ram De sc r i pt 1 on
The program areas under this subactivity are:
Toxic Substances Enforcement - The Toxic Substances Enforcement program en-
sures cbmpTiance with TSCA and rel ated rules and regulations. The Regional offices
inspect facilities that manufacture, process, distribute, use, or dispose of new or
specifically regulated chemicals. Regional staff provide technical assistance to
the regulated community in complying with applicable TSCA regulations and prepare
and issue notices of violation and administrative orders.
Headquarters is responsible for the overall management of the national toxic
substances compliance monitoring program. Headquarters staff provide support in
the development of new TSCA regulations to make them efficient and equitable from
an enforcement viewpoint, develop enforcement response policies and compliance
monitoring strategies for each new rule, and provide compliance assistance and
technical support to case development and prosecution activities. Headquarters
staff also manage the laboratory data Integrity program. This program involves
inspections of laboratories that perform chemical and environmmental testing and
in-depth .audits of test studies. submitted to the Agency pursuant to TSCA and Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) testing rules.
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants This program funds cooperative agree-
ment s"ldtF3FitFTg^nTfeTTD~~d^v₯To^~arid operate toxic substances compliance moni-
toring programs In the area of existing chemicals control. This program permits
wider coverage of the regulated community without requiring additional Federal
personnel ,
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,148,100 and 180.9 total workyears for this
program, of which $7,132,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,015,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
totals represent an increase of $358,700 for Salaries and Expenses, an Increase of
$90,000 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance, and an increase of 3.3 total
workyears. The increases provide for consolidation of the laboratory data in-
tegrity program into one media program, thus facilitating better program management,
In 1988, there will be an overall decrease for the Regional offices in the
areas of technical and compliance assistance. Toxit Substances technical and
compliance assistance resources equal to 6.0 workyears were transferred to the
higher priority Pesticides Enforcement program for the purpose of balancing these
activities between the media. This transfer is partially offset at Headquarters by
the transfer of 9.3 workyears in the laboratory data integrity program from Pest-
icides Enforcement into the Toxic Substances Enforcement program. The extramural
TS-40
-------
resources were also transferred to provide for consolidation of the laboratory
data integrity program into one media. Within the Toxic Substances Enforcement
program, 5.6 workyears are reprogrammed from PCB inspections into case development
to reduce enforcement case backlogs.
The Regions will conduct compliance inspections in support of all existing
TSCA rules, although many PCB inspections and most asbestos-1n-schools compliance
inspections will be conducted either under contract or through enforcement agree-
ments with cooperating State agencies. Regional staff will participate in the
laboratory data integrity program by conducting good laboratory practices (GLP)
inspections at laboratories that perform toxic substances testing. Inspections in
support of the PCB ban, marking, and disposal rules will continue to receive strong
emphasis. The Regional offices will also conduct compliance inspections in support
of Section 5 new chemical regulations, Section 8 reporting rules. Section 12 export
requirements, and Section 13 import requirements. The review and approval of
applications to construct and operate PCB landfills and unique design stationary
PCB incinerators, and the monitoring of PCB disposal sites, remain the responsibil-
ity of the Regions.
With the reprogramming in personnel and extramural resources, Headquarters
will be able to improve the overall management of the laboratory data integrity
program. The Agency will conduct full-scale audits of completed test studies sub-
mitted to EPA. Headquarters staff manage the national Toxic Substances Enforce-
ment program through appropriate guidance and periodic reviews of Regional programs,
including on-site program evaluations. Headquarters staff will manage a coopera-
tive agreement with the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct
compliance monitoring inspections in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule.
Both the Regional and Headquarters components of the Toxic Substances Enforcement
program will also prepare and issue notices of violation and administrative
orders and will provide technical assistance and support to the Office of Enforce-
ment and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) in the prosecution of civil and criminal
cases as necessary.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,699,400 and 177.6 total work-
years to this program, of which $6,773,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $1,925,500 is for extramural purposes from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The Regions are continuing inspection programs to determine compliance with
TSCA rules and are providing assistance to firms seeking to comply voluntarily with
TSCA requirements, or who wish to take remedial actions to achieve compliance. The
Regional offices are preparing and issuing notices of violation and administrative
orders, and developing and prosecuting cases when compliance 1s not achieved. The
Regional offices are overseeing the cooperative enforcement agreement program, and
are being responsible for review and approval of PCB landfills, unique-design sta-
tionary PCB incinerators, and for PCB site disposal monitoring. In addition to
providing overall program guidance and management, Headquarters is managing the
laboratory data integrity program and participating In audits of test studies sub-
mitted to the Agency under TSCA testing rules. The Headquarters staff is managing
the AARP cooperative agreement that provides compliance monitoring inspections
under the Asbestos-In-Schools program. Headquarters also participates in regul-
ation development directed by the Office of Toxic Substances, and prepares enforce-
ment response policies and compliance monitoring strategies for newly developed
regulations.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the EnactedLevel
The net increase of $2,400 results from the following actions:
TS-41
-------
-Reprogrammings. (+$2,400) Several reprogramnrings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net increase of $2,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $8,448,600 and 169.9 total workyears, of which
$6,278,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,170,400 was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance -appropriation.
The Regional offices conducted compliance inspections in support of existing
TSCA rules, with particular emphasis upon PCB and asbestos-in-schools inspections
under Section 6.- Upon detection of violations, including those originating from
State conducted inspections, the Regional staffs developed and prosecuted enforce-
ment cases. The Agency issued administrative orders in 758 cases, issued 1,758
notices of warning, and referred two criminal and nine civil cases to the Depart-
ment of Justice,
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,200,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds will
support toxic substances compliance monitoring programs in 18 States. The State
Programs will emphasize chemical control rules, particularly compliance monitoring
of asbestos and PCBs.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,200,000 to this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
are supporting State conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring programs in
18 States. These State programs concentrate upon Section 6 chemical control rules,
in particular PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $2,119,100 for this program in 1986, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
supported State cooperative enforcement agreement programs in Arizona, California,
Connecticut, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, New Hampshire,
Ohio, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, Texas, West Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin, These
States conducted 732 PCB inspections and 877 asbestos-in-schools inspections.
TS-42
-------
Energy
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Mu 11i -Med1 a Energy » F- -5
Acid Rain E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology E-12
Environmental Processes and Effects E-13
E-l
-------
ENERGY
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries A Expenses $5,105.9 $5,486.4 $5,554.6 $5,549.5! $5,551.5 +$2.3
Research S Development $48,489.2 $54,103.0 $53,911,0 $53,998.2 $53,315.1 -$683.1
TOTAL, Energy $53,595.1 $59,589.4 $59,465.6 $59,547.4 $58,866.6 -$680.8
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS 83.6 77.2 85.1 85.1 82.6 -2.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 92.9 85.8 85.6 85.6 82.6 -3.0
OUTLAYS $57,651.1 $61,349.2 $60,645.1 $60,640.6 $62,672.5 +$2,031.9
71 AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization for Energy Is under the Environmental Research,
N Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act, which expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Multi-media Energy research and development program provides the
scientific information necessary to develop and use energy resources in an
environmentally acceptable manner. This program includes two major program areas:
acid deposition, and the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) control
technology.
Acid Deposition
The acid deposition research program represents the Agency's part of the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program which is mandated by the Energy
Security Act of 1980 (Title VII of P.L. 96-294). Its purpose is to increase the
understanding of the causes and effects of acid deposition so that reliable infor-
mation can be made available to policy-makers in support of their efforts to for-
mulate timely and cost-effective mitigation decisions.
The 1988 program will continue to meet the demands for better scientific
and technical information concerning acid deposition. In 1988, the Acid Rain
program will place major emphasis on the development and evaluation of atmospheric
models. This research will enable policy-makers to predict changes in deposition
levels that result from emission reductions in nearby or distant sources.
Specifically, an advanced version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM)
will undergo testing, and we will begin evaluation and refinement of the model
using field study data.
The 1988 program will also enhance research that seeks to quantify the effects
of acidification on aquatic systems. Major emphasis in 1988 will be placed on
defining the severity of episodic acidification events, and verification of
predicted future acidification.
A third area of major emphasis involves a cooperative research effort with the
U.S. Forest Service. This work involves intensive research on two forest types,
the Spruce-Fir and Southern Commercial forests. We will also conduct exploratory
research on Eastern Hardwoods and Western Conifer forest types. This work seeks
to form dose-response relationships between forest conditions and atmospheric
deposition.
LIMB Control Technology
The LIMB control technology program is designed to develop and demonstrate
effective and inexpensive emission control systems that will simultaneously remove
sulfur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from boiler flue gases of new and
existing pulverized coal-fired boilers. This research and development program
will continue to provide data on performance, reliability, and cost efficiency to
accelerate the commercial viability of the technology in both wall-fired and
tangentially-fired applications. Demonstration of the LIMB technology 1s being
funded jointly by the Federal government and Industry.
The 1988 program request for LIMB will complete the resource requirements
for the wall-fired and tangentially-fired demonstrations of the LIMB technology.
It should be noted that in addition to EPA's 1988 program request for LIMB, we
anticipate that $7,000,000 will be transferred from the Department of Energy to
EPA to complete funding for the demonstration of LIMB on a tangentially-fired
utility boiler.
.JE-3
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY
RESEARCH » DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Medi a Energy E-5
Acid Rai n E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology E-12
Environmental Processes and Effects., E-13
E-4
-------
ENERGY
Multl-Media Energy
ACTUAL
1986
PROGRAM
Acid Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research >& Devel opment
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Multl -
- Energy
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses
Research & Development
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
. ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$3,199
$44,643
$47,842
$1,906
$3,212
$5,118
$633
$633
$5,105
$48,489
.6
.3
,9
.3
.4
.7
.5
.5
.9
.2
$4
$51
$55
$1
$2
$4
$5
$54
,000.0
,133.0
,133.0
,486.4
,970.0
,456.4
,486,4
,103.0
$4,313
$50,881
$55,195
$1 ,240
$2,729
$3,970
$300
$300
$5,554
$53,911
.8
.7
.5
.8
.3
.1
.0
.0
.6
.0
$4,313
$51,133
$55,446
$1,235
$2,565
$3,800
$300
$300
$5,549
$53,998
.8
.0
,8
.4
.2
.6
.0
,0
.2
.2
$4,449
$50,881
$55,331
$1,102
$2,433
$3,535
$5,551
$53,315
.4
.7
.1
,1
.4
.5
.5
.1
$135.6
-$251.3
-$115.7
-$133.3
-$131.8
-$265.1
-$300.0
-$300.0
$2.3
-$683. I
Multi-Media Energy TOTAL $53,595.1 $59,589.4 $59,465.6 559,547.4 $58,866.6 -$6B0.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy
50.0
55.2
63.9
63.9
63.9
-------
ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Environmental
Engineering 8
Technology - Multi -
Modi a - Energy
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
33.6 22.0 21.2 21.2
83.6
77.2
85.1
85.1
18.7 -2.5
82.6 -2.5
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
m
Add Rain - Multl-Media
- Energy
Environmental
Engineering S
Technology - Multl -
Kedla - Energy
TOTAL WORKYEARS '
57.9 60.0 63.9 63.9 63,9
35.0 ?5.R 21.7 ?1.7 18.7 -3.0
92.9
85.8
85.6
85.6
82.fi -3.0
-------
ENERGY
Mufti-media Energy
PrincipalOutputs by Objective
Objective X: Estimate Emlssions^frpiiL Han-made jpurges
1988; o Completion of final 1985 emissions data base and Inventory (Acid Rain)
1987: o Completion of preliminary 1985 emissions inventory (Acid Rain)
1986: o Completion of preliminary 1981 man-made emissions data base (Acid Rain)
Objective 2; Understand Atmospheric Processes
1988: o Completion of an advanced version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model
(RADM II) (Acid Rain)
1987: o Installation of a monitoring network for field study evaluation of the
Regional Acid Deposition Model (Acid Rain)
.1986;, o Installation of a cloud chemistry network to cover the major high alti-
tude forest systems in the eastern U.S. (Acid Rain)
Objective 3; Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases
1988: o Final report on the'Pilot Snowfall Monitoring Study (Add Rain)
1987: o Installation of expanded dry deposition network, approximately 50 total
sites (Acid Rain)
1986: o Installation of a dry deposition monitoring network, approximately 30
total sites (Acid Rain)
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects
1988; o Report on temporal chemical variability 1n lakes 1n the northeastern U.S.
(Acid Rain)
o Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics (Acid
Rain)
o Report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey (Add Rain)
1987! o Report on the Western Lake Survey (Acid Rain)
1986j: o Report on the Eastern Lake Survey (Acid Rain)
Objective 5_;_ Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects
1988: o Evaluation of the extent and magnitude of recent changes in forest con-
ditions (Acid Rain)
o Report on seedling exposure studies (Acid Rain)
o Evaluation of the role of non-air pollution factors 1n growth reductions
and visible decline (Acid Rain)
E-7
-------
1987: o Annual report on the Forest Response program (Acid Rain)
o Report on the 1986 operations of the Mountain Cloud Chemistry project (Acid
Rain)
1986: o Report on southern conifer forest effects (Acid Rain)
o Report on spruce/fir forest effects (Acid Rain)
Objective61 Understand and Ouantvfy the Effects on Materials and Cultural
Resources '
1988: o Report on preliminary results of field study on exterior paints (Acid
Rain)
o Report on the field verification of the galvanized steel damage function
(Acid Rain)
1987: o Report on the laboratory study of damage mechanisms for galvanized steel
(Acid Rain)
1986; o Report on the development of acidic damage functions (Acid Rain)
o Supplemental statistical analysis of the northeast materials inventory
(Acid Rain)
Objective 10: DevelopandEvaluate LIMB Control Technology
1988: o Report on land disposal of waste from the LIMB wall-fired demonstration
(Engineering)
0 Report on the initial LIMB tangentially-fired 60 megawatt (MW) prototype
boiler test (Engineering)
19871 o Report on LIMB commercialization'requirements (Engineering)
1986: o Report documenting site specific design for the wall-fired field demon-
stration boiler (Engineering)
o Report on the effects of coal sulfur, trace ash species evaluation, and
promoters on sulfur capture (Engineering)
Objective 11: Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold nimates
1987.1 ° Final report on Cold Climate research program (Env. Processes)
E-8
-------
ENERGY
Multi-media Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,866,600 supported by 82.6 total workyears
for 1988, a decrease of $680,800 and 3.0 total workyears from 1987. Of the request,
$5,551,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $53,315,100
will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of $2,300 and
a decrease of $683,100, respectively.
Program Description
The multi-media energy research and development program provides the scien-
tific information necessary to guide the development and utilization of energy
resources in an environmentally acceptable manner. Research is conducted to
better understand the causes and effects of acid deposition so that reliable
information can be made available to policy-makers in support of their efforts to
formulate timely and cost-effective mitigation decisions. Research continues to
expand EPA's knowledge of the performance, reliability, and cost-efficiency of
the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) control technology. The follow*
ing objectives support these activities:
Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research improves
our undelrstanding of the relationships among emissions resulting from man's activ-
ities.
Objective 2, Understand Atmospherlc Processes. Research in this area improves
our capabi1ity to examine and predict the transport, chemical transformation, and
deposition processes of air masses.
Objective3.Establish DepositionMonitoring Data Bases. This work will
quantifywetand dry depositionwithsufficient resolution to establish trends,
provide inputs to effects studies, and provide information for source/receptor
statistical analyses.
Objective4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This work will enable
us to quantify th'e impacts of acidification on representative aquatic systems
through the development of dose/response relationships and predictive models, and
to apply these data to the development of appropriate mitigatlve measures.
Objective i. UnderstandandQuantify Terrestrial Effects. This research will
enable us to quantify theextentofaciddeposition effects on forests, develop
quantitative cause and effect relationships, and predict the effects under alterna-
tive deposition scenarios.
Objective 6. Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural
Resources.This program focuses on how materials are incrementally damaged from
acid deposition. This includes determining those materials and resources at risk
and developing data bases and methods to differentiate the effects of acid deposi-
tion from those of other sources of pollution.
Objective 7. Evaluate Control Technologies. This work will focus on the
development of "cost of control" data.Activities will include analysis of both
performance and cost of technologies and the engineering evaluation of selected
hardware approaches.
E-9
-------
Objective 8. Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Information for
Policy Analysis. This work is designed to integrate the various aspects of the
acid deposi tion research program and to provide information to decision-makers in
a timely manner.
Objective 9. Characterize and Evaluate Synfuel Discharges and Control
TechnoYogy. This program provides technical support in the analysis of synthetic
fuel -related environmental risks and in the evaluation of discharges and control
technologies.
ObjectivelO. _ Develop and Evaluate LI^^ojil^plTechnqlogy. This program
is desi gned ~~to~~deve1 op andeval uate an emission control technology that will simul-
taneously remove sulfur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from boiler flue
gases of pulverized coal boilers.
Objective 11- Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates. This
research defines the impact of coal , oTT and" gas devel opment, iTi3 atmospheri c
pollution on arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems.
ACID RAIN
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,331,100 supported by 63.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,449,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $50,881,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $135,600 and a decrease of 5251,300, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The net decrease reflects the completion
of several research reports in the terrestrial effects program.
Estimate Emissions Irom Man-made Sources. This research examines the rela-
tionships araong emissions TesuT^^^ from human activities to provide a more accur-
ate estimate of major pollutants related to acid deposition. Research supported
in 1988 will include: (1) completion of the 1985 emission data base and inventory,
(2) preliminary development of a 1990 emission date base, and (3) completion of
the testing and evaluation of emission models. These models will be responsive to
policy options and used to analyze cost-effective strategies. The work will
result in a 1985 emission data base and a final SO?, N02, VOC, and alkaline
material emissions inventory for use in the Eulerian model.
Understand Atmospheri c Processes The program will continue to broaden our
un de rs ta n di n g of the a tmos phe r i c I ra n s po r t , physical and chemical transformation,
and deposition processes of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. The program
will continue to emphasize model development, the collection of field data, and
model evaluation. This work will enable policy-makers to predict changes in depo-
sition levels resulting from reductions in nearby or distant emissions. Specific
research emphasis in 1988 will include: (1) sensitivity testing of the advanced
version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) using existing monitoring
data bases and (2) the evaluation and refinement of RADM using field study data.
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research will continue to
quantify wet and dry deposition of acid materials with sufficient resolution to
establish cause and effect relationships for use in effects studies and the eval-
uation of component models. This program will: (1) continue to support the 150
station National Trends Network (MTN) for wet deposition, (2) increase the number
of species monitored through the dry deposition network, and (3) continue to improve
and expand snow monitoring operations.
E-10
-------
Unde.rstan^ and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This work seeks to quantify the
effects of acidification on representative aquatic systems through the development
of dose/response relationships. The program will emphasize the following acti-
vities; (1) interpreting the results of the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS),
including the Eastern Lake Survey, the Western Lake Survey, and the National Stream
Survey; (2) predicting surface water response in the northeast and mid-Atlantic
regions; (3) conducting case studies to assess the effects of acid deposition in
selected sub-regions; (4) developing and implementing an "early warning" system
for U.S. surface waters 1n potentially sensitive areas; and (5) developing an
episodic response program to better determine temporal variability of aquatic
chemistry and its resultant effect on ecosystems at risk.
Understand and QuantifyTerrestrial Effects. This research will enable us
to quantifythe extent of aciddeposition on forests; to establish quantitative
cause and effect relationships; and to predict effects under alternative deposi-
tion scenarios. Major activities will include: (1) continuation of controlled
exposure studies on seedlings and larger trees, (2) evaluation of the extent and
magnitude of observed forest damage, (3) evaluation of proposed damage hypotheses,
(4) continuation of deposition monitoring at selected intensive research sites,
and (5) development of individual tree models.
UnderstandandQuantifythe Effects onJfetejrialsand CulturalResources, This
program will focus on howmaterials areiricreieritallydamaged from aicid deposition.
The research program will emphasize the following activities: (1) development of
damage functions for materials at field sites using data initially generated through
chamber studies, (2) continuation of controlled chamber studies, and (3) expansion
of research on organic coatings and masonry surfaces.
Evaluate Control Technologies. This research will develop "cost of control"
analysis data that are to become part of an overall evaluation framework. The
research will continue to focus primarily on assessing the engineering applicability
and costs of control technologies for acid deposition emissions.
Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Information foM*olIcy Analysis.
EPA's assessment responsibilities have been transferred to the Director of Research
of the National Add Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Therefore, the
Agency requests no resources for this program in 1988.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $55,446,800 supported by 63.9
total workyears for this program, of which $4,313,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $51,133,000 is from the. Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1987 the program is establishing a field monitoring network to evaluate
the Regional Acid Deposition Model; expanding the dry deposition monitoring network
to approximately 50 stations; and examining the results from the Western Lake
Survey and the mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey. In addition, an
expanded materials effects program will initiate a major effort to study the
effects of acid deposition on paint/substrate systems,
1987 Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted Level
The net Increase of $251,300 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammjng. (+$251,300) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $251,300 to the Research and Development appropriation.
E-ll
-------
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $47,842,900 supported by 57.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,199,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $44,643,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1986 the acid deposition research program established a cloud chemistry
network to examine major high altitude forest systems in the eastern U.S. The dry
deposition monitoring network was established with the initial 30 sites being
determined. The final report on the Eastern lake component of the NSWS was com-
pleted.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,535,500 supported by 18,7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,102,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,433,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $133,300 and $131,800 respectively, and a decrease
of 3.0 total workyears. This decrease reflects completion of EPA's resource
requirements for implementation of a full-scale commercial demonstration of the
LIMB technology on a tangentially-fired utility boiler. It should be noted that in
addition to EPA's 1988 program request for LIMB, we anticipate that $7,000,000
will be transferred from the Department of Energy to EPA to complete funding for
the demonstration of LIMB on a tangentially-fired utility boiler.
Develop and Evaluate LIMB ControlTechnology. Research will continue in three
major engineering areas: (1) laboratory and pi Tot-scale development; (2) prototype
testing; and (3) commercialization of the LIMB technology. In the development
area, research will focus on improving SC>2/NQX removal efficiency, cost effective-
ness, and applicability through evaluation of promising sorbents and the introduc-
tion of humidification into the sorbent reaction process. The prototype testing
program will continue small boiler testing of LIMB for tangentially-fired boilers.
In the commercialization area, support will continue for the wall-fired and tangen-
tial ly-fired boiler demonstrations. The LIMB commercial demonstration program is
being funded jointly by the Federal government and industry.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $3,800,600 supported by 21.7 total work-
years for this program, of which $1,235,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,565,200 1s from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the LIMB program will continue laboratory and pilot-scale research,
prototype testing, and commercial-scale development. The pilot scale development
effort will continue to emphasize evaluation of LIMB particulate recycle and/or
utilization systems. The prototype testing portion will evaluate the technology
for tangentially-fired boilers and provide economic analyses of the LIMB process.
In the commercialization area, support will continue for the operational phase of
the wall-fired boiler demonstration, and the award of a contract for the tangen-
ti ally-fired boiler demonstration.
E-12
-------
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $169,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammjngs. (-$169,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of $5,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and a net decrease of $164,100 to the Research and Development appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,118,700 supported by 35.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,§06,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,212,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1986, the program completed Its consulting responsibilities, as
specified under the Energy Security Act, to assist the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corp-
oration and its project sponsors in evaluating synthetic fuel-related environmental
monitoring data.
During 1986 the program continued work on completing a demonstration of the
LIMB technology on a 105 Megawatt pulverized coal-fired boiler using wall-fired
burners. In addition, the program initiated negotiations in 1986 with interested
parties to demonstrate the LIMB technology on a commercial-scale boiler using
tangentially-fired burners.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988Program Request
The Agency requests no 'resources for this program in 1988. This reflects
a decrease of $300,000 for the Research and Development appropriation. This
program will be completed in 1987.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $300,000, all of which is from
the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, research will be concluded on assessing the Impacts of oil and gas
development on coastal tundra wetlands. Projects will be completed on: (1) the
health effects of urban air participates {wood smoke), (2) air dispersion modeling
in the arctic, and (3) the ecological impacts of placer mining.
1987 Explanationof Changes from the Enacted Level
There 1s no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $633,500, all of which was from the
Research and Development appropriation. During 1986, the cold climate program
conducted preliminary research on the impacts of resource development on ecosystems
in arctic and sub-arctic regions.
E-13
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Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT * SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT --
Program Management .................. MS-8
Program Management - Air & Radiation............ MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement ft Compliance Monitoring MS-13
Program Management - External Affairs MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-15
Program Management - General Counsel MS-16
Program Management - Research & Development. MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste X Emergency Response.. MS-17
AGENCY MANAGEMENT (
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices V MS-20
Immediate Office of the Administrator ~MS-25
Office of Regional Operations...... MS-26
Office of Executive Support........ MS-26
Regulatory Information Service Center...................* MS-27
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-28
Office of International Activities. MS-28
Office of Civil Rights...., MS-29
Science Advisory Board MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-30
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization MS-31
Office pf Inspector General '. MS-33
Office of Inspector General MS-34
' Office of General Counsel , MS-36
General Counsel MS-37
Office of External Affairs MS-39
Office of Legislative Analysis MS-42
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-43
Office of Public Affairs MS-44
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations MS-44
Office of Federal Activities MS-45
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-47
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-51
Integrated Environmental Management Program., MS-51
Office of Policy Analysis... MS-52
Office of Standards ft Regulations MS-54
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation.. , MS-55
Office of Administration & Resources Management MS-57
Program Management - Administration MS-62
Financial Management - Headquarters......... MS-63
Office of the Comptroller MS-64
Contracts & Grants Management ..».».... MS-65
Personnel & Organization Services... ....* MS-66
Facilities 8 Management Services MS-67
Information Systems & Services........* MS-67
Office of Human Resources Management MS-68
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regi onal Management MS-71
Resource Management -Regions MS-74
Financial Management - Regions.. ... MS-75
MS-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (Continued)
Personnel Management -Regions MS-76
Administrative Management - Regions.... MS-75
Regi onal Management MS-77
Regional Counsel MS-78
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions. MS-79
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs .... MS-82
Professi onal Training , MS-84
Nationwide Support Services MS-85
Headquarters Support Services MS-86
Regional Support Services MS-87
Automated Data Processing Support Costs MS-87
Lab Support - Research & Development MS-88
Lab Support - ftir f> Radiation..... MS-89
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances..., MS-89
MS-2
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
i
CO
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$280,476.3 $295,836.8 $300,153,2 $300,408.4 $323,983.5 $23,575.1
290.3
$280,766.6 $295,836.8 $300,153.2 $300,408.4 $323,983.5 $33,575.1
APPROPRIATION
Salaries and Expenses
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Total, Management and
Support
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAl WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,601.3 2,581.8 2,611.0 2,611.0 2,822.0 211.0
2,Rfi8.3 2,832.9 2,853.7 2,853.7 2,822.0 -31.7
$282,086.9 $294,056.0 $309,608.7 $309,830.8 $318,510.0 $8,679.2
Authorization 1s by virtue of the Appropriations Act.
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services that
are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to provide
quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible regulatory
and policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and understanding of the
Agency's goals, manage for environmental results, and pursue a focused human re-
sources management effort to build a skilled career environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency Management,
Regional Management, and Support Costs.
ProgramManagement includes policy development, program development and over-
sight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's environmental pro-
gram offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation, Water, Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring, External Affairs, Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
General Counsel, Research and Development, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Agency .Management includes Agencywide management functions and policy activi-
ties.
Policy Direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists of
the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs, Regional
Operations, Executive Support, Administrator's Representation Fund, International
Activities, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board, Administrative Law Judges, and
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
the Integrated Environmental Management Program and the Offices of Policy Analysis,
Standards and Regulations, and Management Systems and Evaluation.
Legal Services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are provided
to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a Regional Counsel
in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC) provides legal ser-
vices and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers, OGC, in cooperation with
the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all legal matters in which the
Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews proposed actions, decisions, and
regulations to assure that they are legally defensible.
External Affairs activities are performed by five component offices: Legis-
lative Analysis, Congressional Liaison, Public Affairs, Community and Intergovern-
mental Liaison, and Federal Activities.
Inspector General activities include Investigation and audit of Agency activi-
ties to promote efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and detect fraud,
waste, and abuse.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations located
In Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The office has
several components: Program Management, Financial Management, Comptroller, Per-
sonnel and Organization, Contracts and Grants, Facilities and Management Services,
Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional
MS-4
-------
staff for public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and civil
rights. Other activities include budget development and execution, preparation
of Regional operating plans, legal services, program planning, regulatory and
policy analysis, economic analysis, program evaluation, financial and personnel
management, information management, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. In this diverse category are:
0 Office and building services, such as library services, commercial telephone
use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP technical support, and
custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
° Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data process-
ing, professional training, U.S. Postal Service charges, Federal Telecom-
munications System (FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation,
and health and safety costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
0 Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Offices of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances; and
0 Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance,
library services, and mini-computer operations.
ProgramPriorities
Priorities for the Executive Offices In 1988 will include: continued emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental and civil rights regu-
lations; stronger support from Headquarters and Regions to small, minority, and
women's environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific credibility to regula-
tory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the Science Advisory Board;
and more effective communication between Headquarters and the Regions.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will focus resources on risk
reduction and the effective delivery of environmental results with the objective of
institutionalizing these concepts and implementing them in the programs. Regions,
and States. To accomplish these tasks, it will begin the transition to State use
of risk reduction tools developed in the Integrated Environmental Management Pro-
gram; break ground on new major risk reduction efforts such as comprehensive
integrated analysis of pesticides; expand critical risk communication and risk
assessment training; shift program evaluation emphasis to comprehensive results
delivery; and redirect statistics toward more program support in .survey design,
data quality, and enforcement.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and coun-
sel to the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal
interpretation of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, and on such
matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General
Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in all major regulatory actions, and
ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in the most
persuasive manner.
The Office of External Affairs will continue to provide a clear Interpretation
of EPA's programs and priorities; increase Agency effectiveness by improving Con-
gressional liaison; continue effective liaison with State and local governments;
establish outreach programs with the private and public sector and involve citizen
participation; reaffirm and strengthen Federal agency contacts; and provide a cross-
media perspective in the review of environmental problems.
MS-5
-------
The Office of Inspector General win continue to emphasize internal and manage-
ment audits to improve the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA programs
and provide audit coverage to EPA programs and operations which have received little
or no audit coverage in the past. It will provide audit coverage for the wastewater
treatment construction grant program and EPA contracts and other grant programs.
The Office will continue its investigation of antitrust activities and other
construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiative to ferret
out fraud in EPA-funded contracts. It will further its efforts in fraud prevention
by publicizing its activities to EPA employees, identifying areas sensitive to
"fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) will build on
progress already achieved in assuring a strong System of financial internal con-
trols, including work toward integration and improvement of all Agency financial
management and accounting systems. OARM will also continue developing a program
for better information management planning, particularly between EPA and States;
maintain improvements in contracts administration; pursue a focused human resources
management effort to build a skilled career environmental workforce; and move to
the forefront in achieving significant productivity improvements. The Office
will continue to provide Agencywide budget formulation and execution, implement
funds control procedures, and examine and implement fees collection. Essential
administrative and support services to enhance the Agency's ability to fulfill
Its various mandates will also be provided.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment to
strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional planning
and management efforts. Development of State/EPA data management plans to improve
efficiency and reliability of methods for sharing environmental data will receive
priority attention.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services to
Agency programs. This request will also enable the Agency to continue its effort
to replace obsolete computers in the Regional offices, as well as cover cost es-
calations such as rent, telephone, and.utility rate increases.
MS-6
-------
Program
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMEffT & SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
P rogram Management MS -8
Program Management - Air & Radiation.. MS-12
Program Management - Mater........ HS-13
Program Management - Enforcement * Compliance Monitoring... MS-13
Program Management - External Affairs............ MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances,. ,. MS-15
Program Management - General Counsel MS-16
Program Management - Research f, Development...................... MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response....... MS-17
MS-7
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
External Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries H Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
General Counsel
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,603.7
$2,603.7
$2,580.3
$2,580.3
$330.4
$330.4
$707.8
$707.8
$2,261.7
$2,261.7
$249.7
$249.7
$2,904.2
$2,904.2
$2,740.6
$2,740.6
*
$416.7
$416.7
*,
$676.2
$676.2
$2,216.5
$2,216,5
$460.7
$460.7
$2,904.2
$2,904.2
$2,728.4
$2,728.4
$438.1
$438.1
$647.7
$647.7
$2,244.3
$2,244.3
$460.7
$460.7
$2, 904,, 2
$2,904.2
$2,726.1
$2,726.1
$438.1
$438.1
$647.7
$647.7
$2,244.3
$2,244.3
$460.7
$460.7
$2,981.1
$2,981.1
$2,870.2
$2,870.2
$450.9
$450.9
$665.3
$665.3
$2,304.4
$2,304.4
$474.3
$474.3
$76.9
$76.9
$144.1
$144.1
$12.8
$12.8
$17.6
$17.6
$60.1
$60.1
$13.6
$13.6
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET -ENACTED CURREHT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 19«7 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses $3,714.2 $3,773.7 $3,688.0 $3,696.8 $3,793.8 $97.0
TOTAL $3,714.2 $3,773.7 $3,688.0 $3,696.8 $3,793.8 $97.0
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses $2,052.8 $1,670.2 $1,670.2 $1,670.2 $1,611.3 -$58.9
TOTAL $2,052.8 $1,670.2 $1,670.2 $1,670.2 $1,611.3 -$58.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $14,500.6 $14,858.8 $14,781.6 $14,788.1 $15,151.3 $363.2
Program Management TOTAL $14,500.6 $14,858.8 $14,781.6 $14,788.1 $15,151.3 $363.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management - 5.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 10.5 2.3
A1r and Radiation
Program Management - 41.7 41.9 41.9 41.9 46.4 4.5
Mater
Program Management - 6.6 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management - 11.3 12.7 11.7 11.7 11,7
External Affairs
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3
1/1
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
PROGRAM MANAfiEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE " 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
39.6 43.5 42.5
42.8
52.7
29.3
44.3
41.2
30.0
229.2 230.8
44.3
41.1
30.0
228.7
42.5
44,3
41.1
30.0
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
43.3
46.8
.8
2.5
54.5 13.4
30.0
228.7 252.2
23.5
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
External Affairs
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
46.4
46.0
6.6
12.8
42.9
46.8
44.9
9.0
12.7
44.3
46.8
44.9.
9.0
11.7
43.3
46.8
44.9
9.0
11,7
43.3
46.8
46.4
9.0
11.7
43.3
1.5
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 198R VS 1987
*
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
6,4 10.5 10.5
56.8 57.2 54.5
34.6 32.0 32.0
10.5
54.5
32.0
10.5
54.5
30.0
-2.0
Solid Haste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS .. 252.5 257.4 252.7 252.7 252.2 -.5
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,151,300 supported by 252.2 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $363,200 and a decrease of .5 total workyears from 1987.
All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program pescription
The Program Management component provides resources for Assistant Admini-
strators, Office Directors and their immediate staffs for eight of EPA's major
offices; Air and Radiation; Water; Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring; External
Affairs; Pesticides and Toxic Substances; General Counsel; Research and Development;
and Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Resources provide for formulation of
overall management and programmatic policy, and centralized planning and budgeting
activities also include the coordination and integration of programs throughout
the Agency as well as performing liaison activities with Congress, the Office of
Management and Budget and other Federal agencies and States.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION
1988 Program Requ est
The Agency requests a total of $2,981,100 supported by 46.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $76,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears from 1987.* The increase reflects increased per-
sonnel and support costs. Major program emphases will continue to be implementa-
tion of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium
Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and development of major decisions and policies
related to these acts.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,904,200 supported by 46.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program is providing management support for implementation of
the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act. Key activities include: executive management, program planning and
analysis, resource management, and budget development. Administrative support to
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) programs is also being provided.
1987 JExp1 a nat i on of Changes f rpm the Enacted Leyel
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986 the Agency obligated $2,603,700 supported by 46.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from .the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program provided executive management, program planning and analysis; and budget
and administrative support to OAR programs.
MS-12
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PROGRAM MANASEMEKT - MATER
1988 Program ...Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,870,200 supported by 46.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $144,100 and 1.5 total workyears from 1987.
The increase provides support for the Office of Wetlands Protection created in
1987.
The 1988 request supports the development of national policy and implementation
of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and Drinking Water media.
Specific activities include: management of the Office of Water operating guidance
and accountability system; development of program plans and budget for implemen-
tation of Agency policies; development of legislative initiatives, directions and
review of regulations and program policies; support to Agency geographic init-
iatives for cross-media regulatory control and environmental results management;
tracking of budget execution and administrative management.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total $2,726,100 supported by 44.i total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program continues to focus in 1987 on the reauthorization of the Clean Water Act
and the accompanying process to implement Amendments to the Clean Water Act and the
1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Office of Wetlands Protection
has been established to provide an Agency focus on wetlands issues, including the
Section 404 program. Activities such as long-range planning and policy analysis,
budget development and execution, and administrative management will remain ongoing
activities.
1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $2,300 results from the following action:
- Reprogramming. {-$2,300} A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $2,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $2,580,300 supported by 46.0 total workyears,
all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
provided for executive management, policy and long range planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support for programs within the Office of Water. Work
continued on the reauthorization of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $450,900 supported by 9.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $12,800 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Increase reflects additional personnel and support costs.
MS-i3
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This request will be used to provide basic administrative, financial and
management services to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring. This
includes program planning, personnel management, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis and administrative services. These resources will also be used
to continue to provide support and oversight of the management operations of the
Denver National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). This level of funding
will also provide resources for budget formulation support for the legal enforcement
functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $438,100 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
This program provides program direction and management support for the Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM). In addition to supporting the
Assistant Administrator, it includes the OECM management operations functions.
The Management Operations staff is responsible for the internal program planning,
budget formulation, financial management, and administrative operations for the
entire Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring as well as budget formulation
and resource distribution for the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1987 E xpIan at ion of Changes from the Enact ed Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated $330,400 supported by 6.6 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries'and Expenses appropriation.
In 1986 this program provided basic managerial support for program planning,
personnel, budget, financial management, and administrative support services to
the Assistant Administrator. In addition, budget formulation support was provided
to the NEIC, Regional legal enforcement, and the expanding and increasingly visible
criminal Investigations program. In 1986 our emphasis was on improving management
systems. Many of these systems have been automated both to Improve management
support and to have information more readily available. Initiated in prior years,
the Enforcement Management Accountability System has worked well allowing senior
staff to monitor major enforcement projects.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $665,300 supported by 11.7 total workyears
for the program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $17,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
In 1988, this office will continue to coordinate the staff offices in External
Affairs; provide the necessary oversight, management, planning, and support services
to these staff offices; and support the Administrator and Assistant Administrators
in coordinating, representing and communicating the Agency's programs and policies
to the Congress, the public, other government entities, and the media, as well as
involving the Congress, public, government entities arid the media to provide input
into the Agency's policies.
MS-14
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $647,700 supported by 11.7
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Emphasis will be placed on strengthening our strategies and procedures for
communicating better with outside groups by informing affected parties in a
timely manner about EPA actions and the decisions and risks the Agency must
face.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the EnactedLevel
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accotnp 1 i shinents
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $707,800 supported by 12.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In
1986, the Office established a process to communicate more effectively with the
public and outside groups. This program element provided the management resources
and administrative support necessary to support the Office of External Affairs and
staff offices.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,304,400 supported by 43.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $60,100 and no change in total workyears from 1987,
These increased operating costs will support senior level management of the
.Pesticides and Toxic Substances -programs as well as the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Key activities
include: effective and efficient general management, strategic planning, and
administrative and budget support.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,244,300 supported by 43.3
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances programs as well as the Immediate Office of the Administrator for Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
1987 Explanation of Change from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Aecompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,261»700 supported by 42.9 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides and toxic Substances
programs as well as the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
HS-15
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - 6ENERAL COUNSEL
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $474,300 supported by 10.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $13,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The increase will provide for Increased operating costs.
to
The request will support executive management and planning, budgeting,
financial management, management analysis, and administrative services to the
Office of General Counsel.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $460,700 supported by 10.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program provides for executive management, planning, budgeting, financial
management, management analysis, and administrative support to the Office of
general Counsel.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1936 AccpinpHshments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $249,700 supported by 6,4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing executive management, planning, analytical
support, budgeting, financial management, and administrative services to the
Office of General Counsel.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,793,800 supported by 54.5 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $97,000 and no change in total workyears from 1987. The increase
will be used to cover the additional costs of operating the Office of Research
and Development's (ORD) program management activities.
In 1988, QRD's program management activities will provide overall direction,
scientific policy guidance and administrative support to a diversified research
program which is conducted in Headquarters in 14 major laboratories and various
field sites across the country. These activities will ensure the coordination of
research efforts and efficient utilization of resources to meet the Agency's research
requirements. Specific activities include: the formulation and dissemination of
scientific and managerial policy for ORO; the coordination of the research program
planning and budgeting cycle, Including the development of research strategies and
program plans for a balanced and integrated program; and the monitoring and analysis
of current year resources, research operations and research products.
MS-16
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency Is allocating a total of $3,696,800 supported by 54.5
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program management will continue to coordinate and Integrate the entire research
and development effort of the Agency, ensuring that needs identified by program
and Regional offices are met.
1987 Explanation of Changes from theEnacted Level
The net increase of $8,800 results from the following actions:
-Reprpgrammings. (+$8,800) Several reprogramming were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $8.800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $3,714,200 supported by 56.8 total workyears
in 1986, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources provided for the overall direction, policy guidance, management analyses,
liaison activities, program planning and budgeting, ORD's information systems, and
general administrative support.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1988^ PTogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,611,300 supported by 30.0 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $58,900 and Z.O total workyears from 1987. The workyear and dollar
decreases reflect a reduction of resources devoted to special projects. This
request will allow the Agency to continue to staff and operate a complete management
team within the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). This will
provide for a wide array of policy development and analysis activities, institutional
and public liaison functions, financial management, and other program support
activities necessary to ensure the effective operation of a national program.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,670,200 supported by 32.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER
management team to the Regions and tp the Agency. Expected accomplishments Include
the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; integration of both
program and enforcement hazardous waste and Superfund activities; and budget
preparation and justification as well as financial management.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
HS-17
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,052,800 supported by 34.6 total
workyears, all which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. An OSWER-
wide directives system was implemented which provides a comprehensive directory of
regulations, policies, and guidance for the Superfund and hazardous waste programs.
OSWER continued integrating hazardous waste and Superfund activities, managing the
review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations, including proposed
Superfund legislation, and maintaining effective management controls.
HS-18
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Office of the
Administrator
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS^20
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-25
Office of Regional Operations MS-26
Office of Executive Support.... MS-26
Regulatory Information Service Center MS-27
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-28
Office of International Activities.... MS-28
Office of Civil Rights MS-29
Science Advisory Board MS-30
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-30
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization MS-31
Office of Inspector General , , MS-33
Office of Inspector General MS-34
Office of General Counsel.... MS-36
General Counsel *...» MS-37
Office of External Affairs MS-39
Office of Legislative Analysis., , MS-42
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-43
Office of Public Affairs MS-44
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations.. MS-44
Office of Federal Activities MS-45
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation.*.,,, MS-47
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-51
Integrated Environmental Management Program...., .'.... MS-51
Office of Policy Analysis ". MS-52
Office of Standards A Regulations MS-54
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation.. MS-55
Office of Administration i Resources Management , MS-57
Program Management - Administration MS-62
Financial Management - Headquarters,... MS-63
Office of the Comptroller..., * MS-64
Contracts & Grants Management MS-65
Personnel A Organization Services...,. MS-66
Facilities & Management Services.. MS-67
Information Systems « Services MS-67
Office of Human Resources Management....... MS-68
MS-19
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
IN3
o
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regulatory Information
Service Center
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Uepresentation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries S Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$2,093.3
$2,093.3
$302.3
$302.3
$838.0
$838.0
$493.7
$493.7
$2.8
$2.8
$1,113.9
$1,113.9
$1,263.4
$1,263.4
$2,269.4
$2,269.4
$329.9
$329.9
$856.1
$856,1
$3.2
$3.2
$1,127.9
$1,127.9
$1,276.2
$1,276.2
$2,154.5
$2,154.5
$349.8 '
$349.8
$852.7
$852.7
-
$3.2
$3.2
$1,201.1
$1,201^1
$1,310.0
$1,310.0
$2,143.5
$2,143.5
$349.8
$349.8
$852.7
$852.7
$3.2
$3.2
$1,202.1
$1,202.1
$1,310.0
$1,310.0
$2,216.3
$2,216.3
$361.9
$361 .9
$870.3
$870.3
$3.2
$3.2
$1,234.3
$1,234.3
$1,347.0
$1,347.0
$72.8
$72.8
$12.1
$12.1
$17.6
$17.6
$32.2
$32.2
$37.0
$37.0
-------
I
ro
AQENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Adm1n1strator/Execut1ve Offices
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Small &
Dlsadvantaged Business-
Utilization
Salaries ft Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the Admlnl- TOTAL
$1,336.3
$1,336.3
$836.0
$836.0
$542.5
$542.5
$8,822.2
$8,822.2
$1,276.3
$1,276.3
$813.0
$813.0
$516.6
$516.6
$8,468.6
$8,468.6
$1,308.1
$1,308.1
$954.5
$954.5
$486.3
$486.3
$8,620.2
$8,620.2
$1,308.1
$1,308.1
$954.5
$954.5
$486.3
I486. 3
$8,610.2
$8,610.2
$1,363.2
$1,363.2
$978.9
$978.9
$496.1
$496.1
$8,871.2
$8,871.2
$55.1
$55.1
$24.4
$24.4
$9.8
$9.8
$261.0
$261.0
strator/Execut1ve
Offices
PERHANENT WORKYEARS
Inmedlate Office Of The 36.8 40.3 42.8 42.6 45.8 3.2
Administrator
Office of Regional 5.3 5,0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Operations
Office Of Executive 22.9 19.2 20.2 20.4 24.8 4.4
Support
-------
ro
ro
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small &
Itisadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL PERMANENT MORK.YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
18.5
20.5
11.2
15.0
8.3
138.5
39.4
5.3
24.4
20.8
22.9
19.0
21.8
14.1
15.0
6.1
140.5
43.3
5.0
23.8
22.0
23.8
19.0
21.8
14.6
16.0
6.1
145.5
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
19.0
21.8
14.6
16.0
6.1
145.5
45.6
5.0
25.0
22.0
23.8
22.0
23.8
24.4
16.6
6.9
169.3
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
3.0
2.0
9.8
.6
.8
23.8
.2
-.2
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Science Advisory Board
Office of
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET ENACTED
ESTIMATE 1987
1987 -
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
19*7 23.9 ' 24.4
15.0 15.6 16.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
24.4
16.6
REQUEST
1988
24.4
16.6.
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small 8
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.7
156.2
6.9
164.3
6.9
169.3
6.9
169.3
6.9
169.3
ro
OJ
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,871,200 supported by 169.3 total workyears
for the Office of the Administrator in 1988. This represents an increase of
$261,000 and no change 1n total workyears from 1987. All of the request will
be for the Salaries and and Expenses Appropriation. The resources will support
increased enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental and civil
rights regulations, strong executive management in the form of policy guidance,
effective communications with the Regions, and sound scientific advice for the
entire Agency.
Program Description
These resources support the Immediate Office of the Administrator and the
staff offices which report directly to the Administrator. The Administrator and
Deputy Administrator are responsible for providing policy guidance and direction
to the Agency and ensuring implementation of their policies; the staff offices
provide cross-cutting Agency guidance for scientific review of regulations and
research, international environmental initiatives, civil rights, administrative
law hearings, Regional communication, and support for small and disadvantaged
businesses.
Immediate Office of the Administrator This Office includes: the Admini-
strator and Deputy Administrator; special assistants to the Administrator and
Deputy Administrator for the various program areas; Judicial Officers; and clerical
support staff. ,
Office of Regional Operations This Office provides Headquarters with a
strong and more effective link to each of the ten Regional offices. This link
ensures that the Administrator's -policies are effectively communicated to the
Regional Administrators, that the Regions are included in the policy-making process,
that the Administrator 1s alerted to any potential Regional problems and concerns,
and that significant Regional issues are coordinated with Headquarters program
offices.
Officeof Executive Support This Office provides centralized budget plan-
ning 5niimp!ementation, resource management, personnel, computer planning, and
administrative support services to the Administrator and staff offices. The Office
also manages the Agency's correspondence and activities under the Freedom of
Information Act.
Regulatory Information Service Center *- The Center is responsible for
tabulating and compiling information provided by other Federal agencies concerning
their regulatory efforts.
Administrator's Representation Fund The fund is used for official recep-
tions, meetings, and affairs hosted primarily by the Administrator for domestic
and foreign officials.
MS-24
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Office of International Activities This Office provides guidance and manage-
ment for the Agency1 s i nternatibfiaT acti vi ties and programs with Vtestern European
countries, Japan, and the Agency's Scientific Activities Overseas (SAO) Program.
In addition, the Office manages agreements with Canada and Mexico on cross-boundary
environmental issues and oversees Agency involvement in the activities of inter-
national organizations.
Office of Civil Rights This Office manages the Agency's civil rights pro-
grams" It provides pbl icy guidance to the Administrator and evaluates activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal opportunity
and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA.
Science Advisory Board (SAB) The Board consists of a Director, professional
and clerical staff, and independent scientists and engineers who advise the Admin-
istrator on the scientific and technical basis of the Agency's decisions. They
review regulatory proposals, the adequacy of Agency research and the research
planning process, the five-year research and development plan, as well as special
requests from the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator and the Congress.
Office of Administrative Law Judges Judges from this Office preside over
and conduct hearings required by the Administrative Procedures Act related to ap-
peals of Agency regulations and decisions.
Of f i ice of Smal 1 ^an^Pt^adlyantage^ Business Utilization This Office provides
Agency-wide " overs"! ghT^fn1 Implementing programs under Sections (8) and (15) of the
Small Business Act, as amended, and develops national policy for EPA in implementing
the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise program.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
198_8 Prog'ram Requesjb
The Agency requests a total of $2,216,300 supported by 45.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $72,800 and .2 total workyears from 1987. The
Office is responsible for Agency policy and direction, leadership, and management
of environmental goals. In 1988, emphasis will be put on the Judicial Officer
function to meet the expanding number of environmental cases sent to the Admini-
strator for final decision. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Permits
and civil penalty cases are expected to increase substantially in 1988.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,143,500 supported by 4S.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The major priorities In the Immediate Office are increased emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental and civil rights
regulations, continuing delegations to State and local governments, and continuing
support of science as a basis for decision-making. In 1987, the Judicial Officer
is reviewing 20 new public water cases under the new Safe Drinking Water Amendment.
1987Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted level
The net decrease of $11,000 results from the following actions:
-ReprogranTmlngs. (-$11,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $11,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
MS-25
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,093,300 supported by 39.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major focus of activity was to pursue delegation of programs
to State and local governments, support science as a basis for decision-making and
risk management, and enforcement and compliance efforts to ensure better internal
management.
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $361,900 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $12,100 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Office will continue to ensure that the Administrator's policies are effectively
communicated to the Regional Administrators; that the Administrator is alerted to
potential Regional problems and concerns;, and that the Administrator is assisted
in managing significant Regional issues. The Office will also increase emphasis
on addressing the basic management needs of the Environmental Services Divisions.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $349,800 and 5.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office is continuing to provide a key communications link between the Admini-
strator and the ten Regional offices, and is involved in Regional budget issues.
The Office is also placing emphasis on providing guidance and coordination for the
ten Environmental Services Divisions.
1987 Explan.at1.on of Changes from the Enacted[.Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986Accomplishments'
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $302,300 and 5.3 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively communicated to
the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in the policy-making
and decision-making processes, and that the Administrator was kept Informed of
Regional concerns arid issues. In addition, the Office carried out its responsi-
bility as the Headquarters focal point for the Agency's Environmental Services
Divisions.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1988 P rogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $870,300 supported by 24.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $17,600 and a decrease of .2 total workyears from
1987. This Office will continue to provide monitoring of resource expenditures,
develop the out-year budget for the staff offices, provide centralized personnel
and management support services, and provide assistance to staff offices with
recruitment, staffing, and property control. The Office will continue to prepare a
MS-26
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yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public of admini-
stering the Freedom of Information Act, to provide policy and program oversight on
the Freedom of Information Act, to provide policy and program oversight on the
Freedom of Information program, and to manage and track executive and Congressional
correspondence.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $852,700 supported by 25.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office is responsible for administrative, personnel, and
budget support to the Administrator's staff offices and management of the Agency s
correspondence and its Freedom of Information program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $838,000 supported by 24.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan reports,
developed the out-year budget for the staff offices and workload analysis for
Regional Management, in addition to providing personnel advice, assistance and
staffing plan development, program management services, and resource and computer
planning studies for the Administrator's staff offices. The Office logged, con-
trolled, and tracked all Freedom of Information requests, Congressional corres-
pondence, and correspondence addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy Adminis-
trator.
REGULATORY INFORMATION SERVICES CENTER
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for the Regulatory Information Services Center
in 1988. This function will be funded by the General Services Administration.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating no resources for the Regulatory Information
Services Center. This function is funded by the General Services Administration.
1987Explanation of Changes from the EnactedLevel
There Is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 AccompJ i shment_s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $493,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Center coordinated
the publication of the UnifjedAgenda of FederalRegulations for October 1985 and
April 1986. The Center WsT'ut 11 i zedits automated data base of Federal government
regulatory activity and conducted a monthly analysis of Federal Register statistics.
HS-27
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ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,200 for this program, all of which will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change from 1987.
This fund will enable the Administrator to host official receptions, meetings, and
affairs for visiting dignitaries and officials.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,200 for this program, all of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to cover
the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1 986
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,800 for this program, all of which
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount covered the expenses
of official receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1 988 P rograrn Request
. t
The Agency requests a total of $1,234,300 supported by 22.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $32,200 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Office will continue to manage the Agency's international activities and pro-
grams with an active role in bilateral agreements, such as the transboundary
pollution management agreements with Mexico and Canada, and International
organizations. Among the international organizations with which the Office will
play an active role are the Office for Economic and Cooperation Development, the
United Nations Environment Programme and the Economic Commission for Europe. In
addition, the Office will serve as the Federal Agency Coordinator for the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Committee on Challenges on Modern
Societies (CCMS).
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,202,100 supported by 22.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office continues to provide guidance, coordination and
exchange of scientific and technical information on a regular basis in support of
Agency programs. The Office also promotes agreed-upon approaches to common
environmental problems with border countries, including development of an environ-
mental agreement with Mexico to control border sanitation problems and with
Canada for guidance on international acid precipitation and renegotiation of a
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
MS-28
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
The net increase of $1,000 results from the following action:
-Reprograip1ng» (+$1,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $1,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,113,900 supported by 20.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Dealing with border pollution problems with Canada and Mexico dominated the focus
of the Office. This Included negotiations with Canada on transboundary air quality
issues including ozone, and negotiations with Mexico concerning a new border
agreement on control of border sanitation problems. New initiatives were also
taken in support of bilateral cooperation with the USSR and China. Emphasis was
also directed towards the harmonization of regulatory practices to meet environ-
mental objectives and to facilitate trade and the environmental aspects of trade
in chemicals and the shipment of hazardous wastes.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,347,000 supported by 23.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $37,000 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
In 1988, the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) will continue to provide technical guidance
and direction to the.Agency's Civil Rights efforts. The Office will continue to
guide the execution of policy and implementation of the discrimination complaints
processing system and maintain policy monitoring and support for Regional Civil
Rights Offices, including Headquarters Office of Civil Rights. OCR will also con-
tinue to monitor affirmative action plan Implementation; maintain the Equal Employ-
ment Opportunity (EEQ) counseling program; and continue to resolve complaints
through Informal conciliation. The Office will strengthen and improve the special
emphasis programs by conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis em-
ployees and Agency managers; and continue to conduct EEO reviews and studies and
provide management support and quality control through on-site program evaluations.
OCR will continue to implement of the Agency's regulations regarding non-discrimin-
ation 1n Federally-assisted programs.
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,310,000 supported by 23.8 total workyears
for this progran, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These resources enable the Office of Civil Rights to continue to provide technical
guidance and direction for the Agency's C1v1l Rights efforts. Increased emphasis
is placed on reducing the average processing time for discrimination complaints,
expanding the special emphasis program management to include full-time Black
Employment ind Federal Women's program management; and strengthening the Agency's
participation in the Historically Black Colleges and Universities program.
1987Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
MS-29
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1986 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,263,400 supported by 22.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Civil Rights improved the external complaints system, provided
training to Office of Civil Rights' staff and Agency managers, expanded Agency-
wide recruitment efforts; provided technical guidance and direction for the Agency's
civil rights efforts; and provided continuous monitoring of affirmative action
plan implementation. This Office also expanded and improved the Equal Employment
Opportunity (EEO) counseling program; strengthened and improved special emphasis
programs; strengthened the Agency's participation in the Historically Black Colleges
and Universities Program; and Improved the implementation of the Agency's policy of
non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,363,200 supported by 24.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $55,100 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Administrator will identify approximately 75 regulatory issues for the Science
Advisory Board (SAB) to review in 1988. The increased number of issues will Include
12 new water reviews related to the Safe Drinking Water Act.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,308,100 supported by 24.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Science Advisory Board provides expert, independent advice
to the Administrator and the Agency on §4 scientific and technical issues before
the Agency.
1987 Explanation of Changes fromthe EnactedLevel
There is no change from the enacted level of-the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomp1i shments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,336,300 supported by 19.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The SAB was involved in 54 reviews during 1986. Included among these reviews
were issues relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxic substances, radioactive
waste disposal standards, asbestos In drinking water, hazardous waste incineration
at sea and on land, nitrogen dioxide health effects, and toxic air pollutants.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAM JUDGES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $978,900 supported by 16.6 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $24,400 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
In 1988, this Office will continue to preside over and conduct hearings required by
MS-30
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the Administrative Procedures Act related to suspension, cancellation, licensing
and enforcement actions, including the assessment of civil penalties initiated by
the Agency. Preliminary estimates indicate that there will be approximately 1000
cases on the Office of Administrative Law Judge's (ALJ) docket, an increase of
approximately 140 cases from 1987.
1987
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $954,500 supported by 16.6 total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The ALJ
expects to receive approximately 860 cases from EPA Regional offices in 1987. Of
this total, approximately 190 cases are under the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA), 515 cases under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and 135
cases under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In
addition, this Office handles approximately 20 cases originating at Headquarters,
including suspensions; cancellation; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act {FIFRA); and Clean Air Act cases.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $836,000 supported by 15.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This Office maintained a docket of 820 cases. Of these cases, 177 were
under RCRA; 490 were under TSCA; and 131 cases were under FIFRA. In addition, the
Office adjudicated civil rights cases investigated by the- Office of Civil Rights.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVAKTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $496,100 supported by 6.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $9,800 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Office will continue to provide technical assistance to both Headquarters
and Regional program office personnel to ensure that small, minority and/or
women's businesses are receiving a "fair share" of procurement dollars under EPA' s
Financial Assistance Program. In addition, the Ombudsman will respond to approx-
imately 8,000 inquiries from small firms on regulatory matters.
1987 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $486,300 supported by 6.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1987, emphasis is placed on handling additional "Hotline" calls, Implementing
a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating business regulatory outreach demon-
stration projects, and promoting Minority Business Enterprise and Women's Business
Enterprise participation in the Agency's financial assistance programs to comply
with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office is monitoring and providing
advice on the many new regulations that Will bring about the desired level of
voluntary compliance by several thousand mainstream businesses.
HS-31
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1987 Explanation of Changes fr_qni_the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $542,500 supported by 8,7 total work-
years for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and financial
assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance; provided assis-
tance toward increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/ Women's Business
Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EPA-assisted programs; and provided technical
and managerial assistance to Headquarters and Regional staff assigned to socio-
economic program activities, and counselled minority and women's businesses in
compliance with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office also assisted in
carrying out a White House conference on small business.
MS-32
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Office of Inspector
General
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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CO
CO
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL BUDGET -ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Salaries * Expenses $14,434.2 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,952.5 $203.8
TOTAL $14,434.2 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 S14,952.5 $203.8
TOTAL:
Salaries 8 Expenses $14,434.2 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,952.5 $203.8
Office of Inspector TOTAL $14,434.2 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,748.7 $14,952.5 $203.8
General
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 223.3 218.4 218.4 218.4 219.7 1.3
General
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 223.3 218.4 . 218.4 218.4 219.7 1,3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 228.9 222.4 222.4 222.4 219.7 -2.7
General
TOTAL WORKYEARS 228.9 222.4 222.4 222.4 219.7 -2.7
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
OfficeofInspector.General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,952,500 supported by 219.7 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $203,800 and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears from 1987.
All of this request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Prog ram Desc ri pt i on
This office is responsible for conducting, supervising, and coordinating
audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations; promoting
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs;
preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; keeping
the Administrator and the Congress advised of problem areas and related corrective
action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,952,500 supported by 219.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $203,800 and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears from
1987. The increase in dollars will finance increased travel and other support
costs. The decrease in workyears reflects reductions in the need for audit and
investigative efforts.
The resources requested will be used by the Office of Inspector General (OIG)
to continue conducting internal and management audits to improve the economy,
effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA programs and provide audit coverage to EPA
programs and operations which have received little or no attention in the past.
We will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at achieving environmental results and
ensuring strong enforcement. These programs include (1) pesticides and toxics, (2)
hazardous waste disposal, and (3) air and water quality. We also plan to continue
our program of external audits of grants and contracts, which have historically
provided $11.30 in recovered costs for each audit dollar spent.
The OIG will continue its investigations of antitrust activities and other
construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiatives including
examinations of possible antitrust activities by architectural and engineering
firms and conspiracies to defraud involving contract laboratories. By focusing
its efforts on higher quality cases such as fraud in vulnerable areas and by taking
more proactive initiatives, it expects to attain greater results including indict-
ments, convictions, and monetary recoveries. It will continue its efforts in
fraud prevention, publicizing its activities to EPA employees, identifying areas
sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,748,700 supported by 222.4
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Inspector General is continuing its efforts in performing internal
MS-34
-------
and management audits needed to help Improve the economy, efficiency, and effective-
ness of overall program operations. Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs
or areas in which sufficient audit resources have not been devoted in the past.
For example, such reviews include EPA's efforts to enforce requirements to prevent
air pollution from stationary sources; assuring the adequacy of EPA's and the
States' ability to track and manage hazardous wastes; determining the adequacy
of the Quality Assurance Program for EPA's research and development activities;
and determining the adequacy of the Agency's oversight and control of underground
injection control wells. Such reviews assist Agency managers in identifying
and correcting major systemic problems which, in turn, strengthen environmental
programs. These reviews are ultimately directed at helping the Agency to meet
its mission while at the same time ensuring that limited resources are used more
effectively and efficiently.
016 investigative resources are devoted to conducting criminal investigations
relating to EPA programs and operations. Major investigative categories include
bid-rigging and other types of fraud in EPA-funded construction activities: pro-
curement fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct involving EPA employees; and
administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA programs and personnel.
New initiatives have been aggressively, undertaken to identify fraud in the contract
laboratory program. Continued efforts are being made to encourage the use of the
OIG hotline to uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement.
Under the Fraud Prevention Program, the OIG is providing technical and audit
assistance to elements of the Agency by assessing the adequacy of internal controls
as required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.
1987 Explanation of Changes from tjie_J|naicted^jLev(el
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
* *
In 1986, the Agency obligated « total of $14,434,200- supported by 228.9
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Inspector General issued 1,575 audit reports which
questioned costs of $110,100,000. On an overall basis, $70,000,000 of costs
questioned were sustained by Agency management. During the year, the Agency
obtained $25,700,000 of cost efficiencies and $25,500,000 of actual cash recoveries
as a result of audit efforts. An expanded internal and management audit program
was implemented and about 35 percent of the OIG audit resources were devoted to
examining many critical areas which had not before been tested at EPA. Internal
audits provided recommendations for improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and
results of program operations.
Key Improvements included: (1) strengthening the asbestos-in-schools rule to
better protect students and employees from asbestos hazards; (2) increasing penalty
amounts and promoting better collection and followup to ensure that the Clean Air
Act is effectively enforced; and (3) strengthening the Agency's ability to monitor
and administer grants and contracts related to cleaning up the Chesapeake Bay.
The OIG opened 336 new investigations and closed 420 investigations, obtaining 80
indictments and convictions. Significant results were achieved in investigations
of construction-related fraud and the submission of fraudulent documentation
involving foreign vehicles.
MS-35
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Office of General
Counsel
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel
ACTUAL BUDGET' ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of General
Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $6,666.0 $6,414,9 $6,514.9 $6,514.9 $6,625.8 $110.9
TOTAL $6,666.0 $6,414.9 $6,514.9 $6,514.9 $6,625.8 $110.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $6,666.0 $6,414.9 $6,514.9 $6,514.9 $6,625.8 $110.9
Office of General -TOTAL $6,666.0 $6,414.9 $6,514.9 $6,514.9 $6,625.8 $110.9
Counsel
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of General 106.2 119.3 119.3 119.3 125.5 6.2
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 106.2 119.3 119.3 119.3 125,5 6.2
TOTAL HQRKYEARS
(Iffice Of General 118,7 126.5 126.5 126.5 125.5 -1.0
Counsel
TOTAL MORKYEARS U8.7 126.5 126.5 126.5 125.5 -1.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,625,800 supported by 125.5 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $110,900 and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears from 1987.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of General Counsel provides legal advice and counsel to the
Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal interpre-
tation of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, and such matters
as personnel, grants, and contracts. In addition, the program is responsible
for litigation activity 1n which EPA is a defendant. These resources provide
legal advice to the Agency in all major regulatory actions, or other Agency
actions in which litigation is likely, to ensure that legal error 1s avoided
and legal positions are presented in the most persuasive manner.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1988 P rogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,625,800 supported by 125.5 total work-
years for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation* This represents an increase of $110,900 and a decrease of 1.0
total workyears from 1987. The increase will provide for Increased operating
costs. The decrease reflects a streamlining of program operations.
Priority functions in 1988 will include handling all litigation in which EPA is
a defendant and consultation and advice regarding interpretation and implementation
of regulations, statutes, and administrative procedures.
In addition, support will be provided for accelerated Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) rulemakings; RCRA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) and Safe Drinking Water Act (SOWA) permit reviews; and adjudicatory
proceedings related to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA).
Legal support will also be provided in development of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), State Implementation Plan (SIP)
reviews; and Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) activities.
198.7 program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,514,900 supported by 126.5
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The 1987 program provides continued support to Agency program
priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation,
review of Agency rulemaking actions, and participating in selected administrative
proceedings.
MS-37
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1987 Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted Level
There Is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
1986 Accpmfilishinents
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,666,000 supported by 118.7 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In
1986, the General Counsel supported Agency priorities by providing legal advice
and support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed
against it. The Office of General Counsel also reviewed regulatory actions
to ensure legal defensibility and provided advice on other actions, such as grants,
contracts, and personnel matters.
MS-38
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Office of External
Affairs
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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10
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
PERMANENT
Office Of
Analysis
Office
Liaison
Office
Affairs
Office
Of
of
of
WORKYEARS
Legislative
Congressional
Public
Community and
ACTUAL
1986
15.
15.
41.
11.
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
4 13.9
4 19.5
6 41.6
0 11.4
ENACTED
'1987
THOUSANDS)
13.
19.
41.
11.
9
5
6
4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
13
19
38
14
.9
.5
.6
.4
REQUEST
1988
20.4
21.0
43.6
14.4
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
6.5
1.5
5.0
31.8
115.2
24.8
26.8
26,8
31,8
5.0
111.2 113.2 113.2 131.2 18.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Office of Public
Affairs
18.3
17.8
46.6
20.9
21.5
46.6
20.9
21.5
46.6
20.9
21.5
43.6
20.4
Hl.O
43.6
-.5
-.5
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
12*8 11.4 11.4
36.4
131.9
29.8
130.2
31.8
132.2
14.4
31.8
132.2
14.4
31.8
131.2
-1.0
3
c/>
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of External Affairs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,953,900 supported by 131.2 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $107,000 and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears from 1987.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
These resources Include the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator, the Office of Legislative Analysis, the
Office of Congressional Liaison, the Office of Public Affairs, the Office of
Community and Intergovernmental Relations, and the Office of Federal Activities.
The Office of External Affairs provides a clear interpretation of the Agency's
programs and priorities by improving Congressional liaison, by establishing out-
reach to broaden our public involvement through State and local contacts, public
interest groups, and citizen participation,
Office of Legislative Analysis -- This Office is responsible for preparing
Agency draft legisTafioh, developing testimony for Agency officials to present
before Congress, and conducting analyses of environmentally-related legislation
developed by the Congress. It works closely with the Administrator, Assistant
Administrator for External Affairs, and the program and Regional offices in de-
veloping the Agency's legislative program and in guiding specific legislative
proposals through the legislative review process* This office also maintains the
Agency's Legislative Reftrence Library and provides legislative research services
for the Agency.
Off1ce ofCong, ressjonal L1 a1son This Office serves as the principal point
of Congressional contact for the Agency* It provides dally summaries of Congres-
sional activities throughout EPA and provides recommendations, advice, and assist-
ance to the Administrator, Assistant Administrator for External Affairs, and other
senior policy officials involved in the development, presentation, and Implemen-
tation of the Agency's legislative program. The Office reviews all Congressional
correspondence, responds to Congressional requests for information and Agency
publications, and coordinates grant and contract announcements to Congress.
Office of Public Affairs This Office 1s the Agency focal point for media
relations and publicInformation, Activities include: preparing press releases
and feature materials for media distribution; responding to press inquiries; con-
ducting press conferences and briefings; coordinating media appearances of key
Agency officials; and compiling dai]y and weekly news clips of national press
coverage. The Office also prepares publications for the general public on major
programs and EPA activities; produces newsletters for Internal EPA use; supports
television and radio outlets nationwide with audiovisiual materials explaining EPA
programs; and reviews all public information materials for compliance with the
Agency's Graphics Standards System.
MS-41
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Office of Community and Intergoyernniient_aj_Re1at1ons This Office, formerly
titled the Officeof Private and Public Sector Liaison, serves as the Agency's
principal point of contact with major national public interest groups, environmental
groups, industry representatives, and State and local governments, and advises the
Administrator and other Agency officials on the positions and views of these groups
and develops appropriate strategies for effective interactions and dialogue with
them and their constituencies. The Office will continue to emphasize the Adminis-
trator's concern for developing cooperation and support for delegating Agency
programs to State and local government and for broadening the base of involvement
in the Agency's regulatory decision making process, and for ensuring citizen in-
volvement in Agency decisions and actions.
Office of Federal Activities (OFA) This Office develops national policies
for deal ing with envi ronmental issues and problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, OFA: 1) ensures that EPA prepares Environmental Impact Statements
(EIS) or Findings of No Significant Impact for those Agency programs specifically
covered by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and assists Agency programs
with reviews that are the functional equivalent for those programs that are not
specifically covered by NEPA. It oversees Federal facility compliance with all EPA
pollution control requirements, pursuant to Executive Order 12088, 3) ensures that
Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally sound manner
pursuant to the NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, It also develops
policies for dealing with environmental problems on Indian reservations and
implements such policies, and files and publishes notices of all Federal EISs 1n
support of the Council on Environmental Quality.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS
1988 Program Request
Ttre Agency requests a total of $944,300 supported by 20.4 total workyears for
this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $800 and .5 total workyears from 1987. During
1988, the Office will continue to ensure that testimony, draft legislation,
and analyses and reports on pending and proposed legislation will be developed
and provided to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Congress 1n a
timely manner and consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $945,100 supported by 20.9 total
workyears for this office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. The Office of Legislative Analysis provides leadership and support for
special Agency working groups to draft legislative initiatives, develops testimony
and provides required reports on legislation to Congress and OMB.
1987 Explanatlon of Changes from the Enacted Levels
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $843,100 supported by 18.3 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the,Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office developed draft legislative proposals extending the appro-
priations required for all of EPA's major statutory authorities: Clean Water Act;
Clean A1r Act; Safe Drinking Water Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act;
MS-42
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Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; Toxic Substances Control Act;
and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. In addition, the office
did extensive drafting and analyses in connection with the reauthorization of the
comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund).
The Office began preparation of the 1987 legislative program and selected areas in
which legislative proposals would be developed in the 100th Congress, In 1986 the
Office developed testimony and related material for 76 hearings, reviewed and re-
sponded to 169 bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional Committees,
reviewed 104 draft legislative reports proposed by other agencies, and reviewed
102 statements or testimony of other agencies. The Office also provided recom-
mendations to the President on 15 enrolled bills.
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $868,300 supported by 21.0 total workyears for
this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $23,300 and .5 total workyears from 1987. The budget
request will enable the office to provide effective day-to-day liaison with the
Congress and will ensure that Member and Committee requests are handled in a timely
manner. The Office will continue to represent the views of the Agency before
Congress, coordinate EPA related hearings, and supervise daily interaction with
Congressional Members and staff.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $891,600 supported by 21.5 total
workyears for this office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office of Congressional Liaison represents the views of the Agency be-
fore Congress and is responsible for the coordination of EPA-related hearings, the
briefing of affected Congressional delegations, and the supervision of Congression-
ally generated casework and all daily interaction with Congressional Members and
staff. Special attention in the 99th Congress was placed on Congressional actions
involving such major pieces of legislation as the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), Clean Water Act, and Safe
Drinking Water Act. Action on the Clean Air Act and Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) also continues to be significant.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $24,300 results from the following action:
-Reprogranmlngs. (+$24,300) A reprogramming was made to this activity
which was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This
change resulted in a net increase of $24,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $784,500 supported by 17.8 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-to-day
Congressional contacts, including more than 220 briefings of members and/or Staff,
involvement in approximately 50 hearings, and coordination of more than 80 specific
Committee investigative information requests.
HS-43
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OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,508,400 supported by 43.6 total workyears
for this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $65,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
In 1988, the Office of Public Affairs will continue to inform, educate, and involve
the public on the issues before the Agency and to promote understanding of trie
Agency's mission and the Administrator's goals and objectives. The Office will
work to strengthen EPA community relations, and continue long-range planning
of public information activities in coordination with EPA program offices and
the Regional offices.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,442,800 supported by 43.6
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and providing informa-
tional materials for the general public, the Office of Public Affairs is emphasizing:
(1) leadership and guidance to strengthen EPA community relations activities,
(2) coordination within the Agency of communication activities related to major
Agency actions, and (3) continued long-range planning of public information act-
ivities in coordination with major EPA program offices and the Regional offices.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
The net decrease of $158,900 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$158,900) Several reprogramming were made to this activity
"which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming -limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$158,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accompl 1shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,419,900 supported by 46.6 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media and
providing information material to the public, the Office improved the cost-
effectiveness of the information program by focusing on Agency priority issues of
broad concern to the public, strengthened its system for keeping appropriate Agency
personnel informed of community relations activities, and provided communications
support for major EPA initiatives, including groundwater protection and a national
air toxics strategy,
OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
1988 P r og ram Request
The Agency requests a total of $812,500 supported by 14.4 total workyears for
this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $18,400 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
In 1988, the Office will continue its implementation of leadership and guidance
activities to support community relations efforts throughout the Agency, to main-
MS-44
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tain Agency liaison with State and local officials while increasing activities to
enhance technology transfer capabilities, and to increase Agency communications
with private sector organizations not traditionally involved in environmental
efforts. The Office will also provide continuing assistance in the delegation of
environmental programs to State and local governments, arrange and attend meetings,
and encourage involvement in the regulatory process.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $794,100 supported by 14.4
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office, newly reorganized under a name which more accurately
reflects the external constituencies it serves, will develop and begin implementa-
tion of Agency guidance and leadership in community relations activities for speci-
fic media programs through national organizations and communications strategies
which allow maximum appropriate public involvement in EPA's decisions. The Office
is continuing to enhance EPA's relationships with the States through the ongoing
State/EPA Committee and its various ad-hoc work groups, developing ongoing com-
munications with major environmental and other interest groups and private sector
organizations whose interests provide a foundation for private/public sector
partnership.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $659,600 supported by 12.8 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. During 1986, the Office established an ongoing series of brief.ings
for major national environmental organizations, began implementing the Agency's
Youth Program, absorbed and redirect the staff of EPA's Community Relations
.Division from the Office of Public Affairs, and through the State/EPA Committee
addressed major national environmental concerns of both States and EPA. The office
also reorganized into divisions with responsibilities to State and local officials
and Intergovernmental organizations and to business, labor, environmental, civic and
youth organizations.
OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $1,820,400 supported by 31.8 total workyears
for this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $47,100 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The Office of Federal Activities (OFA) will maintain oversight concerning EPA's
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), including preparation
of the necessary environmental documents for NEPA compliance, such as environmental
impact statements (EISs). OFA will direct activities to assure compliance by
other Federal agencies with all environmental statutes pursuant to Executive Order
12088. The Office will review the budget plans of other agencies to assure adequate
funding of abatement projects pursuapt to Office of Management and Budget Circular
A-106, review other Federal agencies' projects and actions, including their EISs
in accordance with section 309 of the Clean Air Act and NEPA, and coordinate the
implementation of EPA programs on Indian reservations. The Office will continue
to file Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) with the Council on Environmental
Quality (CEQ).
MS-45
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,773,300 supported by 31.8
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office continues to: ensure that EPA programs operate in
comfonnance with NEPA, related environmental laws and executive orders; direct
activities pursuant to Executive Order 12088 and Office of Management and Budget
Circular A-106 related to compliance of Federal installations with environmental
regulations; review other Federal actions for potential environmental impact;
develop guidance, and direct implementation of EPA policies associated with other
Federal agencies and increase liaison activities with these agencies; oversee
the implementation of EPA's Indian Policy; and operate the Federal EIS filing
effort.
1987 Explanation of Change fromthe Enacted^ Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,856,800 supported by 36.4 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office focused its activity on; improving allocation and control of fund-
ing for the preparation of NEPA documents; implementing new procedures for both
review of Federal agency actions and interaction with other agencies as required by
NEPA and section 309 of the Clean Air Act; increasing emphasis on compliance of
Federal Agencies with Federal statutory environmental requirements-, and developing
and initially implementing an Agency policy on Indian tribes and reservation lands.
MS-46
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Office of Policy,
Planning &
Evaluation
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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jEs,
--a
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy .'Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Standards *
Regulations
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses -
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Policy. TOTAL
$838.5
$838.5
$3,135,7
$3,135.7
$6,762.5
$6,762.5
$4,784.6
$4,784.6
$2,636.7
$2,636.7
$18,158.0
$18,158.0
$826.0
$826.0
$3,553.6
$3,553.6
$9,359.8
$9,359.8
$4,870.7
$4,870.7
$2,611.2
$2,611.2
$21,221.3
$21,221.3
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
$826.0
$826.0
$3,553.6
$3,553.6
$9,599.8
19,599.8
$4,870.7
- $4,870.7
$2,611.2
$2,611.2
$21,461.3
$21,461.3
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
$826.0
$826.0
$3,553.6
$3,553.6
$9,599.8
$9,599.8
$4,870.7
$4,870.7
$2,611.2
$2,611.2
$21,461.3
$21,461.3
REQUEST
1988
$848.7
$848.7
$2,891.8
$2,891.8
$9,935.7
$9,931.7
$5,122.2
$5,122.2
$2,751.8
$2,751.8
$21,550.2
$21,550.2
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
$22.7
$22.7
-$661.8
-$661 .8
$335.9
$335,9
$251.5
$251.5
$140.6
$140.6
$88.9
$88.9
Planning and Evaluation
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
*»
oo
F'rograw Management -
Policy, Planning And .
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
12.4
15.2
49.1
55.5
48.6
13.9
18.0
52.0
58.0
48.0
13.9
18.0
54.0
58.0
48.0
13.9
18.0
54.0
58.0
48.0
14.9
19.0
62.9
55.0
1.0
1.0
8.9
69.3 11.3
7.0
180.8 189.9 191.9 191.9 221.1 29.2
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
14.9 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.9
19.3 22.0 22.0 22.0 19.0 -3.0
60.6 62.9 64.9 64.9 62.9 -2.0
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Standards & 67.8 67.8 '67.8 67.8 69.3 1.5
Regulations
Office of. Management 54.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0
Systems & Evaluation
TOTAL HORKYEARS 216.6 222.6 224.6 224.6 221.1 -3.5
4=.
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,550,200 supported by 221.1 total workyears
for 1988, an Increase of $88,900 and a decrease of 3.5 total workyears from 1987.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
P rogram Descri ption
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation {OPPE), under the guidance of
the Assistant Administrator, directs the Agency's regulation development and review
process, formulates Agency policy, and develops planning strategy.
Specifically, OPPE reviews all EPA regulations to ensure consistency with
Agency policy, coordinates all internal Agency reviews of regulations, and examines
regulatory alternatives. Through Its analyses of the economic and environmental
effects of EPA's regulations, policies, and guidance as well as evaluations of the
effectiveness of ongoing Agency programs, OPPE plays an integral role in policy
formulation. Besides developing a framework for a well-run strategic planning
process, OPPE ensures that EPA's program objectives and environmental goals are
clearly defined and met.
In addition, OPPE leads the Agency in forward thinking on such special Issues
as global climate, risk communication, and integrated environmental management. It
promotes Innovative ways of achieving environmental results by emphasizing risk
reduction; a coordinated, cross-media approach; and efficient and effective delivery
of environmental results.
Program Management -'Policy, Planning and Evaluation This Office supports
the Assistant Administrator's Immediate Office and provides senior OPPE managers
with policy direction, program planning, and budgeting and resource management.
Integrated Environmental Management Program (IEMP) This Program implements
pollution management strategies through Federal-level, state-level, and geographic-
specific approaches to program integration.
Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) -- This Office conducts analyses of the
economic impacts, feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of regulations,
policies, and guidance, and advises senior EPA managers on how the results of such
analyses should influence Agency decision-making.
Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR),-- This Office manages the Agency's
regulation development and review process, improves the statistical and technical
quality of EPA regulations and data collection, and develops innovative approaches
and alternatives to regulation.
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) This Office operates
the Agency's central planning and management process and conducts program
effectiveness studies and Regional planning initiatives in order to ensure that
Programs achieve the Agency's objectives.
MS-50
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1 988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $848,700 supported by 14.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $22,7.00 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
This request will provide the Assistant Administrator with sufficient staff
and resources for policy direction, special analyses, and budgetary and adminis-
trative support necessary to manage the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
(OPPE), and its components efficiently and effectively. These activities will
include review of EPA statutory authority with a focus on statutory provisions or
gaps which fail to allow appropriate consideration of health and environmental
effects and program costs when making regulatory decisions, and response to General
Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $826,000 supported by 14.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This program is providing overall policy direction and conducting the
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE. The statutory review
project is focusing on a comparative analysis of toxics statutory provisions and a
study of Federal and state statutory provisions.
1987 ExplMaMon of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1 986 Accomp 1 i s hment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated' a total of $838,500 supported by 14.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These funds supported the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic,
and planning activities necessary to manage OPPE.
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $2,891,800 supported by 19.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $661,800 and 3.0 total workyears. The decreases
reflect conclusion of some Integrated Environmental Management Program (IEMP)
projects including air toxics work ' initiated in 1986 and industrial modeling.
IEMP will provide critical support for technical analysis in scientific
procedures, focusing on transfer of risk analysis techniques to Regions and States
and completing methodologies for assessing non-cancer human health effects. It
will complete the Denver project and begin its last site-specific project evaluating
constraints to delegation of pollution control decision-making to the State and
local levels. It also will begin the transition from these methodology-building,
site-specific pollution control initiatives to institutionalization of cross-media
risk, cost analysis, and decision-making by sponsoring ten new State-level integra-
tion programs. These programs will be negotiated with the States and Regions and
MS-51
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will merge IEMP methodology with state management and personnel to achieve specific
environmental results. The IEMP will provide oversight and technical assistance
to the states, taking advantage of experience gained from geographic projects;
crossmedia risk analysis; cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses; communica-
tion with the public in pollution control decision-making; and delegation of
decision-making to non-Federal levels of government. In addition, IEMP will docu-
ment all of its geographic and state pilot projects which will be an essential
resource for localities and States as they undertake their own site-specific
projects.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,553,600 supported by 22.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, IEMP is completing its cross-media modeling for sludge,
its pesticides modeling analysis, and the user-friendly computer program that will
help IEMP transfer its integrated models to Regional, State, and local environmental
programs. It also is continuing analyses of non-cancer health effects of pollutants
of concern in Federal and site-specific integration projects. Through its site-
specific integration projects, it is assisting regulatory agencies at all levels of
government in trying to improve their ability to set priorities for toxics evaluation
and possible control across media, and to devise toxics control strategies for
priority problems that combine explicit cost-effectiveness considerations with
statutory and administrative ease of implementation. The IEMP is continuing its
work in Denver and is completing site-specific projects in Baltimore, Santa Clara
Valley, and Kanawha Valley.
1987 Explanation of Change^^frja^^jthe Ejiacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,135,700 supported by 19.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
These resources allowed IEMP to continue analyses of the priorities identified
in the screening phase for its Baltimore and Santa Clara projects. As part of the
Air Toxics Strategy, IEMP undertook a national screening program to identify prior-
ity geographic sites for multi-media analysis as well as a new site-specific program
for multi-media pollution analysis and control. The five State Pilot Projects for
Improved Environmeatal Decision-Making proceeded. In addition, IEMP developed its
user friendly computer model and continued to build models applicable to inter-media
issues (pesticides application, ground water, ocean dumping) and to industry subsec-
tors (pulp and paper, foundries, and organic chemicals).
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,935,700 supported by 62.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $335,900 and a decrease of 2.0 total workyears from
1987. The increase will sustain a viable economic research program within the
Office of Policy Analysis (OPA). The workyear decrease results from the completion
of the global climate change studies.
WS-52
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OPA will oversee implementation of Executive Order 12291, focusing on new
stationary and mobile source controls, new drinking water standards, the National
Estuaries Program, wetlands, non-point sources, Subtitle D regulations for indus-
trial landfills and mining waste, alternatives for revising definition of hazardous
waste and improving the listing/deli sting process, and new activities concerning
stratospheric ozone protection and global climate change. OPA will continue its
efforts to improve EPA's abilities and the public's understanding in the areas of
risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication through training and by
working with the programs to implement risk-based decision making. Its Benefits
Program will concentrate on materials damage assessment, enforcement issues in haz-
ardous waste, and risk estimation for pesticide decisions. The Economic Research
Program will proceed with its major pesticides policy project and look at improved
morbidity risk valuation and labeling for toxic chemicals and pesticides as a sup-
plement to traditional regulation. It also will expand methodology development and
testing for risk communication as an alternative to regulation for problems like
indoor radon, abandoned waste sites, conventional and toxic air pollutants, and
pollutants in drinking water.
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,699,800 supported by 64.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, OPA is continuing to oversee the Agency's implementation
of Executive Order 12291, producing analyses of the Agency's highest priority regu-
latory actions including major air issues, new drinking water standards, implica-
tions of proposed Subtitle D standards, initial deep-well ban decisions, and the
final leaking underground storage tank regulations as well as non-regulation speci-
fic initiatives such as geographic-based environmental management (e.g., Great Lakes
region) and risk and benefits-based enforcement. OPA is leading Agency efforts on
global climate change, looking at impacts of sea level rise and temperature and rain-
fall changes, with special attention to implications for EPA programs. OPA is repre-
senting IPA in the interagency National Climate Program and is supporting the United'
States delegation to the international negotiations on chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
through its continuing CFC work. OPA also is performing analyses of risk management
across programs. In addition, OPA's Benefits Program is still focusing on advanced
treatment and pesticides and placing new emphasis on materials damage assessment,
indoor air quality (radon), and region/site specific benefits analysis. Its Econom-
ic Research Program will value reduction of pollution in wetlands, analyze the value
of various aspects of state enforcement programs, and undertake new work on the
valuation of risk reduction at hazardous waste sites.
1987 Expl anati on of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,762,500 supported by 60.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
OPA oversaw implementation of Executive Order 12291, working closely with
the program offices to evaluate the costs, economic impact, and benefits of pros-
pective regulatory requirements or changes. OPA concentrated on hazardous waste
issues, concluded studies of the macroeconomic impacts of ERA regulations, undertook
analyses of risk management across programs, and performed studies on the economic
HS-53
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impact of various EPA regulations on major industries. In addition, OPA worked on
a major analysis of the risks and benefits of CFC's and other ozone-depleting sub-
stances. Its Benefits Program incorporated benefits analysis in decisions on con-
struction grants and accelerated an important effort to improve risk/benefit tech-
niques applied by the pesticides program. Lastly, QPA's Economic Research Program
renewed promising cooperative agreements with academic researchers to support the
development of data and techniques for performing benefit-cost analyses of environ-
mental regul ati ons,
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,122,200 supported by 69,3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $251,500 and 1.5 total workyears from 1987. The
increase which will allow OSR to strengthen its survey design and enforcement
targetting efforts.
OSR will continue to administer and direct the Agency's internal regulation
review and analysis process and to provide quality control and clearance for all EPA
reporting and record-keeping required of the public. It will review regulatory and
policy documents for compliance with Executive Orders (E.O.) 12291 and 12498, the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, the amended Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), and Federal
Register requirements. OSR will aid programs in improving survey design and data
quality and in applying statistical methods in risk assessment as well as advise
them on appropriate use of statistical methods for evaluating data in support of
regulatory decision making. It will analyze the adequacy of data and scientific or
engineering studies that support pesticides and toxic substances regulations and
promote technically defensible regulatory and policy alternatives. It also will
continue Investigation and evaluation of methods to control asbestos and chlorinated
solvents as well as issues related to Agency policy regarding biotechnology. In
addition, OSR will develop alternatives to replace or supplement traditional "com-
mand and control" regulations, focusing on innovations in hazardous waste and waste
minimization, safer pesticides, and compliance dynamics,
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,870,700 supported by 67.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, OSR is ensuring compliance with E.O. 12291 and 12498,
the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the amended PRA, and Federal Regi ster requirements
by continuing its technical, statistical, and policy reviewof existing regulations
as well as those under development. OSR also is ensuring effective and efficient
information collection and analysis, and providing support to the program and Re-
gional offices in the collection of quality data, statistical analysis of data
for regulatory decisions, and selective enforcement. It is implementing negotiation
and other consensual techniques in Agency rulemaking and issue resolution, and con-
tinuing investigation of regulatory alternatives with the focus moving toward
innovations in hazardous waste and pesticides,
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
MS-54
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,784,600 supported by 67,8 total
workyears for this program, all 4 of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
OSR managed the Agency's regulation development and review processes, ensured
Agency compliance with the PRA, ensured the technical quality of Agency regulations
and policies, improved the statistical quality of Agency regulations and data collec-
tion and analysis activities, and demonstrated the use of statistical selection
in conserving Agency enforcement resources as well as the use of regulatory
negotiation as a viable rulemaking alternative. OSR also published the final
report of Environmental Auditing and Emissions Trading Policies, demonstrated
innovative water reforms and use of trading for abatement of non-point source
pollution, and played a major role in developing an Agency proposal to impose
fees for certain pesticides activities.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,751,800 supported by 55.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $140,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987. The
increase reflects expanded field delivery efforts.
The Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (QMSE) will operate and refine
the Agency's management accountability system and ensure that its measures direct
programs to achieve maximum risk reduction. It will continue to manage the Agency-
wide planning process to establish EPA priorities and operating guidance, and to
oversee and improve the strategic planning process to address cross-media environ-
mental problems. OMSE also will support delivery of risk-based, cross-media en-
environmental protection in the field and assist the Regions to internalize risk
assessment, management, and communication approaches. Besides follow-up studies
concerning risk-based decision-making in the hazardous waste program and chemical
health advisories, OMSE will undertake a Regional Environmental Services Divisions
study, begin work on the Environmental Management Reports (EMRs) for 1988, and
develop a hazardous waste monitoring strategy.
1987 Progniffl
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,611,200 supported by 55.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation.
With these resources, OMSE is assessing whether Agency goals and program com-
mitments are being met and what corrective actions should be taken if weaknesses are
detected by evaluating major programs or program components and performing short-
term management reviews. It is operating a special tracking system for the Deputy
Administrator as well as the management accountability system, ensuring its integra-
tion with other Agency management systems and completing its automation. OMSE also
is developing Agency-wide planning guidance, assisting in the development of program
strategies, and further developing an integrated strategic planning system encom-
passing all media, OMSE is continuing to work on the EMRs, as well as working with
Headquarters and the Regions to develop improved indicators of environmental status,
trends, and monitoring strategies.
MS-55
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1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change.from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,636,700 supported by 54.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
OMSE assessed EPA's effectiveness in meeting program goals and commitments by
operating and continuing automation of the management accountability system, con-
ducting evaluations of major programs, performing a number of quality assurance re-
views, and recommending corrective actions where the need for improvement was iden-
tified. It also conducted a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of the manage-
ment accountability system itself. In close cooperation with the program offices,
OMSE focused efforts on strategic planning, supplying technical assistance as they
requested it, and successfully completed the Wetlands Strategic Planning Initiative.
It worked with Headquarters and Regional offices to develop Improved monitoring
strategies and indicators of environmental status and trends and aided In some of
the State Pilot Projects for Improved Environmental Decision Making. In addition,
it concluded studies on underground injection control oversight and performance-
based assistance policy oversight and began work on risk-based decision-making in
the hazardous waste program and a chemical health advisories study.
HS-56
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Off! ce of
Administration and
Resources
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
. 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
in
-j
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries & Expenses
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Personnel and
Organization Services
Salaries & Expenses
$1,148.1 $1,359.2 $1,345.8 $1,331.5 $1,365.3
TOTAL $1,148.1 $1,359.2 $1,345.8 $1,331.5 $1,365.3
$4,888.0 $5,404.4 $5,459.1 $5,709.1 $5,895.2
TOTAL $4,888.0 $5,404.4 $5,459.1 $5,709.1 $5,895.2
$3,381.2 $4,976.6 $5,119.5 $5,433.6 $6,000.8
$249.4
TOTAL $3,630.6 $4,976.6 $5,119.5 $5,433.6 $6,000.8
$9,854.5 $9,796.8 $9,792.3 $9,812.9 $9,914.1
TOTAL $9,854.5 $9,796.8 $9,792.3 $9,812.9 $9,914.1
$7,725.1 $7,472.0 $7,464.5 $7,464.5 $7,555.2
TOTAL $7,725.1 $7,472.0 * $7,464.5 $7,464.5 $7,555.2
Facilities & Management
Services
Salaries & Expenses
$6,450.3 $6,484.8 $6,637.3 $6,637.3 $6,714.2
TOTAL $6,450.3 $6,484.8 $6,637.3 $6,637.3 $6,714.2
$33.8
$33.8
$186.1
$186.1
$567.2
$567.2
$101.2
$101.2
$90.7
$90.7
$76.9
$76.9
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses $7,285.3 $7,211.2 $7,401.5 $7,401.5 $7,496.3 $94.8
TOTAL $7,285.3 $7,211.2 $7,401.5 $7,401.5 $7,496.3 $94.8
Office of Human
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses $1,308.3 $1,151.1 $1,351.1 $1,351.1 $1,368.3 $17.2
TOTAL $1,308.3 $1,151.1' $1,351.1 $1,351.1 $1,368.3 $17.2
*
w TOTAL:
!» Salaries & Expenses $42,040.8 $43,855.3 $44,571.1 $45,141.5 $46,309.4 $1,167.9
05 Operations, Research $249.4
and Facilities
Office of Admlnis- TOTAL $42,290.2 $43,855.3 $44,571.1 $45,141.5 $46,309.4 $1,167.9
tration and Resources
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management - 20.5 20.3 20.3 20.3 21.0 .7
Administration
Financial Management 118.0 133,2 132.4 132.4 137.7 5.3
Headquarters
Office of the 65.3 61.5 . 63.3 63.3 69.7 6.4
Comptroller
-------
3
171
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
225.9 219.9 222.9 222.9
160.0
23.9
159.8
22.5
718.1 704.2
158.8 158.8
171.6 171.5 170.5 170.5
22.5
708.7
22.5
226.0
175.3
23.2
708.7 745.6
3.1
174.9 16.1
4.8
136.7 130.5 134.0 134.0 146.2 12.2
.7
36.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
22.6
125.8
71.4
21.3
67.9
21.3
69.7
21.3
69.7
21.0
141.0 140.2 140.2 137.7
69.7
233.1 225.8 228.8 228.8 226.0
179.4 178.1 177.1 177.1 174.9
-.3
-2.5
-2.8
-2.2
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Facilities 8 Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
180.5
148.0
24.7
985.5
178.6
144.5
23.5
980.7
177.6
148.0
23.5
986.2
177.6
148.0
23.5
9R6.2
175.3
146.2
23.2
974.0
-2,3
-1.8
-.3
-12.2
1/3
I
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,309,400 supported by 974.0 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $1,167,900 and a decrease of 12.2 total workyears from 1987.
All of the request 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
_P_rogram 0 escr 1 pt 1 on
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (GARM) performs admini-
strative management and support functions for all of EPA, and provides a full range
of administrative services to Headquarters and our two largest non-regional field
operations Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio,
The Office also controls the Agency's central planning and budgeting process which
allocates workyear and financial resources among program areas and ensures adequate
funds control. In addition, the office directs a Human Resources Management program
for all Agency employees.
The Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall program
direction and resource management for all Office activities, as well as Agencywide
administrative support policy. There are six organizational components under the
Assistant Administrator for Administration and Resources Management: Office of
the Comptroller, Office of Administration, Office of Information Resources Manage-
ment, Office of Human Resources Management, and the Offices of Administration at
RTP and Cincinnati. The Office of the Comptroller provides Agencywide financial
services as well as budget development and execution and Agencywide internal
control activities. The Office of Administration provides services in the areas
of personnel administration, facilities management, organizational analysis, con-
tracts and grants management, and occupational health and safety. The Office of
Information Resources Management directs the Agency's information resources manage-
ment program and library services. The Office of Human Resources Management pro-
vides workforce planning, career development, and executive management services to
EPA employees. Our RTP and Cincinnati offices provide administrative services to
the environmental programs at EPA's major research locations. A brief description
of each of the program elements included in OARM follows:
Program Management - Admin 1st rat; Ion This component consists of the Assist-
ant Administrator s immediate office which provides oversight and planning func-
tions, performs all of the budgeting and resource management activities for OARM,
and provides centralized analysis and reporting on internal controls and OARM's
portion of the Administrator's Action Tracking and Strategic Planning and Manage-
ment Systems.
F1nancial Management - Headquarters ~ This component includes financial
management, financial pblicy development, accounting, and financial reporting
activities for Headquarters and field offices.
Office of the Comptroller This component develops and operates EPA's program
planning and budgeting system; analyzes and prepares Agency budgets for submission
to Congress and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) ; maintains the Agency's
allocation, control and review system for'all workyear and financial resources;
and oversees EPA's management efficiency programs.
MS-61
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Contracts and Grants Management This component establishes Agencywide
contracts andgrantspolicy, awards and manages Headquarters grants and other
financial assistance programs, and awards and administers contracts and small
purchases at Headquarters, Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati.
^ers_onne1 and Organization Services This component provides personnel
services at Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park, as well as
Agencywide management analysis, and occupational health and safety functions.
Facilities and Management Services This component provides facilities
management servicestoEPAoperations in Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research
Triangle Park.
Information Systems and Services -- This component provides Agencywide auto-
mated dataprocessing (ADP)systems management as well as library services at
Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.
Human Resources Management This component provides Agencywide workforce
planning, career development,and executive management services to EPA employees.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,365,300 supported by 21.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $33,800 and a decrease of .3 total workyears
from 1987. The increase will provide for Increased personnel costs. The decrease
reflects a reduction to the staffing level 1n the Assistant Administrator's
Immediate Office. In 1988, the office will continue to provide guidance and
direction as well as program and administrative support for OARM, direct and manage
OARM's resources, administer and report on OARM's portions of the Administrator's
Action Tracking System and the Strategic Planning and Management System, and
conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Agency.
This office will also coordinate and consolidate.QARM's internal control reporting,
ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information Act and Agency audit recommenda-
tions, and oversee OARM information management needs.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,331,500 supported by 21.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are used for overall policy direction and guidance
to the Agency's management programs, budget development and execution, review of
organization and consolidation issues, continued strengthening of EPA's financial,
budgetary, contracts, and information resources management programs, as well as
initiation of management effectiveness strategies within the Agency.
1987 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $14,300 results from the following actions:
- ReprogramiBlngs. (-$14,300) A re prog ramming was made to this
activity which was not reportable under the Congressional reprograminlng
limitations. This change resulted in a net decrease of $14,300 to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
MS-62
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1986 Accompl Ishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,148,100 supported by 22.6 total
workyears for this program all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These resources were used to provide Office-wide management and policy
direction, manage the development and execution of OARH's budget, provide Action
Tracking and Strategic Planning and Management reports, coordinate internal control
reporting and responses to Freedom of Information Act requests, and conduct special
analyses and projects on Agencywide management issues.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,895,200 supported by 137,7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $186,100 and a decrease of 2.5 total workyears
from 1987. The increase will provide for Increased personal costs. The decrease
reflects a continuation of the Agency's ongoing program to implement efficiencies
in administrative service functions. Priorities in 1988 include the following
initiatives: strengthen the integrity of basic operations; improve analytic and
reporting capabilities, enhance the Financial Management System to support the
Office of Management and Budget -(OMB) Circular A-127; and institute a long range
strategic planning program. These resources will also provide the necessary work-
years for the program to maintain a Quality Assurance program to ensure good data
interpretation, provide Agency management with reliable financial systems, and
provide an aggressive Agencywide Cash Management Program, The Headquarters,
Cincinnati, Las Vegas and RTF offices perform the financial, accounting and fiscal
services for their site locations, and Research and Development laboratories
across the country.
1987 Progjrai
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,709,100 supported by 140.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide a full array of financial services to EPA
managers, including: payroll, accounting, debt collection, accounts payable and
policy guidance. This program manages the Agency's Financial Management System.
The 1987 program emphasis 1s on implementing OMB's Circular A-127 requirements,
implementing Section 4 of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982,
increasing the timeliness of contracts processed as required by the Prompt Payment
Act, exploring further cash management initiatives, and bringing the Financial
Management System into full compliance with General Accounting Office standards.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $250,000 results from the following action:
-Reprog ramming. (+$250,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity
which was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This
change resulted in a net increase of $250,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,888,000 supported by 125.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. With
these resources, the Agency improved the financial services provided by Headquarters
MS-63
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and Research Triangle Park financial operations, developed standard quality assur-
ance programs for the Agency, developed a long-term planning process for the Finan-
cial Management System, completed a Comptroller Directives System for consolidation
of all financial policies and procedures, and transferred the software programs to
operate the Financial Management System through the National Computer Center.
OFFICE OF TtC COMPTROLLER
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,000,800 supported by 69.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents an Increase of $567,200 and no change in total workyears
from 1987. The increase in funds is for increased personnel costs and support
for the Agency's Productivity program.
These resources will provide the Office of the Comptroller with the capabili-
ties to perform all mandatory activities associated with OMB and Congressional
budget submissions for 1988 and 1989, provide budget analyses and reports to Agency
program offices through the Resource Planning and Budgeting System, and maintain
an allocation, control and review system for all workyear and financial resources.
The Office will continue its focus on the implementation of EPA's Productivity
Improvement Initiative, which will reduce costs and enhance program effectiveness
across the Agency. The Comptroller will also continue to implement the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act, OMB Circulars A-76 and A-127, funds control
policies and internal controls.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,433,600 supported by 69.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Uith these resources the Office of the Comptroller develops current
and outyear budget guidance to program and Regional offices, analyzes budget issues,
develops and implements Agency budget policy.and administers and provides policy
guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns. The Office is also
implementing OMB Circular A-127 on integrated financial management systems, funds
control and internal controls,
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $314,100 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+314,100) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $314,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,630,600 supported by 71.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,381,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $249,400 was from the Operations, Research, and Facilities appro-
priation. With these resources, this program managed the development of the
1987 Operating Plans, provided budget and policy guidance to Program and Regional
offices for the 1988 OMB budget request, performed oversight of audit resolution
and follow-up, implemented the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, and
developed EPA's Productivity Improvement Initiative.
MS-64
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CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,914,100 supported by 226.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $101,200 and a decrease of 2.8 total workyears from
1987. The increase will provide for increased personnel costs. The decrease in
workyears represents a continuation of the Agency's ongoing program to implement
efficiencies in administrative service functions.
In the contracts area, these resources will enable the Agency to process and
award new contracts and purchase orders, manage and close out existing contracts,
evaluate contractor cost proposals and process contract terminations and claims.
This program will also provide technical review, policy compliance, and admini-
strative oversight and management to the three contracting and purchasing offices
in Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park (RTP).
In the grants area, these funds will allow the Agency to develop and interpret
policy and procedural guidance for Agencywide assistance programs; award and admin-
ister Headquarters grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and interagency agree-
ments; and respond to requests for assistance from Regions and Federal assistance
recipients. The Agency will also continue to modify, update, and simplify our
assistance regulations; increase in-house audit and cost analyses; increase non-
compliance efforts against program participants who abuse the privileges of Federal
assistance; and meet OMB Circular A-127 requirements.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,812,900 supported by 228.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to perform a full range of grants
and contracts activities that include awarding and administering contracts, grants,
loans, purchase orders, and interagency agreements. This also includes negotiating
indirect cost rates, processing terminations and claims, providing administrative
management over contracting offices at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTP and
developing suspension and debarment cases under EPA assistance and procurement
programs. Policy development, internal review and systems management issues in
both the contracts and grants areas; A-127 initiatives; a new automated assistance
document system; and contract officer training is also being addressed.
1987 Explanation of Changes fromthe Enacted Level
The net increase of $20,600 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+$20,600) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $20,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $9,854,500 supported by 233.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included increased
emphasis on contract management; continued implementation of the Federal Acquisi-
tion Regulation; an improved contract planning system and automated procurement
MS-65
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document system; issuance of awards for the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement
Program; development of the Grants Information System Management Council; continued
simplification of the grants procedures; and noncompliance actions against program
participants who abused the privileges of Federal assistance.
PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION SERVICES
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,555,200 supported by 174.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $90,700 and a decrease of 2.2 total workyears from
1987, The increase will provide for increased personnel costs. The reduction re-
presents a continuation of the Agency's on-going program to implement efficiencies
in administrative service functions.
This program will continue to perform client-oriented personnel services and
provide direction in the areas of recruitment, position management, classification,
performance management, pay administration, personnel and payroll processing,
labor-management and employee-management relations, personnel information systems
management, equal opportunity employment, and technical assistance and advisory
services. Efforts will also focus on performing management and organization
improvement analyses, managing delegations of authority and reorganizations, devel-
oping Agency forms, overseeing EPA public advisory committees, and managing the
Agency's directives system. Finally, the program will continue coordination and
management of Agencywide health and safety programs, and performance of environ-
mental compliance audits at EPA facilities.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allo'ca'ting a total of $7,464,500 supported by '177.1
total workyears for this program, all of which "Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources support responsive personnel services; implementa-
tion of human resources initiatives including improvement to the Performance
Management System (PMS) and development of a multi-faceted training and development
program for managers and staff at all levels; a cross-media developmental exchange
package; a comprehensive program to implement the new Federal Employee Retirement
System (FERS); improved utilization of personnel data systems; and continued
support to meet the Agency's specialized recruitment needs. The resources also
provide for performance of additional management reviews with the primary focus on
Headquarters offices, expansion of management and organization services to Regional
and Headquarters offices, performance of environmental audits for EPA facilities,
and implementation of Agency health and safety programs.
1987Explanation of Changes from the EnactedLevel
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency allocated a total of $7,725,100 supported by 179.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Agency continued efforts to meet specialized and hard-to-fill
recruitment needs, completed a wide range of internal control improvements,
issued a comprehensive PMS planning package and institutionalized other PMS
system improvements, developed brochures for supervisors and employees in labor
and employee relations, completed negotiations with a union representing head-
MS-66
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quarters professional employees, and expanded automated personnel data bases.
The program also performed environmental compliance audits for EPA facilities and
provided management assistance to virtually every EPA office resulting in organiza-
tional and management improvements ranging from strengthened management processes
to streamlined organizational arrangements.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1988 Program Reqtiest
The Agency requests a total of $6,714,200 supported by 175.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $76,900 and a decrease of 2.3 total workyears from
1987. The increase will provide for increased personnel costs. The reduction
represents a continuation of the Agency's on-going program to implement efficiencies
in administrative service functions. With these resources the Agency will admini-
ster the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Buildings and Facilities
budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping services, and monitor and
direct contractor resources under support contracts.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,637,300 supported by 177.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These funds are being used to provide timely, high quality and
cost effective facilities management and support services for EPA facilities in
Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTF), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
These resources provide ongoing services in the areas of property and space manage-
ment, building operational services, office support services, real estate and
lease enforcement support, transportation management, printing and publication
operations, security services, and facilities design and construction management.
1987-Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986. Accomp 11 shroents
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $6,450,300 supported by 180.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources the Agency provided responsive facilities management
services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTP and Cincinnati, established better
administrative controls over property management, effectively managed space needs,
and provided effective security services. This program supervised the design
of the radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama, and the full containment facility
in Cincinnati. The program also completed construction of the Wildlife Toxicology
Facility in Corvallis, Oregon and the Pollution Abatement Facility in Narragan-
sett, Rhode Island.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,496,300 supported by 146.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The workyear decrease reflects the streamlining of administrative functions.
MS-67
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The requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current, centrally
administered information systems and services in support of EPA programs and the
public. This program provides the personnel to manage the Agency's central and
distributed conputlng and data transmission network, its major administrative and
programmatic data systems, and library services. In addition, these resources
will permit the Agency to continue to strengthen information resources management
including long and short-range Automated Data Processing (ADP) planning, ADP
security, records management, software and data standards, and internal controls
on Information resources. Emphasis is also placed on technical support for the
Regional ADP Modernization effort and improving data sharing with State environ-
mental agencies.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,401,500 supported by 148.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Continued efforts are being devoted to improved information systems
planning by EPA programs, strengthening information security, and continuing the
program to implement and update Agency financial management systems in response
to GAO and Executive Branch requirements. A major effort to integrate State/EPA
data systems is being expanded through the identification of ten "pilot" states to
work with EPA regions on improving the exchange of environmental data.
1987 Expl a.nat_1_on_jOLf^iChan5es from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 -Accompl ishments
* i *
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $7,285,300 supported by 148.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. During 1986, EPA continued to update its accounting systems in response
to the General Accounting Office (GAO) requirements, and continued support of the
Regional ADP modernization program. Significant progress was made in the internal
information security program and in the establishment of internal information
management policy guidelines. Phase I of our State/EPA data management program
was successfully implemented in the State of Georgia.
OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,368,300 supported by 23.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $17,200 and decrease of .3 total workyears from
1987, This level of funding will support The Office of Human Resource Management's
(OHRM) efforts to expand and institutionalize' our human resource efforts. These
include: 1) increasing the number of program offices that engage in workforce
planning; 2) expanding career development opportunities to Include all employees;
3) continuing our efforts to ensure that EPA has the best supervisors, managers
and executives; 4) providing strategies to program offices seeking to improve
employee and organizational effectiveness; 5) evaluating the effectiveness of the
Agency's human resources management efforts.
MS-68
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,351,100 supported by 23.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to build a career development,
system at EPA, provide workforce planning tools, expand the in-house training
capacity through the EPA Institute, and establish criteria for managerial excellence
and develop training and policies to match those criteria. In addition, these
resources are used to perform personnel operations for Senior Executive Service
(SES) members, and support the operations of the Candidate Development Program and
the Presidential Management Intern Program.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,308,300 supported by 24.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. During the second year of program operation two workforce planning
studies were undertaken; the EPA Institute was established and 20 courses were
offered; and the managerial excellence criteria was used in selecting a new class
for the Candidate Development Program and a job analysis of Chemists and Physical
Scientists was completed.
MS-69
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Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT&SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management , MS-71
Resource Management - Regions .. ....*..,. MS-74
Financial Management - Regions. MS-75
Personnel Management -Regions MS-76
Admim"strative Management - Regions MS-76
Regional Management.. MS-77
Regional Counsel MS-78
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions , MS-79
MS-70
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
(DOLLARS IN
PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses "
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries § Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Management
Salaries 8 Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$1,442.0
$1,442.0
$2,793.5
$2,793.5
$3,265.3
$3,265.3
$5,806.4
$5,806.4
$9,710,7
$9,710.7
$3,644.9
$3,644.9
$2,434.7
$2,434.7
$1,547.2
$1,547.2
$2,693.4
5*8,693.4
$3,015.1
$3,015.1
$5,492,5
$5,492.5
$9,389.7
$9,389.7
$3,827.0
$3,827.0
$2,432.1
$2,432.1
ENACTED
1987
THOUSANDS)
$1,638.6
$1,638.6
$2,747.5
$2,747.5
$3,055.2
$3,055.2
$5,829.9
$5,829.9
$9,018.5
$9,018.5
$4,010.0
$4,010.0
$2,521.6
$2,521.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
$1,638.6
$1,638.6
$2,747.5
$2,747.5
$3,055.2
$3,055.2
$5,829.9
$5,829.9
$9,016.5
$9,016.5
$4,010.0
$4,010.0
$2,523.6
$2,523.6
REQUEST
1988
$1,663.3
$1,663.3
$2,785.2
$2,785.2
$3,096.8
$3,096.8
$5,944.9
$5,944.9
$9,170.0
$9,170.0
$4,072.8
$4,072.8
$2,586.2
$2,586.2
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
$24.7
$24.7
$37.7
$37.7
$41.6
$41.6
$115.0
$115.0
$153.5
$153.5
$62.8
$62.8
$62.6
$62.6
-------
I
-J
ISJ
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 19R7
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management TOTAL
P-r.RMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
$29,097.5
$29,097.5
35.6
83.1
91.7
160.5
185.6
73.8
55.9
$28,397.0
$28,397.0
37.8
81.6
83.?
149.6
172.9
73.4
54.0
$28,821.3
$28,821.3
37.0
82.0
82.6
158.5
174.5
78.4
56.3
$28,821.3
$28,821.3
37.0
82.0
82.6
158.5
174.5
78.4
56.3
$29,319.2
$29,319.2
41.0
89.7
93.0
172.6
190.1
82.5
60.1
$497.9
$497.9
4.0
7.7
10.4
14.1
15.6
4.1
3.8
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 686.2 652.5 669.3 669.3 729.0 59.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management - 40.2 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.0 -.5
Regions
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Hanagement
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
95.2 90.8 90.8
104.2
181.5
94.1
167.6
94.1
174.6
90.8
94.1
174.6
89.7
93.0
172.6
-1,1
-1.1
-2.0
213.7
81.2
61.0
194.5
80.2
60.1
194.5
84.2
60.1
194.5
84.2
60.1
190.1
82.5
60.1
-4.4
-1.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
777.0
728.8
739,8
739.8
729.0 -10.8
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,319,200 supported by 729 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $497,900 and a decrease of 10.8 total workyears from
1987. AH of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
Regional Management provides executive direction to the Regional offices;
Regional administrative and financial services; budget development and execution;
and legal and analytic support to the Regional Administrators. This program con-
tains the following program elements:
Resource Management - Regions This component provides resources to develop
Regional budgets and operating plans, participate in the workload analysis process,
manage current year resources, and enhance resource management and control in the
Regions.
Financial Management - Regions This component provides sound financial
accounting and reporting services for the Regional offices.
Personnel Management- Regions This component provides basic personnel ser-
vices, including staffing, classification, and training to the Regional offices.
Admin1stratlyeManagement - Reg1 pns This component includes mini-computer
systems management, library support, safety, security, printing and copying, faci-
lities management, small purchases, and other administrative functions.
RegionalManagement This component includes the Regional Administrators and
their 'immediate' staffs, public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental liaison,
as well as the basic staff functions of Civil Rights.
Regional Counsel -- This component includes the Offices of Regional Counsel
which assist the Regional Administrators in ensuring that their decisions are
legally defensible and consistent with national legal interpretations. They
represent the Regional offices in defensive litigation activities, review Regional
ruletnakings, and assist States in obtaining delegation of programs.
Planning, Evaluation, and Analysis - Regions This component Includes re-
source's "that provide analytical support to the Regional Administrators to assure
the efficient and effective operation of EPA Regions. Activities include program
planning, accountability reporting, .program evaluation, economic analysis, and
Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,663,'300 supported by 41.0 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $24,700 and a decrease of 0.5 total workyears from 1187, The
decrease in total workyears results from the increased use of office automation.
MS-74
-------
This level of funding supports Regional resource management and control activities
including budget and operating plan development and workload analysis. In addition,
these resources will allow the Regional offices to continue implementing the Fed-
eral Managers' Financial Integrity Act and further strengthen funds control.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,638,600 supported by 41.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource
analysis functions in the ten Regional offices.
1987 E xplanat1on of Changes from the Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
19_8j[ JUxompl ishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,442,000 supported by 40,2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively and
efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,785,200 supported by 89.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of "$37,700 and a reduction of 1.1 total workyears from
1987. The increase in Salaries and Expenses provides the capability to conduct
internal control reviews as required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity
Act of 1982; and Cash Management Reviews, as mandated by the Deficit Reduction
Act of 1984. The decrease in workyears represents the streamlining of administrative
functions. The acquisition of micro computers will provide the staff with the
necessary, tools to develop automated improvements to recurring operations. This
level of funding will allow the Financial Management Offices to provide basic
financial services and maintain ongoing financial management functions. The Finan-
cial Management Offices will continue to provide accounting, payment processing,
billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase orders,
and all other financial transactions, as well as payroll support and general ledger
activities.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,747,500 supported by 90.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
1987 Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
MS-75
-------
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,793,500 supported by 95.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices provided account-
ing, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services, and compre-
hensive financial management.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,096,800 supported by 93.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $41,600 and a decrease of 1.1 total workyears
from 1987. The decrease in workyears represents a continuation of the Agency's
on-going program to implement efficiencies in administrative service functions.
The resources provided will allow Regional Personnel Offices to meet basic regula-
tory requirements and maintain current service levels. These services include
processing recruitment and classification actions, entering data and updates to
the Agency's payroll system, providing advisory services and reorganization reviews,
administering the grievance system, negotiating with unions, and managing the
Performance Management and Recognition System.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,055,200 supported by 94.1
total workyears to this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize a local human resources
management program within the context of recruitment, staffing and classification
actions, position management and pay administration, process personnel and payroll
transactions, administer grievance system and disciplinary action procedures,
provide employment development and training, consult and negotiate with local
unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional managers on the above functions.
1987 Explanationi of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,265,300 supported by 104.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Regional Personnel Offices provided ongoing
personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' program operations
and goals, better training programs for Regional employees, and initiated human
resources management programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1988 Program
The Agency requests a total of $5,944,900 supported by 172.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $115,000 and a decrease of 2,0 total workyears from
MS-76
-------
1987. The increase supports additional personnel costs. The decrease reflects
the streamlining of administrative functions. These resources will allow the
Regions to provide administrative management services that include maintaining
administrative information systems and minicomputer operations, ensuring AOP oper-
ations support for Regional programs, managing word processing equipment and ADP
systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management. Development
of State data management plans to ensure efficient and reliable methods of State/
EPA data sharing will receive priority attention. In addition this program will
continue to direct contracting and purchasing activities, ensure the safety and
security of Regional personnel, manage property and supplies, provide general
office services, a/id provide program management for all support services.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,829,900 supported by 174.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with admin-
istrative management activities in the areas of information management, small
purchases and procurement, health and safety, and facilities support. This program
is also beginning to design pilot plans for improved methods for EPA and States to
share environmental data.
)9B7 j.xp'lanstion of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986_Accompl i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,806,400 supported by 181.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these- resources, the Regions provided adequate administrative
management services as well as implementation of information management plans to
increase use of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications
lines to achieve cost savings and productivity gains,
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,170,000 supported by 190.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $153,500 and a decrease of 4.4 total workyears
from 1987. The increase will provide for increased personnel costs. The decrease
reflects the streamlining of administrative functions. The request will enable
the Regional offices to continue to shape and articulate policy to State and local
governments; respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public;
establish regular communications with public Interest, environmental and business
groups; and maintain Equal Employment Opportunity and Freedom of Information
programs,
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,016,500 and 194.5 total work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. Basic press services and media relations activities are maintained as
well as policy guidance and executive direction for the Regions as a whole. The
program continues the processing of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests, issuing
MS-77
-------
critical news releases, maintains a Regional Equal Employment Opportunity program,
responds to Congressional inquiries, and coordinates EPA involvement in major
State environmental issues.
1987 Explanationof Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $2,000 results from the following action:
-R epirqgr ammi ng. (-$2,000) A re programming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of $2,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompli shrnents
In 1986, the Agency obligated $9,710,700 and 213.7 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate
staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional
and intergovernmental activities, and an equal employment opportunity function.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,072,800 supported by 82.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $62,800 and a decrease of 1.7 total workyears from
1987. The increase provides for increased operating costs. The decrease reflects
streamlined program operations.
The Qffices of Regional Counsel will continue 'to- handle all defensive
litigation involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs; review Regional rulema'king actions; assist States
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,010,000 supported by 84.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel handle all defensive litigation
involving principally Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional
programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by reviewing
State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal
authorities. Additionally, the Regional Counsels continue to support Agency con-
tract and assistance programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests,
and debarment and suspension actions.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
MS-78
-------
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,644,900 supported by 81.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1986, the Regional Counsels supported Agency priorities by
providing legal advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency
in all litigation filed against it. They also advised on actions such as grants,
contracts, and personnel actions. Additionally, Regional Counsel activities in-
cluded advising State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmen-
tal protection programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language,
and helping to negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING,EVALUATION, AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
_19S8 P rogram Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,586,200 supported by 60.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $62,600 and no change in total workyears from 1987.
The increase will provide for additional support costs,
These resources will enable tht ten Regions to perform essential planning,
evaluation, and analysis activities. The Regions will concentrate on: (!) expand-
ing risk assessment efforts; (£} integrating data which provides the basis for en-
vironmental decision-making and cost-effective use of resources by incorporating
environmental indicators into Regional operations and promoting the Integrated Envi-
ronmental Management .Program's new state-level integration projects; and (3)
improving the relationship between EPA and the States by evaluating the State-
Relations Processes (e.g., State-EPA Agreements, Performance Based Assistance,
arid Grant Agreements) and increasing information resource management assistance
and coordination within the Regions and with the States. The Regions will also
direct resources to carry out specific management objectives identified in the
Strategic Planning and Management System (SPMS) by automating the tracking system
for SPMS commitments and measures and incorporating more enforcement measures into
the tracking system.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,523,600 supported by 60.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
This funding provides necessary planning, evaluation, and analysis support
In the Regions. Such support includes directing Regional resources to carry out
specific management objectives identified in SPMS. For example, one Region is
evaluating both its Radon and Underground Storage Tank Programs by reviewing
its current resource allocations and program implementation success and recommending
improvements for the future, while another is assessing the effectiveness of its
management accountability systems. In managing for environmental results, a Region
is determining the effectiveness of its Toxic Substances and Control Act Program
in producing environmental results, and another is analyzing the Region's hazardous
waste system by identifying hazardous waste generators, facilities for treatment,
storage and disposal, and major routes of waste transportation (inter- and intra-
Regional). The Regional offices also are beginning to apply risk assessment concepts
to operating programs. In addition, they are continuing to shift Regional programs
from an implementation to an oversight role and integrate data which provides the
basis for environmental decision-making and cost-effective use of resources, as
evidenced in the State Pilot Projects for Improved Environmental Decision-Making.
MS-79
-------
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $2,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogrammlng. (+2,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of $2,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,434,700 supported by 61.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
With this funding, the Regions focused on automating a priority regulations
system governing participation in Agency rulemaking and reviews of proposed
significant policy documents; coordinating and evaluating the implementation of
the Agency's Performance-Based Grants Policy; developing performance-based grants
and integrating them into comprehensive mid-year evaluations of State program
performance; and providing support to the Air, Water, and Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act programs to develop and implement integrated strategies to stream-
line Regional efforts and achieve environmental results. They also participated
with other Agency offices in the State Pilot Projects for Improved Environmental
Decision-Making underway in Oregon, Kansas, Kentucky, New Jersey, and Maryland.
MS-80
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Support Costs
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT A SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs MS-82
Professi onal Tra1 ni ng MS-84
Nationwide Support Services......... MS-85
Headquarters Support Services MS-86
Regional Support Services.. MS-87
Automated Data Processing Support Costs............... MS-87
Lab Support - Research & Development,, MS-88
Lab Support - Air * Radiation MS-89
Lab Support - Pesticides X Toxic Substances...................... MS-89
MS-81
-------
COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 19B7 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
WO GRAM
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses $717.9 $520.4 $520.4 $520.4 $520.4
TOTAL $717.9 $5?0.4 $520.4 $520.4 $520.4
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $54,844.9 $57,957.7 $58,306.7 $57,906.7 $71,962.5114,055.8
Operations, Research $40.9
and Facilities
TOTAL $54,885.8 $57,957.7 $58,306.7 $57,906.7 $71,962.5 $14,055.8
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries 8 Expenses $31,344.2 $34,660.1 $34,760.1 $34,260.1 $36,386.3 $2,126.2
TOTAL $31,344.2 $34,660.1 $34,760.1 $34,260.1 $36^386.3 $2,126.2
Regional Support
Services
Salaries ft Expenses $21,789.9 $23,678.5 $24,873.6 $25,263.4 $25,373.6 $110.2
TOTAL $21,789.9 $23,678.5 $24,873.6 $25,263.4 $25,373.6 $110.2
/'utomated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses $23,644.2 $26,552.9 $27,493.5 $27,493.5 $32,000.0 $4,506.5
TOTAL $23,644.2 $26,552.9 $27,493.5 $27,493.5 $32,000.0 $4,506.5
I ab Support-Research 8
Hevel fluent
Salaries 8 Expenses $5,918.4 $5,852.6 $5,852.6 $6,026.8 $6,002.6 -$24.2
TOTAL $5,918.4 $5,852.6 $5,852.6 $6,026.8 16,002.6 -$24.2
-------
C/1
oo
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Lab Support - Air And
Radi ation
Salaries & Expenses
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,694.8 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.2
TOTAL $1,694.8 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.?
TOTAL
$238.8 $251.4 $251.4 $251.4 $251.4
$238.R $251.4 $251.4 $251.4 $251.4
TOTAL:
Salaries a Expenses $140,193.1 $151,276.8 $153,811.5 $153,475.5 $174,250.0 $20,774.5
Operations, Research $40.9
and Facilities
Support Costs
TOTAL $140,234.0 $151,?26.8 $153,811.5 $153,475.5 $174,250.0 $20,774.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Professional Training
TOTAL WORK YEARS
1.0
1.0
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $174,Z5Q,QOQ for 1988, an increase of $20,774,500
from 1987. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Agency Support Services components provide funds for general support to
all Agency programs except Superfund, Programs under support services are:
Pj^fesslonal Training This component provides Agencywide training to execu-
tive, supervisory, secretarial, clerical, scientific and technical employees.
NationwideSupport Services This component provides Agencywide services
for the following support functions; facilities rental and associated cost's; pay-
ments to the U.S. Postal Services; Federal Telecommunications Service (FTS); nation-
wide security services; reimbursements to the Federal Employees' Compensation Fund;
payments to the Public Health Service for personnel and administrative services for
commissioned officers assigned to EPA; and contracts and Intergovernmental Agree-
ments which support EPA's occupational health and safety program,
Headquarters Support Services -- This program provides office, building, and
information management services to Headquarters and the research center at Research
Triangle Park (RTF), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Re g1on a1 5uppgrt_ServIce s This component provides office, building, and
information management services for Regional offices.
Automated Data, Processing and Telecommunications Support Costs This compo-
nent provides computing and related data processing servicesto all Agency programs.
Lab Support - Researchand Development This component provides support ser-
vices to the Office of Research and Development's seven- remote laboratories {those
located outside Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park), These costs are not
covered by the Headquarters Support account, which funds similar items in Head-
quarters, Cincinnati and RTP.
Lab Support - Air and Radiation This component provides support services
to the MotorVehicle Emissions Laboratory, the Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility and the Las Vegas facility.
Lab Support -Pesticides and Toxic Substances -- This component provides sup-
port services to laboratoriesin Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $520,400 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no increase
from 1987. This request will maintain current training and development programs
mandated by statute and the Office of Personnel Management (0PM) as well as
support human resources management initiatives. At* this level of funding, the
MS-84
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Agency will continue to offer training and development to managers and support
staff. Scientific and technical courses will be developed. The Institute will
add to its current offerings. Employees will increase their cross-agency ex-
periences through the rotational assignment program. Career development act-
ivities will be enhanced in order to help employees develop and maintain needed
skills.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $520,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being
used to build a broadly experienced and skilled cadre of EPA managers and staff
through expansion of individual and organizational human resources development
programs. These programs are based on comprehensive Agencywide needs assessments
conducted annually and review of career development plans. The EPA Institute is a
major vehicle for providing cost-effective training. The core courses for the
managerial curriculum and the Support staff are being delivered. The Human Re-
sources Council and the advisory committees continue to play a vital role in identi-
fying human resource needs and assisting the Agency in implementing initiatives.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $717,900 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These funds were utilized to provide training in the areas of supervisory
management, executive development, clerical skills, and technical and scientific
development.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,962,500 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $14,055,800 from 1987. The increase will cover space rental and FTS rate in-
creases as well as cost escalation to service contracts. These funds will pay
for Agencywide support costs including space rental, postage, FTS and telecom-
munications costs, national security, Code of Federal Regulations typesetting,
unemployment compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety studies, and
personnel support for Public Health Service commissioned officers.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $57,906,700 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide services to the Agency
workforce.
MS-85
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1987 Explanation of Changes from theEnactedLevel
The net decrease of $400,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$400,000) Several reprogrminings were made to this act-
ivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations,
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $400,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $54,885,800 for this program, of
which $54,844,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $40.900
was from the Operations, Research, and Facilities appropriation. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several Nationwide Support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications, information security, and personal property
management. These resources also assisted several Regional offices in relocation
and expansion moves.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $36,386,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $2,126,200 from 1987. The increase will provide for known cost increases for
utilities and cost escalation to service contracts. These resources will provide
ongoing Headquarters Support services including motor pool, printing and copying,
telephones, utilities, facilities operations and maintenance, and ADP technical
support to EPA operations in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTF), North
Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $34,260,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide ongoing office, building, and information management services
to EPA operations in Washington, RTP and Cincinnati. With this funding level the
Agency will provide critical ongoing services necessary to operate and manage EPA
facilities, office supply/support services, and management information systems.
Additionally, the Agency is developing operating plans for new delegations of
authority for lease enforcement/building operations at Headquarters facilities,
and refining procedures for property management/inventory control.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $500,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$500,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of $500,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
MS-86
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1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $31,344,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided
basic Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP and
Cincinnati.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,373,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $110,ZOO from 1987 to allow for contract and rate increases in basic operating
costs. This level of resources will provide the ten Regional offices with basic
support services including printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utili-
ties, mail, telephone, library operations, general training, office and laboratory
facility maintenance, and technical support.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $25,263,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide basic office, building, and information management services
to the Regions.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
The net increase of $389,800 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammlngs. (+389,800) Several reprogramming were made to this activity
which were not reportdble under the Congressional reprogramming limitation. These
change resulted in a net increase of $389,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency .obligated a total of $21,789,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided on-
going support services in the Regions, including improved property management and
better safety and security for EPA employees. Also, the Regions continued efforts
to contract out appropriate support services, provided minicomputer operations to
increase Regional productivity, and in some Regions achieved significant gains
through space consolidation.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1988 Program Rejuest
The Agency requests a total of $32,000,000, all of which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,506,500
from 1987. This increase will enable the Agency to complete Its program to replace
obsolete computers in its'ten Regional offices as well as cover increased costs
for computing services. In addition, we will begin to implement a major new national
ADP system, the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) which will integrate
ambient and emissions data, and improve data communications between EPA and State
MS-87
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air pollution control agencies. With this level of resources we will maintain
current computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund.
These funds will be used to acquire, maintain and operate computing hardware and
systems software at the Agency's National Computer Center; provide central manage-
ment and technical support of the Agency's distributed computing resources; and
operate a telecommunications network linking these central and distributed computing
systems.
1987 P_rp_gram
The Agency is allocating a total of $27,493,500, all of which is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain current
computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund.
These services include acquiring, maintaining, and operating computing hardware
and systems software at the Agency's National Computer Center; central management
and technical support of the Agency's distributed computing resources; and operating
a data communications network linking these central and distributed computing
systems. Acquisition of equipment to modernize Regional ADP systems will continue.
»
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $23,644,200, all of which was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency used these funds to maintain
and operate its mainframe computing systems, install more efficient telecommuni-
cations services to the EPA Regions and major laboratory centers, and continue
replacing obsolete computing systems in the EPA Regional offices.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1988 Prograni_Reguest
The Agency requests a total of $6,002,600, all of which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents a decrease of $24,200 from
1987. The decrease reflects anticipated operating efficiencies. Funds provide
for essential services required to operate and maintain ORD's seven remote labora-
tories located in Athens, Georgia; Ada, Oklahoma; Corvallis, Oregon; Duluth,
Minnesota; Narragansett, Rhode Island; Gulf Breeze, Florida; and Las Vegas, Nevada.
Services include, but are not limited to, facilities operation and maintenance;
janitorial and guard services; local telephone services; utilities; and -equipment
operations, maintenance and rental costs.
1987Proaram
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,026,800, all of wh'ich is from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This program provides funds for the
operation and maintenance of ORD's seven remote laboratories.
MS-88
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1987 Explanation of Changes From the Enacted
The net Increase of $174,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. {+$174,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this act-
ivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of $174,200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1986 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $5,918,400, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These funds provided for the operation and maintenance
of remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,753,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change
from 1987. This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL)
in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in
Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility (LVF) in Nevada. These
funds provide basic operation and maintenance support at these locations. Support
provided consists of security, janitorial and maintenance services, utilities,
GSA vehicles, supplies and materials, and communications.
1987 Program
In 1987 the Agency is allocating $1,753,200 for this program, all of which
is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1987 program is providing
the same types of activities described for 1988: basic laboratory operations,
maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required on a continuing basis.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted level
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total $1,694,800 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided the
basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the three
laboratories. i
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $251,400, all of which will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change from 1987. These funds
will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance costs for the
laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs
include utilities, security, communications, warehousing,.custodial services, and
building maintenance.
MS-89
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $251,400, all of which is from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1987 program supports the facilities,
operations, and maintenance costs of the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
laboratories,
1987 Explanation of.._Changes from the Enacted
There is no .change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $238,800, all of which was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used to provide general
support and .maintenance.
MS-90
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Buildings &
Facilities
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
T a tile of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings R Facilities..,,., BF-4
New Facilities BF-5
Repairs & Improvements BF-6
BF-1
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oo
-n
i
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PPPROPRIATION
Buildings & Facilities $3,560.7 $5,000.0 $7,500.0 $5,000,0 $6,000,0 +$1,000.0
TOTAL, BUILDINGS A FACILITIES $3,560.7 $5,000.0 $7,500.0 $5,000.0 $6,000.0 +$1,000.0
OUTLAYS $4,594.0 $8,405.5 $4,994.0 $4,768.9 $6,878.5 $2,109.6
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriations Act.
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA, The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices, three large research and development laboratories, several
field stations with laboratory facilities and a large Headquarters complex.
This program provides a safe and healthful work environment for EPA employees
by providing for maintenance, repair or replacement of our. facilities. Major ef-
forts are directed towards implementing intermediate and long-range plans which
assess alternative housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a
repair program that protects the investment in EPA's real property holdings. Re-
sources are also used to upgrade and modify current facilities to more adequately
and efficiently address Agency programs. Particular emphasis will be placed on
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities where modifications are needed
to accommodate storage of hazardous materials and removal of asbestos.
BF-3
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Buildings and Facilities
ACTUAL
1986
81) DIET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
New Facilities
Buildi ngs & Facilities
TOTAL
$117.5
$117.5
$2,000,0
$2,000.0
Repairs K Improvements
Buildings & Facilities $3,443.2 $5,000.0 $5,500.0 $5,000.0 $6,000.0 $1,000.0
TOTAL $3,443.2 $5,000.0 $5,500.0 $5,000.0 $fi,000.0 $1,000.0
DC
Tl
I
TOTAL:
Buildings 8 Facilities
$3,560.7 $5,000.0 $7,500.0 $5,000.0 $6,000.0 $1,000.0
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget _Re'_quest_
The Agency requests $6,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation,
an increase of $1,000,000 from 1987 for environmental compliance projects.
Program Description
This program funds the design and construction of new EPA facilities, as well
as necessary repairs and improvements to buildings already occupied by EPA. The
Agency is currently upgrading its facilities by improving heating and ventilating
systems, enlarging hazardous waste handling areas, improving fire detection systems,
providing interior and exterior facility repairs, upgrading electrical systems,
performing engineering and planning studies, and making emergency repairs. in
addition, the Agency is currently designing a new radiation facility in Montgomery,
Alabama, with construction planned for 1987.
This program contains the following two elements:
New Facilitiej - This includes architectural-engineering and design services
and building costs for the construction of new Federally owned facilities to be
occupied by EPA and existing Federally owned and EPA occupied facilities.
Repairs & Improvements This covers major repairs and capital improvements
to any buildings or facilities occupied by EPA. Most of the projects relate to
the correction of health and safety and environmental compliance deficiencies, the
prevention of serious deterioration, and the modification of current facilities to
meet program requirements.
HEM FACILITIES
1988 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting any funds for this activity in 1988.
Program
In 1987, the Agency is not allocating any new funds for this activity.
We are continuing our efforts, with carryover funds, to design and construct a new
radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama, and construct a full containment
facility in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1987 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $2,000,000 results from the following action:
-Rescission. (-$2,000,000) A rescission of $2,500,000 is proposed for the
Building and Facilities appropriation.
{
1986__Accomp1 i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $117,500 for this program, all of
which was carryover from the FY 1985 Buildings and Facilities appropriation.
These funds were used to continue the design of the radiation laboratory in
Montgomery, Alabama, the full containment facility in Cincinnati, and to complete
construction of the Wildlife Toxicology Facility in Corvallis, Oregon, and the
Pollution Abatement Facility in Narragansett, Rhode Island.
BF-5
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REPAIRSAND IMPROVEMENTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an increase
of $1,000,000 from 1987 to be used for environmental compliance projects. These
funds will provide planning, engineering design, and construction related to the
repair and Improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, these
funds will be used to address critical repairs related to employee health and
safety (fire protection installation); environmental compliance efforts in EPA
facilities (asbestos removal and hazardous materials storage); and required altera-
tions and repairs (electrical distribution, air conditioning, emergency power for
animal facilities).
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency*is allocating a total of $5,000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources are
being utilized primarily to provide facilities maintenance and repair In an effort
to prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities; to initiate environmental
compliance activities such as asbestos and PCB removal; and to continue health and
safety Improvements and modifications to facilities reflecting shifts in program
priorities and upgraded space requirements.
1987 Explanation of Changes frgm the E nacted Level
The net decrease of $500,000 results from the following action;
. -Rescission. (-$500,000) A rescission of $E,500,000 is proposed for the
Building and Facilities appropriation.
1986 AccomglIshmentA
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,443,200, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to complete
various health and safety and environmental compliance improvements to protect EPA
employees and provide routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites throughout
the nation.
BF.6
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Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents_
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS CG-1
Constructs on Grants C6-3
CG-1
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL BDDfiET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Appropriation $1,774,200.0 0.0 $2,000,000.Oa/ 12,000,000.Oa/$2,000,000.Ob/ -$1,200,000
$2,109,810.0 $108,267.0 $1,520,000.0 $1,520,000.0 $595,525.0" -$924,475.0
Obligations
Outlays $3,112,547.0 $2,355,200.0 $2,600,000.0 $2,600,000.0 $2,320,000.0 -$778,000.0
Authorization Levels Authorization for Construction firants expired September 30, 1985, and Is pending
reauthorizatlon.
o
ff3
I
1X5 a/ Congress appropriated $2,400,000,000, but made only $1,200,000,000 available pending reauthorization.
The President's Budget proposes $800,000,000 for later tansmlttal.
b/ A Budget Amendment-for $2,000,000,000 will be submitted once appropriate reform legislation is enacted.
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency has provided almost $4i>,OUQ,OQO,OUO in
grants for construction of wastewater treatment plants. As part of the effort to
transfer program responsibility to the States, the Administration has submitted a
revised proposal to reauthorize this program through 1993, including both grants and
loans provisions. This .revised proposal would provide a total of $12,000,000,000.
This proposal will provide the means for a cost-effective and environmentally
responsible transition to State and local control. The proposal requires first use
of funds to meet core environmental needs. States could also request grants, with
limited federal requirements, to use for loans to communities. Existing set asides
for rural communities and innovative/alternative processes, as well as State 20
percent discretionary authority, would be repealed.
Imp 1,ernenting the current Clean Water Act and the Administration's proposed
legislation, the goals of the Construction Grants program continue to be to improve
water quality and protect health, to reduce the discharge of municipal wastewater
pollutants, and to ensure an effective transition of program management and financial
responsibility from the Federal to State and local governments. To meet these goals,
the program provides grants to municipal and intermunicipal agencies to assist in
financing the construction of cost-effective and environmentally sound municipal
wastewater treatment facilities to comply with requirements of the Clean Uater Act.
In addition, the program provides funds to help delegated States manage the Construc-
tion Grants program and carry out water quality management planning programs. EPA
works with the States to ensure that funds go to projects with the greatest water
quality and public health impact. As of the end of FY 1986, 2,602 projects-remained
active.
To assist the transition of responsibility, EPA is providing essential guid-
ance to implement statutory and Agency requirements; providing training and tech-
nical assistance to State and EPA personnel to develop needed skills; helping
maintain facilities compliance; and continuing to maintain essential oversight of
State construction and operations and maintenance programs.
CG-3
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds for the Construction Grants Appropriation for
1988 at this time. Upon enactment of the Administration's new reauthorization
proposal, the Agency will submit an amended request for $2,000,000,000.
P rogram Descript i on
This program provides funds to municipal and intermunicipal agencies to
assist in financing the construction of cost-effective and environment ally sound
municipal wastewater treatment facilities and to assist States in carrying out
their responsibilities. Agency management resources are described in the Municipal
Source Control subactivity.
Statutory set-aside provisions currently in the Clean Water Act allow States
to reserve up to four percent of their authorization or $400,000, whichever is
greater, primarily to manage delegated activities. All grants for assisting
in the construction of wastewater treatment facilities are to be awarded on the
basis of a State's priority system, which is designed to ensure that funds are
awarded to projects with the greatest potential for improving water quality.
The 1981 Amendments to the Clean Water Act increased non-Federal responsibil-
ity for financing construction, from 25 percent to 4,5 percent for awards made be-
ginning in 1985 while maintaining the share for already started phased or segmented
projects at .25 percent. Grantees must demonstrate prior to award that the most
economical alternative has been selected, including construction, operation, main-
tenance, and replacement costs. Value engineering review became mandatory for pro-'
jects above $10 million. Additionally, engineering firms must oversee a project's
first year of operation to help ensure that it meets design and permit specifica-
tions. Other provisions designed to make projects more cost effective included
eliminating funding to construct reserve capacity, limiting project eligibilities
beginning in 1985, and providing for State discretion on certain funding eligibil-
ities. Proposed amendments to phase out federal financial assistance by 1994
would reduce the Federal funding portion to a total of $12,000,000,000. EPA is
continuing work with all States to develop and maintain effective State wastewater
treatment facilities construction programs.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for the program at this time. Once appropriate
legislation is enacted the Agency will submit an amended request totalling
$2,000,000,000 for the Construction Grants appropriation. Consistent with deficit
reduction goals, the Administration has developed a proposal to provide funding
through 1993 for a flexible grant and State loan program. The proposal requires
first use of funds to meet core environmental needs.
This funding level under the amended request will provide for a total of 300
grant awards. Initial loan activities are expected to be underway in many States.
A total of 800 projects are expected to complete construction with 1,836 active
projects at the end of the year. Section 205(g) and (j) set aside obligations
are expected to continue at authorized levels.
CG-4
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1987_ Program
The Agency is currently allocating a total of $1,200,000,000 for construction
grants. The Agency will request a supplemental appropriation of an additional
$800,000,000 after enactment of the Administration's proposed Clean Water Act amend-
ments.
The Agency estimates gross obligations of $2,350,000,000 and net outlays of
approximately $2,750,000,000. This funding level provides for a total of 490
grants awards resulting in 1,920 active construction grants projects at the end of
1987. A total of 926 projects are expected- to complete construction during the
year. Section 205(g) and (j) set aside obligations are expected to continue at
authorized levels.
1987 jExpJanat i on _of Ch_angeSLJ f r' ori^ | het :Enacted
Th,ere is no change from the enacted level of the 1987 Budget,
1986 Accomp 11 shroent._s
In 1986, net construction grants obligations totaled $1,762,140,330, and sup-
ported 428 Step 3 and 2+3 grant awards. This funding resulted in 2,602 active pro-
jects at the end of 1986. During the year, construction was completed on 869 pro-
jects. Federal outlays totaled $3,112,547,000. States obligated $93,400,000
under 205{g) and $18,800,000 under 205{j)»
CG-5
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Superfund
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
_ Page
SUPERFUND SE-_1_
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances Research., ., SF-10
Scientific Assessment...... SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance .................... SF-17
Health Effects... SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology SF-18
Environmental Processes and Effects SF-20
Exploratory Research SF-21
Technical Information and Liaison..... SF-21
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-23
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring............ SF-E7
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-28
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-29
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations.... SF-31
Title III - Enforcement SF-33
SARA Title III Enforcement SF-34
MANAGEMENT S SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support.......* SF-36
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters.......... SF-42
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions............... SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions.......... SF-44
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-45
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-45
Hazardous Substance Computer Services....... SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters................ SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions... SF-47
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-47
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation SF-48
Hazardous Substance'-Officfr of ttie Comptroller.....,,..,....,...., SF*49
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Support..... . SF-50
Title III - Management & Support SF-51
External Affairs - Title III - Office of External Affairs SF-53
Administrative Management * Title III - Office of
Administration and Resources Management... SF-54
ADP Support - Title III - Office of Administration
and Resources Management.... SF-54
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response.. * *.. SF-56
Hazardous Spill & Site Response..........* *..., SF-S7
Hazardous Substance Response - Support......... SF-60
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Mater.. SF-62
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation. SF-63
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency*........ ...» SF-65
Department of Health £ Human Services.. SF-68
United States Coast Suard..........,*.....*... SF-69
Department of Justice SF-89
Federal Emergency Management Agency.... . SF-70
SF-.1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND (continued)
National OceanograpMc & Atmospheric Administration.......*..... SF-70
Department of Interior,...,.. a............. SF-71
Occupational Safety & Health Administration..*, SF-71
Title III - Response.... SF-73
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-Know..,. SF-75
Title III - Office of Pesticides * Toxic Substances SF-76
Title III - Federal Emergency Management Agency
Emergency Tra1 nlng.. . SF-77
SF-la
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SUPERFUNO
, ACTUAL
1986
< . , ...
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
... 1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Superfund $261,300.0 $1050,000.0* $1411,300.0 $1123,108.6 $1200,000.0 $76,891.4
Advances to Trust Fund** ($198,000.0) ($33,000.0) ($635,400.0) ($635,400.0) 0.0 (-$635,400.0)
TOTAL, Superfund
$261,300.0 $1050,000.0 $1411,300,0 $1123,108.6 1200,000.0 $76,891.4
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,511.3 556.2 2,220.2 2,220.2 2,716.0 +495.8
.. 1,642.8 716.0 2,416.0 2,416.0 2,716.0 +300.0
$434,979.0 $770,800.0 $550,000.0 $550,000.0 $900,000.0 +$350,000.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthor1zat.1on Act (SARA), enacted
October 17S 1986, authorizes a total of $8,500,000,000 to be
appropriated to the Hazardous Substance Superfund for 1987 through 1991.
*The 1987 Budget Estimate was not distributed 1n the Agency's Operating Plan by program element.
**In 1986, the Agency received repayable advances to fund essential program activities after CERCLA
taxing authority expired. In 1987, the Agency anticipates needing approximately $635,400,000 1n
advances to support the Hazardous Substances Superfund appropriation of $1,411,300,000 because
sufficient revenues from taxes and other sources will not be available to finance the entire
appropriation. No advances are anticipated for 1988,
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Super-fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986, charges the Agency with the responsibility for providing emergency
response for hazardous substances released Into the environment and the cleanup of
Inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The major emphasis of the Superfund pro-
gram will continue to be to stabilize Imminent threats from releases of hazardous
substances and to Implement the necessary long-term remedial response actions. The
Hazardous Substance Superfund finances the required activities to implement CERCLA
primarily through excise taxes levied On oil and chemical manufacturers and a
corporate environmental tax.
As authorized under CERCLA, the Agency will respond to releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants, and contaminants by either a removal or remedial action or
by compelling responsible parties to undertake the response action. Removal actions
are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate threat posed by the
uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at sites or spills into the air, land,
or water. Remedial actions involve long-term and more permanent remedies taken
instead of, or in addition to, removal actions. The program will continue to
select sites for remedial action from the National Priorities List (NPL) and to
undertake all response actions in accordance with the National Contingency Plan
(NCP).
The new statute significantly broadens Superfund authorities in key response,
enforcement, and research areas. It establishes cleanup standards and mandatory
schedules to ensure rapid and permanent solutions in cleaning up sites. It expands
State and public participation 1a the cleanup process and establishes a community
planning and emergency right-to-know program.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the program,
CERCLA and Executive Order 12316, except where superseded by SARA, provide a clear
mandate for the.Agency to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and
the States to carry out the Act.
The Agency undertakes six major activities in implementing the Superfund
program: Hazardous Substance Response, Interagency Support, Enforcement, Research
and Development, Management and Support, and Title III. The effective integration
of these activities involves close cooperation among various Agency offices, the
States, and other Federal agencies with specific program responsibilities.
More Sites in Final Cleanup Phase _^____
The Hazardous Substance Response program is responsible for protecting public
health and the environment from dangers associated with releases of hazardous
substances into the environment by providing the necessary funding and support to
undertake short-term emergency responses and long-term site cleanups. The activi-
ties include responding to spills and emergency releases of hazardous substances
and conducting remedial work at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
The Agency coordinates ah emergency response program to deal with the most
serious hazardous substance spills and site emergencies where the responsible
party or State and local governments are unable to respond adequately. The Agency
also conducts a comprehensive program to evaluate all known hazardous waste sites,
to establish priorities for remedial response, and to undertake the appropriate
remedy at as many sites as possible, if the responsible party is unwilling or
unable to respond.
SF-3
-------
In the removal program, the Agency expects to assume a greater proactive role
In 1988 by addressing threats of releases and thereby preventing actual releases of
hazardous substances. The Agency will continue to strengthen its emergency response
capabilities and the expanded removal authorities in SARA will allow for more
extensive cleanups. Provisions contained in SARA and the revised NCR will result
in a greater number of NPL sites being targeted for emergency response actions. In
taking these and non-NPL site actions, and in accordance with the Hazardous and
Solid Haste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, the Agency will make greater use of alter-
natives to land disposal In order to foster the use of permanent solutions.
The emphasis In 1988 will be to restore program momentum and implement a
balanced program to ensure that environmental threats are addressed as quickly and
effectively as possible. The funds requested, together with anticipated unobli-
gated balances from prior years, will ensure that the Agency is able to commence
remedial action at sites where design work has been completed. The Agency plans
to initiate fifty constructions in 1988.
The Agency will implement changes mandated by statute and improve both the
management and technical performance of the remedial and removal programs.
Also, the program will emphasize permanent remedy, consideration of alternative
technologies as part of on-site remedies, and evaluation of at least one alternative
to land disposal as part of each remedy selection. Furthermore, the Agency will
increase the opportunity of State and public participation in the remedy selection
process*
The 1988 request will also support activities complementary to direct response
actions. The Agency's Environmental Response Team will continue to provide training
and technical support to Agency, State, and local government personnel. The Agency
will continue to develop a system for collecting comprehensive national notification
and response data on accidental releases of oil and hazardous substances. Mechanisms
will be established to facilitate the transfer of research and other technical
information with -emphasis on the transfer of information concerning alternative
technologies to land disposal. Management information systems will be upgraded to
improve site management and program planning. . .
SignificantIncreases inInteragencySupport
Many Federal agencies continue to support the Superfund program. The 1988
request reflects the support for the significantly expanded health authorities
under SARA and the support needed as the strengthened enforcement authorities
increase the legal caseload. The Agency integrates the efforts of the Departments
of Health and Human Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor,
and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and manages an Interagency
budget process under Executive Order 12316, signed by the President in August
1981.
The activities of other Federal agencies are divided Into two basic categories.
The first category includes those activities which are episodic in nature and
taken in direct support of specific site or lspill response actions. With the
exception of FEMA, these actions are paid on a reimbursable basis. The second
category of other Federal agency involvement is support for on-going activities
which are generally not incident-specific. These activities include developing
program policies and guidance, conducting health research, training response
personnel, litigating civil and criminal cases, and providing scientific and
technical advicfe to EPA on-scene coordinators. All funds are provided through
transfer allocation accounts with the exception of the United States Coast Guard.
The system of dual activities ensures sufficient support for broad-based, consist-
ent, and reliable Federal management, while providing the Agency with the tools to
manage and coordinate activities at specific sites.
SF-4
-------
Cpnti nue Vigorous. Enforcement Efforts
The Enforcement program seeks to maximize the number of sites cleaned up
by securing Responsible Party (RP) response. Where sufficient RP response 1s
not forthcoming and Superfund is used to clean up the site, the program will
seek recovery of costs from the RP. In 1988, increases are planned to strengthen
the enforcement process and encourage settlements by responsible parties and to
accelerate Federal facility response actions.
The complex issues involved in the Superfund technical enforcement program
require a close working relationship between the Agency's legal and technical
operations, Department of Justice, Regional and Headquarters staff, and other
Agency offices. Within this framework, enforcement information 1s developed about
a site. Based on this information and in consultation with State and program
staffs, a Fund-financed or RP-financed remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) is conducted to determine a remedy consistent with the NCP.
RPs are given the opportunity to design and construct the remedy necessary to
alleviate the identified threat. If negotiations are not successful, either the
remedial action proceeds using Superfund resources and a future cost recovery
action is initiated against the RPs, or CERCLA Section 106 administrative or judicial
procedures may be Initiated to compel a responsible party response. Agreements
by RPs to undertake response actions are ratified in the form of CERCLA Section
104/106 administrative orders on consent for RP RI/FS and removal actions or
consent decrees for remedial response actions. In the event of non-compliance
with the terms of an order or decree, Regions provide the documentation for develop-
ment and support of a civil action to enforce the order or decree.
Expanded Research Efforts at Sites
The Research and Development program supports the Agency, States, and industry
in resolving technical problems which inhibit the effective implementation of
removal and remedial actions. Support focuses on adapting existing technologies
and scientific Information for application to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Superfund research and development activities are systematically designed to
provide methods for sampling and analyzing hazardous waste materials needed for
quality assurance protocols; techniques for field response personnel to use in
evaluating potential sites; and engineering and other technical guidance to Federal,
State, and local officials for immediate response at uncontrolled hazardous waste
site cleanup operations.
In addition, research and development will be expanded under the new require-
ments of SARA. In 1988, the Superfund research program will provide increased
technical support to the Regions conducting site cleanups and enforcement actions.
A key feature of the 1988 effort will be to establish a comprehensive and coordinated
Federal program of research, development, and demonstration to promote commercial-
ization of alternative and innovative treatment technologies for use in response
actions. This program will provide incentives for development and use of such
technologies and will Improve the Agency's scientific capabilities to assess,
detect, and evaluate effects on, and risk to, human health from hazardous sub-
stances.
Enhanced Management and Support -
This function provides the financial, administrative, and support services
.necessary to manage and Implement the Superfund program. This Includes financial
management to track and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Superfund;
administrative management of contract, personnel, information systems, office and
laboratory services, and safety training; services for space, utilities, and other
non-personnel support needs, which includes computer services. Management and
SF-5
-------
support also includes the provision of legal services; auditing services; policy
analysis and program evaluation; budget development and oversight; effective com-
munication with interested parties outside the Agency; and lab support for Superfund
research.
In 1988, additional support will be provided for expanded contract manage-
ment capability, additional Superfund cost recovery activity, and site-specific
accounting,,
Implement Title III Activities
Title III of SARA establishes a process by which States and local communities
are responsible for developing emergency plans. It also requires industrial facili-
ties to submit information on hazardous chemicals to State and local communities.
Title III requires the Agency to collect and make available to the public informa-
tion on toxic chemical release inventories; to publish rules, formats, guidances,
and threshold quantities for reporting; and to conduct a study on public alert
systems and emergency systems for detecting, monitoring, and preventing releases
of extremely hazardous substances. It also authorizes the Federal Emergency
Management Agency to provide grants for emergency planning, training and education
programs.
The Agency will work with the National and Regional Response Teams to provide
the guidance, technical assistance, and training to States and local communities to
ensure that facilities actively participate in the development of emergency prepar-
edness plans. The Agency will publish mandated formats for reporting, propose
reporting thresholds, and revise hazard categories if necessary. It will provide
the guidance, technical assistance, and training needed by States and local
communities to organize and use effectively the information provided by industry.
The Agency will conduct a study on public alert and emergency systems for detect-
ing, monitoring, and preventing releases of extremely hazardous substances.
The Agency will provide engineering and toxicology support to communities and
States in analyzing information from the emissions Inventory- and emission release
reports. Finally, the toxic substances enforcement program will ensure that
manufacturers comply with requirements for filing emergency and hazardous chemical
inventory forms and submitting toxic chemical release forms.
SF-6
-------
SUPERFUND
Actual
1986
Current
Estimate
1987
Estimate
1988
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1988 vs. 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Inpremental Outputs
Response Activities
Removal Actions . 149
Remedial Actions:
Preliminary Assessments ... 4,262
Site Inspections .......... 1,267
Expanded Site Inspections,.
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Lead 0
Enforcement Lead 13
Fund-Financed Designs 24
Fund-Financed Remedial
Actions 12
Enforcement Actions:
Responsible Party Response
Removal 47
RI/FS 49
Remedial Actions........... 11
Federal Facilities
RI/FS (New)..,.., , 4
Remedial Actions
Judicial Enforcement
§106 Referrals 17
Cost Recovery Referrals.... 40
Criminal Referrals 7
200
3,670
1,257
100
54
36
65
32
52
33
18
47
47
34
9
200
3,200
935
100
54
36
60
50
55
40
29
47
2
87
46
14
-470
-322
-5
*3
+7
+11
+2
+40
+12
+5
SF-7
-------
SUPERFUND
Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1986 1987 1988 1988 vs. 1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Response Activities
Removal Actions 777 977 1,177 +200
Remedial Actions:
Preliminary Assessments .. 20,184 23,854 27,054 +3,200
Site Inspections ......... 6,442 7,699 8,634 +935
Expanded Site Inspections. -< 100 200 +100
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Lead .< ..«,., 305 359 413 +54
Enforcement Lead ......... 127 163 199 +36
Fund-Financed Designs .... 71 136 196 +60
Fund-Financed Remedial
Actions 46 78 128 +50
Enforcement Actions:
Responsible Party Response
Removal 234 286 341 +55
RI/FS...».... ...... 126 159 199 +40
Remedial Actions....,...., 60 78 107 +29
Federal Facilities
RI/FS (New) .............. 4 51 98 +47
Remedial Actions.......... -» 2 +2
Judicial Enforcement
§106 Referrals............ 106 153 240 +87
Cost Recovery Referrals... 154 188 234 +46
Criminal Referrals........ 7 16 30 +14
SF-8
-------
Research and
Development
TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances Research SF-10
Scientif 1 c Assessment ...p.....*.....*.... SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance...........»......*..»... SF-17
Health Effects SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology SF-18
Environmental Processes and Effects. , SF-20
Exploratory Research * , SF-21
Technical Information and Liaison SF-21
SF-9
-------
SUPERFIJND
1 i i
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
^DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
7
|uA
o
Scientific Assessment -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Health Effects
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering A
Technology - Superfund
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
X Effects - Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Exploratory Research
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
$1,020.3
$1,020,3
$5,056.1
$5,056,1
$4,104.7
$4,104.7
$361.1
$361.1
$28717.6
$2,717.6
$2,717.6 $4,328.7 $1,611.1
$2*717,6 $4,328.7 $1,611.1
$9,085.6
$9,085.6
$2,171.9
$2,171.9
$9,085.6
$9,085.6
$2,171.9
$2,171.9
$12,781.4
$12,781.4
$3,745.0
$3,745.0
$3,695.8
$3,695.8
$1,573.1
$1,573.1
$18,826.0 $18,826.0 $31,753.2 $12,927.2
$18,826.0 $18,826.0 $31,753.2 $12,927.2
$2,448.0 $2,448.0 $3,077S9 $629,9
$2,448,0 $2,448.0 $3,077.9 $629.9
$3,000.0 $3,000.0 $2,500.0 -$500.0
$3,000.0 $3,000.0 $2,500.0 -$500.0
-------
SURERFirND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL BUCKET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information
And Liaison
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $10,542.2
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $10,542.2
Research
$432,8 $432.8 $625.8 $193.0
$432,8 $432.8 $625.8 $193.0
$38,681.9 138,681.9 $58,812.0 $20,130.1
$38,681.9 $38,681.9 $58,812,0 $20,130.1
PERMANENT WORK WARS
Scientific Assessment -
Superfund
Monitoring Systems I
Quality Assurance -
Superfimd
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering 8
Technology - Superfund
Environmental Processes
S Effects - Superfund
Technical Information
And Liaison
4.8
17.8
29.2
2.3
10.6
23.7
6.7
.1.0
10.6
23.7
6.7
1.0
11.4
24,3
i.o
.8
.6
3.0 3.0 3.0
34.9 34.9 38.9 4.0
.3
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
54.1
79.9
79.9
85.6
5.7
-------
Engineering X
Technology - Superfund
Envl rorwental Processes
i fffects - SuperfumJ
Technical Infomatlon
And Liaison
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
TOTAL NORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Super fund
HonltoHng Systens 1
Quality Assurance -
Stipe rfund
Health Effects
Environmental
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
4.9 " 11.4
17 .8 24.3
3.0
32.5 38.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
11.4
24.3
3.0
38.9
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
11.4
24.3
3.0
38.9
2,4
7.0
1.0
7.0
1.0
7.0
1.0
TOTAL HORK YEARS
57.6
85,6
85.6
85.6
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
P_.rJ -P-CJJ??!.JH?-Ru-t-5 by Objecti ve
Objective 1; ProvideTechniques and Procedures for Site andSituationAssessment
1988; o Chemical-specific Health Effects Assessment Documents (Sci, Assessment)
o Report on validation of geophysical methods for subsurface characteriza-
tion of Superfund sites (Monitoring)
o Site-specific evaluations of chemical and biological detoxification pro-
cesses (Engineering)
1987; o Chemical-specific Health Effects Assessment Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Summary Report: Evaluating Superfund site air monitoring methods and
equipment (Monitoring)
- o Cost estimation models for remedial action technologies (Engineering)
1986: o Chemical-specific Health Effects Assessment Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Stringfellow leachate treatment with the rotating biological contactor
(Engineering)
Objective2: EvaluateTechnologies to Manage Uncontrolled Haste Sites
1988: o Assessment report for on-site stabilization/fixation methods (Engineering)
o Evaluation report on the cost and performance of RCRA alternative ~tecfr«
nologles applied to Superfund residuals (Engineering)
1987: o Handbook oii leachate treatment techniques (Engineering)
o Evaluation of soil fractionation techniques for more cost-effective ex-
traction of contaminants (Engineering)
1986: o Systems to accelerate jj situ stabilization of waste deposits (Engineering)
Objective 3; Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment^and
Procedures " ' ' ' : ""''"^"II
1988: o Evaluation of personal hazard detectors for highly toxic chemicals (Engi-
neering)
o Performance of personal cooling devices for use with protective clothing
(Engineering) '
1987; o Evaluation of EPA/U.S. Army developed breathing apparatus for personnel
protection (Engineering)
1986; o Report on the Intra-EPA Workshop on Personnel Protection Technology (Engi-
neering)
Objective 4: Support Reportable QuantitiesRegulatoryEfforts
1988: o Reportable Quantities documentation for cardnogenicity and chronic
health effects (Sci. Assessment)
1987: o Reportable Quantities documentation for card nogenicity and chronic health
effects (Sci. Assessment)
SF-13
-------
1986; o Reportable Quantities documentation for carcinogenlcity and chronic health
effects (Sci. Assessment)
Objective S; Provide Technical Support to Enforcement., Program and Regional Offices
19S8; o Reports on remote sensing for Superfund sites (Monitoring)
o State-of-the-art technology seminars for Regional Offices (Engineering)
1987; o State-of-the-art technology seminars for Regional Offices (Engineering)
1986; o State-of-the-art technology seminars for Regional Offices (Engineering)
o Destruction of dioxin contaminated solids and liquids by mobile incinera-
tion (Engineering)
; -.Objectjva-fi; Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation
1988; o Annual report on CERCLA quality assurance program (Monitoring)
1987; o Annual report on CERCLA quality assurance program (Monitoring)
1986; o Annual report on CERCLA quality assurance program (Monitoring)
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer
1988; o Annual report on .CERCLA technology transfer activities (Technical Info.)
1987: o Annual report on CERCLA technology transfer activities (Technical Info.)
Objective J8; .... Conduct Innovative/Alternative Technology Research, Development and
QeionStration.! r~~"-
1988; o Survey of Innovative monitoring methods (Monitoring)
o Annual status report to Congress (Engineering)
Q Technology demonstration reports on ten innovative technologies (Engi-
neering)
1987; o Annual status report to Congress (Engineering)
o Technology development reports on innovative technologies (Engineering)
o "First-year Innovative technology demonstration report (Engineering)
-..Objective Jh_ Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research
1988; o Report on cost-effective screening methods for field application (Moni-
toring)
o Report on rapid response toxlcity data development on priority compounds
(Health)
o Report on preliminary evaluation, by comparative rautagenic/carcinogenic
potency, of the efficacy of Superfund cleanups using Incineration (Health)
o Guide for application of risk assessment methods by Superfund personnel
in the field (Sci. Assessment)
1987; o Report on rapid response toxicity data development on priority compounds
(Health)
o Report on screening methods available for field use (Monitoring)
SF-14
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,812,000 supported by 85.6 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $20,130,100 from 1987 and no change in total workyears.
All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund appropriation.
Program Description _
The Superfund research program conducts research and applies completed research
and expertise obtained from other programs, such as research conducted in support
of the Resource- Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), to the clean-up of Superfund
sites. This technical support Includes providing tailored guidance documents, oper-
ations manual , assessment techniques, and technical expertise to meet the specific
requirements of EPA program and Regional Offices, States and local authorities.
Objective 1; Prqvide J^chnlques and Procedures for Site and Situation; Assess*
ment. These activities"plrovfdeTthe techniques and procedures to allow on-scene
coordinators (OSCs) to quickly and effectively assess the degree of hazard posed
at specific uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Objective2;Evaluate Technologies toManage Uncontrolled Haste Sites.
Acti vities supporting this objective evaluate and assess the technologies, tech-
niques and construction materials which may be applicable to controlling hazardous
waste releases to the environment in a cost-effective manner.
Objective 3; Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment
ancfProcedures. These activities provide evaluation and assessment of the tech-
nolog1es appli cable to ensuring personnel health and safety during removal and
clean-up operations.
Dbjecti ye 4:Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. These activ^
1ties ^support Superfund regul atory efforts by raritci₯g and assigning reportable
quantities to chemicals based upon either carcinogem'city or chronic health effects
information. This information is then used by the program office to adjust report-
able quantities for these chemicals.
_____ Objective 5; Provide Technical ^Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices* This wrk provides""review of remedial action design and Implementation
plans and review of new data submitted by liable parties for specific site problems.
Review and'technical-expertise is also provided to the enforcement program and-the
Regional' offices.
.Objective 6; Provjde Qua!1 tyAssurance Support for CERCLA Imp!ementation. An_
exfehsive programis being proviaedfor the Hationa1 Contract Laboratory Program.
It includes development and promulgation of analytical methods to measure and char-
acterize samples from Superfund sites, and review and evaluation of all quality
assurance and quality control plans.
Objecti ve 7: Provi de Techno!ogy Transfer. This program transmits information
to theprogram office, Regions, states and local authorities to assist them in the
implementation of Superfund site clean-ups.
_ Objective 8. Conduct Innoyatiye/Alternative Technology Research. Pavelopment
and fiemonstration. This program fulfills the Agency's authority under CERCLA §311(b)
-to carry out a comprehensive program of research, development and demonstration
SF-15
-------
for the purpose of promoting the commercialization of innovative and alternative
treatment and monitoring technologies.
Objective 9|. Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research.
This program fulfil Is the Agency's authority under CERCLA §311 (c)' to carry out a
comprehensive program of research and development to enhance the Agency's scien-
tific capabilities to detect, assess, and evaluate effects on, and risks to, human
health from hazardous substances.
Objective 10.I/A Treatment Technology.Test Facility. This one-time request.
will provide A test ami evaluation facility in support of the innovative/alternative
technology demonstration program.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1988 Program Request _._
The Agency requests a total of $4,328,700 supported by 11.4 total workyears
for this program, all Of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,611,100 and no change In total
workyears. The Increase reflects substantial expansion of the new research program
established in 1987 to provide information on the health risks of hazardous sub-
stances for use by the program office and Regional Offices.
- Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Site-
~ancTchemical-specific exposure and risk assessments will be prepared to assist the
program office and Regions 1n evaluating the degree of hazard at uncontrolled waste
sites. Health Effects Assessments will be provided. The program will provide a
central point for coordinating review of Regional risk assessments and a focal
point for Regional Offices to call for risk assessment assistance.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific card no-
gen icTlyaJnl:r"cTirlJii^^ be provided to the program
office for use in adjusting Reportable Quantities for various hazardous substances
as mandated by the CERCLA amendments*
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. Site=_
and chemical-specific assessments will be prepared to respond to the need to assess
the relative health risks associated with remedial activities at Superfund sites at
which enforcement has the lead. Assessments will range from brief hazard summaries
to detailed endangerment assessments for use In negotiation or litigation.
Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research. . A coordinated.
~ ancT comprehensive hazardous substances research program Is now authorized by §311(c)
of"CERCLA. Under this program, research to provide data and methodologies for use
In health risk assessment throughout the response process will be expanded. Efforts
will continue on reproductive health risks from chemical mixtures, on methods for
use of available exposure Information, on phanroacokinetic models for use in risk
assessment and on methods to characterize risk from chemical mixtures.
1987 Program _______
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,717,600 supported by 11.4
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Activities include preparation of Health Effects Assess-
ments, provision of risk assessment assistance to Regional Offices and review and
preparation of endangerment assessments for enforcement. Research is conducted on
reproductive health risks, methods for using exposure information in risk assess-
ment, use of pharmacokinetic data in risk assessment, and methods to characterize
risk from .mixtures of chemicals.
SF-16
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1986 jy.ccg.irp11 shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,020,300 supported by 4.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The program produced 58 Health Effects Assessments and 16 rapid
response health assessments, carcinogenic and chronic health effects documentation
for many hazardous substances to support reportable quantity adjustment, and assis-
tance in health and risk assessment to Enforcement on 20 sites.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1§88Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,781,400 supported by 24.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $3,695,800 and no change in total work-
years. The Increase reflects an accelerated program to assist the Regions in con-
ducting assessments and monitoring of Superfund sites, additional sample evaluation
and methods development for the quality assurance program, testing of additional,
unproven monitoring techniques, and expansion of a new program to develop rapid
screening techniques to characterize substances found at Swperfund,sites,
Prjjlde^Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. In-
creased efforts will be made to evaluate, validate, field test, and standardize '
monitoring techniques to support monitoring at Superfund sites. Analytical methods
for hazardous substances at sites will continue to be validated for use on Superfund
wastes. Groundwater and soil sampling protocols will be developed.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. In-
creased aerial imagery ana photographic interpretation and monitoring support for
case preparation, compliance monitoring and development of settlement agreements
wil,l be provided. Site-specific sampling design and quality assurance procedures
will be developed.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA IImplementation. Increased qual-
ity assurance support will be providedto the Contract Laboratory Program. Addi-~
tional precontract assessment, calibration materials, laboratory performance assess-
ment, and evaluation/improvement of analytical methods will be provided.
Conduct^Alternat.ive/Innovati ye Technology Research, Development and Demonstrja-
tlpruIncreased test and evaluation of newly developed, but unproven, innovative"
monitoring techniques will occur in the continued §311(b) program to develop"and
demonstrate techniques to characterize and define the extent of contamination
and the chemical and physical character of contaminants at Superfund sites. In
addition, promising advanced/innovative monitoring techniques and systems which
are not yet ready for demonstration will continue to be further developed so
that their utility- for Superfund pollutant characterization can be demonstrated.
Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessinent and Detgctlon Research. Increased dev-
elopment and validation of promising field screening techniques having the potential"
to provide improved Superfund pollutant characterization will be pursued. The
development of rapid monitoring screening systems will permit cost saving field
decisions, analysis of large numbers of samples in the field, optimize selection of
samples for off-site laboratory analysis, and focus sampling efforts on zones of
highest contamination.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,085,600 supported by 24.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
SF-17
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appropriation. Existing monitoring techniques are being evaluated for their appli-
cability to Superfund site assessment. Technical support in monitoring and analysis
is being provided to the Enforcement program, quality assurance support and remote
sensing are being provided, newly developed monitoring techniques are being tested
and evaluated, and development of rapid field screening techniques is underway.
1986Accgnyl 1_shmentS.
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $5,056,100 supported by 17.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. During 1986, remote sensing was provided for use in site assessments.
In addition, assistance in the assessment and demonstration of source and ambient
air monitoring equipment and analytical methods for sites was provided. Protocols
for sampling of ground water and sediment and monitoring assistance to the Enforce-
ment program were provided.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,745,000 supported by 3.0 total workyears for
this program, all of-which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $1,573,100 and no change In total workyears.
The increase reflects substantial expansion of the health effects research program
established in 198? pursuant to §311(c) of CERCLA as amended.
Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research. As part of the
coordinated and comprehensive hazardous substances research program now authorized
by CERCLA, research will be expanded in tht areas of rapid response toxicity testing
of selected waste samples. In addition, the efficacy of site clean-ups that employ
incineration will be evaluated by testing the toxicity of residues. Dose measurement
techniques for Inhaled compounds will be developed as will methods for predicting
neurotoxic effects from interactions of complex mixtures. New work to evaluate
plant surveillance Systems for detecting contaminated sites will be undertaken.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,171,900 supported by 3,0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Supeffund
appropriation. In :1987, a health effects research program is being initiated
pursuant to the §311i(c5 of CERCLA to enhance the Agency's scientific capabilities
to evaluate and assess the health effects of and risks to humans from hazardous
substances. Research Is beginning on nptd response toxicity testing, toxicity
testing of residues from site cleanups involving incineration, development -of
dose measurement techniques and development of methods for predicting neurotoxic
effects from interactions of complex chemical mixtures.
1986 Accomplishments
There was no Superfund Health Effects research program In 1986.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $31,753,200 supported by 38.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
SF-18
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appropriation. This represents an increase of $12,927,200 and no change in total
workyears. The increase reflects a major expansion of the Superfund innovative/
alternative treatment technology demonstration program and the inclusion of funds
for renovation of the ORD's Edison, New Jersey facility in support of that program.
..Provide^ Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Engi-
neering expertise will bei provided""toBassist theSiperfund program office assessment
of site characteristics and In planning response actions at sites. Information on
technology applicability based on waste characteristics, hydrology, geology, soil
characteristics, and engineering costs will continue to be provided.
IyatuateTechnologies to Manage Uncontrol1ed Waste Sites. Technology-specific
evaluations will be provided intheareasof in situ and on-sTEe treatment. Efforts
will include identification, at laboratory andpilot scale, of processes most
suitable for soil fractionation in the field. Such techniques would contribute to
minimizing on-site treatment and disposal costs.
Proyidje Intonation on Personnel Healthy Protective Equipment and Procedures.
Yhjs activity will identify, evaluate and promote the technical Improvement "of
commercially available or prototypical protective clothing, equipment and procedures
for use in responses at Superfund sites. Reports on personnel hazard detectors,
personnel cooling devices, and vital signs monitors will be provided.
^rovldeJechnlcal Support to EnforcementL. Progj-am andjtegional Off 1 ces. Addt-
tionaltechnical advice and consultation on response options will be provided for "
Superfund sites to Regional CERCLA programs and to the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement. These activities provide verification of remedial action design and
implementation and review of new data submitted by potentially responsible parties
for site-specific problems.
ConductAlternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and Demonstra-
tion.A major increase will occur in the innovative/alternative treatment technol-
ogy research program authorized by §311(b) of CERCLA as amended and initiated 1h the
1987 research program. The objective of the program is to develop reliable cost and
'performance data on fully developed clean-up technologies so that their full com-
mercialization can be realized and their use on Superfund sites considered. .Demon-
strations are cost-shared with the developer paying for and conducting the technol-
ogy demonstration and EPA paying for and conducting the performance evaluation and
publishing the results. This program also includes a. research component through
which emerging alternative technologies developed by the private sector are evalu-
ated by the Agency for their applicability to Superfund sites.
I/A Treatment TechnolQ.gy.Te£tf facility. Renovation of a portion of the facility
at the Edl son, tew Jersey 1 aboratory wi 11 be accompl i shed to provide a test and eval-"
uation facility 1n support of the Innovative/alternative technology demonstration
project. The facility will be advantageous to the Agency because it will provide
a site in which technologies can be demonstrated on an accelerated schedule due to
reduced permitting time and costs. In addition, by providing state-of-the-art
tiollutlon control eqaipment, a full spectrum of testing can be pursued without the
potential for emissions of hazardous substances. The facility will also provide a
means to consolidate and support the government-owned and contractor-operated EPA
Environmental Emergency Response Unit (EERU).
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,826,000 supported by 38.9
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Activities in 1987 Include the provision of site-specific
engineering assistance to the program office, Regions and Enforcement and evaluation
of site clean-up technologies and personnel protective equipment and procedures.
In addition, a major research, development, and demonstration program is being
SF-19
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initiated for innovative and alternative treatment technologies pursuant to §311{b)
of CERCLA as amended.
1986 Accompli shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,104,700 supported by 32.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. During 1986, the program reviewed site assessment and feasibility
plans and advised on engineering issues for Superfund sites. A prototype engineering
cost model was developed, and a computer-assisted engineering design workstation
was established to demonstrate the application of the technique to response action
assessment. An assessment was made of the technical and economic feasibility of
decontaminating and reusing protective garment materials. Detailed technical
manuals were completed on leachate plume management.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,077,900 supported by 7.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $629,900 and no change in total workyears.
The increase reflects an expansion in the provision of assistance to the Regions
and the program office in conducting Superfund site assessments.
Evaluate Technologies toJlanage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Techniques devel-
oped for the in situ clean-up of contaminated soils and groundwater will continue
to be applied"~₯o Superfund sites to evaluate their efficacy on complex mixtures.
The focus will be on the potential for enhanced, indigenous organisms, and for
sped ally.designed organisms, to biodegrade hazardous substances in situ.
Pjrgyide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. In-
creased technical support will be provided In responseto Regional, program office,
and State requests for assistance in applying subsurface models to predict fate/
transport of chemicals in saturated/unsaturated subsurface strata. The program will
provide assistance to the Regions in performing subsurface sampling and testing and
applying biological field sampling methods and bioassessment protocols to determine
the acute toxicity of hazardous subs'tances released into the environment.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,448,000 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. Evaluation of 1n situ techniques for use on Superfund sites to
clean up contaminated soils and" ground water has been initiated. In addition,
increased technical support is being provided on ground-water sampling, analyses,
and data interpretation. >
1986 Accomp11s h ment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $361,100 supported by 2.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. During 1986, technical support was provided 1n response to specific
requests from the Regions, Enforcement, and the states on groundwater sampling,
analyses, data interpretation and site-specific modeling.
SF-20
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EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,500,000 and no workyears for this program,
all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $500,000 and no change in total workyears. The decrease
reflects a decision to evaluate the results of projects supported in 1987 before
continuing to allocate significant resources for this program.
Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research. A targeted
competitive grants program will fund research on hazardous substances/waste abate-
ment and control. Srant proposals will be formally solicited for a one-time competi-
tion and applications will be reviewed for scientific merit by peer review panels.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,000,000 supported by no
workyears for this program, alt of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. In 1987, a targeted competitive grants research program is being
established to fund applied research on hazardous substances abatement and control
_jLCtivities, The initial focus will be on the study of in Situ methods for decon-
tamination of ground water and development of rapid analytical methods applicable
to complex mixtures at sites,
1986 Accomplishments
. There was no program 1n this area in 19.86.
«
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S62S.800 and 1.0 total workyear for this pro-
gram, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This represents an increase of $193,000 and no change in total workyears. The
increase is to support an expanded program of technology transfer services to
the Regions that will be provided in response to increased needs of the Superfund
clean-up program.
Provide Technology Transfer. This program will expand to provide increased
coordination andprovision' of ORD technology transfer activities. Technological
information will be delivered to the program office, Regions, States and contractors
responsible for clean-up activities.' This activity will enhance the effective,
timely and efficient planning of permanent solutions for Superfund responses.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $432,800 supported by 1.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is .from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This program 1s developing mechanisms to coordinate ORD technology
transfer activities, and deliver technological Information to the program office,
Regions, States and contractors responsible for clean-up activities.
1986 Accomplishments
There was no program in this area during 1986.
SF-21
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response * Enforcement.............. SF-23
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement A Compliance Monitoring SF-27
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement ..»....,.. SF-28
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-29
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations...................... SF-31
Title III - Enforcement SF-33
SARA Title III Enforcement SF-34
SF-22
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Response - Enforcement
ACTUAL
1986
BUOffiT
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
$4,071.7
$4,071.7
140,753.3
TOTAL $40,7S3.3
TOTAL
$7,232.1
$7,232.1
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response - Enforcement
TOTAL
$52,057.1
TOTAL $52.057.1
$8,280.2 $8,280.2 $8.864.0 $S83,8
$8,280.2 $8,280,2 $8,864.0 $583.8
$76,217.5 $76,217.5 $96.114.3 $19,896.8
$76,217.5 $76,217.5 $96.114.3 $19.896.8
$12,370.4 $12,370.4 $14,477.8 $2,107.4
$12,370.4 $12,370.4 $14,477.8 $2,107.4
$796.8 $796.8 $1,467.9 $671.1
$796.8 $796.8 $1,467.9 $671.1
$97.664.9 $97,664.9 $120,924.0 $23,259.1
$97,664.9 $97.664.9 $120,924.0 $23,259.1
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Response - Enforcement
,,','..
V
PERMANENT WORK YEARS ..
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement-
Hazardous Substance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED
1986 ESTIMATE 1987
1987
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
29.4 36.0
377,7 539.5
145.9 195.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
36.0
539. B
195.5
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
45.5 9.5
653.0 113.5
262.5 " 67.0
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKffiARS
553.0
12.5
783.5
12.5
17.3
4.8
783.5 978.3 194.8
TOTAL WDRKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Konitorlng
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
33.3
404.3
39.5
583.0
39.5
583.0
45.5
653.0
6.0
70.0
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Response - Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 198? ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL WORK YEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
160.0 220.9
597.6
12.5
855.9
220.9
12.5
855.9
262.5
17,3
41.6
4.8
978.3 122.4
-n
&
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1ZO,924,000 supported by 978.3 total work-
years for 1988 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for technical,
administrative, and legal enforcement activities. This represents an Increase of
$23,259,100 and 122.4 workyears from 1987. The Increase reflects an expanded effort
to secure response actions at sites by responsible parties and the continued pursuit
of cost recovery 1n all cases where there 1s a financially viable party. An Increase
in criminal enforcement will also be supported.
Program Description ........
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986, was enacted in response to the threat to public health and the
environment posed by uncontrolled hazardous substances releases. The enforcement
program 1s designed to obtain the maximum possible response from responsible parties
(RPs).
The complex Issues Involved in the Superfund enforcement program require a
close working relationship between Agency legal and technical operations, the
Department of Justice (DOJ), Regional and Headquarters staffs, and other Agency
offices. Within this framework, enforcement information is developed about a site.
Based on this Information and in consultation with State and program staffs, a
Fund-financed or RP-financed remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) is
conducted to determine a remedy consistent with the National Contingency Plan (NCR).
RPs are given the opportunity to design and construct the remedy necessary
to alleviate the identified threat. If negotiations are not successful, either
the remedial action proceeds using Trust Fund resources, and a future cost recovery
action 1s Initiated against the RPs, or CERCLA Section 106 administrative or
judicial procedures may be Initiated to compel a responsible party response.
Agreements by RPs to undertake response actions are ratified 1n the form of CERCL'A
Section 104/106 administrative orders on consent for RP RI/FS and removal actions
or consent decrees for remedial response actions. In the event of non-compliance
with the terms of an order or decree, Regions provide the documentation for
development and support of a civil action to enforce the order or decree.
. Hazardous _Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance ____
r-- ' TlrtiTnprograrii supports the Superfund activities of the Rational _
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). The NEIC provides specialized technical
Support for civil .and criminal litigation development in nationally managed
cases, cases having precedential Implications, cases with multi -Regional Impacts,
and cases which are extremely complex or involve unique technological requirements.
Specialized support Includes field Investigations, laboratory analysis of high
hazard samples, and preparation of technical testimony.
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement This program develops the tech=
-nical documentation for Superfund enforcement and Initiates enforcement actions.
Program activities include Identifying RPs, performing site assessments and provid-
ing technical support for all stages of the negotiation process. These activities
support the achievement of RP response through referrals and litigative actions
for cost recovery by the Department of Justice. The program 1s also responsible
for the oversight of all RP response actions to assure compliance with settle-
ments achieved. Technical support is also provided for State-lead enforcement
actions.
SF-26
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Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement This program provides the legal staff
for Superfund enforcement. The goal of this program is to protect public health
and the environment from releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances.
Achievement of this goal involves Federal enforcement actions under SARA, Federal
cost recovery actions to assure equitable treatment of responsible parties and the
availability of Federal funds for additional cleanup, and assistance to the States
in the development of enforcement and cost recovery actions in conjunction with
Federal enforcement.
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations This program, under the
direction oftheNational Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) in Denver, has
as its basic goal initiation and conduct of criminal investigations under SARA.
The Criminal Investigations Program takes the lead in oversight of implementation
of criminal enforcement policy for SARA, participation in prosecution of criminal
cases with national or precedential significance, development of training programs,
and criminal case development for Agency personnel.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT . OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENTANDCOMPLIANCE
'HQRTTORIWa ' ! "" "*""""'' ' '
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,864,000 supported by 45.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The request represents an increase of $583,800 and 6.0 total
workyears from 1987. The increase is consistent with estimates of growth in
complexity and volume of program activity in areas requiring NEIC's specialized
support. These areas, coupled with growth of the National Priorities List (NPL)
are expected to produce demands for new geographic area assessments of health risk
and environmental harm,
In 1988 the impact of reauthorizatton will reach full momentum. Several
critical areas with new or increased activity will create greater demand for-the
special environmental monitoring work at which NEIC is expert, including:
Responsible party searches - The substantial increases in emphasis on negotia-
tion will make early, comprehensive searches much more important. NEIC provides a
major resource to the Regions in automated data base analysis for corporate
histories and chains of ownership.
Nonbinding preliminary allocations of responsibility and de minimi s settle-
ments these two new areas will use NEIC's unique information retrieval systems
and technical analysis skills to assess the character of hazardous wastes involved
in the allocation process and to support complex settlements involving de minimis
parties.
Section 106 and 107 Judicial Actions - NEIC will continue to provide analytical
expertise in developing judicial cases and supporting their complex expert testimony:
needs through to completion. Increased evidence audit support will be needed to
assure-the accuracy of records relating to particular sites, as the number of actions
being prepared for litigation for remedy or cost recovery Increases.
Criminal Referrals under Section 103 and negotiation for cleanup at Federal
facility sites will see expanded activity as a result of the significant increase
in criminal enforcement authorities and explicit emphasis on federal facilities in
the reauthorized statute.
SF-27
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This program will also continue to conduct field investigations in support of
case development, provide laboratory analysis including groundwater sample analy-
sis, provide technical testimony, negotiate technical aspects of key consent
decrees, ensure evidence audit quality control, and provide for the safe disposal
of hazardous waste material gathered during criminal investigations.
1987 Program .
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,280,200 supported by 39.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
As a result of reauthorization the technical support program at NEIC is
responding to a growing demand for services. This is due primarily to three factors:
growth in the size of the NPL which increases demand for the special environmental
monitoring work at which NEIC is expert, growth in levels of outputs in areas
which have historically reflected a substantial demand for NEIC resources, and the
introduction of several new areas of responsibility which NEIC is uniquely qualified
to handle. These include work related to nonbinding preliminary allocations of
responsibility, de tnlnimls settlements, and federal facility sites. In addition,
laboratory and technical support work due to changes in the criminal provisions of
the statute will see expanded activity. In 1987, NEIC is also providing support to
groundwater monitoring in cost recovery and cleanup actions. Evidence audit control
processes are being continued to ensure that proper chain-of-custody procedures are
followed.
In areas of special sensitivity, such as criminal case management or Federal
Facility enforcement, NEIC is able to provide high caliber staff expertise without
the risk of conflict of interest which might be inherent in the use of contractor
staff. The NEIC also protects the Agency's interests by continuing to audit contract
laboratories..
1986 Accomp'l 1 shments * " , ,
-In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,071,700 supported by 33.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
This program provided technical consultation and assistance in litigation
preparation by performing background reconnaissance and file review, field
investigations, Information retrieval and analysis, laboratory analysis, supple-
mental technical development, litigation procedures, technical testimony, and
negotiation of technical aspects of consent decrees. The NEIC assisted EPA :and
State laboratories on analytical procedures, disposal of hazardous laboratory
wastes, and preparation and handling of high hazard samples.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT :
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,114,300 supported by 653,0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This reflects an Increase of $19,896,800 and 70.0 total workyears to
expand efforts to secure RP response action at National Priorities List (NPL) and
other priority sites. This increase will also enable the Agency to initiate and
continue cost recovery in all cases where there is a financially viable party.
SF-28
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The program will aggressively use all administrative and judicial authorities
of CERCLA as amended. The program will use these authorities to achieve RP response
actions, recover Superfund expenditures, and penalize non-compliance with adminis-
trative and judicial orders. These authorities will also assist in preventing
environmental damage through response actions at non-NPL removal sites and invest-
igate incidents of reported non-compliance with reportable quantities (RQ) report-
ing requirements.
The program is planning RP searches at both NPL and non-NPL sites which
will seek out those responsible and determine their financial viability for con-
ducting activities to correct the actual or threatened release of hazardous sub-
stances. Based on the findings of the site investigation and information gathered
during the search, a position will be established for negotiating to achieve a
responsible party response. To achieve response for removal, RI/FS, design, and
construction actions, the program will be negotiating at some 426 sites. Addition-
ally, work is projected to start at Federal NPL facilities, and oversight will
continue at Federal facilities where work 1s ongoing. Where Fund-financed action
has proceeded, the program will pursue cost recovery actions. It is also antici-
pated that additional administrative cost recovery actions will be initiated.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $76,217,500 supported by 583.0 total work-
years, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation, to
secure RP response action at NPL and other priority sites.
To achieve response for removal, RI/FS, design, and construction actions, the
program will be negotiating at 298 sites. As a result, CERCLA Section 106 cases
will be referred, and RP work will begin for removals, RI/FS, and remedial actions.
Additionally, work will be started at Federal facilities. Where Fund-financed
action has proceeded, the program will pursue cost recovery actions. Additionally,
administrative cost recovery actions are anticipated.
1986 Accomplishments _.._
In 1986, the Agency obligated $40,753,300 and used 404.3 total workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program.
The negotiations conducted by the program resulted 1n 47 new RP removals and
50 RP RI/FS starts. Additionally, there have been 11 CERCLA Section 106 referrals
and 35 referrals for cost recovery. The value of cost recovery settlements has
increased $13,000,000 during 1986 bringing total settlements to $37,000,000.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT - .-
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,477,800 supported by 262.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,107,400 and 41.6 total workyears.
The increase will provide additional legal staff in the Regions to support enforce-
ment actions under the reauthorized statute. The emphasis of the reauthorized
statute on . negotiation with potentially responsible parties and on mandatory
schedules for dealing with sites on the National Priorities List will have a
significant impact on the nature and timing of legal enforcement involvement in
response to identification of hazardous waste sites. Coupled with substantial
statutory requirements for public participation and the Introduction of several
new enforcement remedies, these statutory mandates will result in an expansion in
Regional legal enforcement work.
SF-29
-------
Areas of new responsibility or strengthened emphasis include: Nonbinding
preliminary allocations of responsibility which will require active legal support,
particularly in the allocation phase, if they are to be useful in subsequent nego-
tiations; administrative records which must be able to withstand court scrutiny in
determinations regarding responsibility to conduct remedial action and/or respond
to cost recovery claims; de minlmis settlements which will require legal Involve-
ment to insure that they are appropriately handled with respect to subsequent
negotiations; consent decrees which are now required to codify successful comple-
tion of negotiations with responsible parties to undertake site response activi-
ties; use of administrative or civil judicial remedies for reportable quantity
violations which will result in Increased legal enforcement activity in an area
where formerly only criminal remedies were available; and emphasis on Federal
Facility compliance which will demand energetic legal enforcement participation in
the negotiation of implementable agreements.
Because of the preeminence of negotiation, legal enforcement resources will be
involved much earlier in the decisionmaking process than in the past. In addition,
the requirement for active state participation and renewed emphasis on public
participation will complicate all legal action. Legal enforcement resources will
also be responding to a projected steady growth in the National Priorities List.
Thus both the nature and volume of legal enforcement have become more resource-
intensive.
Headquarters staff will continue to develop policy and guidance for new issues
arising out of the implementation of the new statute. Headquarters will provide
support and at times take the lead in enforcement actions, particularly 1n case
development for Section 106 consent decrees and in such new areas as de minimis
settlements and administrative cost recovery. Staff work for Regional assistance
and review will be divided between administrative enforcement, development of new
referrals, and support of judicial cases already on the docket.
1987 Program - ,
IB 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of'$12,370,400 supported by 220.9
total workyears for .this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Legal work is continuing on. a number of major landmark CERCLA cases in
California, New York, Missouri, and Massachusetts. The importance of intense legal
involvement early in enforcement actions to achieve maximum environmental benefit"
is recognized by identification of intermediate steps in the enforcement process,
careful linking of outputs to CERCLA technical enforcement projections, and estima-
tion of the degree of legal input at each stage. The largest number of Regional
stiff in 1987 jire utilized in preliminary enforcement activity including negotia-
tion with principal .responsible parties and in administrative enforcement where
resolution of an action cm be completed in a shorter time and with a less labor
intensive effort while achieving significant deterrence in the regulated community,
Civil judicial referrals are used primarily against responsible parties who are
potentially liable for cleanup of very significant sites.
Headquarters support for judicial enforcement shows an upswing 1n some areas
as the agency establishes precedents with new types of enforcement activity such
as de minimis settlements, consent decrees codifying negotiations with responsible
parties to undertake site response activities, civil remedies for reportable quan-
tity violations, and nonbinding preliminary allocations of responsibility. Head-
quarters continues to provide active support to major ongoing litigation for both
remedial action and cost recovery. In addition, major policy areas providing
SF-30
-------
guidance on the new statute are planned in 1987 and beyond including de minimi's
settlements, Federal liens, innocent landowners, penalty issues under Sections 109
and 121, access and information gathering Issues under Section 104, the administra-
tive record, Community Right-to-Know issues; citizen suits, and small cost recov-
ery/ arbitration issues.
1986 Accomplishments _
In 1986, the Agency obligated $7,232,100 supported by 160.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation.
Regional legal enforcement resources were primarily focused on providing
support for ongoing cases and initiating 45 new CERCLA Section 106 and 107 cases.
A total of 139 administrative actions were also taken. In addition several major
cases were brought to closure including a multi-site case in Region 5, a multi-party
case in Region 10 which was extremely large with high visibility, at least one
case with precedent-setting settlement provisions, and several cases in which costs
were recovered. In addition to litigation activity. Headquarters staff initiated a
guidance document on alternative dispute resolution which will improve the negotia-
tion process in Superfund enforcement actions, and a task force was begun in con-
junction with the Department of Justice with the goal of streamlining the civil
judicial enforcement process. The criminal program worked on 48 investigations
involving CERCLA violations in 1986,
HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCECRIMINALINVESTIGATIONS
1988 Program Request
Trie Agency requests a total of $1,467,900 supported by 17.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will.be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $671,100 and 4.8 total workyears
from 1987o The increase reflects the Agency's desire to balance enforcement tools
in creating and maintaining an effective deterrent presence using the criminal
sanctions provided by the reauthorized statute.
The reauthorization contains a number of significant provisions which will
improve the effectiveness of the Agency's criminal enforcement program. Existing
criminal sanctions (for failure to report releases of hazardous substances, for
destruction of records, and for submitting false information in a claim) have been
raised from misdemeanor to felony level, now punishable by a maximum of three
years-imprisonment. As a result, criminal enforcement activity under the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) will show a significant increase. -Major
Increases in the number of sites on the National Priorities List (NPL) will also
contribute to an increase in criminal caseloadparticularly in the area of de-
struction of records and submitting false information. Criminal cases are expected
to become increasingly complex as the deterrent value of the criminal program
Increases.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $796,800 supported by 12.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation*
SF-31
-------
With the Increase in severity of criminal sanctions the regulated community
is expected to become more aware of the penalties associated with destruction of
records or submission of false information. Referral and indictment activity is
expected to gradually increase. The tripling in size of the NPL alone will have a
substantial impact on the number of cases pursued beginning in 1987 and into 1988
and beyond.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986 this program was included under Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement.
SF-32
-------
SUFERFUM)
Title III - Enforcement
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REOUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
LO
OPTS - Enforcement -
Title III
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL?
hazardous Substance
Title III - Enforcement TOTAL
WRHANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - Enforcanent -
Title III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS - Enforcanent
Title III
TOTAL WORK YEARS
$310.0
$350.0
$350.0
$350.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
$350.0
$350.0
$350,0
$350 .0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
$580.7
$580.7
$580.7
$580.7
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
$230.7
$230.7
$230.7
$230.7
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Title III - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $580,700 supported by 11.0 total workyears for
1988, an increase of $230,700 and 4.0 total workyears from 1987. The entire request
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation.
ProgramDescri ption
SARATitle IIIEnforcement This program ensures compliance with Title III
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthartzation Act of 1986 (SARA). Regional staff
will provide assistance and training to the regulated industry, the States, and
local authorities to assist them in complying with Title III requirements. The
Regional Offices also inspect chemical facilities to develop enforcement actions
when violations ire detected.
SARA TITLE III ENFORCEMENT
1988 Program Request .
The Agency requests a total of $580,700 supported by 11.0 total workyears for
this program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This total
represents an increase of $230,700 and 4.0 total workyears. The increases primarily
reflects support for inspections and case development for emissions inventory and
Community R1ght-to-Know reporting.
The-Agency's ultimate goal is to delegate enforcement of reporting "requirements
to the States. It is likely, however, that such delegation will take several
years as States develop enabling legislation and appropriate compliance monitoring
programs. Until then, EPA will establish and maintain the Federal enforcement
program described herein.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $350,000 and 7.0 total workyears
to this program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
During 1987, with no portions of Title III enforceable, the Regional role is
limited to compliance assistance to the regulated community, the States, and local
authorities.
In 1987, Headquarters personnel develop draft and final enforcement response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies to accompany draft and final rules
developed by the Office of Toxic Substances.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated no resources to this program.
SF-34
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Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIROHMENTAL PROTECTIOK AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support ........ SF-36
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters.......... SF-42
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions..., SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters..... SF-43
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions.......... SF-44
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-45
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-45
Hazardous Substance Computer Services............................ SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters.. SF-46
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-47
Hazardous SubstancerOfflce of the Inspector General.,.,....,«»..»... SF-47
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation SF-48
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller ,...**.,...,, SF-49
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Support SF-50
Title III - Management & Support SF-51
External Affairs - Title III - Office of External Affairs SF-53
Administrative Management - Title III - Office of
Administration and Resources Management. SF-54
ADP Support - Title III - Office of Administration
and Resources Management t .' SF-54
SF-35
-------
SUPE RHINO
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIHATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM,
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
C/i
-n
l
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$3S168.3
$3,168.3
$917.4
$917.4
TOTAL
$3 B878.S
$3,878.5
$777.9
$777.9
$11,865.1
$11,865.1
$13,250.0 $13,250.0 $15855500
$13,250.0 $13,250.0 $15,555.0 $2,305.0
$6,263.8 $6,263.8 $6,443.4 $179.6
$6,263.8 $6,263.8 $6,443.4 $179.6
$12,718.2 $12,718.2 $15,905.0 $3,186.8
$12,718,2 $12,718.2 $15,905.0 $3,186.8
$2,664.5 $2,664.5 $2,785.2 $120.7
$2,664.5 $2,664.5 $2,785.2 $120.7
$18,641.6 $18,641.6 $25,428.8 $6,787.2
$18,641.6 $18,641.6 $25,428.8 $6,787.2
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
I/!
T|
e
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIHATE
1987
EHACTED
1987
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1988 'DECREASE -
1987 1988 VS 1987
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL
$4,770.1
$4,770.1
$1,932.7
$1,932.7
$252.7
$252.7
$517.4
$517.4
$2S266,1
$2,266.1
$156.4
$156,4
$8,925.0
$8,925.0
$3,700.0
$3,700.0
$632.2
$632.2
$8,925.0
$8,925.0
$3,700.0
$3,700.0
$632.2
$632,2
$9,925.0
$9,925.0
$1,000.0
$1,000.0
$4,700.0 $1,000.0
$4,700.0 $1,000.0
$666.0
$666.0
$33.8
$33.8
$1,241.6 $1,241.6 $1,309.4 $67.8
$1,241.6 $1,241.6 $1,309.4 $67.8
$5,435.1 $5,435.1 $6,896,1 $1,461.0
$5,435.1 $5,435.1 $6,896.1 $1,461.0
$3,640.0 $3,640.0 Ii,lt3.5 $473.5
$3,640.0 $3,640.0 $4,113.5 $473.5
-------
to
00
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
19R8
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$216,7
$216,7
Management and Support TOTAL
$106.7
$106.7
$30,826.0
$30,826.0
$844.0
$844,0
$844.0 $1,144.0
$844.0 $1,144.0
$300.0
$300.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$78,206.0 $78,206.0 $95,121.4 $16,915.4
$78,206.0 $78,206.0 $95,121.4 $16S915.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
financial Management
Regl ons
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
20.5
26.2
64.5
56.3
88.5
56.3
88.5
57.0
96.0
.7
7.5
124.1 124.1 157.6 33.5
-------
its
to
Office of the
Comptroller
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
SllPERRINO
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUOfiET ENACTED CURRENT
198S ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 . 1987
REQUEST INCREASE -f
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 19B7
Hazardous Substance
Adml n1 stratlve
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
legal Services -
Peglons
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
Peneral
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
(DOLLARS
23.4
4.4
12.5
32.9
2.3
4.7
in THOUSANDS)
56.2 56.2 63.8
9.0 9.0 9.0
18,8 18.8 25.9
51.5 51.5 52.8
8.4 8,4 12.8
8.2 8.2 9.9
7.6
7.1
1.3
4.4
1.7
191.4
421.0 421.0 484.8 63.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
20.9
57.0
57.0
57.0
-------
n
I
o
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDfiET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE *
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Hazardous Substance
financial Management
Peglons
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
/>dnrt*n1strat1vt
Fanagement - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regl ons .
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy.
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
ft*- * t ir- * i
(DOLLARS
30.2
67.9
25,9
4.5
14.9
34.7
3.3
5.0
IN THOUSANDS)
96,0 96.0 96.0
137.6 137,6 157.6 20.0
63.8 63.8 63.8
9.0 9.0 9.0
25.9 25,§ 25.9
52.8 52,8 52.8
12.8 12.8 12.8
9.9 9.9 9.9
Office of the
Comptroller
TOTAL WORK YEARS
207.3
464.8 464,8 484.8 20,0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,121,400 supported by 484.8 total workyears
for 1988, an increase of $16,915,400 and 20.0 total workyears from 1987. All of the
request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These in-
creases reflect the additional management and support required for the operation
of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program.
Program Description
This function provides the full array of financial, administrative, manage-
ment analysis and support services necessary to manage and implement the Superfund
program.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters and Regions This.
componeW contains two program elements whichi maintainfinancial records» track
and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund, and provide
site-specific cost documentation for cost recovery cases.
Hazardous Substance Admini strati ve Management - Headquarters and Regions --
These programelementsprovideresources to fund theSuperfundadmlhistrative
services necessary to award and administer contracts, process personnel actions,
provide central management and technical support for Superfund information systems,
acquire and maintain Superfund office and laboratory services, provide technical
assistance and training for the Superfund program staff to assure the safety of
those employees, and manage Superfund property inventories.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters and Regions Thi s
component contains two program elements which cover the costs of space, uti1ities»
printing, equipment, and other nonpersonnel support needs that are allocable to
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Hazardous; JSubstanCe Computer Services This program element funds the data
processing (timesharing) costs of" operating and maintaining all Superfund infor-
mation systems.
Hazardous Substance Legal Services -_Headquarters and Regions These program
"elements fund the activities of the Office of the General Counsel (OGC) and the"
Offices of the Regional Counsels under Superfund. These activities include statu-
tory interpretations of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA),
and the issuance of opinions and advice regarding the use of the Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund and other financial, administrative, or legal issues.
In addition, OGC acts as the Agency's chief counsel in defending regulatory and
other Agency decisions regarding the implementation of SARA. The Offices of the
Regional Counsels advise and assist the Regions and States in interpreting the
Act and represent the Regions in defensive litigation activities.
Hazardous^Substance - Office of the Inspector General This program element
provides appropriate audlting of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund, as
'well as pre-award, interim, and final audits of contracts awarded under the
Superfund program, and audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation This pro-
gram ^eT0i5elit~~pTbTrd^s~~p^TTc^r~an^Ty^Ts^r^^ assessment,
and technical support and analysis under the Superfund program.
SF-41
-------
H|zai*dousSubstance - Office of the Comptroller This program element funds_
resource anaiysTsand budget ing under "Sii perfuncf.These activities Include budget
development and oversight, response to OMB and Congressional inquiries, analysis
Of program operating plans, issuance of allowances, and resource analyses on
critical issues pertaining to the utilization of Superfund monies,
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Beveljpjgmgnt,._- Lab Support This
program element"""provides""'the''es'sential"'nabiirMdry^"sTJppo1rr'v^e1rWces required to
operate and maintain the Office of Research and Development's Superfund research
program in three remote laboratories across the country. These support services
include facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations,
rental costs, and other nonpersonnel laboratory support needs that are allocable
to the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1988 Program Request _
The Agency requests a total of $15,555,000 supported by 57.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This, represents an increase of $2,305,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. This will provide for the purchase and installation of an
automated nationwide document storage and retrieval system. The system will
allow us to automate collection and retrieval of documents for the site-specific
cost documentation files to provide accurate, complete and timely documenta-
tion of costs for cost recovery litigation actions against responsible parties.
The program will continue to provide the level of Headquarters financial
management support necessary to ensure the integrity of Superfund site-specific
cost accounting data. This encompasses the review and reconciliation of Head-
quarters site-specific documents as they are being processed to assure that the
Information is accurate. It also includes monitoring of Headquarters costs
charged to site-specific accounts by EPA employees, other Federal agencies, State
and local governments, and commercial entities »to ensure that amounts are within
budget,. The program will also calculate and apply Indirect cost rates to assure
that full Agency costs are charged to sites and claimed in cost recovery actions.
In addition, the program will provide for basic financial services including pay-
roll support, invoice and voucher processing, reports preparation, and funds con-
trol for Headquarters.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,250,000 supported by 57.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resqurces provide for the establishment of current
cost documentation- files in Headquarters so that costs claimed in cost recovery
litigation can be supported immediately. This is particularly Important In
bankruptcy cases where time is of the essence. In the past, an extensive manual
file search has been necessary to gather documents that support costs being
claimed. This program also provides for a pilot study and test implementation -of
an automated document storage and retrieval system. In addition, these resources
provide for an enhanced level of review and reconciliation to insure the integrity
of Headquarters charges posted against site-specific accounts in the Financial
Management System as well as providing for basic financial services to an expanding
Superfund program.
SF-42
-------
1986 Accotnpl i shments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,168,300 supported by 20.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources provided for limited site-specific accounting
support and allowed for preparation of cost recovery documentation after a case
entered the negotiation or litigation phase. Also provided were basic financial
services for the Superfund program such as payroll and invoice processing.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,443,400 supported by 96.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $179,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. This will provide for the collection and verification of
Regional cost documentation and the reconciliation of these documents with the
financial Management System on a current basis. This will be done by establishing
a cost documentation file in each Region as costs are incurred rather than gather-
ing documentation at a later date. This will allow us to respond immediately with
documentation for bankruptcy cases where time is of the essence as well as assure
that all documents needed for protracted negotiation or litigation are available
when requested. Resources will also provide for the review of State accounting
systems and for support to assure that State systems adequately document expendi-
tures of Federal assistance so that they too can be recovered from responsible
parties. Also included are resources necessary to provide basic financial services
to the Regional Superfund program for payroll and voucher processing, funds control
and reporting for management and program purposes.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,263,800 supported by 96.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced Regional Superfund
financial activities described above.
1986 Accompli shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $917,400 supported by 30.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management offices
provided limited site-specific accounting support and gathered Regional cost docu-
mentation as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation or
litigation phases. Also provided were basic financial services for the Regional
Superfund program such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,905,000 supported by 157.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $3,186,800 and 20.0 total workyears.
Workyear increases will enable us to effectively award, administer, and manage
rapidly increasing numbers of Superfund contracts, as well as assure quality con-
trol over contracts with increasingly high obligation amounts. Increased extra-
mural funds will provide support for continued development of automated information
SF-43
-------
systems required by the amended Superfund legislation. These resources Mill also
provide centralized administrative services for Superfund activities such as:
awarding and monitoring contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements;
managing automated systems; developing health and safety training courses; imple- \
menting specialized medical monitoring programs; providing recruitment, staffing, 1
and classification activities; and providing sufficient facilities management to
support the overall Superfund program.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,718,200 supported by 137.6
total workyears for- this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation, these resources enable the program to provide centralized
administrative and management services for Superfund activities. In 1987, special
emphasis will be on awarding and managing increasing numbers of contracts, grants,
and interagency agreements. Another priority is to recruit properly qualified
personnel and to provide for the specialized training needs of Superfund employees.
Significant investment is also being placed in revising or developing Information
systems required by the amended Superfund legislation, including systems to
track hazardous substance releases at Federal facilities.
1986 Accompl 1 shments ._
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $3,878,500 supported by 67,9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to award and administer the
large mission contracts required to carry out emergency and remedial response
activities and provided central technical support for developing, operating,
and maintaining all automated Superfund information systems. The Agency also
implemented and refined health and safety standards and procedures, and maintained
and supported the Agency personnel requirements of the Superfund program staff.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS . ._... .._
1988 Program Request ;
The Agency requests a total of $2,785,200 supported by 63.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $120S700 and no change in total
workyears from 1987, Regional administrative management activities will Include:
continuing recruitment of personnel to work in the Superfund program, assuring a
reliable health and safety program, providing adequate ADP technical assistance
to support the site-specific recordkeeping requirements of the Superfund program
and Improved information systems for EPA and State operations, and ensuring that
small purchase -and contract and procurement management maintains a level of
accountability commensurate with rapid program growth.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,664,500 supported by 63.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund administrative
support services for contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety,
facilities, and information management activities. The program is placing special
emphasis on efforts to recruit qualified personnel and to provide for the specialized
training needs of Superfund employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the
area of Information resources management to efficiently respond to increasing
program demands for staff support.
SF-44
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1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $777,900 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of administrative
management services to the Regional Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,428,800 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an
increase of $6,787,200 from 1987. The increase reflects the additional management
and support required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response
program. These resources will fund the Superfund program's share of Headquarters
and Agencywide costs. These costs will include: facilities rental, Federal Tele-
communications System, utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
postage, other building and office services and health and safety training.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,641,600 for this program,,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
is funding the same costs that will be supported in 1988.
1986Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $11,865,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
funded the same costs that will be supported in 1988.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORTSERVICES - REGIONS
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,925,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase
of $1,000,000 from 1987. The increase reflects the additional management and
support required for- the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response
program. These resources will cover utilities, local telephone service, printing
and copying, minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support
services related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1987 Program ._
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,925,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program is
funding the same services that will be supported in 1988.
1986 Accompli shments -_
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $4,770,100 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
funded the same services that will be supported in 1988.
SF-45
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES _^
1988 Program Request . __
The Agency requests a total of $4,700,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an in-
crease of $1,000,000 from 1987. The increase reflects the additional management
and support required for an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. These
resources will provide centralized computing services to the Superfund program by
the Agency's National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
The funds will provide for a portion of the Center's costs for equipment, tele-
communications, software leases and maintenance and facility operations. These
resources represent the estimated costs attributable to the Hazardous Substance
Response program data systems and users of these systems in Headquarters and
Regional offices.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $3,700,000 for this program, all of which is
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount reflects an
increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response program data bases,
offset somewhat by decreased computing costs for software development associated
with these data bases.
1986 Accomplishments _
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $1,932,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1988 Program Request ,. .._
In 1988, the Agency requests a total of $666,000 supported by 9*0 total work
years for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $33,800 and no change in workyears
from 1987. The increase reflects Increased operating costs. The Office of General
Counsel will provide advice and assistance to Agency Superfund managers. This will
Include consultation on financial and administrative matters, legal support for
the development and defense of regulations and disbursement decisions, legal guid-
ance on the statutory interpretation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and legal support to the development of
response actions.
1987 Program
In 1987, the -Agency is allocating a total .of $632,200 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of General Counsel fs providing advice and consultation
on financial and administrative matters such as eligible uses of the Fund; legal
guidance on program matters such as Interpretation of the statute, development of
regulations, and changes to the National Contingency Plan; and defense of the
Agency in any litigation brought against CERCLA.
SF-46
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1986 Accompl i shments ,_
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $252.700 supported by 4.5 total work-
years for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of General Counsel provided legal guidance in program
matters such as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities,
review of proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where litigation
had been brought against CERCLA,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTAKCES LEGAL SERVICES - REGIONS
1988 Program Request
In 1988, the Agency requests a total of $1,309,400 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $67,800 and no change
in total workyears from 1987. The increase reflects increased operating costs.
The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in Regional
defensive litigation concerning Superfund. In addition, the Offices of Regional
Counsel will provide legal assistance by reviewing EPA Cooperative Agreements with
States for legal sufficiency; advising State agencies regarding the legal require-
ments of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA); responding to challenges to enforcement activities; determining eligible
uses of the Fund; and advising on Federal procurement and treatment of confidential
information.
1987 Program .
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,241,600 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Offices of Regional. Counsel handle Superfund related defensive
litigation and conduct such activities as reviewing EPA Cooperative Agreements
with States for legal sufficiency, assisting State agencies regarding the legal
requirements of CERCLA, and responding to legal challenges to Agency actions.
1986 Accotnp 1 j s hments ...
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $517,400 supported by 14.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. .The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and state agencies
with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the implementation of
CERCLA, Principal activities of the Offices of Regional Counsel included the
conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of Cooperative Agreements with States
for site cleanup, and general legal support to the Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,896,100 supported by 52.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,461,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. These resources .will enable the Office of Inspector General
SF-47
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to continue Its efforts to comply with new statutory requirements 1n the Superfund
reauthorlzatlon. It will further expand Its program of external audits performed
by public accounting firms and other Government audit agencies and continue
to operate an Internal audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will continue to Investigate referrals
of suspected criminal activity with high potential for criminal prosecution.
Investigative resources will enable the Office of Inspector general to identify
and eliminate situations which create the opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,435,100 supported by 52.8
total workyears for this program, ill of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Inspector General
to begin meeting the new statutory requirements in the Superfund reauthorlzatlon.
These new requirements must be performed annually and Include (1) auditing
payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses of the funds; (2) examining a
sample of agreements with States carrying out response actions; (3) examining
remedial Investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the Administrator's
status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5) reviewing the
Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for EPA to complete
the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. It will expand Its program
of external audits performed by public accounting firms and other Government audit
agencies and operate an internal audit program to examine the economy, efficiency,
and effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will investigate referrals of
suspected criminal activity with high potential for criminal prosecution.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $2,266,100 supported by 34.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. During 1986, the Office of Inspector General Issued 63 audit
reports on the Fund. Internal audits focused on procuring removal action Con-
tractors, obtaining cost recoveries from responsible parties, Regional monitoring
of cooperative agreements with States, and accounting for EPA staff time devoted
to Superfund. Superfund audits questioned and set aside $39 million of the
approximately $1.2 billion audited. Investigative efforts resulted 1n a major
conviction of a Superfund contractor and three of Its owners/officers for conspiring
to defraud the Government by submitting false claims.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1988 Program Request ,.
The Agency requests a total of $4,113,500 supported by 12.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $473,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. The increase will ensure control of the increasing inform-
ation requirements of the Superfund program, compliance with the amended Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA), and expand statistical efforts to actual implementation of
pilot site data collection and analyses activities.
The Office of Policy Analysis £QPA) will continue to identify and analyze major
policy and regulatory issues associated with implementation of the Superfund
program. It will promote "cost-effectiveness" as an Important criterion 1n
selection of Superfund remedies; greater use of multi-media risk assessment meth-
ods for setting priorities and making cleanup decisions; and risk communication.
and citizen participation. The Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR) will
SF-48
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continue administering EPA's internal review and analysis process and ensuring
compliance with Executive Orders and legislated requirements. Its PRA activities
will increase, in terms of both the amount of information involved and the number
and complexity of information issues. Its statistical activities will focus on
Superfund enforcement and implementation of statistically valid Data Quality
Objectives. And, reform initiatives will shift from identification and pre-
liminary design to Implementation or demonstrations. Lastly, the Office of
Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) will continue management accountability
and tracking systems (SPMS and ATS) operation, indicators development, management
reviews, and projects assessing local need for health effects information and
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) versus fund-financed actions. It also
will evaluate effective technology transfer options and technical assistance needs.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,640,000 supported by 12.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
To deal effectively with numerous new regulations, policies, and guidance docu-
ments as well as revisions of existing ones required by reauthorizatlon, the offices
are increasing their participation 1n this program. OPA is playing a major role in:
revising the Hazard Ranking System (HRS); improving risk commurilcation and local cit-
izen acceptance of proposed remedies; and determining the Superfund role in cleanup
of area-wide groundwater contamination. OSR is ensuring compliance of regulatory
and policy documents with the Executive Orders and legislated requirements; par-
ticipating 1n developing Information collection components of Superfund and rules;
and assisting programs with survey design to assure cost-effective collection
of appropriate and high quality data and PRA compliance. At selected sites, OSR
is pilot-testing statistical field protocols for sampling hazardous wastes focusing
on groundwater contamination and pollutant dispersion, and developing statistical
guidance addressing problems of pollution concentrations below detection levels in
monitoring data analysis. It also is applying Incentive-based approaches to
Superfund. OMSE is focusing on improving program performance; developing ground-
water indicators around sites, as well as an ecological indicator; evaluating
PRP oversight; and assessing local need for health effects Information. It
also 1s leading a workgroup to formulate consistent standards for lead in all
media and assisting Region I in designing a lead-in-soil's demonstration program.
1986 J\ccompl i shments _
In 1986-, the Agency obligated a total of $156,400 supported by 3.3 total work-
years for ;th1s rprogram, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
OPA conducted selected analyses of the economic impacts, feasibility,
practicality, and -effectiveness of Superfund regulations, policies, and guidance
(e.g., HRS revision), OSR managed the regulatory and policy review processes;
and provided information policy oversight, PRA compliance, and statistical support
(eig., groundwater monitoring alternatives at National Priority List Sites),
And, OMSE operated the ATS and SPMS and analyzed specific issues (e.g., PRP
oversight).
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE CONTROLLER _ ._..
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,144,000 supported by 9,9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
SF-49
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appropriation, This represents an increase of $300,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1987. These increases reflect the additional management and
support required for an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. The pro-
gram will provide additional financial oversight and tracking of a higher level of
program activities resulting from reauthorization. These resources will support:
the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) and Congress; response to Congressional inquiries; analysis and review
of major issues concerning workload and pricing models; and analysis of ongoing
resource issues related to the operation and management of the Trust Fund.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $344,000 and 9.9 total work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources support the ongoing budget activities described
above.
1986 Accompl 1 shment s
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $216,700 and 5.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the Superfund Contingency
Plan and the OMB and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional
inquiries, and provided fund oversight activities including ongoing resource
reviews for the Superfund program. In addition, the program prepared the original
analysis of resource requirements for reauthorization, and conducted in-house
studies on site-specific charging.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - LAB SUPPORT
The Agency requests a total of $250,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents no Increase
in funds. These resources will provide essential support services for remote
Office of Research and Development (ORD) laboratories which perform research
in the hazardous substances area. These resources will adequately fund such Items
as facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations, rental
costs, and other nonpersonnel support costs that are essential for the operation
and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories in support of Superfund research.
1987 Program ____
In 1987, the Agency Is allocating a total of $250,000 for this program, all
of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
provide for the essential services as described above, which are required to operate
and maintain ORD's remote laboratories in support of Superfund research.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, the Agency obligated a total of $106,700 for this program, all of
which was 'from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This funding
provided the essential ORD laboratory support services associated with the Super-
fund research program.
SF-50
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PPOGRAH
SUPERFUND
Title III - Management and Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIHATE
1987
ENACTED
1987-
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
External Affairs -
Title III -OEA
Hazardous Substance
Adnri n Management -
Title III -.OARM
Hazardous Substance
W)P Support -
Title III - OARM
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL;
Hazardous Substance
Title III -
Management
and Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$192.0
$192.0
$337i8
$337.8
$192.0
$192.0
$337.8
$337.8
$1,175.0 $1,175.0
$1,175.0 $1,175.0
$202.5
$202.5
$10.5
$10.5
$645.3 $307.5
$645.3 $307.5
$825.0 -$350.0
$825.0 -$350.0
$18704.8 $1,704.8 $1,672.8 -$32.0
$19704.8 $1,704.8 $1,672.8 -$32.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
External Affairs -
Title III - OEA
3.0
3.0
3.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Title III - Hanageront and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1986 ESTIHATE 1987 ESTIMATE
1987 1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
Admin Management -
Title III - OARH
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
2.7 2.7 2.7
5.7 5.7 5.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
0
Ul
External Affairs *
Title III -OEA
Admin Management -
Title III - OARH
TOTAL HQRKYEARS
3.0
2.7
5.7
3.0
2.7
5,7
3«0
2.7
5,7
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SUPERFUND
Title III - Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,672,800, supported by 5.7 total workyears
for FY 1988, a decrease of $32,000 and no change in workyears from 1987. All of
the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Program Description ..........
External Affairs -: Title |II ^^JJfJMce^jif^^^^ This component
pro v i des as si stance in addressi "Kg "new community and state i n voTvement .
Administrative Management Title III - Office of Administration and ________ , ..,
-jte^ojiirgey^^aggijeW'''-'-^'^ component will provide administrative services that ___________
support the Title III program, with emphasis on information management requirements.
ADP Support - T1. tie II I .t- Of f leg . of , Admlnt.s.tr^feljg;^ jpd . ,Resour.ce§;; J[apftgejiie.n|b.,
ThTs cbm|>oTientnpf ovi cie systems devel opment and operation ser vi ces f or the tit 1 e
III program.
EXTERNAL AFFAIRS - TITLE III - OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS (PEA) . _
1988 Program Request . ..... , .
The Agency requests a total of $202,500 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this office, all of which will be for .the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1987.
OEA will continue to develop and use new communication vehicles to exchange
information on Title III emergency planning, chemical release information, and
enforcement activity. The Office will also continue to work closely with the
Regions, newly-established State commissions, local emergency planning districts,
and other citizen groups to avoid public misunderstanding and delays in planning
and reporting activity.
1987 Program __________
In 1987, tfte Agency is allocating $192,000 and 3.0 total workyears for this
office, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. In
1987, OEA will play a crucial role in exchanging information with local health
professionals, public safety officials, local government and state government
officials,
1986 Accomplishments
No resources were obligated for this program in'1986.
SF-53
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ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - TITLE III - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES
TONWZTCNT
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $645,300 supported by 2.7 workyears for this
program, all of which will be from the Hazardous Substance Super fund appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $307,500 and no change in workyears from 1987. The
activities planned for the fiscal year reflect the transition of the program from
its Implementation phases to full operation in some areas such as the toxic
emissions Inventory,
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $337,800, supported by 2.7
workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This funding provides for the initial implementation of information
systems to support this new program. This requires the analysis of requirements,
investment In new or enhanced computer systems, and the start of new applications.
The character of the data in this activity is multi-media; therefore, this program
will stress that cross program data and systems be Integrated to the maximum
feasible extent, in order to make cost effective use of existing capabilities
and to be broadly useful to the Agency. Specifically, work will be done to handle
information under Sections 302, 311/312, and 313, as well as Section 322.
1986 Accomplishments
No resources were obligated for this program in 1986.
APR SUPPORT - TITLE III - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION 'AM) RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
19 8§=_ JPrjogram_: Rejues t . - ______
The Agency requests a total of $825,000 for this program in 1988. This
represents a decrease of $350,000 and no change 1n workyears from 1987, all of
which will be from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This decrease
reflects the transition from Implementing a new computing capability to the opera-
tions phase for this program and will provide for continuing operation of the
computing utility established during FY 1987.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,175,000 for this program, all
of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount
reflects our plan to develop and begin operation of the toxic emissions Inventory.
The emissions inventory provides that EPA receive and process an estimated 130,000
reports from regulated facilities on emissions, of designated toxic substances to
air, water and land, 'and waste streams. It provides for the computing utility
that will be required to process this Information, Including data entry, processing
and database development.
No resources were obligated for this program in 1986.
SF-54
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Hazardous
Substance
Response Actions
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ASENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response SF-56
Hazardous Spill & Site Response... .. SF-57
Hazardous Substance Response - Support................. SF-60
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water SF-62
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation. SF-63
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency. SF-65
Department of Health & Human Services. ........*.....* SF-68
United States Coast Guard SF-69
Department of Justice......*.... SF-69
Federal Emergency Management Agency... SF-70
National Oceanographic S Atmospheric Administration...........-*.. SF-70
Department of Interior................... SF-71
Occupational Safety & Health Administration....... SF-71
Title III - Response... , SF-73
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-Know........ SF-75
Title III - Office of Pesticides a Toxic Substances. SF-76
Title III - Federal Emergency Management Agency
Emergency Tra1 nlng SF-77
SF-55
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o*
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL BUDCET ENACTH) CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
198? 1987 ; 1988 VS 1987
(HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill 4 Site
Response
Hazardous Substance $292,651.5
TOTAL $292,651.5
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
$292,651,5
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $292,651.5
Response
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
$1,113,127.7 4824,936.3 $807,505.1 -$17,431.2
$1,113,127.7 $824,936.3 $807,505.1 -$17,431.2
$1,113,127.7 $824,936.3 $807,505.1 -$17,431.2
$1,113,127.7 $824,936.3 $807,505.1 -$17,431.2
Hazardous Spill i Site
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
712.8
712.8
825.6 825.6 1,042.1 216.5
825.6 825.6 1,042.1 216.5
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill I Site
Response
TOTAL WORK YEARS
780.3
780.3
899.5 899.5 1,042.1 142.6
899.5 899.5 1,042.1 142.6
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
Budget Request
The Agency requests $807,505,100 In new authority supported by 1,042.1 total
workyears In 1988 for this program, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. In addition to the new authority, $378,600,000 in prior
year funds will provide the Agency with a total of $1,186,105,100 an Increase of
$361,168,800 and 142.6 total workyears from 1987. The Increase reflects an acceler-
ation of the Superfund program and an Increase In the number of sites where remedial
design and construction activities will be undertaken.
Program Description
This program -is responsible for protecting public health and the environment
from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous substances Into the environ-
ment by providing the necessary funding and support to undertake short-term emer-
gency responses and long-term site cleanup. The activities Include responding to
spills and emergency releases of hazardous substances and conducting remedial work
at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Hazardous Spill and Site Response The Agency coordinates an emergency re-.
sponse program to dealwith the most serious hazardous substance spills and site
emergencies where the responsible party or State and local governments are unable
to respond adequately. The Agency also conducts a comprehensive program to evaluate
all known hazardous waste sites, establishes priorities for remedial response, and
undertakes the appropriate remedy at as many sites as possible when responsible
parties are unwilling or unable to respond. The Headquarters portion of the program
establishes the policy framework, coordinates the setting of priorities, allocates
resources', and provides implementation guidance. The Regions have the lead respon-
sibility for conducting all the preliminary field work to identify site problems
and for managing the response work.
HAZARDOUS SPILL AND SITE RESPONSE
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests $807,505,100 supported by 1,042.1 total workyears for the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. In addition to the new authority,
$378,600,000 in prior year funds will provide the Agency with a total of
$18186,10S,100 an Increase of $361,168,800 and 142.6 total workyears from 1987.
This level reflects the Agency's commitment to implement the new provisions and
mandatory schedules: 1n SARA. This request will continue the aggressive emergency
removal program in stabilizing sites where significant and immediate threats exist
and use of expanded - removal authorities at remedial sites for expedited response
activity. This request will also support the remedial program 1n initiating plan-
ning work at additional sites on the National Priorities list (NPL), completing
on-going remedial planning activities at sites on the NPL, and proceeding with
cleanups at sites where planning is completed.
Removal: The Agency expects to receive and screen 8,000 hazardous substance
release"no£Tf1cations to determine what, if any, response is required. In the
majority of cases, the responsible party or State or local government will take
the lead in addressing the problem. In situations where more than one State is
involved or where there Is an unusually complex problem, the Federal government
SF-57
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will coordinate and fund the response. EPA and the Coast Guard trill continue to
maintain an emergency response capability, Including EPA's Environmental Response
Team (ERT), comprised of Agency employees with special engineering and scientific
expertise. This Improves the Agency's ability to provide timely engineering and
scientific advice to Federal, State, and local officials during hazardous substance
response actions, resulting 1n reliable and cost-effective solutions to real and
potential environmental threats.
The Agency will continue to use the expanded removal authorities for emergency
actions., The removal program will stabilize NPL sites where significant threats
exist while additional long-term response is being considered. These efforts
enable the Agency to take immediate action to protect public health and the environ-
ment' without waiting for the completion of long-term analysis of the site or the
results of more detailed site assessments. In addition to responding to emergencies,
removals will be taken where an Immediate response 1s not critical, but some early
response is necessary to protect public health or the environment. The expanded
removal authorities ars expected to provide more extensive cleanups. The removals
will be consistent with future remedial actions at those sites where additional
cleanup measures will be required. The program will undertake 200 removals in
1988.
Remedial; Remedial response Is difficult and time consuming. Work at a
site, from the initiation of the remedial investigation/feasibility study through
design to the completion of implementation, often takes years. Many factors,
including the preference for permanent remedy, alternative treatment technologies,
and disposal considerations, coupled with the cooperation of the responsible
parties, availability of State resources, and changes in field conditions, Influence
the program's progress. To ensure that sites are addressed as quickly as possible,
each Region, in cooperation with the States, Is developing a site plan through
the integrated Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan (SCAP) for each site
on the NPL. These plans enable the Agency to coordinate all proposed response and
enforcement actions at a given site and to monitor progress in addressing the site.
The Agency is committed to ensuring that the site remedies are technically
sound and cost-effective and consider the needs for the local community. Detailed
studies will be undertaken to characterize" the problem, collect and analyze the
data necessary to determine the potential range of solutions, and evaluate and
select the most cost-effective course of action. In 1988, the Agency plans to
implement site planning work at 90 sites for eventual Fund-financed cleanup.
Responsible parties and other Federal agencies are expected to start planning
activities at an additional 87 sites.
Once the remedial Investigation/ feasibility study is completed, the final
remedial solution is selected, the detailed engineering design for the proposed
action is developed, and the actual implementation of the solution 1s carried
out by contractors under the direction of the Army Corps of Engineers or the States,
where they have elected to take the lead. The Agency anticipates that 60 remedial
designs and 50 constructions will be funded by the program. Responsible parties
and other Federal agencies are expected to initiate an additional 51 designs and
31 constructions in 1988.
StateParti c1 pat ion; The Agency will encourage as many States as possible to
participate ^n bn^-going response actions. The Agency expects that States w11T
enter into cooperative agreements for approximately $338 million for site response
actions. The Agency will continue to encourage States to assume greater responsi-
bility for development and operation of their own response programs. This will
include: providing advice and guidance on organizing response capability; reviewing
and suggesting improvements in technical resources and staffi providing technical
assistance; identifying technical, health, and safety training needs; and assisting
in determining possible financial mechanisms that States can adopt to support
their current and future activities.
SF-58
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Interagency Support: Resources to support incident-specific activities of,
other agencies will be provided under this program. Examples of incident specific
activities that may be performed by other agencies include permanent relocation
of individuals at NPL sites by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the
U.S. Coast Guard response to hazardous spill Incidents occurring in coastal waters.
1987_Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $824,936,300 and 899.1 total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The majority of
work will be geared toward implementing SARA provisions and regaining program
momentum. The Agency will be initiating new remedial investigation/feasibility
studies* continuing to work on sites where action has been initiated, and responding
to those emergencies where a Federal response 1s required. The Agency will be
emphasizing management of major contractual obligations and improvements in
information systems.
The Agency will direct the response at major hazardous substance releases and
provide on-scene monitoring and oversight at releases of hazardous substances. In
addition, the regulatory and guidance framework will be completed for the removal
program, including use of revised removal authorities and promulgation of final
regulations on CERCLA notification, reportable quantities, and the designation of
additional hazardous substances. The program will undertake 200 removals in 1987.
The Agency will focus its remedial efforts on initiating remedial investiga-
tion/feasibility studies (RI/FS) at sites on the NPL and beginning design and
implementation at sites where planning has been completed, Consideratlng and
incorporating new SARA mandates, where appropriate, will cause some delays in
completing RI/FSs. The Agency will implement site planning at 90 sites for even-
tual Fund-financed cleanup. Sixty-five designs and 32 constructions will be
funded by the program.
As in 1988, site specific work requested by on-scene personnel and -undertaken
by other federal agencies will be funded under reimbursable agreements.
1986 Accomplishments ..
In 1986, while operating under the Superfund Contingency Plan, the Agency
obligated a total of $292,651,500 and 780.3 total workyears from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program. Accomplishments
included the processing of 5,846 notifications of releases of hazardous substances;
directing 149 removal actions at major hazardous incidents, including 41 removal
actions at NPL sites; on-scene monitoring of 813 removals of hazardous substances
carried out by the -responsible parties or State and local authorities; conducting
4,262 preliminary assessments of sites and 1,267 site inspections; and initiating
13 Enforcement-lead remedial investigations/feasibility studies, 24 engineering
designs, and 12 remedial actions.
SF-59
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SUPERFUNB
Hazardous Substance Response
Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIHATE
1987
REQIEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PP06RAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Rpsponse - OAR
Hazardous Substance
TDTALs
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$2,555.0 $2,555.0 $2,122.1 -$432.9
$2,555.0 $2,555.0 $2,122.1 -$432.9
$19662.8 $1,662.8 $1,963.4 $300.6
$1S662,« $1,662.8 $1,963.4 $300.6
$4,217.8 $4,217,8 $4,085,5 -$132,3
$4,217.8 $4,217.8 $4,085.5 -$132.3
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
24.0
18.0
24.0
18.0
24.0
18.0
TOTAL PERHANENT WORK YEARS
42.0
42.0
42.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 . 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 24.0 24.0 24.0
Response - OH
Hazardous Substance 18,0 18.0 18.0
Response - OAR
TOTAL WORKYEARS , 42.0 42.0 42.0
01
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,085,500 supported by 42.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropria-
tion,, This represents a decrease of $132,300 and no change in total workyears
from 1987, due to the efforts completed on the water issues related to Superfund
wastes.
Program Description
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water This program enables the
Office of Water to carry outspecific activities required by SARA. These activi-
ties Include: (1) assessing the type of treatment required for Superfund wastes
prior to discharge into publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs); (2) establishing
controls and/or conditions for Superfund sites likely to have a discharge to
POTWs or surface waters; (3) establishing protection of drinking water supplies;
and {4} establishing drinking water criteria and standards for Federal response
and enforcement actions.
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation This program
enables the Office of Air and Radiation to provide technical support for hazardous
waste site clean-up activities. This support Includes the use of air quality
models and the establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around sites,
where warranted,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER-
1988 Program Request .
The Agency requests $2»1Z2»10Q supported by 24.0 total workyears for 1988,
all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $432,900 due to efforts completed on the guidance for
Superfund wastes discharged into POTWs and no change in workyears.
During 1988, emphasis will be placed on completing the guidance on treatment
of Superfund wastes discharged into POTWs. Characterizing wastewater from Super-
fund sites, will continue from 1987 efforts. The Compatibility Analysis begun in
1987 will be updated.
Regional review of alternatives and/or coordination and development of dis-
charge controls will increase as clean-up activities are undertaken by EPA for an
expanded list of Superfund sites. Compliance evaluations will be required for
existing discharges to ensure Superfund wastewaters* compliance with imposed
discharge conditions. .>.
The Regions will review response actions to ensure "relevant and appropriate"
drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) are applied, the Regions
will participate in reviewing Remedial Investigations (Rl) and Feasibility Studies
.(FS), and in preparing Records of Decision (ROD) which document the final clean-up
actions of- contaminated water supplies, particularly the need to provide alternate
water supplies.
SF-62
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The Regions, together with the States, will evaluate the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and will provide oversight of drinking water regu-
lations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SBUA).
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,555,000 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program. The entire amount is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1987, EPA is initiating limited activities to collect and analyze technical
information on the character and treatability of wastewaters from Superfund sites.
EPA will provide a guidance on necessary treatment of Superfund wastes prior to
discharge into POTHs. The program will identify sites with potential discharges to
PQTHs, and characterize the wastewater, treatment techniques, and costs. This
information will be used in a Compatibility Analysis to determine potential PQTW
interference levels for specific pollutants in both wastewaters and sludges.
In 1987, the Agency is establishing conditions/controls for Superfund facili-
ties that are likely to have either a discharge to a PQTW or directly to surface
waters. Activities Include review of disposal alternatives and development of
case-specific discharge controls where discharge to POTH/surface water 1s the
selected disposal alternative. In addition, assistance will be provided to POTWs
in developing local limits and/or other control mechanisms where such facilities
will receive Superfund wastewaters.
Technical assistance on drinking water concerns will be provided. Assistance
in characterizing the relative health risk and the need for remedial action, input
into the "feasibility study* of remedial alternatives and ensuring coordination
with State health officials will be provided.
1986 Accomplishroents
Ho activities were funded in 1986.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $1,963,400 supported by 18.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $300,600 and no change in total workyears
from 1987. The Increase reflects the modification of existing air quality models
to better assess the effects of hazardous waste site clean-up activities and in-
creased personnel and support costs.
In 1988, the program will continue the work begun in 1987 to provide technical
support for hazardous waste site clean-up activities. This support includes the
use of air -quality models to determine risks posed by air emissions from clean-up
activities, and the establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around
sites, where warranted. Review of potential disposal techniques and technology
for quality air emissions will be undertaken, as will the review of remedial action
. plans prior to implementation. The two laboratories operated by the Office of
Radiation Programs will provide analysis of samples presumed to be radioactive.
SF-63
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1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,562,800 supported by 18.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation*
In 1987 technical support, including air quality modeling and monitoring, is
provided for clean-up activities. The radiation laboratories provide analysis of
samples presumed to be radioactive.
1986 Aecomplishments
No activities were funded 1n 1986.
SF-64
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSQR)
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health S
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$9,512.8
$9,512,8
TOTAL
$1,296.7
$1,296.7
$7,692.7
$7,692.7
$848.5
$848.5
$30,000.0 $30,000.0 $50,000.0 $20,000.0
$30,000.0 $30,000.0 $50,000,0 $20,000,0
$13,000.0 $13,000.0 $18,915.0 $5,915.0
$13,000.0 $13,000.0 $18,915.0 $5,915.0
$4,023.3 $4,023.3 $4,948.2 $924.9
$4,023.3 $4,023.3 $4,948.2 $924.9
$10,900.0 $10,900.0 $13,773.0 $2,873.0
$10,900.0 $10,900.0 $13,773.0 $2,873.0
$1,349.8 $1,349.8 $1,879.6 $529.8
$1,349.8 $1,349.8 $1,879.6 $529.8
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01
SUPERFUNB
Hazardous Substance Response - Interapncy
ACTUAL
1986
MIDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE *
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency Superfund
National Oceanographle
* Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety I
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response - Interagency
TOTAL
$476.fi
$476.6
$363.7
$363.7
$19.0
$19.0
$20,210.0
TOTAL $20,210,0
$1,860.0 $1,860.0
$1,860.0 $1,860.0
$1,000.0 $1.,000.0
Sf.OOO.O $1,000.0
$1,233.0 $1,233.0
$1,233.0 $1,233.0
$63,366.1 $63,366.1
$63,366.1 $63,366.1
$2,280.1
$2,280.1
$1,253.5
$1,253.5
$420.1
$420.1
$253.5
$283.5
$1,008.2 -$224.8
$1,008.2 -$224,8
$94,057.6 $30,69105
$94,057.6 $30,691.1
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $94,057,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for Interagency activities in 1988, an increase of
$30,691,500 from 1987. The requested funding will support the on-going Superfund
program activities of the Department of Health and Human Services, the United
States Coast Guard, the Department of Justice, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, the Department of the Interior, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. These agencies
request necessary workyears in their own budget requests.
Program Description
Executive Order 12316, signed by the President in August 1981, requires the
Agency to manage an interagency budget process culminating in a consolidated budget
request for the entire Superfund program. The activities of other Federal agencies
are divided into two basic categories. The first category includes those activities
which are episodic in nature and taken in direct support of specific site or spill
response actions. The second category of other Federal agency involvement is support
for on-going activities which are generally not incident-specific. These activities
include developing program policies and guidance, conducting health research,
training response personnel, litigating civil and criminal cases, and providing
scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators. These actions are
financed by the funds requested in this subactivity.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) The Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) continues the work for the Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR) established under CERCLA. In addition, Superfund
responsibilities are authorized for the National Institute for Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS) within HHS. ATSDR has the authority to investigate complaints of
illness or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances, to conduct health
studies and surveys, to develop appropriate testing for exposed individuals, and to
develop and maintain information on the health effects of toxic substances. ATSDR
is mandated to perform health assessments by December 10, 1988, at all sites on the
National Priorities List (NPL) at the time the amended CERCLA was enacted. HHS
will develop policies and procedures to ensure a coordinated Federal approach in
conducting these activities. NIEHS will administer a program for basic research,
development, and training to increase the understanding of the relationships between
exposure to hazardous substances and human health, and a training grant program in
worker protection.
United States Coast Guardl (USCG) ' The USCG has the authority under CERCLA_
to respond toanyrelease or threatened release of hazardous substances involving
the coastal zone, Great Lakes waters, ports, and harbors. USCG provides training
to maintain this response capability, conducts enforcement activities as necessary
in its areas of -responsibility, and maintains the National Response Center.
Department of Justice (DQJ) The Attorney General has responsibility for
"the conduct and control of au 1itigation arising under CERCLA, EPA prepares the
required technical and legal documentation and cooperates with DOJ 1n the negotia-
tion of consent decrees for privately-financed response actions.
SF-67
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Federal Emergency ManagementAgency (FEHA) FEMA has the authority under,
CERCLA to provide temporary and permanent relocation housing for individuals whose
health is threatened by hazardous substance releases. EPA supports FEMA in estab-
lishing the necessary core staff in both Headquarters and Regions to carry out
delegated functions effectively.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The National Contin-
gency Plan (NCP) designates NOAA as Federal Trustee for certain natural resources
which may be lost or damaged as a result of hazardous substance releases. NOAA
also provides scientific and technical support for responses to releases of hazardous
substances in coastal and marine waters.
Department of the Interior (DPI) The .NCP also designates DOI as Federal
Trustee For certain natural resources lost or damaged as a result of hazardous
substance releases. DOI provides scientific and technical support in the areas of
resource damage assessment through participation on National and Regional Response
Teams.
Occupational^Safety and HealthAdmin1stration (OSHA) OSHA has responsl-
bi1ity for worker protection at Superfundsites.theHealth Response Team (HRT)
provides assistance to EPA officials and other on-site personnel to protect workers
at hazardous waste sites and to develop guidelines to improve current methods of
worker protection.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1988 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $68,915,000 ($50,000,000 for ATSOR and
$18,915,000 for NIEHS) for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $25,915,000 for assessing the health risks presented by
CERCLA sites. This request provides support for mandated or authorized health
assessments, toxic substances lists, reporting requirements, and grants programs,
and reflects the maintenance of health support activities that EPA anticipates will
be needed as the number of sites Increases where EPA is taking action. These
resources will enable HHS to develop protocols for site-specific disease registries,
to conduct birth defects studies at Superfund sites, to support the Headquarters
and field core staff necessary to provide scientific and technical advice to EPA
on-scene coordinators when assessing the public health hazard at priority sites, and
to review environmental test results for indications of human health hazards. On a
continuing-basis, HHS will provide health-related field guidance and laboratory
support at emergency responses and worker protection.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency Is allocating a total of $43,000,000 ($30,000,000 for
ATSDR and $13,000,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation for this program for the on-going activities of HHS. HHS Is collecting
the information and developing the procedures^ necessary to provide continuing
health-related -support to the Superfund program. Included are development of
health-related field guidance in support of Agency emergency response actions,
development of standard guidelines for the conduct of health and epidemiological
studies at NPL sites, production of worker health and safety technical guidance
and field manuals for individuals involved In response actions, and toxicological
testing of chemicals found at NPL sites.
SF-68
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_1_986_ Accompl ishments
In 1986, $9,512,800 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by HHS. These resources provided health-related activities, as
mandated by CERCLA. Scientific support and on-going support for emergency response
activities were continued at sites. Toxicology testing and worker health and
safety research efforts were expanded.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)
.1988 Program Request .._
The Agency requests a total of $4,948,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $924,900 for enhanced
response and augmented National Response Center capabilities. This request will
be for the maintenance of response requirements by the USCG. The USCG will
ensure CERCLA financial responsibility requirements are met, train emergency
response personnel using program modules and simulation drills, staff the CERCLA
component of the National Response Center, and maintain chemical Information systems
and records of characteristics for certain chemicals.
1987 Program ._ ..
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,023,300 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the USCG. These resources will be used to
purchase safety equipment, conduct response training for USCG personnel, upgrade
capabilities at the National Response Center, and provide field data systems to
support response programs and minimize the possibility of any physical Impairment
or harmful effects to personnel due to exposure to hazardous substances.
In 1986, the Agency obligated $1,296,700 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation for the USCG. These resources provided on-site personnel
training and USCG enforcement activities. In addition, these funds supported
Information systems and the operation of the National Response Center.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
1988 Program Request _____
The Agency requests a total of $13,773,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,873,000 for Increased
caseload and automated data support for complex cases. This request will support
the expanded Superfund caseload and the operation of a system which provides
automated data support for complex cases.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,900,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOJ is providing civil and
criminal enforcement litigation which Includes counseling on and enforcement of
administrative orders, warrants for entry, and institution of suits to compel
removal and remedial actions and to recover response costs incurred by the Fund.
SF-69
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1986 AecpmplIsjhmentS'
In 1986, $7,692,700 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGEHCY(FEHA)
1988Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,879,600 for the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation for FEMA's on-going activities. This represents an increase
of $529,800 for enhanced State, local and Federal emergency preparedness and
administrative support. This request will be for FEMA's support of the Regional
Response Team and provide management support and oversight for temporary and per-
manent relocations. Should funding for temporary or permanent relocation activities
be required, it will be provided from resources under the Hazardous Substance
Response program element.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $1,349,800 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Fund appropriation for this program to provide support for the Regional
Response Team and to provide management support. Should funding for temporary
or permanent relocation activities be required, it would be provided from resources
under the Hazardous Substance Response program element.
1936 Accomplishments
In 1986, $848,500 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by FEMA. These resources were used to develop policies and.
procedures, to support permanent and temporary relocation activities, and to con-
duct training.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADHINISTRATION_CNQAA1
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,280,100 from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $420,100 for expanded response
management efforts as well as increased levels of participation in removal and
remedial actions. This request will be used by NOAA to provide and evaluate up-
dated field monitoring methods for sampling and analyzing contaminants discharged
into marine environments. NOAA will continue to conduct spill simulations at
selected ports, to provide updated protective equipment, and to participate on
Regional Response Teams.
1987Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating $1,860,000 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for this program. This will provide training for the
scientific response team, purchase and maintain protective equipment for person-
nel, and maintain field instrumentation.
SF-70
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1986 Accomplishments ____
In 1986, $476,600 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation by NOAA. These resources were used to purchase equipment and
to prepare for conducting natural resource damage assessments.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DPI)
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,253,500 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation for DOI. This represents an increase of $253,500 for expanded response
management efforts and development of damage assessment capabilities. This request
will enable nine DO! bureaus with expertise in their area of concern to participate
more effectively on the National Response Team. DOI will continue to coordinate
the activities of these bureaus in support of EPA's basic mission of spill and site
response. Funds will also be used for the development of State and local contingency
plans and development of procedures for natural resource damage assessments.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,000,000 for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. The DOI is participating on the Regional
and Joint Response Teams by providing damage assessment expertise.
1 986 Accompl 1 shment s
In 1986, $363,700 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation" by the Department of the Interior. These resources allowed DOI
to coordinate the activities of its various bureaus in support of the basic Super-
fund mission*
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
1988 > Program
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,200 for the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation for OSHA. This represents a decrease of $224,800 for standards
development, technical assistance and inspections. This request will allow the
OSHA Health Response Team (HRT) to provide EPA officials and other response person-
nel with- technical- assistance in protecting workers at Superfund sites, implement
a special emphasis program for worker safety at hazardous waste sites, and support
the National and Regional Response Teams.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,233,000 from the Hazardous
Substance -Superfund appropriation for this program. OSHA will use these resources
to provide technical assistance to EPA officials, initiate a special emphasis
program for worker safety at Superfund sites, support the National and Regional
Response Teams, and promulgate a required worker protection standard.
SF-71
-------
1986 Aecompljshnients _
In 1986, $19,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
fund appropriation by OSHA. These resources allowed OS HA to provide technical
assistance to EPA and other responsible on-s1te personnel in protecting workers at
Superfund sites and to develop guidelines for technical assistance and enforcement
for hazardous site activities.
SF-72
-------
PROGRAM
SUPERFUND
Title III - Response
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIHATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
-4
W
Emergency Planning/
Community Rigbt-To-Know
Hazardous Substance
OPTS - Title III
Hazardous Substance
FEHA Emergency
Training - Title III
Hazardous -Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL;
Hazardous Substance
Title III - Response TOTAL
$3,955.8 $3»955.8 $4S565.6 $609.8
$3,955.8 13,955.8 $4,565.6 $609.8
$5,025.0 $5,025.0 $7,675.3 $2,650.3
55,025.0 $5,025.0 $7,675.3 $2,650.3
$5,000.0 $5,000.0 $5,000.0
$5,000.0 $5,000.0 $5,000.0
$13,980,8 $13,980.8 $17,240.9 $3,260.1
$13,980.8 $13,980.8 $17,240.9 $3,260.1
PERMANENT WORKVEARS
Emergency Planning/
Community Right-To-Know
OPTS - Title III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
32.0
23,5
55.5
32.0
23.5
55.5
32.0
34.5
66.5
11.0
11.0
-------
SBPERFUNO
Title III - Response
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKVEARS
Emergency Planning/ 32.0 32.0 32.0
Community Right-To-Know
OPTS - Title III 23,5 23.5 34.5 11.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 55.5 55.5 66.5 11.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Title III - Response
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $17,240,900 supported by 66.5 total workyears
for 1988, for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation, an Increase of
$3,260,100 and 11 total workyears from 1987, The Increase supports enhanced
efforts to assist Information submitters, States and local planning districts.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the following Title III programs:
Emergency PIanning/Community Right-to-Know -- This program includes the devel-
opment and issuanceof regulations and guidances on emergency planning and com-
munity right-to-know reporting and an analysis of emergency systems for detec-
ting, monitoring, and preventing releases of extremely hazardous substances as
required by Title III of Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)., The
program also provides training and technical assistance to information submitters,
States and local planning districts in meeting their responsibilities under the law.
Title III - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS) -- Title III
of SARA of 1986 requires a substantial program of emergency "'planning, community
right-to-know and emissions inventory provisions aimed at increasing the public's
awareness and ability to plan for the management of human health and environmental
risks. OPTS has lead responsibility for the emissions inventory -component of
section 313, for trade secret review and processing under section 32Z, and will
provide technical support for other sections of Title III.
Titlg III-Federal Emergency Management Agency Emergency Training -» Title
III of SARA authorizes $5,000,000 to be appropriated to theFederal Emergency
Management Agency for making grants to support State, local government and univer-
sity-sponsored programs which are designed to provide training on emergency plan-
ning and preparedness, response, and mitigation.
EMERGENCY PLANNING/COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOH OFFICE OF SOLID HASTE AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE (OSUER)~~
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,565,600 supported by 32.0 total workyears
for this program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $609,800 and no change in workyears for activities that sup-
port State and local district emergency planning and community right-to-know
programs.
The Agency will support the Regional Review Teams in their review of emergency
plans. In addition, the Agency will review the list of extremely hazardous sub-
stances and continue to develop, refine, and distribute guidance materials on
community right-to-know information. The Agency will complete its study of public
alert systems and emergency systems for detecting, monitoring, and preventing
releases of extremely hazardous substances and report to the Congress. The Increase
< of £609,800 is in anticipation of an increased number of requests for assistance
in developing and reviewing emergency plans.
SF-75
-------
j987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,955,800 supported by 32.0
total workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The regulation on threshold planning quantities and extremely hazardous sub-
stances will be proposed and finalized. The guidance on emergency planning will
be issued by the National Response Team. In support of the Regional Response
Teams review of emergency plans; the Agency 1$ developing training courses and
providing technical assistance on emergency plan development, simulation exercises,
and hazard analysis.
In addition, Community Right-to-Know reporting information forms, threshold
reporting quantities and categories will be proposed and finalized. The Agency is
providing guidance to States and local communities and assistance to them in the
organization and use of community right-to-know information through workshops
and consultation. The study on public alert and emergency systems for detecting,
monitoring, and preventing releases of extremely hazardous substances Is being
conducted and an interim report will be provided to the Congress.
1986 Ac^
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
TITLE III - OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AKD TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1988..ProgramJtej|uest
The Agency requests a total of $7,675,300 supported by 34.5 total workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.. This represents an increase
of $2,650",300 and 11.0 total workyears to complete the development of proceedures
and criteria for reviewing claims of exemption under the trade secret provision
and to provide Regional assistance to emissions inventory submitters.
In 1988, emissions Inventory reporting will begin. Reporting requires manu-
facturers, processors and users of potentially harmful chemical substances to
report chemical emissions to EPA. EPA is required to make this information
available to the public. The design of-the emissions inventory data base will
be completed and made available for public access. Emphasis will be placed on
review and processing of the emissions inventory forms in order to ensure the
Integrity of data available to the public and to determine whether modifications
1n threshold reporting quantities or facility classifications would improve the
utility of the data. In 1988, the need for Regional technical support will be
expanded. The Regions will respond to increasing demands for explanations of
reporting requirements for facilities.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,025,000 supported by 23.5
total workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1987, OPTS is undertaking the responsibility for planning the emissions
inventory. A toxic chemical release form and Instructions will be published and
development of a data base management system and mechanisms for data dissemination
to respond to the anticipated public demand for information will begin. In addi-
tion, petitions for amending reporting criteria will be processed.
SF-76
-------
1986 Accompli shments ,
In 1986 accomplishments for this program are described in the TSCA existing
chemicals program.
TITLE III - FEDERALEMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY EMERGENCY TRAINING
1988 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 for the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This request
reflects no increase over 1987. FEMA will receive funds authorized for the purpose
of awarding emergency hazardous materials training grants.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,000,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund Appropriation for this program. FEMA is providing hazardous
materials training grants through the Emergency Management Institute.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
SF-77
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
L.U.S.T
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORftGE TANKS Ul
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support..,. L-5
Environmental Engineering and Technology... L-6
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support...................... L-8
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Eva! uatl on L-10
Administrative Management Office of Administration
and Resources Management.... ** *......* I-11
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel.......... L-ll
ABATEMENT R CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation L-14
LUST guidelines and Implementation. L-15
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement L-18
Enforcement - Office of Enforcement 8 Compliance
Monitoring L-19
L-l
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ACTUAL
1986
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIHATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL, Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust
$50,000.0 $25,000,0
$50,000.0 $25,000.0*
-$25,000.0
* -$25,000.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
85,0 85.0 85.0
85.0 85.0 85,0
$7,500.0 $7,500.0 $17,500.0 +$10,000.0
The Superfunri Amendments, and Reauthorizatlon Act (SARA), enacted
October 17, 1986, established the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000 to be
appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.
*In 1987, $50,000,000 Mas appropriated for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) Trust
Fund. Under the Administration's two-year plan for Implementation of the LUST Trust Fund,
the Agency plans to obligate $25,000,000 1n 1987 and to carryover $25,000,000 Into 1988.
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
QVERVIEH AND STRATEGY
Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 authorizes the establishment of a response
program for cleanup of releases from leaking underground storage tanks that contain
petroleum. Owners and operators of facilities with underground storage tanks have
the Initial responsibility for cleanup and once regulations are in place, must
maintain evidence of financial responsibility. Tht LUST Trust Fund provides sup-
plemental cleanup capabilities and may also be used to enforce necessary corrective
action and to recover costs expended from the Fund. The combination of Insurance
requirements and the availability of Trust Fund resources is intended to reduce
financial uncertainty and encourage early reporting.
The Agency's objective is to Implement the LUST response program primarily
through cooperative agreements with States. The Agency will develop guidelines,
provide technical assistance and will only directly respond to releases in cases
of a substantial threat when an owner/operator or a State does not act. Towards
this end, the program 1n 1988 emphasizes (1) continued development of guidelines
and technical assistance to States; (2) continued support for new EPA and State
infrastructures capable of addressing legal, technical and financial Issues; and
(3) increased emphasis on response and enforcement, primarily through cooper-
ative agreements.
L-3
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally.Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORASE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support.................. 1-5
Environmental Engineering and Technology L-6
L-4
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Technical
Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
$760.0 $760.0
$760.0 $760.0
$760.0 $760.0
$760.0 $760.0
-$760.0
-$760.0
-$760.0
-$760.0
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Env1 rormental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL WORK YEARS
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
BudgetRequest
The Agency is not requesting any new funding for this proyram in 1988.
However, the Agency plans on using $760,000 in carryover funds from the 1987 Appro-
priation for research in support of the LUST Trust Fund, supported by 2,0 total
workyears. This level of funding represents no change from 1987.
Program Description
This program will provide technical support to the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank (LUST) Trust Fund to provide corrective action at leaking facilities. This ef-
fort includes provision of scientific expertise on low cost approaches for assessment
of site contamination, monitoring systems for leaked petroleum products, transport
and fate of petroleum products in soils and groundwater, a decision model to assist
in making site-specific clean-up decisions, and evaluations of remedial technolo-
gies.
Objective 1; Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.
This actTvTty provides technical support to the Office of Underground Storage Tanks
(OUST), Regions, State and local agencies implementing the Trust Fund program. The
work contributes to ensuring the selection of the best available site assessment
and clean-up procedures by responsible authorities.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1988 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding for this program in 1988. Funds
totaling $760,000 are expected to be carried over to 1988, This carryover will
be supported by 2.0 total workyears. These resources represent no change from
1987.
Leaking Underground/Storage. Tank Trust Fund Technical Support. A risk-based
decision modelto assist in making site-specific clean-up decisions will be devel-
oped for use by State and local officials responsible for selecting clean-up tech-
niques to be applied at individual leaking underground storage tank sites. This
tool will assist non-specialists in their consideration of relevant technical
information in making these decisions. Guidance and assistance will be given to
States on integrated monitoring systems for mapping the area contaminated by leaked
petroleum products. Guidance will be developed on strategies for applying technol-
ogies for cost-effective soil and groundwater cleanup.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $760,000 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
The program is providing technical support for LUST Trust Fund corrective actions.
This includes provision of scientific expertise-on low cost approaches for assess-
ment of site contamination, monitoring systems for leaked petroleum products, and
development of a site-specific model to assist in clean-up decision making.
1986 Accomplistonents
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
L-6
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management K Support L-8
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Eval uation L-10
Administrative Management - Office of Administration
and Resources Management L-ll
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel.. L-ll
1-7
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL
1986
BUDCET
ESTIMATE
1987
ENACTED
1987
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
REQUEST
1988
INCREASE 4
DECREASE -
1988 VS 1987
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy 8 Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning S Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Ad minisratlve
Management - Office of
Administration 8
Resources Management
Leaklng Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL.
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaklnfl Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Management *
Support
TOTAL
TOTAL
$332.5 $332.5
$332,5 $332.5
$1,802.5 $1,802.5
$1,802.5 $1,802.5
$247.0 $247.0
$247.0 $247.0
$2,382.0 $2,382.0
$2,382.0 $2,382.0
-$332.5
-$332.5
-$1,802.5
-$1,802.5
-$247.0
-$247.0
-$2,382.0
-$2,382.0
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST RIND
LIST Management * Support
ACTUAL BtJtJGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
198fi ESTIHATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IM THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
i
ID
Policy X Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning * Evaluation
Admlnlsratlve
Management - Office of
Administration ft
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
1.5 1.5
15.5 15.5
5.0 5.0
22.0 2?.0
1.0 -.5
li.O -.5
5.0
21.0 -1.0
TOTAL WDRKYEARS
Policy I Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning * Evaluation
Adnrtnlsratlve
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
1.5
1B.5
5.0
1.5
15.5
5.0
1.0
15.0
5.0
-.5
-.5
TOTAL WDRKYEARS
22.0
22.0
21.0 -1.0
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management and Support
A
I
Budget Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding in 1988. However, funds totaling
$2,327,000 are expected to be carried over from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation
to 1988, supported by 21.0 total workyears. This level of funding represents a
decrease of 1.0 workyears from 1987, reflecting a shift to enforcement.
Prog ram Desc r1pt i on
This subactivity includes the following programs:
Policy _and Analysis - Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation This
component provides the LUST program with guidance lin strategic Issues, In'cluding:
establishing priority cleanup sites; creating mechanisms to encourage State par-
ticipation; establishing criteria for cleanup levels and technologies; and program
evaluation.
Administrative_Management - Office of Administration and Resources Manage-
mentThiscomponent providesfinancialmanagementprocedures.supportfoF
developing cooperative agreements, and administrative and financial services to
support the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. Support services
such as rent, utilities and telecommunications are also provided.
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel This component provides legal
support for the development of guidelines and policies for administration of the
LUST program and defense of the Agency in legal actions taken against the program.
POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1988 Projram Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding in 1988. Funds totaling $305,000
are expected to be carried over to 1988. This carryover will support .1.0 total
workyears. This represents a decrease of $27,500 and a decrease of 0.5 total
workyears from 1987. The decrease Is due to a shift in emphasis from program
development and analysis to program implementation, since some of the major policy
decisions regarding the program's structure will have been made or proposed in
1987.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue to identify and analyze
major issues associated with the implementation' of the LUST Trust Fund. With the
overall policy framework established in 1987, the emphasis will begin to shift to
program evaluation in 1988.
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $33,2,500 supported by 1.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
L-10
-------
With these resources, OPA is aiding the Program Office in developing and
analyzing strategies for deciding which underground storage tank cleanups should
be financed from the Trust Fund; what kinds of mechanisms should be established
for enabling the states to carry out the responsibilities of the Act; what the
criteria for state program approval should be; and what the process for determining
cleanup technologies and levels should be.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986» no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
ADMINISTRATIVE MAWMSEMEHT - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1988Program Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding for this program in 1988. Funds
totaling $1,775,000 are expected to be carried over to 1988. This carryover will
support 15.0 total workyears. This represents a decrease of $27,500 and .5 total
workyears from 1987. The Agency will continue to develop and implement financial
controls over the LUST Trust Fund, including procedures for cost documentation and
cost recovery. The Agency will emphasize the award and monitoring of cooperative
agreements with the States in accordance with policies established in 1987. Re-
cruitment and ongoing personnel services for LUST program employees will also be
provided. The request also provides for support costs that will be incurred by
the LUST program such as rent, utilities, security, mall operations and automated
data processing (ADP) technical assistance.
1981 Program
In 1987, the Agency 1s allocati-ng a total of $1,802,500 supported by 15.5 total
workyetrs for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation. The Agency will establish a financial and adminis-
trative structure to provide controls over the LUST Trust Fund, and develop poli-
cies and procedures for cost recovery actions against responsible parties. The
Agency will also develop guidelines and requirements for establishing cooperative
agreements with the States on the implementation of Section 205 requirements.
These resources will also provide for the recruitment of additional LUST program
employees. Support services for the LUST program, such as rent, utilities, mainte-
nance, telecommunications and ADP costs are also included in these resources.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
LEGAL SERVICES - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1988 Program Request
The Agency 1s not requesting any new funding In 1988. Funds totaling $247,000
are expected to be carried over to 1988. This carryover will support 5.0 total
workyears. This represents no change from-1987. The resources will provide legal
support for the development of guidelines and policies for administration of the
fund, assisting the delegation of authority to the States, supporting cooperative
agreements between EPA and states, providing advice and interpretations, and
defense of the Agency in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
L-ll
-------
1987 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $247,000 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund. The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the fund, assist the delegation of authority
to the States, support cooperative agreements between EPA and States, and provide
advice, interpretations, and defense of the Agency in legal actions taken against
it regarding the Trust Fund.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
L-12
-------
Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMEMTAL PROTECTION ASEKCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAK!NGUNDERGROUND STORftGE TANKS
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation. L-14
LUST Guidelines and Implementation , L-15
L-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORffiE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines A Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)'
PROGRAM
Guidelines 8
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Guidelines 8 TOTAL
Implementation
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
$46,655.5 $21,655.5
$46,655.5 $21,655.5
$46,655.5 $21,655.5
$46,655.5 $21,655.5
-$21,655.5
-$21,655.5
-$21,655.5
-$21,655.5
Guidelines ft'
Implementation -LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WOPKYEARS
Guidelines S
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.0
56.0
56.0
-.5
-.5
-.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
56.5
56.5
56.0
-.5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding for this program In 1988. The
Agency plans on using $21,643,000 1n carryover funds from the 1987 Appropriation
for the LUST Trust Fund, supported by 56 total workyears. This is a decrease of 0.5
total workyears and $12,100 from the 198? estimates, reflecting a shift of resources
into enforcement.
Program Description
LUSTGuidelines and Implementation This program is to ensure rapid and
effective response to releases from underground petroleum tanks, as authorized by
amendments to Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act contained in the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorlzatlon Act of 1986. The Agency will develop policies and
guidelines for Fund administration, develop cooperative agreements with States
to implement the response program, provide technical assistance and oversight for
State programs, and undertake a limited number of direct response and enforcement
actions.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IHPLEHENTATION
1988 Program Request
The Agency Is not requesting any new funding for this program 1n 1988. The
Agency plans on using $21,643,000 1n carryover funds from the 1987 Appropriation
for the .LUST Trust Fund, supported by 56.0 total workyears. This represents a
decrease of 0.5 total workyears and $12,500 from the 1987 estimates, reflecting a
shift of resources Into enforcement. These levels wll-1 allow the Agency and States
to respond effectively to releases from underground petroleum storage tanks.
The Agency will develop and Issue policies, guidances, and strategies to
promote State response programs for leaking underground storage tanks. With the
overall framework for administering the Fund and basic guidelines in place by the
end of 1987, the Agency will refine and expand Its guidelines, technical assistance
and oversight to address emerging areas, including the regulatory requirements for
financial responsibility and corrective action which will be promulgated 1n 1988.
The Agency will continue to develop guidelines for Fund administration, program
evaluation, and State capability assessment. Corrective action guidelines will
address site priorities, site identification, cleanup methods, and public partici-
pation requirements. The Agency will develop and communicate enforcement strategies
and model enforcement orders.
An expanded, comprehensive response program will be promoted through multiple-
site cooperative agreements. In addition to entering into cooperative agreements
with States that already have response programs, a portion of the Fund will be
targeted to States with basic program capabilities to assist them in initiating a
response program. States will require owner/operators to take necessary cleanup
actions through administrative orders. Where necessary. States will use the Trust
Fund to clean up releases of petroleum and seek to recover costs where appropriate.
Regions will provide technical assistance, program review and evaluation for State
response programs, and will directly undertake response and enforcement actions 1n
a limited number of very serious cases.
L-15
-------
1987 Program
In 1987, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,655,500 supported by 55.5
total workyears, ill of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. It is expected that these levels will fully support the
Initial phases of implementing the program.
The Agency will develop guidelines, policies and procedures for administration
of the Fund, expedite delegations of authority for State implementation of the
program, expedite the development of cooperative agreements, and provide guidance
to States on response and enforcement including site priorities, Fund administra-
tion, cleanup methods and cost recovery. The Agency will enter into initial model
cooperative agreements primarily with States that have the capability to administer
the program and have an inventory of sites requiring corrective action.
Under these cooperative agreements States will take the necessary enforcement
actions to require owner/operator cleanup or, where necessary, to use the Trust
Fund to fund the response action directly.
1986 Accomplishments
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
L-16
-------
Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENV-IRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paje
LEAKING. UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement .... L-18
Enforcement - Office of Enforcement & Compliance
Monitor! ng 1-19
L-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUNO
LUST Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1986 ESTIMATE 1987 ESTIMATE 1988 DECREASE -
1987 1987 1988 VS 1987
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
i
t-j
oo
Enforcement - Office
of Enforcement S
Compliance Monitoring
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement TOTAL
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Enforcement - Office
of Enforcement *
Compliance Monitoring
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Enforcement - Office
of Enforcement 5
Compliance Monitoring
$202.5 $202.5
$202.5 $2D?.5
$202.5 $202.5
$202.5 $202.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
6,0
6.0
6.0
-$202.5
-$202.5
-$202.5
-$202.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.5
4.5
6.0
1.5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Enforcement
BudgetRequest
The Agency is not requesting any new funding in 1988, However, funds total-
Ing $270,000 are expected to be carried over from 1987, supported by 6.0 total
workyears. This level of funding represents an increase of 1.6 total workyears
from 1987.
.Program Descrijgti or^
This program provides for Regional legal enforcement actions taken to support
implementation of the LUST Trust Fund established by the Superfund Amendment and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The LUST Trust Fund may be used to enforce
corrective action requirements by owner/operators of leaking underground storage
tanks and also response activities.
ENFORCEMENT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1988 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting any new funding in 1988. Funds totaling $270,000
are expected to be carried over from 1987. This carryover will support 6.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the LUST Trust Fund. This represents an in-
crease of $67,500 and 1.5 total workyears from 1987.
The primary workload of regional legal enforcement staff in 1988 will shift
somewhat from the Intense 1nvol-vement in State cooperative agreement negotiations
to a greater emphasis, in those States with signed agreements, on guidance and
technical assistance as the States begin to implement the new Underground Storage
Tank program. Coordination with States and Headquarters will be required to
ensure uniform implementation, particularly regarding issues on financial viability
of owner/operators, cost recovery, and appropriate use of enforcement orders.
1987 Prog rani
In 1987 the Agency is allocating a total of $202,500 supported by 4.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
Legal efforts in the first year are being spent primarily on developing and
negotiating cooperative agreements with the States. Owner/operators generally
provide the lead in response actions for releases from leaking tanks. States may
also take response and enforcement actions, governed by the cooperative agreements
negotiated with EPA. The Federal program role is limited to conducting responses
where the release constitutes a major public health emergency and no State authori-
ty or owner/operator is available to respond in a timely manner. Regional legal
staff will provide oversight to State enforcement efforts, will follow through on
enforcement orders where required, and will pursue cost recovery where Regions
have used the LUST Trust Fund for response because of the emergency nature of the
public health threat,
1986 ftccpmp1Ishments
In 1986, no resources were authorized or obligated for this program.
L-19
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSIS
Table ofContents
Page
EPA Organization Chart........... SA-2
EPA Regional Offices - Locations SA-3
Summary of Resources, By Appropriation........ SA-4
Summary of Resources, Ry Media. SA-7
1987 Workyears and Budget Authority, By Hedla and Appropriation............. SA-11
1988 Horkyears and Budget,, Authority, By Media and Appropriation SA-12
Summary of State Brant Resources ...*... SA-13
History of State Brant Budget Authority. SA-15
Permanent Positions by Grade , SA-18
Average Employment and Salary..'. SA-23
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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SA-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
Region I
Region II
Headquarters.Boston, Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts/
New Hanpshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Headquarters. New Vork, New York
Hew Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
belaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Region VI Headquarters, Pal1 as, Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico
Oklahoma, Texas
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region VIII Headquarterst Denver, Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
3*
OJ
Region IV Headquarters, At1 anta, Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region IX Headquarters. San Francisco, California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories
of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands
Region X Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Sunmary of Resources
By Appropriation
(dollars 1n thousands)
Budget
Actual Estimate Enacted
1986 1987 1987
Salaries and Expenses
Obi 1 gati cms. ».,,..,.
Research and Development
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Obligations.
Buildings and Facilities
Obi 1 gat Ions ....<
Operations, Research and
Facilities
Obi \ gat Ions ,
$657,611.0
$654,437.1
$659,173.0
10,262.5
11,186.4
$210,660.0
1208,142.5
$192,342.0
,.. $552,053.0
$565,007.2
$479,054.4
44,785.0
$3,560.7
... $4,594.0
$290.0
$225.0
$687,947.0
$687,947.'0
$675,535.6
10,452.9
11,382.7
$192,734.0
$193,344.2
$204,026.9
$490,785.0
$492,699.9
$532,473.7
$5,000.0
$7,600.0
$8,405.5
$300.0
$500.0
$701,107.0
$701,107.0
$687,949.0
10,753.5
11,601.7
$202,500.0
$205,111.0
$203,337.4
$582,685.0
$583,808.0
$575,515.0
$7,500.0
$16,515.0
$4,994.0
$500.0
$550.0
Current
Estimate
1987
$701,107.0
$701,107.0
$687,949.0
10,753.5
11,601.7
$202,500.0
$205,111.0
$203,337.4
$535,185.0
$538,308.0
$560,790.0
$5,000.0
$14,015.0
$4,768.9
$500.0
$550.0
Request
1988
$778,330.0a
$733,999.5
$759,368*0a
11,459.7
11,459.7
$190,000.0
$190,302.0
$201,217.0
$515,085.3
$514,611.0
$546,962.0
$6,000.0
$5,880.0
$6,878.5
$500.0
$500.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
$77,223.0
$32,892.5
$71,419.0
706.2
-142.0
$12,500.0
$14,809.0
-$2,120.4
$20,099.7
$23,697.0
$13,828.0
$1,000.0
-$8,135.0
$2,109.6
-$50.0
-------
l/J
Actual
1986
Budget
Estimate
1987
Enacted
1987
Current
Estimate
1987
Request
1988
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority.............. $1,425,109.0 $1,376,466.0 $1,493,792.0 $1,443,792.0 $1,489,415.33
Obligations $1,431,437.5 $1,381,891.1 $1,507,041.0 $1,459,041.0 $1,445,292.5
Outlays..... $1,335,388.4 $1,420,941.7 $1,472,345.4 $1,457,395.3 $l,514,925.5a
Permanent Horkyears,
Total Horkyears,
10,262.5
11,186.4
10,452.9
11,382.7
10,753.5
11,601.7
10,753.5
11,601.7
11,459.7
11,459.7
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Budget Authority,....
Obligations....
Outlays..
Permanent Workyears.........
Total Horkyears.....
$261,300.0 $1,050,000.0 $1,411,300.0 $1,123,108.6 $1,200,000.0
$394,668.0 $1,252,000.0 $1,123,100.0 $1,123,100.0 $1,578,600.0
$434,979.0 $770,800.0 $550,000.0 $550,000.0 $900,000.0
1,511.3 - 1,556.2 2,220.2 2,220.2 2,716.0
1,642.8 1,716.0 2,416.0 2,416.0 2,716.0
Payments to Hazardous Substance
auperfung
Budget Cuthorlty.
Obligations......
Outlays
Advancesto Hazardous Substance
Superfund"'
Budget Authorlty...«
Obligations..
Outlays
* * *
* * *
* * *
*
($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (LUST) Trust Fund
Budget Authority...,
Obligations
Outlays....
Permanent Workyears,
Total Vforkyears.....
$50,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
...b
$25,000.0
$17,500.0
85.0
85.0
Construction Grants
Budget Authority. $1,774,200.0
Obligations $2,109,810.0
Outlays........ $3,112,547.0 $2,355;200.0 $2;600,000.0 $2,600,000.0 $2,320,000.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
$45,623.3
-$13,748.5
$57,530.2
706.2
-142.0
$76,891.4
$455,500.0
$350,000.0
495.8
300.0
* *
fr » «
(-$635,400.0)
(-$635,400.0)
(-$635,400.0)
-$25,000.0
$10,000.0
* *
* * *
... $2,000,000.0c$2,000,000.0c$2,000,000.0d
$108,267.0 $2,020,000.0 $2,020,000.0 $1,999,999.0
-$20,001.0
-$280,000.0
-------
Budget Current Increase +
Actual Estimate Enacted Estimate Request Decrease -
1986 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 vs 1987
Scientific Activities Overseas
Obi1gatlons . V.T7.. $127.0 $150.0 $1,500.0 $1,500.0 ... -$1,500.0
Outlays..... $94.0 $342.0 $200.0 $200.0 $275.0 $75.0
Revolving Fund
Obligations.......... $835.0 $750.0 $1,000.0 $1 000.0 $1,000.0
Outlays. -$312.0 -$1,250.0 -$500.0 -$500.0 -$500.0
M1sc. Contributed Funds
Obligations................... $39.0 $40.0 $30.0 $30.0 $10.0 -$20.0
Outlays... $43.0 $25.0 $40.0 $40.0 $50.0 $10.0
Reimbursements - Salaries and
Expenses"
Obligations $15,875.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0 $20,000.0
Permanent Horkyears 57.2 53.0 62.0 62.0 62.0
Total Horkyears. 63.2 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations $17,516.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $30,000.0 $52,000.0 $22,000.0
TOTAL. ENVIROHMEMTAl. PROTECTION
ft6EflCY
Budget Authority $3,460,609.0 $2,426,466.0 $4.955,092.0 $4,591,900.6 $4,689,415.3 $97,514.7
Obligations $3,970,307.5 $2,793,098.1 $4,727,671.0 $4,679,671.0 $5,121,901.5 $442,230.5
Outlays $4,882,739.4 $4,546,058.7 $4,629,585.4 $4,614,635.3 $4,752,250.5 $137,615.2
Permanent Horkyears...... 11,831.0 12,062.1 13,120.7 13,120.7 14,322.7 1,202.0
Total Horkyears 12,892.4 13,160.7 14,164.7 14,164.7 14,322.7 158.0
aThls request Includes $44,331,000 1n Budget Authority and $42,200,000 1n related outlays for the Federal
Employees Retirement System (FERS) and the pay raise. The FERS and pay raise request 1s reflected only 1n
this table and 1n the Special Analysis Section of this Justification.
bUnder the Administration's two-year plan for the Implementation of the LUST Trust Fund, the Agency plans
to obligate $25,000,000 1n 1987 and to carryover $25,000,000 Into 1988.
cCongress appropriated $2,400,000,000 and made available $1,200,000,000. The President's Budget proposes
$800,000,000 for later transmlttal.
*
dThe.Presldent will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 upon enactment of appropriate reform'
legislation.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Resources
By Media
(dollars In thousands)
Actual
1986
A1r
Budget Authority $245,709.4
Obligations... $247,121.0
Outlays... $231,319.9
Permanent Horkyears........... 1,646.9
Total I'orkyears... 1,741.7
Hater Quality
Budget Authority.... $242,929.9
Obligations $242,571.6
Outlays.............. ' $225,930.8
Permanent Horkyears 1,953.2
Total Horkyears............... 2,146.5
Drinking Hater
Budget Authority... $86,807.0
Obllptions..... $86,515.0
Outlays......... $86,385.9
Permanent Workyears........... 574.8
Total Horkyears............... 632.0
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority $234,412.6
Obligations $234,874.8
Outlays,.,..,,,,,, $205,247.6
Permanent Horkyears 1,246.0
Total Horkyears. .,» 1,362,7
Pesticides
Budget Authority....
Obligations .,
Outlays
Permanent Horkyears,
Total Workyears....,
$66,901.8
$68,652.1
$66,049.8
732.2
792.8
Budget
Estlmate
1987
$239,228.4
$239,549.0
$235,868.6
1,660.2
1,791.1
$69,433.1
$69,467.0
$68,720.5
734.7
803.8
Enacted
1987
$245,706.1
$242,968.7
$236,870.3
1,694.5
1,779.1
Current
Estimate
1987
$244,289.1
$241,573
$236,272
1,690
1,775.0
$69,469.0
$68,899.6
$65,529.5
756.3
812.7
Request
1988
$241,047.7
$241,454.0
$243.866.6
1,765.7
1,765.7
$217,841.0
$218,584.0
$235,732.7
2,021.1
2,181.8
$238,642.1
$241,806.7
$243,528.9
1,992.5
2,179.7
$238,855.6
$242,009.0
$243,257.5
1,989.8
2,177.0
$229,442.9
$229,823.0
$243,101.3
2,124.6
2,124.6
$84,126.5
$84,242.0
$83,434.7
587.8
639.8
$105,230.9
$103,966.7
$97,563.5
716.1
758.0
$105,570.9
$104,301.1
$97,684.1
716.1
758.0
$112,311.0
$112,519.0
$106,149.1
752.7
752.7
$256,236.2
$256,144.0
$239,991.5
1,301.3
1,462.3
$258,187.2
$256,213.6
$244,650.6
1,339.4
1,481.6
$258,132.8
$256,158.0
$244,430.6
1,339.4
1,481.6
$249,375.0
$249,866.0
$249,810.9
1,485.4
1,485.4
$69,253.9
$68,637.9
$65,379.7
756.3
812.7
$72,929.4
$73,019.0
$67,984.6
818.2
818.2
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
-$3,241.4
-$119.7
$7,594.5
75.3
-9.3
-$9,412.7
-$12.186.0
-$156.2
134.8
-52.4
$6,740.1
$8,217.9
$8,465.0
36.6
-5.3
-$8,757.8
-$6,292.0
$5,380.3
146.0
3.8
$3,675.5
$4,381.1
$2,604.9
61.9
5.5
-------
CD
Actual
1986
Radiation
Budget Autho M ty....
Obligations.
Outlays...
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Noise
Budget Authority.
Obligations......
Outlays.....
$25.6
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority
Obligations,
Outlays...
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority $136,280.3
Obligations..... *.... $145,460.6
Outlays $110,420.6
Permanent Workyears........... 782.9
Total Workyears..., 848.2
Energy
Budget Authority....
Obligations
Outlays,
Permanent Workyears,
Total Workyears....,
Budget
Estimate
1987
Enacted
1987
Current
Estimate
1987
$184.7
$205.8
$205.9
Request
1988
$11,492.0
$13,184.0
$12,998.2
137.7
151.2
$11,972.0
$11,989.0
$12,136.4
152.0
157.0
$15,384.0
$15,267.0
$13,552.2
180.6
185.7
$15,388.9
$15,272,2
$13,546.8
180.1
185.2
$13,428.0
$13,440.0
$13,820.1
166.7
166.7
$140.6
$55,655.4
$55,136.3
$52,678.0
503.9
550.1
$47,874.9
$48,043.0
$52,466.7
544.3
570.0
$55,449.8
$55,724.6
$57,888.8
576.7
609.5
$56,883.1
$57,144.7
$58,725.4
584.0
616.8
$54,608.5
$54,659.0
$56,174.2
602.2
602.2
$89,327.7
$90,523.0
$128,594.4
792.5
858.2
$138,604.1
$140,133.4
$137,308.0
801.3
856.1
$90,461.9
$94,049.0
$122,652.9
801.3
856.1
$83,091.7
$81,197.0
$103,617.1
839.6
839.6
$57,447.6
$53,595.1
$57,651.1
83.6
92.9
$59,589.4
$59,613.0
$61,349.2
77.2
85.8
$59,465.6
$64,892.4
$60,645,1
85.1
85.6
$59,547.4
$64,972.0
$60,640.6
85.1
85.6
$58,866.6
$58,952.0
$62,672.5
82.6
82.6
Management and Support
Budget Authority.... $282,688.0 $295,836.8 $300,153.2 $300,408.4 $323,983.5
Obligations......... $280,766.6 $296,137.1 $300,653.3 $300,908.4 $324,483.0
Outlays.... $282,086.9 $294,056.0 $309,608.7 $309,830.8 $318,510.0
Permanent Workyears 2,601.3 2,581.8 2,611.0 2,611.0 2,822.0
Total Vorkyears. 2,868.3 2,832.9 2,853.7 2,853.7 2,822.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
-$1,960.9
-$1.832.2
$273.3
-13.4
-18.5
-$65.3
-$2,274.6
-$2,485.7
-$2,551.2
18.2
-14.6
-$7,370.2
.$12,852.0
-$19,035.8
38.3
-16.5
-$680.8
-$6,020.0
$2,031.9
-2.5
-3.0
$23,575.1
$23,574.6
$8,679.2
211.0
-31.7
-------
IO
Bui1dlngs and Faci11ties
Budget Authority.......
Obligations .,
Outlays....... .,
Actual
1986
$4,785.0
$3,560.7
$4,594.0
Budget
Estimate
1987
$5,000.0
$7,600.0
$8,405.5
Enacted
1987
$7,500.0
$16,515.0
. $4,994.0
Current
Estimate
1987
$5,000.0
$14,015.0
$4,768.9
Request
1988
$6,000.0
$5,880.0
$6.878.5
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
$1,000.0
-$8,135.0
$2,109.6
SUBTOTAL. OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority....... $1,425,109.0 $1,376,466.0 $1,493,792.0 $1,443,792.0 $1,445,084.3
Obligations $1,431,437.8 $1,381,891.1 $1,507,041.0 $1,459,041.0 $1,445,292.0
Outlays $1,335,388.4 $1,420,941.7 $1,472,345.4 $1,457,395.3 $1,472,725.5
Permanent Workyears 10,262.5 10,452.9 10,753.5 10,753.5 11,459.7
Total Horkyears 11,186.4 11,382.7 11,601.7 11,601.7 11,459.7
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Budget Authority..... $261,300.0 $1,050,000.0 $1,411,300.0 $1,123,108.6 $1,200,000.0
Obligations $394.668.0 $1.252,000.0 $1,123,100.0 $1,123,100.0 $1,578,600.0
Outlays $434,979.0 $770,800.0 $550,000.0 $550,000.0 $900,000.0
Permanent Horkyears... 1,511.3 1,556.2 2,220.2 2,220.2 2,716.0
Total Horkyears.... 1,642.8 1,716.0 2,416.0 2,416.0 2,716.0
Payments to Hazardous Substance
Superfund'~T
Budget Authority
Obi 1 gati on s.,
Outl ays
* *
* * r
Advances to Hazardous Substance
* * *
*
Budget Authority .............. ($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
Obligations ....... . ...... ..... ($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
Outlays ........... .... ........ ($198,000.0) ($33,000.0)
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
"(LOST) Trust Fund
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
($635,400.0)
$1,292,3
-$13,749.0
$15,330.2
706.2
-142.0
$76,891.4
$455,500.0
$350,000.0
495.8
300.0
* * *
* * *
(-$635,400.0)
(-$635,400.0)
(-$635,400.0)
Budget Authority,,..
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Horkyears.
Total Horkyears.....
$50,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$7,500.0
85.0
85.0
* * «
$25,000.0
$17,500.0
85.0
85.0
-$25,000.0
* *
$10,000.0
» * *
**
-------
Construction Grants
Scientific Activities Overseas
Revolving Fund
Misc. Contributed Funds
Reimbursements - Salaries and
Expenses
Permanent Work years. .........
Total Workvears....
Actual
1986
, $1,774,200.0
. $2,109,810.0
, $3,112,547.0
$127.0
$94.0
$835.0
-$312.0
$39.0
$43.0
$15,875.0
57.2
63.2
Budget
Estimate
1987
m
$108,267.0
$2,355,200.0
$150.0
$342.0
$750.0
-$1,250.0
$40.0
$25.0
$20,000.0
53.0
62.0
Enacted
1987
$2,000,000.08
$2,020,000.0
$2,600,000.0
$1,500.0
$200.0
$1,OOQ.O
-$500.0
$30.0
$40.0
$20,000.0
62.0
62.0
Current
Estimate
1987
$2,000,000.03
$2,020,000.0
$2,600.000.0
$1,500.0
$200.0
$1,000.0
-$500.0
$30.0
$40.0
$20,000.0
62.0
62.0
Request
1988
$2,000,000.0b
$1,999,999.0
$2,320,000.0
$275.0
$1,000.0
-$500.0
$10.0
$50.0
$20 000.0
62.0
62.0
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1987
-$20,001.0
-$280,000.0
,500.0
$75.0
» »
* *
-$20,0
$10.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations ...... ........ ..... $17,516.0 $30.000.0 $30.000.0 $30,000.0 $52,000.0 $22,000.0
TOTAL. , ENVIROKHENTAl PROTECTION
Budget Authority .............. $3,460,609.0 $2,426,466.0 $4,955,092.0 $4,591,900.6 $4,645,084.3c $53,183.7
Obligations. .......... ... ..... $3,970,307 .8d $2,793,098.1 $4,727,671.0 $4,679,671.0 $5,121,901.5 $442,230.5
Outlays..... ...... ..... ....... $4.882,739.4 $4,546,058.7 $4.629,585.4 $4,614,635.3 $4.710,050.5e $95,415.2
Permanent Horkyears ......... .. 11,831.0 12,062.1 13,120.7 13,120.7 14,322.7 1.202.0
Total Workyears ...... . ..... ... 12,892.4 13,160.7 14,164.7 14,164.7 14,322.7 ISfl.O
aCongress appropriated $2,400,000,000 and Made available $1,200,000,000. The President's Budget proposes
$800,000,000 for later transmlttal.
bThe President will submit a budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 upon enactment of appropriate reform
legislation.
cThls request does not Include $44.331,000 In Budget Authority and $42,200,000 In related outlays for the Federal
Employees Retirement System (FERSi and the pay raise.
dThe obligations In this table are overstated by $300 due to rounding errors when the obligations were
distributed by media.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1987Morky ea rs and1 Rudget.Author1ty
gy^ljfg'^l^ and A^proprTatfonu*
(dollars 1n thousands)
Salar1.es ^Expenses
j,___^
Workyears Amount
Abatement,
Control 8
Compliance
Amount
Research S
Development
Amount
Total
A1r 1,775.0 $82,684.3 $123,183.0 $38,421.8
Water Quality 2,177.0 95,876.7 134,388.9 8,590.0
Drinking Water 758.0 34,076.0 57,463.0 14,031.9
Hazardous Waste 1,481.6 67,168.6 154,377.0 36,587.2
Pesticides R12.7 37,951.1 24,083.1 7,219.7
Radiation 185.2 9,553.4 4,310.6 1,524.9
Interdisciplinary 616.8 29,164.0 6,133.7 2,585.4
£ Toxic Substances 856.1 38,675.3 31,245.7 20,540.9
,L Energy 85.6 5,549.2 ... 53,998.2
1-1 Management and Support... 2,853.7 300,408.4
Subtotal... 11,601.7 $701,107.0 $535,185.0 $202,500.0
LUST Trust Fund ... ... ... ...
Buildings and Facilities ... ... ... ...
Reimbursements ... ... ... ...
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund ... ... ... ...
Advances to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund ... .... ... ...
Subtotal 11,601.7 $701,107.0 $535,185.0 $202,500.0
Construction Grants... ... ...
Total
Horkyears.
1,775.0
2,177.0
758.0
1,481.6
812.7
185.2
616.8
856.1
85.6
2,853.7
Amount
$244,289.1
238,855.6
105,570.9
258,132.8
69,253.9
15,388.9
56,883.1
90,461.9
59,547.4
300,408.4
25,000,0
5,000.0
Total 11,601.7 $701,107.0 $535,185.0
$202,500.0
11,601.7 $1,438,792.0
85.0
* * *
62.0
2,416.0 1,123,108.6
(200,000.0)
14,164.7 $2,591,900.6
... 1,200,000.0
14,164.7 $3,791,900.6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1988 Workyears and Budget Authority
INS
Air........ .........
Water Qua! 1 ty ..................
Drlnklnci Water...... ............
Pest 1 c1 des ,
Building and Facilities.........
Hazardous Substance Response
Salaries
Total
Horkyears
... 1,765.7
... 2,124.6
757.7
... 1,485.4
818.2
166.7
602.2
839.6
82.6
... 2,822.0
... 11,459.7
Advances to the Hazardous Substance
... 11,459.7
By Media and
(dollars 1n
& Expenses
Amount
$85,304.0
97,564.3
35,681.8
69,382.0
39,232.3
8,817.4
29,051.6
39,430.7
5,551.5
323,983.5
$733,990.0
* * *
« *
« *
* * *
$733,999.0
Appropriation
thousands )
Abatement,
Control *
Compliance
Amount
$116,224.3
123,436.4
62,863.0
149,255.8
26,443.1
3,810.6
7,349.4
25,702.7
* * *
$515,085.3
* *
*
* *
* *
$515,085.3
Research 8
Devel dpment
Amount
$39,519.4
8,442.2
13,766.2
30,737.2
7,254.1
800.0
18,207.5
17,958.3
53,315.1
« *
$199,000.0
9
* » *
*
*
* * *
$190,000.0
Total
Total
Workyears
1,765.7
2,124.6
752.7
1,485.4
818.2
166.7
602.2
839.6
82.6
2,822.0
Amount
$241,047.7
229,442.9
112,311.0
249,375.0
72,929.4
13.428..0
54,608.5
83,091.7
58,866.6
323,983.5
11,459.7 $1,439,084.3
85.0
* *
62.0
2,716.0 1,200,000.0
$...
6,000.0
Total 11,459.7 $733,999.0 $515,085.3
$190,000.0
14,322.7 $2,645,084.3
2,000,000.0
14,322.7 $4,645,084.3
-------
EWIROWENTAL PROTECT ION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources
(In thousands of dollars)
ACTUAL
1986
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
ESTIMATE
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 vs 1987
£Ii $95,827.7 195.000.0 $95.000.0
Section 105.,,...,.,......... 9M2T.7 95,000,0 95.0W.O
t'ATER QUALITY 66,888.2 66,600.0 62,100.0
Section 106......... 6?,T03.Y 62,100.0 62,100.0
Clean Lakes. 4,785.0 4,500.0
PRINKING HATER 39,236.5 45,550.0 50,950.0
Pitollc Hater Systems
Program Grants............. 28,215.4 33,450,0 33,450.0
Underground Injection
Control Program 8,778.0 9,500.0 9,500.0
Special Studies * Demos 2,243.1 2,600.0
Wellhead Protection ... ... 8,000.0
HAZARDOUS HASTE 65.664.5 72,700.0 72.700.0
Hazardous Haste Management... 5^,756.4 66,000.0 66,000.0
Hazardous Haste Initiative... 3,378.fi ... ...
Hazardous Haste Compliance...
Underground Storage Tanks.... 6,529.5 6,700.0 6,700.0
PESTICIDES 11.819.4 11,203.4 12.703.4
Pesticides Enf. Grants 9,304.1 d,703.4 8,703.4
Pesticides Cert. * Training.. 2,515.3 2,500.0 4,000.0
TOXICS SUBSTANCES 2.119.1 2,200.0 2.200.0
foxlcs Enf. Grants 2,IP.i 2,200.0 2,200.0
SUBTOTAL..... S?81,555,4 $293',253.4 $295,653.4
-4,500.0
-4,"5*6o.O
t5.400.0
-2,600.0
+8,000.0
+1.500.0
+1',500.0
+$2,400.0
-------
EWIROWEWTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources
(In thousands of dollars)
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1986 1987
ESTIMATE
1988
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1988 vs 1987
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS. 2,104,809.1 2,000,000.0 a/ 2,000,000.0 b/ +800,000.0
TOTAL $2,386,364.5 $1,493,253.4 $2,295,653.4 +$802,400.0
a/ Congress appropriated $2,400,000,000 and made available $1,200,000,000. The President's Budget
proposes $800,000,000 for later transmlttal-.
b/ A budget amendment for $2,000,000,000 will be submitted once appropriate reform legislation 1s
j/> enacted.
-------
t/t
*
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of of State Grant Budget Authority
Part I: 1971 - 1976
(in thousands of dollars)
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
AIR
Section 175. ................
HATER QUALITY
Section 106
DRINKING HATER
Underground Injection. ......
Special Studies S Demos
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Haste Hanagement..
$30,200
30,200
10,000
10,000
* * «
« » *
1,629
* * *
1,629
* *
$42,900
42 ,900
15,000
15,000
* *
* <*
2,545
* *
2,545
* *
$50,000
50 ,000
70,000
20,000
50,000 If
* » *
* * *
3,250
* * *
3,250
* * *
$50,000
50,000
150,000
50,000
100,000 If
* » *
* * *
* * *
* » *
* «
$55,268
55,268
199,625
45,625
150,000 If
4,000
» *
« *
« * *
* * *
* * *
$51,518
51,518
112,375
44,375
53,000
15,000
10,000
7,500
2,500
* *
1,800
1,800
'*
Hazardous Haste Initiative.. ... ... ... ...
Hazardous Haste Compliance.* ... ... ... ** **
, Underground Storage Tanks... ... ... ... «»
PESTICIDES ... ... ... ... ." ".
PesffcWes Enf. Grants. ... ... .»» »» «
pesticides Cert. & Training. ... ... ... * * *
TOXICS SUBSTANCES ^i-:j_.:.. ..... ... .». _ --
Toxics Enf. Grants.......... ... ... « «*
TOTAL $41.829 $60,445 $123.250 $200,000 $254,893 $175,693
]/ CONTRACT AUTHORITY
* Pesticides certification and training data for these years 1s unavailable.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of of State Grant Budget AuthoHty
AIR
Section 105..
WATER QUALITY
Section 106....
Section 208
DRINKING MATER
Special Studies & Demos....,
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Waste Management..
Hazardous Waste Initiative..
Hazardous Waste Compliance,.
Underground Storage Tanks...
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Cert. & Training,
TOXICS SUBSTANCES
TOTAL
Pai
(In 1
1977
$55,550
!>5\550
80,000
50 ,000
15,000
15,000
20,000
15 ,000
5,000
2,925
« * *
2,925
* 9
* *
* *
1,000
1,000
*
...
$159,475
ft II: 1977
thousands of
1978
$66,135
66,135
128,110
52 ,400
59 ,509
16,201
27,110
20,500
6,000
610
1
14,304
14,304
«
* » *
« «
7,280
5,000
2,280
* * *
$242,939
- 1982
dollars)
1979
$130,025
80,025
50,000
108,003
52,400
41 ,028
14,575
36 ,270
26 ,400
7,600
2,270
44,886
15,018
15,150
14,718
*
* * *
* * *
13,052
9,538
3,514
* * *
$332,236
1980
$82,800
82,800
101,230
48,750
37,500
15,000
34,745
29,450
4,395
900
38,600
18,600
10,000
10,000
« *
* O 0
* *
12,393
8,750
3,643
*
$269,768
1981 1982
$87.673 $87.735
87,673 87,735
« a A * t
95.696 60,200
51,223 51,200
33,473
11,000 9,000
37,598 37.848
29,450 29,450
?* Underground Injection 5,000 6,000 7,600 4,395 6,648 6,575
1,500 1,823
* * « *
38.570 41.700
26,487 41,700
8,083
4,000
10,972 11.202
87320 8~76l2
2,952 2,570
1,000 500
1 ,000 500
$271 .509 $239,185
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of of State Grant Budget Authority
AIR
Section 105......
Section 175......
WATER QUALITY
Section 106. .............. i .
Section 208............
PR1NKIKG HATER
Special "Studies & Demos.....
Hel 1 head Protection .........
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Haste Management..
Hazardous Haste Initiative..
Hazardous Haste Compliance..
Underground Storage Tanks...
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Cert. 8 Training.
TOXICS SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enf. Grants
TOTAL
P!
(In
1983
$85,050
85,050
57 ,200
54,200
3,000
36 ,425
27 ,450
7,075
1,900
44,068
44,068
* * *
v * #
* * *
10,718
8,718
2,000
* » *
* *
$233,461
irt III; 1«
thousands c
1984
$87 ,684
87 ,684
59,259
54.259
5,000
36 ,850
27 ,450
7,500
1,900
46,850
46,850
* *
* *
* K *
10,860
8,703
2,157
500
500
$242,003
183 - 1988
jf dollars)
1985
$90,937
* *fft fflFf
*
66,299
6i ,2"99
5,000
.39,050
28,450
* 8,500
2,100
57,145
46,970
5,175
5,000
* *
12,321
9,717
2,604
1,500
1,500
$267 ,252
1986
$95,657
95,657
66,889
62 ,f 04
4,785
39,169
28,219
8,701
2,?49
66,751
55,506
4,546
6,699
11 ,806
9,304
2,502
2,261
2,261
$282,533
1987
Current 1988
Estimate Estimate
$95.000
95,000
66,600
62,100
4,50*0
45.550
33,450
9,500
2,500
72,700
66,000
6,700
11 ,203
2,500
2,200
2,200
$293,253
$95,000
95,000
62.100
62,100
50.950
33,450
9,500
8,000
72,700
66,000
6,700
12,703
8,703
4,000
2,000
2,onn
$295.653
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions_By Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
in
r
H->
00
Grades
Executive Level II...
Executive Level III
Executive Level IV,....
Executive Level V..............................
Subtotal...
ES-6...
ES-5
ES-4.....
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal
GS-16
GS/GM-15...*
GS/uM-1 *»,».e>o.«t>>.<>»»>>«<»»«<<>«<
GS/GH-13.
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10........
GS-9
GS-P
GS-7,
GS-6
GS-P
6S-4
GS-3...
GS-? ..
GS-1
Subtot al
Actual
1986
1
1
9
1
12
4
32
79
64
21
3
' 203
11
593
1,241
1,844
1,947
957
69
741
192
831
510
645
287
81
2
Current
Estimate
1987
1
1
10
1
13
4
37
90
73
24
3
231
11
609
1,270
1,888
1,997
1,009
72
760
198
845
527
640
292
81
2
Estimate
1988
1
1
10
1
13
37
90
73
24
3
231
11
601
1,254
1,864
1,972
996
72
751
195
833
520
631
289
80
2
9,951
10,201
10,071
-------
Grades
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade, $31,907 to $55,120..
Senior grade 05 $25,517 to $44,971 ,
Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606....,..,......,
Assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531
Subtotal ,,,.,
Positions established by act of November 16, 1977
(42 U.S.C. 201) compensation for which 1s not to
exceed the maximum rate payable for a 6S-18
Ungraded.
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS..
Actual
1986
64
101
39
7
211
12
64
10,433
Current
Estimate
1987
65
101
39
7
212
11
66
10,734
Estimate
1988
65
101
39
7
212
11
65
10,603
>
-------
'3*
Grades
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Actual
1986
ES-5
ES-4
IS-3 . .
ES-2 ,
Subtotal
GS/GM-15... ,
GS/6M-14
GS/GM-13 ,
GS-12
6S-11 ...
GS-10
6S-9.,..........
GS-8
GS-7.
GS-6
GS-5; ........
GS-4
GS-3 ,
GS-2
6S-1 ,
Subtotal
2
4
6
2
14
49
124
251
377
170
1
137
11
102
40
10S
55
14
Current
Estimate
1987
3
5
7
3
18
61
190
383
578
268
2
202
16
144
74
157
86
18
2
Estimate
1988
3
5
7
3
18
69
214
431
650
301
2
227
18
162
84
177
97
20
1,436
2,181
2,454
-------
Grades
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974
(42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade, $31,907 to $S5,120....
Senior grade 05, $25,517 to $44,971
Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606.....
Assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531..........
Actual
1986
5
6
7
2
20
Current
Estimate
1987
5
7
6
3
21
Estimate
1988
5
7
6
3
21
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS.
1,238
1,556
1,556
-------
in
=r
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Posit? ons By Grade .
REIMBURSABLES
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
Grades
6S/GH-15
6S/GM-14..
SS/GH-13
6S-12
GS-11
GS-10......
GS-9......
GS-8
SS-7.. .........
GS-6., , .,
GS-5
Subtotal.
Posltiors established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06, $31,907 to $55,120.
Senlcr grade 05, $21,510 to 44,971....
Subtotal...........
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Actual
1986
2
1
1
9
8
3
7
3
6
2
5
47
7
2
Current
Estimate
1987
2
1
1
10
8
3
8
3
7
3
6
52
7
2
Estimate
1988
2
1
1
8
8
3
7
3
6
2
5
46
7
2
9
1
57
62
56
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade and Salary
Appropriate on/Pay Plan
Salaries and Expenses
Average ES Salary
Average GS/SH Grade
Aw rage 6S/SH Salary
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions
Revolving Fund
Average us/BM Grade
Avprage 6S/GH Salary
Super fund .
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions
Relmbursables
Average GS/GH Grade
Average GS/GH Salary
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions
TOTAL
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions
1986
Actuals
$67,657
10.380
$33,283
$22,561
$6,850
9.010
$26,996
$13,570
$67,627
10.340
$32,959
$22,452
1987
Current
Estimate
$69,173
10.380
$34,014
$22,561
$6,850
9.010
$27,589
$13,570
$69,112
10.340
$33,683
$22,452
1988
President's
Budget
$69,687
10.380
$34.281
$22,561
10.380
$32,283
$67,194
10.150
$30,962 '
10.380
$34,014
$68,669
. 10.150
$31,642
10.380
$34,281
$69,210
10.150
$31,613
$6,850
9.010
$27,806
$13,570
$69,656
10.340
$33,948
$22,452
* Average Salary of Ungraded positions Includes AD, ED, EF, EH, El, and EX pay plans.
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