U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY 1992 CONGRESSIONAL JUSTIFICATION DOCUMENT - ERRATA SHEET
Page 1-1, Budget Summary, the operating programs subtotals are
incorrect.
Page 16r4, Special Analyses, the operating programs subtotals are
incorrect.
Correct subtotals: „ Increase/
Current decrease
Actual Enacted Estimate Request 1992 Req. vs
1990 ,_ 1991 1991 199Z Current 1991
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority $1.938.220.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,476,705.0 $ 163,580.0
Obligations 1,947,947,2 2,319,453.0 2,319.453.0 2,475,233.0 155,780.0
Outlays 1,742,212.0 2,127,422.0 2,127,422.0 2,288,711.0 161,289.0
Permanent Vorkyear« 11,036.5 12,616.3 12,616.3 13,519.3 903.0
Total Worky*ars......... 11,648.9 12,911.4 12,911.4 13,519.3 607.9
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUBJECT INDEX . 1
SUMMARY 1-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research .... ..... . ......... .... 2-9
Scientific Assessment ..... ........... ..... 2-19
Monitoring Systems, Characterization, and Quality Assurance . . ' 2-21
Health Effects ...... ........... . ...... 2-25
Environmental Engineering and Technology ...... ..... 2-27
Environmental Processes and Effects .............. 2-29
Characterization, Transport and Fate ....... ...... 2-30
Stratospheric Modification ....... ...... ..... 2-31
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards ..... 2-33
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment .... ..... 2-35
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules ....... 2-37
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy ..... . . 2-42
Mobile Source Program Implementation ............. 2-44
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-45
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support ....... . • 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance ...... ....... 2-48
State Programs Resource Assistance ..... . .......... 2-51
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-52
Training .................... , ...... 2-55
Air Quality Management Implementation .............. 2-57
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment .... ........ 2-61
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ...... . ......... 2-62
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-64
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs .... ........... 2-68
Acid Rain Program ...... ..... . ........... 2-69
Indoor Air Program ..... .... ...... ....... 2-71
Global Change Program ............... . ..... 2-72
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement .. .......... ...... 2-76
Mobile Source Enforcement ............... ..... 2-81
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research ............ ..... ..... 3-11
Scientific Assessment ........ ...... ....... 3-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ........... 3-16
Health Effects ............. ..... . ..... 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 3-17
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Table of ContentB
(Continued)
Page
Environmental Processes and Effacts ...... 3-19
Great Lakes Research 3-21
Oil Spills ......... ............ 3-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management .* ** 3-24
Water Quality Management ...... . 3-25
Great Lakes Program 3-27
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-30
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs . . , .......... 3-36
Clean Lakes Program ...................... 3-37
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) ..... 3-38
Water Quality Strategies Implementation ... ... 3-41
Wetlands Protection ............... 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program .... 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Oil Spills Program 3-49
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention ........ 3-50
Standards and Regulations ................... 3-52
Nonpoint Source Management Grants . 3-54
Nonpoint source Implementation ...... 3-56
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-58
Coastal Environment Management ................ 3-59
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Source Control 3-64
Municipal Pollution Control .. 3-65
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance . 3-67
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-69
Water Quality Permit Issuance ..... .... 3-73
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research ........ 4-8
Scientific Assessment .... .......... 4-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-13
Health Effects ...,....."*... 4-14
Environmental Engineering and Technology .... 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects .... 4-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-19
Criteria, standards .and Guidelines ... 4-20
Drinking Water Implementation .......... 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance . 4-26
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants ........ 4-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-29
Special Studies and Demonstrations ...............' 4-32
Drinking Water Management ........... 4-34
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance ...... 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program .. . 4-37
Ground-Water Protection 4-41
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement ... .... 4-46
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fable of Contents
(Continued)
HA2ARDOOS WASTE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research ........... .... 5-8
Scientific Assessment ...... . 5-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . 5-17
Health Effects . , 5-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 5-20
Environmental Processes and Effects .. 5-23
Technical Information and Liaison ....... .. 5-25
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research . . 5-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies ...... 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-29
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation . . . 5-31
-Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water .... 5-32
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-34
Financial Assistance . . . . 5-37
Hazardous Haste Management Financial Assistance to States . . . 5-38
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants ............ 5-40
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-42
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III . 5-46
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement .. 5-51
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-9
Scientific Assessment .... ..... 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . 6-15
Health Effects ,-.- 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects ...... 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology , 6-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances . 6-20
Generic Chemical Review 6-24
Pesticides Program Implementation ..... 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants . . 6-32
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement .... ..... 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants ..... ...... 6-37
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research .... .......... 7-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . . 7-10
Health Effects . 7-11
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 7-12
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines ...... 7-14
Radiation Program Implementation » 7-18
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment ... 7-21
Radon Action Program ............ ...... 7-25
Radon Action Program Implementation ............... 7-30
Radon State Grant Program 7-33
MULTIMEDIA. 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research ....... ... 8-5
Scientific Assessment . ...... 8-15
Quality Assurance Management . ..... 8-17
Technical Information and Liaison .... 8-18
Environmental Processes and Effects ... 8-20
Health Effects 8-21
Interdisciplinary Activities ... 8-21
Ecological Status and Trends .. ......... 8-23
Core Research - Ecological Risk. ......... . 8-23
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessments . . 8-25
Human Exposure ...... 8-25
Core Research - Health Risk .................. 8-25
Core Research - Risk Reduction ....... 8-27
Exploratory Research . ..... 8-29
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-29
Capital Investments .......... ..... 8-31
Headquarters Operations 8-31
Field Operations . . , 8-32
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination . B-33
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management .... 8-38
Multimedia Training Grants ... 8-41
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support . .... 8-43
Enforcement Policy and Operations ... 8-45
Criminal Investigations Program ...'......... 8-51
Technical Support 8-54
Federal Facilities Enforcement ..... 8-56
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research ..... 9-8
Scientific Assessment 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-18
Health Effects ; 9-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . 9-21
Environmental Processes and Effects .. 9-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance ......... 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants .» 9-25
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-26
Chemical Testing 9-28
Existing Chemical Review 9-30
New Chemical Review » 9-32
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Eage
Asbestos-in-Buildings ........ 9-34
Regional Toxics Program .................... 9-
36 OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know ....... 9-38
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement ,... 9-42
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants .............. 9-45
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-46
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Energy Research , 10-4
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 10-9
MANAGEMENT AMP S.PPFQRT • 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation ...... 11-9
Program Management - Water . 11-9
Program Management - Enforcement ........ 11-10
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances ..... 11-11
Program Management - General Counsel ............. 11-12
Program Management - Research and Development ......... 11-12
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response .... 11-13
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices .......... 11-15
immediate Office of the Administrator ........ 11-18
Office of Regional Operations and .State/Local Relations .... 11-19
Office of Executive Support ......... . . 11-19
Administrator's Representation Fund ". , . * 11-20
Office of Civil Rights . 11-21
Science Advisory ioard .................... 11-22
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-23
Office of Small and Disadvantages! Business Utilization «... 11-23
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs ... 11-24
Office of Communications and Public Affairs ..... 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-27
Office of inspector General ...... 11-28
Office of General Counsel *. ...... 11-31
Office of General Counsel ........... 11-32
Office of International Activities ................ 11-34
Office of International Activities ..... . . 11-35
Office of Federal Activities ........ 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation .... ... 11-41
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation ..... 11-44
Integrated Environmental Management Program .......... 11-45
Office of Policy Analysis .............. 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation . 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention ................ 11-51
Pollution Prevention Program (Grants) ............. 11-53
Office of Administration and Resources Management ........ 11-55
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Program Management-Administration .. ........ 11-58
Financial Management - Headquarters ...... . 11-59
Office of the Comptroller . 11-60
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters . . 11-61
Organization and Health Services ............... 11-62
Facilities and Management Services . 11-63
Information Systems and Services .......... 11-64
Human Resources Management ............ 11-65
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management .« ..... .... 11-67
Resource Management - Regions ................. 11-69
Financial Management - Regions .... ..... 11-69
Human Resources Management - Regions ............. 11-70
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions ..... 11-71
Administrative Management - Regions ... .... 11-72
Regional Management ........ 11-72
Regional Counsel 11-73
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions .......... 11-74
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs ................. . . 11-76
Professional Training ............ 11-78
Nationwide Support Services 11-79
Headquarters Support Services .......... 11-79
Regional Support Services .... 11-80
Automated Data Processing Support Costs ...... 11—81
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-82
Lab Support - Air and Radiation ................ 11-82
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances ... 11-83
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-3
New Facilities 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12-4
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds 13-1
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research - 14-8
Scientific Assessment ..... 14-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . . 14-17
Health Effects ........... ... 14-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology .... 14-19
Environmental Processes and Effects .... 14-21
Exploratory Research , 14-22
Technical Information and Liaison ......... 14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response ...... 14-26
Hazardous Spill and Site Response ...... 14-27
Hazardous Substance Response - Support ........ 14-39
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water ........ 14-40
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-43
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency .. 14-4E
Department of Health and Human Services 14-46
Department .of Justice 14-48
United States Coast Guard . . .......... 14-49
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ........ 14-50
Department of the Interior .................. 14-51
Federal Emergency Management Agency. .............. 14-52
Occupational Safety and Health Administration ......... 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement ... ,. 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement ... 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement .............. 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-61
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement . 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement ...... 14-64
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-68
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-72
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions ...... 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-75
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services — Headquarters ...... 14-77
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions ........ 14-77
Hazardous Substance Computer Services .. ...... 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the inspector General ..... 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance — Office of the Comptroller . 14-83
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Management and Support 14-85
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGETANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support ............ .. 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . . 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation ........... 15-8
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support ...... .... 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation '.,.......,... 15-15
Administrative Management - Headquarters ........... 15-16
Administrative Management - Regions .............. 15-16
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel , . . . . 15-17
LUST - Office of the Inspector General ...... 15-17
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Tab10 cf Contents
(Continued)
Page
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 16-1
1PA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 16-2
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY APPROPRIATION 16-3
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY MEDIA 16-6
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION 16-10
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION . 16-15
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY 16-22
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANT RESOURCES 16-23
AGENCY USER FEES . 17-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Subject Index by Media
Page
Acid Aerosols ,....' 2-25,26
Acid Deposition 2-21,22,24,27;10-7
Acid Rain 2-2,4,5,7,10,24,
37,38,40,52,53,70
69,70,78;ll-46,49
Air Quality Monitoring ' 2-21,22,23,30
ADVACATE 2-27,28
Air Toxics 2-3,4,6,35,36,37,45,
46,52,53,58,59,63,
64,78
Alternative Fuel " 2-6,49,54
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ... 2-2,3,40,41,58,62,
63,65
Clean Fuels 2-3,5,45,47
Clean Vehicles .......... 2-2,5
Compliance Monitoring Inspections .... 2-78
Control Technology Guideline (CTG) 2-3,36
Consulting Services - Air ,. 2-7
Energy Conservation 2-74
Enforcement - Air 2-75
Fees - Air :...*. 2-5,35,44,70
Fuel Economy 2-44,48,49,50
Global Climate Change . . . 2-6,31,32,72,74,75;
11-46,48
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-26
Indoor Air 2-20,21,23,25,26,28,
71
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air - 2-3,44,45,49,52
In-use Emission Factors 2-46
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) ..... 2-3,5
Methane Emissions ..... 2-75
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-82
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-21,23,26,27,44
Montreal Protocol 2-2,5,31,39,73,74,75
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-48
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-20,24,25,29,39,40,
52,58,64
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz. Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-23,39,77
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) . . . 2-12; 8-12,13,26
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-3,19,22,39,54,77
Ozone ......... . ... 2-2,6,23,25,26,30,31,
32,36,37,41,40,52,
58,62,63,65,77
Particulate Matter (PM-10) ..... 2-2,3,6,20,37,40,41,
52,58,76
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) ..... 2-41,54
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) .... 2-28,54
State Grants - Air 2-52
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-2,22,27,40,41,47,
52,58,59,63,77
State Operating Permits ..... ... 2-2,4,5,40,52,64,78
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-77
Stratospheric Ozone 2-2,5,13,19,31,32
Tampering and Fuel Switching . 2-48,82,83,84
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Subject , Index ,by, Media.
(Continued)
Page
WATER QUALITY
Alaska Oil Spill • 3-23,49,50
Bioasaessment ........ ........ 3-61
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-~30,31
.Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-30
clean Lakes 3-37
Coastal Environment Management 3-59,60,61
Construction Grants Management .... 3-64,65,66,67;
13-2,3,4,5,6
.Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) . 3-38,39,40
Corps of Engineers ........... 3-43,45,48
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Effluent Guidelines 3-33,34,35
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-50,51,52
Enforcement - Water Quality ..... 3-70,71,72
Great Lakes Program . . 3-27,28,29,59,60
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel 3-28
Great Lakes Research 3-15,17,21,22;8-23
Gulf of Mexico Initiative ........ 3-60
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-67
Interagency Coastal Initiative ....... 3-59
International Pollution Control Agreements ...... 3-6,48
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 3-14,61
National Estuary Program 3-60
Near Coastal Waters ... 3-59,60,61 ,
New York Bight 3-48,49 j
Nonpoint Sources ... 3-54,62
NPDES Permits 3-17,20,37,38,54,55,
70,74 76
Ocean Dumping Fund . 3-47
Oil Pollution Act , 3-50,51
Oil Spills Research ...... 3-15,19
Operations and Maintenance 3-67,68
Operator Training - Water Quality ... . . 3-66,67,68
Pretreatment .... » ... 3-38,39,66,70,71,
74,76
Sludge Management . 3-34,66,68
State Grants - Water Quality 3-36,37-40,46,54,55
State Revolving Funds . ,.........". 13-2,3,4,5,6
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-29,30,31,34,53,54
Tijuana, International Sewage Treatment Plant 13-3,4,5,6
Wastewater Treatment Compliance . ... 3-70,71,72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-74,75,76
Water Quality Research 3-15,16,17,18,19-23;
11-48
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-17,19,20,21,43,44,
45,46
DRINKING WATER
Class V Wells 4-3,4,30,31,36
Drinking Hater Implementation . . 4-22,23,24,25
Enforcement - Drinking Water -4-46,47,48
Epidemiology (Coliform, etc.) 4-20,24 :,
FIFRA '88 Reregistration 4-21,22 '••'.')
Ground-Water Activities 4-4,12,15,16,17,18,
39,44
10
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Ground-Water Protection Strategies 4-4,29,45
Health Advisories 4-20
Health Effects - Drinking Water 4-14,15
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water . 4-29,30
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-32
National Rural Water Association ........... 4-32
National Pesticides Survey ..... 4-20
Public Water Systems Supervision ^ 4-27,35,36
Rural Community Assistance Programs . . 4-32
Special Studies and Demonstrations . . 4-32,33
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-27
Underground Injection Control . ." 4-24,29,37,38
Wellhead Protection 4-39
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) ..... ... 5-27
BioRemediation ..... . . 5-20,21,23
Chemical Emergency Planning 5-47,48
Clean Air Act - Community Right-to-knpw ........ 5-2,49
Community Right-to-know .... 5-2,47,48
Compliance Inspections 5-38,52-54
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-6
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-16,20,21,22,25,30,
31,33,38,39,52-54
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste . . . 5-52,53,54
Financial Responsibility 5-31
Great Lakes Initiative 5-3,38,52
Hazardous Waste Research 5-8-26
Incineration 5-21,38,43,44
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies . 5-22,23
Land Banning Activities 5-39
Land Disposal : 5-21,22,29,31,39,
53,54
Listing/Delisting ....... S-25,29-31
Medical Waste 5-30,31
Minority Institute—; . 5-26
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-17,19-21
Oil Spill Research ... 5-18,21,24
Permitting - Hazardous Waste 5-3,38,39,43,44
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste 5-29,30-36; 11-47
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) ..... 5-29,31,33,38,52
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste .......... 5-32,33,34
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste . ", .,,.,,,. 5-17,18,19
RCRIS 5-39,44
Regulations Development *• Hazardous Waste . 5-29,30-36
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste 5-31
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste ... 5-16,17,23
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-29
State Authorizations . 5-38,39
State Grants - Hazardous Waste ............. 5-38,39,40
Subtitle D Criteria 5-29,30,31,43
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-47,48-50; 11-47
UIC Requirements (RCRA) 5-32,33,34
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines 5-34,35,36
Underground Storage Tanks Grants ..... 5-40,41
Waste Minimization (RCRA) , 5-25,29
Wood Preserving •. 5-30,52,53
11
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
PESTICIDES
Biotechnology 6—6
Certification and Training . ,. . . , 6-5,31,32,33
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-3,6
Data Call-In 6-23,29
Disposal . ... 6-2,4,26,27,29,37,38
Emergency Exemptions . 6-7,23
Endangered Species ............. 6-3,5,23,27,28,29,31,
32,33,38
Experimental Use Permit 6-22,23
FIFRA '88 6-2,3,25,26,27,28
Food Safety 6-25,26,27,28,29
Ground Water - Pesticides ..... 6-3,4,5,23,27-33,
35,36
Human Exposure Research 6-14,15-19
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water . . * . 6-28
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-33
Neurotoxicology Research . 6-16,17,18,19
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-4,31,32,33
Reregistration 6-2,3,4,5,25,26,27,
28,35,36
Registration Fees 6-25,26,27
Reproduction Toxicology Research 6-15,16
Risk Assessment - Pesticides .............. 6-29
Special Review (RPAR) 6-22,23,24
State Grants - Pesticides 6-32,37
Tolerances 6-3,4,21,22,23,24
Workers Exposed to Pesticides 6-31,32,33,35-38
RADIATION ,
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys. (ERAMS) 7-22
Fees-Radon ............ 7-26
Nevada Nuclear Test Site . , . . * 7-10
Radioactive Waste Standards . 7-15
Radiological Emergency Response Plans 7-15
Radionuclide NESHAPS 7-15,19,22
Radon Action Program .......... 7-25,26
Radon Mitigation Research . 7-12
Radon State Grants 7-34
MULTIMEDIA
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff ......... 8-36
Capital Investments , 8-31
Case Referrals 8-45
Center for Environmental Research - 8-24
Core Research - Ecological Risk ............. 8-23,24,25
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-29,30
Core Research - Health Risk ...... 8-25,26,27
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-27,28,29
Criminal Investigations "8-48
Ecological Trends ..... 8-23,24,25
Enforcement Policy and Operations ... ... 8-45
Environmental Review and Coordination . . 8-33
12
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gubject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page .
Exploratory Research .... 8-29,30
Federal Facility Compliance ... ..... 8-33,56
Health Effects 8-21
Human Exposure Research 8-26,27
Indians Programs ... ..... 8-33
Lead Abatement .................... 8-15
•Legal Enforcement , . . ' 8-43
Litigation 8-43
Interdisciplinary Activities .... 8-25
Multimedia Training Grants . 8-41
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . . . 8-54
National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) .... 8-45
NEPA Compliance Program ..... 8-33
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management .... 8-38
Office of Enforcement 8-33-37,43-58
Operation-Field 8-13,30
Operation Headquarters 8-13,30
Pollution Prevention 8-27,28
Pollution Prosecution Act ... 8-45,46,51,52
Quality Assurance and Monitoring System • 8-17,18
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . . . 8-23,26
Regional Analytic Methods .......... 8-17
Regulatory Support . 8-15,19
Scientific Assessment . 8-15,16,17
Small Business Innovation Research 8-22
Technical Information and Liaison. 8-19
Technology Transfer . 8-18,27
Visiting Scientists Program 8-22
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Adipose Tissue Survey ..... ....... 9-33
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) .... 9-2,25-27,36-38
Asbestos in Public Buildings ........ 9-3,25-27,36-38
Asbestoe-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-25
Asbestos Research ..... 9-21
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-2,25,36
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 9-25-27,36
Biotechnology ...... 9-33,34,35
Biotechnology Research 9-21
Ecological Risk Assessment 9-44
Enforcement - Toxic Substances . . 9-44-46
EPCRA {Emergency Planning & Community Right
to Know Act) -Enforcement ....... 9-2,39-41,47-50
EPCRA - Research Support 9-19,21
EPCRJ. - Toxic Release Inventory ...... 9-4,30-32,40-42,
48-50
Existing Chemical Review . ...... 9-32-34
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 9-34-36
Exposure Assessment Research 9-30,31
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) . . . 9-30,31
Lab/Data Integrity - 9-44-46
Lead - Based Paint Abatement 9-4,32,33
Neurotoxicology Research . 9-4,20
Pollution Prevention ........ 9-3,32,41
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) 9-2-4,32-34,37,38
Premanufacture Notice Fees ......... 9-34,35
Regional Toxics Program . * 9-37
13
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-32-34
SARA Section 110 lexicological Profiles 9-30,31
Significant New Uee Rule (SNUR) 9-34,35
Test Guidelines. 9-30,31
Test Rules 9-5,47-50
ENERGY
Acid Deposition 10-7,8
Acid Rain 10-6,7,8
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) ..... 10-5,7,9,10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency-wide Strategic Plan .............. 11-36,37,52
Environmental Statistics Project ........... 11—49,50
Buildings and Facilities 12-2,4
NEPA Compliance ... 11-36,37
Indian Program -. 11-36,37
International Activities 11-34,35,36
Legal Advice 11-29
Office of Administration and Resource Management . . . 11-58
Office of Federal Activities 11-36,37
Office of General Counsel ............... 11-31,32,33
Pollution Prevention - OPPE . 11-41,42,51,53
Regional Management .... . 11-67,68,69
Regulatory Clusters 11-47,49
Support Costs 11-78
CONSTRUCTIONGRANTS
Active Projects - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants ....... 13-2
Boston Harbor __._ 13-4,6
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Secondary Treatment Initiative ....... 13-2,3,4
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
State Revolving Funds - Construction Grants ...... 13-2,3,4
Tijuana International Treatment Plant 13-2,3,4
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (;104 b) 13-2,3,4
SUPERFUKD
Alternative Technologies . . . ." 14-11,19,22
Biomediation 14-19,20,21,22,24
Consulting Services - Superfund 14-5
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-56,58
Criminal Investigations - Superfund .......... 14-61
Enforcement - Superfund ... 14-3,53,54
Environmental Response Team ..... .14-32
Exploratory Research ...... 14-22,23
Federal Facility Enforcement ... 14-64
Health Research - Superfund .............. 14-4,10,18
Interagency - Superfund ..... 14-3,45
Management - Superfund ...» 14-4,72,85
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
Mining Waste ..... 14-20
Minority Research Program .14-24
Pre-reraedial Program 14-27
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 14-18,29
Remedial Design/Remedial Actions . 14-30
Remedial, Support . , 14-36
Removal Support v •. 14-37
Response Support . 14-15,33
Removal Actions ..../......... 14-2,32
Risk Assessments '. ........ 14-15,16
Office of Inspector General Superfund .......... 14-80
Research and Development - Superfund ......... 14-4,8,15
SITE Program . . . 14-4,11,17-20
SBIR 14-23,24
Support services - Superfund 14-67
University Research Centers 14-11,20,22,23
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGETANK
Consulting Services - LUST 15-3
Cooperative Agreements - LUST ..... 15-2,9,12
Corrective Action - LUST 15-2,8
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-12
Enforcement - LUST 15-2,11,12
Guidelines - LUST 15-9
Management - LUST 15-3,15
Technical Support - LUST 15-3,5,6
USER FEES
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices 17-1
Radon Training and Certification 17-1
Motor Vehicle Testing 17-1
NPDES Permits 17-2
15
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Alphabetic Subject Index
Page
Acid Aerosols . 2-25,26
Acid Deposition . •„ , . . 2-21,22,24,27;10-7
Acid Deposition . 10-7,8
Acid Rain 2-2,4,5,7,10,24,
37,38,40,52,53,70,
69r 78;10-6,7,8?
11-46,49
Active Projects - Construction Grants ......... 13-2,3,4
Adipose Tissue Survey 9—33
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants ....*.. 13—2
ADVACATE. ..... . . . 2-27,28
Agency-wide Strategic Plan . ....... 11-36,37,52
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff ... 8-36
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) ............. 5-27
Air Quality Monitoring ... 2-21,22,23,30
Air Toxics ... ...... 2-3,4,6,35,36,37,45,
46,52,53,58,59,63,
64,78
Alaska Oil Spill . . ....... 3-23,49,50
Alternative Fuel . 2-6,49,54
Alternative Technologies .. 14-11,19,22
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) .... , 9-2,25,36
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-3,25-27,36-38
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) .... 9-2,25-27,36-38
Asbestos Research ....... 9-21
Asbestos Accreditation Programs ........... 9-25-27,36
AsbestoB-in-Schools Loans and Grants ......... 9-25
1
Bioassessment 3-61
Biomediation . .......... 14-19,20,21,22,24
BioRemediation ..«.,..... 5-20,21,23
Biotechnology . ..... 9-33,34,35
Biotechnology Research ..,.. .. 9—21
Biotechnology '.....,... 6-6
Boston Harbor .... 13-4,6
Buildings and Facilities . 12-2,4
C
Capital Investments ............. 8-31
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 2-2,3,40,41,58,62,
63,65
Case Referrals 8-45
Center for Environmental Research ........... 8-24
Certification and Training .... ..... 6-5,31,32,33
Chemical Emergency Planning ...... 5-47,48
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-30
Chesapeake Bay Program ........ 3-30,31
16
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Page
Class V Wells 4-3,4,30,31,36
Clean Air Act - Community Right-to-know 5-2,49
Clean Lakes 3-37
Clean Vehicles 2-2,5
Clean Fuels 2-3,5,45,47
Coastal Environment Management ............ 3—59,60,61
Community Right-to-know ........... 5-2,47,48
Compliance Inspections .......... 5-38,52-54
Compliance Monitoring Inspections ........... 2-78
Construction Grants Management ............ 3-64,65,66,67;
13-2,3,4,5,6
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-6
Consulting Services - Air 2-7
Consulting Services - Pesticides . 6-3,6
Consulting Services - LUST 15-3
Consulting Services - Superfund ............ 14-5
Control Technology Guideline (CTG) ... 2-3,36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106} . 3-38,39,40
Cooperative Agreements - LUST , 15-2,9,12
Core Research - Risk Reduction ............ 8-27,28,29
Core Research -. Health Risk 8-25,26,27
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-23,24,25
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-29,30
Corps of Engineers 3-43,45,48
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-16,20,21,22,25,30,
31,33,38,39,52-54
Corrective Action - LUST 15-2,8
Cost Recovery - Superfund ..... 14—56,58
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-12
Criminal Investigations . 8-48
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-61
fi
Data Call-in 6-2.3,29
Disposal , 6-2,4,26,27,29,37,38
Drinking water Implementation ... 4-22,23,24,25
1
Ecological Risk Assessment 9-44
Ecological Trends 8-23,24,25
Effluent Guidelines ... 3-33,34,35
Emergency Exemptions 6-7,23
Emergency Response - Water Quality . . . 3-50,51,52
Endangered Species 6-3,5,23,27,28,29,31,
32,33,38
Energy Conservation . 2-74
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste ........ 5-52,53,54
Enforcement - Toxic Substances . ..... 9-44-45
Enforcement - Air " 2-75
Enforcement - Water Quality .... , 3-70,71,72
Enforcement - Drinking Water ............. 4-46,47,48
Enforcement Policy and Operations ... 8-45
Enforcement - LUST . ..... 15-2,11,12
Enforcement - Superfund 14-3,53,54
Environmental Statistics Project 11-49,50
Environmental Review and Coordination ... 8-33
17
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Pacre
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys. (ERAMS) 7-22
Environmental Response Team . ....... . ..... 14-32
EPCRA - Toxic Release Inventory ............ 9-4,30-32,40-42,
48-50
EPCRA (Emergency Planning & Community Right
to-Know Act) - Enforcement ... .......... 9-2,39-41,47-50
EPCRA - Research Support ............... 9-19,21
Epidemiology {Coliform, etc.) ....... ...... 4-20,24
Existing Chemical Review ............... 9-32-34
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up ..... , ..... 9-34-36 /
Experimental Use Permit . ............... 6-22,23
Exploratory Research ................ . 8-29,30
Exploratory Research ......*........... 14-22,23
Exposure Assessment Research ............. 9-30,31
Federal Facility Compliance ..... ...... ... 8-33,56
Federal Facility Enforcement ..... . ....... 14-64
Fees - Air ....... . .............. 2-5,35,44,70
Fees-Radon ...................... 7-26
FIFRA '88 ............ .......... 6-2,3,25,26,27,28
FIFRA '88 Reregistration ....... . ....... 4-21,22
Financial Responsibility .... ...... ..... 5-31
Food Safety ...*.... .............. 6-25,26,27,28,29
Fuel Economy . ............ . ..... . . 2-44,48,49,50
G
Global Climate Change . ... ............... 2-6,31,32,72,74,75,-
11-46,48
Great Lakes Initiative ... ............. 5-3,38,52
Great Lakes Program ........ . ..... .... 3-27,28,29,59,60
Great Lakes Research ................. 3-15, 17, 21, 22; 8-23
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel ........ 3-28
Ground Water - Pesticides ............... 6-3,4,5,23,27-33,
35,36
Ground-Water Protection Strategies .... ...... 4-4,29,45
Ground-Water Activities ...... ......... . 4-4,12,15,16,17,18,
39,44
Guidelines - LUST .......... ...... ... 15-9
Gulf of Mexico Initiative . ..... .......... 3-60
H
Hazardous Waste Research ...... . ........ 5-8-26
Health Advisories ..... .............. 4-20
Health 'Effects . . . . ................ 8-21
Health Effects Institute - Air ...... . ..... 2-26
Health Effects - Drinking Water ............ 4-14,15
Health Research - Superfund .............. 14-4,10,18
Human Exposure Research ................ .8-26,27
Human Exposure Research . . .............. 6-14,15-19
18
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Ill-use Emission Factors ;..... 2-46
Incineration ..... 5-21f38,43,44
Indian Tribes - Water Quality ...... 3—67
Indian Program , 11-36,37
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water 4-29,30
Indians Programs 8-33
Indoor Air 2-20,21,23,25,26,28,
71
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-22,23
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-3,44,45,49,52
Interagency Coastal Initiative .... 3-59
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) . . 9-30,31
Interagency — Superfund 14-3,45
Interdisciplinary Activities 8-25
International Pollution Control Agreements ...... 3—6,48
International Activities ..... 11-34,35,36
L
Lab/Data Integrity ... 9-44-46 -
Land Disposal . 5-21,22,29,31,39
53,54
Land Banning Activities 5-39
Lead Abatement 8-15
Lead - Based Paint Abatement 9-4,32,33
Legal Advice 11-29
Legal Enforcement 8-43
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-5,7,9,10
Listing/Deliuting 5-25,29-31
Litigation 8-43
M
Management - LUST 15-3,15
Management - Superfund 14-4,72,85
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 3-14,61
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) 2-3,5
Medical Waste 5-30,31
Methane Emissions ... 2-75
Mining Waste ..... 14-20
Minority Institute .' 5-26
Minority Research Program . 14-24
Mobile Source Enforcement . 2-82
Mobile Source Pollutaits 2-21,23,26,27,44
Montreal Protocol 2-2,5,31,39,73,74,75
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory . . 2-48
Motor Vehicle Testing 17-1
Multimedia Training Grants 8-41
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-17,19-21
19
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Page
N
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-20,24,25,29,39,40,
52,58,64
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz. Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-23,39,77
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . • . 8-54
National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) .... 8-45
National Estuary Program ............'... 3-60
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water . . . . 6-28
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) . . . 2-12; 8-12,13,26
National Pesticides Survey ....... 4-20
National Rural Water Association - 4-32
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ...... 4-32
Near Coastal Waters . . ........ 3-59,60,61
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program ....... 6-33
NEPA Compliance Program ........ 8-33
NEPA Compliance ............ 11-36,37
Neurotoxicology Research ............... 6-16,17,18,19
Neurotoxicology Research ... 9-4,20
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-10
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) ........ 2-3,19,22,39,54,77
New York Bight 3-48,49
Nonpoint Sources ................... 3-54,62
NPDES Permits ..... 3-17,20,37,38,54,55,
54,55,70,74,76,-
17-2
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants ....... 13-2,3,4
Ocean Dumping Fund ... ........ ....... 3-47
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management .... 8-38
Office of Enforcement ...... .......... 8-33-37,43-58
Office of Administration and Resource Management . . . 11-58
Office of General Counsel ... ............ 11-31,32,33
Office of Federal Activities . . ...... ..... 11-36,37
Office of Inspector General Superfund ......... 14-80
Oil Spills Research . . . . ..... . » ....... 3-15,19
Oil Pollution Act . . ......... ....... 3-50,51
Oil Spill Research ......... .,..,.... 5-18,21,24
Operation Headquarters ......... ....... 8-13,30
Operation-Field ........... ......... 8-13,30
Operations and Maintenance ..... ,,......", 3-67,68
operator Training.-- Water Quality ........... 3-66,67,68
Ozone .. . ......... ,. ..... ... ...... 2-2,6,23,25,26,30,31,
32,36,37,40,41,52,
58,62,63,65,77
Particulate Matter (PM-10) , .......... ... 2-2,3,6,20,37,40,41,
52,58,76
Permitting - Hazardous Waste ............. 5-3,38,39,43,44
Pesticide Program Implementation ...... ..... 6-4,31,32,33
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste ......... 5-29,30-36; 11-47
Pollution Prevention - OPPE ... ........... 11-41,42,51,53
Pollution Prevention ............ ..... 8-27,28
Pollution Prosecution Act ..... ....... ... 8-45,46,51,52
20
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Page
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) 5-29,31,33,38,52
Pollution Prevention .... 9-3,32,41
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) 9-2-4,32-34,37,38
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste .......... 5-32,33,34
Pre-remedial Program ................. 14-27
Premanufacture Notice Fees .............. 9-34,35
Pretreatment ......' 3-38,39,66,70,71,
74,76
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) ..... 2-41,54
Public Water Systems Supervision .... 4-27,35,36
Q
Quality Assurance and Monitoring System . . . 8-17,18
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-17,18,19
R
Radioactive Waste Standards 7-15
Radiological Emergency Response Plans ... 7-15
Radionuclide NESHAPS 7-15,19,22
Radon Mitigation Research . . . 7-12
Radon Action Program ..... 7-25,26
Radon State Grants . 7-34
Radon Training and Certification 17-1
RCRIS , , 5-39,44
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) .... 2-28,54
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . , . 8-23,26
Regional Toxics Program ........... 9-37
Regional Management .. 11—67,68,69
Regional Analytic Methods s 8-17
Registration Fees ..... . 6-25,26,27
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste 5-29,30-36
Regulatory Clusters 11-47,49
Regulatory Support ..... 8-15,19
Remedial Design/Remedial Actions 14-30
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ....... 14-18,29
Remedial Support ...... 14-36
Removal Support , 14-37
Removal Actions .......... 14-2,32
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste ......... 5-31
Reproduction Toxicology Research .. . 6-15,16
Reregistration 6-2,3,4,5,25,26,27,
28,35,36
Research and Development - Superfund 14-4,8,15
Response Support -....,.. 14-15,33
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances . . 9-32-34
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste 5-16,17,23
Risk Assessment - Pesticides ..- , 6-29
Risk Assessments 14-15,16
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-32
21
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
Page
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles 9-30,31
SBIH ...... ....... 14-23,24
Scientific Assessment ... 8-15,16,17
Secondary Treatment Initiative ............ 13-2,3,4
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) '. 9-34,35
SITE Program 14-4,11,17-20
Sludge Management 3-34,66,68
Small Business Innovation Research .......... 8-22
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-29
Special Review (RPAR) .....' 6-22,23,24
Special Studies and Demonstrations . . 4-32,33
State Operating Permits ......... 2-2,4,5,40,52,64,78
State Grants - Drinking Water ............. 4-27
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-2,22,27,40,41,47,
52,58,59,63,77
State Revolving Funds .... . 13-2,3,4,5,6
State Grants - Water Quality ....... 3-36,37-40,46,54,55
State Grants - Hazardous Waste .... 5-38,39,40
State Grants - Pesticides ......... 6-32,37
State Grants - Air 2-52
State Authorizations 5-38,39
State Revolving Funds - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Stationary Source Enforcement ... 2-77
Stratospheric Ozone ... 2-2,5,13,19,31,32
Subtitle D Criteria ... 5-29,30,31,43
Support Costs .................... 11-78
Support Services - Superfund ...... . 14-67
I
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-48,82,83,84
Technical Information and Liaison ........... 8-19
Technical Support - LUST 15-3,5,6
Technology Transfer 8-18,27
Test Guidelines .... ........... 9-30,31
Test Rules 9-5,47-50
Tijuana, International Sewage Treatment Plant ..... 13-3,4,5,6
Tijuana International Treatment Plant ......... 13-2,3,4
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-47,48-50; 11-47
Tolerances 6-3,4,21,22,23,24
Toxic Pollutant Controls ; . 3-29,30,31,34,53,54
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices .... 17-1 r
Z
UIC Retirements (RCRA) 5-32,33,34
Underground Storage Tanks — Regulations and Guidelines 5—34,35,36
Underground Injection Control 4-24,29,37,38
Underground Storage Tanks Grants ... 5-40,41
University Research Centers 14-11,20,22,23
V
Visiting Scientists Program ....... . 8-22
22
-------
AlphabeticSubject Index
Page
w
Waste Minimization (RCRA) . 5-25,29
Wastewater Treatment Compliance ............ 3-70,71/72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-74,75,76
Water Quality Research 3-15,16,17,18,19-23;
11-48
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (104 b) ..... 13-2,3,4
Wellhead Protection 4-39
Wetlands (Section 404) .... 3-17,19,20,21,43,44,
Wood Preserving / 5-30,52,53
Workers Exposed to Pesticides 6-31,32,33,35-38
23
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1. Summary
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUMMARY 1-1
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Justification of Appropriations Estimates for the Committee on Appropriations
FISCAL YEAR 1992
BUDGET SUMMARY
The President's 1992 Budget request for the Environmental Protection Agency
totals $6/211,705,000 supported by 17,622 workyears. These resources include
$2,476,705,000 and 13,519 workyears for the Agency's environmental operating
programs; $41,200,000 and 366 workyears for the Inspector General's activities;
$1,750,000,000 and 3,602 workyears for the Superfund program; $85,000,000 and 90
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program; and,
$1,900,000,000 for the Construction Grants program. When compared with the Agency
Total current estimate, the President's request represents an overall increase of
$117,351,800 and 840 total workyears. The following chart provides a summary of
budget authority for EPA's eight appropriations:
Budget Authority
(dollars in thousands)
1991
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1992
President
Request
Increase/
Decrease-
1991 vs. 1992
Salaries &
Expenses....
Office of the
Inapt. General..
Research &
Development...
Abatement,
Control fi Compl.
Buildings &
Facilities...
OPERATING
PROGRAMS
SUBTOTAL...
Hazardous Sub.
Superfund..,.
LUST Trust
Funds...
Construction
Grants....
AGENCY TOTAL
$974,700.0
$37,000.0
$254,900.0
51,006,525.0
$40,000.0
$974,700.0
$37,000.0
$254/900.0
51,006,525.0
$40,000.0
$2,313,125.0 $2,313,125.0
$1,616,228.0 $1,616,228.0
$65,000.2 ' 65,000.2
$2,100,000.0 $2,100,090.0
$5,094,353.2 $6,094,353.2
$1,090,000.0
$41,200.0
$313,000-0
$1,019,505.0
$13,000.0
$115,300.0
$4,200.0
$58,100,0
$12,980.0
$27,000.0
$2,476,705.0 $105,480.0
$1,750,000.0 $133,772.0
$85,000.0 $19,999.8
$1,900,000.0 $200,000.0
$6,211,705.0 $117,351,8
1-1
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APPROPRIATIONSHIGHLIGHTS
The 1992 President's Budget Request for the Environmental Protection Agency
meets the President's commitment to improving environmental protection. The
Agency's budget emphasizes stronger ecological protection by targeting resources
to local ecosystems, specific regional geographic areas, the country's coastal
ecosystems, and the global climate. Resources will be directed at strengthening
the Agency's scientific knowledge base and analytic capabilities in support of
sound policy and management integrity. In 1992, the Agency will also take
several steps to strengthen its efforts toward food safety, and the commitment
to the reduction of lead exposure in the environment. Resources are also
included for environmental literacy to promote a continued effective dialogue on
national environmental issues. The Agency's Superfund program will continue
implementation of the Superfund Management Review, and will focus resources to
oversee the cleanup at Federal facility sites. Also, the Agency's Construction
Grants program will continue the Administration's strong support for
capitalization of State Revolving Funds.
The following briefly describes the 1992 request, the purpose, and the major
changes from the Agency's 1991 estimates for each of EPA'a eight appropriations.
SALARIESANO EXPENSES
The Agency's 1992 request of $1,090,000,000 represents an increase of
$115,300,000 (12%) over the 1991 current estimate for Salaries and Expenses
This appropriation finances all staff costs associated with administering th,
environmental operating programs within the Agency's Regional and Headquarters
operations. The increase in "resources will enable the Agency to continue
expanding the Administration's commitment to protecting human health and the
environment. These resources incorporate all costs exclusive of grant programs
and program-specific contractual agreements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
For 1992 EPA is requesting $313,000,000 for the Research and Development
Appropriation, an increase of $S8,000,000 (23%J over the 1991 current estimate.
this appropriation finances research contracts, grants and agreements with
universities and private industry, as well as in-house activities, to produce the
scientific knowledge and technologies necessary for regulating, preventing and
abating pollution. Increases are provided in 1992 in air research for the 1990
Clean Air Act Amendments and the U.S. Global Climate Change Research Program;
water quality research for the Great Lakes initiative, and wetlands; hazardous
waste research on bio-remediation and municipal solid waste; and to enhance risk-
based media research to strengthen the Agency's research program.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
The Agency is requesting $1,019,505,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of $12,980,000 (1%) over the 1991 current
estimate. This appropriation finances contracts, grants, and cooperative
agreements for pollution abatement, control and compliance activities. The 199.
request includes resources to implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,
continue the wetlands grant program, ground water protection programs, and
1-2
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provide technical assistance and outreach to States and localities. Specific
investments include pollution prevention, the Great Lakes multimedia strategy,
and other strategic investments that will result in significant environmental
returns .
BUILD INGSJkNP FACILITIES
The Agency is requesting $13,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $27,000,000 (€8%) below the 1991
current estimate which is due to the initiation of two one-time projects in 1991.
This appropriation finances the construction of new facilities and the repair,
improvement, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment for facilities which the
Agency currently leases or owns. The requested level will permit the Agency to
continue to ensure healthy and safe working conditions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUNP
This appropriation finances responses at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
and emergency releases of hazardous substances. The President's 1992 Budget
request of $1,750,000,000 for Superfund represents an increase of $133,772,000
(8% ) over the 1991 current estimate. This increase represents & strong and
continued commitment on the part of the Agency to met its responsibilities to
protect human health and the environment.
In 1992, the Agency will emphasize Federally-funded cleanup and support for
greater potentially responsible party (PRP) accountability in final construction
as more sites move to the cleanup stages. Therefore, increased resources will
be dedicated to Response cleanup activities. Increases for the Superfund
Enforcement program will support the continued integration of PRP identification
early in the site cleanup process and a higher number of ongoing court actions.
The Department of Justice will receive $32.3 million to ensure adequate support
the steadily increasing Superfund caseload.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TAMKS r (LUST
The Agency is requesting $85,000,000 in 1992, an increase of $20,000,000
(30%) above the 1991 current estimate. This appropriation established a response
program for the prevention and remediation of releases from leaking underground
petroleum storage tanks. For 1992, the Agency continues to "build state capacity
and partnerships" by providing cooperative agreements to States and territories
to help them develop and implement their own LUST programs.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The 1992 budget request is $1,900,000,000, a decrease of $200,000,000 (9.5%)
below the 1991 current estimate. The 1992 request for Construction Grants
includes the authorized level of $1,800, .000, 000 for domestic waste water
treatment grants and $100,000,000 for the United States share of the
international plant to treat uncontrolled sewage flows from Tijuana, Mexico. This
continues the Administrations ' 3 commitment to the capitalization of state
revolving funds (SRFs). In addition to capitalizing SRFs, the 1992 request calls
for $300 million in grants to bring certain major coastal communities' wastewater
1-3
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treatment'facilities up to a secondary treatment standard* Boston, New York,
Seattle, LOB Angeles and San Diego will each receive grants for 55% of project
costs.
OFFICE Of THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
The Agency is requesting $41,200,000 for the Office of the Inspector
General. Of this amount, $14,954,000 is to be derived from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund, $623,000 from the Leaking Underground storage Tanks Trust
Fund, and $25,623,000 is derived from the General Fund. This represents an
increase of $4,200,000 (11%) above the 1991 current estimate. With this
appropriation the Office of the Inspector General will implement the requirements
of the Chief Financial Officer Act for Inspector General audits of Agency
financial statements and expand audit coverage of Agency contracts. In addition,
the Office of the Inspector General will continue conducting Internal performance
audits, expedite audits of construction grant close outs, and investigate
possible fraud and abuse.
Resources from the Super fund Trust Fund will be used to expand audit
coverage of critical Superfund contracts and investigations of the Contract
Laboratory Program, as well as conduct performance audits and investigations.
The LUST Trust Fund resources will support continued contract and management
audits and provide for expansion of LUST investigations.
1-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Siiimry of Budget Authority,
Obligations. Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Tata I Uorkyears..,,.
864,409.6
860,830.8
836,833.0
10,752.4
11,361,7
974,700.0
974,700.0
921,656.0
12,265.9
12,561.0
974,700.0 $1,090,000.0
974,700.0 1,090,000.0
921,656.0 1,061,889.0
12,265.9
12,561.0
13.153.0
13,153.0
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority........ S
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Uorkyears.
TotaI Uorkyears
30,903.0 $
29,739.9
18,536.0
284.1
287.2
37,000.0
37,000.0
26,322.0
350.4
350.4
37,000.0 S
37,000.0
26,322.0
350.4
350.4
41,200.0
41,200.0
38,954.0
366.3
366.3
229,820.3
229,248.8
213,810.0
254,900.0
252,639.0
252,941.0
254,900.0
252,639.0
252,941.0
$ 313,000.0
311,838.0
276,247.0
Research and Development
Budget Authority S
Obligations...
Out Iays
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Budget Authority S 798,435.1 $1,006,525.0 $1,006,525.0 $1,019,505.0
Obligations 810,572.0 1,007,758.0 1,007,758.0 1,019,195.0
Outlay* 657,897.0 893,481.0 893,481.0 892,941.0
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $ 14,652.0 $ 40,000.0 $ 40,000.0 $ 13,000.0
Obligations 17,555.7 47,356.0 47,356,0 13,000.0
Outlays. 15,136.0 33,022.0 33,022.0 18,680.0
1-5
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Current
Actual Enacted Estimate Request
1990 1991 1991 1992
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAHS
Budget Authority.. $1,938,220.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,476,705,0
Obligations 1,947,947.2 2,319,453.0 2,319,453.0 2,475,233.0
Outlays 1,742,212.0 2.127,422.0 2.127,422.0 2,288,711.0
/
Permanent Workyears 11,036.5 12,616.3 12,616.3 / 13,519.3
Total Uorkyears..,,...... 11,648.9 12,911.4 12,911.4 13,519.3
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority S1,530,228.0 $1,616,228.0 $1,616,228.0 $1,750,000.0
Obligations 1,602,844.3 1,645,398.0 1,645,398.0 1,750,000.0
Outlays 1,143,870.0 1,361,076.0 1,361,076.0 1,513,733.0
Permanent Uorkyears 3,132.7 3,331.3 3,331.3 3,602.3
Total Uorkyears 3,328.0 3,467.2 3,467.2 3,602.3
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority $ 74,097.0 $ 65,000.2 $ 65,000.2 $ 85,000.0
Obligations 74,746.0 68,615.0 68,615.0 85,000.0
Outlays 59,305.0 69,035.0 69,035.0 90,815.0
Permanent Uorkyears 78.3 85.1 85.1 90.4
Total Uorkyears 83.4 90.4 90.4 90.4
Construction Grants
Budget Authority $1.948,029.0 $2,100,000.0 $2,100,000.0 $1,900,000,0
Obligations 2,439,611.9 2,511,000.0 2,511.000.0 1,965,000.0
Outlays 2,289,945.0 2,352,887.0 2,352,887.0 2,194,175.0
Ocean Dumping Fund
Obligations $ 1,365.9 $ 1,420.0 $ 1,420.0 $ 540.0
Permanent Workyears 0.0 11.4 11.4 12.0
Total Uorkyears 0.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 1,000.0 $ 1,200.0 $ 1,200.0 $" 1,200.0
Outlays (447.0) (200.0) (200.0) (200,0)
1-6
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Current
Actual Enacted Estimate Request
1990 1991 1991 1992 -
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0
Outlays 4.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 25,216.5 S 21,866.9 $ 21,866.9 $ 0.0
Outlays (15,471,0) 11,078,0 11,078.0 11,011.0
Permanent Work/ears 139.3 237.0 237.0 326.0
Total Workyears 144.0 238.5 238.5 326,0
Asbestos in schools fund
Outlays $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 S 26,399.0
Reimbursements * S&E
Obligations $ 20,869.0 $ 33,580.0 $ 33,580.0 $ 36,035.0
Permanent Uorkyears 67.3 62.0 62.0 72.0
Total Uorkyears 67.4 62.0 62.0 72.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations $ 4,935.2 $ 3D-.000.0 S 30,000,0 * 30,000.0
Reimbursements - R&D
Obligations $ 4,470.4 $ 5,000.0 S 5,000.0 $ 5,000.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5,490,574.0 $6,094,353.2 $6,094,353.2 $6,211,705.0
Obligations 6,123,006.4 6,637,542.9 6,637,542.9 6,348,018.0
Outlay* , 5,219,418.0 5,921,308.0 5,921,308.0 6,124,654.0
Permanent Uorkyears 14,454.1 16,343.1 16,343.1 17,622.0
Total Workyears 15,271.7 16,781.5 16,781.5 17,622.0
\
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Air
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Sunrary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Uorkyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Budget Authority.,.. S 291,888.8 $ 394,830.2 $ 394,874.3 $ 511,787.8
Obligations 291,142.2 390,292.3 390,336.0 504,642.0
Outlays. 331,039.5 361,695.3 361,736.5 460,917.0
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
1,639.6
1,717.2
1,935.8
1,971.0
1,935.8
1,971.0
2,267.9
2,267.9
Water Quality
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays..
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
$
345
351
270
2
2
,971
,525
,881
,007
,131
.1
.3
.4
.1
.6
$ 418
418
380
2
2
,490
,774
,802
,157
,240
.2 I
.0
.2
.0
.6
418
418
380
2
2
.531
,815
,840
.157
,240
.3
.8
.4
.0
.6
S 412
413
376
2
2
,822.1
,302.0
,419.9
,330.8
,330.8
Drinking Uater
Budget Authority.
Obiigat ions
Outlays.
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
119,281.1 I
119,872.2
110,071.8
683.2
725.0
134,189.0 S
134,037.7
121,473.0
774.4
798.7
134,232.4 S
134,081.0
121,513.4
774.4
798.7
136,148.4
135,929.0
122,210.1
805.4
805.4
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority $ 267,352.0
Obligations 274,115.4
Outlays 234,382.5
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
1,328,9
1,397.3
I
311
312
285
1
1
,019,
,174,
,1
.7
,317.5
,574,
,631.
,6
.8
S 310
312
285
1
1
,989
,145
,290
,574
,631
.6 S
.0
.1
.6
.8
333
334
302
1
1
.735
,326
,619
,660
,660
.0
.0
.2
.0
.0
1-8
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Pesticides
Budget Authority $
Obiigat ions.
Out lays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Uorkyears
Radiation
Budget Authority S
Obiigat ions
Outlays
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears.....
Noise
Budget Authority. - S
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays
Multimedia
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority S
Obligations
Outlays ,
Permanent Uorkyears
Total Uorkyears
Energy
Budget Authority
Obii gat i ons
Out I ays
Actual
1990
104,784.7 S
96,600.4
81,413.9
804.9
838.0
34,438.7 $
34,550.3
• 22,332.3
192.6
202.4
0.0 S
0.0
14.6
124,875.0 $
125,656.7
92,597.3
643.0
683.7
156,205.8 S,
158,950.6
133,472.6
830.6
859.3
33,351.2 S
33,325.1
50,598.1
Enacted
1991
107,594.3 t
106,954.4
98,930.0
860.8
869.7
38,956.0 $
38,680.0
35,967.7
237.1
240.2
0.0 $
0.0
0.0
177,867.9 $
179,273.0
173,348.9
823.7
842.4
167,076.8 S
167,720-9
153,123.0
883.5
895.4
13,621.8 S
13,387.0
13,437.8
Current
Estimate
1991
107,566.8 S
106,927.0
98,904.3
860.8
869.7
38,956.0 $
38,680.0
35,967.6
237.1
240.2
0.0 S
0.0
0.0
177,898.6 S
179,304.0
173,377.5
823.7
842.4
167,091.8 $
167,736.0
153,137.0
883.5
895.4
13,621.8 S
13,387.0
13,437.8
Request
1992
117,063.8
116,052.0
107,800.8
892.7
892.7
39,627.2
40,132.0
36,370.0
241.2
241.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
215,010.0
216,834.0
195,936.8
897.4
897.4
119,287.2
121,151.0
111,554.3
891.9
891.9
13,672.2
13,386.0
12,246.9
1-9
-------
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Uorkyears
Management and Support
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Work/ears.
Total Uorkyears
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays...
Actual
1990
48.5
49.0
435,361.7
434,923.8
395,820.2
2,797.2
2,984.4
14,652.0
17,555.7
15,136.0
Enacted
1991
30.4
30.4
$ 495,798.5
497,121.8
460,600.8
3,250.7
3,302.9
S 40,000.0
47,356.0
33,022.0
Current
Estimate
1991
30.4
30.4
S 495,681.2 S
497,004.0
460,491.6
3.250.7
3,302.9
S 40,000.0 $
47,356.0
33,022.0
Request
1992
30.4
30.4
548,974.3
550,902.0
529,264.0
3,401.3
3,401.3
13,000.0
13,000.0
18,680.0
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority.. $1,540,285.9 $1,629,334.4 51,629,334.4 $1,764,954.0
Obligations. 1,612,573.8 1,658,504.4 1,658,504.4 1,764,954.0
Outlays...... 1,148,321.8 1,370,372.2 1,370,372.2 1,527,837.0
Permanent Uorkyears 3,193.6 3,416.1 3,416.1 3,698.1
Total Workyears 3,389.0 3,552.0 3,552.0 3,698.1
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority .... S 74,097.0 $ 65,575.0 * 65,575.0 $ 85,623.0
Obligations 74,746.0 69,189.8 69,189.8 85,623.0
Outlays 59,305,0 69,442.6 69,442.6 91,403.0
Permanent Workyears 78.3 88.6 88.6 94.9
Total Workyears 83.4 93.9 93.9 94.9
Construction Grants
Budget Authority $1,948,029.0 $2,100,000.0 $2,100,000.0 $1,900,000.0
Obligations 2,439,611.9 2,511,000.0 2,511,000.0 1,965,000.0
Outlays 2,289,945.0 2,352,887.0 2,352,887.0 2,194,175.0
Ocean Dumping Fund
Obligations $ 1,365.9 $ 1,420.0 $ 1,420.0 £ 540.0
Permanent Workyears 0.0 11.4 11.4 12,0
Total yorkyears 0.0 12.0 12,0 12.0
1-10
-------
Current
Actual Enacted Estimate Request
1990 1991 1991 1992
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations % 1,000.0 S 1,200.0 $ 1,200.0 S 1,200.0
Outlays CU7.0) (200.0) (200.0) (200.0)
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $ 0.0 S 10.0 S 10.0 S 10.0
Outlays 4.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Reregistrati on & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations S 25,216.5 X 21,866.9 S 21,866.9 S 0.0
Outlays (15,471.0) 11,078.0 11,078.0 11,011.0
Permanent Workyears 139,3 237.0 237,0 326.0
Total Workyears 144.0 238.5 238.5 326.0
Asbestos in schools fund
Outlays S 0.0 S 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 26,399.0
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations S 20,869.0 S 33,"580.0 * 33,580.0 $ 36,035.0
Permanent Workyears..... 67.3 62.0 62.0 72.0
Total Workyears 67.4 62.0 62.0 72.0
Reimbursements • Superfund
Obligations $ 4,935.2 * 30., 000.0 S 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0
Reimbursements * R&D !
Obligation* t 4,470.4 S 5,000.0 * 5.000.0 * 5,000.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5,490,574.0 S6,094,353.2 $6,094,353.2 $6,211,705.0
Obligations 6,123,006.4 6,637,542.9 6,637,542.9 6,348,018.0
Outlays 5,219,418.0 5,921,308.0 5,921,308.0 , 6,124,654.0
Permanent Workyears 14,454.1 16,343.1 16,343.1 17,622.0
Total Workyears 15,271.7 16,781.5 16,781.5 17,622.0
1-11
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2. Air
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR ' - ' 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research ....... ........... 2-9
Scientific Assessment 2-19
'Monitoring Systems, Characterization, and Quality Assurance . . 2-21
Health Effects , . 2-25
Environmental Engineering and Technology ..... 2-27
Environmental Processes and Effects 2-29
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-30
Stratospheric Modification .... 2-31
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards ..... 2-33
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment ......... 2-35
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules . . 2-37
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-42
Mobile Source Program Implementation . 2-44
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-45
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2—48
State Programs Resource Assistance . ....... 2-51
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-52
Training 2-55
Air Quality Management Implementation ... 2-57
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment . 2-61
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ................ 2-62
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2—64
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs ..... 2-68
Acid Rain Program 2-69
Indoor Air Program 2-71
Global Change Program 2-72
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-76
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-81
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 BECtEASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries t, Expenaes $97,464.5 1114,625.6 $114,669.7 $138,194.5 123,524.8
Abatement Control Hid SH2,769.0 1220,121.7 1220,121.7 1289,796.7 $69,675.0
Compliance
Research C Development 150,908.7 160,082.9 $60,082.9 183,796.6 123,713.7
TOTAL, Afr S291,142.2 (394,830.2 §394,§74.1 $511,787.8 116,9133
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,640.1 1,935.8 1,935.8 2,267.9 332.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS 1,717.7 1,971.0 1,971.0 2,267.9 296.9
OUTLAYS 1331,039.5 $361,695.3 $361,736.5 $460,917.0 $99,180.5
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS ftecutherfzation for the CUan Afr Act expired
September 30, 1981. The Clean Air Act Anenctoients of
1990 reauthorize the Air program at auch SUM aa
•ay be ntceaaary for Fiacal Yeare 1992 through 1998.
2-1
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND. STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program to reduce air pollution
through air quality planning, regulation, enforcement, and research. In November
1990 the President signed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which expanded
requirements and capabilities to clean our nation's air. Enactment of the
amendments and the President's commitment to the environment have created high
public expectations for improving nationwide air quality In the 1990's through
cleaner cars, fuels, factories, and powerplants. This budget request would
provide resources to respond to the public's rising expectations for cleaner air
through the fulfillment of the requirements of the new Clean Air Act. In
implementing the Act, EPA will use not only traditional approaches for
controlling air pollution, but will also strive to harness the power of the
marketplace, encourage local Initiatives, and emphasize pollution prevention.
In addition to carrying out the new Clean Air Act, EPA will expand its efforts
to analyze and address indoor air quality problems.
EPA's goals for 1992 include reducing health and environmental risks
through: (1) further empowering states to attain National Ambient Air Quality
Standards; (2) establishing new clean vehicle and fuel programs; (3) developing
and implementing national air toxic standards; (4) developing state and local
operating, permit and fee programs; (5) setting up a market-based acid rain
emissions trading system; (6) implementing domestic rules and U.S.
responsibilities under the revised Montreal Protocol for reducing stratospheric
ozone depletion; (7) implementing new enforcement authorities and approaches; (8)
increasing technical support to state indoor air programs; and (9) conducting
research to provide strong scientific and- technical bases for regulatory and
nonregulatory programs.
Attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Polluted air creates high health and environmental risks. To protect
health and welfare EPA set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six
pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM-10), lead, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Nonattainment of the standards is most widespread
for the first three pollutants. Today, almost 100 areas in the United States
fail to meet the national health standard for ozone; more than 40 areas fail to
meet the health standards for carbon monoxide; and over 60 areas exceed the
national health standards for PM-10.
The primary mechanisms provided by the Clean Air Act to achieve clean air
standards are state implementation plans and Federal rules and guidance. In 1992
EPA will help states develop expanded, more stringent state implementation plans
that will further reduce pollutant emissions from both stationary and mobile
sources. The Agency will issue guidance for state control strategy
demonstrations, provide states with technical aid and guidance for instituting
or enhancing mobile and stationary source pollution controls, and encourage the
use of market based approaches where appropriate. In 1992 the Agency also will
provide increased grants to states, helping them build their capacity to meet the
expanded requirements and responsibilities of the 1990 Cle.an Air Act amendments.
2-2
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In 1992 EPA will develop national guidelines and standards for major
stationary polluters that emit into the air or cause ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-
10, lead, and sulfur dioxide. To support state efforts to control stationary
sources the Agency will develop control technique guidelines for major pollution
source groups. The Agency will also continue to set new source performance
standards that apply nationwide. The Agency will emphasize pollution prevention
in support of state efforts and development of national standards.
To help states revise their implementation plans to meet new requirements
EPA will expand work on emission inventories, assure quality data, and develop
tracking procedures. Complete and comprehensive emission inventories are key to
the development of sound and enforceable state plans, effective regulations, and
meaningful measures of progress for achieving clean air. Accurate and
comprehensive emission inventories are also integral to the success of new
market-based pollution control approaches.
EPA also will help states upgrade and expand air quality monitoring
systems. States will continue an initiative begun in 1991 to systematically
replace worn-out air quality monitors. Accurate air quality measurements are
essential in developing state plans and evaluating their effectiveness.
EstablishingN_ewr ,plgari Veh 1clesand Fuels Programs
Air pollution from mobile sources accounts for over half of the nationwide
emissions of ozone precursors (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides),
carbon monoxide, and air toxics. Because mobile source emissions account for
such a large percentage of the total air pollution problem, reducing these
emissions holds the greatest potential for cleaning our nation's air.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require significant changes in vehicle
control technologies and fuel types and expansion of state control programs. EPA
and the states will work together to carry out an aggressive mobile source
pollution abatement program. The new Act requires EPA to adopt about 60 new
mobile source rules covering: reformulated gasoline, leaded gasoline, clean
alternative fuels, vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle emission standards, and
state program requirements. States must establish clean fuels programs and new
or enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance programs.
In 1992 the Agency will promulgate rules for clean fuel vehicle programs
and issue standards for vehicles fueled by compressed natural gas. The Agency
will also issue rules to reduce vehicle evaporative emissions and to standardize
vehicle diagnostic systems that identify component failures causing increased
emissions. In addition, EPA will increase support to states for new and enhanced
programs for clean fuels and vehicle inspection and maintenance.
Implementing National Air=J'pxies Standards
According to industry estimates, more than 2.7 billion pounds of toxic
pollutants were emitted into the atmosphere in 1987. These emissions may result
in a variety of adverse health effects including cancer, reproductive effects,
birth defects, and respiratory illness. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
direct EPA to control 189 hazardous air pollutants through technology based
standards over the next 10 years.
2-3
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In 1992 EPA will develop and issue Maximum Achievable Control Technology
-------
In 1992 EPA will promulgate rules requiring continuous emissions
monitoring. The Agency will also publish rules for collecting fees from sources
with sulfur dioxide emissions more than their allowances. In addition, the
Agency will review permit applications and compliance plans for the first phase
of the acid rain program. Finally, the Agency will issue guidance on Federal and
state permit programs, alternative nitrogen oxides emissions rates and averaging,
and application procedures for clean coal technology projects and elective
sources.
Reducing. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
For every one percent drop in the level of stratospheric ozone there will
be an additional million cases of skin cancer. Hie Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990 codify and expand upon the revised Montreal Protocol negotiated to protect
the stratosphere and reduce health and environmental risks. The amendments
establish deadlines for the complete phase-out of two groups of ozone depleting
chemicals.
In 1992 EPA will support international activities for compliance and data
reporting for the Montreal Protocol; develop a list of products that contain
regulated chemicals; and initiate development of rules to ban the import of
these products from countries that are not parties to the Protocol, The Agency
will also take further steps to phase out hydrochlorofluorocarbons, as well as
other ozone depleting chemicals. In addition, the EPA budget request will
provide $20 million in United States support for a multi-lateral fund to help
developing countries shift away from ozone depleting chemicals.
To implement the new Clean Air Act amendments, EPA will collect chemical
production, importation, and use data for regulated chemicals. The Agency will
also review and respond to petitions to speed the phase-out of ozone depleting
chemicals and evaluate requests for exemptions from the phase-out schedule. The
Agency will continue developing regulations for recycling and will operate a
recycling compliance program. In addition, the Agency will enhance its efforts
to ensure that substitutes for ozone depleting chemical are safe and
environmentally acceptable.
Implementing New Enforceraent Authorities
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 restructure, strengthen, and expand
both EPA and state enforcement authority. New types of programs, such as the
allowance program for ozone-depleting chemicals, the market-based acid rain
program, the state operating permit program, and the clean vehicles and fuels
program, will require new approaches to enforcement. EPA will also maintain and
strengthen existing enforcement capabilities to assure compliance with revised
state plans and Federal rules.
In 1992 EPA will help states develop enforceable operating permit, field
.citation, and administrative penalty programs. EPA will also develop compliance
programs to enforce the new chlorofluorocarbon recycling regulation and the
oxygenated fuels and reformulated gasoline requirements. In addition, the Agency
will assure that large utility steam generating units install the continuous
emission monitoring systems needed to accomplish the acid rain program.
2-5
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EPA will continue to shift enforcement activities to areas of highest
potential environmental benefit and stress greater coordination among Regional
and state programs„
Addressing Exposureto Indoor Air
According to a Science Advisory Board report, indoor air pollution
represents one of the most significant public health risks facing the Agency.
In 1992 EPA will begin a national study of indoor air quality in large buildings.
The Agency will also start an inventory of indoor emissions to help consumers
select lower emitting materials and products for the indoor environment.
EPA will enhance the ability of its Regional offices to help states address
indoor air pollution by providing at least one full-time indoor air quality
coordinator per Region. In addition, the Agency will expand the capabilities of
the Regional training center network to include indoor air quality courses.
Conducting: Research to. . Provide a Strong Scientific and Technical Basis for
RegulatoryPrograms
In 1992, the Office of Research and Development will support the Office of
Air and Radiation by providing information on air pollution health and ecological
effects, monitoring methods, models, assessments, emission reduction
technologies, and quality control. Expanded program activities include increased
research on global climate change and work on large building indoor air pollution
reduction techniques.
To carry out the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the
Agency is proposing an enhanced research program covering emissions inventories,
ozone nonattainment, air toxics, mobile srources, and acid deposition. The
research will cover short and long-term needs including ozone and acid aerosol
methods, characterization, and effects; human health effects and characterization
of alternative fuels; development of new air toxics risk assessment methods;
development of control technologies for volatile organic compounds; and the
development of methods and instruments for continuous emissions monitoring and
modeling to support acid deposition implementation.
EPA is a member of the U.S. Global Change Research Program which is
coordinated by the Committee on Environmental Earth Sciences (GEES), EPA's
global change research includes the ability to distinguish between man's impact
on climate and natures variability, and evaluating the direction and magnitude
of feedbacks from the living planet to climate.
Indoor air research will focus on providing information on different
ventilation approaches and other mitigation techniques for improving indoor air
quality. This research will include: chamber and field studies to develop and
test new techniques for building ventilation, including displacement flow
arrangements; and microenvironmental workstations that control ventilation,
temperature, humidity, lighting, and noise. Finally, the research program will
conduct chamber and field studies of gaseous pollutant removal systems.
2-6
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Consulting Services
The Office of Air and Radiation will fund a limited amount of consulting
services in 1992. Section 117 of the Clean Air Act requires consultation with
appropriate advisory committees prior to publishing any New Source Performance
Standard or National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants. The
National Air Pollution Control Techniques Advisory Committee is comprised of
members from industry, environmental groups, academia, and state and local
governments. The committee typically meets three or four times per year to
review the technical basis of Federal emission standards.
A few small management service contracts will be awarded in 1992. The
purpose of these contracts will be to provide specialized expertise in
environmental economics needed to assess the economic impacts and benefits of
various source standards and other regulatory actions. The assessment of
economic impacts and benefits is required by Executive Order 12291.
\\ 2-7'
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AIR
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES _
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals*
Promulgations*
New Source Performance Standards
Source Categories
.Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals**
Promulgations
ACTUAL
1990
6
1
0
62
2
3
NationalEmissionStandards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals** .......
Promulgations
33
7
0
2
Enforcement Actions- Stationary Sources
Inspections .....
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders
Civil Litigation . .
Criminal Litigation .
2,322
406
261
80
10
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
6
1
0
66
2
4
33
7
0
0
2,055
300
207
80
10
ESTIMATE
1992
52
19
39
160
6
0
2
67
3
1
78
158
6
0
2,150
310
199
80
10
60
19
42
100
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1992 VS 1991
-1
+2
+1
+1
-3
+45
+151
+6
+95
+10
-8
Enforcement Actions - Mobile Sources
State and Local Tampering/
Fuel Switching Programs
(Cumulative) ...... 48
Assembly Line Testing
Test Orders 21
Recall Investigations . . 5.1
Notices of Violation
Tampering/Fuel Switching 203
* Revisions or reaffirmations
** New source categories and revisions. NESHAPs include air toxic standards
developed under other regulatory authorities
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated,
+8
+3
-60
2-8
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Eaqe
AIR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research ..... . 2-9
Scientific Assessment ................ 2-19
Monitoring Systems, Characterization, and Quality Assurance . . 2-21
Health Effects ..... .... 2-25
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . 2-27
Environmental Processes and Effects . 2-29
Characterization, Transport and Pate , 2-30
Stratospheric Modification 2-31
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
AIR
Air Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE *
DECREASE •
1992 VS 199!
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Afr
Salaries I Expenses $3,374.2 $3,559.3 $3,559.3
Research I Development $8,083.8 $11,042.3 $11.042.3
TOTAL $11,458.0 $14,601.6 $14,601.6
Scientific Assessment -
Mr
Salaries t Expenses $3,262.9 $3,599.8 $3,606.0 $3,546.8
Research t Development $2,220.9 $3,281.5 $3,281.5 $3,499.6
TOTAL $5,483.8 »6,B81.3 $6,887.5 $7,046.4
Monitoring Systems,
Characterization, And
Quality Assurance - Air
Salaries i Expenses $6.534.2 $5,657.8 $5,664.7 $11,294.2
Research I Development $5,471.7 $6,657.8 $6,657.6 $36,099.2
TOTAL $12,001.9 $12,315.6 $12,322.5 $47,393.4
Health Effects - Air
Salaries t Expenses $7,003.8 $S,861.2 $5,861.2 $6,048.7
Research t Development $16,524.9 $13,228.8 $13,168.8 $13,981.3
TOTAL 123,528.7 $19,090.0 $19,030.0 $20,030.0
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Salaries t Expenses $3,879.2 $3,772.8 $3,787.7 $3,914.6
Research £ Development $4,665,2 $7,544.1 $7,604.1 $6,084.1
TOTAL $8,544.4 $11,316.9 $11,391.8 $9,998.7
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air '
Salaries t Expenses $863.3 $865.1 4865.1 $888.0
Research 1 Development $1,206.1 $1,506.2 $1,506.2 $1,506.2
TOTAL $2,069.4 $2,371.3 $2,371.3 $2,394.2
Stratospheric
Modification Program *
Air
Salaries i Expenses $2,085.3 $3,161.3 $3,178.3 $2,895.6
Research £ Development $12,736.1 $16,822.2 $16,822.2 $22,626.2
TOTAL $14,821,4 $19,983.5 $20,000.5 $25,521.8
TOTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses $27,002.9 $26,477.3 $26,522.3 $28,587.9
Research £ Development $50,908.7 $60,082.9 $60,082.9 $83,796.6
•$3,559.3
-$11,042.3
-$14,601.6
-$59.2
$218.1
$158.9
$5,629.5
$29,441 .4
$35,070.9
$187.5
$812.5
$1,000.0
$126.9
-$1,520.0
-$1,393,1
$22.9
$22.9
-$282.7
$5,804.0
$5,521.3
52,065.6
$23,713.7
Air Research
TOTAL $77,911.6 $86,560.2 $86,605.2 $112,384.5 $25,779.3
2-9
-------
AIR
Air Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Characterization. 53.5 57.0 57.0 -57.0
Transport And Fate *
Air
Scientific Assessment - 46.4 53.4 53.4 51,3 -2.1
Air
Monitoring Systems, 99.3 104.5 104.5 191.5 87.0
Characterization, And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air 100.7 113.0 113.0 113.0 0.0
Environmental 58.8 58.4 58.4 58.4 0.0
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Environmental Processes 14.1 13.8 13.8 13.8 0.0
And Effects - Air
Stratospheric 25.1 42.9 42.9 38.9 -4.0
Modification Program -
Air
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 397.9 443.0 443.0 466.9 23.9
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Characterization. 54.2 57.0 57.0 -57.0
Transport And Fate -
Air
Scientific Assessment - 48.6 53.4 53.4 51.3 -2.1
Air
Monitoring Systems, 99.3 104.5 104.5 191.5 87,0
Characterization, And
Duality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air 109.8 113.0 113.0 113.0 0.0
Environmental 59.4 58.4 58.4 58.4 0,0
Engineering And
Technology - Air
2-10
-------
AIR
Mr Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
EnvironMntal Processes 15.1 13.8 13.8
And Effect! - Air
Stratospheric 26.9 42.9 42.9
Nodiffcation Program -
Air
13.8
38.9
0.0
-4,0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
413.3 443.0 443.0
466.9
Z3.9
2-11
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Principal Outputs
1222.: ° Complete Air Quality Criteria documents for carbon monoxide
and nitrogen oxides (Scientific Assessment).
o Complete final draft of diesel risk assessment document
(Scientific Assessment).
o Complete risk reference concentration (RfC) evaluations for
non-cancer health effects of an additional 40 of the 189 air
toxics listed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
(Scientific Assessment).
o Develop an updated/improved non-cancer health risk assessment
methodology for chronic exposures to air toxics (Scientific
Assessment).
o Continue to provide technical assistance on air toxics
problems to State and local agencies via joint (with OAR) |
operation of the Air Risk Information Support Center
(Scientific Assessment).
o Assessment of indoor bioaerosols (Scientific Assessment).
o Hold a workshop to review results of acid aerosol
intercomparisons and assess adequacy of existing techniques
(Monitoring).
o Report on the impact of concentrations of VOCs and N0)<
emissions on the development of effective regional ozone
control strategies (Monitoring).
o Large building investigation protocol (Monitoring).
o Report on short term concentrations and variability of HAPs in
urban air (Monitoring).
o Status report on HHANES-III cooperative research and
preliminary screening of the spirometry and neurobehavioral
data (Health).
o Completion of the evaluation key health effects from exposure
to methanol in test animals (Health).
o Preliminary evaluation and characterization of chemically
sensitive sub-populations (Health).
2-12
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Evaluation of biomarkers and mechanisms of lung injury
associated with extended exposure to ambient ozone levels
(Health).
Complete the preliminary evaluation of animal models for U-VB-
induced immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to
infection (Health).
Development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model
for predicting dosimetry of selected VOGs in humans (Health).
Hunan sensitivity to gas phase organic chemicals indoors
(Health).
Ventilation design and management strategy for improving
indoor air quality (Engineering).
Interim research results documenting progress to date in
improving area source emissions estimation methodologies
(Engineering).
Assessment of emissions control effectiveness of existing in
place HAP control technologies (Engineering).
Interim research results documenting improved VOC speciation
data (Engineering),
Completion of pollution prevention demonstrations of
alternative coatings in the auto industry and the furniture
industry (Engineering).
Develop new methods for testing the effectiveness of air
cleaners (Engineering).
Develop innovative ventilation techniques and concepts for
improving indoor air quality (Engineering).
Prepare catalogue on emissions from indoor materials,
including emission factors (Engineering).
Complete engineering evaluation and input to Clean Air Act
requirements for recycling of refrigerants from all major
sources (Engineering).
Provide sufficient information to industry to allow them to
make decisions on low ozone depleting and high energy
efficiency home refrigeration systems using non-azeotropic
refrigerant mixtures (Engineering).
Report on national estimates of methane emissions from natural
gas systems (Engineering),
2-13
-------
o Report on evaluation of mitigation techniques for
anthropogenic sources of methane (Engineering).
o Report on initial phase of fuel cell demonstration for
electricity production using landfill methane (Engineering).
o Report on the response of plants to formaldehyde and methanol
contaminated fog (Environmental Processes).
o Interim risk assessment on the current magnitude of ozone
damage to forest species (Environmental Processes).
o Report on effects of UV-B radiation on marine biogeochemical
cycles (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on impact of heterogeneous chemical processes on fate
of CFC substitutes (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on refrigerant recycling program (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Report on alternative home refrigerator/freezer systems
(Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on the nature, extent, and potential clinical relevance
of UV-B-induced immunosuppression in normal human subjects
(Stratospheric Modification).
o Costs and feasibility of alternative terrestrial systems
management options (Stratospheric Modification).
o Technological evaluation of biomass utilization options
(Stratospheric Modification).
o Ecoregion assessments for specific regions (Stratospheric
Modification).
o First generation estimates of the total and net estimate of
carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from high-latitude,
temperate, and topical regions of the globe (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Assessments of climate change impacts on physical biological
properties of freshwaters (Stratospheric Modification).
o National assessment of the .potential by regions for the direct
use of biomass for fuel to supply energy needs (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Global assessment of the current and future emissions of
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane from cookstoves,
and the potential for mitigation (Stratospheric Modification).
2-14
-------
o National assessment of the current .and future emissions of
methane from the natural gas industry (Stratospheric
Modification).
o National assessment on the current and future emissions of
methane from landfills and other waste management facilities
and the potential for mitigation/utilization (Stratospheric
Modification).
1991: o External Review Draft (ERD) of the nitrogen oxides Air Quality
Criteria Document (AQCD) for CASAC review (Scientific
Assessment).
o Model indoor air risk assessment (Scientific Assessment).
o External Review Drafts (ERDs) of the carbon monoxide air
quality criteria documents (AQCDs) for CASAC review
(Scientific Assessment).
o Complete risk reference concentration (RfC) evaluations for
non-cancer health effects of an additional 40 of the 189 air
toxics listed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (Scientific
Assessment).
o Continue to provide technical assistance on air toxics
problems to State and local agencies via joint (with OAR)
operation of the Air Risk Information Support Center
(Scientific Assessment).
o Complete External Review Draft (ERD) of the diesel risk
assessment document (Scientific Assessment).
o Summary report on the control strategy application of the
Regional Oxidant Model for the Regional Oxidant Modeling
Northeast Transport (ROMNET) program (Monitoring).
o Article on source apportionment of mutagenic activity in fine
particle organics identified in Boise, Idaho field study
(Monitoring), '
o Preliminary results of research on the effects of UV-B
radiation on human •immunosuppression (Health).
o Report on response of the human respiratory tract to acute
exposure tp acid aerosols (Health).
o Report on the effects from inhalation of chemical mixtures
found in indoor environments (Health).
o Evaluation of the relationship between mutagenic activity and
carcinogenicity of selective mixtures (Health).
2-15
-------
o Status report cm NHANES-III cooperative research (Health),
o Provide input to SIP emissions inventory preparation guidance
document based on short-term research results (Engineering).
o Report on the development of a secondary combustion woodstove
for reducing particulate emissions to or below the 1990 NSPS
(Engineering).
o Report on bioeontaminant control by humidity control systems,
air cleaners, and biocides (Engineering).
o Report on indoor air pollutant "sinks" (Engineering),
o Report on status of alternatives to halons as fire
extinguishants (Engineering).
o Status report on alternatives for insulation which do not use
CFC's (Engineering).
o Provide engineering infomation to extend the refrigerant
recycling standards from mobile air conditioning and home
refrigerator/freezers (Engineering),
o Report on the development of improved emission factors for
methane for selected anthropogenic sources (Engineering).
o Report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice ecosystems
(Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on the sensitivity of forest regions to global change
(Stratospheric Modification),
o Report on processes that control emissions of radiatively
important trace gases from biosphere (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Report on practical and beneficial techniques for mitigation
of trace gases emissions (Stratospheric Modification).
19Q0: o Report on aerosol sources for the Eastern U.S.
(Characterization).
o Journal article characterizing tailpipe, evaporative and
refueling emissions from gasoline fueled automobiles
(Characterization).
o Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant - Model (ROM) using
analytical test data and new air quality data
(Characterization).
\
V! I'-
•? II 2-16
-------
o Peer review of draft diesel risk assessment document
(Scientific Assessment).
o Provide technical assistance on air toxics problems to State
and local agencies via joint (with OAR) operation of Air Risk
Information Support Center (Scientific Assessment),
o Complete final documents on inorganic phosphorus, hydrogen
cyanide, dimethylamine, and non-carcinogenic effects of
chromium (update to Health Assessment Document) (Scientific
Assessment).
o Complete risk reference concentration (RfC) evaluations for
non-cancer health effects of approximately 25 of the 189 air
toxics listed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (Scientific
Assessment),
o Prepared External Review Drafts (ERD) for the nitrogen oxides
and carbon monoxide air quality criteria documents (AQCDs)
(Scientific Assessment).
o Model indoor air risk assessment (Scientific Assessment).
o Report on Analysis of Eastern US Visibility Data (Monitoring).
o Assessment of the contribution of wood burning and automobile
emissions to the mutagenicity and earcinogenicity of airborne
pollutants (Health).
o Report on the effects froa Inhalation of chemical mixtures
found in indoor environments (Health).
o Characterization of the effects of extended ozone exposure in
humans (Health).
o Report assessing the potential carcinogenicity of combustion
emissions from unvented indoor kerosene heaters (Health).
o Assessment of the contribution of mobile source emissions to
the genotoxicity of ambient urban aerosol mixtures (Health).
o* Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research and
evaluation of field and laboratory test protocol for
spirometry (Health).
o Report on status of alternative refrigerants for home
refrigerators (Engineering).
o Report on retrofit technology for existing woodstoves
(Engineering),
o Report on Boise, Idaho field study of woodstove emissions
(Engineering),
2-17
-------
Research report on biocontaminant control by air cleaners
(Engineering).
Research report summarizing available data on the
effectiveness of air cleaners (Engineering).
Research report on low emission materials and products
(Engineering).
Research report on kerosene heater emissions (Engineering).
Report on the application of conventional particulate control
technology in major areas of concern (Engineering).
Report on area volatile organic compound (VOC) sources and
control options to support the Agency's post-1987 ozone non*
attainment strategy (Engineering).
Report targeting opportunities for mitigation research
(Engineering).
Report on estimation of the relative importance of major
forest types as sources and sinks for radiatively important
trace gases (Stratospheric Modification).
Report on role of photochemistry as a tropospheric source/sink
for trace gases (Stratospheric Modification).
Report on soil microbial processes relating radiatively
important trace gas fluxes and water balance (Stratospheric
Modification).
Report on the effects of UV-B radiation on rice yield
(Stratospheric Modification),
2-18
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AIR
Air Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $112,384,500 supported by 466.9 total
workyears for 1992 an increase of $25,779,300 and 23.9 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $28,587,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $83,796,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, increases
of $2,065,600 and $23,713,700, respectively,
Program Objectives
This research program provides the research and technical support necessary
to enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and information transfer
responsibilities under the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAM) . The goal of the air
research program is to provide the Agency with the scientific data and analyses,
technical support, and quality assurance needed to implement the provisions of
the Clean Air Act Amendments, and other air pollution policies. This research
includes health and ecological effects, monitoring, atmospheric modeling, control
technology development, and scientific assessments.
The air research program provides the scientific data needed to issue and
revise national standards for emissions of criteria air pollutants; supports
issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) through the development of models and monitoring
techniques for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies;
identifies emissions of air pollutants from a variety of sources that are
hazardous to human health but are not already regulated as criteria air
pollutants; evaluates emissions, exposure patterns, and health effects of mobile
source pollutants; and supports the Agency's efforts to inform the public about
hazards associated with indoor air pollutants, and to develop methods to control
air emissions from major sources. ORD provides the necessary data on the effects
of stratospheric ozone depletion and resulting increases in harmful (UV-B)
radiation on humans, plants, and ecosystems; addresses the research needed to
determine the impact and consequences of global climate change, and develop and
test predictive source and sink models for important trace gases; and provides
national baseline data on exposure to pollutants, body burdens, and health
effects.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,046,400 supported by 51,3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,546,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,499,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a minor decrease of $59,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 2.1 total workyears and an increase of $218,100 in the
Research and Development appropriation. The decrease in the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and workyears represents a reprogramming to other priority
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areas. The increase in Research and Development appropriation reflects an
increase in indoor air research.
ORD will complete the revised Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs) for
carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOK) . We will monitor new developments
on acid aerosols and initiate the preparation of an interim assessment report to
support decisionmaking on listings of acid aerosols for NAAQS regulation. ORD
will provide follow-up support toward development of the NAAQS for lead and
ozone, and will prepare an assessment of fine particle-visibility effects to
support the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) .
ORD will develop inhalation References for Doses (RfDs) , cancer unit risks,
improved risk assessment methods for air toxics to support negligible risk and
residual risk determinations including documentation to support health
assessments, and review of listing/delisting petitions. Air Risk Information
Support Center (RISC) activities will include hotline assistance and technical
guidance related to health assessment of hazardous air pollutants.
In support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, ORD will
develop a risk characterization methodology to assess non-cancer health effects
associated with different indoor air pollution exposure scenarios , especially
biocontaminants. This research will commence with a preliminary review of
bioaerosol literature, as well as draft technical manuscripts on airborne
my co toxins and the use of biocides as a mitigation technique. The final document
will contain evaluations and scientific assessments on the health and welfare
effects associated with exposure of different populations to various types,
concentrations , and mixtures of biological pollutants in a variety of indoor
environments. Finally, ORD will evaluate scientific data on environmental
monitoring to provide a better understanding of these pollutants in the indoor
environment .
1.991,
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,887,500 supported by 53.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,606,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,281,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD is revising the criteria documents for carbon monoxide (CO)
and nitrogen oxides (NOX) . Scientists are developing support materials for
revision of the existing 1-hour ozone and NAAQS regulations, and ORD will
determine the need for a NAAQS for acid1 aerosols. ORD is updating data bases on
PH-related research, including research initiated in FY 1989-90 on fine particle
visibility assessment database materials.
ORD conducts health assessments research in support of Title III of the
Clean Air Act Amendments including: completion of Tier I and Health Assessment
Documents (HADs) for HAPs currently in draft;, development of inhalation RfDs for
listed air toxics; development of cancer unit risks for listed air toxics;
development of improved methods to assess health risks; and the development of
documentation to support the health risk elements of regulatory activities.
Research scientists are reviewing the health effects portions of petitions to add
or delete compounds from the list of air toxics. ORD will support the Air Risk
Information Support Center (RISC) whose activities include Hotline assistance and
technical guidance related to health assessment of HAPs.
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In support of the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Flan, ORD will
conduct risk assessments for multiple and non-cancer indoor air pollutants and
a health assessment of biocontaninants found indoors. The Agency will distribute
these assessments, which are based on the results of laboratory studies and
available literature, to other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and
the general public.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,483,800 supported by 46.4 total
workyears for this research program, of which $3,262,900 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,220,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Research scientists completed an ERD of the AQCD for carbon
monoxide, held peer-review workshops for the review of AQCD for nitrogen oxide,
and prepared an issue paper on the health effects of acid aerosols. Other
scientists completed a supplement to AQCD for lead and assessments on ammonia,
hydrogen fluoride, inorganic phosphorous, hydrogen cyanide, dinethylamine, and
hospital waste incineration. ORD updated the HAD on non-cancer effects of
chromium. ORD initiated preparation of approximately 30 RfCs and completed a
risk reference concentration (RfC) evaluation for 9 cancer health effects of
approximately 25 of the 189 air toxics listed in the CAAA. ORD prepared the
first draft of the diesel risk assessment document. In collaboration with OAR,
ORD developed and successfully operated the Air Risk Information Support Center
(Air RISC). Finally, ORD greatly expanded the indoor air bibliographic data base
and its accessibility to the public.
MONITORING SYSTEMS. CHARACTERIZATION.AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,393,400 supported by 191.5 total
workyears for this research program, of which $11,294,200 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $36,099,200 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,629,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $29,441,400 in the Research
and Development appropriation, and an increase of 87.0 total workyears. The
increase in S&E is to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992. The increases represent the merging of the
Characterization, Transport and Fate Program Element for FY 1992, indoor air
research, and the implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The
implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments includes new research for non-
attainment, mobile sources, hazardous air pollutants and acid deposition.
ORD will measure and monitor ozone and acid aerosols. In light of the
evidence supporting the existence of chronic ozone health effects, the Agency is
considering moving from the current 1-hour standard to a new standard with a
longer averaging time. ORD scientists will characterize acid aerosols, broadly
support ongoing epidemiological studies, and investigate acid aerosol formation
and neutralization. ORD will expand existing models and emissions inventories
to cover acid aerosols and related pollutants (i.e., ammonia), and use these
models to estimate Regional exposure. Scientists will evaluate, improve, and
standardize ambient monitoring systems for criteria pollutants including the
field evaluations of automatic monitors. ORD will improve existing personal
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exposure monitoring instruments which can quickly determine peak exposures, ORD
will continue its support on exposure assessment to augment selected
epidemiological studies conducted by other Federal agencies. Scientists will
test new types of PM10 candidate samplers and continuous monitors, and will
continue visibility monitoring at two sites. ORD will analyze the visibility
monitoring results to determine the source of each aerosol component, and its
season variation. Scientists will modify photochemical models to include
important pollutant parameters that contribute to visibility reduction. ORD will
determine the organic composition and size distribution of rural and urban
aerosols; document geographical and seasonal variations and indoor/outdoor
ratios; and conduct microenvironment and personal monitoring studies. Following
the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee (CASAC) recommendations, ORB scientists
will study up to 3 or more urban areas for spacial distribution of acids, source-
receptor relationships, seasonal patterns, local and synoptic meteorological
influence, and the relationship of personal exposure to indoor and outdoor
concentrations. Data from these urban areas will help form the basis for a more
extensive exposure assessment. ORD will provide quality assurance, analytical
assistance, and data management support to program offices, other EPA
laboratories, and international agencies.
To evaluate the need for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and to
review the effectiveness of State Implementation Flans (SIPs), ORD will conduct
studies on real-dimensional data in real-time intervals obtained using Light
Induced Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) techniques. ORD will use these techniques
to help regions in non-attainment for pollutants such as ozone (03) and carbon
monoxide (CO). The National Space and Aeronautics Administration (NASA) and
several Western States provide some of the funding for this research. ORD
scientists will develop source measurement methodologies and quality assurance
procedures, materials, and standards methods for use in Agency monitoring
programs and regulatory activities. J "
To comply with the CAAA, the States and EPA must have air quality models to
develop and review SIPs for ozone. ORD will provide to the Office of Air and
Radiation (OAR) an evaluated chemical mechanism that predicts ozone formations
for use by State and local governments in preparing their ozone SIPs. ORD
scientists will conduct new research on the role that biogenic VOCs have in
affecting ozone non-attainment and on proposed control strategies. ORD will use
the Regional oxidant Model (ROM) to determine the impact of various VOCs and NOX
emissions on ozone control strategies for the Northeastern States, and will
expand ROM to be able to predict long-term and cumulative type of Regional ozone
air quality-estimates.
ORD will use data from the 1988 Acid Deposition field study to test the
Regional Particulate Model (RPM) to help in evaluating control strategies for
PM10 and visibility. ORD researchers will incorporate results of fluid modeling
simulations of building wake/cavity dispersion and stack tip-down wash into
models for regulatory applications. ORD will perform fluid modeling experiments
to modify regulatory models to account for valley stagnation, pollutant
impingement on lee sides of terrain obstacles, and conduct studies on dispersion
of dense gases over inhomogeneous surfaces. Scientists will conduct studies of
urban boundary conditions using 1989 regional mass measurement field study data
to develop urban scale particulate models. ORD will complete Version 7 of the
Users Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution (UNAMAP).
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The Agency uses source emission monitors to set the National Emissions
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) and to determine compliance with
these standards. ORD will develop, evaluate, and standardize monitoring systems
for measuring potential HAPs in ambient air, inhaled air, and from other sources.
ORB researchers will investigate techniques such as selective detectors and
portable monitors to improve the surveillance and control of industrial sources.
ORD will operate Toxic Air Monitoring Stations (TAKS) to provide valuable
experience in applying the newly developed methods for a variety of HAPs.
Scientists will develop advanced monitoring methods to-deal with the special
conditions imposed by complex mixtures of air pollutants. ORD will develop
quality assurance procedures and materials for Agency monitoring programs and
will assist OAR and the Regions with the evaluation of the quality of monitoring
data collected by Regions, States, and other outside sources. ORD scientists in
the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), will develop methods for both indoor
and outdoor detection of important HAPs and will examine the formation,
stability, and transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics, as well as
quantify the atmospheric transformation processes that produce these compounds,
ORD will determine the atmospheric reaction rates and transformation products of
HAPs under Agency review. Scientists will conduct bioassay-directed smog chamber
studies to measure the reaction of HAPs air toxics and the formation of other
hazardous products from atmospheric transformation of HAPs and high-volume
manufactured organics.
ORD will evaluate the impact of mobile source control technologies on
evaporative and exhaust emissions with emphasis on alternative fuels. Scientists
will characterize both regulated and selected unregulated emissions and will
determine the significance of "running-loss" evaporative emissions from tailpipes
and evaporative hydrocarbons at elevated ambient temperatures. ORD scientists
will develop a more realistic measurement of actual human exposure to mobile
source pollutants. ORD will extend the CO human exposure methodology to benzene
and other VOCs with an emphasis toward quantifying exposures resulting from
alternative fuels (i.e., methanol). ORD will develop, refine, and field-test
human activity pattern-exposure models. ORD will evaluate statistical models
which predict human exposures while traveling in vehicles to pollutants.
Based on the human exposure research needs identified by the Total Human
Exposure Research Council and to support the Indoor Air Quality Implementation
Plan, ORD will develop building diagnostic and measurement methods (i.e., study
protocols, questionnaires, and instruments) to be used for indoor air studies in
complaint and non-complaint buildings and residences. Scientists will continue
developing the methodology needed for assessing indoor air quality in large
buildings. ORD will conduct large building studies including administering
occupant surveys and performing pollutant and ventilation measurements.
Researchers will develop diagnostic protocols and monitoring techniques,
especially for biological contaminants, ORD will develop low-cost
screening/monitoring and analytical methods for biocontaminants.
The Clean Air Act Amendments require the Agency to establish a program of
"research, testing, and development of methods for sampling, measuring, analyzing,
and modeling air pollutants. To implement these requirements, ORD is enhancing
research on the emissions inventory, ozone non-attainment, air toxics, mobile
sources, and acid deposition. ORD will include programs dealing with individual
exposures to multiple air pollutants, the development of new monitoring methods,
the initiation of a research program on short- and long-term effects of air
\
-. \J
*
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pollutants on human health, and guidelines needed- to perform health assessments
on each of the hazardous air pollutants listed, and a continuation of the clean
alternative fuels research program. ORB scientists will conduct research on
ozone and acid aerosol methods and effects, characterization and effects, human
health effects, characterization and transformation of alternative fuels,
development of new air toxics risk assessments and generic air toxics source
methods, the development of control technologies for VOCs, and the development
of methods and instruments for continuous emission monitoring and modelling to
support acid deposition implementation.
To support non-attainment mandates, ORD will evaluate and validate the
ozone/precursor transport models, develop in-field measurement studies, conduct
health effects research, and technical assessments/research to support Control
Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) for VOCs. Increases will fund the cooperative
visibility research with the National Park Service. This research will include
the characterization of urban acid aerosol levels, as well as the
characterization of the atmospheric chemistry/transport of acid aerosols. To
support mobile sources sections, ORD will expand existing research to encompass
additional technologies and fuels, as well as the characterization of their
emissions. ORD scientists will focus increased attention to atmospheric
transformation and on a study of the impacts from fuel switching on stationary
source emissions. For the air toxics requirements, researchers will continue and
expand work on: the development of source methods needed for each
chemical/source category, human exposure modeling and validation, and new cancer
risk assessments. This includes research needed to review petitions, improve
risk assessments/methodology, conduct risk research, and to produce the actual
assessment documents. ORD will fund portions of the required Great Lakes Study
including research on long range transport, transformation, and deposition of
toxics chemicals. To implement acid deposition requirements, ORD will initiate
research on the industrial emissions inventory and on the evaluation of state-of-
the-art low NOx burner technology needed to "establish an optimum NSPS. ORD will
complete the evaluation, maintenance, and application of RADM to evaluate the
effectiveness of Title IV controls, modeling of Western lake effects, determining
the potential effects of trading S02 for NOx, and for reporting on the
feasibility of an acid deposition standard to protect U.S. and Canadian aquatic
and terrestrial resources. ORD will support the continuation of National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), and will conduct a full scale field
validation of CEMS technology over the range of instrumentation likely to be used
by utilities to meet the 1993 and 1995 deadlines.
1991 Program -
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,322,500 supported by 104.5
total workyears for this research program, of which $5,664,700 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,657,800 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD will evaluate and improve ambient and source
monitoring systems and measurement methods used in the measurement of NAAQS
pollutants to include in-depth evaluation of PM10 samplers, the development of
methods for measuring acid aerosols, and remote monitoring techniques such as the
airborne UV-DIAL system for measuring S02 and ozone. Scientists in the Toxic Air
Monitoring Stations (TAMS) program will conduct field evaluations for potential
widespread application of monitoring methodologies of non-criteria pollutants.
ORD researchers in the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) will analyze the
results from the air monitoring field study on residential oil heating. ORD is
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developing quality assurance procedures and materials for use in Agency
monitoring programs and regulatory activities, and will conduct evaluations of
the quality of monitoring data collected by Regions, States, and other outside
sources. Scientists conducting indoor monitoring research will develop air
samplers for use in quantifying indoor air exposures in important
microenvironments, and will develop methodologies which identify sources
contributing to "Sick Building" syndrome. To support the new Clean Air Act
Amendments, ORD will conduct new research on emissions inventory, ozone non-
attainment, air toxics, and mobile sources.
1990 Accomplishments.
.•>
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $12,005,900 supported by 99.3 total
workyears for this research program, of which $6,534,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $5,471,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD scientists participated in having the first two automated
methods for measuring and monitoring PM10 designated as Equivalent Methods under
40 CFR, Part 53. These monitors will provide useful PM10" measurements over
shorter time intervals, as well as continuous unattended operation over several
weeks. Scientists completed an acid aerosol measurement methods intercomparsion
study that measured ambient sulfuric acid, ammonium bisulfate, and ammonium
nitrate. ORD restructured the Toxic Air Monitoring Study (TAMS) to serve as a
research program to evaluate new methodology for determining polar VOCs, and for
evaluating techniques to measure the distribution of VOCs between the solid and
gaseous phases in ambient air. ORD scientists published a compendium of
technically reviewed sampling and analysis procedures in a standardized format
for determination of pollutants in indoor air.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,030,000 supported by 113.0 total
workyears for this research program, of which $6,048,700 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $13,981,300 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This represents a increase of $187,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $812,500 in the Research
and Development appropriation. The increase in S&E is to fund the Federal
workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992. The increase in
R&D is to support clinical health research on NAAQS and hazardous air pollutants.
ORD will focus its NAAQS program on ozone and acid aerosols. ORD's health
scientists will study acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure to criteria
pollutants in response to the statutory mandate for periodic review of NAAQS and
the research needs identified by the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee (CASAC)
of the Agency's Science Advisory Board (SAB). Researchers will study species
sensitivity issues and inflammatory and pulmonary function responses in man. ORD
will shift exposure studies from acute to chronic effects, and will emphasize the
respiratory and immunological effects of ozone and sulfuric acid. Scientists
will develop theoretical models of respiratory tract deposition, and will
elucidate the risks to potentially susceptible subpopulations. This research
will include chronic animal toxicology studies to determine the relationship
between long-term exposure to urban patterns of ozone and the onset or
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exacerbation of chronic lung disease. Scientists will focus their epidemiology
studies on chronic cardiopulmonary effects of ambient and indoor combinations of
ambient air pollutants.
To support development of regulations for toxic air pollutants, ORD
scientists will improve the quantitative assessment of risks for
listing/delisting, urban air toxics, and residual risk. ORD will develop
predictive models to more accurately characterize the relationship between
exposure and response* Also as part of the Integrated Air"Cancer Project (LACP),
scientists will assess the autagenic and carcinogenic effects of urban air
mixtures, and will evaluate the dose-response relationships for individual
compounds and complex mixtures. Researchers will conduct dosiaetry studies on
pulmonary deposition and dose to genetic materials, and develop bioassays for use
in biomonitoring networks.
ORD will provide data for Agency policymakers on the risks to public health
and welfare from exposure to automotive emissions and the atmospheric
transformation products of these emissions. Scientists will conduct research to
determine the contribution of motor vehicle emissions to the mutagenicity of
ambient air and to assess DMA adducts as biomarkers of risk from mobile source
emissions. ORD will study the effect of alternative fuels on the mutagenie
activity of automotive emissions. Scientists will study both cancer and non-
cancer health effects of motor vehicle fuels, additives, and alternative fuels
(i.e., raethanol).
Scientists will study the health effects of combustion products (e.g.,
environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) and volatile organic compound (VOGs) mixtures
associated with sick building syndrome. ORD will conduct chamber studies on the
health effects to animals and humans associated with typical exposures to indoor
pollutants, both individually and in combination emitted from commonly found
sources. ORD will assess the risks of- non-cancer end points and use a
combination of indoor pollutants more typical of U.S. indoor environments.
Health scientists will focus their biomarker research on new ways that can be
used to estimate exposures to ETS. New research includes non-cancer health
effects, the genotoxieity of emissions from various indoor combustion appliances,
and associated mitigation strategies.
The goal of the Health Effects Institute (HEI) is to gather information and
conduct research on the health effects of motor vehicle emissions. Researchers
at HEI will characterize human dose-response and quantify human risk from mobile
source pollutants (i.e., alternative fuels).
19.91 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,030,000 supported by 113.0
total workyears for this research program,, of which $5,861,200 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $13,168,800 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD's health scientists will study acute, sub-
chronic, and chronic exposures to ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide,
other NAAQS pollutants to determine effects on various systems (including
respiratory, metabolic, and immune systems), and human health effects from
exposure to acid aerosols. Scientists studying animal toxicology and human
studies on N02, 03, S02, and sulfuric acid will emphasize research on the
relationship between exposure, dose, and effect (including respiratory disease).
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In the Interdivisional Air Toxics Program, researchers will look at the genotoxic
effects associated with exposure to complex mixtures. Scientists will study the
impact of alternative fuels and their emissions on human health. Researchers
conducting indoor air research will emphasize the health effects of combustion
products, sick building syndrome, VOC mixtures, and ETS. ORD will conduct
chamber studies to evaluate indoor VOCs as they relate to "sick building
syndrome" and will complete the evaluation of the usefulness of cotinine as a
biomarker for ETS. ORD will continue to support HEI which is studying the
various aspects of criteria pollutant toxicity and the health effects associated
with mobile source pollutants (including diesel .exhaust, aldehydes, and
alternative fuels such as methanol).
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $23,528,700 supported by 100.7
total workyears for this research program, of which $7,003,800 was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $16,524,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD health scientists issued reports/articles in the
following research areas: scientific support for development and review of
primary and secondary NAAQS, support for development of regulations for hazardous
air pollutants, support for the mobile source regulatory program, and support for
evaluation of effects associated with indoor air pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,998,700 supported by 58.4 total workyears
for this research program, of which $3,914,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,084,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $126,900 In the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an decrease of $1,520,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation. The increase in S&E is to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. The decrease in R&D
reflects a reprogramming to higher priority air media needs.
ORD will support development, review, and enforcement of State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) and promulgation of New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS). This research includes: completion of the field evaluation of the
advanced silicate (ADVACATE) process for SOjj control; additional studies to
assess the long-term performance of several different catalysts which could be
used in Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) systems; P^io control from
woodstoves; and ozone non-attainment control by developing techniques and
approaches for reducing the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from
area sources. In non-attainment, engineering scientists will evaluate methods
to reduce emissions from coating operations and consumer solvents. ORD will
conduct emissions research which supports acid deposition, ozone non-attainment,
and PM10 implementation programs, and will emphasize improved area source
emission estimation techniques and validation techniques especially for VOC area
sources.
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The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) directs EPA to provide information on
control techniques for hazardous . air pollutants (HAPs). To implement this
requirement, ORD supports the operation of the Air Toxics Control Technology
Center (CTC). The CAAA also requires expansion of this activity to include
support for small businesses. ORD engineers will develop guidelines for
measuring the compliance and effectiveness of air toxic regulations, an
engineering quality assurance program for permitting, and development of the
corona destruction process. In the enhanced emission inventory program, ORD
engineers will develop estimation methodologies and validation, and improve air
toxic emission and speciation factors. ORD will continue the Pollution
Prevention Project which began in 1991 in order to identify, develop, and
demonstrate prevention techniques which reduce emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOC's) and HAPs emitted from area sources such as consumer products
and industrial solvents.
In pursuance of the Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, ORD engineers
will complete methods for testing the performance of air cleaners to be used by
manufacturers to validate the efficiency of their units. A cooperative project
with the American Institute of Architects will result in a catalogue of indoor
materials describing their emission characteristics. ORD will expand the IAQ
control research program to include the evaluation and development of innovative
ventilation techniques. Engineers will conduct research to describe the emission
characteristics of indoor sources and sinks, and will test commercially available
units for their effectiveness in removing particles and vapors in indoor
environments. ORD will conduct chamber and field studies which will develop and
evaluate novel techniques for ventilation, which includes displacement flow
arrangements and microenvironmental workstations, and field studies of gaseous
pollutant removal systems.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of 511,391,800 supported by 58.4
total workyears for this research program, of which $3,787,700 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,604,100 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. In support of NAAQS compliance and the new acid rain
title of the CAAA, ORD engineers will develop and evaluate the ADVOCATE process
for S02 control and Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) for NOX control. The
ADVACATE field evaluation at TVA's Shawnee pilot facility will yield crucial
information for scale up to commercial applications. Engineers will use a
bench/small pilot apparatus to study the parameters which affect catalyst
reactivity and determine long-term catalyst performance in their SCR research.
This research will resolve questions concerning the applicability of SCR to U.S.
fuels and processes. To support the PM10 compliance, engineering scientists will
focus on the control of particulate and condensible organics from woodstoves.
ORD will evaluate the ozone- and air toxics source control technologies, further
develop the corona destruction process for controlling low concentration streams
of VOC's, and technically support EPA program offices, Regions, States, and
localities through the CTC. ORD will addres's methodology development for area
sources of VOC's. Engineers will focus their indoor air research on the
evaluation of air cleaners for control of biological contaminants, chamber
studies of organic emissions from indoor sources, evaluation of indoor sinks, and
modeling and source characterization of indoor pollutants.
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Congressional Directives. A total of $2,650,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Coke Oven Emissions.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,544,400 supported by 58.8 total
workyears for this research program, of which $3,879,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $4,665,200 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In the indoor air program, ORD engineers developed personal
computer models for evaluating indoor air quality control options, produced
reports on low emitting materials and products, and reports on emissions from
unvented kerosene heaters. In the S02 and NO* control area, ORD improved the
ADVACATE sorbent preparation process by creating a sorbent which is three times
as reactive and in the SCR area. ORD determined that there is no N20 generation
when applied to U.S. processes. In the PM control program, ORD engineers
modified a commercially available woodstove and significantly improved its
performance by almost 70 percent. ORD provided extensive technical support to
States, Regions, and other environmental officials through the CTC and
demonstrated the technical viability of the innovative corona destruction process
at the bench scale.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,394,200 supported by 13.8 total workyears
for this research program, of which $888,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,506,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a minor increase of $22,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal- workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992.
Data from EPA's acid deposition research efforts and other air pollution
research efforts indicate that tropospheric ozone may have significant adverse
impacts on forests. Therefore, ORD scientists in this area will assess the
impact of ozone damage on economically and ecologically significant forest
species to determine if the damage occurring supports a new ozone standard, ORD
will assess the risk from ozone on major commercially valuable forest tree
species in areas that are most at risk. Research will include ecophysiological
studies of ozone impacts in order to estimate of changing air quality over
different environmental conditions and time, and critical components of exposure
for development of relevant NAAQS. ORD's research program will be closely
coordinated with the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Energy, as well
as private industry research organizations such as the Electrical Power Research
Institute (EPRI).
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,371,300 supported by 13.8
total workyears for this research program, of which $865,100 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,506,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD will conduct research to determine the effects of ozone of
forests especially in sensitive tree species with emphasis on species of economic
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importance. ORD will expose selected forest species to ozone levels which are
likely to occur in forest regions of the U.S..
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,069,400 supported by 14.1 total
workyears for this research program, of which $863,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,206,100 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD will conduct research to determine the effects of ozone of
forests especially in sensitive tree species with emphasis on species of economic
importance .
CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE
1992 Program Request
For FY 1992, the Characterization, Transport and Fate Program Element will
be shifted/integrated to the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance Program
Element which will now be called Monitoring Systems, Characterization, and
Quality Assurance. Combining these two programs will improve and facilitate the
overall research planning, management, and implementation of this research.
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,601,600 supported by 57.0
total workyears for this research program, of which $3,559,300 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,042,300 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD will support the development and evaluation of
secondary air quality standards for PM10. In ozone research, ORD will produce
chemical models to reduce errors in predicting ozone formation associated with
precursor emissions of VOCs and NO^. Scientists will evaluate the Regional
Oxidant Model (ROM) against field data to determine the impacts of simulated VOC
and NOg emission controls on ozone air quality. Other ozone research includes
a program to monitor VOCs~~ and Npjj to help determine reasons for ozone non-
attainment. ORD will develop an improved source apportionment model for regional
scale aerosols. ORD scientists will conduct special studies to examine the
potential role of biogenic VOCs and other factors ozone non- attainment areas.
ORD will complete the first generation Regional Particulate Model (RPM) to be
evaluated in the User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution (UNAMAP)
program. ORD will conduct studies of HAP levels in urban atmospheres and
characterize mobile source emissions from vehicles equipped with new emission
control devices using conventional gasoline fuels or alternative fuels (i.e.,
me thanol -blended fuels).
Congress ional Directives . A total of $3,150,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Southern Oxidants Study,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $11,458,000 supported by 53.5 total
workyears for this research program, of which $3,374,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,083,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1990, scientists completed a monitoring study which
2-30
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characterized the ambient air of Atlanta with respect to ozone and its
precursors. The research scientists measured VOCs, aldehydes, NO^, ozone, and
meteorological parameters by conventional means. ORD used a new long-path
technique known as Differential Optical Absorption Spectroseopy (DOAS) to
determine ozone, HOjj, and some VOCs. ORJD completed a study entitled "A Chamber
and Modeling Study to Assess the Photochemistry of Formaldehyde." Scientists
continued studies to identify the HAPs that are produced in the atmosphere when
organic compounds/NOg mixtures are irradiated by simulated sunlight,
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,521,800 supported by 38.9 total workyears
to support the U.S. Global Change Research Program, of which $2,895,600 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $22,626,200 will be for the
Research and Development appropriation. This represents a decrease of $282,700
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 4.0 workyears and a increase of
$5,804,000 for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents a
substantial increase in the global change research program to provide
policymakers with reliable projections on the potential for global wanning and
its environmental consequences. The workyear decrease is due to a reassessment
of workyear priorities in other media areas. This research includes a
multidisciplinary research program to determine the impacts of increased UV-B
radiation on terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems, human health, and to investigate
mitigative solutions. The Global Climate Research Program is designed to expand
into critical new areas relative to understanding the role of the terrestrial
biosphere in global climate change and its potential management for carbon
mitigation. The impact of global climate change poses the largest and most
significant long-term man-made environmental problem of the future. To provide
policymakers with reliable projections on the potential for global warming and
its environmental consequences, ORD will expand the current research
substantially. The Stratospheric Ozone Research Program will conduct research
under the Agency's stratospheric ozone depletion program in terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems, human health, emissions, and mitigative solutions. Through
the Montreal Protocol, the international community has formally identified
depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer as one of the most important problems
facing the world today. To address the scientific uncertainties associated with
ozone depletion, ORD will conduct a -multidisciplinary research program in
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, human health, emissions, and mitigative
solutions.
In FY 1992, ORD's Global Change Re sea rcfr Program will measure and model
current magnitudes of carbon gas fluxes between soils/sediments, vegetation, and
the atmosphere in major climatic zones. Researchers will characterize effects
of land-use changes and other human activities that alter the fluxes and their
source pools, ORD will target the identification and characterization of: (1)
climatically sensitive biospheric and atmospheric process.es that produce and
consume carbon gases (primarily carbon dioxide and methane), and evaluate their
relative global importance as feedbacks; and (2) the effects of climate change
on climatically .sensitive biota. Engineering researchers will pursue selected
development and demonstrations of promising techniques that reduce emissions of
RITGs to accelerate the commercialization and application of those techniques.
2-31
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enhanced UV-B, and global climate change on the rice ecosystems and productivity,
particularly in Asia. Rice paddies are a major source of methane emissions.
Researchers in the Stratospheric JJzone Program will evaluate chemical and
technological alternatives to the ozone depleting substances. These alternatives
will be used as replacements for CFCs (i.e., refrigerants, foam-blowing agency
and solvents), halons (in fire extinguishers), and nitrous oxides (from fanning
and natural systems). Scientists will highlight research on the loss from
automobile air conditioners, recycling of CFCs, and the need for rapid technology
transfer and market penetration of CFC replacements.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §20,000,500 supported by 42,9
total workyears for this research program, of which $3,178,300 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $16,822,200 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. In 1991, ORD's Global Change Rese arch program will
evaluate the degree to which forests and agroecosystems can be technically
managed to conserve and sequester carbon, and reduce the accumulation of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. Scientists will emphasize managed terrestrial
ecosystems, given their significant role in the global carbon cycle. ORD will
assess appropriate management technologies, cost and benefits, implementation
procedures, and environmental risks and benefits. This research will provide the
scientific basis for formulating and implementing policies to prevent, and adapt
to global climate change. ORD's goal is to predict the processes and effects of
global change, globally. ORD's emissions research will include the development
of global and regional emissions factors, and develop emission inventories of
radiatively important tract gases (RITGs). Scientists will focus on harvesting,
preparation, and combustion of bloomss fuel and the sequestration of biomass in
useful products. ORD's Stratospheric OzoneResearch program will examine the
effects of stratospheric ozone depletion within the context of the Montreal
Protocol, and Federal and international research efforts.
Congr e ssipnal M recj;j_ve s^, A total of §550,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Solar Commercialization.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $14,821,400 supported by 25.1 total
workyears for this research program, of which $2,085,300 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $12,736,100 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Global change scientists issued a report on the role of
photochemistry as a tropospheric source/sink for trace gases, and on the soil
microbial processes relating radiatively important trace gas fluxes and water
balance. Scientists issued a report on the effects of UV-B radiation on rice
yield and on the estimation of the relative importance of major forest types as
sources and sinks for radiatively important trace gases. Engineers issued a
report on the status of alternative refrigerants for hone refrigerators, and on
the retrofit technology for existing woodstoves.
2-32
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Abatement and
Control
SECTSOn TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and stationary Source Planning and Standards ..... 2-33
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-35
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules . . 2-37
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy . . 2-42
Mobile Source Program Implementation .. ...... 2-44
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-45
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance ...... 2-48
State Programs Resource Assistance 2—51
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-52
Training ...... 2-55
Air Quality Management Implementation .............. 2-5?
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment ...... 2-61
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-62
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-64
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs .... ..... 2-68
Acid Rain Program 2-69
Indoor Air Program 2-7.1
Global Change Program . ...... 2-72
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
Air duality ft Stationary Source Planning ft Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Eaifssion Standards ft
Technology Ascessaent
Salaries i Expenses
Abatement Control and
Coopliance
TOTAL
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
State Program Policy
Guidelines ft Air
Standards Development
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control and
Coapt i ance
TOTAL
$6,153.6 $8,013.1 $8,013.1 S10.159.3 SZ,146.2
$7.537.2 SU. 126.7 $14,128.7 $22,028.7 $7,900.0
$13,690.8 $22,141.8 $22,U1.B $32,188.0 $10,046.2
$2,796.7
$8,613.5
$11,410.2
$5,926.8
$3,942.3
$7.356.6
$5,683.3
$7,356.6
$5,683.3
$7,690.1
$7,883.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
$333.5
$2,200.0
$9,869.1 $13,039.9 $13,039.9 $15,573.4 $2,533.5
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses $14,877.1 $15,369.7 $15,369.7 $17.849.4 $2,479.7
Abatement Control and $20,093.0 $19,812.0 $19,812.0 $29,912.0 $10.100.0
Conpli ance
Air Ouality ft TOTAL $34,970.1 $35,181.7 $35,181.7 $47,761.4 $12,579.7
Stationary Source
Planning ft Standards
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emission Standards ft 95.6
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant 40.2
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
123.1 123.1 151.0
27.9
0.0
State Program Policy
Guidelines ft Air
Standards Development
98.2
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 234.0
112.5 112.5 114.3 1.8
235.6 235.6 265.3 29.7
2-33
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MR
Air Quality I Stationary Source Planning t Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL UORKTEARS
Standard* ft
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
97.9 125.1 123.1 151.0 27.9
41.3
0.0
State Program Policy
Guidelines t Air
Standards Development
TOTAL WORKYIARS
100,5 112.1 112.5 114,3 • 1.8
239.7 235.6 235.6 265.3 29.7
2-34
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All
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,761,400 supported by 265,3 total
worfcyears for 1992, an increase of §12,579,700 and 29.7 in total workyears from
1991. Of the request, $17,849,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $29,912,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $2,479,700 and an increase of $10,100,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDSANDTECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
199 2 Pro gram Reque s t
The Agency requests a total of $32,188,000 supported by 151.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,159,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $22,028,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,146,200 Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $7,900,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 27.9 in total workyears from 1991.
The increase will be used for new and expanded activities needed to implement air
toxics and nonattainment provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
The major goal of this program is implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, enacted in November 1990. Program activities will focus
specifically on the implementation of Titles I (nonattainment), III (general),
and V (permits and fees). These titles contain many activities that have near-
term deadlines (i.e., within the first three years after enactment). Meeting
these deadlines is an Agency priority.
The major effort of this program will continue to be achieving reductions
in air toxics, including the development of MACT standards for high priority
pollutants and source categories. tfork will continue on developing and
promulgating MACT standards for at least 40 source categories and coke ovens to
meet the two-year deadline in the new Clean Air Act amendments. Work will
continue on developing MACT standards for additional categories to help meet the
four-year deadline in the new Act. Work will also concentrate on developing a
schedule for the development of MACT standards for all listed source categories;
responding to petitions to add or delete pollutants; continuing a study on the
deposition of hazardous air pollutants in the Great Lakes; developing standards
for medical waste incinerators and small municipal waste combustors; and
supporting the National Academy of Sciences in their review of EPA's risk
assessment procedures and methodology. These activities focus primarily on
reducing the more than 1300-1600 cancer deaths per year and high individual risks
that are estimated to result from large stationary sources of toxic air
pollutants.
2-35
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To support the ozone nonattaiiunent efforts required by Title I, work will
continue on developing control technology guidelines (CTGs) for 11 source
categories of volatile organic compound emissions and an alternative control
technology document for sources of nitrogen oxides; preparing a study on volatile
organic compound emissions from consumer and commercial products; and developing
standards for marine vessels. Work will continue on the development of
reasonably available control measures (RACMs) and best available control measures
(BACMs) and CTGs for major particulate matter (PM-10) sources including the
initiation of work on new source categories. Work will also continue on the
revision of the sulfur dioxide NSPSs for electric utilities.
Consistent with the new Act amendments, implementation support will also
be provided to state air toxic pollutant control programs through the operation
of four centers and clearinghouses and the publication of implementation support
and technology transfer documents for air toxics, ozone, and PM-10 control.
Support will also be provided to the states to assist them in the development of
permit programs for air toxics.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $22,141,800 supported by 123.1
total workyears for this program, of which $8,013,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,128,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 set forth a greatly expanded set of
requirements for developing standards for both criteria and hazardous air
pollutants. A major program emphasis in 1991 continues to be air toxics,
including development of MACT standards under section 112 and other authorities
for high priority pollutants and source categories. As a result of the new
amendments, work is concentrating on developing a list of the major source
categories and subcategories which emit the 189 listed hazardous air pollutants;
continuing work on developing MACT for the high priority source categories;
responding to petitions to add or delete pollutants on the list; developing
guidelines on making "early reduction" determinations and implementing the
modification provisions; and initiating a study on the deposition of hazardous
air pollutants in the Great Lakes. During 1991, significant effort is also being
expended developing MACT standards for 40 source categories or subcategories and
coke ovens in order to meet the two-year requirements of the new Act. Effort
also are being directed toward developing MACT standards for source categories
associated with four-year requirements.
In 1991 New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) development continues. By
the end of 1991, 46 NSPSs will have been promulgated from the priority list. An
additional NSPS will be promulgated for large municipal waste combustors, a
category that has not been added to the priority list. A major effort will
continue on three other source categories that have not been added to the
priority list: small municipal waste combustors, medical waste incinerators, and
landfills. Development of the final six NSPSs on the priority list has been
deferred due to higher priority work.
To support efforts in the area of ozone nonattainment, work will continue
on developing CTGs for 11 source categories of volatile organic compound
2-36
-------
emissions and an alternative control technology document for sources of nitrogen
oxides. Consistent with the provisions of the new amendments, implementation
support will also be provided to state air toxic pollutant control programs
through the operation of four centers and clearinghouses and the publication of
implementation support and technology transfer documents for air toxics, ozone,
and PM-10 control.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $13,690,800 supported by 97.9 total
workyears, of which $6,153,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,537,200 was from the Abatement, Control end Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 three NSPSs were promulgated. Two NSPSs addressed volatile organic
compound emissions from chemical manufacturing; one addressed emissions from
small steam generating units. Rules were also promulgated for chromium (comfort
cooling towers) under the Toxic Substances Control Act and for four source
categories of benzene emissions under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Two
NSPSs were proposed. One addressed volatile organic compound emissions from
chemical manufacturing reactor processes and another covered emissions from large
municipal waste combust or s. Work was also initiated on developing MACT standards
for high priority source categories in anticipation of amendments to the Clean
Air Act.
NATIONAL POLLUTANT POLICIES. STRATEGIESAND RULES
19 9 2 Pro gram Re cue s t
The program activities in 1992 are described in the Atmospheric and Indoor
Air Programs subactivity.
1991 Program
The program activities in 1991 are described in the Atmospheric and Indoor
Air Programs subactivity,
1990 Accopplishntents
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $11,410,200 supported by 41.3 total
workyears, of which $2,796,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,613,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 the principal efforts and accomplishments of the acid rain program
were conducting detailed legislative analyses,'preparing materials in support of
the President's legislative initiative, and initiating advance program
development activities focusing on anticipated actions under the new Clean Air
Act. The program also provided technical assistance and environmental policy
support to the Department of Energy (DOE) on its clean coal technology program.
The acid rain program continued to review, comment on, and resolve controversial
air permit issues for clean coal technology and other non-clean coal technology
innovative control projects. In 1990 the program represented the Agency on the
2-37
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Interagency Policy Committee of the .National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) and provided research information and policy guidance for
completion of the 27 state-of-the-science reports and the 1990 integrated
assessment. In 1990 the program also continued responses to legal petitions
calling for control of United States sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions
sufficient to mitigate adverse impacts on Canada. The acid rain program
supported the Administration in formal negotiations, which began in 1990, with
Canada on a bilateral air quality accord.
In 1990 the indoor air program focused on coordination of EPA and Federal
indoor air quality activities, analysis of the* appropriate Federal role in
addressing indoor air quality issues, and preparation and dissemination of
informational materials on indoor air quality for the general public. In 1990
the indoor air program completed a survey of indoor air quality diagnostic and
mitigation firms and a technical document on residential air cleaning devices.
In addition, in-house staff carried out an Agency and interagency coordination
role and continued to develop and update indoor air pollution and mitigation fact
sheets. Two directories published by the program were updated and reissued: the
Current Federal Indoor Air Quality Activities guide; and the Directory of State
Indoor Air Contacts.
Guidance documents progressed to the external review stage for; (1)
policymakers on workplace smoking policies, (2) homebuilders on indoor air
quality considerations in new home construction, and (3) building owners and
managers on preventing, diagnosing, and mitigating indoor air problems in large
buildings. A self-paced comprehensive training guide on indoor air quality
progressed to the clearance stage and will be made available to a broad range of
interested audiences in 1991. A draft formal risk assessment on lung cancer and
respiratory disease from environmental tobacco smoke, which was sponsored by the
indoor air program, was completed and transmitted to the Science Advisory Board
for review. Major new activities focused on: reviewing options for establishing
a national indoor air quality information clearinghouse; initiating a study of
research needs on the issue of multiple chemical sensitivity; developing data on
the impact of indoor air pollution on productivity and on the costs of correcting
indoor air pollution; and exploring mechanisms for credentialling professionals
who offer indoor air diagnostic and mitigation services. A multi-year program
to provide training for state and local governments on indoor air quality was
initiated with the development of an introductory course on indoor air quality.
On the international front in 1990, the proceedings from a workshop hosted
by the indoor air program under the auspices of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization Committee on Challenges for Modern Society on strategies for
managing risks of indoor air quality was published, and a project to compile an
international inventory of indoor air activities advanced to the information
collection phase.
In 1990 the global change program activities focused on implementation of
the domestic rule for control of production and consumption of CFCs and halons.
The program continued to enforce the regulation, implemented a tracking system
for permits, implemented a reporting and record-keeping system, refined the
enforcement strategy, and evaluated the market responses to regulation. The
program also initiated the development of a national CFC and halons recycling
program and expanded its efforts for alternative chemicals and safe use of those
2-38
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chemicals. Internationally, the global change program supported program
activities and provided technical assistance to the United Nations Environment
Program (UNSP) to support international implementation of the Montreal Protocol.
The program coordinated activities for developing alternative technologies.
Transfer of these technologies to lesser developed countries continued at an
accelerated rate,
In 1990 the global change program participated in a series of assessments
required by the Montreal Protocol and was involved in a legal working group and
in ad hoc negotiating groups to meet the Agency's responsibilities for technology
transfer required under the Protocol. In addition, the Agency was involved in
efforts to encourage other nations, particularly lesser developed countries, to
sign the Protocol and to support the United States in further negotiations on
protocol revisions. The program played a lead role in the negotiations on the
London amendments to the Montreal Protocol. These amendments included phasing
out CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals and establishing a fund for
developing countries to support compliance with the Protocol.
The global change program continued to assess other possible factors in
tropospheric climate changes. This included the assessment of point and non-
point emission sources of global warming gases, the techniques for control of
methane emissions, and potential control technologies.
STATE PROGRAM GUIDELINES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of §15/573,400 supported by 114,3 total
workyears for this program, of which §7,690,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and §7,883,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $333,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $2,200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.8 in total workyears
from 1991. The increase will be used for new and expanded activities needed to
implement provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990;
Final action on revised or reaffirmed National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQSs) for lead and sulfur dioxide will be nearing completion.
Revised sulfur dioxide significant harm levels and associated implementation
guidance will also be developed. Benefits, health, and regulatory impact
assessment support will be provided to programs for NSPSs and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) and to support state and Federal
rulemaking activities. Guidance on marketAbased state implementation plan
strategies will be provided.
Guidance, regulations, assistance, and training needed to implement the
state implementation plan activities under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
will be provided, including issuing economic incentive rules, sanctions criteria,
revising and issuing the list of nonattainment areas, and establishing and
assisting ozone and visibility transport commissions. Procedures, techniques,
and assistance for determining required emission reductions, evaluating and
2-39
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selecting alternative control measures, preparing control strategy
demonstrations, analyzing transport strategies in the Northeast, implementing
effective tracking mechanisms, and assistance in identifying, adopting, and
implementing non-traditional control measures that will directly involve the
public (e.g. , transportation controls and consumer solvent substitution) will be
provided. Existing Federal implementation plan commitments, as they may be
modified by court order, will be carried out. Initial state implementation plan
submittals will be reviewed and approved or disapproved. Federal rules for
disapproved state plans will be developed as necessary. RACK and BACM documents
and other PM-10 guidance on woodstoves, prescribed burning, agricultural
activities, fugitive source and nontraditional source control measures (e.g.,
street cleaning), and secondary particle formation will be issued. The report
to Congress on the impact of the Clean Air Act on visibility will be nearing
completion. Guidance on integration of sulfur control programs (e.g., state
implementation plans and acid rain activities) will be provided.
The new source review program will provide guidance and assistance to
Regions and states permitting new sources. Rules to implement a variety of
changes to the new source review program in the 1990 Act amendments will be
promulgated. Guidance, assistance, and training to implement new legislation
relating to operating permits will be provided. Regulations for Federally-issued
operating permits will be promulgated.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,039,900 supported by 112.5
total workyears for this program, of which $7,356,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,683,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The lead NAAQS review will be completed and a proposal to revise or
reaffirm this standard will be prepared. Revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur
dioxide will be reproposed or promulgated. The criteria document for the carbon
monoxide NAAQS reviews will be completed and the staff paper reviewed by the
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee.
Guidance and regulations needed to implement state implementation plan
activities under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 will be developed,
including developing completeness criteria, economic incentive rules, sanctions
criteria, revising and issuing the list of nonattainment areas, and establishing
ozone and visibility transport commissions. Procedures and techniques for
determining required emission reductions, evaluating and selecting alternative
control measures, preparing control strategy demonstrations, analyzing transport
strategies in the Northeast, and assistance in identifying, adopting, and
implementing nontraditional control measures that will directly involve the
public (e.g., transportation controls and consumer solvent substitution) will be
developed. Existing Federal implementation plan commitments, as they may be
modified by court order, will be carried out. Initial ozone state implementation
plan submittals due by May 15, 1991 will be reviewed and approved or disapproved;
Federal rules for disapproved state plans will be developed. RACM and BACM
documents and other PM-10 guidance on woodstoves, prescribed burning,
agricultural activities, fugitive source and nontraditional source control
measures (e.g., street cleaning), and secondary particle formation will be
2-40
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developed. Management and review of state implementation plans submitted by
states will continue. Regulations to control sources contributing to visibility
impairment in the Grand Canyon will be promulgated. Innovative measures to
reduce the backlog of state implementation plan revisions and expedite
processing, including a computerized tracking and information system, will be
fully implemented.
The new source review program will provide guidance and assistance to
Regions and states permitting new sources and support to national litigation over
current regulations. Rulemaking to implement a variety of changes to the new
source review program in the new Act will be proposed. Guidance and regulations
needed to implement new legislation relating to operating permits, including
model permits, standardized application forms, fee recovery requirements, and
monitoring/reporting requirements will be proposed and promulgated. Regulations
for Federally-issued operating permits will also be proposed.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $9,869,100 supported by 100.5 total
workyears to this program, of which $5,926,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,9^*2,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In the state implementation plan program, primary emphasis was
on implementing ongoing programs for carbon monoxide and ozone nonattainment
areas and developing and reviewing PM-10 plans. For ozone and carbon monoxide,
these activities focused on ensuring compliance with calls for revised state
plans issued by EPA in May 1988 and November 1989, securing and reviewing revised
emission inventories and missing or inadequate rules. PM-10 plan submittals were
reviewed. Prevention of significant deterioration increments were proposed for
PM-10. Regulations to control sources contributing to visibility impairment in
the Grand Canyon were proposed. Guidance and assistance to Regional Offices were
provided for developing court-ordered Federal implementation plans for ozone,
carbon monoxide, and PM-10 nonattainment areas.
2-41
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AIR
Mobile Source Afr Pollution Control I Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Salaries I Expenses
TOTAL
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment I
Characterization
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Testing, Technical I
Administrative Support
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Emissions t Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$5,192.1 $7,256.1
$5,866.5 $11,949.7
$1.664.5 $1,664.5
$1,664.5 $1,664.5
$7,256.1 $10,376.9 $3,120.6
$11,949.7 $18,769.7 $6,820.0
$11,058.6 $19,205.B $19,205.6 $29,146.6 $9,940.8
$5,766.4 $7,422.5
$650.0 $850.2
$7,422.5 $6,775.1 -$647.4
$850.2 $2,600.2 $1,750.0
$6,416.4 $8,272.7 $8.272.7 $9,375.3 $1,102.6
$2,166.4 $2,428.5
$29.5 $133.1
$2,428.5 $3,209.3
$133.1 $263.1
$2,195.9 12,561.6 $2,561.6 $3,472.4
$760.8
$130.0
$910.8
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $13.124.9 $17.107.1 $17,107.1 $22,025.8 $4,918.7
Abatement Control and $6,546.0 $12,933.0 $12,933.0 $21,633.0 $8,700.0
Compliance
Mobile Source Air TOTAL $19.670.9 $30.040.1 $30,040.1 $43,658.8 $13.618.7
Pollution Control t
Fuel Economy ;
PERMANENT UORICYEARS
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
31.4 31.4
82.6 111.3 111.3 150.4
39.1
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Sifiport
92.3 94.4 94.4 100.7
6,3
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control ft Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE 4
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emissions t Fuel
Economy Complline*
31.8
37.1
37.1
47.7
10.6
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 206.7 2*2.8 242.8 330.2
87.4
TOTAL UOmEARS
Mobile Source Program
Inplementstion
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment £
Characterization
Testing, technical I
Administrative Support
Emissions I Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL UORKYEARS
31.4 31.4
92.6 111.3 111.3 150.4 39.1
95.8 94.4 94.4 100.7 6.3
36.3 37.1 37.1 47.7 10.6
224.7 242.8 242.8 330.2 87.4
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AIE
Mobile Source Mr Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $43,658,800 supported by 330.2 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $13,618,700 and an increase of 87.4 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $22,025,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $21,633,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,918,700 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $8,700,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1992 the Agency expects to collect up to $7,000,000 in fees from the
mobile source program, including Fuel Economy, Certification and Recall.
MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAMIMPLEMENTATION
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $1,664,500 supported by 31,4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,664,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of 31.4 total workyears. Funding for
regional support for Mobile Sources was previously in program element Air Quality
Management Implementation. The increases will continue support to the operation
of the mobile source-related support program within each of the Agency's ten
Regional offices.
The Regional program will continue to provide policy guidance and technical
support to states developing and implementing motor vehicle inspection and
maintenance programs as part of their state implementation plans. They will
continue to provide guidance in the development of mobile source emissions
inventories, transportation control measures, and making conformity
determinations. They also will continue to support the states in the development
and implementation of other programs mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990, including the oxygenated fuels and clean fuel fleet programs. The Regions
will continue to review program proposals and implementation plans and provide
appropriate guidance. The Regions will continue to audit individual state
programs and make determinations as to the consistency with implementation plans
and program effectiveness.
1991 Program
The 1991 program can be found under Air Quality Management Implementation.
1990 Aceomp1ishroents
The 1990 accomplishments can be found under Air Quality Management
Implementation.
V i-w 2-44
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EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,146,600 supported by 150.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,376,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,769,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,120,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $6,820,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 39.1 total workyears.
The increases reflect the additional resources needed to continue the
implementation of new and expanded requirements in the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990.
In 1992 the mobile source standards program will continue the development
of the aggressive program outlined in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
Regulatory work will continue on clean fuels and will result in the promulgation
of clean fuel vehicle credit programs (for fleets and California Programs) and
standards for vehicles fueled by compressed natural gas. Clean fuel vehicle
standards will be proposed. Tier 1 tailpipe standards will be implemented. The
study of air toxics related to mobile sources will be published. The Emissions
Factor Program will continue its efforts in determining emissions from in-use
vehicles. These efforts will provide pertinent information for air quality
modeling by the Agency and state and local Jurisdictions. The Emissions Factor
Program increases will focus on emissions from in-use vehicles using oxygenated
fuels, variables related to non-Federal test procedure conditions, and new
technology heavy-duty engines. In addition, a study of emissions from non-road
vehicles will be published.
Guidance for basic vehicle inspection and maintenance and enhanced
inspection and maintenance will be implemented. EPA will provide technical
support to state and local jurisdictions enhancing existing programs
(approximately 47 programs in serious or worse ozone nonattainment areas) or
developing new programs (approximately 26 new basic programs in moderate ozone
nonattainment areas) as mandated by the new Clean Air Act amendments. Technical
support will also be provided for implementing other mobile source related
pollution abatement programs, such as transportation control measures, mandated
by the new amendments. In addition, audits and follow-ups of state and local
inspection and maintenance programs will continue. EPA will promulgate
regulations which require all gasoline sold in the nine worst ozone non-
attainment areas be reformulated to be less polluting.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $19,205,800 supported by 111.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,256,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,949,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These resources support the implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990.
In 1991 the mobile source standards program begins the development of the
aggressive program outlined in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Regulatory
work on clean fuels will result in proposals of clean fuel vehicle credit
programs and compressed natural gas vehicle standards. Tier 1 tailpipe standards
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will be promulgated. Work will begin on & study of air toxics related to mobile
sources. The Emissions Factor Program will continue to determine emissions from
in-use vehicles to provide pertinent information for air quality modeling by the
Agency and state and local Jurisdictions. Work will begin on a study to assess
the impact on air quality of emissions from non-road vehicles and engines,
Guidance for basic inspection and maintenance and enhanced inspection and
maintenance will be published. In addition, 15 audits and follow-ups of state
and local inspection and maintenance programs will be completed. EPA will also
promulgate regulations requiring that all gasoline sold in the nine worst ozone
non-attainment areas be reformulated to be less polluting.
|990 AccpmpXAfhaents
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $11,058,600 supported by 92.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,192,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,866,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation,
In 1990 the standards program continued to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. Work on clean fuels included emissions
characterization and technology assessment for fuels such as compressed natural
gas, alcohol, and propane. The regulatory program continued to concentrate on
control of excess hydrocarbon emissions, formaldehyde, methanol, and
particulates, as well as fuels. Revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon standards
were proposed. The final rules for controlling diesel fuel composition and Phase
II gasoline volatility were published. Also, the final rule for heavy-duty
emissions banking and trading was published. Testing of in-use vehicles to
develop emission factors was conducted. A pilot study was initiated to assess
alternative sampling methodologies for developing in-use emission factors. The
objective was to determine the most effective way to close gaps in data on actual
emissions from in-use vehicles. Support to the development of state
implementation plans continued with emphasis on inspection and maintenance
programs for in-use vehicles. A total of 15 formal audits and follow-ups of
state and local inspection and maintenance programs were completed. Work
continued on the development of the transportation control measures guidance.
TESTING^..TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,375,300 supported, by 100.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,775,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,600,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $647,400 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,750,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 6,3 total workyears. The
increases will support implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
This program will continue to provide testing, technical, and
administrative support to the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources
at the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) located in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Testing will increase on in-use vehicles in support of the emissions factors and
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recall programs. Approximately 2,200 in-use vehicle tests will be performed at
the MVEL. In addition, tests on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will continue
to be conducted to support the implementation and enforcement of the standards
for these engines. General activities will continue to support recall,
tampering, and fuel switching, standard-setting, emissions characterization,
technology assessment, fuel economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, and
motor vehicle emission certification. The support will also continue to provide:
automated data processing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data
acquisition, and computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure
emissions and fuel economy; quality assurance and control and correlation
services for EPA «nd industry testing programs; maintenance and engineering
design of emission testing equipment; and personnel, administrative, safety,
environmental compliance, and facilities support services. Testing and analysis
of fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes (including volatility control)
will increase as enforcement of the Phase II gasoline volatility rules begins.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,272,700 supported by 94.4 total
workyears for this program, of which §7,422,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $850,200 is from for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This will support the implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990.
In 1991 this program provides testing, technical, and administrative
support to the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the MVEL.
Approximately 1,000 tests will be performed on prototype vehicles and 1,600 tests
on in-use vehicles in support of the emissions factors and recall programs. In
addition, tests on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will be conducted to support
the" implementation and enforcement of the standards for these engines. General
activities will support recall, tampering and fuel switching, standard-setting,
emissions characterization, technology assessment, fuel economy, in-use vehicle
emissions assessment, and motor vehicle emission certification. The support will
also provide: ADP timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition, and
computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel
economy; quality assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and
industry testing programs; maintenance and engineering design of emission testing
equipment; and personnel, administrative, safety, environmental compliance, and
facilities support services. Activities related to converting the MVEL into a
Federal facility are supported. Testing and analysis of approximately 9,300 fuel
samples collected for enforcement purposes (including volatility control) will
continue.
].990 Aceomp 1 ishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $6,416,400 supported by 95.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,766,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $650,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The 1990 program focused on increasing the efficiency of the testing,
technical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or expanding
the quality and quantity of outputs.
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Testing support to the certification, fuel economy, and in-use compliance
and assessment programs produced approximately 2,600 tests. Testing activities
supported at the MVEL range from performing standard, well-established
engineering tests, to the development and performance of new test procedures to
accommodate new program needs or changing technology.
Routine testing and analysis of 3,900 fuel samples collected in the field
were completed to continue enforcement of fuels regulations for volatility and
contaminants. Correlation programs to maintain equivalent test procedures
between manufacturers and EPA continued. Test equipment maintenance,
calibration, and repair services were provided. The adequacy of existing
procedures and equipment to test newer technology vehicles was evaluated. When
necessary, new equipment and procedures were designed. In addition, personnel,
facility support services, safety, ADP, and administrative management functions
continue to be provided at the MVEL.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1992 Program feequest
The Agency requests a total of $3,472,400 supported by 47.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,209,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $263,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $780,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $130,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 10.6 total workyears. The increases
will support implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity
of applications for certification of original equipment manufacturers of
light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles is expected to continue.
In 1992 the in-use assessment program will continue to focus on the
effectiveness of on-board diagnostic systems in identifying component failure.
Rules to standardize such systems will be promulgated and implemented. Work will
continue on suspected problems with manufacturers' alleged use of defeat devices.
As required by the Amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1990, a study of the
Federal test procedures to determine if the procedures driving cycles and test
parameters remain representative of in-use conditions will be published. In
addition, rules to incorporate into the Federal test procedure an inspection and
maintenance short test cycle to improve the effectiveness of inspection and
maintenance programs will be promulgated.
The statutory fuel economy information program will continue to produce
labels, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) calculations, and data for the Gas
Mileage Guide, in accordance with the revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling
requirements. EPA will promulgate revisions to light-duty durability procedures.
Revisions will include improvements to the current mileage accumulation cycle and
provision for alternative accelerated durability procedures.
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1991
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,561,600 supported by 37.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,428,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $133,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These resources support implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendment of 1990.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity
of applications for certification of approximately 100 original equipment
manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles.
Participation in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is
expected to continue. Approximately 40 certificate holders will be bringing
non- conforming imports into compliance.
In 1991 the in-use assessment program will continue to focus on the
effectiveness of on-board diagnostic systems in identifying component failure.
Rules to standardize such systems will be proposed. Work will continue on
suspected problems with manufacturers' use of defeat devices. As required by the
Amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1990, a study will be undertaken to assess the
validity of the Federal test procedure and promulgate revisions if appropriate.
In addition, work will be undertaken to incorporate into the Federal test
procedure an inspection and maintenance short test cycle to improve the
effectiveness of inspection and maintenance programs. Rules to implement these
Federal test procedure changes and the mobile source fees program will be
promulgated .
The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried out, with
the provision of 1,000 labels, 50 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
calculations, and data for the Gas Mil gage Guide . Revised CAFE and fuel economy
labeling rules required by the Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) will be
published. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing the changes required by
these revisions will be provided. A report to Congress (also required by the
AMFA) will be issued. EPA will propose revisions to light-duty durability
standards. Anticipated revisions will include improvements to the current
mileage accumulation cycle and provision for alternative accelerated durability
procedures .
1990 Accomplishments,
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $2,195,900 supported by 36.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,166,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $29,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The emissions certification program continued to issue certificates of
compliance to approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles continued to increase. EPA
issued 31 certificates of conformity to Independent Commercial Importers (ICI).
Certification engineering review continued to deter the production of vehicle
designs incapable of meeting emission standards. In 1990 the in-use program
placed emphasis on assessment of emission control diagnostic systems and their
effectiveness in isolating emission control component failure. A rule to
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standardize these systems was drafted. Work also focused on suspected problems
with manufacturers' use of defeat devices, as well as on emissions under
conditions different from the Federal test procedure.
The statutory fuel economy information program was carried out, with 1,300
labels, 66 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide was produced.
Revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling rules required by AMFA were proposed.
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AIR
State Programs RMOurct Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
Abatement Control and $99.098.3 $138,275.0 $138,275.0 $162,700.0 *24,«5.0
Compliance
TOTAL $99,098.3 $138.275.0 $138,275.0 $162,700.0 $24,425.0
Training
Salaries I Expenses $270.3 $259.1 $259.1 $269.1 $10.0
TOTAL $270.3 $259.1 $259.1 $269.1 $10.0
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $270.3 $259.1 $259.1 $269.1 $10.0
Abatement Control and $99,098.3 $138,275.0 $138,275.0 $162,700.0 $24,425.0
Compliance
State Programs TOTAL $99,368.6 $138,534.1 $138,534.1 $162,969.1 $24,435.0
Resource AM i stance
PERMANENT UORKTEARS
Training 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
Training 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
TOTAL UORKTEARS 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
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AIR
State Programs Eesource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $162,969,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for 1992, an Increase of $24,435,000 and no change In total workyears
from 1991. Of the request, $269,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $162,700,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $10,000 and an increase of $24,425,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION
3.992 Program Request:
The Agency requests a total of $162,700,000 all of which will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$24,425,000 which will support implementation of new or expanded requirements in
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, particularly in the areas of NAAQSs
nonattainment, air toxics, acid rain, and operating permit programs.
In 1992 the control agency support program will focus on implementation of
the requirements contained in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. A major
portion of this effort will be directed towards the development and revision of
state implementation plans for the purpose of demonstrating attainment of the
NAAQSs for ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-10, sulfur dioxide, and lead. Mobile
source control programs including enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance
programs, stage II vapor recovery programs, and transportation control measures
will be developed and implemented. Efforts will also focus on completing and
submitting draft inventories for all carbon monoxide and ozone nonattainment
areas and for revising them in response to EPA reviews. Quality assurance
efforts will continue until the final submissions are made early in 1993.
Emissions databases will be developed•. for use in concert with photochemical
dispersion models that must be developed for multi-state ozone nonattairuaent
areas. PM-10 activities will focus on new PM-10 nonattainment areas that must
develop SIP revisions and control strategies that demonstrate attainment of the
PM-10 air quality standard. Inventories for the initial PM-10 nonattainment
areas will be submitted and work on inventories for additional PM-10
nonattainment areas will be initiated. In order to fulfill specific requirements
addressing fugitive emissions from surface coal mines, efforts will focus on
compiling source and meteorological data to be used in EPA evaluations of current
dispersion models.
In 1992 state efforts will focus on development of comprehensive permit
programs that will meet EPA requirements. States will be required to develop and
implement operating permit programs that will require all major sources to apply
for and obtain permits to operate.
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In 1992 a multi-year monitor replacement effort will continue. This effort
will upgrade and replace worn-out or obsolete monitors that are currently being
used by the states. In addition, a pilot program will be initiated to develop
air toxics monitoring that will support studies of the Great Lakes and other
boundary waters.
As rule-effectiveness criteria are developed and as the cut-off size of
major sources is expanded to encompass a larger universe of sources, enhanced
enforcement and compliance tracking requirements will be stipulated for state and
local agencies. States will develop and improve compliance management and
tracking systems and compliance forecasting systems. In addition, states will
focus on carrying out radionuclide enforcement activities. States will also
focus on developing expertise necessary for successful implementation of the acid
rain program.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $138,275,000 all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 a major focus of the control agency support program is the
implementation of the requirements contained in the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. States will validate and refine air quality data needed to define certain
portions of their respective states as nonattainment areas for ozone, carbon
monoxide, PM-10 and sulfur dioxide. The classification of these areas as
nonattainment will invoke a number of planning and control requirements that will
result in almost all states revising their implementation plans to demonstrate
attainment of the NAAQSs by the applicable deadlines. Efforts to correct and
modify existing RACT regulations for volatile organic compounds and efforts to
expand the inspection and improve the compliance of Class A and B sources of
volatile organic compounds in nonattainment areas are continuing. A major
objective in 1991 is to develop draft year-of-enactment inventories for all point
sources and to initiate work on area and mobile source inventories for all ozone
and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. States will be adopting and
implementing additional mobile source control programs, including enhanced
vehicle inspection and maintenance programs, and regulations addressing gasoline
vapor recovery systems and oxygenated fuel requirements. States will also be
analyzing the effectiveness of current volatile organic compound control programs
in order to correct these programs as necessary. Follow-on efforts within the
Northeast to apply the regional ozone model to identify transport and assess
control options over large areas continue. Major efforts are underway to develop
other data bases needed for attainment demonstration modeling such as non-methane
organic compound data. Efforts to develop projection year inventories were begun
during 1991.
State and local agencies are initiating activities to develop and adopt new
operating permit program requirements. States are also continuing various
elements of their multi-year plans for building and implementing programs for
assessing and reducing exposure to air toxics and are reviewing their program
capabilities to implement new toxic program requirements. States are developing
required state implementation plan revisions and inventories for those areas
designated nonattainment for PM-10 and sulfur dioxide. In addition, states are
performing necessary analyses and preparing plan revisions to meet the NAAQS for
lead where nonattainment problems have been identified. States will be verifying
2-53
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emission inventory data for power plants and utility boilers to meet acid rain
program requirements .
Ambient monitoring efforts to expand and enhance monitoring sites for
ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM-10 are underway. In addition, states will begin
a multi-year effort to replace obsolete and worn-out monitors. The establishment
of additional continuous monitoring sites for ozone precursors such as nonme thane
organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide are being completed. States continue to
operate sulfur dioxide monitoring networks and inspect major sulfur dioxide
sources. State prevention of significant deterioration and new source review
programs are also continuing.
States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by all major stationary sources,
including timely and appropriate responses to violations. Emphasis continues on
identifying contractors that violate the asbestos demolition and renovation
regulations and talcing appropriate follow-up action. In addition, states are
continuing to fully operate and monitor the quality of the National Air
Monitoring System and State and Local Air Monitoring System networks and to
assume responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.
C on gr.es s i ona JL, ..... JD irectlves. A total of $575,000 is for four Congressionally
directed projects: Northeast interstate nonattainment and visibility problems,
Sacramento air quality modeling study, the South Coast Air Quality Management
District's alternative fuels options demonstration project, and the high altitude
testing laboratory in Denver, Colorado.
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $99,098,300 all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 much of the control agency support program focused on the
implementation of the Agency's post- 1987 attainment requirements for ozone and
Carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. States worked on revisions to their
implementation plans required by EPA's May 1988 and November 1989 calls for plan
revisions. Efforts to correct and modify existing RACT regulations and other
control measures for volatile organic compounds continued, Draft base year
emissions inventories for ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas were
completed in 1990 with revisions, updates, and improved quality assurance reviews
continuing. The collection of nonme thane organic compound and nitrogen oxides
data continued. States also continued to analyze the effectiveness of current
volatile organic compound control programs in order to determine the need to
modify these programs. Efforts to expand the Class A and B volatile organic
compound source inspection program and the compliance level of these sources
continued. Efforts to identify long-range transport and assess control options
over large areas continued in the Northeast.
States continued to prepare required PM-10 implementation plans for Group
I areas . States also performed analyses and prepared plans for Group II areas
where nonattainment problems were identified. Work continued on establishing the
PM-10 ambient monitoring network. States continued to operate sulfur dioxide
monitoring networks and inspect major sulfur dioxide sources. State and local
agencies continued to implement various elements of their multi-year development
2-54
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plans for building and implementing programs for assessing and reducing exposure
to air toxics. State/local agencies worked to identify and integrate air toxics
considerations Into current regulatory programs for both ozone and PM-10.
States continued to carry out source inspection and monitoring programs to
assure both initial and continuous compliance by major stationary sources.
States continued to identify contractors that violated the asbestos demolition
and renovation regulations and took appropriate follow-up actions , States also
continued to operate and monitor the quality of air monitoring networks and to
assume responsibility for implementing NSPS and NESHAPS regulations,
Resources to support specialized training for state/local personnel
involved in abatement and control activities were continued in 1990. Support for
three special projects was provided in 1990, These projects are: Northeast
interstate nonattainment and visibility problems , the South Coast Air Quality
Management District's alternative fuels options demonstration project, and the
San Joaquin Valley ozone modeling effort.
TRAINING
199?, ..... Proram
The Agency requests a total of §269,100 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation,
In 1992 the Agency will continue to emphasize its programs of training
persons involved in air pollution control at the state and local level in order
to effectively implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The program will
manage $2.3 million provided in the Control Agency Resource Supplementation
program to develop, revise, and deliver short courses addressing Clean Air Act
requirements using a number of university area training centers. Self-
instructional training, videos, and workshops will also be provided.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $259,100 supported by 4,0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. ,
In 1991 the Agency is managing its program of training persons involved in
air pollution control at the state and local level. The program is developing,
updating, and revising short courses to address the new Clean Air Act Amendments.
In addition, self -instructional training is being provided to persons involved
in abatement and air pollution control at the state and local level. Technical
support is being provided to states and Regions which provide funding for
planning specialty workshops and training courses.
1990 AqcomplishnieTits
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $270,300 supported by 4.0 total
workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
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In 1990 the Agency managed the development, revision, and delivery of short
courses-and self*instructional materials with major emphasis on the development
of training courses in the areas of PM-10, ozone and carbon monoxide, and
permitting. The Agency also provided technical support to states and Regions
planning workshops and training courses. In addition, existing courses were
updated as a result of regulatory change.
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AIR
Air Quality Management laplenentatfon
ACTUAL ENACTO CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries t Expense! $13,317.0 $15,252.2 §15.252.0 §19,518.3 $4,266.3
AbetMMnt Control and §2,303.3 §3,672.9 §3,672.9 §322.9 -$3,350.0
Compliance
TOTAL §15,620.3 §18,925.1 §18,924.9 §19,841.2 §916.3
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses §13,317.0 §15,252.2 §15,252.0 §19,518.3 §4,266.3
Abatement Control and §2,303.3 §3,672.9 §3,672.9 §322.9 -§3,350.0
Compliance
Air Quality TOTAL §15,620.3 §18,925.1 §18,924.9 §19,841.2 §916.3
Nanagenent Implementation
PERMANENT UORKYEAR5
Air Quality Management 256.3 300.7 300.7 368.2 67.5
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT IIORKYEARS 256.3 300.7 300.7 368.2 67.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Afr OuaKty Management 270.4 314.8 314.8 368.2 53.4
iKplenentation
TOTAL HOROTARS 270.4 314.8 314.8 368.2 53.4
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,841,200 supported by 368.2 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $916,300 and 53.4 total workyears from 1991,
Of the request, $19,518,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$4,266,300 and a decrease in the Abatement,, Control and Compliance appropriation
of $3,350,000.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,841,200 supported by 368.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,518,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,266,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation of $3,350,000. The increase of 53.4 total workyears
will support implementation of new or expanded provisions of the Clean Air Act
of 1990, particularly requirements for attainment of NAAQSs, reduction of air
toxics, and establishment of permit and fee programs. The decrease in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation represents completion of selected
special projects.
In 1992 the Regional air quality management program will give priority to
development of state implementation plans to attain ozone and carbon monoxide
NAAQSs, New requirements in the revised Clean Air Act include: developing
attainment demonstrations based upon application of photochemical dispersion
models for multi-state ozone nonattainment areas, updating base year emission
inventories to 1990, and expanding inventories to include additional sources
based on an area's nonattainment classification (i.e. , moderate, serious, severe,
or extreme). During 1992 the Regions will perform detailed reviews of year-of-
enactment inventories and initiate new programs to quality assure critical
inventory components.
Regional offices will provide assistance and guidance to states in
developing processes and methods to allow for regular updating (every three
years) of emissions Inventories for ozone precursors (volatile organic compounds
and nitrogen oxides), carbon monoxide, and PM-10, Regional offices will also
develop quality assurance programs for PM-10 emissions Inventories. In addition,
Regional offices will develop and Implement tracking systems in order to
determine actual emissions reductions and to verify that states are meeting
reasonable further progress requirements.
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Requirements for PM-10 will apply to a number of new areas where states
will require guidance and technical assistance in developing their control
strategies, inventories, and plan revisions to meet the requirements of the new
Clean Air Act. Regional offices will provide assistance to states and local
agencies in developing regulations to implement RACMs for PM-10 sources.
Regional sulfur dioxide program efforts will • focus on correcting
deficiencies in state implementation plans for sulfur dioxide. States must
correct the plans in order to provide a compliance base for sources applying for
permits under the new operating permit programs that will become operational
during the next few years. States must establish operating permit program
requirements for all major stationary sources. Regional offices will provide
assistance and guidance to states as they develop and implement operating permit
programs.
The operating permit program applies to sources of air toxics as well as
to sources of the criteria pollutants. The new Clean Air Act allows toxics
sources to seek early reductions in emissions. Regional offices will review
requests from toxics sources and assess alternate compliance programs for these
sources. Regional offices with states bordering the Great Lakes will provide
support to an air toxic deposition study for the Great Lakes basin.
1991Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $18,924,900 supported by 314.8
total workyears to this program, of which §15,252,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,672,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the Regional air quality management program will give highest
priority to implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Regions will
provide detailed technical guidance and assistance to states as they begin the
process of designating areas as nonattainment for ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-10,
sulfur dioxide and lead. The designation process will require Regional offices
to review state-submitted air quality data and prepare Federal Register actions
classifying the various areas for which the states submit air quality data. In
addition, Regions will provide assistance in compiling draft year-of-enactment
emissions inventories for volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide and in
developing control strategies for meeting the attainment requirements of the new
Act. State efforts to correct and improve existing RACT regulations for volatile
organic compounds will extend into 1991. Regions will evaluate the adequacy of
State legislative authority for adopting and implementing the operating permit
and fee requirements of the new Act and will provide guidance and direction to
states in developing operating permit programs.
Regional offices will implement other air quality management programs that
include: (1) providing guidance to states in correcting their implementation
plans for lead; (2) assisting state and local agencies in reviewing early
emission reduction plans submitted by toxics sources; and (3) performing other
functions such as managing the air grants process, selectively implementing the
National Air Audit System, and assisting states in the implementation of the
programs for new source review and prevention of significant deterioration. In
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1991 states will be implementing nitrogen oxides increments for the prevention
of significant deterioration program.
Congressional Directives. A total of $3,350,000 is for two Congressionally
directed projects, ozone modeling for the lower Lake Michigan area and an air
pollution study for the Baton Rouge/New Orleans corridor.
1990Accoaplighments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $15,620,300 supported by 270.4
total workyears, of which $13,317,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,303,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 one of the major priorities of the Regional air quality management
program was implementation of the Agency's post-1987 policy for correcting and
upgrading state plans for ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas. The
Regional offices worked with state and local agencies to correct and improve
existing regulations and control measures and enhance overall program
effectiveness. EFA and states also spent considerable effort on the application
of a regional ozone model in the Northeast, completing monitoring activities and
data base development.
The Regional offices reviewed, processed, and took rulemaking actions on
state submitted revisions for PM-10 and sulfur dioxide implementation plans. The
state implementation plan reform process, begun by the Regional offices in 1989,
continued to reduce the "backlog" of plan revisions in 1990. The Regions
provided assistance to state and local agencies in implementing their multi-year
development plans for continuing air toxics programs. The Regions also continued
to manage the air programs grant process and assist states in the implementation
of the prevention of significant deterioration and new source review programs.
The Regional offices also expended substantial effort on development of court-
mandated Federal Implementation plans for several ozone and carbon monoxide
nonattainment areas. EFA proposed federal implementation plans for the Chicago
and Los Angeles areas in 1990.
In 1990 support was provided for four special projects: ozone modeling for
the lower Lake Michigan area, an air pollution study for the Baton Rouge/New
Orleans corridor, ozone modeling for the Sacramento area, and the El Paso/Juarez
air quality study. •'<
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AIR
Trends Monitor fog I> Progress Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries I Expense* $3,859.6 §6,071.4 $4,071.2 $4,786.8 S715.6
Abatement Control and $98.8 $122.8 $122,8 $122.8
CorapL i ance
TOTAL $3,958.4 $4,194.2 $4,194.0 $4,909.6 $715.6
Afr Quality i Emissions
Data Management S
Analysis
Salaries t Expenses $5,123.9 $5,994.8 $5,994.8 $7,690.1 $1,695.3
Abatement Control and $6,076.1 $12,769.4 $12,769.4 $23,969.4 $11,200.0
Compliance
TOTAL $11,200.0 $18,764.2 $18,764.2 $31,659.5 $12,895.3
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $8,983.5 $10,066.2 $10,066.0 $12,4?6.9 $2,410.9
Abatement Control and $6,174.9 $12,892.2 $12,892.2 $24,092.2 $11,200.0
Compliance
Trends Monitoring TOTAL $11,158.4 $22,958.4 $22,958.2 $36,569.1 $13,610.9
Progress Assessment
PERMANENT yORKYEARS
Ambient Air Ouality 74.3 81,5 81.5 90.3 8.8
Monitoring
Afr Quality t Emissions 79,7 92.0 92.0 114.3 22.3
Data Management £
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 154.0 173.5 173.5 204.6 31.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 80.1 86.1 86.1 90.3 4.2
Monitoring
Afr Quality I, Emissions 81.9 92.0 92.0 ' 114.3 22.3
Data Management I
Analysis
TOTAL tWRKYEARS 162.0 178.1 178.1 204.6 26.5
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $36,569,100 supported by 204.6 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $13,610,900 and 26.5 total workyears from
1991. Of the request, $12,476,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $24,092,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $2,410,900 and an increase of $11,200,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
AMBIENT AIRQUALITY MONITORING
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,909,600 supported by 90.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,786,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation and $122,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $715,600 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. The increase of 4.2 total workyears will support expanded efforts
to plan and oversee enhanced monitoring networks for carbon monoxide, ozone, and
ozone precursors and to assist in a multi-year study to develop improved emission
factors' and dispersion models for estimating the impact of surface coal mines.
In 1992 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management
of state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the National Air
Monitoring System and the State and Local Air Monitoring System data base. Data
analyses including air quality trend information will be developed as input to
the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional
laboratories will continue to participate in the national air audit program. PM"
10 monitors established or moved during 1991 will require review and site visits
to verify compliance with EPA air monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10
ambient data and sampling frequency will be performed and will include data
critical to classification determinations and identification of possible control
strategies. Field support will be provided to, a multi-year initiative to improve
the factors and models used in estimating the impact on PM-10 air quality from
emissions at surface coal mines. The Regions will continue to provide quality
assurance support to Indian Tribes and to assist in developing ambient monitoring
programs.
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state and local
programs in refining and validating data bases needed to prepare state
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implementation plans for 96 ozone areas and 41 carbon monoxide areas. Support
to the upgrading of the ambient networks for these areas will be expanded with
special emphasis on planning and implementing enhancements to ozone and precursor
networks in areas classified as "serious," "severe" and "extreme."
Support to the Agency's toxic monitoring program will continue with support
to state and local ambient monitoring programs on methods, siting and quality
assurance, support to the Toxics Air Monitoring System sites maintained by the
Office of Research and Development and support to control agencies in evaluating
the impact of specific toxic emission sources and refining toxic emission data
bases. Support will also be provided to new Agency efforts to establish ambient
toxics sampling in the vicinity of the Great Lakes and other major boundary
waters.
1991Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $4,194,000 supported by 86.1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,071,200 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $122,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management
of state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the National Air
Monitoring System and the State and Local Air Monitoring System data base. Data
analyses including air quality trend information will be developed as input to
the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional
laboratories will continue to participate in .the national air audit program, PM-
10 monitors established or moved during 1990 will require review and site visits
to verify compliance with EPA air monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10
ambient data and sampling frequency will be performed and will include data
critical to classification determinations and identification of possible control
strategies.
Regional Office implementation of the Toxics Air Monitoring System network
will involve coordinating operational improvements with the Office of Research
and Development and state and local agencies. Resources will also be used to
provide monitoring and quality assurance support and technical assistance to
states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic air pollutants from
sources considered for regulation under state control programs. Support for
state and local toxics efforts in urban areas will continue with management,
coordination, and technical assistance provided to complete or refine toxics
emission data bases and to improve state and local ambient monitoring
capabilities.
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state and local
programs developing data bases needed to prepare state implementation plans.
This will include data bases for 96 ozone areas and 41 carbon monoxide areas as
well as additional areas identified through 1989 or 1990 exceedances. This
effort will include coordination of the periodic nonmethane organic
• '•' 2K63
x -v
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compounds/nitrogen Oxides sampling programs. Oversight of revisions to the
carbon monoxide and ozone ambient networks will continue with emphasis on
evaluating networks for newly identified nonattainment areas and implementing
corrective actions. The Regions will continue to provide quality assurance
support to Indian Tribes and to assist in developing ambient monitoring programs.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $3,958,400 supported by 80.1 total
workyears, of which $3,859,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $98,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 the Regional offices coordinated the collection, validation, and
submission of ambient data with emphasis on areas developing revised state
implementation plans for ozone and carbon nonoxide. Ambient network support
focused on eliminating air monitoring sites having marginal utility and in
identifying changes needed to adequately monitor current or projected areas of
ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment. In addition, the Regions assisted states
in implementing network plans for ambient monitoring of PM-10, completing quality
assurance plans necessary to meet EPA requirements and in developing multi-year
plans for replacement of ambient monitors and related equipment. On-site audits
of 320 monitors were conducted including 50 newly established PM-10 sites. The
Regions also assisted 36 state and local agencies in assessing potential risks
from toxic pollutants through ambient sampling and 30 agencies in developing
emission inventories. The Regions also provided quality assurance support to
Indian Tribes and assistance in developing ambient monitoring programs.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA ....MANAGEMENT..AND .ANALYSIS
1992Program Request • .
The Agency requests a total of $31,659,500 supported by 114.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,690,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $23,969,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,695,300 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $11,200,000 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 22.3
workyears from 1991. The increases reflect resources needed to implement new
requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 for air toxics, NAAQSs
attainment, and operating permits.
Both of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) subsystems will
be maintained and guidance will be provided to users. A total of three to five
additional states will be provided with access to the Facility Subsystem. New
software to support high priority reports and analyses will be implemented for
both subsystems. Additional AIRS software to*track, summarize, and display air
quality and emission data relating to ozone and carbon monoxide regulatory
programs will be developed.
Support of headquarters, Regional office, and state and local modeling of
both NAAQSs and toxics pollutants will be continued as will on-going efforts to
evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models and guidance. Implementation
of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy will continue and include planning and
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coordination of efforts to establish toxic sampling in the vicinity of the Great
Lakes and other major boundary waters. Support to the development of MACT
standards and standards for municipal waste eotnbustors will be increased through
an expanded test program and accelerated development of test methods. Technical
support to state and local test programs will be continued. The program will
continue to test emissions of selected toxic sources and to publish emission
factors and related guidance to support state toxics programs. The program will
also continue to prepare analyses of ambient and emission trends, issue status
and trends reports and provide national oversight of state implementation plan
ambient monitoring.
Technical support to the ozone/carbon monoxide program will be continued
with expanded support provided in seven critical areas: (1) Development of a new
system for storing, retrieving, and analyzing emissions inventory data on smaller
(area) sources and for mobile sources. This will complement related EPA
capabilities for handling inventory data from large (point) sources and will be
a major module of AIRS; (2) Technical support to state and local programs to
enhance carbon monoxide, ozone, and precursor monitoring networks; (3) Technical
support to the application of urban grid models in about 30 ozone areas; (4)
National oversight and quality assurance of state implementation plan emission
inventories in 96 ozone areas and 41 carbon monoxide areas; (5) Initiation of a
program to develop volatile organic compound, nitrogen oxides, and carbon
monoxide emission factors; (6) Development of guidance for tracking future
reductions to baseline emissions; and (7) Technical support to application of
EPA's Regional Oxidant Model in the Southeast and Midwest,
The program will continue to provide technical guidance to Regional offices
and to state and local agencies in applying PM-10 dispersion and receptor models,
applying PM-10 emission factors and inventory guidance, evaluating monitoring
networks and ambient data, conducting special studies, and applying methods for
testing sources of particulates. Efforts to develop emission factors for
additional PM-10 source categories will be expanded. A multi-year study will be
initiated to improve the emission factors and dispersion models used to assess
the air quality impact of emissions from surface coal mines. Studies will be
completed of the impact of the Mohave Power Plant on visibility in and near Grand
Canyon National Park.
The request will allow accelerated development of data management systems
needed to store and retrieve data on permits an
-------
Development of a new system for storing, retrieving, and analyzing emissions
inventory data on smaller (area) sources and on mobile sources - this will
complement related EPA capabilities Cor handling inventory data from large
(point) sources and will be a major module of AIRS. (2) Development of ambient
monitoring guidance and proposed rules to facilitate the correction of
deficiencies in current networks, the establishment of long-term networks for
sampling ozone precursors, and the implementation of enhanced networks in newly
identified areas. (3) Development of technical guidance for the future
application of urban grid models; provision of technical and operational support
to state and local modeling efforts for both carbon monoxide and ozone areas; and
initiation of work on long-term application of Regional Oxidant Models in three
regions, (4) Initiation of programs for managing, tracking, and quality assuring
emission inventory data including data quality reviews of state implementation
inventories for national consistency. Also, efforts will be initiated to develop
prescriptive requirements for preparing point and area source inventories.
Efforts to develop improved methodologies for compiling inventories will
be continued as will efforts to develop and issue PM-10 emission factors for
significant sources of particulates. Support of headquarters, Regional office
and state and local modeling of both NAAQSs and toxic pollutants will be
continued as will on-going efforts to evaluate model accuracy and provide refined
models and guidance. Implementation of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy
will continue. Emission testing support will continue and include technical
support to state and local agencies. The program will also continue to prepare
analyses of ambient and emission trends, issue status and trends reports and
provide national oversight of state implementation ambient monitoring. Analyses
will be initiated to study the impact of emissions from the Mohave Power Plant
on visibility in and near Grand Canyon National Park.
Expanded air toxics support will be provided in four areas: <1)
development of emission test methods for MACT standards to be issued within two
and four years of enactment; (2) provision of technical support to states on test
method application; (3) development of emission factors to support state
implementation of toxics programs; and (4) conduct of dispersion analyses for
proposed MACT standards and to assist in developing guidance for screening
analyses,
Both of the AIRS subsystems will be maintained and guidance provided to
users. A total of 12 to 15 additional states will be provided access to the
facility Subsystem and new software to support high priority reports and analyses
will be implemented for both subsystems. Additional AIRS software to track,
summarize, and display air quality and emission data relating to ozone and carbon
monoxide regulatory programs will be developed.
CongressionalDirectives. A total of $2,500,000 is for a Congressionally
directed project, the pollutant tracer study at the Mohave Power Plant.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $11,200,000 supported by 81.9 total
workyears, of which $5,123,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,076,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
• V
2-66 , :
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In 1990 comprehensive user support and enhanced software was provided to
50 agencies using the AIRS Air Quality Subsystem. Large emission and compliance
data bases were converted and refined and the baseline software and files for the
AIRS Facility Subsystem (AFS) were placed in operation. AFS user training was
provided to staff from all Regional offices, 39 states, 1 territory and 19 local
agencies. User support was provided to over 35 agencies which opted to access
AFS directly. To support future Inventory efforts, design work on a system for
storing and retrieving area source data was modified to include mobile source
data. Support was provided to future ozone and carbon monoxide state
implementation plan revisions with emphasis on guidance for preparing emission
inventories, assistance in preparing data bases and applying grid and statistical
models, and completion of the multi-year project to assess the regional transport
of ozone and precursors in the Northeast. Other major activities included:
publication of the Air Quality and Emissions Trend Report for 1988; development
of new PM-10 emission factors for five source categories; technical support to
the Regional offices and states on application of factors for PM-10 and other
pollutants; completion of a study to apply urban grid models for ozone to five
cities; and emission test support to headquarters offices developing emission
standards and to state and local agencies in applying test methods.
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AIR
Atmospheric And Indoor Air Programs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Acid Rain Program
Salaries t Expanses
Abatement Control *nd
Compliance*
TOTAL
Indoor Air Program
Salaries IT Expenses
Abatement Control and
Conpli ante
TOTAL
Global Change Program
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Atmospheric 1 Indoor TOTAL
Air Programs
$2,211.8 $2,211.7 $4,390.3 $2,178.6
$2,881.8 $2.881.8 $6,481.8 $3,600.0
t5,093.6 $5,093.5 $10.872.1 $5,778.6
$834.4 $834.3 $1,452.7 $618.4
$2,305.6 $2,305.6 $5,505.6 $3,200.0
$3,140.0 $3,139.9 $6,958.3 $3.818.4
$1,529.7 $1,529.7 $2,065.5 $535.8
$15,707.4 $15,707.4 $27,207.4 $11,500.0
$17,237.1 $17.237.1 $29,272.9 $12,035.8
$4,575.9 $4,575.7 $7.908.5 $3,332.8
$20,894.8 $20,894.8 $39,194.8 $18,300.0
$25,470.7 $25,470.5 $47,103.3 $21,632.8
PERMANENT UORCTfEARS
Acid Rain Program
Indoor Air Program
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Global Change Program
TOTAL PERMANENT VJQRCYEARS
Acid Rain Program
Indoor Air Program
Global Change Program
TOTAL UORKTEARS
32.8
13.5
24.7
71.0
32.8
13.5
24.7
71.0
32.8
13.5
24.7
71.0
32.8
13.5
24.7
71.0
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
67.8
23.5
30.7
122.0
35.0
10.0
6.0
51.0
35.0
10.0
6.0
51.0
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AIR
Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a. total of $47,103,300 supported by 122.0 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $21,632,800 and an increase of 51.0 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, §7,908,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $39,194,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,332,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $18,300,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ACID RAIN PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
In 1992 the Agency requests a total of $10,872,100 supported by 67.8 total
workyears, of which $4,390,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,481,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,178,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $3,600,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 35.0 total workyears.
The increase supports implementation of the acid rain control requirements
of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
In 1992 the acid rain program will promulgate the allowance system
regulations and initiate systems operation. States and EPA Regional offices will
review and quality assure additional utility data for allowance calculations.
Phase I allowance reserve calculations and Phase II allowances for over two dozen
source categories will be published. Final guidance will be issued on allowance
trading, sales, and auctions. The program will promulgate a Federal permit
program regulation and regulations on emissions monitoring requirements. An
emissions tracking system will be developed.
In addition, the program will issue guidance on qualifying Phase I
technology. Phase I permit applications and compliance plans, including requests
for extensions, will be reviewed and approved. The program will work with the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards on a regulation or interpretive
ruling for air quality review of clean coal technology/repowering projects. The
program will promulgate nitrogen oxide emission rate regulations, including
provisions for alternative compliance methods and emissions averaging.
Activities will also include review/approval of nitrogen oxide permit
applications and compliance plans. In addition, the program will promulgate a
regulation on permit requirements for sources electing to enter the allowance
trading program, establish an energy conservation and renewable energy technology
reserve, and review applications submitted for the reserve. The program will
also issue critical guidance on the Federal and state permit programs,
alternative nitrogen oxide emissions rates and averaging, and application
procedures for clean coal technology projects and elective sources. In addition,
the program will promulgate a regulation to collect fees from plants exceeding
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their sulfur dioxide sulfur dioxide allowances and to reduce automatically the
plants' subsequent year allocation by the excess emission amount.
The program will co-chair the Acid Deposition Subcommittee of the Air and
Radiation Research Committee and will continue to participate in on-going NAPAP
activities and will coordinate Agency acid rain related research. Workshops on
the acid rain program will be conducted and information will be disseminated to
industry and the public. The program will also begin two reports to Congress
during 1992, one on the feasibility of acid deposition standards and a second on
assessment of Canadian acid rain controls.
The program will begin preparation of a report to Congress on industrial
sulfur dioxide emissions with updates required every five years. A continuous
emissions monitoring training program will be developed and implemented. Also,
a plan to assess the economic and environmental consequences of the program will
be designed.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,093,500 supported by 32.8
total workyears to this program, of which $2,211,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,881,800 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the new Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require significantly
expanded and enhanced acid rain program development, coordination, and
implementation activities. The program proposes all the major regulations for
the acid rain program: the allowance system (trading, banking, auctions, and
sales); continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) and tracking; a Federal acid rain
permit program; nitrogen oxide emission rates for existing boilers with
provisions for averaging and alternatives; excess emissions fees and offsets; and
conservation and renewable energy incentives.
Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, an Acid Rain Advisory Committee
has been established to assist EPA in developing the most effective rules and
procedures for this new approach to environmental management. This 44-member
body, composed of utility executives, public utility commissioners, state air
directors, environmentalists, gas representatives, and others, is essential,
particularly given the added requirements and complexity of the final law.
Workshops on the acid rain control program will be conducted and information will
be disseminated to industry, states, and the public in 1991.
Also, support will be provided for participation on the United States -
Canadian Air Quality Committee in implementing the air quality accord. The
program will begin an initiative to use existing Federal, state, Regional and
organizational networks to identify informational needs and state-level projects
for encouraging increased use of energy conservation and renewables through
least-cost utility planning and voluntary private actions. The acid rain program
will also ensure completion of the 1990 NAPAP integrated assessment and carry out
the new requirements under the legislation for continuation of NAPAP. Support
will continue to be provided to DOE through the Innovative Control Technology
Advisory Panel and comments will be provided on future DOE clean coal technology
solicitations.
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1990 Accomplishments
1990 accomplishments for this program activity are described in the program
element, "National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules".
INDOORAIR PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
In 1992 the Agency requests a total of $6,958,300 supported by 23.5 total
workyears, of which $1,452,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,505,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $618,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $3,200,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 10.0 total workyears.
The increases provide for a national study of indoor air quality in large
buildings; the expansion of the Regional Training Center network, implementation
of the Agency's indoor air program at the Regional level including the
development of specialized indoor air quality courses', and the development of an
indoor air source emissions inventory for materials used in the indoor
environment.
In 1992 the indoor air program will launch the National Indoor Air Quality
Clearinghouse to provide a range of information services to the public, to state
and local indoor air personnel, to the private sector, and to the research
community. Two additional guidance documents for key indoor air quality
audiences will be completed, an introductory design guide for architects of
commercial buildings, and a physicians guide to building-related illnesses. With
the completion of these remaining guidance documents, the indoor air program will
have concluded the first round of indoor Mit quality program development by
establishing Federal guidance on the crucial elements of a national indoor air
quality strategy. The availability of guidance for consumers, homebuilders,
owners and operators of large buildings, school district administrators,
architects and engineers, and physicians will provide the knowledge base from
which a variety of more specific, targeted information products will be created
and aggressively disseminated. In 1992 additional activities will include: the
development an indoor air quality investigation handbook, a home buyers guide to
indoor air quality, and building maintenance forms and check-lists for building
operators. The Regional training centers selected to develop and offer indoor
air quality training courses in 1991 will be maintained. The program will
cooperate with the Department of Health and Human Services in evaluating the
effectiveness of specific workplace smoking policies.
The program will initiate a national study of the indoor air quality in
large buildings. This investigation of selected ccmplaint and non-complaint
buildings will provide the data needed to define the extent to which our
estimates accurately reflect the national building stock, and whether differences
in specific parameters of indoor air quality account for differences in occupant
health and comfort concerns. Resources will fund these investigators to collect
and report data in a comparable manner, as determined by indoor air quality
protocols for the study developed in 1991.
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Expansion of the Regional Training Center network through the development
of targeted courses for specific indoor air quality audiences will create a
strong foundation for an effective partnership with state and local authorities.
At the same time initiation of an indoor air source emissions inventory will
provide an important tool for consumers and key decision-makers to select lower
emitting materials in the indoor environment. This will be a crucial element in
an effective national response to indoor air quality concerns.
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,139,900 supported by 13.5
total workyears to this program, of which $834,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,305,600 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the indoor air program will continue to provide Agency leadership
and coordination within the Federal establishment. Guidance documents for
building owners and managers, for homebuilders, and for school district
administrators on indoor air quality will be completed and disseminated as will
the policymaker's guide to workplace smoking policies. A physicians handbook on
building-related illness will be under development. The National Academy of
Sciences will recommend to the program a research agenda that should be followed
to advance the nation's understanding of the phenomenon of multiple chemical
sensitivity. A preliminary report on the economic impact of mitigating indoor
air pollution will be completed. A preliminary set of protocols for conducting
investigations of both complaint and non-complaint buildings will be made
available for discussion by a select group of investigators to prepare for a
nationwide study of indoor air quality in large buildings. The next phase of the
indoor air quality training strategy for state and local governments will begin
with program support for selected Regional training centers to design, develop,
and/or offer courses on indoor air quality and related topics. The international
inventory of indoor air activities and programs compiled under the aegis of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
will be completed. The National Indoor Air Quality Clearinghouse will begin
limited operation.
199 0. Ac c omp 1 1 s hmen t s
1990 accojr.pl ishments for this program activity are described in the program
element, "National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules."
GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
In 1992 the Agency requests a total of $29,272,900 supported by 30.7 total
workyears, of which $2,065,500 will be" for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $27,207,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $535,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation; an increase of $11,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation; and an increase of 6.0 total workyears.
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The increases provide for technical data, technical support, and regulatory
activity initiatives to meet the implementation requirements of the Montreal
Protocol. In addition, the increase includes $20,000,000 In financial support
through a multi-lateral fund to help developing countries finance the Incremental
cost of shifting away from ozone depleting chemicals, for the implementation of
key provisions of the new Clean Air Act in support of the reduction of ozone
depletion chemicals including enhanced program activities and rulemakings for the
CFC/halons national recycling program and further development and implementation
of safe substitutes and alternative chemicals and products.
In 1992 the global change program will expand the tracking and
administrative controls used to operate the regulatory program. To fully
implement the amendments to the Montreal Protocol and the new Clean Air Act, the
administrative controls and tracking system will require incorporation of
additional chemicals, regulated companies, and more frequent electronic reporting
by companies. More effective communication with the United States Customs Bureau
will be required to monitor possible import violations. In addition, full
implementation of the national recycling program is required for the major air-
conditioning and refrigeration sectors to minimize the costs of the phase-out
required under the amendments to the Protocol and the Clean Air Act.
An effective compliance program will be developed for recycling. The
recycling program will also investigate options to recycle or recover these
chemicals at disposal and to expand the list of recyclable chemicals to include
hydro-fluorocarbons (HCFCs), The program will also be able to strengthen
voluntary programs for the recovery and recycling of the ozone depleting
compounds in sectors where institutional barriers may hinder such practices, A
safe alternatives program, required under the Clean Air Act, will be established
to review the environmental and health effects of the developing substitutes,
The program will include in its scope a comprehensive evaluation of developing
substitutes, and examine all of the environmental benefits and hazards of using
(or not using) substitute chemicals. This program will also assess uses (e.g.,
medical purposes, national security) that should be exempt from any phase-out for
a limited period of time. In cooperation with industry, CFC technology efforts
for substitutes and vacuum insulation will be enhanced. The global change
program will facilitate national and international technology transfer through
ad-hoc working groups and trade conferences and through the implementation of the
multi-lateral fund under the Protocol. There will be emphasis on assisting small
users in shifting out of controlled substances. The program will also
participate in scientific and technical assessments that are required under the
Montreal Protocol, facilitate the transfer of technologies to developing
countries and maintain its lead role in upcoming meetings of the Protocol
members.
To address global warming issues, the program will evaluate options to
reduce production of greenhouse gases by stabilizing methane from livestock and
coal mining and prepare reports as required under the new Clean Air Act
amendments. The program will expand efforts* to promote cost-effective energy
conservation and pollution prevention. The program will examine renewable sources
of energy such as an energy efficient lighting program and energy efficient
appliances and equipment in the residential and commercial sectors.
The global change program will support international activities for
compliance and data reporting for the Montreal Protocol; develop a list of
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products that contain regulated chemicals; Initiate development of regulations,
as required under the Protocol, that ban the import of these products from
countries that are non-parties; and continue to conduct further HCFC phase-out
activities. The program will also provide financial assistance to developing
countries through a. multi- lateral fund established by the Parties to the Protocol
to help pay for meeting the incremental cost of shifting away from ozone
depleting chemicals. The program will also be involved in negotiations involving
future changes to the Montreal Protocol.
To implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the global change
program will collect production, import, and use data on the regulated chemicals
and prepare periodic reports to Congress based on this information. The program
must respond to petitions that request that EPA expedite the schedule for the
phase-out of ozone depleting chemicals, and evaluate exemptions to the schedule
for medical purposes, fire suppression, essential uses, and national security,
In addition, the program will continue its work on recycling rulemakings that
require EPA to set the lowest achievable emissions for CFC using equipment, to
ban the sale of small canisters containing CFC refrigerants, and to set safe
disposal requirements of refrigerants. The global change program will operate
a compliance program to enforce these additional elements of a national recycling
program, including the review of certification programs for mobile air-
conditioning technicians and equipment. The program will enhance efforts to
require adoption of safe substitutes i.e., alternative chemicals and products.
The program will also prepare 3 report to Congress on the projected trends of
ozone depletion.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $17,237,100 supported by 24.7
total wor-kyears to this program, of which $1,529,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,707,400 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 implementation and support of the Montreal Protocol will require
development of rules on trading with non-participating nations, methods for
inspection of imported goods, rules to discourage export of CFC using
technologies, enhanced mechanisms to transfer non-CFC using technologies to
lesser developed countries, and technical data development and technical support
to participating Protocol nations. The program will provide financial support
through a multi-lateral fund to help developing countries finance the incremental
costs of shifting away from ozone depleting chemicals.
The domestic program under the new Clean Air Act amendments will include
administration of allocations, initiation of the development of additional rules,
and a program for a national recycling effort. In addition, the new Act will
require faster phase-out of CFCs and phase-out of chemicals not previously listed
in the Montreal Protocol, This will necessitate the development of regulatory
proposals to control methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and HCFCs. The
program will monitor the development of energy efficient and safe substitutes and
alternative chemicals and products.
In cooperation with industry, the program will accelerate efforts to
develop technologies for fire fighting and refrigeration systems, expand ammonia
use, develop better substitutes, and develop better foams. The global change
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program will continue to explore and expand its efforts relative to policies ,
practices and technological options and mechanisms for control of methane
emissions to address the greenhouse effect and will extend its efforts to explore
energy conservation measures . The program will develop a data base to inform
industry and help organize responses that enhance long-term competition,
including future foreign market opportunities.
Congressional ..... D^rgctiyej..*. A total of $9,500,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation is for three Congress ionally directed projects: the
Montreal Protocol multi-lateral facilitation fund, methane research, and Montreal
Protocol implementation,
1990 Accomplishments
1990 accomplishments for this program activity are described in the program
element, "National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules."
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement ....... . 2-76
Mobile Source Enforcement ........ , 2-81
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stationary Source
Compliance
Salaries t Expanses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
114,051.6 $17,720.1 $17,719.8 §21,195,7 S3,475.9
53,931.4 86.525.7 S6.525.7 $6,451.7 -J74.0
$17,983.0 $24,245.8 $24,245.5 $27,647.4 $3,401.9
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control
and Compliance
Stationary Source TOTAL
Enforcement
$14,051.6 $17,720.1 $17,719.8 $21,195.7 $3,475.9
$3,931.4 $4,525.7 $6,525.7 $6,451.7 -$74.0
$17,983.0 $24,245.8 $24.245.5 $27,647.4 $3,401.9
PERMANENT WORCYEARS
Stationary Source
Comptiance
281.6 344.9 344.9 382.4
37.5
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 281.6 344.9 344.9 382.4
37.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Compliance
TOTAL UORKYEARS
295.6
295.6
361.4
361.4
361.4
361.4
3BZ.4
3S2.4
21.0
21.0
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,647,400 supported by 382.4 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $3,401,900 and 21,0 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $21,195,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,451,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$3,475,900 and a decrease of $74,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
j. 9 92Pro grap Re que s.t
The Agency requests a total of $27,647,400 supported by 382,4 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,195,700 will be for Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,451,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,475,900 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $74,000 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 21.0 total workyears
from 1991. The increase will address new requirements under the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 in the areas of administrative penalties, compliance
certification, citizen suits, contractor listing programs, and field inspections.
In 1992 compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts (in concert with the
states) will ensure the compliance of state implementation plan, NSPS, and
NESHAPs sources. Implementation of the strategies for the Asbestos NESHAPs
demolition and renovation program and for benzene will continue, as will
initiatives to enforce the other NESHAPs standards. Resources will be used to
conduct asbestos demolition and renovation inspections. Efforts will support the
implementation of an expanded radionuclide compliance and enforcement program
through the inspection of sources and initiation of enforcement actions, A
comprehensive program to determine the effectiveness of volatile organic compound
rules, implementation of the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting
program to ensure better utilization of inspection resources, and workshop and
technical support will continue. Efforts to enhance volatile organic compound
source compliance in ozone nonattainment areas, including small volatile organic
compound sources, will continue. Efforts will also be directed toward
implementation of an effective program of reviewing ozone state implementation
plans and revisions for enforceability. For the PM-10 program, efforts will
focus on reviewing proposed PM-10 state implementation plans for enforceability
and ensuring compliance by sources subject to newly promulgated PM-10 SIPs.
Enforcement of continuous emission monitoring (CEM) requirements for sulfur
dioxide sources will also continue. Sulfur dioxide inspections which may result
in the need to issue administrative orders and the processing of litigation
referrals will be conducted. In addition, efforts will support the
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implementation of the continued phase-down of chlorofluorocarbon (CFG) production
and importation. State program building will be emphasized in an expanded review
and state implementation plan assistance program for assuring the enforceability
of new requirements. Support will be provided for the conduct of inspections and
enforcement of the CFC program as will as the expanding air toxics program for
radionuclide and an enhanced compliance program for acid rain, A new field
citation and penalty program will be implemented under Title VI of the new Clean
Air Act amendments. A new program will be implemented to assure that 110
companies install and operate CEM sulfur dioxide monitors for acid rain
strategies. Support will also be provided for the development of an operating
permits program. Title III toxic emission sources will be evaluated and
permitted. Headquarters Regional contract resources will support the conduct of
sulfur dioxide inspections, administrative orders, and litigation referrals,
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of §24,245,500 supported by 361.4 total
workyears to this program, of which $17,719,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,525,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 the ten EPA Regional offices are continuing their compliance
monitoring and enforcement efforts to ensure (in concert with the states) the
compliance of state implementation plan, NSPS, and NESHAPs sources.
Implementation of the strategies for the NESHAPs for asbestos demolition and
renovation program and for benzene continues, as will initiatives to enforce the
other NESHAPs, Resources are being used to conduct asbestos demolition and
renovation inspections. Additional support is being provided to an expanding
program of assisting states in following through on their enforcement of
demolition and renovation activities. Resources are also supporting compliance
and enforcement of the benzene NESHAPs. A comprehensive program to determine the
effectiveness of rules is being expanded to cover other source and pollutant
categories. Implementation of the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting
program to ensure better use of inspection resources continues as does workshop
and technical support. Resources are being directed toward implementation of an
effective program of reviewing ozone state implementation plans and revisions for
enforceability.
For the PM-10 program, the Regions are reviewing proposed PM-10 state
implementation plans for enforceability and ensuring compliance by sources
subject to newly promulgated PM-10 plan's. Enforcement of CEM requirements of
sulfur dioxide sources continues. Additional resources are supporting the
continued phase-down of CFC production and importation and supporting the
development and implementation of recycling regulations required by the changes
in the Clean Air Act. In addition, state program building is being emphasized
in an expanded review and state implementation assistance program for assuring
the enforceability of new requirements and the focus of resources for targeting
compliance efforts toward significant environmental problems.
In 1991 EPA headquarters continues to participate in- the development of
policy guidance, planning, and budgeting activities, and the review of selected
Regional activities and program performance. Headquarters is also assuring the
enforceability of proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs, NESHAPs, and
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prevention of significant deterioration programs; responding to formal inquiries;
managing the National Asbestos Registry System and the compliance portion of
AIRS; managing the level of effort contracts; and conducting technical studies,
Headquarters continues the implementation of the technical agenda by developing
jointly with the Regions a planned list of technical projects to be initiated in
1991. In addition, this program area will assure the successful implementation
of the revised asbestos demolition and renovation strategy.
During 1991 EPA headquarters is ensuring enhanced volatile organic compound
compliance by providing technical and training support to the Regions and state
agencies, issuing policy guidance, monitoring compliance and enforcement
activities, and overviewing the implementation of the rule-effectiveness
protocol. In addition, headquarters is continuing the implementation of the
laboratory program for woodstove testing, reviewing applications for woodstove
certification, monitoring certification tests, and certifying production lines.
The woodstove program is moving into the second phase of certification and
enforcement and additional resources are supporting implementation of the Random
Compliance Audit and the Selective Enforcement Audit programs. Approximately 250
woodstove production lines will be certified during 1991.
Headquarters is reviewing proposed PM-10 and ozone/carbon monoxide state
implementation plans for national enforceability issues. It is also evaluating
the effectiveness of state and EPA compliance monitoring and inspection programs.
Promoting the use and developing national guidance for CEH requirements continues
to be a major activity in 1991.
Support for the stratospheric ozone protection program is being expanded
through participation in rule development and the preparation of compliance
monitoring strategies and guidance for automobile, commercial, and residential
air conditioning and refrigeration recycling programs. This is in addition to
a doubling of the number of production facilities which must be monitored as a
result of revisions to the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol. Review of
the phaseout of CFCs and halons through monitoring compliance of manufacturers
and importers is being increased with an expected growth in the number of
violators identified and enforcement actions taken. The radionuclides and
benzene NESHAPs require the development and dissemination of implementation
guidance. The program is also supporting development of guidance relative to
applicability determinations. In addition, support is being provided to ensure
adequate direction and oversight of sir toxics compliance and enforcement efforts
resulting from nc-w Clean Air Act requirements, particularly in those states where
delegations of authority for both exis-ting and prospective standards have not
been requested. EPA is ensuring that compliance requirements are reflected in
all regulations and guidance developed for the new acid rain program.
In addition, headquarters is developing regulations and guidance for
implementation of the administrative enforcement requirements resulting from the
new Clean Air Act amendments. Hearing procedures .are being developed for use by
EPA' s new administrative penalty program. '' Also, EPA is charged with the
authority to develop a field citation program for enforcement of the stationary
source Clean Air Act requirements. In addition, EPA is developing citizen award
provisions, citizen suit guidelines, and contractor "listing procedures.
Regulations to implement the enhanced monitoring and guidance certification
authority in the new legislation are being developed.
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19 90_Jtecompl ishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $17,983,000 supported by 295.6
total workyears, of which $14,051,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,931,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 major activities in the ten Regional 'offices included the
enhancement of volatile organic compound source compliance in ozone nonattainment
areas, the implementation of a comprehensive program to determine if adopted
measures were effectively implemented and the conduct of compliance workshops to
improve inspection quality. Efforts to enable state and local air pollution
agencies to improve their technical capabilities continued. Federal enforcement
actions focused on violating sources in nonattainment areas, with emphasis on
volatile organic compound sources and on enforcing regulations for toxic air
pollutant sources. EPA worked closely with the states in this effort through
implementation of Agency guidance on "timely and appropriate" enforcement
actions. Technical support was provided to the litigation docket and included
criminal enforcement activities.
In 1990 EPA Headquarters continued oversight of Regional programs through
programmatic reviews and reviews of certain classes of enforcement actions. This
program continued to assure the enforceability of proposed EPA regulations,
managed the Compliance Data System, including activities related to the
development of the new AIRS Facility Subsystem, and the National Asbestos
Registry System; managed the level of effort contract support program; developed
technical and program guidance; and conducted planning and budgeting activities.
The compliance monitoring and inspection targeting strategy was implemented
in 1990. Implementation of the NSPS woodstoves program continued, including the
review of applications for woodstoves certification, the monitoring of
certification tests, and the evaluation of test results. Headquarters continued
oversight and evaluation of Regional and state efforts to implement enhanced
volatile organic compound compliance monitoring and inspection activities, the
rule-effectiveness assessments, and the small volatile organic compound source
strategy. Headquarters developed a comprehensive training program and compliance
determination guides for selected categories of volatile organic compound
sources. Work to promote use of CEM requirements, including support for Regional
and state efforts, also continued as a major activity. The CFC phase-down effort
in its first year, placed emphasis on the compliance enforcement program and
provided Regional office training. Five enforcement actions were taken and
settled in principal prior to the end of the first control period.
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTS) CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 199? DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries I Expense* §5,837.2 $7,798.0 §7,798.0 §8,362.9 $564.9
Abatement Control and $2,930.9 §5,116.1 §5,116.1 $5,490.1 $374.0
Conpl fence
TOTAL $8,768.1 $12,914.1 $12.914.1 $13,853.0 $938.9
TOTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses $S,837.2 $7,798.0 $7,798.0 $8,362.9 $564.9
Abatement Control and $2,930.9 $5,116.1 $5,116.1 $5,490.1 $374.0
Conpl f ance
Mobfle Source TOTAL $8.768.1 $12,914.1 $12,914.1 $13,853.0 $938.9
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source 105.1 120.3 120.3 124.3 4.0
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 105.1 120.3 120.3 124.3 4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobfle Source 107.5 120.3 120.3 124.3 4.0
Enforcement
TOTAL MORKYEARS TC7.5 120.3 120.3 124,3 4.0
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budset Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,853,000 supported by 124.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,362,900 will'be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,490,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $564,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $374,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 total workyears.
MQBILE__SQURCE gNFORCEllENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,853,000 supported by 124.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,362,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,490,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $564,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $374,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 total workyears.
The increases reflect the additional resources needed to continue the
implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
The EPA recall program will continue to investigate suspect light-duty
vehicle classes and carry out related diagnostic evaluation and remedy
development work, and continue to investigate high mileage, light-duty truck
classes to ensure and assess compliance with the more stringent full useful life
standard. The Agency will increase investigative efforts of heavy-duty gasoline
engine classes in support of the heavy-duty recall program implemented in 1991.
In addition, the Agency will continue investigations into the operations of
importers of non-conforming vehicles to ensure that certification procedures are
adequately implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program will
continue audits of light-duty vehicle manufacturer facilities, audits of
heavy-duty manufacturer facilities, and production compliance audits in support
of the nonconformance penalties (NCP) .program to ensure that new production
vehicles and engines meet emissions and NCP requirements.
The fuel inspection program will begin enforcing the more stringent Phase
II fuel volatility requirements and also sample for alcohol and other fuel
additives by collecting fuel samples from refiners, importers, distributors, and
retail outlets throughout the country. The Agency will continue to audit the
incidence of tampering and fuel switching to gauge the effectiveness of the
anti-tampering programs by state and local jurisdictions. EPA will continue to
assist with the development of state and local programs aimed at preventing
tampering and fuel switching. EPA will implement the oxygenated fuel provisions
mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
2-82
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1991Program
fhe Agency Is allocating a total of $12,914,100 supported by 120.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,798,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,116,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The EPA recall program will investigate 37 suspect light-duty vehicle
classes and carry out related diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work.
In addition, investigations to assess compliance with the more stringent full
useful life standards of high mileage, light-duty truck classes will be
conducted. The Agency will implement a small heavy-duty recall program that will
begin by investigating two heavy-duty engine classes (gasoline and diesel). In
addition, the Agency will continue investigations into the operations of
importers of non-conforming vehicles to ensure that certification procedures are
adequately implemented. The SEA program will conduct ten audits of light-duty
vehicle manufacturer facilities, five audits of heavy-duty manufacturer
facilities, and four production compliance audits in support of the NCP program
to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions and NCP
requirements.
The fuel inspection program will enforce the fuel volatility requirements
and also sample for alcohol and other fuel additives by collecting approximately
9,300 fuel samples from refiners, importers, distributors, and retail outlets
throughout the country. Lead phase-down enforcement (to ensure that refineries,
importers, and distributors are complying with the lead phase-down rules) will
decrease and involve only two audits of these fuel facilities. These inspections
are expected to lead to approximately 190 Notices of violations. A total of 450
tampering investigations will result in approximately 160 notices of violation.
The Agency will audit the incidence of tampering and fuel switching at 15 sites
primarily to gauge the effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs implemented
by state and local jurisdictions. EPA "will continue to assist with the
development of state and local programs aimed at preventing tampering and fuel
switching. Additionally, EPA will promulgate rules allowing the use of marketable
oxygen credits from gasolines with higher oxygen content to offset the sale or
use of gasoline with a lower oxygen content.
1990 Acc omp 1 i shinent s
In 1990 the-Agency obligated a total of $8,768,100 supported by 107.5 total
workyears for this program, of which: $5,837,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,930,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued the recall program with the investigation of 51 suspect
light-duty classes (22 at high altitude), together with related diagnostic
evaluation and remedy development work. , The Agency also continued the
implementation of the regulatory revisions to the imports program. The program
processed 10,617 applications for importation of nonconforming vehicles. The SEA
program conducted 12 audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities and nine audits
of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities to ensure that new production vehicles and
engines met emission requirements. The Agency answered 4,714 consumer inquiries
on emission warranty issues. The Agency also continued enforcement of the fuel
volatility rules involving the inspection and sampling of 9,353 refiners,
2-83
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Importers, distributors, and retail outlets throughout the country. These
inspections, along with the anti-tampering and anti-fuel switching enforcement
programs resulted in 258 notices of violations. Audits of tampering and fuel
switching were carried out at 15 sites. EPA continued to assist with the
implementation and assessment of state and local programs aimed at preventing
tampering and fuel switching,
2-84
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3. Water Quality
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate -
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-11
Scientific Assessment 3-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . 3-16
Health Effects , . 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology ...... 3-17
Environmental Processes and Effects ... 3-19
Great Lakes Research ...... ..... 3-21
Oil Spills ..... 3-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-24
Water Quality Management .............. 3—25
Great Lakes Program ....... .... 3-27
Chesapeake Bay Program 3—30
Effluent Standards and Guidelines ... 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs ............. .. 3-36
Clean Lakes Program 3-37
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) ..... 3-38
Water Quality Strategies Implementation ........ 3-41
Wetlands Protection ... 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program ... ... 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits ........ 3-47
Oil Spills Program ............ .... 3-49
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention ... 3-50
Standards and Regulations ......... 3-52
Nonpoint Source Management Grants ......... 3-54
Nonpoint Source Implementation . , 3-56
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis '.........,.... 3-58
Coastal Environment Management ....... 3-59
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ..... .. 3-61
Municipal Source Control .... ...... 3-64
Municipal Pollution Control ............. 3-65
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance ... 3-67
ENFORCEMENT ,
Water Quality Enforcement 3-69
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-73
V \\
*
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HATER OIALITY
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 MS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $112,044.5 $119,615.7 $119,656.5 $134,705.1 $15,048.6
Abatement Control and $228,611.2 $285,889.3 $285,889.3 $264,332.3 -$21,557.0
Compliance
Research t Development $10,869,6 $12,981.2 $12,985.5 $13,784.7 $799.2
TOTAL, Hater duality $351,525.3 $418,490.2 $418,531.3 $412,822.1 -$5,709.2
Ocean Dumping Act $1,365.9 $1,314.0 $1,314.0 -$1,314.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS • 2,008.6 2,166.4 2,166.4 2.340.8 174.4
TOTAL HORKYEARS 2,133,1 2,250.6 2,250.6 2,340.8 90.2
OUTLAYS $270,881.4 $380,802.2 $380,840.4 $376,419.9 -$4,420.5
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The yater Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at • level of $410,270.0 for 1990. Authorization for
the Clean Water Act as amended In 1987 expired on
September 30, 1989. Reauthoriietion if pending.
3-1
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WATER QUALITY
I- OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The legislative basis for EPA's water quality programs is founded in the
Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended; the Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), as amended; and the Marine Plastic Pollution Research
and Control Act of 1987 (MPPRCA). These laws direct EPA to take measures to
protect the nation's waters in order to safeguard public health, aquatic life,
recreational uses and aesthetics.
The Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, which amended the Clean Water Act,
expanded and strengthened the statute through a number of changes designed to
enhance water quality and improve the important partnership between EPA and the
states. The amended Act ratified existing programs, such as technology-based and
water quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers. It also
provided new tools, such as mandatory permits to control sewage sludge
contamination and administrative penalties to streamline enforcement actions, to
strengthen existing programs.
The WQA established new approaches to address existing water pollution
problems (e.g., new programs for control of nonpoint source pollution and
permitting of stormwater discharges); provided funds to capitalize state
revolving funds; and mandated requirements to address existing and emerging
problems, such as surface water toxic control programs. The Great Lakes Critical
Programs Act of 1990 amends the CWA to set a specific timetable for completion
of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and Lakewide Management Plans (LAMPs) in the
Great Lakes Basin.
The MPRSA is designed to protect the oceans from unregulated dumping of
material that would endanger human health, public welfare, the marine environment
or economic potential. The Act authorizes the Agency to develop criteria for
ocean disposal of industrial waste, municipal sludges and dredged materials. EPA
is authorized to designate disposal sites and is responsible for the management
and monitoring of these sites. EPA is authorized to issue permits for all non-
dredged materials; however, the Corps of Engineers is responsible for issuing
permits for dredged material, using human health and marine impact criteria
developed by EPA.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA), which amended the MPRSA, sets a December
1991 deadline to end ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste. As
directed by the Act, EPA has issued dumping permits and negotiated agreements
with the dumpers. These agreements include schedules for the ending of ocean
dumping and implementation of disposal systems. The legislation imposed two
disposal fees on permitted dumpers: an administrative fee to cover the costs of
carrying out the Act and a punitive fee to be paid by dumpers who cannot end
ocean dumping in 1991.
The MPPRCA implements Annex V of the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973). It also requires EPA to submit a
report to Congress on methods to reduce plastic pollution; assist the National
3-2
•r \\
-------
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in conducting a public education
program; and prepare a New York Bight Restoration Plan which includes addressing
the problems associated with plastic debris in the New York Bight.
The 1992 water quality program continues our effort to meet legislative
requirements and Presidential mandates related to ecological protection, toxic
contamination, nonpoint sources of pollution. Furthermore, we will maintain the
progress made to date in constructing wastewater treatment facilities and
developing the infrastructure to clean and protect our surface waters.
These water quality programs will enable the nation to begin addressing
emerging global issues, enhance our ability to protect coastal living resources,
and begin cleaning up the areas of concern in the Great Lakes., At the sane time,
these programs will provide further improvements in enforcement programs, promote
state capa'city through local cooperative initiatives and provide incentives for
developing innovative approaches and technology. EPA will continue to promote
international program development through the transfer of water information and
technology to Eastern Europe, the wider Caribbean and U.S. Territories to assist
in water pollution prevention and remediation efforts in these localities,
II. PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Ecology
Wetlands loss has a major impact on our environment, including adverse
effects on species populations, water quality and flood control. In 1992, EPA
will implement recommendations of the Domestic Policy Council's Wetlands Task
Force. This is a high priority for the Agency in its efforts to prevent and
control pollution that poses risks to critical aquatic habitats. To assist in
attaining no net loss of wetlands, EPA will encourage states and Indian tribes
to develop wetlands protection programs, improve scientific knowledge about
wetlands protection, work closely with other agencies and apply stronger
enforcement actions to deter and punish polluters who illegally destroy these
natural resources.
Working closely with the NOAA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, EPA will direct significant new resources towards
a cooperative interagency approach to improve the Federal response to three major
coastal problems: species and habitat alteration and loss, nonpoint source
pollution, and contaminated sediments. This initiative builds upon the
collective capabilities and authorities of the participating agencies. It will
provide a broader range of authorities to effect change, share field expertise
and resources, and expand the scope of responsibilities and influence. Existing
institutional frameworks and ongoing programs, such as the National Estuary
Program (NEP) management conferences and Near Coastal Waters (NCW) strategies,
will be used to facilitate proposed actions and to administer project grants.
As a result of new legislative mandates, EPA is greatly increasing
resources for development of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for the 30 U.S. and
five joint U.S./Canada areas of concern in the Great Lakes Basin, as a result of
new legislative mandates. The Agency will continue funding for implementation
of the Chesapeake Bay Basinwide Toxics Reduction Strategy. This strategy
includes research on the fate, transport and effects of toxics on the Bay
3-3
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ecosystem, as well as pollution prevention initiatives to enhance states'
pesticides management programs, In 1992, the Agency will continue support for
the Gulf of Mexico program, and the National Estuary Program, which will sustain
17 projects in developing and implementing management plans. Implementation will
continue for regional strategies for NCWs which assess pollutant loading and
establish pollution control and prevention programs to protect all coastal
waters, including the Great Lakes.
To help states establish a strong framework to protect and restore coastal
waters, EPA will accelerate efforts to produce both regulatory and non-regulatory
tools to address site-specific problems. This will include development of
ecologically-based salt and fresh Water criteria appropriate for different types
of aquatic resources; as well as the development of water quality standards for
pollutants of concern.
A plan to regulate currently unregulated industries and pollutants will be
published by 199 . EPA will accelerate work to produce technology-based
standards for several new industries selected through risk-ranking procedures.
Stormwater discharger application rules for large and medium municipalities and
industrial activities will be defended and implemented by the Agency.
The Agency will continue to enforce provisions of the Ocean Dumping Ban Act
and continue work in support of oil spill restoration programs. EPA will
continue involvement with the Corps of Engineers in the designation and
management of environmentally safe dredged material disposal sites and work to
reduce illegal dumping of dredged material through Improved identification
procedures and surveillance. The Agency will continue activities to identify and
control plastic pollution in marine environments.
Improving State Capacity
Water quality programs will promote state and local cooperative initiatives
and provide incentives for developing innovative and alternative technology.
Indian tribes will be encouraged to participate as full and equal decision makers
in the protection of water resources on their lands through the provision of
technical assistance. Through the National Estuary Program, cooperation and
environmental management at the Regional, state and local level will be advanced
as the Agency and its Federal partners continue to work with state and local
agencies to develop and Implement management plans for their estuary projects,
Financial assistance will be provided through cooperative agreements to
assist states obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program approvals; perform new complex tasks such as issuing new permits for
control of combined sewer overflows, sludge and stonnwater; and build capability
to support unique pretreatment and enforcement needs. The Agency is also working
to establish long-term viable state revolving loan funds. A 1990 appropriation
provided financial assistance to Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Villages with
wasteWater treatment needs.
EPA will assist states in refining their risk management techniques to more
accurately reflect the impact of nonpoint source pollution on sensitive aquatic
resources and habitats and in moving toward risk-based management of nonpoint
source pollution. EPA will also assist the states in implementing their approved
nonpoint source management programs by leveraging other Federal agencies'
3-4
-------
resources and providing states with grant funds to implement approved elements
of state nonpoint source management programs. State and local initiatives will
be supported through information clearinghouse and educational programs to
identify problems (and potential solutions) that communities face from nonpoint
source pollution, as well as wetlands pollution and loss.
Specialized technical assistance will be offered for the pretreatment,
compliance and enforcement programs, including hands-on aid to publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) that have difficulty developing local limits for specific
categories of indirect industrial dischargers, difficulty meeting their toxicity
requirements or have no local pretreatment program. POTWs that discharge to
sensitive aquatic resources at greatest risk will also be targeted for this
specialized assistance. General assistance efforts will continue to help
communities deal with the problems of sewer infiltration/exfiltration,
infrastructure and treatment and sludge reuse.
Demonstration projects continue to be extremely useful in leveraging state
and local funds, as well as local interest and support for water quality, EPA
will fund demonstration projects in the various coastal areas to test solutions
and support local management decisions in areas such as nonpoint source pollution
controls, low cost technologies, compliance assessment projects and pollution
prevention activities. These projects seek to encourage state, local and private
investment in the application of these problem solutions in other geographic
areas in the future.
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds
The Agency is working to establish self-sustaining state revolving loan
fund programs that can provide financial assistance for construction of new and
upgraded wastewater treatment facilities needed by communities to comply with
Clean Water Act requirements, and for other purposes (including non-point source
programs). Funding for the construction grants program ended in 1990; however,
over 4,000 projects will remain in active status in 1992, The Agency is
implementing a completion/closeout strategy that will effectively and efficiently
phase out the construction grants program while maintaining its technical,
environmental and financial integrity. EPA is providing technical and financial
assistance to states to carry out their increased base workload, meet new
requirements, and attempt to offset the reduction of construction grant set-aside
funds that have provided significant financial support to base program
activities,
Enforcing Water Quality Controls
In 1992, the water quality enforcement effort will continue to be
strengthened by tightening controls on dischargers, improving monitoring efforts
and coordinating outreach to inform the public and regulated community of the
consequences of improper or illegal disposal of wastes or filling of wetlands.
This effort will also include taking stronger enforcement actions through the use
of administrative orders, penalties and referrals. Continued compliance will be
encouraged by giving priority to resolution of violations at those POTWs which
have completed the construction necessary to meet final effluent limits, and by
vigorously enforcing pretreatment requirements.
3-5
-------
In an effort to support protection of coastal and marine environments,
permitting and enforcement activities will be targeted to achieve maximum water
quality improvement. In addition, EPA will continue to promote further
delegation of our statutorily mandated program for the 'National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System.
Pollution Prevention
EPA will address the growing global trend towards pollution prevention as
an important means of protecting our natural resources. Efforts will include
international conferences and special projects related to industrial, municipal
and agricultural pollution prevention. The conferences augment continuing
efforts to share our industrial technology-based guidelines with other nations
through organizations such as the World Bank and the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development. They also help familiarize us with successful
pollution prevention techniques employed by other nations. This will help us
further our on-going efforts to incorporate pollution prevention into effluent
guidelines development process. EPA will continue support for international
activities, generally including the London Dumping Convention, MARPOL, the
Cartagena Convention and the Antarctic Treaty, The Agency will also sponsor and
participate in workshops and symposia for the international community. Work will
continue in conjunction with the wetlands and coastal protection programs of
Canada and Mexico to protect these shared water resources, particularly where
efforts coincide with bi-natlonal programs involving the Great Lakes and the Gulf
of Mexico.
EPA will continue to exhibit domestic environmental leadership in targeting
and addressing emerging environmental problems. The Agency will use pollution
prevention and control approaches that involve both public and private
capacities. In 1992, the Agency will continue to encourage pollution prevention
In its municipal pollution control program, through technical assistance to
states that will help maintain and improve permit compliance. Likewise, water
use efficiency will continue to be promoted in order to reduce pressure for
expanding waste treatment capacities and the construction of costly new and
environmentally-damaging impoundments,
PerformingResearch and Development
In 1991, EPA's research program will provide increased focus on wetlands,
sediment quality and a renewed emphasis on oil spills research. With losses of
over one half of the nation's wetlands and the increased recognition of their
ecological and social value emphasized through the "no net loss" goal, research
will focus efforts on the science of wetlands creation and restoration. This
will include development of scientific guidelines for operational decisions to
achieve "no net losses" and to produce and validate design criteria for creation
and restoration of the many varying types of wetlands.
Most chemical contaminants and organic wastes in aquatic ecosystems
eventually accumulate in the sediments where they adversely affect the water
column, accumulate in biological tissues, and enter human food chains. Sediments
have become the concern for many state and EPA regulatory-activities because of
potential impacts, the long periods of time associated with natural assimilation
of many in-place pollutants, and the high cost of mitigation action. Current
activities requiring sediment quality assessments include ocean disposal, NEPA
3-6
-------
reviews, Superfund, and the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay estuary projects.
Studies will be conducted to compare approaches for developing sediment quality
criteria. Comparative toxicological data bases will be used to begin deriving
contaminant-specific sediment quality criteria and to recommend minimum test
requirements for sediment quality evaluations. Great Lakes Research will also
include studies of the impact on the Great Lakes ecosystems of the non-indigenous
species, zebra mussel.
Oil spill technologies have not progressed over .the past decade to
incorporate scientific advances such as microbial degradation. In 1992, research
will include bioremediation research at Valdez, Alaska. This research is
designed to evaluate the feasibility of accelerating the rate of biological
degradation of residues on Prince William Sound's shore lines. A renewed
National Oil Spills Program will focus on thermal, chemical and biological
approaches to spill prevention and clean-up, while research on the "physical"
clean-up activity will be carried out by the U.S. Coast Guard.
Consulting Services
The Agency uses consulting resources to fulfill the requirements of its
authorizing legislation. Specifically, EPA uses these resources to provide
technical assistance to Regions, states and local governments; collect data and
monitor background levels as a basis for future regulatory actions; and conduct
studies and analyses which support new programs.
3-7
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Actual
1990
EPA Ocean Dumping Permit Review
25
Ocean Discharge Criteria Eval.
General 1
Major ,,../<... 23
Minor 0
Construction Grants
Awards1. ...... 251
Active Construction Grants
Projects2 . 5,796
Construction Projects
Initiating Operations3 590
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal*
Major 210
Sludge Requirements ..... 324
Minor 274
Non-Municipal5
Major . 210
Minor 462
General 5
Adjudicatery Hearings6
Settled 73
Enforcement Actions7;
Inspections . 1,863
Admin. Orders (AOs) ..... 657
AOs with Penalties 196
Civil Litigation 57
Criminal Litigation 26
Clean Lakes Projects/Studies/
Assessments 98
Final Water Quality Criteria 0
Current
Estimate Estimate
1991 1992
25
1
23
41
117
4,939
398
220
265
0
300
0
5
106
1,900
476
378
52
20
107
25
1
22
6
33
4,333
325
196
285
0
228
0
5
116
1,460
553
409
71
28
90
Increase (4-)
Decrease (-)
1992 vs.
1991
-1
-35
-84
-606
-73
-24
+20
-72
+10
-440
+77
+31
+19
+8
-17
3-8
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Operational SRF Programs8 . .
Effluent Guidelines . . . . ,
Regulations/Support Documents
for Sludge Reuse/Disposal . ,
NPDES State Program Approvals
National Estuary Projects . .
Actual
1990
51
51
0
39
17
Current
Estimate Estimate
1991 1992
51
51
2
39
17
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1992 vs.
1991
51
53
6
39
17
+2
Quicker conversion to SRF
2More recent data
3Revised projections
* Majors - The actual amount of major municipal permits reissued in 1990
increased slightly from last year (1989) because of the push to do
ICSs this fiscal year before the deadline of February 1991, The
estimate for 1991 decreased slightly from last year because the
Regions have negotiated the new target and this is all they feel
that they can do given the complexity of their permits and that they
are very resource intensive. Our estimate for 1992 decreased
sightly as the permits issuance bulge is going down.
Sludge - The actual amount of permits issued with sludge monitoring
requirements increased because it includes the municipal and the
non-municipal as we do not split it out for this STARS measure.
Minors
5 Maj ors
Minors
General -
The number of municipal minors decreased due to the push to get ICSs
done and the large major municipal backlog.
The number of major non-municipal permits reissued in 1990 is
sightly less than what was1issued in 1989 due to the high cost and
complexity of these permits. The estimate for 1991 reflects what
has been committed to through the Agency's Management System
process. The estimate for 1992 reflects the number of permits
scheduled to expire in that fiscal year.
The number of minor non-industrial permits reissued in FY1990
reflect the increase priority on majors and decreasing that backlog.
General permits were issued in 1990 as they are. beginning to take on
more importance with the promulgation of the storm water rule. More
are expected in the coming years because they are more effective in
dealing with stormwater.
3-9
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WATER QUALITY
6There were more adj udicatory hearings done in FY 1990 as more and more
permittees objected to the strict limits being placed in permits. As the permits
get more and more complex the permits get more and more controversial which
explains the increased estimates for the next two fiscal years.
Calculations are based on rate of non-compliance
8Fifty States and Puerto Rico have operational SRF programs
3-10
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Research and
Development
TAB
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of .contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Mater Quality Research ................. 3711
Scientific Assessment ........ ..... 3-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ........... 3-16
Health Effects , 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . 3-17
Environmental Processes and Effects ... 3-19
Great Lakes Research 3-21
Oil Spills 3-22
-------
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries 6 Expanses S259.1 $310.0 $310.0 $371.3 $61.3
Research £ Development $334.0 S312.5 $312.5 $322.4 $9.9
TOTAL $593.9 $622.5 $622.5 $693.7 $71.2
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Salaries & Expenses $3,058.5 $2,597.8 $2,597.8 $3,156.4 $558.6
Research & Development $875.6 $824.4 $824.4 $1,013.7 5189.3
TOTAL $3,934.1 $3,422.2 $3,422.2 $4,170.1 $747.9
Health Effects • yater
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Mater
Salaries J Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects • Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Great Lakes Research -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Oil Spills
Salaries i Expenses
Research I Development
TOTAL
TOTAL
Salaries t Expenses
Research & Development
Water Quality TOTAL
Research
$287.9
$287.9
$2
$3
$5
$9
$4
$13
$1
$2
-
$1
$16
$10
$26
,348.6
,231.1
,579.7
,265.5
,027.4
,292.9
$617.6
,399.4
,017.0
$236.4
$973.9
,210.3
,073,6
,842.2
,915.8
$404.7
$404.7
$2,
si.
$3,
«8,
*4,
$13,
031.0
775.3
806.3
864.3
373.6
237.9
$467.8
$1,
$2,
$4,
$4,
S14,
$12,
$27,
699.4
167.2
000.0
000.0
675.6
985,2
660.8
$452
$452
$2,
$1,
$3,
$8,
«,
$13,
031
775
806
864
373
237
$467
$1,
$2,
$4,
*4,
$14,
$12,
$27,
699
167
000
000
723
985
709
.6
.6
,0
.6
.6
.3
.6
.9
.8
.4
.2
"*
.0
.0
.5
.5
.0
$1
$2
$4
S9
S6
$15
,973
,125
,099
,134
,223
,358
$481
$4
$4
$15
$13
S28
,099
,580
,117
,784
,902
.6
.6
.2
.9
.6
.5
.1
.4
.5
.3
.7
.0
-$452.6
-$452.6
-$57.4
$350.0
$292.6
$270.6
$1,850.0
$2,120.6
$13.3
$2,400.0
52,413.3
o.oT
-$4,000.0
-$4,000.0
$393. 8
$799.2
$1,193.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 199Z DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 2.8 5.0 5.0 6.0 1,0
Water
Monitoring Systems And 47.9 49.4 49.4 58.4 9.0
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water 4.3 4.7 4.7 -4,7
Environmental 35.9 36.7 36.7 36.7 0.0
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes 135.8 152.2 152.2 15Z.2 0.0
And Effects • Water
Great Lakes Research • 6.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0
Water
Oil Spills 3.7 0.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 237.2 256.0 256.0 261.3 5.3
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment • 4.6 5.0 5.0 6.0 1.0
Water
Monitoring Systems And 53.1 49.4 49.4 58.4 9.0
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water 4.9 4.7 4.7 -4.7
Environmental 37.1 36.7 36.7 36.7 0.0
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes 145.9 152.2 152.2 152.2 0.0
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research - 6.6 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0
Water
Oil Spills 3.8 0.0-
TOTAL WORICYEARS 258.0 256.0 256.0 261.3 5.3
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992: o'
1991: o
1990 :
Initiate the development of a methodology to estimate exposure
pathways from contaminated sediments (ie., fish, water column,
plants) .
Development of bioaccumulation factors for the eleven metals related
to the sixty- five ambient water quality criteria,
Provide technical support to the regions and states on existing water
quality standards and revise ambient water quality criteria as
necessary,
Apply risk assessment methods for surface disposal to develop
criteria. Investigate methods to incorporate those individuals
highly exposed.
Prepare 7 new health advisories and respond to comments on 65 ambient
water quality criteria addenda revisions.
Finalized risk assessments for surface impoundment methodology and
preliminary assessment for bacteria in land applied sludge.
MONITORING SYST'pMS AND DUALITY ASSURANCE
1992: o Report on bioassessment protocols to support implementation of
biocriteria.
o Provide the Regions validated analytical marine methods for chemical,
fish tissue and sediment toxicCty.
1991: o
.990;
HEALTH
1992: o
Report on feasibility study on the consolidation of wastewater and
drinking water methods.
Develop guidance manual for EPA and State use in evaluation/certi-
fication of toxicity testing laboratories.
Provide report on survival, viability and detection of pathogenic
protozoa in sludge.
Evaluated monitoring techniques and a generic approach to measure-
ments of toxic compounds.
Maintained discharge monitoring report as support for the quality
assurance program.
Reported on methods development, standardization and evaluation of
toxicity tests for marine, estuarine and freshwater organisms.
Provide guidance on toxicity tests for determining the potential
health hazard from substances in municipal waste waters and sludge.
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1991: o Provide a comparison of fish bioassay with conventional toxicit}
testing.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
1992: o Develop preliminary design guidance for subsurface-flow constructed
wetlands systems.
o Provide reports and summaries on sludge incineration studies.
1991: o Provide assessment of toxicants in storm water runoff.
1990: o Reported on the fate of toxic organic during sludge treatment.
o Reported on pilot-scale treatability studies on pesticides-
manufacturing wastewater.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES
AND EFFECTS
19:92: o Report on toxicity identification evaluations to marine sites.
1991: o Report on the application of wasteload allocation models to multiple
discharge sources into estuaries.
o Report on dredge material assessment techniques.
o Provide scientific data on predicting effects of disturbance of water
quality functions on wetlands.
o Develop a screening model to predict virus transport in
ground water.
1990: o Provided report on validation of water quality criteria for Selenium,
o Reported on water quality functions of wetlands.
o Verified models used in 301(h) to define the zone of initial dilution
and water quality parameters.
o Reported on the characterization of complex mixtures using a
biomarker approach.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budge t Reques t
The Agency requests a total of $28,902,000 supported by 261.3 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,193,000 and 5.3 total workyears. Of the
request, $15,117,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$13,784,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase
of $393,800 for Salaries and Expenses and a increase of $799,200 for Research and
Development. The increase of Research and Development provides partial support
for Agency initiatives in the Great Lakes and wetlands. Additional support has
been provided these initiatives through re-prioritization within the media. The
increases in Salaries and Expenses and total work years reflect additional
inhouse support for monitoring and engineering activities.
Program Objectives
The Water Quality research program provides the scientific and technical
data to States and the EPA's Office of Water in implementing the Clean Water Act,
and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
o This research provides the scientific base to help States develop
water quality standards, conduct use-attainability analyses and
implement the Agency's water quality based pollution control program.
o This activity provides the research needed by EPA for evaluating
impacts of ocean disposal practices, conducts research on the Great
Lakes ecosystems, develops responsive and scientifically valid
estuarine and coastal waters programs, and up through FY 1991 provides
national oils spills research.
o The wastewater research program provides the technical information,
engineering and monitoring assistance needed by EPA, municipalities,
and industry to develop and implement regulations, sludge disposal
guidance, and pollution control from municipal treatment plants.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992 Pro gram Reque st
The Agency requests a tocal of $693,700 supported by 6.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $371,300 will be- for the Salaries .and Expenses
appropriation and $322,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $61,300 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and a minor increase of $9,900 in the Research and
Development appropriation. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992, and reflects 1.0 added workyear effort for
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quantitative health risk assessments.
Research to support Post-BAT requirements will provide support to the Agency
and States to update, modify, and implement health standards for ambient water
quality and sediment criteria. ORD will develop health advisories to support
effluent regulations for toxics and provide technical support to the Regions and
States on risk assessments. In support of the CWA Amendments ORD will provide
technical support to the Office of Water for developing and implementing their
regulations on toxics in sludge. Criteria for assessing hazards and risk from
exposure to bacteria in sludge will be developed. An approach using the most-
exposed population will be developed for comparing disposal options for municipal
sludge.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $622,500 supported by 5.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $310,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $312,500 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
ORD is providing support to the Agency and States on health criteria for
water quality, developing health advisories in support of effluent regulations,
providing technical support for risk assessments, and developing criteria for
assessing hazard and risk from bacteria in sludge.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $593,900 supported by total of 4.6
workyears for this program, of which $259,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $334,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Sixty-four ambient water quality documents were finalized. Support to the
regions and states on criteria was provided. Draft pathogen land application
methodology for use in risk assessments arid a methodology for addressing risk
from surface sludge impoundments were completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,170,100 supported by 58,4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,156,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,013,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increase of 9.0 workyears, $558,600 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $189,300 in the Research and Development
appropriation. The increase In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation is
requested to fund, the Federal workforce needed to implement the President's
program in 1992 and corresponds to the increase in workyears, while the increase
in Research and Development represents support for the agency wide initiative for
Great Lakes specifically through increased efforts on sediment quality
activities.
The CVA Amendments place emphases on developing methods to measure and
monitor water quality. In support of this activity, ORD will develop and
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standardize methods and provide field tested protocols to assess ambient water
quality. In addition, ORD will evaluate biological and microbial monitoring
techniques and promulgate standardized tests to measure chronic toxicity.
Additional research will develop the scientific data needed to support
environmentally sound ocean disposal, wetlands, estuarlne, and Great Lakes
programs.
ORD will provide standardized analytical methods to the Regions,
particularly in the estuarine and marine areas. ORD will conduct research on
marine methods consistent with the Agency's priority for validated chemical,
biological and sediment toxicity methods. Research will continue on methods for
determining microbial quality in marine systems including standa.rd methods to
distinguish human and animal fecal contamination. Protocols for monitoring
coastal waters, viruses in shellfish, and bacteria associated with fish diseases
will be developed. Great Lakes research will focus on developing methods for
analyzing contaminated sediments.
The monitoring research program will conduct semi-annual performance
evaluation studies to review and revise the Agency's Quality Assurance support.
Performance criteria will be developed for NPDES permit analysis, and
investigation of analytical method deficiencies identified by NPDES permitters.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,422,200 supported by 49.4
total workyears for this program, of which $2,597,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $824,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD is evaluating chemical monitoring methods and protocols designed to
measure marine and estuarine water quality. The program also provides cost-
effective monitoring methods for the measurement of chemical and biological
parameters required in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) program and in the assessment of fresh water quality and quantifying
contaminants in sediments and sludge to the Agency and States.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,934,100 supported by 53.1 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in water quality, of
which $3,058,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $875,600
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the Clean Water, Act, the Marine Protection Research and
Sanctuaries Act, and the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) ,
ORD evaluated monitoring methods for measuring toxic compounds. A series of
discharge monitoring reports were provided to the Regions and States.
Interlaboratory comparisons were performed to assess the performance of chemical
and biological methods for the analysis of contaminants regulated under NPDES.
A repository of toxic standards and calibration samples was maintained.
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1992 Program Request •• >
The Agency has not requested resources for this activity. This represents
a decrease of $452,600 for Salaries and Expenses and 4.7 in total workyears. All
remaining research will be completed during fiscal year 1991. These resources
have been reprogranuned to support the Office of Waters' disinfection/disinfection
by-products activities,
1991 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $452,600 supported by 4.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $452,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars from the Research and Development appropriation,
This inhouse research program is providing guidance on toxicity tests for
determining the potential hazard from substances in municipal wastewater sludge.
This work is to be completed during fiscal year 1991.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $287,900 supported by 4.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $287.900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research activities focused on the validity of fish toxicity bioassays
against conventional toxicity testing to determine if fish assays could be |
substituted.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
19-9.2... PrograiniiReguest
The Agency requests a total of $4,099,200 supported by 36.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,973,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,125,600 dollars for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $57,400 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $350,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation and no change in workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
represents a realignment while the; increase in Research and Development
represents additional support for sediment quality activities providing benefits
to the Great Lakes and other bodies of water.
ORD will evaluate new wastewater technologies that promise improved
economics or effectiveness primarily for small communities (i.e., constructed
wetlands). Results will be provided to states, municipalities, and design
professionals. ORD will provide technical assistance to support the update of
sludge regulations and conduct research to support the Agency's storm and
combined sewer overflow program. Cost effective control technology for
contaminated sediments will be initiated.
V '
F '* ' 3-18
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1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $3,806,600 supported by 36.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,031,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and §1,775,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD are evaluating new conveyance and treatment technologies. The results
will be provided to States, municipalities, and design professionals. Technical
investigations are being conducted on the infrastructure of Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs). Results will be provided to the municipalities to help
thetE realize full value of these investments and properly operate and maintain
the facilities. ORD is providing technical assistance and research to support
the Agency's storm and combined sewer overflow program mandated by the Clean
Water Act. Research and technical assistance is being continued in support of
sludge regulation implementation and revision.
Congressional Directiy.es, A total of $2,750,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed projects to study sludge-to-oil reaction ($250,000), the Denver Water
Reuse Demonstration Project ($500,000), and oil spills ($2,000,000).
1990 Ace ompj.j. shmen t s
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,579,700 supported by 37,1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,348,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,231,100 from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Major accomplishments included pilot-scale treatabillty studies on
wasteWater from pesticide manufacturers; technical support tq the Office of Water
for developing sludge regulations, assessment of toxics treatability, development
of toxicity reduction evaluation procedures and removal capabilities. Technical
assistance was provided to the Office of Wafer for the development of stormwater
permitting guidelines.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
.1992 Program Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $15,358,500 supported by 152.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,134,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,223,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $270,600 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,850,000 from the Research and
Development appropriation, and no change from total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses and in Research and Development is requested to fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the .President's program in 1992, and
represents additional support for the "No Net Loss" goal for wetlands and for
sediment quality activity. The sediment quality increase will benefit both the
Great Lakes and other water bodies.
In response to the Post-BAT requirements of the CVA Amendments, the ORD will
develop methods to determine what uses are attainable in aquatic systems, and to
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work on integrating pollutant-specific control methods with whole toxicity
testing procedures and best available technology limits for use in permitting.
ORD will
provide methodologies to assess water quality functions of wetlands, assess
individual and cumulative impacts of wetland conversions, and evaluate means of
mitigating wetland impacts. Increased emphasis will be given to research on
sediment quality and wetlands as part of the Agency's initiative on ecology. The
data from these studies will assist the States in developing strategies for
controlling and understanding toxic sediment pollutants in both small and large
water bodies and in implementing "No net Loss" goals for wetlands.
In addition, ORD will develop assessment procedures to evaluate impacts due
to ocean disposal of wastes in coastal waters. The integration of these
procedures will help determine the relative safety of ocean disposal and provide
comparison of alternative disposal strategies. Research will be conducted to
support the Agency's goal to reduce pollution in near coastal waters. This
research program will focus on recovery of coastal ecosystems, developing
biomarker assessment methods, coastal eutrophication problems and developing
wasteload allocation models for estuarine and coastal waters.
The gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library will be maintained and
updated. Growing data bases will provide additional information on wastewater
treatment technology needed to support the NPDES program and further research
will be conducted on ecological fate and effects issues associated with wetlands
constructed for the treatment of wastewater from small municipal discharges and
acid mine drainage.
1991.Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,237,900 supported by 152.2
total workyears for this program, of which $8,864,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,373,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is being conducted on methods to integrate whole effluent testing
procedures with chemical specific control^technology. Methods to assess water
quality functions and ecological impacts associated with wetlands, the cumulative
loss and mitigation of impacts on wetlands are being developed. Research is
being conducted to provide methods to better assess the impacts of ocean
disposal. These procedures will be used, in risk assessments. Estuarine and
near coastal waters research is focused on ecosystem recovery, eutrophication,
wasteload allocation and biomarkers as assessment techniques in coastal waters.
The gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library is being maintained and
updated. Research on ecological fate and effects of constructed wetlands is
being conducted.
Congressional r.D.iriect;iveis. A total of $400,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project to do research at the National Resources Institute Minerals
Research Laboratory on removing toxicity from materials using mining technology.
199 0 Aceojmp 1JL shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $13,292,900 supported by 145.9
total workyears for this program, of which $9,265,500 was from the Salaries and
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Expenses appropriation and $4,027,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Major accomplishments include a report on the role of atmospheric nitrogen
in estuarine eutrophication, a critical review of waste load allocation practices
for estuaries, a synopsis of methods for biomonitoring of inland wetlands, a
report on applicability of current water quality to wetlands, and a research plan
for coastal waters biomarker assessment methods.
GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
15i3i2_.Prograro_..Request /
The Agency requests a total of $4,580,500 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $481,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,099,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $13,300 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $2,400,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and no change from total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses is a minor adjustment while the increase in Research and Development
represents additional support for the Administrator's Great Lakes initiative
through additional activity for research of exotic species such as zebra mussels
and for mass balance modeling. There are a number of research activities
contributing to improvement of water quality of the Great Lakes in addition to
thpse specifically directed to Great Lakes in this program element. These
include Contaminated Sediments, also supported under Water Quality, and
Environmental Management and Assessment Program (EMAP), supported under
Multimedia.
The objective of this program is to provide the scientific basis for cost-
effective reduction of human and ecological risk associated with Great Lakes
usage. In 1992, ORD will continue to develop and test methods to determine the
sources, bioaccumulation, and fate of toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes. The
program will accelerate the validity of uncertainty of model predictions. ORD
will develop CIS-based information systems for each lake basin and will be
networked into a single computer. Work will begin to develop regional airshed
and watershed models to better define the distribution mechanisms for toxic
chemicals.
Increased emphasis will be placed on assessing the impacts and consequences
of zebra mussels and other nonindigenchis species. Increased funding for this
research is provided in 1991; continued funding is requested in 1992.
Contaminated sediment research in the Great Lakes will be coordinated with the
National program to develop sediment quality criteria. The entire Great Lakes
research program will be closely coordinated with EMAP-Great Lakes, funded under
multimedia, which in 1992 will expand to cover all five of the Great Lakes.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,167,200 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $467,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,699,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
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In 1991 the program will emphasize research to develop mass balance models,
Geographical Information System (CIS) based environmental data bases and
decision-making systems, and technologies to assess contaminated sediment.
Confined disposal facilities will be evaluated. Research on indicators and
sampling methods for the Great Lakes EMAF program, funded under multimedia, and
ecological effects of the zebra mussel is being conducted.
Congressional Directivef A total of $250,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project to conduct research on non-indigenous species in the Great
Lakes.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,017,000 supported by 8.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $617,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,399,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Among the many accomplishments of the Great Lakes research program were:
completion of "screening level" mass balance models for Lake Ontario and the
Niagara River; completion of a major demonstration modeling project for Green
Bay; completion of an "In-place Pollutant Study" of sediments in the Detroit
River; completion of a sediment evaluation methods report for the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources (DNR); development of sediment sampling
technologies; and completion of an interagency workplan for development of an
environmental information and decision-making system (G1S) for the Rouge/Detroit
River watershed.
OIL SPILLS
1992 Program Request
Support for the oil spills activities have been transferred as a total
program to Hazardous Waste Media Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance,
Environmental Engineering and Technology, and Envrionmental Processes and Effects
beginning with 1992. This choice was made because of its more direct association
with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act activity b'oth in planning and
execution.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating1 a total of $4,000,000 for this program,
of which all is for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1991 Agency research is finalizing results for and providing technical
support at Prince William Sound. The new national oils spills research program
is providing the scientific and engineering data required by on-site coordinators
to choose the most cost-effective and environmentally sound options for dealing
with spills. These options will include determining the effectiveness of the
removal processes. The research is divided into three areas: biological and
chemical cleanup techniques, cleanup operation monitoring techniques and
mechanical cleanup techniques for inland spills.
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1990 Accompl 1 shtnpnfrs
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,210,300 supported by 3.8 total
workyears for this program of which $236,400 was for the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $973,900 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Additional funds were provided by Exxon through the Federal Technology Transfer
Act.
Among the accomplishments were: development pf biological enhancement
through nutrient application for remediation of oil soaked beaches, determination
of optimum application rates in cold water regions, acceptance by Exxon of
nutrient application use on approximately thirty-five miles of beach.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management .. 3-24
Water Quality Management ... ........ 3-25
Great Lakes Program 3-27
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-30
Effluent Standards and Guidelines ....... 3-32
Grants Assistance Programs ....... . . 3-36
Clean Lakes Program 3-37
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106} 3-38
Water Quality Strategies Implementation . . 3-41
Wetlands Protection ......... 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program ... 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits ,...* 3-47
Oil Spills Program 3-49
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention ........ 3-50
Standards and Regulations . .......... 3-52
Nonpoint Source Management Grants ... 3-54
Nonpoint Source Implementation ........... 3-56
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis ....... 3-58
Coastal Environment Management ... .. 3-59
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Source Control ... ...... 3-64
Municipal Pollution Control ........ 3-65
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance .......... 3-67
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses $5,550.8 $6,144.2 $6,144.0 $6,602.0 $458.0
Abatement Control and $2,166.1 $7,522.0 $7,322.0 $4,322.0 -$3,200.0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,716.9 $13,666.2 $13,666.0 $10,924.0 -$2,742.0
Great Lakes Program
Salaries S. Expenses $2,542.0 $3,183.4 $3,183.4 $3,487.2 $303.8
Abatement Control and $10,438.2 $13,223.7 $13,223.7 $9,523.7 -$3,700.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,980.2 $16,407.1 $16,407.1 $13,010.9 -$3,396.2
Chesapeake Bay Program
Salaries & Expenses $1,469.8 $1,497.6 $1,497.6 $1,545.0 $47.4
Abatement Control and $11,309.3 $14,748.8 $14,748,8 $14,748.8 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,779.1 $16,246.4 $16,246.4 $16,293.8 $47.4
TOTAL:
Salaries i Expenses $9,562.6 $10,825.2 $10,825.0 $11,634.2 $809.2
Abatement Control and $23,913.6 $35,494.5 $35,494.5 $28,594.5 -$6,900.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $33,476.2 $46,319.7 $46,319.5 $40,228.7 -$6,090.8
and Grants Program
Management
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Uater Quality 99.8 107.9 107.9 113.2 5.3
Management
Great Lakes Program 33.8 42.0 42.0 47.4 5.4
Chesapeake Bay Program 14.7 11.4 11.4 12.0 0.6
TOTAL PERMAMENT WQRKYEARS 148.3 161.3 161.3 172.6 11.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 105.2 113.2 113.2 113.2 0.0
Management
Great Lakes Program 37.3 45.4 45.4 47.4 2.0
Chesapeake Say Program 15.7 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS 158,2 170.6 170.6 172.6 2.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,228,700 supported by 172,6 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $6,090,800 and an increase of 2.0 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $11,634,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $28,594,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. This represents an increase of $809,200 in the
Salaries and Expense Appropriation and a decrease of $6,900,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance Appropriation.
WATERQUALITY MANAGEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,924,000 supported by 113.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,602,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,322,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $458,000 in Salaries
and Expenses, and a decrease of $3,200,000 Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
no change in total workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects Congressional add-ons in 1991 not carried through to 1992. The
reduction is partially offset by increases to support expanded efforts in the
nonpoint source (NFS) pollution prevention and control program and NFS pollution
prevention in high risk watersheds.
In 1992, as part of the President's ecological protection initiative, EPA
will increase emphasis on nonpoint source management to assist states in
addressing those priority watersheds most at risk from NPS pollution. The
ecological initiative will stress an integrated, cooperative approach to
implement geographically-targeted controls with special emphasis on non-
traditional pollution sources impacting state priority watersheds identified
through the state section 319 management program. The decreases reflect
completion of one-time Congressionally mandated projects in 1991.
EPA will continue providing NFS program direction, management and oversight
to help states strengthen the base structure for targeted watershed management
using improved state 319 management programs. This assistance will include
increased emphasis on the application of best management practices (BMPs). We
will work on developing the BMP guidance required by the Coastal Zone Management
Act reauthorization.
The Agency will develop and issue guidance supporting the creation of
strong state/local watershed management alliances among natural resources
agencies. These alliances will enable states to better use the programs,
policies, and delivery systems of related Federal programs from U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, National Oceanic Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) , Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) , and others to provide water
\
V! l\
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Federal alliances through Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) and better field
cooperation to support state NFS efforts.
The Agency will establish a national program for integrated watershed
protection, including guidance, technical assistance, workshops, and a
clearinghouse. EPA will work with Federal agencies to develop and catalogue
baseline BMPs for priority NFS sectors and will sponsor a national NFS Forum to
consolidate consensus among Federal agencies, states, localities and citizens on
actions needed to further NFS management.
EPA will support Innovative state approaches to address NFS problems from
agriculture, mining, and forestry and will devote special emphasis to work with
USDA on the President's Water Quality Initiative to assure effective linkages
with state 319 programs. Improved strategies by States and local governments
with EPA assistance for linking needed NFS controls and storrawater permits will
be developed to address significant urban runoff problems.
The Agency will continue to provide basic eligibility and management
guidance for sections 106 and 205(j)(l)/604(b) grants to states, interstate
agencies, Indian Tribes and Regional Comprehensive Planning Organizations
(RCPOs). The Agency will allocate funds, review state work programs and evaluate
state and other agency performance.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,666,000 supported by 113.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,144,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,522,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991, EPA, having approved (or approved portions) of all state section
319 NFS management programs, is continuing to award grants to states to implement
both statewide NFS initiatives and targeted watershed NFS controls.
The Agency is assisting states to use risk-based approaches to identify
impacts of NFS pollution on sensitive aquatic resources and target needed
controls; supporting state implementation of priority agricultural elements of
approved state NFS management programs in concert with the President's Water
Quality Initiative; and coordinating its NFS activities with USDA's water quality
initiative by taking advantage of USDA's extensive delivery system.
EPA is providing direction and technical support to help states implement
geographically-targeted NFS management programs, emphasizing prevention and
control activities in specific watersheds at highest risk. The Agency is also
assisting states in designing prevention and control programs for urban runoff
not regulated by stormwater permits.
Headquarters is overseeing Regional efforts to manage funds to states
through new cooperative agreements under section 104(b)(3) and allocating section
106 grant funds to states and qualified Indian tribes, with emphasis on building
strong Indian tribal institutions fully capable of managing EPA grants.
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EPA is providing management oversight to existing Clean Lake projects and
is reviewing and approving state lake grant applications under the competitive
section 314 program.
Congressional Directives. A total of $5,200,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects Lake Champlain Management Conference ($2,000,000), the
Northwest Indian Tribes model NFS program ($1,500,000), the New Jersey Water
Quality Activities ($450,000), and the Lake Onondaga Management Conference
($1,250,,000).
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,716,900 supported by 105.2
total workyears for this program, of which $5,550,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,166,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA approved 51 state section 319 NFS assessment reports and reviewed and
approved all or portions of state management programs. EPA worked with states
to upgrade and implement these programs by providing technical support, guidance
and oversight. The Agency also developed section 319 grants guidance and
allocations for FY 1990; allocated NFS implementation funds; and made initial
state grants, including bonus grants to selected exemplary states. A final EPA
report to Congress, summarizing the states' progress in implementing section 319
requirements and recommending needed programmatic changes, was prepared.
Headquarters provided guidance on basic grants management functions for grants
to states under section 106 and section 205, and evaluated the performance of
selected Indian tribes' water quality programs.
The Regions negotiated state work programs and managed grant funds under
sections 106 and 205(J)(5) to approximately 203 state/interstate/regional
organizations and qualified Indian tribes-, ensuring that funds were targeted
carefully to meet critical water quality needs. To accomplish this, the Regions
issued guidance and funding targets for specific priority activities, provided
technical and management assistance, tracked and evaluated grantee performance
and assured that states met their level-of-effort requirements.
The Agency provided management oversight to 150 Clean Lake projects, EPA
reviewed and approved state lake water quality assessments, prepared reports to
Congress on the status "of lake water quality and progress achieved under the
section 314(d) Demonstration Program, provided a technical supplement to the Lake
and Reservoir Restoration guidance manual and continued efforts to validate
various restoration methodologies.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
19 9 2.. P r o gr am Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $13,010,900 supported by 47.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,487,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,523,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $303,800 in the Salaries
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and Expenses appropriation, an increase of 2.0 in total workyears, and a decrease
of $3,700,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses supports the increase in total workyears and
increased support costs for the RV Lake Guardian. The decrease in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflects expiration of Congressional add-ons for specific
projects within the Great Lakes basin. The increase in workyears reflects
increased support for the Lake Ontario Mass Balance Study and the Assessment and
Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program.
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
(GLWQA) with Canada, and the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990, the Great
Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide technical and
management support for Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and Lakewide Management Plans
(LAMPs) and pollution prevention and control activities to protect critical
habitats, surface water and ground water in the Great Lakes Basin. GLNPO's ARCS
program will complete pilot field demonstrations of promising technologies to
abate contaminated sediment problems at several locations and begin preparing a
final report to Congress on the results of the demonstrations. Work will
continue on initiatives in support of the Binational Pollution Prevention
Strategy and the U.S. Action Plan for its implementation. GLNPO will continue
to coordinate with Regions II, III, and V on water quality criteria and standards
and on technical matters in the development, review and compliance of permits
related to GLWQA requirements. Great Lakes monitoring and source assessment
activities, including operational surveys by the RV Lake Guardian, will continue
through annual programs for conventional and toxic pollutants, for collection,
analyses, and reporting on both open lake migratory and near shore non-migratory
fish, and for collection of precipitation samples through the Great Lakes
Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network for the analyses of metals, nutrients, and
organic toxics. These analyses will be used to determine metals and nutrient
loadings to the Great Lakes as a basis for the design and operation of pollution
abatement programs.
GLNPO will continue to work with states. Regions, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA),
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (COE), to develop an integrated strategic plan for gathering and
managing Great Lakes environmental data. GLNPO will continue to participate in"
the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative. The program office will continue to
prepare the Reports to Congress and the IJC, and to convene and participate in
bilateral U. S ./Canadian committees and task forces as the U.S. lead on GLUQA
implementation.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $16,407,100 supported by 45.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,183,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $13,223,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
GLNPO is increasing support to Regions II and V for state/local development
of RAPs. Stage I LAMPs for Lakes Ontario and Michigan are being accelerated and
readied for submission to the International Joint Commissio'n (IJC) . Ten Stage
I and three Stage II RAPs are being submitted to the IJC. GLNPO's ARCS program
continues with pilot field demonstrations of promising technologies to abate
3-28
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contaminated Sediment problems at several locations. The ARCS projects support
RAP implementation by determining feasible technologies for abatement of
contaminated sediments, a problem identified in most of the Areas of Concern
(AOC). GLNPO, in conjunction with the COE, the New York Department of
Conservation, and EPA Region II, is initiating dredging and disposal of
contaminated sediments in the Buffalo River. The Agency's replacement research
vessel, RV Lake Guardian, is being outfitted with laboratory modules for toxics
monitoring needs and is beginning operational surveys. The Green Bay Mass
Balance study is completed including a joint study with the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on the Green Bay hydrology and sediment flux.
An Agency Five Year Strategic Plan for the Great Lakes to reduce toxics and
protect/restore habitat and species diversity while controlling nutrients is
being completed through the combined efforts of GLNPO, states, Regions and
Headquarters and with the involvement of the public. A Binational Pollution
Prevention Strategy and an accompanying U.S. Action Plan for implementation are
being announced and action on binational initiatives beginning. GLNPO, states,
Regions, USFWS, and USCG are beginning a comprehensive review of the U.S. Great
Lakes monitoring programs to develop an integrated strategic plan for gathering
Great Lakes environmental data. In addition, the Agency is completing a study
on the effectiveness and efficiency of the Great Lakes National Program Office.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,200,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects including innovative program initiatives, efforts to mitigate
the zebra mussel problem, funding for the large lakes laboratories in Duluth,
Minnesota and Grosse lie, Michigan, initial work on clean up of contaminated
sediments in Buffalo River, and upgrading shoreside facilities in Bay City,
Michigan for the new Great Lakes research vessel.
1990 Accqitip.1l.shmen t-S
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total o_f $12,980,200 supported by 37.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,542,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,438,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
GLNPO, in cooperation with Regions II and V, provided technical support to
state/local agencies to develop RAPs and participated in initial LAMP development
work for Lakes Ontario and Michigan. The ARCS program initiated bench-scale
demonstrations of promising technologies and preliminary work for pilot-scale
demonstrations in the field. Progress was made in 1990 toward developing
technical protocols, site selection criteria, and procedures. The refitting of
the RV Lake Guardian to Coast Guard specifications was completed, and
arrangements were made to home port the vessel in Bay City, Michigan. GLNPO
completed joint field work with NOAA on the Green Bay hydrology and sediment
flux. The Green Bay Mass Balance study developed predictive models for
identification, transport, and fate of toxic substances,
GLNPO provided continuing technical support for and tracking of various
state-level nonpoint source control programs to implement the U.S. phosphorus
reduction plan. Great Lakes monitoring and source assessment activities
continued through annual programs for conventional and toxic pollutants.
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CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1992 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,293,800 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program. Of the request, $1,545,000 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $14,748,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $47,400 in the Salaries
and Expense appropriation. There is no change in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation or total workyears.
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Chesapeake Bay Agreement (CBA), the
Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office (CBLO) will continue to provide technical and
management support for pollution prevention and control activities to protect
critical habitats, surface water, and ground water. The Agency will continue to
meet its expanded responsibilities under the CBA in concert with the States of
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake
Bay Commission, and the Agency. The CBLO will continue management of state
nonpoint source control and monitoring grants, and will provide overall program
coordination, computer services/data management, administrative and public
information support. Also, technical advisory services to the program's
Executive Council, advisory committees, and subgroups established to carry out
the terms of the CBA will continue.
In support of the President's ecological protection initiative, the Agency
will continue funding for implementation of the Chesapeake Bay Basinwide Toxics
Reduction Strategy. This strategy includes: 1) research on the fate, transport
and effects of toxics on the Bay ecosystem through the joint EPA and National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) toxics research program (this will
include research and monitoring of atmospheric deposition loadings of toxics to
the Bay); 2) continuing pollution prevention initiatives including the continued
enhancement of Bay basin states' pesticides management programs; and 3)
development of a basinwide toxics database and future investigation of the extent
and toxicity of contaminated sediments in the Bay.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $16,246,400 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,497,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $14,748,800 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The CBLO is completing a review of the Bay monitoring program. CBLO, the
states, and the District of Columbia are defining nutrient loads and contributing
to the reevaluation of the nutrients reduction goal and reassessment of costs,
The goal of the basinwide nutrient reduction strategy is to achieve at least a
40 percent reduction from 1985 levels of nutrients entering the Bay's mainstem
by the year 2000. The CBLO and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are completing
the time varying model for use in the reevaluation of the 40 percent nutrient
reduction goal. Toxic studies, expanded monitoring data, pesticide management
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demonstrations and use surveys, analytical capabilities surveys, toxic loading
inventories, and the continued implementation of the Basinwide Toxics Reduction
Strategy are being used by CBLO and others to refine and redirect the Strategy
and Improve regulatory efforts. States are using and analyzing the data from a
CBLO pesticide survey to support improvements in the their pesticide management
programs. The CBLO is also developing a pesticide index and registry as a
pollution prevention initiative to assist in reducing the risk of nonpoint source
pesticide pollution.
The program is working to expand toxics data to include atmospheric
deposition data. CBLO is continuing activities to ensure public involvement in
protecting and restoring living resources and water quality. It is producing
reports, fact sheets, and media releases and is a participant and contributor to
the Agency's ongoing Near Coastal Waters technology transfer activities, CBLO
is also cooperating in a special stormwater management demonstration project on
the Patuxent River.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,050,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects of toxics research in the Chesapeake Bay and a stormwater
management demonstration project on the Patuxent River,
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $12,779,100 supported by 15.7
total workyears for this program, of which $1,469,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,309,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The CBLO continued to work with the Bay states to implement the elements
of the CBA. This included completion of development policies and guidelines;
development of the Toxics of Concern List; toxieity assessments of living
resource habitats, particularly shallow nearshore habitats in cooperation with
the Fish and Wildlife Service; estuarine" sediment bioassay development and
validation; and research on matters relating to ecological risk assessment, in
cooperation with NOAA. CBLO also undertook a pesticides use survey based on the
findings of the Office's 1988 surface microlayer study; provided technical and
management leadership in nutrient reduction and the emerging problems of
persistent toxics in the Bay basin; and initiated and completed two required
Maryland studies -- the Rock Creek clean-up program study and the Patuxent River
Demonstration Site study for pollution management and control. Environmental
results from the Program's actions are now recognized in downward trends in
phosphorus and in some recovery in submerged Bay grasses.
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards t Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REOUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE *
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Effluent Standards t
Guideline*
Salaries t Expense. $3,052.7 $3,463.8 $3,463.8 $3,761.6 $297.8
Abatement Control and $6,868.8 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,921.1 $12,927.* $12.927.* $11,225.2 $297.8
TOTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses $3,052.7 $1,463.8 $3,463.8 $3,761.6 $297.8
Abatement Control and $6,868.8 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 $9,463.6 0.0
Compliance
Effluent Standards TOTAL $9.921.5 $12,927.4 $12,927.* $13,225,2 S297.8
& Guidelines
PERMANENT WOWCYEA8S
Effluent Standards t 43.5 48.5 48.5 44.5 0.0
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 43.5 48.5 48.5 48.5 0.0
TOTAL «ORKYEARS
Effluent Standards I 45.3 48.5 48.5 42.5 0.0
Guidelines
TOTAL yORKYEARS 45.3 48.5 48.5 48.S 0.0
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $13,225,200 supported by 48.5 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $297,800 and no change in total workyears from
1991. Of the request, $3,761,600 will be for the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $9,463,600 will be for the Abatement, control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1992 ProgramRequest
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $13,225,200 supported by 48.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,761,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,463,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,800 in Salaries
and Expenses and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
and total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel costs.
The effluent standards and guidelines program will continue to develop
controls or guidance for the unregulated industries and pollutants as identified
in the January 2, 1990, Section 304(m) notice. The Agency will promulgate
regulations for the offshore oil and gas industry and the pesticides
manufacturing industry, and propose a revision for the remanded portion of the
regulations for the organic chemicals, plastics and synthetic fibers industries.
EPA will continue development of regulations for machinery manufacturing and
rebuilding, pesticides formulating and packaging, Pharmaceuticals, coastal oil
and gas, and pulp and paper industries. The Agency will publish an updated
Effluent Guidelines Plan in the next Section 304(m) notice, continue evaluation
of other categories listed in the 1990 and 1992 notices, and continue development
of analytical methods, analytical service support, technical assistance for
permit writers and publicly-owned treatment work (POTW) operators, and support
for pollution prevention activities. !
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,927,400 supported by 48.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,463,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,463,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The effluent standards and guidelines program continues to develop controls
or guidance for the unregulated industries and pollutants as identified in the
section 304(m) notice. The Agency is proposing regulations for the offshore oil
and gas industry and the pesticides manufacturing industry and is publishing two
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draft technical guidance studies (timber, petroleum refining). The Agency also
is pursuing development of regulations for an unregulated industry cited by the
Domestic Sewage Study (DSS) as contributing considerable "quantities of hazardous
and toxic wastes to POTWs and surface waters (centralized waste treatment, Phase
II),
Headquarters continues to review the following industries: onshore and
coastal oil and gas, Pharmaceuticals, pesticides formulating/packaging and pulp
and paper. The Agency is also developing the proposed regulation covering the
remanded portion of the organic chemicals, plastics and synthetic fibers
regulation. Analytical methods development continues, and the Sample Control
Center continues to provide the analytical service (3,000 samples) required for
regulatory development, enforcement activities, hazardous waste programs and
Superfund activities.
Headquarters provides post-promulgation negotiation and litigation support
for several industries and is publishing one final amendment (organic chemicals).
The Agency is also conducting an analytical methods conference and four
comprehensive technical workshops for state and local permit writers and POTW
operators. The program, as part of the ongoing development of effluent
guidelines, fully and effectively addresses pollution prevention, water
conservation and cross-media impacts. The program is expanding technology
transfer to promote rapid implementation of pollution prevention concepts and
techniques.
1990 AccoippJLishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $9,921,500 supported by 43.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,052,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,868,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation»
In 1990, the effluent guidelines and standards program addressed toxic
dischargers through development of effluent limitations and guidance or
preliminary data summaries for the non-regulated industries identified in the
DSS, including transportation, paint manufacturing/formulating, centralized waste
treatment, drum reconditioning, waste oil recovery, machinery manufacturing and
rebuilding, and hospitals. A major emphasis in rulemaking activities was the
development of proposed limitations for the offshore oil and gas industry and the
continued development of proposed regulations for several other industries,
including pesticide manufacturing, pesticide formulating/packaging,
Pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, centralized waste treatment and machinery
manufacturing and rebuilding. The section 304(m) notice was published on January
2, 1990, and announced the Agency's plans for developing new and revised effluent
guidelines and standards.
The program continued analytical methods development and validation for the
analysis of pesticides, chemicals reported .under Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, and toxic and hazardous pollutants subject
to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Sample Control Center
provided a wide diversity of analytical capability services to support effluent
guidelines development and other Agency programs, such as the Chesapeake Bay
microlayer sampling, the National Sewage Sludge Survey, biononitoring and
bioaccumulation methods and sampling analyses, stornwater surveys, and toxicity
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reduction evaluation studies for permitting and enforcement activities. The
program also published the "List of Lists," which presented an integrated and up-
to-date list of Agency-wide pollutants of concern and identified those for which
analytical methods are available.
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and $8,747.7 $7,583.0 $7,583.0 -$7,583.0
Cenptlane*
TOTAL $8, 747.7 $7,583.0 $7,583.0 -$7,583.0
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and $71,902.9 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 0,0
Conpliance
TOTAL $71,902.9 $81,700.0 $81,700.0 $81,700,0 0,0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $80,650.6 $89,283.0 $89,283.0 $81,700,0 -$7,583.0
Compliance
Grants Assistance TOTAL $80,650.6 $89,283.0 $89,283.0 $81,700.0 -$7,583.0
Programs
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
BudgetRequest
The Agency requests a total of $81,700,000 for 1992, all of which will be
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $7,583,000 from 1991.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1992Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests no funding for this program, which represents
a decrease of $7,583,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In past years, the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration
techniques and assisted states in classifying lakes, identified techniques for
restoring the levels of water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses, and
implemented cleanup and control projects. Because the Agency has provided
guidance to the states on maintaining clean lakes, it believes that the states
are now able to address lake restoration needs, along with other local
priorities, under their existing water quality management programs.
19.91....Program
The Agency is allocating $7,583,000 for this program in 1991 from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Clean Lakes program supports state-EPA cooperative agreements under
Section 314 of the Clean Water Act. The agreements are being used to support the
highest priority Phase I lake diagnostic feasibility studies, Phase II
implementation activities to restore and protect lake water quality and Phase III
post-restoration monitoring projects to enhance the scientific basis for various
lake restoration methodologies. Projects are being selected based on an
evaluation of the environmental and public benefits of state Clean Lakes
proposals.
Congressional Directives. A total of $7,083,000 is for the Congressiorially
directed projects for Nationally Competitive Clean Lakes Program and the Lake
Alcyon, New Jersey Clean Lakes Demonstration Project.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,747,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, to support
state-EPA cooperative agreements under Section 314 of the Clean Water Act. The
agreements were used to support the highest priority Phase I lake diagnostic
feasibility studies, Phase II implementation activities to restore and protect
lake water quality and Phase III post-restoration monitoring projects to enhance
the scientific basis for various lake restoration methodologies. Projects were
selected based on an evaluation of the environmental and public benefits of state
Clean Lakes proposals.
. V>
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CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION{SECT. 106)
199 2 Pro gr am Reque s t
The Agency requests a. total of $81,700,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents no change in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance Appropriation.
Section 106 grants will continue to provide funding assistance for water
pollution control programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial
agencies and approximately 30 Indian tribes. Grantees will assess water quality
conditions and trends and conduct comprehensive monitoring (including water
column, fish tissue and sediment) to identify sites impacted by toxic and other
pollutants and areas needing controls on a high priority basis. Grantees will
continue to administer water quality standards programs that focus on adopting
standards to protect aquatic ecosystems, and on completing adoption of numeric
standards for toxic pollutants based on EPA water quality criteria and review of
standards, as required by the statute.
States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) will emphasize reissuance
of expiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits that
incorporate toxic/toxicity-based limits and will modify other permits to
incorporate new limits based on the findings from earlier analyses. Grantees
will also focus on selected, high priority permit modifications for publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs) to address pretreatment requirements. States will
develop and implement comprehensive Ground-Water Protection Programs which will
serve as state-level mechanisms to integrate Federal ground-water activities.
Through comprehensive programs, states will thoroughly assess their ground-water
resources, evaluate or rank the highest risk contaminants and establish
priorities and approaches to ground-water protection.
States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) will devote resources to
geographically targeted watersheds. Priority watersheds and activities will be
identified and state$ will select and implement the appropriate mix of control
strategies, including, but not limited to, nonpoint source (NFS) best management
practices (BMPs), and permits for industrial and municipal stormwater discharges
and combined sewer overflows.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $81,700,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 106 grants provide funding assistance for water pollution control
programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial agencies and
approximately 30 Indian tribes. Grantees are completing implementation of
Section 304(1) water quality-based controls for toxic discharges in high priority
waters, assessing water quality conditions and trends and conducting
comprehensive monitoring (including water column, fish tissue and sediment) to
identify sites impacted by toxic pollutants and areas needing controls on a high
priority basis. Grantees are administering water quality standards programs that
focus on new standards for toxic pollutants based on EPA water quality criteria
and review of standards, as required by the statute.
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States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) are emphasizing re issuance
of expiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits that
incorporate toxic/toxicity-based limits and modifying other permits to
incorporate new limits based on the findings from earlier analyses. Grantees are
also focusing on selected, high priority permit modifications for publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) to address pretreatment requirements. Grantees are
focusing permitting, compliance and enforcement activities in waters at highest
risk, particularly in critical aquatic habitats.
States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) are developing and
implementing ground-water protection activities that move the states beyond
protection strategies to comprehensive ground-water protection programs. States
are also enhancing their efforts to incorporate wellhead protection activities
and pesticide management plans into their comprehensive ground-water protection
programs.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $71,902,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 106 grants provided funding assistance for water pollution control
programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial agencies and
approximately 30 Indian tribes. In 1990, states reviewed water quality standards
and adopted numeric and/or narrative water quality standards for toxic pollutants
and toxicity, as appropriate. States determined whether "new" or additional
waters needed to be listed under Section 304(1), and completed assessments for
rivers, lakes, estuaries, wetlands and marine waters. Monitoring and assessment
data were used to establish priorities for needed control measures, to develop
wasteload allocations for permits and to increase sediment contamination
information.
States modified, issued or reissued NPDES permits to incorporate limits for
toxic pollutants and/or toxicity in water quality-based or technology-based
permits. States also issued permits Tor combined sewer overflows and sludge
controls, where needed. States were encouraged to assume pretreatment program
delegations, improve reporting where the state is the POTW control authority, to
inspect POTWs to determine compliance status and to initiate enforcement actions
against inadequate POTW implementation and/or industrial user noncompliance.
To ensure compliance of NPDES-permitted facilities, states continued an
effective assessment, monitoring and enforcement program, focusing on controlling
toxic pollutants and protecting municipal infrastructure. Industrial enforcement
actions and NPDES and pretreatment inspections included toxicity reduction
evaluation methodologies. National Municipal Policy follow-up enforcement
actions focused on municipalities that failed to meet their construction
schedules.
Ground-water protection activities received a total of $10,885,485 for
support of state efforts to develop comprehensive ground-water protection
programs. These programs set priorities and integrated efforts to manage and
control actual and potential sources of contamination. As part of their
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programs, state water agencies developed hydrogeologic aspects of pesticides
management plans, which provide protection methods tailored to area-specific
differences in ground-water vulnerability. In addition, state wellhead
protection (WHP) programs were developed as key components of state comprehensive
ground-water protection programs. In developing and implementing WHP programs,
states played an active role in protecting a very important subset of their
ground-water resources (i.e., ground waters that supply drinking water to public
water systems),
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL EXACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Wetlands Protection
Salaries & Expenses 15,779.6 $7,900.1 $7,899.8 $9.825.0 $1,925.2
Abatement Control and $3,375.7 SS,938.0 $5,938.0 $6,413.0 $475.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,155.3 $13.838.1 $13,837.8 $16,238.0 $2,400.2
NonPoint Source Grants
Abatement Control and $36,804.1 $48,450.0 $48,450.0 $23,750.0 -$24.700.0
Compliance
TOTAL $36,804.1 $48,450.0 $48,450.0 $23,750.0 -$24,700.0
Wetlands Program
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $1,215.0 $5,000.0 $5,000.0 $8,500.0 $3,500,0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,215.0 $5,000.0 $5,000.0 $8,500.0 $3.500.0
OiI SpiI Is Program
Salaries & Expenses $467.4 0.0
Abatement Control and $42.8 $300.0 $300.0
Compliance
TOTAL $510.2 $300.0 S300.0
Nonpoint Source
Implementation
Abatement Control and $831.3 $2,550.0 $2,550.0 $1,250.0 -$1,300.0
Compliance
TOTAL $831.3 $2,550.0 $2,550.0 $1,250.0 -$1,300.0
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries I Expenses $2,521.2 $2,709.0 $2,708.9 $2,726.3 $17.4
Abatement Control and $7,431.3 $7,406.9 $7,406.9 $5,456.9 -$1,950.0
Compliance
Ocean Dumping Act $1,365.9 $1,314.0 $1,314.0 -$1,314.0
TOTAL $11,318.4 $11,429.9 $11,429.8 $8,183.2 -$3,246.6
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries I Expenses $1,675.4 $2,289.1 $2,289.0 $3,855.7 $1,566.7
Abatement Control and $1,944.3 $4,682.8 $4,682.8 $10,982.8 $6,300.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,619.7 $6,971.9 $6,971.8 $14,838.5 $7,866.7
Standards & Regulations
Salaries & Expenses $4,741.3 $5,266.1 $5,265.9 $6,218.6 $952.7
Abatement Control and $3,819.3 $4,341.9 $4,341.9 $7,541.9 $3,200.0
Compliance
TOTAL $8,560.6 $9,608.0 $9,607.8 $13,760.5 $4,152.7
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WATER QUALITT
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL EXACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,184.9 S18.164.3 $18,163.6 522,625.6 $4,462.0
Abatement Control and $55,463.8 $78,369.6 $78.369.6 $64,194.6 -$14,175.0
Compliance
Ocean Dumping Act $1,365.9 $1,314.0 $1,314.0 -$1,314.0
Water Quality TOTAL $72,014.6 $97,847.9 $97,847.2 $86,820.2 -$11,027.0
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORtCYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Oil Spills Program
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response I Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
105.1
5.4
44.8
31.9
85.9
273.1
155.2
57.7
43.9
95.5
352.3
15S.2
57.7
43.9
95.5
352.3
178.9
60.3
64.8
106.0
410.0
23.7
0.0
2.6
20.9
10.5
57.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Oil Spills Program
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL WORICYEARS
110.5
6.4
46.7
35.3
87.9
286.8
160,9
60.3
46.8
98.0
366.0
160.9
60.3
46-8
98.0
366.0
178.9
60.3
64.8
106.0
410.0
18.0
0.0
0.0
18.0
8.0
44.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
the Agency requests a total of $86,820,200 supported by 410.0 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $11,027,000 and an increase of 44.0 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $22,625,600 will be from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $64,194,600 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,462,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $14,175,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WETLANDS PROTECTION
199:2 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,238,000 supported by 178.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,825,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,413,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $1,925,200 and $475,000,
respectively, and an increase of 18.0 total workyears. The increases reflect the
Agency's support for achieving the President's goal of no net loss of wetlands
and several other major Presidential initiatives: state capacity, enforcement,
and protection of critical habitats.
In 1992, the Agency will support the President's Ecology Initiative and
continue to work toward the President's goal of no net loss of wetlands, the new
Presidential Executive Order on Wetlands Protection, comprehensive planning for
Federal land management agencies, and increased compliance monitoring and
enforcement. The program will continue its efforts under the Section 404
regulatory program, particularly in addressing inconsistencies with the Array
Corps of Engineers or other programs.
A major program activity during 1992 will be working with other water
programs and the Office of Research and Development, as well as other appropriate
Federal agencies, to implement a geographically targeted watershed management
approach to the protection/maintenance of water quality and preservation of
wetland values and functions. The integrated implementation of point and
nonpoint source controls, including wetlands protection, can greatly enhance the
prevention of pollution and the reduction of risks to public health and the
environment. The program will work to ensure that in watersheds targeted for
special emphasis such activities as advance identification and targeted Section
404 enforcement actions, coupled with education/outreach programs, are
undertaken. Regional staff will continue their review of Section 404 public
notices, field inspections, and enforcement actions, and will work with the
affected regulated communities to inform them about the Section 404 program.
The Agency will also link its wetlands protection activities with
reforestation efforts to assist in achieving the President's goals of no net loss
of wetlands and reforestation. The restoration of forested wetlands adjacent to
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streams and other water bodies, Including bottomland hardwood forested wetlands,
is one of the most effective methods of protecting water quality while restoring
wetlands and protecting critical habitats. Forested wetlands act as buffers
between development and the water, absorbing the nonpoint source impacts of
development before they reach the water body. They assist in controlling floods,
erosion of sediments, both point and nonpoint sources of pollution and provide
habitat for fish, wildlife, and food chain production.
Another major program activity for 1992 will be the development and use of
ecological indicators to measure the quality (I.e., ecological "health") of the
wetland resources and the reduction of risk to public'health and the environment.
The program will begin to identify and collect da,ta on key wetland indicators
that track the status, health and trends of wetlands and efforts to achieve the
no net loss goal, in conjunction with other EPA programs and Federal and state
agencies. The program will also initiate efforts to correlate the status and
health of wetlands to water quality and other ecological indicators. The number
of state wetlands pilot projects focusing on state water quality standards will
be expanded, with assistance of the wetlands state grants program.
1991Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,837,800 supported by 160.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,899,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,938,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation.
The Agency continues to work toward the President's goal of no net loss of
wetlands through the support of the evolving Administration Initiatives for
wetlands protection, a stronger Section 404 program, and assisting states to
develop effective wetlands protection programs.
A major component of a stronger Section 404 program is the enhanced field
presence of the Agency and an increasingly cooperative working relationship with
the Army Corps of Engineers. The program continues to implement the memoranda
of agreement (MOAs) with the Corps on mitigation policy, enforcement, and
delineation of jurisdictional wetlands. EPA is monitoring restoration activities
occurring under the mitigation MOA. Section 404 enforcement activities are
augmented by an aggressive public outreach/media campaign to inform the public
and the regulated community of the values and functions of wetlands and Che
consequences of their destruction or degradation. The wetlands program is being
coordinated with the Marine and Estuarine Protection Program to implement the
improved test methods and procedural guidance on sediment criteria and disposal
of dredged material in coastal waters. These efforts are ensuring that wetlands,
rivers, lakes and coastal/marine waters are subject to the same standards and
equal levels of protection.
Increased funding assistance is being provided to states to encourage state
program assumption, development of state comprehensive wetlands protection plans,
and other state activities to promote wetlands protection, including use of the
Section 401 water quality certification process and development of state water
quality standards for wetlands. EPA continues to assist "in the development of
local programs through the Regions and states and the use of
information/technology transfer. Continued focus is being placed upon
anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection, including advance identification.
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The Agency is implementing a variety of projects aimed at protecting special
wetland ecosystems such as coastal Louisiana and western riparian wetlands.
The Agency, working with other Federal and state agencies, is launching an
education/technical assistance program aimed at abating the high loss of wetlands
through agricultural uses. Since EPA has limited regulatory powers in this area,
forming partnerships with others is a key to success. EPA is disseminating new
technical tools emerging from the Agency's research efforts in the areas of
restoration, cumulative impact assessments, and long term monitoring of wetlands
"health." EPA is playing an increasing role in international activities, seeking
opportunities to share U.S. experience and expertise with others, especially
developing countries.
Congressional Directives. A total of §525,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for protecting the Canaan Valley, West Virginia, wetlands
complex and supporting the Lake Pontchartrain wetlands creation demonstration
project.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $9,155,300 supported by 110.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,779,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,375,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Agency continued to work with the Corps of Engineers and other
Federal agencies in developing policies and procedures to clarify or amplify
regulatory requirements of the Section 404 program. The Agency supported the
work of the White House/Domestic Policy Council's Task Force on Wetlands to
develop Administration policy on wetlands. The Agency worked with other Federal
agencies on a variety of Federal wetlands protection issues including
streamlining the Section 404 regulatory process, improving Federal land
management practices, and strengthening the knowledge and science of wetlands.
In particular, EPA participated on the Interagency Floodplain Task Force to
demonstrate the use of integrated floodplain management planning for reducing
flood losses and erosion, protecting wetlands, providing recreational
opportunities, and improving stream water quality.
Major activities in 1990 included more intensive efforts aimed at state
wetlands protection programs, the use of anticipatory approaches for wetlands
protection, and aggressive enforcement activities. State interest in wetlands
protection activities increased due to increased public knowledge of the
importance of wetlands and the availability of a modest amount of "seed" grant
funding for pilot state programs. The Agency held training workshops involving
state personnel on Section 404 regulations and enforcement, the delineation
methodology, water demand management, and use of planning/negotiation techniques.
The Agency worked with states as they revised their 401 water quality
certification processes to reflect wetlands'values and functions. The program
issued final regulations so that qualified and approved Indian Tribes may
administer the Section 404 program.
The Agency continued its use of anticipatory approaches for wetlands
protection, particularly in areas where loss rates continue to be unacceptably
high and traditional program tools did not satisfactorily address the problem.
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Enforcement activities expanded in 1990, building upon new directions and
experience gained under a new enforcement memorandum of agreement with the Army,
new guidance on the use of administrative civil penalties, an expanding EPA
criminal enforcement program, and greater field experience. The use of
administrative penalty orders increased commensurate with these enhancements.
In 1990, the program worked with the Marine and Estuarine Protection
Program to develop improved test methods and procedural guidance on sediment
criteria and disposal of dredged material in coastal waters. The criteria and
guidance should apply equally to material disposed of in wetlands, rivers, lakes
and coastal/marine waters.
WETLANDS IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $3,500,000. The increase supports the Agency's
commitment to achieving the President's goals of no net loss of wetlands and
enhancing States' wetlands protection capacity.
Increasing the roles and responsibilities of state governments and Indian
Tribes in wetlands protection is a crucial component of the national effort to
achieve the President's goal of "no net loss" of wetlands. States and Indian
tribes continue to need assistance as they initiate new wetlands protection
projects. These resources will facilitate initiation of activities supporting
the President's goal of no net loss of wetlands, including examination of the
feasibility of assuming the administration of the Section 404 program.
States will use Federal financial assistance to further national wetlands
protection efforts in a variety of ways,•including developing water quality
standards for wetlands, incorporating wetlands into the Section 401 state water
quality certification process, developing comprehensive statewide or
geographically targeted wetlands protection management plans, and working with
local governments and citizen groups to promote wetlands protection efforts. In
1992, the Agency will fund additional innovative wetlands protection programs,
and will assist states in more technically demanding projects such as the
evaluation of a state's wetlands values and functions. Projects that integrate
state, local and private sector programs and activities and that focus on
geographically targeted problem areas will be a high priority. EPA will explore
innovative techniques such as those combining economic development with
wetlands/habitat protection.
1991Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,000,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The wetlands implementation program is providing grant assistance to states
and Indian Tribes for research, investigations, experiments, training,
demonstrations, surveys, and studies for the protection of wetlands from
pollution under Section 104 of the Clean Water Act. Grant assistance is allowing
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many states and Indian Tribes to acquire basic information and data on their
wetlands resources and the risks posed to these resources, examine a wide variety
of techniques for protection for these critical resources, and develop
comprehensive wetlands protection plans that may combine watershed, nonpoint
source, river corridor, estuary/coastal management and other critical habitat
protection initiatives. States are undertaking aggressive public
outreach/education campaigns in concert with local government planning and
protection measures,
1990Accomplishments
In.1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,215,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, grants were made available to 21 states, one local government
entity, and one Indian Tribe under a wetlands implementation program for the
first time. The majority of the projects focused on state comprehensive wetlands
protection planning/management and the use of the Section 401 process. In 1989
and in previous years, the Agency's wetlands protection program had provided
small amounts of "seed" money to a limited number of states and one Indian Tribe
to examine the feasibility of assuming administration of the Section 404 program.
The State of Michigan is the only state that has assumed the program, which in
other states is jointly administered by the Corps of Engineers and EPA. Examples
of the ways in which states used this financial assistance to enhance their
wetlands protection efforts included: evaluation of existing statutory and
regulatory programs; development of narrative water quality standards for
wetlands; incorporation of wetlands protection in the Section 401 water quality
certification process; and identification of wetland resources, their functions,
and priorities.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,183,200 supported by 60.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,726,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,456,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Agency also expects to receive $1,314,000 from the Ocean
Dumping Revolving Fund. Of the total workyears, 50.3 will be supported by the
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 10,0 will be supported by the ODRF.
This represents a decrease of $1,000,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance,
an increase $17,400 in Salaries and Expenses, and no change in total workyears
from 1991. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects completion
of the more intensive phases of a study of a San Francisco Bay area ocean
disposal site and completion of the New York Bight Restoration Plan. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
costs.
Headquarters and Regions will continue site management, monitoring,
surveillance, and monitoring of compliance with enforcement agreements required
under the Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA) of 1988. This will include continued
surveillance of the 106 Mile Site (deepwater municipal sludge dump site) in
coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and
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the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), The Agency will continue its development of
revisions to the ocean dumping regulations for dredged material and will continue
work on ocean dumping regulations for other types of materials. Headquarters
will continue work to control marine debris through identification of sources and
the development of reduction and control strategies. Region II will continue
monitoring of nearshore waters to address the continuing problems on the New
York-New Jersey beaches. The legions will continue to develop environmental
impact statements (EIS) for selected ocean dredged material disposal sites and
will continue site management and monitoring of designated disposal sites.
Region II will continue work on designating a replacement Mud Dump Site. The
Agency will continue to participate in activities under the London Dumping
Convention, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships (MARPOL), and the Cartagena Convention to preserve the coastal and marine
environments.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total $11,429,800 supported by 60.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,708,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $7,406,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and $1,314,000 is from the ODRF. Of the total workyears, 50.3 are
supported by the the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 10.0 are supported
by the ODRF.
The Agency is planning to propose revised Ocean Dumping (OD) regulations
on dredged material disposal and is initiating work on a proposal for regulations
on disposal of other types of materials. The Regional role in disposal site
management and monitoring is expanded to ensure compliance and enforcement of
ocean dumping criteria and permit requirements. Additional support for Region
II is continuing for monitoring of nearshore waters to address the continuing
problems on the New York-New Jersey beaches. Region II is completing the New
York Bight Restoration Plan; is completing a report on the feasibility of
designating an alternative 20-mile site to the Mud Dump Site; and, in cooperation
with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), is completing a plan for the long-
term management of dredged material from the New York/New Jersey Harbor region.
Headquarters and Region II continue implementing expanded management, monitoring,
and surveillance of the 106 Mile Site in coordination with NOAA and the USCG.
The Regions are continuing their role in the development of environmental
impact statements (EIS) for ocean dredged material disposal sites, and In site
management and monitoring as more interim dredged material disposal sites are
designated as final sites. The Agency, in cooperation with other Federal
agencies, 1) is beginning to develop a compliance and enforcement Improvement
initiative to reduce risk to human health and aquatic life; 2) is working (in
cooperation with the COE) to develop improved procedures for identifying illegal
ocean dumping of dredge materials; and 3) is working (with NOAA and USCG) on
improving surveillance.
Congressional Directives. A total of §500,000 is for the Congressionally
directed study of a San Francisco Bay area ocean disposal site for dredged
materials.
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1990 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $11,318,400 supported by 46.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,521,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $7,431,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and $1,365,900 was from the ODRF.
The Agency continued development of revised OD regulations to respond to
statutory and judicial requirements. Headquarters continued work on developing
sediment testing protocols and a comprehensive, risk-based management strategy
to bring the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act Section 103 program
and the Clean Water Act Section 404 program into harmony. In addition,
Headquarters developed a compliance and enforcement strategy for the OD program.
Region II continued to develop the New York Bight Restoration Plan and, in
cooperation .with EPA Headquarters, USCG and NOAA, developed and began
implementing an expanded monitoring plan for the 106 Mile Site and related other
sites, as required by ODBA. The Agency participated in international efforts to
preserve the coastal and marine environments through activities under the London
Dumping Convention and other international agreements.
OIL SPILLS PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $300,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $300,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects increased Agency participation in the
development of a restoration plan for the areas impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil
spill.
The Agency, through the Alaska Restoration Task Force Office, supports
activities to develop and implement a restoration plan of the Trustee Agencies -
- the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and the Interior -- for the areas
impacted by the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The Agency will provide technical
assistance and expertise to designated task forces, and to the Trustee Agencies
in the development of a restoration plan, a review of damage assessment data, and
identification of data needs.
1991Program
The Agency did not request resources for this program in 1991, but
continues to support this effort through its base program..
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total ,of $510,200 supported by 6,4 total
workyears for this program, of which $467,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $42,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Agency provided support to the State of Alaska in assessing
contamination and clean-up activities, and assisted the Trustee Agencies in
developing and implementing sampling and monitoring programs, developing
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monitoring protocols for toxic pollutant investigations, and reviewing workplans
and water quality data.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $14,838,500 supported by 64,8 total
workyears for this program of which $3,855,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,982,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This reflects an increase of $6,300,000 to Abatement,
Control and Compliance, an increase of $1,566,700 in Salaries and Expenses, and
an increase of 18,0 workyears from 1991. The increase is requested to fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992.
In 1992, resources will support implementation of the Oil Pollution Act of
1990 (OPA). Revisions to Subparts D and J, "Response and Dispersants", of the
National Contingency Plan (NCP) will be finalized. The NCP will also include
requirements for area contingency plans and how areas were designated. Based on
the efforts of the Area Contingency Plan Workgroup begun in 19-91, preparation of
area contingency plans will be written and approved. These plans, when
implemented in conjunction with the NCP, shall be adequate to remove a worst case
discharge, and to prevent or mitigate a substantial threat of such a discharge.
In the spring, the Agency will also finalize revisions to the Spill Prevention,
Countermeasure and Control (SPCC) regulations Phase II amendments, which include
facility response plans. The Regions will begin to review and approve facility
response plans submitted by the regulated industry.
The OPA introduces new federal enforcement language which authorizes the
use of penalties against violators of the law. In 1992, the regional enforcement
component of the program will effectively begin to implement these new
authorities by bringing administrative actions against facilities for failure to
comply with SPCC and enforcement response plans. Headquarters will develop
guidance for enforcement strategies.
The program will provide national management and oversight of oil spill
response activities to ensure that Regions adhere to program policy and conduct
technically adequate, cost-effective responses. The Agency will support field
operations through operational guidance, technical bulletins and demonstrations
of response technologies.
The Agency will remain on a 24-hour alert to receive notifications of
accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products. EPA will direct or
monitor removals at major inland oil incidents. Additionally, it will provide
technical assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coastal oil spills when the
Emergency Response Team (ERT) is activated or when the U.S. Coast Guard makes a
specific request. Funding for response actions will continue to be provided on
a reimbursable basis from permanent indefinite appropriations in the Department
of Transportation. Response actions will be defined in a. Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) between the Coast Guard and EPA.
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1991 Program ,
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,971,800 supported by 46.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,289,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,682,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the Agency is beginning implementation of the Oil Pollution Act
of 1990. The Agency is working closely with the U.S. Coast Guard on drafting the
Executive Order that sets forth the responsibilities for Federal Agencies
implementing the Act. Several workgroups have been formed to implement EPA's
responsibilities: the NCP, including Subparts D and J (Response and Dispersants),
Enforcement, Contingency Plans/Area Designation and SPCC/Response Plans.
Revisions to Subparts D and J of the NCP are expected to be proposed in the fall.
The Area Contingency Plan workgroup is designating areas for which contingency
plans are needed and beginning preparation of those plans. Areas that are
designated are to be published in a notice in the Federal Register. The
Enforcement Workgroup is preparing a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S.
Coast Guard which will cover penalties for releases and actions for non-
compliance. The Agency is issuing enforcement guidances including a penalty
matrix. The Phase I amendments of the SPCC regulations, which do not address the
new legislation, are to be proposed in the spring. Based on the recommendations
of the Oil Spill Prevention, Control and Countertneasures Program Task Force,
these amendments will make mandatory many aspects of the regulations. The
SPCC/Response Plan workgroup is initiating work on the Phase II amendments of the
SPCC regulations, which will include facility response plans. A limited number
of facility response plans will be reviewed and approved by EPA at facilities
that pose substantial and significant threat to the environment. The Regions
will conduct 500 SPCC inspections. In 1991, Phase II amendments are expected to
be proposed in the fall of 1991. Guidances for regulated industry and Regional
programs are being developed.
In addition, the Agency handles and monitors oil spill notifications and
directs or monitors on-scene removal activities of Potentially Responsible
Parties or state and local authorities at major spills. Moreover, the Agency
provides advice and technical guidance to state and local officials and PRPs
involved in spill response; organizes and staffs Regional Response Team meetings;
assists the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) at major disasters;
participates in response and safety training of state and local staff; and
maintains response equipment and facilities. The Environmental Response Team
provides support during field chemica.1 safety audits and at major oil spills
where expertise is needed.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $3,619,700 supported by 35.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,944,300 was from Abatement, Control and Compliance
and $1,675,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program received and screened a total of 8,958 notifications of oil
spill releases, conducted 805 SPCC inspections, performed on-scene monitoring of
154 oil spills, conducted 40 oil spill responses, and investigated 98 oil
releases. The Agency continued revising Phase I of the SPCC regulations.
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In August, the Oil Pollution Act was signed. The Agency formed an
Implementation Workgroup to begin assessing its responsibilities under the
legislation and timeframes in which to accomplish them.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1992 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,760,500 supported by 106.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,218,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,541,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This reflects increases of $952,700 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, $3,200,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and 8.0 total workyears. The increases will support the initial
steps toward a comprehensive scientific basis on which states will adopt water
quality standards that address the ecological integrity of surface water. These
steps will include work in the area of biological criteria, sediment criteria,
and wildlife criteria values.
In 1992, the program will develop criteria and standards that will enable
the state and federal water quality community to factor ecological risks into
water quality decision-making, to develop ecologically-based standards, and to
evaluate the effectiveness of control programs. Ecological criteria provide the
basis of state standards that address the water environment holistically--
considering the sum total of the complex biological, chemical and physical
dynamics necessary to sustain the ecological integrity of a healthy aquatic
ecosystem. State ecological standards will provide a comprehensive scientific
basis on which to design programs that prevent and control pollution and habitat
destruction, particularly from nonpoint sources, combined sewer overflows, and
stormwater runoff.
The program will publish biological technical guidance for states to use
in adopting water quality standards that protect the structure, function and
habitat requirements of rivers, lakes, estuaries and wetlands. Headquarters will
continue publication of in situ organic and metal sediment quality criteria
protective of aquatic life, guidance on identifying and managing contaminated
sediments, and the development of a methodology for criteria protective of human
health. The program will develop aquatic life and wildlife criteria for those
pollutants that bioaccumulate through the food chain, thus posing high risks to
aquatic life in the water and to wildlife, endangered species and migratory birds
using water and wetlands. The program will conduct training seminars and, where
appropriate, provide on-site technical support to help states target water
quality standards reviews based on ecological risks, use comprehensive ecological
risk assessments in developing standards, and adopt standards protective of the
chemical, physical, and biological integrity of critical waters. Training for
Indian tribes qualifying as states for the water quality standards program will
be integrated with state training programs. ,
The program will promulgate the first round of regulations for the use and
disposal of sewage sludge, and will develop and distribute to Regional and state
permit writers and to local governments the technical .support materials to assist
them in understanding and effectively implementing the rule. In addition, the
program will provide workshops and training materials to assist in the design and
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implementation of programs that beneficially reuse sewage sludge. The program
will complete the collection, analysis and evaluation of data as initial steps
in developing numeric criteria for a limited number of round two pollutants.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,607,800 supported by 98.0
total workyears for this program, of which §5,265,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,341,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program is addressing pressing needs for scientifically sound technical
guidance and support to enable state adoption of ecologically protective water
quality standards. The program consists oft issuing initial technical guidance
on biological criteria for streams; publishing sediment criteria for organic
contaminants and a methodology for calculating sediment criteria for metal
contaminants; publishing salt and fresh water aquatic life criteria and issuing
revisions to the regulations governing water quality standards for Indian tribes;
and proposing regulation revisions to reflect statutory requirements for toxic
pollutants.
The program is working with the 41 states and territories that failed to
comply with the deadline in section 303(c)(2)(B) of the CUA for adopting numeric
toxic standards, and is preparing promulgation actions for those states that
remain out of compliance. In addition, as states initiate the seventh triennial
water quality standards reviews. Regions are working with states to revise state
water quality standards to meet the priorities for the states* 1991-1993
triennial standards reviews. The priorities include adoption of wetland water
quality standards, narrative biological criteria, coastal/estuarine standards,
salt water standards, where appropriate, and antidegradation implementation
methods. Regions and Headquarters are providing on-site assistance and training
enabling states and qualified Indian tribes to make more effective use of
criteria and program guidance. Regions are continuing to review and approve
state and Indian water quality standards, resolve issues and provide needed
litigation support. Regions are assisting states in adopting salt and fresh
water criteria for newly-identified toxic pollutants, in addressing
bioaccumulation of toxic pollutants in fish flesh and in applying antidegradation
implementation methods.
The program is completing the majority of the technical work to promulgate
final first-round standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge, scheduled
for early 1992. The program is conducting analyses in response to comments on
regulations proposed in 1989, and on additional data and information published
in 1990, EPA is also conducting workshops and providing technical assistance to
states and initiating data collection and analysis on additional pollutants,
disposal practices and exposure pathways for second-round regulations.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,560,600 supported by 87,9 total
work years for this program, of which $4,741,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,819,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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The program emphasized state adoption of numeric criteria for toxic
pollutants. The Agency announced its intention to initiate promulgation actions
for states not complying with Section 303(c)(2)(B) of the CWA.
Priority objectives for state water quality standards reviews during the
1991-1993 triennium were established, including state adoption of biological
criteria, antidegradation policies and Implementation methods, and water quality
standards for wetlands and coastal/estuarine waters. The program issued national
guidance on water quality standards, program guidance for biological criteria,
and proposed water quality criteria for six pollutants to assist states in
implementing the water quality standards program during the 1991-1993 triennium.
Outreach programs provided information to the states on policies and
requirements, interpretation and use of water quality criteria and advisories,
and use of sediment and biological criteria.
EPA made continued progress toward final promulgation of standards for the
use and disposal of sewage sludge. The program issued a notice of availability
of information and data from the National Sewage Sludge Survey, and announced
preliminary decisions on key issues affecting the final regulation. The program
conducted additional sewage sludge modeling activities, evaluated proposed
numerical criteria, and continued its response to public comments on the proposed
technical regulations for use and disposal of sewage sludge.
NONPOINT...SOURCE MANAGEMENT GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests $23,750,000 for this program, all of which will be for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $24,700,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, which
reflects a, reduced, but continuing need for NFS implementation funds. The
decrease is based on the fact that local government land use decisions and
agricultural practices cause most NFS pollution. Furthermore, it is in
appropriate for the Federal government to involve itself too heavily in these
local responsibilities. The agency does not request additional funding for
special NPS projects earmarked in the 1991 Congressional appropriation.
In 1992, EPA, based on careful analyses and oversight of updated state
Section 319 management plans, will select state NPS implementation activities
fully supporting EPA's Watershed Initiative, which focuses on critical
watersheds. Selected state NPS projects will: 1) support integrated urban
pollution programs in priority watersheds by enhancing section 319 programs
addressing stonnwater runoff not regulated by National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permits; 2) support innovative state approaches to
resolve NPS mining and forestry problems in priority watersheds; 3) assure
performance, continuity, and self-sufficiency of NPS programs at the state level
through hiring of staff and establishment of-state-wide programs for education,
technical assistance, and technology transfer; 4) support development of
effective pollution prevention mechanisms to minimize generation of NPS pollution
at the source, with emphasis on high priority watersheds; and, 5) expand and
strengthen activities to build state capacities to protect ground water from NPS
pollution.
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EPA will ensure that all selected projects will: 1) protect/restore
critical aquatic habitats; 2) establish linkages with state agricultural agencies
and the President's Water Quality Initiative under the leadership of USDA; 3)
protect, where needed, high quality waters; and, 4) support NFS needs identified
in state Comprehensive Ground Water Protection Programs,
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating $48,450,000 for this program, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
EPA is directing these grant funds to states that effectively implement
Best Management Practices (BMPs) that control particularly difficult or serious
NPS pollution problems and/or use innovative methods or practices to prevent or
control NPS pollution. Major sources of NPS pollution to be addressed include
(1) agricultural practices that result in surface water contamination by soils,
fertilizers, pesticides, and animal wastes; (2) resource extraction (mining/oil
and gas) that cause serious water quality impacts; and (3) urban NPS pollution
(contaminated urban runoff) that results in substantial loadings of toxic and
conventional pollutants not controlled under the NPDES stormwater permit program.
EPA is selecting projects that focus on measures (regulatory and
nonregulatory) to abate and prevent NPS pollution in targeted state watersheds,
consistent with the objective of our Watershed Initiative, Activities selected
for funding must achieve discrete, measurable results that will reduce risk to
human health and the aquatic environment and advance states toward effective
implementation of comprehensive NPS management programs.
Grants under section 319 are also being used for activities to build state
institutional capabilities to protect ground-water resources from NPS pollution.
Such activities include (1) ground-water resource assessments in areas where NPS
pollution is a major concern; (2) development of BMPs to prevent ground-water
contamination; (3) development of technical assistance documents and training
efforts; (4) establishment of state and local regulatory and nonregulatory
capabilities; (5) establishment of institutional responsibilities and
coordination mechanisms; and (6) development of ground-water monitoring
capability, including data management.
Congressional Directives. A total of $36,000,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects, including Nonpoint Source Grants under Section 319 of the
Clean Water Act, NPS management for the Illinois River Basin, NPS management for
the Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa Region,1 and the Rouge River Basin NPS control
demonstration.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $36,804,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Nonpoint source management grants were made available to states and
qualified Indian tribes to implement approved elements of .their section 319 NPS
management programs. EPA developed state-by-state planning targets for funding
based on interim criteria that reflected nonpoint source needs; prepared guidance
on the award and management of grants in accordance EPA's December 1987 NPS
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Guidance; and awarded grants based on merit to fund NFS activities that result
in demonstrated progress in achieving Congress' goal of preventing and abating
NFS pollution. Priorities for funding included (1) evaluating the effectiveness
of a state's performance to date; (2) balancing programs to provide for both
improvement and protection of water quality in specific watersheds and
institutionalization of long-term, statewide NFS management programs; (3)
particular NFS activities of highest priority to the Agency (including those
articulated in EPA's 1987 NFS Guidance); and (4) conducting appropriate before-
and-after water quality monitoring and evaluation activities to enable EPA to
report to Congress on its progress in reducing NFS pollution and improving water
quality. Section 319 grants contained ground-water elements to further state
assessment of ground-water resources and to establish a basis for identifying
priority protection needs prior to undertaking any site-specific measures. If
a state already had a good basis for determining its ground-water priorities,
then the state was encouraged to implement efforts to address these priorities.
NONPOINTSOURCE IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,250,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $1,300,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
from 1991.
Section 319(n) requires that "(n)ot less that 5 percent of the funds
appropriated (under Section 319) for any fiscal year shall be available to the
Administrator to maintain personnel levels at the Environmental Protection Agency
at levels which are adequate to carry out (Section 319)...." Thus, EPA will use
these funds to provide adequate staff to continue to support and oversee state
319 programs. These staff will assist in the award and management of NFS
implementation funds to states under Section" 319. EPA will continue to negotiate
state work plans for projects consistent with the complex legal and procedural
requirements associated with grants under Section 319, including program tracking
and accounting requirements. EPA will also continue activities related to the
approval of complete NFS management programs in each state and to oversee state
implementation, which may include on-site reviews.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total- of $2,550,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. :
Section 3.1.9(n) requires that "(n)ot less that 5 percent of the funds
appropriated (under Section 319) for any fiscal year shall be available to the
Administrator to maintain personnel levels at the Environmental Protection Agency
at levels which are adequatecto carry out (Section 319)...," EPA is continuing
to use these funds to provide adequate staff to oversee the award and management
of funds to states under Section 319. EPA is negotiating state work plans for
projects consistent with the complex legal and procedural requirements associated
with grants under Section 319, including program tracking and accounting
requirements. EPA is also continuing activities related to the approval of
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complete NFS management programs in each state and the oversight of state
implementation, which may include on-site reviews.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $831,300 for this program, all of which was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Since 1990 was the initial year of Section 319 funding, start-up activities
represented a major program focus. These activities included developing state-
by-state planning targets for funding based on interim criteria consistent with
direction provided by Congress; preparing guidance on the award; and management
of grants consistent with EPA's 1987 guidance and awarding grants for NFS
activities based on funding priorities.
EPA also developed and implemented reporting and oversight procedures
designed to ensure the integrity of the grants process and assure positive
environmental results from the projects selected for funding. Activities
included Headquarters review of selected management programs, grant work programs
and watershed plans; participation with Regions in selected reviews of state
programs; on-site review of Regional NFS programs; and provision for NFS
information exchange between states.
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WATER OUALITT
Water Quality Monitoring * Analysis
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries t Expenses $5,431.7 $7,256.2 $7,256.0 $8,808.4 $1,552.4
Abatement Control and SIS,627.4 $26,248.9 $28,248.9 $40,648.9 512,400.0
Conpliance
TOTAL $21,059.1 $35,505.1 S35,504.9 $49,457.3 $13,952.4
Water Quality
Monitoring £ Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,163.9 $8,060.1 $8,059.9 $9,841.5 $1,781.6
Abatement Control and $6,225.8 $6,310.1 $6,310.1 $6,115.1 -$195.0
Compliance
TOTAL $14,389.7 $14,370.2 $14,370.0 $15,956.6 $1,586.6
TOTALS
Salaries & Expenses $13,595.6 $15,316.3 $15,315.9 $18,649.9 $3,334.0
Abatement Control and $21,853.2 $34,559.0 $34,559.0 $46,764.0 $12,205,0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $35,448.8 $49,875.3 $49,874.9 $65,413.9 $15,539.0
Monitoring £ Analysis
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Coastal Envirorment 97.5 139.8 139.8 160.6 20.8
Management
Water Quality 146.7 149.1 149.1 156.5 7.4
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 244.2 288.9 288.9 317.1 28.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Coastal Environment 103.5 144.6 144.6 160.6 16.0
Management
Water Quality 157.5 156.5 156.5 156.5 0.0
Monitoring S Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 261.0 301.1 301.1 317.1 16.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $65,413,900 supported by 317,1 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $15,539,000 and an increase of 16.0 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $18,649,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expense appropriation and $46,764,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,334,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $12,205,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
1992 Prosrara Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,457,300 and 160,6 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,808,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $40,648,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $1,552,400 in Salaries and Expenses,
$12,400,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 16.0 in total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects support for increased workyears
and increased personnel and operating costs. The increases in total workyears
and in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflect two components of the
President's ecological protection initiative; implementation of the Agency's
Great Lakes initiative and the interagency Coastal America initiative.
In response to the mandates of the recently enacted Great Lakes Critical
Programs Act of 1990, the President's ecological protection initiative includes
significant additional resources directed to the Regions and the states who, in
conjunction with the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO), will continue
to accelerate development of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for the 30 U.S. Areas
of Concern (AOC) as well as for the five joint U.S./Canada AOCs. Lakewide
Management Plans for Lakes Ontario and Michigan will continue on their
accelerated schedule with the Lake Michigan LAMP being readied for submission to
the International Joint Commission.
As a major part of the President's ecological protection initiative, the
Agency, working closely with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, will
direct significant new resources towards a cooperative interagency approach to
improve the Federal response to three major coastal problems: speciesv and
habitat alteration and loss, nonpoint source pollution, and contaminated
sediments. This initiative, known as Coastal America, builds upon the
collective capabilities and authorities of the participating agencies, thereby
providing a broader range of authorities to effect change, the ability to share
field expertise and resources, and an expanded range and scope of
responsibilities and influence. Existing institutional frameworks and ongoing
programs, such as the NEP management conferences, near coastal waters (NCW)
strategies, and geographically targetted wastewater treatment construction grants
will be used to facilitate proposed actions and to administer project grants.
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Headquarters will continue support to the coastal Regions in 301(h) permit
reissuanee decisions and in conducting ocean discharge criteria evaluations for
403(c), as well as to continue developing regulations, technical guidance and
support documents, and managing a national data base in support of these
programs. The Agency will continue work to develop an overall framework for
marine ecological risk assessment, implementation of Section 312 of the CWA to
control marine sanitation devices, and operation of an ocean survey vessel to
support sound environmental management decisions.
Headquarters and the coastal Regions will continue providing support to 17
management conferences in the National Estuary Program (NEP). NEP action
projects to demonstrate innovative clean-up strategies will continue to be
evaluated and shared with other regions and states as they are completed. The
Agency will continue to develop tools and conduct training in response to needs
identified by the Regions and states through the Regional NCW strategies.
Headquarters will continue providing technical assistance to Regional and state
staffs on integrating point source, nonpoint source, and water quality planning
to address identified NCW problems. Regions IV and VI will continue to support
the Gulf of Mexico Program.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,504,900 supported by 144.6
total workyears for this program, of which $7,256,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $28,248,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters and the coastal Regions are providing support to 17 management
conferences in the NEP. The Agency is beginning to implement those Regional Near
Coastal Water strategies that have completed development. To test pollution
prevention effectiveness, grants are being provided to state and local
governments for selected action demonstration projects identified as national
priorities in NCW strategies or through the NEP projects.
The Agency continues developing regulations, technical guidance and support
documents, and managing a national data base in support of coastal and marine
regulatory responsibilities under Sections 301(h), 312, and403(c). Headquarters
is continuing support to the coastal Regions in 301(h) permit reissuance
decisions and in conducting ocean discharge criteria evaluations for 403(c). The
Agency is continuing to develop an overall framework for marine ecological risk
assessment, implementation of Section 312 of the CWA to control marine sanitation
devices, and ocean surveys conducted' by the RV Anderson to support sound
environmental management decisions.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,000,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of controlling erosion and sedimentation in the Great Lakes
Basin.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $21,059,100 supported by 103.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,431,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,627,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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Through the NEP, the Agency provided support and oversight to twelve
estuary projects. The Buzzards Bay project neared completion of its CCMP and
began the implementation phase of the program. Five more projects completed the
intensive environmental characterization and began Comprehensive Conservation
Management Plan (CCMP) development. The six projects selected in 1988 began the
intensive characterization phase. Five new projects were designated in 1990
based on a determination of national significance. For NCW Initiatives, the
Regions continued working with the states to assess environmental risks in NCWs,
select and define priority problems, identify needed enhancements to ongoing
programs, and identify and implement innovative abatement and control programs.
The Section 301(h) programs of Regions I, II, IX, and X focused on the
evaluation of monitoring programs and permit re issuance, following completion of
final waiver determinations for the remaining first round applications.
Headquarters supported a study by the National Academy of Science on
opportunities to improve wastewater management by urban coastal areas. The
coastal Regions' Section 403(c) programs continued efforts to bring NPDES
permittees into compliance with Section 403(c) criteria, consistent with the
recommendations of the 1989 report to Congress.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1992 Program Reques t
The Agency requests a total of $15,956,600 supported by 156.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,841,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expense appropriation and $6,115,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,781,600 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $195,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
no change in total workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel costs. The .reduction in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects a significant reduction in traditional monitoring activities
and a major shift to focus on watershed protection needs. This shift will
increase national activities to identify and target priority watersheds, develop
cost-effective rapid bioassessment methods and improved indicators,_ and
revitalize water data systems to support watershed initiatives. These increased
activities will support the Presidential ecological protection initiative.
EPA will reduce traditional monitoring program activities. We will reduce
technical guidance and modeling workshops supporting TMDL/WlAs and scale back
water quality monitoring and assessment activities for water quality trends. The
Agency will also postpone planned improvements to Section 305(b) reports to later
reporting cycles.
EPA will initiate efforts to assist States in establishing watershed
assessment and targeting programs. Working with Regions and States, Headquarters
will begin developing a national program to identify priority watersheds for
targeted/integrated management programs. EPA will identify indicators reflecting
ecological integrity and develop cost-effective rapid bioassessment methods to
both assess aquatic ecosystem stress (for targeting) and measure the
environmental gains of watershed protection initiatives. The Agency will sponsor
a third national monitoring symposium to address these and other significant
monitoring program directions.
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EPA will revitalize water quality data systems to support more watershed-
oriented applications, including developing electronic linkages to extensive
environmental data bases maintained by other Federal, State, and local agencies.
The data systems revitalization will also address expanding existing systems as
needed to handle appropriate watershed data (Including ancillary data bases) and
to improve data transfer between mainframes and PCs.
1991 Program
The Agency requests a total of $14,370,000 supported by 156,5 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,059,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expense appropriation and $6,310,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Based on previous national and state water quality studies and reports
(such as the Section 304(1) and Section 305(b) reports), the program is
concentrating on geographic areas where the presence of pollutants of concern
(such as contaminated sediments, State priority NFS, toxics in the water column
or bioaccumulative toxics) pose the greatest risk to human health and the aquatic
environment. EPA is encouraging states to evaluate water quality in these areas
as well as the sources of pollutants, and develop needed controls to minimize the
risks to human health and the aquatic environment. States are developing total
maximum daily loads (TMDLs), wasteload allocations (WIAs) and load allocations
(LAs) where water quality-based controls are needed to reduce point and nonpoint
source discharges.
EPA is developing a national Monitoring Mission Statement and is also
sponsoring workshops to describe simplified methods that states can use to
identify areas where contaminated sediment presents a high-risk, as well as
remediation methods states can use at specific sites.
EPA is analyzing the 1990 state Section 305(b) reports and preparing the
national water quality report to Congress. " The Agency is also working closely
with states to develop and implement guidance for preparing the State 1992
Section 305(b) reports.
EPA is continuing to strengthen state assessment and monitoring.programs
and further enhance the Waterbody System by linking It to state Geographic
Information Systems and to national water quality data systems operated by other
.Federal agencies. The Regions are reviewing state workplans and specific water
quality assessments and assisting in environmental data management.
Congressional Directives. A total of $200,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project Southwest Arkansas/Southeast Oklahoma Millwood Basin Water
Quality Study.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $14,389,700 supported by 157.5
total workyears for this program, of which $8,163,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,225,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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The program continued a high priority effort to assure effective
implementation of Section 304(1) of the Clean Water Act, providing assistance and
oversight .in addressing deficiencies in state submissions. Where states failed
to act, the Agency developed and promulgated lists of waters impaired by toxics
and by other pollutants.
The Bioaccumulation Study was drafted and used along with other information
to prepare a surface water risk assessment for pulp and paper companies. The
program developed several draft guidance documents on how to assess and remediate
sediment contamination problems where toxic pollutants are suspected of causing
adverse impacts on aquatic life and bioaccumulation problems.
The surface water monitoring program encouraged states to adopt more cost-
effective approaches, such as rapid biological assessments and use of citizen
volunteer programs, to enhance and augment state monitoring programs. A series
of workshops were conducted to address nonpoint source pollution monitoring and
assessment, estuarine monitoring, sediment contamination and bioaccumulation of
pollutants in fish tissue. EPA assisted states to monitor toxic pollutants and
assess toxicity in the aquatic environment, through workshops and direct
involvement in specific projects. States completed their 1990 Section 305(b)
reports. The Agency continued to strengthen state analysis capabilities and
improve water quality data management to enable integration with other data
bases. A detailed river network (REACH file 3) was prepared for use in STORET
and other data bases.
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WATER QUALITY
MiniefpaI Source Control
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE *
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Pollution
Control
Salaries £ Expenses $20.494.8 $19,696.4 $19,696.2 $20,625.8 $929.6
Abatement Control and $19,802.S $24,692.6 $24,692.6 $18,942.6 -$5,750.0
Coup I lance
TOTAL $40,297.3 $44,389.0 $44,388.8 $39,568.4 -$4,820.4
Uaste Treatment
Operations £
Maintenance
Salaries £ Expenses $1,154.2 0.0
TOTAL $1,154.2 0.0
TOTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses $21,649.0 $19,696.4 $19,696.2 $20,625.8 $929.6
Abatement Control and $19,802.5 $24,692.6 $24,692.6 $18,942.6 -$5,750.0
Compliance
Municipal Source TOTAL $41,451.5 $44,389.0 $44,388.8 $39,568.4 -$4,820.4
Control
PERMANENT WORICYEARS
Municipal Pollution 375.9 347.4 347.4 366.2 18.8
Control
Uaste Treatment 23.7 0.0
Operations £
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 399.6 347.4 347.4 366.2 18.8
TOTAL UORICYEARS
Municipal Pollution 400.9 366.2 366.2 366.2 0.0
Control
Waste Treatment 24.5 0.0
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL UOftCYEARS 425.4 366.2 366.2 366.2 0.0
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Pollution Control
BudRet Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,568,400 supported by 366.2 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $4,820,400 and no change in total workyears
from 1991. Of the request, $20,625,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $18,942,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $929,600 and a decrease of $5,750,000,
respectively.
MUNICIPAL POLLUTION CONTROL
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,568,400 supported by 366.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $20,625,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $18,942,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $929,600 in the
Salaries and Expense appropriation, a decrease of $5,750,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs. The
decreases in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the completion of start-
up activities for State Revolving Funds (SRF) and certain Congressionally
mandated projects.
In 1992, EPA will continue to manage the implementation of the SRF program
as 51 SRF programs are operational and several states switch to more complex SRF
financing proposals. Although funding for construction grants ended in 1990,
including the 205(g) set-aside, over 4,000 remaining projects will require
ongoing management. Headquarters will continue the overall management of this
large construction grants workload by emphasizing prompt completion and closeout
of active projects and resolution of audit problems, while maintaining the
technical, environmental and financial integrity of the program. Regional office
support through senior experienced professionals is vital to the expeditious
completion of the program as well as the Regions oversee states' continuing
management of the program. In cooperation with this effort, the Corps of
Engineers with 168 workyears will maintain support to approximately 900
construction grants projects. EPA will continue to implement the Indian set-
aside program through its Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service.
To assure that the national investment in wastewater treatment
infrastructure is protected, Headquarters, in cooperation with the Regional
offices and states will enhance long term coBpliance through proactive municipal
water pollution prevention programs (MWPP) . Headquarters will continue to direct
operations and maintenance (O&M), operator training, small community outreach,
and municipal financing including public/private partnerships to address needs.
In addition, new initiatives and pilot programs will be undertaken that provide
on-site support to the Regions and states to foster development, operation and
oversight of MWPP. These demonstration projects will assist states with
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training, workshops, sfelf-audits, and provide direct onsite technical assistance
through a team approach.
The Agency will continue its efforts on constructed wetlands, reduction in
the nation's water use, and will continue work on municipal technology transfer.
Headquarters will also undertake an International initiative to promote program
development through the transfer of water information and technology to Eastern
Europe, the Caribbean and U.S. Territories to assist in water pollution
prevention and remediation efforts.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $44,388,800 supported by 366.2 total
workyears for this program, of which §19,696,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and §24,692,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, EPA is continuing cooperation with the states to manage the
implementation and oversight of the SRF program. With 51 SRF programs operating,
the Agency's high level of effort puts forth extensive first round reviews of
annual reports, as well as review and approval of more complex SRF financing
proposals. The Agency is submitting the SRF Report to Congress and is finalizing
the 1990 Needs Survey.
Although funding for the construction grants program ended in 1990, the
traditional program management workload of state oversight responsibilities is
continuing. Regions are managing a workload of over 4,900 active grant projects.
The Agency is placing maximum emphasis on the completion and closeout of grant
projects and resolution of audit problems. Funds allocated for the Corps of
Engineers Interagency Agreement are supporting 214 total workyears to provide
construction management assistance. £o EPA and the states. Indian wastewater
treatment projects funded from the set-aside are in design and construction.
These projects require significant coordination and negotiation with the Indian
Health Service, tribes and Alaska Native Villages.
In 1991, the Agency is integrating operations and maintenance and operator
training program activities with this program element to improve coordination and
maximize resource utilization. EPA is implementing initiatives in municipal
water pollution prevention, water conservation and technology transfer to assure
that the national investment in wastewater treatment infrastructure is protected.
The Agency is providing §800,000 for operator training grants to support
effective on-site O&M and compliance assistance to operators of small publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs).
EPA is expanding its cooperative effort of wastewater treatment and
drinking water programs providing financing and technology assistance to small
communities, The Agency will focus on establishing programs that' encourage
efficient water use, promote overall reduction of the nation's water use on a per
capita basis and encourage a significant nationwide increase in the reclamation
and reuse of wastewater for various applications. The Agency is finalizing the
Sulfide Corrosion Report to Congress and is providing $1,000,000 to support the
Water Pollution Control Federation Research Foundation. Headquarters is
continuing to provide technical guidance and program assistance on sewage sludge
management, pretreatment requirements and ground-water contamination from leaky
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sewers. Also, Headquarters Is enhancing its support for constructed wetlands
which includes developing constructed wetlands guides.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,250,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for Wastewater Treatment Training ($1,250,000), EFA Training
Center/West Virginia University ($1,000,000), Snail Flows/West Virginia
University ($1,000,000), Water Conservation Task Force ($500,000), and the Water
Pollution Control Federation Research Foundation ($500,000).
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $40,297,300 supported by 400,9
total workyears for this program, of which $ 20,494,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $19,802,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EFA continued to manage two wastewater treatment programs emphasizing the
prompt completion of active construction grants projects and implementation
oversight of SRF programs.. The Agency developed a strategy to administer the
completion of the construction grants program. The strategy identifies the
necessary level and nix of program resources to handle the completion workload
and is based on the ongoing partnership among EPA (including the Inspector
General and Regions), the Corps of Engineers and the state agencies. Regions
also maintained essential emphasis on traditional construction grants management
activities which addresses a workload of approximately 5,800 grant projects.
Negotiation and award of initial SRF grants and the conducting of first annual
program reviews were the highest program priorities in the Regions,
As a result of the first funding cycle, the Agency provided funds for 18
Indian tribes and eight Alaska Native Villages in 1990. The §15,100,000
allocated for the Corps of Engineers Interagency Agreement supported 227 total
workyears and provided construction management assistance to EPA and the states.
In 1990, EPA increased emphasis toward preventing pollution and assuring
protection of the nation's multi-billion dollar infrastructure of major public
health and water quality improvements. The Agency promoted the development of
state programs related to municipal water pollution prevention, water
conservation and technology transfer. $1,710,900 was targeted to operator
training grants for oti-site assistance to small communities. Regions provided
increased information and assistance to help municipalities address alternative
financing methods for wastewater treatment needs. The wastewater treatment and
drinking water programs cooperated to provide information and assistance on
financing and technology to hard-pressed small communities. Headquarters
coordinated research, technology transfer and outreach activities with other
agencies and national organizations, including the Small Flows Clearinghouse.
WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1992 ProgramRequest
In 1992, resources to support operations and maintenance, including
operator training activities are requested under the Municipal Pollution Control
program element.
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1991 ProEgam
In 1991, resources to support operations and maintenance, Including operator
training activities are allocated under the Municipal Pollution Control program
element.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,154,200 supported by 24.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The resources obligated to continue operator training grants under the
Municipal Pollution Control program contributed to the development of effective
state O&M and operator training programs and supported improved minor municipal
facilities compliance.
With the grant funds noted in the municipal pollution control program above,
state and EPA Regional staff provided on-site compliance assistance and operator
training at about 600 minor POTWs, Regional/state operations management
evaluations and operator training programs prevented noncompliance and remained
a key component to the municipal water pollution prevention initiative. In
addition to managing operator training grants, Regions continued to work directly
with selected minor facilities to solve problems and oversee project performance
certification reviews.
EPA recognized superior facilities through enhancements to its National and
Regional ttastewater Excellence Awards programs. The Agency made 18 national
awards and 70 Regional awards for the O&M program. In addition, the Agency
continued to provide guidance, information and oversight assistance to the states
and communities to strengthen local O&M programs for improved sludge, toxics, and
innovative, alternative and conventional technologies management. In 1990, EPA
initiated a "Youth and the Environment* program to introduce youth to career
opportunities in the environmental field and help address manpower shortages for
skilled operators. The Agency also prepared promotional material and case
studies to assist POTWs in conducting Hazardous Household Waste collection
events.
3-68
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement .... ...... . ......... 3-69
Hater Quality Permit Issuance ....... . .......... 3-73
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $16,527.9 $21,133.4 $21,133.1 $22,666.8 $1,533.7
Abatement Control and $2.531.2 $5,979.6 $5,979.6 $6,379.6 $400.0
Compliance
TOTAL $21,059.1 $27.113.0 $27,112.7 $29,046.4 $1,933,7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $18,527.9 $21,133.4 $21,133.1 $22,666.8 $1,533.7
Abatement Control and $2,531.2 $5,979.6 $5,979.6 $6,379.6 $400.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $21,059.1 $27,113.0 $27,112.7 $29,046.4 $1,933.7
Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Water Quality 370.3 384.9 384.9 402.4 17.5
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 370.3 384.9 384.9 402.4 17.5
TOTAL WOmEARS
Water Quality 391.4 401.4 401.4 402.4 1.0
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 391.4 401.4 401.4 (02.4 1.0
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,046,400 supported by 402.4 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,933,700 and 1.0 total workyear from 1991.
Of this request, $22,666,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$6,379,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,533,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and an increase of $400,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,046,400 supported by 402.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $22,666,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,379,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,533,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an Increase of $400,000 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.0 total workyear. The
increase for Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs. The
increase for Abatement, Control and Compliance is the net result of both a
decrease of $100,000 in enhancements to the Permit Compliance System and an
increase of $500,000 for activity under the President's Ecology initiative to
provide case support for NPDES and pretreatment enforcement cases in the Great
Lakes, in conjunction with the Agency's Great Lakes Basin Initiative,
All but 135 municipal facilities are expected to have completed
construction to meet final effluent limits by the end of 1992. EPA will continue
to emphasize municipal compliance with final effluent limits, as the Agency works
for further reduction of POTW significant noncompliance rates. Diagnostic
inspections, composite correction plans, and judicial actions will be used to
facilitate compliance where necessary. The Agency will work with states to
implement individual Municipal Water Pollution Prevention (MWPP) programs, which
establish procedures designed to prevent potential noncompliance by municipal
facilities. EPA will evaluate overall accomplishments of the program and make
necessary adjustments to the MWPP guidance.
The Agency will continue to promote better pretreatment implementation
through approved local pretreatment programs. EPA will implement an expanded
inspection program for POTWs and increase inspections of industrial users (Ills),
thus providing a more intense review of the compliance status of lus.
The enforcement program will continue to place a high priority on
enforcement of permit requirements that limit the discharge of toxics. All major
permittee will be inspected, and a timely and appropriate enforcement response
will be emphasized in all cases of significant noncompliance. Administrative
penalty orders will continue to be used. About 60 percent of all such orders are
-------
Class I. Atx administrative compliance order requiring correction of the
violation will accompany nearly all administrative penalty orders,
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $27,112,700 supported by 401,4
total workyears for this program, of which $21,133,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,979,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is issuing implementation guidance on the MWPP, This program
is being established to surface potential problems at POTWs in time to allow
correction before violations occur. EPA is continuing to focus on municipal
enforcement activity in an attempt to further reduce significant noneompliance
rates for municipal facilities on final effluent limits.
In 1991, the goal of the pretreatment enforcement program is to encourage
improved Implementation by all 1,500 approved programs, EPA is continuing
pretreatment compliance inspections where programs are not audited, reviewing
annual reports and tracking POTW performance through the Pretreatment Permits and
Enforcement Tracking System. EPA is continuing to rely on states and approved
POTWs to ensure the compliance of industrial users with pretreatment standards.
Where there is no approved local program, EPA along with states, is emphasizing
the identification of categorical industrial users; compliance monitoring where
such industries have been identified; and enforcement.
EPA is monitoring and enforcing toxic permit requirements. The Agency is
using both chemical and biological methods to monitor compliance of toxics.
Enforcement of toxieity requirements is focusing on identification of causes and
expeditious elimination of toxicity using the best available technical knowledge
in the scientific community.
1990 Acconiplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $21,059,100 supported by 391.4
total workyears for this program, of which $18,527,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,531,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
As of October 1, 1990, 82 percent of the National Municipal Policy (NMP)
universe had completed construction to ..comply with final effluent limits. Only
10 of the original 1,478 major NMP facilities were not yet in compliance, on an
enforceable schedule or referred for judicial enforcement action. Enforceable
construction schedules were established for 75 percent of the 1,240 minor
municipal facilities needing schedules.
EPA monitored POTWs to ensure adequate implementation of their approved
local pretreatment program and used enforcement actions against POTWs that failed
to implement their programs. EPA issued 24 administrative penalty orders
against municipalities for failure to adequately implement approved local
pretreatment programs and referred nine municipalities for judicial action. In
addition, enforcement action against 50 of the 61 cities included in the October
1989 national pretreatment enforcement initiative were concluded, resulting in
penalties of over $2,925,000. During 1990, EPA conducted over 316 pretreatoent
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compliance inspections of POTWs and 63 pretreatment inspections of industrial
users. EPA also took action directly against Industrial users. Thirty-five
administrative penalty orders were issued and 18 industrial users were referred
for judicial actions. In 1990, the Agency conducted numerous pretreatment
workshops. Specifically, these workshops covered the development of enforcement
response plans and trained city attorneys in pretreatnent enforcement.
In 1990, EPA conducted training on the Compliance Monitoring and
Enforcement Strategy for Toxics Control and Toxieity Reduction Evaluations. The
Agency, along with states, began inpleatentation of the Strategy by reporting
toxicity violations on the Quarterly Noncoopliance Report, issuing administrative
orders and administrative penalty orders to address violations, and providing
technical assistance to permittees doing Toxicity Reduction Evaluations.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil hazardous substance spill requirements
included 124 referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 48 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention Control
Countermeasure plan requirements.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL EHACTEP CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses $14,398.2 $16,340.7 $16,335.4 $19,623.9 13,288.5
Abatement Control and $7,269.7 $8,047.4 $8,047.4 $8,293.4 $246.0
Compliance
TOTAL 121,667.9 S24,388.1 £24,382.8 $27,917.3 S3,534.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $14,398.2 $16,340.7 $16,335.4 $19.623.9 $3,288.5
Abatement Control and $7,269.7 $8,047.4 $8,047.4 $8,293.4 $246.0
Compli ance
Uater Quality TOTAL 521,667.9 $24,388.1 $24,382.8 $27,917.3 $3,534.5
Permit Issuance
PERMANENT WORICYEARS
Permit Issuance 290.9 327.1 327.1 362.7 3S.6
TOTAL PERMANENT VORKYEARS 290.9 327.1 327.1 362.7 35.6
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 305.5 340.8 340.8 362.7 21.9
TOTAL UORKYEARS 305.5 340.8 340.8 362.7 21.9
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
BudEet Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,917,300 supported by 362.7 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $3,534,500 and 21.9 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $19,623,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,293,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents increases of $3,288,500 in the Salaries -and Expenses
appropriation $246,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,917,300 supported by 362.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,623,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,293,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,288,500 in Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of $246,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and an increase of 21.9 in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance represents the reprogramming of
resources for hazardous waste regulatory support under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) to support pretreatment activities. The increase in
workyears provides support for geographically targeted permit efforts, especially
to areas impacted by storm water and combined sewer overflow, and reprogramming
of RCRA workyears to better coordinate pretreatment and sludge management
activities cross media.
The Agency will propose or promulgate revisions to basic National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations, the storm water regulations for
moratorium sources, and revisions to general pretreatment regulations. EPA will
continue to support expected legal challenges to Domestic Sewage Study
regulation, storm water, NPDES and other regulations promulgated in 1990 and
1991. Contract funds will be used fqr litigation, regulatory and evidentiary
hearing support.
The Agency will continue to assist in the development, review and approval
of state (and Indian tribe) NPDES programs and modifications, encouraging states
to obtain sludge permitting and general permitting authority. The latter is key
to the implementation of the storm water program. To ensure national
consistency, EPA will conduct permit quality reviews and state audits.
The Agency will provide guidance and assistance to support water quality-
based permitting (toxics control), pretreatment implementation, Near Coastal
Water permitting, and variances. EPA will also conduct training courses,
workshops, and seminars on basic permit writing to include segments on pollution
prevention, toxic permitting, sludge permitting, and pretreatment. EPA will
3-74
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increase technical assistance and specific permit support to states on combined
sewer overflows (CSOs) and storm water permits in support of geographically
targeted efforts.
In 1992 the Agency will publish a regulation under existing statutory
authority imposing fees for the issues of NPDES permits in nondelegated States.
The fees will cover the cost of issuing permits and are expected to raise $10
million annually for deposit in the General Fund.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $24,382,800 supported by 340.8
total workyears for this program, of which $16,335,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,047,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA is emphasizing the reissuance of expiring major permits incorporating
toxic/toxicity limits based on biomonitoring and/or chemical specific testing.
EPA is emphasizing the issuance of CSO permits and assisting states in
implementing the CSO strategies developed in 1990. To protect critical habitats,
EPA is strengthening its focus on issuing permits to near coastal water (NCW)
discharges of pollutants of concern, especially where CSO or stormwater
discharges are problems.
EPA is focusing on pollution prevention through reissuance of major
municipal permits that include requirements for publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) to assess the need to plan for plant upgrades and expansion. Training
modules encourage consideration of innovative approaches to municipal pollution
prevention and assist in developing permit requirements for planning plant
upgrades. Pollution prevention is also a significant part of the NCW activities
through increased support of the pretreatment program.
EPA is continuing to conduct detailed POTW pretreatment program reviews,
with appropriate follow-up, to ensure effective implementation. EPA is assisting
POTWs to develop/modify local limits to control toxics/hazardous pollutants in
accordance with revised pretreatment regulations and to ensure compliance with
sludge requirements and water quality-based limits in POTW permits.
EPA continues to assist states in issuing/modifying toxic/toxicity based
permits and is working with states to improve their toxic control programs. The
Agency is continuing to review state (and Indian tribe) NPDES programs and
program modifications, with emphasis1 on general permit authority, and to
encourage state assumption of sludge permitting programs.
EPA promulgated storm water application regulations and is proposing NPOES
regulations to implement programmatic and other Water Quality Act (WQA) related
revisions. EPA is completing the Section 519 pretreatment and the stormwater
reports to Congress.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $21,667,900 supported by 305.5
total workyears for this program, of which $14,398,200 was from the Salaries and
3-75 V \
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Expenses appropriation and $7,269,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued to emphasize control of hazardous and toxic pollutants from
direct dischargers. EPA gave priority to completing the issuance of Individual
Control Strategies (ICSs) to major and minor dischargers listed as required by
Section 304(1} of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended. Remaining permits were
being issued to include toxicity-based or water quality-based limits based on
human health protection, toxicity reduction evaluations, revised local
pretreatment programs, and/or Best Available Technology for organic chemicals.
EPA continued to review NPDES state programs and program modification
requests. EPA assisted states to develop sludge programs and strengthen their
toxic control programs in accordance with action plans.
In 1990, EPA assisted POTWs to develop/modify local limits to control
toxics and hazardous pollutants in accordance with revised pretreatment
regulations and as required by ICSs and changes in sludge disposal standards.
EPA continued to audit POTWs to evaluate application of categorical standards,
local limits and issuance of control mechanisms. The Agency provided guidance
and contract assistance to implement revisions to the general Pretreatment
Regulations based on Pretreatment Implementation Review Task Force
recommendations; revise/develop local limits to include additional toxic
pollutant limits, including organics; conduct toxicity reduction evaluations and
assess toxicity related spills; and apply organic chemical categorical
pretreatment standards. Workshops and seminars were provided on toxicity
testing, biomonitoring, and state/PQTW pretreatment implementation.
The Agency promulgated the General Pretreatment Regulation revisions
reflecting requirements of the Domestic Sewage Study,
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4. Drinking Water
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
TableofContents
Paoe
DRINKIN6 WATER . 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-8
Scientific Assessment . ....... 4-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 4-13
Health Effects . . . 4-14
Environmental Engineering and Technology .... 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-17
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-19
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-20
Drinking Water Implementation . 4-22
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance . 4-26
Public Hater Systems Supervision Program Grants ........ 4-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants . . 4-29
Special Studies and Demonstrations ...... 4-32
Drinking Water Management ..... ..... 4-34
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance ...... 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program ...... 4-37
Ground-Water Protection 4-41
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement ....... . 4-46
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DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE •
1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance •
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Water
$37.437.6 441,419.0 £41,467.4 US,881.4 $4,419.0
172,374.2 $82,338.8 $82,338.8 $78,463.8 -$3,875.0
$10,060.* $10,431.2 $10,431.2 $11,103.2 $1,372.0
$119,872,2 $134,189.0 $134,232.4 $136,148.4 $1,916.0
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$557.1
$402.8
$402.8
-$402.8
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
684,3 776.4 776,4 807.4 31.0
726,1 800.7 800.7 807.4 6.7
$110,071.8 $121,473.0 $121,513.4 $122,210.1 $696.7
The Safe Drinking Uater Act of 1986 reauthorized this
progrM at a level of $199,570.0 for 1990 and $199,570.0
for 1991. Authorization for the Safe Drinking Water Act
expires on September 30, 1991.
4-1
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DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA, under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as amended in 1986, assures
that public water supplies are free of contaminants that may cause health risks
and protects ground water resources by preventing the endangerment of underground
sources of drinking water. EPA pursues a twofold approach, protecting drinking
water at the tap and preventing contamination of ground-water sources of drinking
water supplies.
The 1986 Amendments provide for an expanded Federal role in protecting
drinking water, mandating sweeping changes in nationwide safeguards and new
responsibility to enforce them in the event of state inaction, EPA's strategy
is to usher in this new, comprehensive level of drinking water protection by
maximizing voluntary compliance through a balance of enhanced enforcement
presence, pollution prevention, state capacity building, mobilization of local
government support and innovative partnerships, EPA has established its
implementation priorities according to the degree of human health risk, focusing
on four classes of contaminants with the highest health risks nationwide:
microbiological pathogens, lead, radionuclides and disinfection by-products.
Similarly, enforcement priorities, embodied in the definition of Public Water
System (PWS) Significant Non-Compliance (SNC), are risk based.
EPA is also focusing on the prevention of contamination of vulnerable
ground-water resources by assisting states to develop and implement comprehensive
ground-water protection strategies. These strategies will address both the full
range of actual and potential sources of ground-water contamination and provide
for wellhead protection activities in the areas around public water systems. In
addition, EPA is targeting specific activities to protect drinking water sources
from the harmful effects of injection of wastes and other fluids; in particular,
EPA is increasing enphasis on the vast number of diverse shallow (Class V)
injection wells.
Drinking Water Standard Setting
EPA defines its risk-reduction objectives for drinking water protection
through promulgation of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs).
NPDWRs are developed for any contaminants "known or anticipated to occur" in PWSs
that may have any adverse human health effects. The SDWA Amendments prescribe
•a stringent timetable for regulating the 83 contaminants referenced in the law,
a subsequent triennial cycle for listing and regulating additional contaminants,
specific treatment technology requirements, and monitoring for unregulated
contaminants.
EPA sets standards that represent the level of maximum feasible health
protection. Not only does this directly enhance protection at the tap, but also
provides a comprehensive array of standards for use as health protection
benchmarks in other environmental programs. At the same time, EPA takes into
account the potential burden of the wholesale increase in the number of
regulatory requirements, by building into the standards themselves both
flexibility and streamlined administrative requirements. The accompanying
4-2
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monitoring and reporting requirements may be staggered by the states, giving
smaller systems more time to prepare for monitoring and compliance.
The major contaminants remaining to be addressed in 1992 include the Phase
V Rule covering 24 inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals, the proposed rule
for 25 chemicals on the second Contaminant Priority List, radionuclides, arsenic,
and disinfectants and disinfection by-products. In addition, EPA will begin the
mandated triennial review of all Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), beginning
with the Fluoride rule and the Volatile Organic Contaminant (VOC) rule. EPA
estimates that full implementation of these drinking water regulations will
achieve significant health benefits: avoidance of 400,000 cases of
gastrointestinal illness and 400 deaths due to this illness per year and 180
cases of cancer^ In addition, full implementation of the lead rule will bring
blood lead levels of over 500,000 children per year below the level associated
with effects on neurological development.
States have had notable success in maintaining and increasing systems'
compliance through their traditional programs. These programs reflect & balance
of preventative measures (regular surveillance of systems' operations, review of
planned facility changes, operator certification), technical assistance and an
enforcement deterrent. However, additional regulatory requirements, arising from
the 1986 amendments, mean increased non-compliance, hence increased enforcement
requirements,
EPA determines its enforcement priorities on the basis of health risk,
focusing on the prevalence of microbiological, lead, radionuclide and
disinfection by-product contamination. Enforcement is the linchpin of state/EPA
efforts to promote voluntary compliance. Credible enforcement deterrence
complements the direct promotion of compliance by ensuring that no public water
system will realize (apparent) advantage by not making the necessary enhancements
to meet the requirements. Even with the increased enforcement resources
requested in 1992, EPA and states will only_have enough resources to target the
most serious NPDWR violations, continuing to take Federal action on all SNC
violators (SNCs are based on frequency of violations and seriousness of
violations) that the states have failed to bring into compliance.
PWS Program Implementation
EPA's first priority is to support the expansion of state program
capabilities, essential to implement the growing regulatory framework. The
critical factor is state partnership. Under the Federal-state framework
established by the SDWA, EPA relies on the states to realize its program
objectives. Therefore, it is essential for the states to become agents for
change. Not only must the states expand their commitment to broad protection of
drinking water supplies, but they must also invest in developing new approaches
to interacting with public water systems, local governments and other interested
parties in order to increase their effectiveness. Through its mobilization
initiative and its local government initiative, EPA is seeking to leverage scarce
Federal and state resources. This pioneering approach will mobilize all parties
with a stake in safe drinking water to seek change at the grass roots level and
bring to bear the considerable existing resources of local governments.
: V
4-3
"X. . ' T
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In Its PWS Program implementation, EPA is emphasizing "marketing" voluntary
compliance across the regulated community, focusing on the thousands of small
public water systems that predominate the PWS regulated community. Beyond the
task of simply reaching so many systems (in order to prevent a vast number of
inadvertent violations), EPA is encouraging states to address the primary causes
of system non-compliance (such as customer resistance to higher rates, inadequate
facilities and poor training and expertise) through institutional innovations,
technology and training support, public education, and other mobilization
efforts. To this end, EPA is sponsoring various initiatives and demonstrations
to promote small-systems viability.
Underground Injection Control
Through its Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, EPA and 40 state
primacy programs will continue to maintain regulatory coverage of 308,000
underground injection wells. However, EPA and the states will increase their
emphasis on contamination risks from Class V wells that encompass a wide variety
of different well types that resist uniform regulatory treatment, ranging from
radioactive waste-disposal wells, service station and industrial drainage and
disposal wells, to irrigation return wells. EPA's "Shallow Injection Well
Program Strategy" calls for outlining an action plan combining traditional
regulatory controls (on the highest-risk well categories) with more innovative
approaches to foster voluntary control practices.
The strategy entails an analytical process for EPA and the states to screen
the Class V universe and prescribe appropriate levels or forms of control, based
on the level of potential endangerment to ground-water resources. In 1992
implementation will be guided also by the results of EPA-funded demonstration
projects (funded in 1990), designed to field test the best approaches to Class
V controls. In 1992 the most intense shallow-well activities are likely to be
the closure and enforcement of wells newly defined to be illegal "Class IV"
injection wells, pursuant to the Hazardous, Waste program's redefinition of the
toxicity characteristic for designating waste as hazardous.
Addressing the emerging problem of Class V wells complements and reinforces
the Agency's efforts in regulating the principal classes of injection wells.
Class II (oil and gas production and storage-related injection wells) compliance
evaluations will continue as the remaining states complete their first five-year
cycle of Class II file reviews. The program will emphasize both permitting and
ensuring compliance with permit and statutory requirements of other UIC
categories, particularly Class I and, II. Where a state does not or cannot
respond to violations In a timely and appropriate manner, EPA will take
enforcement action.
Ground-Water Protection
The principal objective of EPA's ground-water protection activities in 1992
will be assisting and supporting the states in the development and implementation
of Comprehensive Ground-Water Protection Programs (Comprehensive Programs). With
Comprehensive Programs, ground-water protection will move beyond the limited
parameters of Federal and state source control programs and focus on protection
of the ground-water resource as a whole and the tailoring of site specific
solutions. The Comprehensive Programs serve as the mechanism to coordinate
Federal ground-water protection activities under relevant statutes (e.g. , CERCLA,
4-4
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RCRA, FIFRA, CWA, SDWA) as well as state and local authorities and programs. In
addition, EPA will work with other Federal agencies, such as the Department of
Agriculture, Department of Transportation and the Department of the Interior, to
integrate the activities of their local and state-level programs into State
Comprehensive Ground-Water Protection Programs.
EPA will emphasize the importance of prioritizing activities in high risk
areas by incorporating the wellhead protection program and state pesticides
management plans into Comprehensive Programs. In addition, EPA will expand
support for innovative activities/projects which prevent contamination of ground
water by non-traditional sources.
EPA will also work to improve the scientific knowledge underlying ground-
water protection by assessing the potential for using biological criteria as
indicators of ecological impacts of ground-water contamination. The relationship
between ground-water discharge and surface water quality in sensitive aquatic
ecosystems.
In 1992, EPA will assist states in building and strengthening their
capabilities in collecting, managing, and accessing data on the ground-water
resource. Through the adoption of the minimum data element set for ground water,
states can not only ensure the reliability and integration of ground-water data,
but also facilitate the implementation of comprehensive ground-water data
management. In addition, EPA will develop policies and procedures for
incorporating nitrate information into ground-water data bases,
Research and Development
The Agency's Office of Research and Development will continue to focus
ground water research on subsurface transport and fate processes and agricultural
processes that influence ground-water contamination. In 1992, research centers
on the processes that facilitate transport, biological transformation, and
oxidation-reduction focusing on the behavior of complex mixtures. The results
of the research will allow better human exposure assessments from ground-water
contamination. The program will also develop an integrated research effort
focusing on new approaches to delineate_and manage ground-water quality within
wellhead protection areas, support methods development to detect ground-water
contaminants, understand and predict their behavior, evaluate in-situ restoration
as being a viable cost-effective alternative for cleanup, and support UIC and
regulatory efforts.
The Agency will develop data on the chemistry and toxicology of drinking
water disinfectants used in place of chlorine, primarily ozone and chloramine and
their reaction by-products. Many municipalities will begin using ozone and
chloramine for drinking water disinfection to avoid high levels of chlorinated
disinfection by-products. Currently, little is known about either the spectrum
of by-products that might be expected from the aforementioned disinfection
regimes or the toxicological properties of these chemicals and/or mixtures of
chemicals. Biologically directed fractionation will be used to identify the
compounds presenting the highest probable human health risk. Research will
strengthen the development and validation biomarkers to quantify exposure and
effects, with particular emphasis placed on the gastro-intestinal tract where
first exposure to chemicals occurs.
4-5
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Consulting Services
Consulting services are used to supplement existing in-house expertise in
the drinking water program. These services are utilized in the development and
review of regulations, policy and guidance documents pertaining to drinking water
standards, PWS and U1C program implementation and the identification of emerging
waterborne environmental or human health hazards.
4-6
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DRINKING WATER
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1990 1991 1992
INCREASE*
DECREASE-
1992 VS.
1991
0
-18
-106
0
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
states 8,606 6,094 6,094
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA 547 534 516
UIC Mechanical Integrity
testing 35,741 25,461 25,355
UIC Compliance Review1... 34,561 0 0
PWS Primacy Development
Grants to Indian Tribes 123
Enforcement Actions - PWS
Inspections n/a n/a n/a
Notices of Violation ... 453 527 576
Administrative Orders .. 149 227 252
Civil Litigation (new) .2 33
Criminal Litigation .... 0 0 0
Enforcement Actions - UIC
Inspections .... 99,129 56,552 56,144
Notices of Violation ... n/a n/a n/a
Administrative Orders .. 165 137 137
Civil Ligation (new) ... 3 5 6
Criminal Ligation ,...,. 0 0 0
Cumulative Outputs
PWS Primacy States 54 55 55
UIC Primacy States (full
and partial programs) .. 35/5 35/5 35/5
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers 5.5 63 7'2
Approved State Wellhead
Protection Programs2. ... 13 25 50
49
25
0
0
-408
0
1
0
0
0
9
25
1 Reduction in 1991 and 1992 results from phase out of this activity in order
to increase Class IV and V well and UIC enforcement activities.
2 Output is added to report on a statutory mandated program to protect
drinking water under section 1428 of the SDWA.
4-7
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PRINKING
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research ........... .......... 4-8
Scientific Assessment ..................... 4-12
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... ........ 4-13
Health Effects ...... . ................. 4-14
Environmental Engineering and Technology ...... ..... 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects .... .......... 4-17
\
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Page Intentionally Blank
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Mater
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$431,8
$255.4
$687.2
$495.4
S26S.2
$763.6
1495.4
$268.2
$763.6
$614.6
$288.2
$902.8
$119,2
$20.0
$139.2
Monitoring systems I
Quality Assurance •
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research I Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Salaries £ Expenses
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Salaries £ Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$2,487.0 $2,061.8
$1,564.7 $1,477.6
$4,051.7 $3,539.4
$3,091.9 $3,019.0
$2,795.0 $2,886.0
$5,886.9 $5,901.0
TOTAL
$3,002.1 $2,945.1
$1,816.9 $2,604.4
$4,819.0 $5,549.5
$1,863.5 $1,728.9
$3,628.4 $3,195.0
$5,491.9 $4,923,9
$2,061.8 $2,444.0
$1,477.6 $1,557.0
$3,539.4 $3,981.0
$3,019,0 $1,184.7
$2,886.0 $2,574.7
$5,905.0 $4.459.4
$2,989.4- $3,660.4
$2,604.4 $2,213.3
$5,593.8 $5,873.7
$1,728.9 $1,834.1
$3,195.0 $5,190.0
$4,923.9 $7,024.1
$382.2
$59.4
$441.6
-$1,134.3
-$311.3
-$1,445.6
$671.0
-$391.1
$279.9
$105.2
$1,995.0
$2,100.2
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses
Research t Development
Drinking Water
Research
$10,876.3 $10,250.2 $10,294.5 $10,437.8 $143.3
$10,060.4 $10,431.2 $10,431.2 $11,803.2 $1,372.0
TOTAL $20,936.7 $20,681.4 $20,725.7 $22,241.0 $1,515.3
4-8
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ACTUAL
1990
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering I
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKTEARS
6.5 8.0 8.0 10.0 2.0
39.6 36.8 38.8 U.8 6.0
55.7 58.2 58.2 30.9 -27.3
50.3 53.3 53.3 64.3 11.0
26.6 27.2 27.2 28.2 1.0
178.7 185.5 185.5 178.2 -7.3
Scientific Assessment *
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology * Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6.9 8.0 8.0 10.0
40.9 38.8 38.8 44.8
2.0
6.0
58.3 58.2 58.2 30.9 -27.3
52.2 53.3 53.3 64.3 11.0
29.9 27.2 27.2 28.2 1.0
188.2 185.5 185.5 178.2 -7.3
4-9
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs
1992: o Response to public comment for Phase V chemicals (Scientific
Assessment),
o Review and revision of 30 health advisories (Scientific Assessment).
o Provide guidance on monitoring strategies for wellhead
protection areas (Monitoring).
o Report on the carcinogenic effects of chloroacetaldehydes and
dichloropropanones found in drinking water when
chlorinated (Health).
o Interim performance evaluation for ozone, chlorine dioxide,
and chloromines as alternative disinfectants (Engineering).
o Report on the control of regulated synthetic organic compounds in
drinking water (Engineering).
o Report on protocols for monitoring corrosivity of water
(Engineering).
o Report on determining water quality changes using the oxygen
activation log (Environmental Processes).
o Report on field tested methods for determining mechanical integrity
of injection wells (Environmental Processes),
o Report on evaluation and refinement of wellhead protection
area delineation methods (Environmental Processes).
o Report on methods for assessing the impact of land use on ground-
water quality (Environmental Processes).
1.9.9.1: o Prepare and respond to public comments on Phase IV and V
contaminates, revise corresponding criteria documents
(Scientific Assessment).
o Publish final Health Risk Assessments for Phase II
chemicals (Scientific Assessment).
o Provide report on the sampling variance caused by well construction,
materials, and operations (Monitoring).
o Evaluate and adapt, where possible, existing oil exploration methods
4-10
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for groundwater monitoring (Monitoring),
o Report on carcinogenic and reproductive effects of chloroacetlc
acids (Health).
o Report on the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study on
the chronic effects of using ozone as a disinfectant (Health),
p The adequacy and cost effectiveness of disinfectant
by-products control (Engineering).
o Provide report on disinfection of legionella and associated bacteria
in drinking water (Engineering),
1990:
o Completed draft risk assessments and criteria documents for Phase II
chemicals incorporating public comment (Scientific Assessment).
o Provided improved methods for predicting contaminant movement and
transformation (Monitoring).
o Reported on the mechanistic approaches to assess the interactions of
drinking water contaminants (Health).
o Reported on cancer risks associated with the disinfection of
drinking water (Health).
o Develop and verify Legionella inactlvation data for public plumbing
systems (Engineering).
o Provide report on inactivation of Cytptosporitium Oocysts
(Engineering).
o Provided report on point-of-entry systems for removal of radon
(Engineering).
o Reported on ozonizatlon products in drinking water (Environmental
Processes).
4-11
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,241,000 supported by 178.2 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,515,300 and a decrease of 7.3 in total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $10,437,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,803,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, increases of $143,300 and of $1,372,000 respectively. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflect additional costs associated with
payroll, while the increase in Research and Development reflects support for new
initiatives for groundwater contamination in food/agricultural production
processes and in wellhead protection research.
Program Objec^tlves
The Drinking Water research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office of Drinking Water (ODW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA). This program consists of the following objectives:
o Health assessment information to support the Office of Drinking
Water in revising regulations to control drinking water contaminants
under the SDWA and technical support to the regions and states in
ascertaining causes of outbreaks from waterborne infectious diseases
and determining the hazard to humans from exposure to infectious
agents through drinking water.
o Develop and evaluate analytical procedures to monitor drinking water
contaminants and evaluate treatment processes and costs to support
ODW regulatory decision-making,
o Provide the scientific basis for the protection of underground
drinking water sources to implement the SDWA.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992 Program Request ;
The Agency requests a total of $902,800 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $614,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $288,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $119,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. This increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. This represents an increase
of $20,000 in the Research and Development appropriation and an increase of 2.0
in total workyears. These increases reflect the regulatory office request for
more risk assessment documentation necessary for rule making.
4-12
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ORD will provide quantitative health risk assessments from exposure to
drinking water contaminants, for use in development of drinking water standards.
It includes preparation and responses to public comments on specific Phase IV and
Phase V chemicals, revision of corresponding criteria documents and preparation
of final criteria documents for defined phase VI chemicals. Continued assistance
will be given for the promulgation of Phase IV & V regulations,
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $763,600 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which §495,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and §268,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
ORD is finalizing responses to public comments received for the Phase V
chemicals and assisting in the final promulgation of the Phase II regulations.
Two Phase IV criteria documents and seventeen Phase VI health risk assessments
are being prepared. Seventeen drinking water criteria documents for
toxicological effects will be prepared for Phase VI chemicals. The program also
provides technical support to the regions and states.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $687,200 supported by 6.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $431,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $255,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments include finalized public comments on Phase II
chemicals, preparation of final drafts on documents for two Phase IV chemicals
and final drafts for all Phase V chemicals, thirteen final drafts on Phase VI
toxicological effects chapters and three documents were prepared.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Prpgr.am,Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,981,000 supported by 44.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,444,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,537,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $382,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. This represents an increase
of $59,400 in the Research and Development appropriation, and an increase of 6.0
in total workyears. These increases reflect additional dietary exposure research
associated with the total food chain.
ORD will provide research and technical support for quality assurance
activities supporting the states, regions and user communities through the
transfer of technologies including analytical methods, quality assurance
protocols and reduced cost techniques for testing samples. Research continues to
determine microbial quality of drinking water; methods for isolation and
detection of Giardia. Cryptosporidium and Leglonella: use of molecular biological
techniques to improve and validate microbial analysis; and research on
disinfection/disin-fection by-products.
4-13
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Researchers will evaluate, identify and assess technologies to improve
injection well practices, assess fluid movement from injection wells and develop
laser induced fluorescence to monitor groundwater by fiber optics. Major
emphasis will be placed on development of devices for continuous monitoring and
to improve techniques for extraction of samples in wellhead protection areas,
develop geographical information systems for data base management and on
geophysical surveys for characterization of injection wells.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §3,539,400 supported by 38.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,061,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,477,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The monitoring program is expediting methods validation work to meet the new
drinking water regulations for organic chemical contaminants. The program
provides analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants including
development of procedures for analysis of radioactive contaminants and improved
coliform analysis methods.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,0.51,700 supported by 40.9 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking water, of
which $2,487,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,564,700
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
To support the revised National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR),
ORD developed and standardized numerous chemical and microbiological methods for
determining volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile organic compounds. A
handbook was completed for use by the regions and states on design and
installation of groundwater monitoring wells. Inter-laboratory comparisons were
performed to assess the performance of chemical microbiological methods for
analysis of contaminants regulated under NPDWR and laboratories were certified
to do drinking water analysis. Quality assurance support was provided for EPA,
state, regional, and contract laboratories.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1992 ProgramRequest l
The Agency requests a total of $4,459,400 supported by 30.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,884,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,574,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents decreases of $1,134,300 and $311,300
respectively, and a decrease of 27.3 in the total workyears. The decreases
reflect a consolidation of function to one health laboratory. These decreases
do not reflect a reduced work effort. The consolidation is designed to optimize
use of scientific capabilities, improve programmatic support, reduce costs
associated with health and safety and consolidate animal care facilities.
4-14
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Health research will support the Office of Drinking Water in its effort to
develop recommended drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and
MCLs for twelve disinfectants and more than eighteen types of disinfection by-
products. In response to the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, (3RD will
conduct research to isolate, identify, synthesize and characterize the
toxicological effects of major disinfectant by-products that present the highest
probable health risks.
Focus remains on the effects of disinfectants to be used as alternatives to
chlorine, such as ozone and chloramine and chlorine dioxide, individually and in
combined usage.
We will develop risk extrapolation methodology for determining human
exposure to chemical mixtures as they occur in source waters for drinking water.
Epidemiology studies will continue to be conducted to determine the association
between the use of disinfectants and carcinogenic health effects.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,905,000 supported by 58.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,019,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,886,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Health research is supporting the Office of Drinking Water's efforts to
develop maximum contaminant levels and health advisories for chemicals found in
drinking water. Researchers are developing toxicological and epidemiological
data to support development of the disinfectant rule and maximum contaminant
level goals. This includes research on disinfectants, disinfectant by-products
and other organic and inorganic contaminants. Other research is being conducted
to improve extrapolation methods used in risk assessment.
199Q, Aecpmplislimentp
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,886,900 supported by 58.3 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking water, of
which $3,091,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,795,000
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major Health research accomplishments were reports on: developmental and
reproductive effects of disinfectants and by-products; mechanistic approaches of
interactions of drinking water contaminants; a report on the chemistry and
toxicology of ozone disinfection; and evaluations of epidemiology in assessing
current and future disinfection technologies for drinking water.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $5,873,700 supported by 64.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,660,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,213,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of §671,000 in the Salaries and
4-15
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Expenses appropriation. This increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992, There is a. decrease of
$391,100 in the Research and Development appropriation, and an increase of 11.0
in total workyears. The workyear and Salary and Expenses increases represent a
strengthening of the in-house research associated with disinfectants and their
by-products. The decrease in Research and Development represents a partial
offset from the extramural support for disinfectants and their by-products.
Environmental engineers will evaluate processes for removing volatile
organic compounds and pesticides, setting standards and implementing regulations,
We will develop new information on treatment-system performance and cost analysis
of proposed treatment systems. Resources also support in-house and extramural
evaluation of disinfectants and their by-products and factors contributing to
microbial deterioration of water quality in distribution systems. Research
emphasizing technologies especially adaptable to small systems remains a
priority, as do controls for corrosion by-products (i.e., lead and copper) and
residual management.
ORD will evaluate processes for removing organic and inorganic contaminants
and viruses from drinking water sources. Pilot-plant and field evaluations of
promising technologies for removing pesticides, preventing disinfectant by-
products and inorganic contaminants/radionuclides and Hepatitis A virus from
groundwaters remain a priority.
Reports and data on new or improved technology for treating groundwater will
be provided to states, regulatory agencies and water utilities to assist in
compliance and oversight of ground-water regulations.
1991 Program
In 1991. the Agency is allocating a total of $5,593,800 supported by 53.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,989,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,604,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD is evaluating existing and proposed drinking water treatment systems in
support of Agency regulatory decision-making. Deterioration of water quality in
drinking-water distribution systems and the need to understand those factors
which contribute to deterioration are focusing research on methods of control.
Research on technology particularly adaptable to small systems is being
emphasized.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,819,000 supported by 52.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,002,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,816,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the completion of reports on, carbon-usage
rates for synthetic organic compounds, point-of-entry systems for radon removal,
inactivation of cryptosporidium oocysts; mobile pilot-plant studies in small
communities; studies of water-cooler liner-material for the Consumer Product
Safety Commission, and studies on technology performance and cost data to support
4-16
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MCL standards.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSESAND EFFECTS
1992 .ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $7,024,100 supported by 28.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,834,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,190,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $105,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. This increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. This represents an increase
of $1,995,000 in the Research and Development appropriation. The total workyears
are increased by 1.0 workyear. These increases are for an enhanced wellhead
protection program and for research on how food production/agricultural
management systems affect ground-water quality.
QRD will develop methods for wellhead protection and study subsurface
transport and fate. We will increase research on the impact of agricultural
management practices on water quality and ecology. This new focus is being
closely coordinated with the Department of Agriculture and the Geological Survey
and is of heightened interest because of the potential for ground-water
contamination in food/agricultural production process. We will increase the
research in wellhead protection primarily for assessing the impact of multiple
sources of contamination to underground water supplies, and provide increased
technical assistance to the states. Support to the Underground Injection Control
(UIC) Program will continue.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,923,900 supported by 27.2
total workyears for this program, of which $1,728,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,195,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD is focusing on developing and improving methods to measure key
subsurface parameters that influence contaminant behavior as well as methods that
predict concentrations of contaminants. Underground Injection Control (UIC)
program research is studying the fate and transport of wastes and mechanical
integrity of well casings. Research supporting wellhead protection is providing
data on
assimilative capacity of soils around wells and data necessary to define the
•area needing protection around the wellhead, as well as compiling the hydrologic
data bases for the wellhead protection models.
19 90 Ac comp1i shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,491,900 supported by 29.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,863,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,628,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
U-17
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Among the accomplishments were: a research report on fixed film bioreactors
for treatment of contaminated groundwaters, a report on effectiveness of use of
drilling mud as a plug for injection wells, a repprt on field tested methods for
determining the mechanical integrity of injection wells, and a report on
assessing the impact of land use on ground-water quality.
4-18
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Abatement and
Control
SECTSOM TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines ... 4-19
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines .... 4-20
Drinking Hater Implementation . 4-22
Drinking Hater State Program Resource Assistance , 4-26
Public Hater Systems Supervision Program Grants . . 4-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants ... 4-29
Special Studies and Demonstrations .... 4-32
Drinking Hater Management ...... 4-34
Public Hater Systems Supervision Program Assistance ...... 4-35
Underground Injection Control Program 4-37
Ground-Hater Protection . . 4-41
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ORINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Drinking Uater
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $2,902.4 S3,076.9 $3,076.9 S3,659.1 $582.2
Abatement Control and $4,677.9 $5,639.3 SS,639.3 $6,339.3 $700,0
Compliance
TOTAL $7,580.3 $8,716.2 $8,716.2 $9,998.4 $1,282.2
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $4,504.3 $4,683.2 $4,683.2 $4,716.2 $33.0
Abatement Control and $6,900.2 $6,578.0 $6,578.0 $5,878.0 -$700.0
Compli ance
Reresistrati on and $534.8 $326.4 $326.4 -$326.4
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $11,939.3 $11,587.6 $11,587.6 $10,594.2 -$993.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $7,406.7 $7,760.1 $7,760.1 $8,375.3 $615.2
Abatement Control and $11,578.1 $12,217.3 $12,217.3 $12,217.3 0.0
Compliance
Registration and $534.8 $326.4 $326.4 -$326.4
Expedited Processing
Drinking Uater TOTAL $19,519.6 $20,303.8 $20,303.8 ' $20,592.6 $286.8
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
PERMANENT UOfiCYEARS
Drinking Water 45.9 45.9 45.9 50.9 5.0
Implementation
Criteria, Standards & 68.3 70.8 70.8 66.8 -4.0
Guidelines -
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 114.2 116.7 116.7 117.7 1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water 46.3 45.9 45.9 50.9 5.0
Implementation
Criteria, Standards & 75.3 70.8 70.8 66.8 -4.0
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 121.6 116.7 116.7 117.7 1.0
4-19
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budge t__Rfeq.ue_st
The Agency requests a total of $20,592,600 supported by 117.7 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $615,200 and 1.0 workyear from 1991. Of the
request, $8,375,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$12,217,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $615,200 for Salaries and Expenses, and an
increase of 1.0 total workyear from 1991.
CRITERIA.STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1992 ProEramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $10,594,200 and 66.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,716,200 will be from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,878,000 will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Of the total workyears, 65.8 will be supported by the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 1.0 will be supported by the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, This represents an increase of $33,000 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $700,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 4.0 total workyears. The
decreases reflect reduced needs in regulatory development and the completion of
the National Pesticides Survey.
In 1992, the program will continue to emphasize regulatory development for
toxic-chemical contaminants as mandated in the 1986 SDWA Amendments. EPA will
publish the final regulation establishing Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs)
and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for 24 inorganic and
synthetic organic chemicals (Phase V Rule). The review process for the proposed
Radionuclides Rule will be ongoing with promulgation scheduled for early FY 1993.
Work will continue 'on final development of Disinfectants/Disinfection By-
products Rule. The Phase VIB Rule, which sets standards for contaminants from
the First Drinking Water Priority List, will be under proposal. Standard setting
for arsenic will proceed based on the outcome of technical assessment of
available data.
The program will continue to provide guidance and technical assistance to
Regions, state and local officials, and public-water systems. In 1992, EPA will
provide rule interpretation and technical advice on the Surface Water Treatment
Rule, Total Coliform Rule, and the Lead and Copper Rule. The university based
pollution prevention program will provide training on implementation of
Lead/Copper Corrosion Control requirements. The program will also distribute
public education materials designed to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water.
The program will continue to develop and update Health Advisory Guidance
Documents which disseminate current information On short-term as well as long-
4-20
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term effects of drinking water contaminants. The Advisories are used by Federal,
state, and local officials in responding to drinking water contamination.
In 1992, EPA will continue to participate in conferences and workshops on
drinking water issues. The Agency will have a major role in the World Health
Organization (WHO) revision of international drinking water guidelines, and will
participate in WHO and other international conferences. At these meetings, EPA
shares technical expertise with less developed countries and assists in the
worldwide improvement of drinking water. In turn, the Agency gains valuable
information on international research findings.
Resources from the Reregistratiott and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund
will support Agency implementation of the 1988 Amendments to the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA '88). The Amendments prescribe
a detailed reregistration process designed to review older registered pesticide
chemicals. The program will analyze reregistration data for those chemicals
found to pose a threat of drinking water contamination and will integrate the
data into comprehensive documents that provide an independent evaluation of the
health risks posed by each pesticide.
1.9.91 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $11,587,600 supported by 70.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,683,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $6,578,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $326,400 is from the FIFRA Revolving Fund. Total workyears
include 69.8 supported by the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 1.0
supported by the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
The Agency continues to make progress with regard to regulatory
development. Standards for inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals are being
promulgated. The program is preparing for the proposal of the Radionuclides
Rule. A standardized monitoring framework, which simplifies and synchronizes the
monitoring that systems are required to perform, is also being published. Also
under preparation in 1991 is the Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products Rule.
Revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule are being promulgated, and the Second
Drinking Water Priority List was published. The Agency is publishing the results
of studies on revising the standards for fluoride. Also underway is the
technical assessment of available data on arsenic.
EPA is also assisting Regions and states with implementation of the Lead
Contamination Control Act. A new initiative is the university-based pollution
prevention program which will provide training on implementation of the
Lead/Copper Corrosion Control Rule. Public education material is being developed
and distributed with the aim of reducing the public's exposure to lead.
Information on the health risks associated with indoor radon is being produced.
A number of Health Advisories are being produced this year. The National
Pesticide Survey, completed in 1990, provides a comprehensive picture of the
prevalence and extent of a wide range of pesticides and nitrates in drinking
water wells. In 1991, the program is publishing the survey findings.
The FIFRA-mandated pesticide reregistration process requires analysis of
4-21
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pesticide chemicals. Other ongoing activities include assisting the WHO In
revising drinking water guidelines, representing the U.S. in the International
Agency for Research on Cancer, and providing support and participating in
bilateral meeting with the Budapest Environmental Center.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $11,939,300 and 75.3 total workyears for this
program, of which $4,504,300 and 74.7 total workyears were from Salaries and
Expenses and $6,900,200 was from Abatement, Control and Compliance. In addition,
0.6 total workyear and $534,800 were funded from the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
The Agency proposed the regulation establishing MCLGs and NPDWRs for 24
inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals (Phase V Rule). EPA also completed
field work for the National Pesticide Survey. The FIFRA Revolving Fund supported
work on review of pesticide data from the FIFRA reregistration process. EPA had
a major role In various conferences and workshops on drinking water issues. The
program produced several Health Advisories. EPA continued its program to reduce
public exposure to lead in drinking water. Outreach efforts included assistance
to schools throughout the nation to aid in the detection and remedy of lead
contamination. The program published a list of watef coolers failing to meet EPA
lead criteria. The program provided technical support to the Consumer Product
Safety Commission in developing an agreement with a major water cooler
manufacturer to recall water coolers that fail to meet the lead criteria.
DRINKING WATER IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,998,400 supported by 50.9 total workyears
in 1992. Of the total request, $3,659,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,339,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 5.0 total workyears, an increase
of $582,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and an increase of
$700,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
majority of the increase in workyears and all of the increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance funds will support increased mobilization activities,
particularly to expand local involvement in drinking water issues. An aggressive
mobilization effort is critical to ensure that the States retain primacy and the
SDtfA requirements are carried out.
Extramural resources will be used to improve and modernize Public Water
System (PWS) information systems. Headquarters will enhance accessibility by a
wider range of users, take advantage of the expanded electronic data transfer
capabilities, and include data collected under new regulations or requirements.
Geographic Information System data will be improved with emphasis on targeting
latitudinal/longitudinal data for wells and intake points in the current system.
In addition, EPA will develop a new data verification protocol and will oversee
Regional testing of the protocol.
The budget request also includes a transfer of one total workyear from the
4-22
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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulatory program to help support the
hazardous waste injection well program. This shift of resources will allow for
better integrated management of the disposal of hazardous waste into injection
wells.
In 1992, Headquarters will continue to focus on improving the nationwide
implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. In the coming decade,
State and local governments will face greater implementation responsibilities as
the increasing number of regulated contaminants will be accompanied by broader,
more complex, and more costly implementation challenges. EPA will continue
mobilization strategies and technology transfer activities with the specific aim
of assisting the State and local governments in meeting these challenges. In
particular, mobilization efforts will focus on the local level, where support is
critically needed to ensure the compliance of small systems.
Of special concern are small public water systems which have chronic
compliance problems because they typically face low revenues, poor financial and
managerial capabilities, insufficient technical knowledge and unfavorable
economies of scale in treatment processes. Over 90% of violations occur within
small systems. An important focus in 1992 will be the strengthening of local
involvement to protect public water systems and improve underground injection
control. Training and on-site technical assistance will be provided. The
program will promote the use and acceptance of lower cost technologies among
small drinking water systems. As part of the effort to enhance local
involvement, EPA will develop informational materials for use by local entities
in dealing with problems unique to small systems, private wells and high priority
shallow injection wells.
Headquarters will continue engaging all parties with a stake in safe
drinking water in increasing the capability of all systems. EPA will continue
its partnerships with the numerous national organizations who recognize the
importance of full implementation. Strategies include public outreach, public-
private partnerships in demonstrating new low-cost technologies, improving State
funding and program capabilities, and promoting institutional change to ensure
the viability of new small systems and the restructuring of existing small
systems.
One aspect of mobilization is to help the public understand the health
benefits of full implementation of the drinking water regulations. Based on
extensive analysis, EPA estimates that full implementation of the drinking water
regulations will result in an annual avoidance of 400,000 cases of
gastrointestinal illness, 400 deaths due to gastrointestinal illness, and 180
cases of cancer. In addition, full implementation will bring blood lead levels
of over 500,000 children per year below the level associated with neurological
development problems.
State and local governments currently lack the capability to carry out the
expanding SDWA requirements. EPA will continue with mobilization activities
designed to strengthen State primacy, encourage local involvement, and heighten
public awareness and involvement.
EPA will continue to provide program oversight to the primacy States.
4-23
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Headquarters will issue guidance to the, States and will review subsequent State
regulations as they adopt the 38 Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Chemical rule
and the Lead and Copper rule . Thorough and expedited review will ensure
continuation of State primacy. EPA will also continue outreach and assistance
efforts to assist Indian tribes in qualifying for primacy for the PWS and
Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs.
Revisions to Class II regulations will he under proposal. EPA will also
work with the States and industry to develop solutions, including demonstration
projects, to prevent contamination of ground water, particularly in sensitive
watershed areas, from shallow injection practices.
EPA will initiate an integrated approach to source assessment and control
for ground water source PWS systems using expanded comprehensive program
evaluations, EPA will assist States in conducting vulnerability assessments
whereby determinations are made regarding whether systems' water sources are
vulnerable to certain contaminants , Source protection strategies will encompass
watershed and wellhead protection techniques,
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,716,200 supported by 45.9
total workyears for this program. Of the total, $3,076,900 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $5,639,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the program continues to work toward national implementation of
SDWA standards. Headquarters is issuing draft guidance on regulatory variances
and exemptions and is reviewing state regulations for the eight VOCs and the
public notification requirements. The program is also reviewing state adoptions
of the Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Total Coliform Rule. The program is
working with the states to assist them in maintaining primacy, as many states are
asking for extensions in rule adoption.
Implementation documents for Regions, state and local officials, and public
water systems are being developed. The program is preparing new procedures for
states to use in determining and facilitating compliance of water systems. The
program is also studying the feasibility of using test kits for simplified
monitoring.
The UIC Headquarters program is currently refining regulations for oil and
gas production (Class II) wells through regulatory negotiation. In addition, a
regulation addressing shallow (Class V) wells is under development, and the
program is producing information brochures and a training handbook to assist
Indian tribes seeking primacy for the PWS and UIC programs .
Headquarters continues to assist states in building state capacity by
working with national and private organizations to provide technical and
managerial assistance and training to system owners and operators. The Agency
also works with states in developing funding options to support their programs.
1990 Accomplishments
4-24
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In 1990, EPA obligated-$7,580,300 supported by 46,3 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,902,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,677,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1990, the program continued to facilitate implementation of drinking
water regulations. The program developed guidance and assistance documents for
the Regions, states, and public water suppliers. In particular, the program
developed a primacy guidance manual to assist the states in overall adoption of
new requirements. The program developed a strategy to facilitate Indian primacy,
A guidance manual on the Surface Water Treatment Rule was issued. Other
publications developed in 1990 include a revised laboratory certification manual,
a document on available technology for meeting drinking water standards, and
guidance on determining exemption and variance eligibility. EPA issued a water
supply guidance manual which presented a compilation of EPA water supply policy.
The Drinking Water Hotline responded to over 30,000 calls. The program managed
thirteen demonstration projects for solving Class V well problems through local
involvement. The program provided outreach and technical interpretation and
assistance on various regulatory issues throughout the year.
Mobilization proved to be an effective tool in strengthening state
capacity, fostering drinking water expertise at the local level, and promoting
state and local program coordination. In 1990, eight states increased their
drinking water resources, while several states worked toward building specific
state capacity functions. EPA conducted several demonstration projects in
cooperation with both traditional and nontraditional groups and associations.
The program prepared reports to assist small systems with institutional problems
and developed long term training strategies for the PWS program. The program
engaged two health associations in an information transfer and training program
for local health officials.
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DRINKING HATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $38,521.7 £47,450.0 $47,450.0 $49,950.0 $2,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $38,521.7 $47,450.0 $47,450.0 $49,950.0 $2,500.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $9,913.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,913.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 $10,500.0 0.0
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $4,373.6 $4,650.0 $4,650.0 $500.0 -$4,150.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,373.6 $4,650.0 $4,650.0 $500.0 -$4,150.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $52,808.3 $62,600.0 $62,600.0 $60,950.0 -$1,650.0
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $52,808.3 $62,600.0 $62,600.0. $60,950.0 -$1,650.0
Program Resource
Assistance
4-26
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total o£ $60,950,000 for 1992, a decrease of $1,650,000
from 1991. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,950,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $2,500,000 from 1991. The increase will provide States with
increased capacity to address compliance with new and,existing regulations and
effective implementation of an expanded drinking water regulatory program.
Drinking water programs are implemented and enforced with the objective of
protecting human health. Federal and state responsibilities have been revamped
through the Federal/state alliance and greatly expanded in both the traditional
drinking water program and newly mandated requirements. As a result, states need
increased funding not only to carry out the new requirements, but also to
maintain their current programs and achievements.
States are facing serious funding and capacity shortfalls as indicated by
a recent report conducted to determine current and future resource needs to
implement the SDWA requirements. Since the study was completed, changes in
regulation development may have slightly reduced estimated implementation costs
in 1992. The report concluded that approximately $129 million per year is needed
to meet current program requirements of which only an estimated $95 million per
year (including Federal resources) is currently being funded. Implementation of
the new requirements will cost states an additional $180 million in initial one-
time start up costs expended between 1987 and 1992. It is estimated that an
additional $150 million (beyond the current need of $12-9 million) will be needed
in 1992, bringing the total estimated need to $279 million. At the requested
level of funding, Federal support will increase to 18 percent of program need,
based on these estimates. 4
States are actively seeking additional resources and the necessary
statutory/regulatory authorities to meet the new SDWA requirements. The Agency
may use a portion of the funds allocated to primacy states that have requested
an extension or adopted the necessary statutory/regulatory authorities to
implement new requirements in order to assure at least minimal compliance with
new requirements in these states.
Additional support to state programs is intended to help the states defray
the costs of the new duties entailed by these regulatory changes and work towards
successfully implementing the new program requirements. The agency intends to
accomplish three other objectives: (1) leverage an even greater commitment from
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state authorities, in the form of higher state program budgets, innovative
program funding and/or greater regulatory program productivity; (2) facilitate
mobilization and technology-transfer activities at the state level; and (3)
maintain compliance with existing program requirements and enforce the new
requirements as they become effective. These efforts seek to prevent loss of
current program achievements in compliance and, at the same time, reach new goals
through rigorous enforcement of the new requirements.
Pursuant to the surface water treatment rule (SWTR), states will continue
detailed evaluation of each of the 9,200 surface-source community and non-
transient non-community public water systems (PWSs) in order to determine
specific treatment and performance requirements. These evaluations entail
consultation with each system and public hearing opportunities as well as
extensive technical evaluation. Priority will be on evaluating the 4,000 systems
with no filtration facilities in place now. All 200,000 PWSs will be operating
under a revised microbiological monitoring regimen under the microbiological
National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR). This monitoring regimen will
emphasize increased monitoring where contamination is detected, focusing on
systems with actual contamination problems as they occur.
This request includes $625,000 for travel to support EPA's direct
implementation activities or enforcement actions in non-primacy states and in
states that have not acquired the necessary statutory/regulatory authorities to
implement the new drinking water requirements.
1991 Program
In 1.991, the agency is allocating a total of §47,450,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
PWS grants support 55 state primacy programs, two EPA direct implementation
programs and programs on Indian lands that together comprise the nationwide
protection program. Grant funds provide for laboratory certification, on-site
evaluations and technical assistance, sanitary surveys, and compliance and
enforcement actions. States and EPA assist communities and systems affected by
continuing incidences of contamination by toxic chemicals and outbreaks of
giardiasis, cholera, and hepatitis. Systems in violation of National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) either receive technical assistance to bring
them into compliance or are placed on formal compliance schedules,
Compliance/enforcement priorities are.structured to eliminate all significant
noncompliers (SNC) and target exception systems for formal enforcement action.
The states and EPA have begun implementation of microbiological, surface water
treatment and volatile organic contaminant (VOC) requirements. Also, states are
implementing a lead NPDWR and the lead ban requirements. Indian tribes are being
assisted in qualifying for treatment as states and applying for development
grants. Grant funds are used to support EPA direct implementation activities,
including travel.
States are actively seeking additional resources and the necessary
statutory/regulatory authorities to meet the new SDWA requirements. The Agency
may use a portion of the funds allocated to primacy states that have not yet
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acquired the necessary statutory/regulatory authorities to implement new
requirements in order to assure at least minimal compliance with new requirements
in these states.
States are aggressively pursuing institutional changes that will enable
them to address their small systems problems. They are beginning to seek the
legal authority and state regulations required to ensure that new small systems
are able to meet the technical, financial and managerial requirements of future
regulations.
19 90 Ac c omp1i shment s
In 1990, the Agency obligated a'total of $38,521,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The PWS grant program continued to support the primacy programs of 54 states
and territories and EPA direct implementation program activities including
analytical services, sanitary surveys, training, disease surveillance, on-site
technical activities, and data management. Funds were also used to support EPA
direct implementation activities for the drinking water program, including travel
associated with these activities.
States supervised compliance with drinking water regulations, revised their
legal authorities to accommodate new Maximum Contaminant Levels, expanded state
laboratory certification capability, and provided assistance in monitoring for
regulated and unregulated contaminants. States continued the emphasis on system
compliance and took action against violations of drinking water standards, EPA
assisted approximately 40 states to adopt new requirements for microbiological
contaminants standards and the surface water treatment rule. Enforcement
continued to ensure implementation of the ban on lead-content plumbing materials,
In addition, states continued to enforce the public notification requirements and
maximum contaminant levels for VOCs. Indiana was provided grant support to
continue development of its PWS program to qualify for primacy. The second year
of a PWS program development grant was awarded to an Indian tribe to develop a
suitable PWS program to qualify for primacy designation.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents no change from 1991.
UIC grants will continue to support programs to protect underground sources
of drinking water (USDW) from contamination through underground injection in all
57 states and territories, as well as on Indian lands. Where states and Indian
tribal authorities have failed to assume UIC primacy, EPA will use grant
allotments to support direct implementation of Federal UIC requirements,
including a total of $375,000 in travel to support EPA's direct implementation
activities.
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Forty states will have primacy for 36 full and four partial programs. EPA
will implement the remaining state programs (17 full and four partial) and
programs on most Indian lands. Indian tribes approved as eligible to assume
primacy may apply for grants to establish a UIC program.
States/Regions will issue or deny new permits, evaluate appeals on previous
denials, and review applications to modify existing permits, including hazardous
waste Class I well petitions. In assuring that permit conditions are being met,
the states/Regions will review monthly, quarterly, and annual reports from
operators and conduct inspections. The states/Regions will supervise injection
practices in the field by witnessing mechanical integrity tests, inspecting and
reviewing plugged and abandoned injection wells, reviewing well .records, and
tracking compliance with regulatory requirements and permit conditions. The
states will implement the enforcement role through field presence and by
initiating appropriate enforcement actions.
States/Regions will initiate programs to address contamination problems
from shallow injection wells. Since 1987, 63 confirmed cases of contamination
posing human health threats or environmental threats have been identified.
Contaminants such as benzene, organic solvents, and other toxic chemicals are
found in fluids injected in these wells.
States/Regions, working with local jurisdictions, will initiate an active
program to locate and assess priority shallow wells, such as some industrial
drainage wells and automobile service station wells that are located in
vulnerable watershed areas, unsewered locations, and those in proximity to
drinking water wells to determine whether they should be reclassified as Class
IV wells and closed. Where the risk of endangerment to USDWs is lower, as in
Class V wells, they will utilize a multifaceted protection approach. In addition
to the traditional regulatory efforts, such as requiring facilities to be
permitted and initiating enforcement actions, they will also use innovative non-
regulatory approaches involving public-private partnerships, outreach and
education, and community action. States/Regions will adopt the approaches that
proved successful in demonstration projects previously funded and best management
practices already available at the state and local levels to promote voluntary
protection efforts. When Class IV wells are identified, states and Regions will
require immediate closure, through an enforcement action, should the facility
owners fail to comply.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating'a total of $10,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UIC grants support 40 states, 36 full and four partial, with primacy. EPA
is responsible for implementing programs in the remaining states. Grant funds
support basic program operations such as compliance evaluations of existing wells
to ensure mechanical integrity, conducting field inspections, data management and
enforcement. The grant funds also support technical assistance to operators,
maintain well inventory data, and support regulatory changes to accommodate new
EPA requirements and guidelines. The Agency provides grants to Indian tribes
working toward primacy, and continues to implement the program on Indian lands
and in non-priraacy states. During 1991, Indian tribes that are eligible to
assume primacy may apply for grants to establish a UIC program. Activities
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include conducting an inventory to determine the number and types of wells to be
regulated and establishing the framework for the permitting and enforcement
programs. The Agency uses a portion of the grant funds for travel related to
direct implementation activities.
States and Regions are enhancing their Class IV and V well efforts by
following the Agency's Shallow Injection Well Strategy. This strategy, combining
traditional regulatory efforts and innovative non-regulatory approaches to
protect drinking water sources and other critical ground waters, complements the
Agency's Wellhead Protection efforts. EPA's Toxic Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) rule has a major impact. To address "high risk" shallow
injection wells, the states and EPA are contacting owners/operators to solicit
information to determine whether they are subject to closure. Many wells that
inject service station, industrial process and radioactive disposal wastes are
being re-classified into the banned Class IV category. States are initiating
closure, remediation and enforcement actions against these wells. The results
of EPA funded projects to demonstrate effective state approaches in addressing
specific categories of Class V wells are being provided to all states for
inclusion in their individual comprehensive ground water protection programs and
will be used in support of regulatory development covering these wells.
States and Regions continue to permit new Class I and Class II wells and
repermit Class I wells. States and Regions continue compliance reviews to ensure
that safeguards on all permitted or rule-authorized Class I, II, III, and
permitted Class V wells are comprehensively evaluated on a regular basis. EPA
and state programs are implementing revisions to existing UIC regulations and
programs for Class II wells based on the 1989-1990 mid-course evaluations. In
addition, EPA and the states continue to observe on-site mechanical integrity
tests, inspect and review plugged and abandoned wells, review well records, and
track compliance with regulatory requirements and permit conditions.
Administrative Orders (AOs) and/or legal actions are being initiated by
state programs against owners and operators in violation of UIC regulatory
requirements. This includes preparing public notification of violation and
intent to issue Aos, and conducting public hearings.
1990 Accomp1i shments
In 1990, The Agency obligated a total of $9,913,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds supported 36 full and four partial primacy programs to protect
USDWs from contamination through underground injection. EPA used grants to
support direct implementation activities for 17 full non-primacy and four partial
non-primacy states and Indian lands. A top priority for EPA and the states was
the permitting of new Class II wells in order to expedite oil and gas production
and repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells. Under existing regulations;
such as the Agency's TCLP rule, EPA increased'efforts to bring enforcement and/or
regulatory action against Class IV and V wells which endangered USDWs serving
public water supplies. A $1,000,000 set-aside funded demonstration projects
selected to provide information to support Class V regulatory and guidance
development.
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Grants also supported surveillance and compliance activities. The
program's primary means of surveillance was through field inspections and the
review of reports submitted by operators. One important component was periodic
testing of the mechanical integrity of injection wells to demonstrate the absence
of contamination sources. Where violations were evident, appropriate
enforcement actions were initiated.
The states and EPA completed 9,153 permit determinations for new and
existing wells and conducted evaluations to determine if permit requirements were
being met. In addition, 35,741 mechanical integrity tests were conducted to
ensure the integrity of wells. The states and EPA also focused on compliance
activities through increased field inspections and enforcement actions. Other
activities included the review of monitoring reports and maintenance of inventory
data.
SPECIAL STUDIES ANDDEMONSTRATIONS
19 92 P rogram Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will
be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $4,150,000 from 1991. This decrease reflects the Agency's effort to
achieve maximum leverage with limited resources. It is the Agency's position
that the recipient organizations should secure additional funding through
organizational dues, training fees and other mechanisms, and is not a Federal
responsibility.
In 1992, the Special Studies and Demonstration program will continue to
provide support for training and technical assistance to small rural systems
through the National Rural Water Association (NRWA) and the National Rural
Community Assistance Program (NRCAP) affiliates. These activities include one-
on-one technical assistance in the areas of preventative maintenance, facility
operations, management and finance. NRCAP programs will provide public water
systems with up-front management assistance in the areas of locating financial
assistance and day-to-day accounting operation. Training and technical
assistance will help owners and operators of rural water systems achieve and
maintain compliance with the NPDWRs as mandated by the Safe Prinking Water Act
Amendments, The goal is to promote system compliance with the NPDWRs by
enhancing the system's physical infrastructure and ability to generate new
revenue sources. j
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,650,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds provide $3,700,000 to the NRWA, $700,000 to the NRCAP, and $250,000 to the
National Environmental Training Centers.
Through the NRWA and the NRCAP, EPA provides training and technical
assistance to small water suppliers. EPA funds 45 independent, non-profit state
associations covering 47 states through agreements with the NRWA. EPA funds six
regional non-profit rural water community organizations through agreements with
the NRCAPs.
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EPA provides funding to state 109(B) Environmental Training Centers and to
the National Environmental Training Association (NSTA). State 109(B)
Environmental Training Centers provide drinking water technical assistance^
training and information directly to state personnel,
Congressional Directives. A total of $3,650,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects with the National Rural Water Association, the National Rural
Community Assistance Program, and the National Environmental Training
Association.
199 0. Ac c onrp 11 shmen t s
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,373,600 for these programs, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds included $391,000 for the NRCAP to foster small system compliance; $278,000
to support state 109(b) environmental training centers; $92,600 to NETA;
$3,212,500 to the NRWA to provide training and technical assistance to support
small system compliance; and $399,500 to six states to develop Pilot State
Compliance Assurance Plans,
EPA provided funding to six states to develop Pilot State Compliance
Assurance Plans. These comprehensive plans will establish a framework in these
states to maximize the effectiveness of all parties involved with public water
supply by developing action-oriented partnerships, coordinating activities, and
leveraging resources to promote public water systera compliance,
The NRWA and its 45 state affiliates conducted a total of 641 technical
assistance and training programs including: 221 technical seminars; 364 technical
training sessions; 22 jointly sponsored specialized training sessions with other
state and Federal Agencies; and 34 problem solving sessions. In addition, NRWA
affiliates provided a total of 14,692 hours of on-site technical assistance to
address individual rural water system problems related to compliance, operations
and maintenance, finance and management.
In 1990, EPA supported six RCAP organizations through a grant to the NRCAP.
These organizations helped to improve the management capabilities and financial
management through technical assistance to 52 small community drinking water
systems in 12 states. RCAP projects included an assistance program to help snail
systems apply for loans and grants, a resources clearinghouse project to compile
a manual of all available funds within a state and the development of training
information for small water systems, ,
4-33 '. F
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
• Salaries & Expenses $5,759.5 $7.271.2 $7,270.8 $8,952.3 $1,681.5
Abatement Control and $661.5 S1Q.O (10.0 $10.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,421.0 17,281.2 $7,280.8 $8,962.3 $1,681.5
Underground Injection
Control Program
Salaries & Expenses $5,695.0 $6,476.0 $6,476.0 $7,173.4 $697.4
Abatement Control and $972.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6.667.0 $6,476.0 $6,476.0 $7,173.4 $697.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,454.5 $13,747.2 $13,746.8 $16,125.7 $2,378.9
Abatement Control and $1,633.5 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0 0.0
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $13,088.0 $13,757.2 $13.756.8 $16,135.7 $2,378.9
Management
PERHANEMT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 114.7 152.0 152.0 170.6 18.6
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 124.8 133.1 133.1 136.7 3.6
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT UORIfYEARS 239.5 285.1 785.1 307.3 22.2
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 121.2 157.6 157.6 170.6 13.0
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 131.8 141.7 141.7 136.7 -5.0
Control Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 253.0 299.3 299.3 307.3 8.0
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,135,700 supported by 307.3 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $2,378,900 and 8.0 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $16,125,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses and $10,000
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
increases of $2,378,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 8.0 total
workyears. There is no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation from 1991.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,962,300 supported by 170.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,952,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,681,500 for Salaries and
Expenses and 13.0 total workyears, and no change in Abatement, Control and
Compliance. The increase in Salaries and Expenses and total workyears will
enhance state program implementation efforts.
Regional resources will be used to further establish the essential link
between all parties involved in drinking water by actively encouraging states to
take on the role of "marketing" the new requirements across the entire regulated
community. In addition, Regions will assist states in expanding the capability
of their programs, through (1) strategy development to address state resource
needs as well as institutional barriers to successful program implementation; and
(2) consultations on state initiated legislation to facilitate improved support
for state programs and water supplies. The Regions will maximize voluntary
compliance by working with third parties through public education, public/private
partnerships and information transfer on treatment technologies.
Regions will work with states on the adoption of lead/copper corrosion
control and inorganic and synthetic organic contaminants standards. Regions will
focus on state implementation of the filtration and disinfection requirements for
surface water systems and revised microbiological contaminant standards. Some
states will experience difficulty in adopting the new provisions and in
maintaining primacy of their drinking water programs. In these situations,
through Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with the states, EPA will undertake
essential activities in order to assure at least minimal compliance with the new
requirements in these states. Where Regions have direct implementation
responsibility, including most Indian lands, the Regions will implement new
requirements and work with Indian tribal authorities to develop supervision
programs. Regional data management responsibilities will escalate as a result
of increased reporting on system compliance requirements. The Regions will
provide technical assistance on the lead testing protocol and remedial action
guidance for lead contaminated drinking water.
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In 1992, the Regions will seek to expand the Federal/state alliance where
appropriate to include local governments to further assist drinking water program
implementation. The Regions will work with states and national organizations of
local governments to gain support and encourage an evolution of a recognized and
accepted role of local governments to support implementation of drinking water
requirements.
Most often, local governments are willing to take on a recognized role but
are hindered by a lack of technical information and limited resources.
Demonstration and pilot projects will be supported with interested states and
local governments willing to share implementation activities, formal delegation
of enforcement, technical assistance, system inspections, information
dissemination and other activities. These projects are expected to demonstrate
that local government officials along with states can play a major role in
improving-compliance by motivating and educating small drinking water systems.
National and regional organizations of local governments will receive support for
demonstration projects to build state and local partnerships, technical
information transfer and outreach activities.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §7,280,800 supported by 157.6
total workyears for this program, of which $7,270,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions oversee states' efforts in adopting requirements for lead/copper
and inorganic and synthetic organic contaminant standards. Regional oversight
also focuses on state activities to implement filtration/disinfection
requirements for surface water systems and revised microbiological contaminant
standards. The Regions continue to encourage states to improve compliance by
eliminating violations of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWRs) through use of available tools and escalating actions as needed. For
those states experiencing difficulty in adopting the new provisions and in
maintaining primacy of their drinking water programs, the Regions directly
implement the new program requirements after negotiating workload requirements
with the states. Where Regions have direct implementation responsibility,
including most Indian lands, they also assume the expanded duties.
Regional mobilization and technology transfer efforts help reach the vast
number of small water systems which are the prevailing noncompliance problem.
The Regions assist states in establishing fee systems and bond programs to build
their state program capacity and address prospective high risks posed by private
wells through outreach and information transfer programs. To address small
system problems, the Regions are actively encouraging states to adopt program
requirements to ensure system viability and removing small system technology and
institutional barriers. Technical assistance is provided to identify and remedy
lead contaminated drinking water in schools, to ban lead content-plumbing
supplies, and to implement corrosion control.
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|.990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,421,000 supported by 121.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,759,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $661,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, the Regions worked with states in adopting the surface water
treatment rule and revised standards for microbiological contaminants. Regions
worked with primacy states to incorporate regulatory and monitoring requirements
needed to enforce the revised standards for volatile organic contaminants and
public notification requirements. Efforts continued in overseeing the
prohibition of lead-content plumbing materials and enforcing the other existing
rules.
The program continued to track state compliance monitoring to locate and
assist with problem systems and respond to contamination of supplies and
waterborne disease outbreaks. The Regions assisted states in adopting new
analytical techniques to meet additional laboratory certification requirements.
The program continued to provide oversight of basic state program operations and
conducted evaluations of state drinking water programs.
The Regions reviewed and approved 40 state primacy revision applications.
Seminars were conducted for the states on implementing the surface water
treatment and coliform requirements, with eight states formally adopting these
requirements. Regions continued to provide states with assistance in increasing
their program capacity to meet future drinking water requirements.
The Regions conducted workshops to train Indian tribes on qualifications
for treatment as a state, the grant application process and primacy
responsibilities. Significant assistance was given to Indiana to build an
adequate Public Water System (PWS) program to quality for primacy by late 1991.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,173,400 supported by 136.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $697,400 and a decrease of 5.0
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The decrease in workyears represents a decrease in program
activities from Class I & III wells and from Class II wells in direct
implementation states.
In 1992, EPA will continue to implement 21 Federal Underground Injection
Control (UIC) programs (17 full and four partial) in states and on Indian lands
which do not have primacy. Direct implementation activities will focus on making
permit determinations as well as ensuring adherence to permit conditions and
other regulatory requirements by conducting field inspections, witnessing
mechanical integrity tests, and reviewing well record reports. Regions will
continue to review primacy applications, and provide guidance and grants as
appropriate.
4-37
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The Regions will oversee 40 primacy State programs (36 full and four
partial programs). EPA will provide technical assistance to primacy states and
ensure that the programs continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements.
The Agency will continue to review state-issued permits to ensure that Federal
and state requirements are met. Regions will conduct state oversight and will
continue to emphasize full inspections of Class II wells for adequate well
construction and to witness mechanical integrity tests to prevent contamination.
State UIC agencies will work closely with local jurisdictions to encourage
them to assist in implementing environmental regulations. Local officials will
be encouraged to actively participate in addressing diffuse types of
contamination associated with shallow injection wells through grassroots efforts
to identify and close unsafe shallow injection practices, consider the
environmental and health implications of approving these practices and best
management practices as part of their land use planning process, etc. Regions
will participate in the design and implementation of demonstration projects.
They will assist states in developing a cooperative arrangement at the local
level.
Urbanization and unprecedented growth are threatening our water resources
through runoff of nutrients and toxic chemicals. Shallow wells and septic
systems often occur in urbanized areas as an alternative to connections to sewage
treatment facilities. Contamination of watershed areas occurs from these sources
through interconnections with surface waters. Shallow injection wells will be
targeted using a wellhead protection approach and using the information obtained
from vulnerability assessments that are being mandated under the public water
system supervision program. Coordinated field investigations with the ground-
water, Superfund, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) programs will
be initiated to determine whether the facility is in violation of regulations and
the appropriate course of action taken. There are estimated to be over 200,000
shallow injection wells and approximately 10% of these may be Class IV wells
under the new Toxic Characteristic Leaching-Procedure (TCLP) which will therefore
require closure; others may require a permit as a Class V facility and still
others may be targets for enforcement actions. EPA will seek increased local
participation to achieve voluntary remedial/closure action. Activities will be
coordinated with other nonpoint source programs that impact the targeted area.
Regions will review applications from Indian tribes to determine their
qualifications for treatment as a state and their eligibility for primacy. For
those Indian, tribes applying for primacy, the Agency will provide guidance and
grant assistance. ;
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,476,000 supported by 141.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation,
The Agency continues to implement Federal programs in 21 non-primacy states
(17 full and four partial) and on Indian lands. This work includes making permit
determinations and ensuring that well owners and operators adhere to permit
conditions and other regulatory requirements. Regions are providing assistance
to Indian tribes working toward primacy.
4-38
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The Agency Is completing Its five-year schedule for permitting Class II
wells within non-primacy jurisdictions. Regions are implementing state-specific
revisions to compliance evaluation programs; these changes, derived from the mid-
course evaluation of Class II oil and gas wells, impact such areas as the use of
cement records as a valid mechanical integrity test, well construction practices,
and the proper closure of abandoned wells. Other direct implementation
activities include management of contracts and grants, data management, and
permit tracking.
The Agency oversees 36 full and four partial state primacy programs.
Regions are responsible for reviewing state annual plans and evaluating and
monitoring state programs to ensure consistent application and enforcement of
program regulations; this includes a review of state issued permits. Regions
continue to provide program-specific training to both new and experienced
inspectors. The Regions continue to supervise state Class V demonstration
projects and continue to work with states to identify and locate Class IV wells
which were reelassified as a result of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) and are subject to closure.
The Agency is implementing the "Shallow Injection Well Program Strategy"
that calls for integration with the Wellhead Protection and Public Water Systems
Supervision Programs. This comprehensive strategy provides a systematic approach
for screening the diverse Class V universe and prescribing different levels of
regulatory controls. Injection into certain high-risk wells is banned as a
result of revisions to the Hazardous Waste Toxic Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP). The remaining well groups are targeted for action based on the
contamination risk posed by the wells. Information gained from the Class V
demonstration projects aides in the choice of guidance or regulatory revisions
as the most effective method of control under different circumstances.
Integration with other programs, such as Wellhead Protection, and the use of
other authorities, such as RCRA, maximizes the total environmental benefit.
1990 Aceomp 1ls.hme.nts
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,667,000 supported by 131.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,695,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $972,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency implemented Federal programs in 21 states and on Indian lands.
Direct implementation activities focused on making permit determinations and
ensuring adherence to permit conditions and other regulatory requirements.
Regions implemented ambient monitoring requirements for Class I injection wells,
as required under the SDWA Amendments of 1986. Regions provided assistance to
Indian tribes working toward primacy.
EPA provided oversight and technical assistance to 36 full and four partial
primacy state programs. Regional activities'in primacy states included general
oversight and technical assistance through the issuance of guidance documents and
on-site assistance. Through quarterly reporting data, the Regions reviewed the
states' progress and took the necessary actions to ensure" proper enforcement,
EPA evaluated state efforts to implement their UIC programs and ensured that the
minimum regulatory requirements were met. Regions continued to review Class I,
II, III, and permitted Class V state-issued permits to ensure consistency with
4-39
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Federally-approved state programs. These reviews helped to ensure proper
enforcement of permit conditions. Regions also negotiated state grant workplans.
Class V activities such as inspections and permitting were continued in order to
reduce potential contamination of underground sources of drinking water.
During 1990, the Agency conducted its mid-course evaluation of the Class
II regulatory provisions for mechanical integrity testing procedures, monitoring,
reporting and permitting requirements. Regions oversaw and implemented
compliance review strategies to ensure that all permitted or rule-authorized
Class I, II, III, and permitted Class V wells receive comprehensive
technical/operational evaluations including field inspections on a regular basis.
These compliance reviews replaced the five-year cycle of file reviews. Regions
reviewed and revised Class V well inventories and assisted the states in
identifying and taking enforcement action against high risk Class V wells and
banning Class IV wells. Regions continued to give permit determinations high
priority. On-site inspections were conducted to ensure compliance with permit
conditions. Other activities included developing site-specific guidance,
maintaining inventory data, and preparing annual reports.
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ground-Water Protection
Salaries & Expenses $4,201.1 14,954.7 $4,954.5 $5,419.4 4464.9
Abatement Control and S3,713.7 17,511.5 S7,511.5 $5,286.5 -$2,225.0
Compliance
Registration and $22.3 $76.4 $76.4 -$76.4
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $7,937.1 $12,542.6 $12,542.4 $10,705.9 -$1,836.5
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses $4,201.1 14,954.7 $4,954.5 $5,419.4 $464.9
Abatement Control and $3,713.7 $7,511.5 $7,511.5 $5,286.5 -$2,225.0
Compliance
Registration and $22.3 $76.4 $76.4 -$76.4
Expedited Processing
Ground-Uater TOTAL $7,937.1 $12,542.6 $12,542.4 $10,705.9 -$1,836.5
Protection
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Uater Protection 77.6 96.3 96.3 99.3 3.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 77.6 96.3 96.3 - 99.3 3.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Uater Protection 82.5 99.3 99.3 99.3 0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 82.5 99.3 99.3 99.3 0.0
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DRINKING WATER
Ground Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a. total of $10,705,900 supported by 99.3 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,760,100 and no change-in total workyears
from 1991. Of the request, $5,419,400 will be from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,286,500 will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $464,900 in Salaries and Expenses
and a decrease of $2,225,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. Total
workyears will include 98.3 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 1.0
from the Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
GROUND WATER PROTECTION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,705,900 supported by 99.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,419,400 will be from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,286,500 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $464,900 in Salaries
and Expenses and a decrease of $2,225,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects the completion of projects that do not require a continuing Federal
role. Of the total workyears, 98.3 will be supported from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 1.0 will be supported by the Registration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
For 1992, EPA will enhance assistance to states in the development and
implementation of comprehensive ground-water protection programs. A guidance
document will be provided to the states describing recommended elements of a
comprehensive state ground-water protection program to protect the resource, and
EPA's approach to reviewing voluntarily submitted state programs and providing
grant support.
The description of a comprehensive program will be used to work with states
to help them achieve their groundwater protection efforts. EPA will provide both
financial and technical assistance to the states to help them develop
comprehensive programs that: 1) set goals and document progress; 2) characterize
the resource and set priorities for actions; 3) develop and implement prevention
and control programs; and 4) define roles within the state, and the relationship
to Federal programs. EPA will provide incentives to those states demonstrating
initiative in developing and implementing comprehensive ground-water protection
programs. Particular emphasis will be placed on providing incentives to those
states exploring innovative methods of establishing ground-water protection
priorities/approaches that are used to guide both state and Federal ground-water
activities. The Agency will also work to provide greater integration and
consistency among EPA and other Federal agencies' programs in order to facilitate
comprehensive protection on the state level.
4-42
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The Agency will continue to assist states in their implementation of
wellhead protection (TOP) programs established in the 1986 amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act. Wellhead protection programs and activities are important
subsets within comprehensive programs and provide important means of setting
priorities by identifying and directing protection toward ground-water resources
serving as drinking water supplies and, hence, reducing the public health risks
from contaminated drinking water.
In 1992, EPA will strengthen the scientific knowledge underlying
comprehensive ground-water protection programs by seeking additional
environmental indicators of ground-water quality. The Agency will assess the
potential for using various organisms as signals of the overall condition of
ground-water resources, EPA will also more fully explore means of safeguarding
ground water from contamination by nitrates,
EPA will continue to improve the collection and accessibility of ground-
water information. During 1992, EPA will develop and implement policies on
cross-program integration of ground-water data and policy on the integration of
nitrate data into ground-water data bases. The Agency will also strengthen
efforts to assist states in the adoption of the minimum data element set for
ground water and to modernize STORET.
EPA will expand and enhance efforts to educate the public as well as state
and local government officials regarding ground-water protection issues. The
Agency will reach out to public officials, providing them with the tools to
protect ground water, while it works to increase citizen awareness of and
involvement with efforts to safeguard the resource.
For activities related to the 1988 FIFRA amendments, workyears supported
by the Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund will support
hydrogeological and related technical assistance in the pesticide reregistration
process,
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $12,542,400 supported by 99.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,954,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $7,511,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $76,400 is from the Registration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. Of the total workyears, 98.3 are supported by the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 1.0 is supported by the Registration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund.
For 1991, EPA is enhancing assistance to states in developing and
implementing ground-water protection activities that move the states beyond
protection strategies to comprehensive ground-water protection programs. EPA and
the states are profiling the states' current ground-water activities co identify
gaps in protection. These "State Profiles" will provide an important base of
information and will help states target the ground-water efforts necessary in
each state to comprehensively protect the resource as the state desires. The
Agency is also assisting states in such technical ground-water concerns as
mapping of aquifer systems, conducting resource assessments, developing source
control strategies, and determining vulnerability characteristics, EPA is
instituting measures to foster institutional capacity building, such as
4-43
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instituting measures to foster institutional capacity building, such as
facilitating the coordination of state management and control activities with
local governments to engender effective implementation of comprehensive ground-
water protection programs. In addition, EPA is working with other Federal
agencies to ensure consistency and integration of Federal ground-water policies,
regulations and guidance.
The Agency continues to assist states in their development of WHP programs
established in the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. This program,
which addresses the prevention of contamination of ground water serving as public
water supplies, is considered by EPA to be an essential component of a state
comprehensive ground-water protection program. In addition, EPA is enhancing and
expanding its efforts in WHP demonstration projects which concentrate on local
issues related to the protection of wellhead areas.
During 1991, EPA is seeking, testing and refining additional environmental
indicators of ground-water protection. Other initiatives include developing
Ground-Water Data Management Orders which will enhance cross program data sharing
and integration. In addition to expanding its data collection efforts, the
Agency is strengthening its capacity to disseminate and promote the exchange of
information through the use of videos, pamphlets, workshops and conferences.
EPA is maintaining its efforts in Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) designations.
The Agency also continues to review projects financially assisted by the Federal
government on or near designated SSAs.
For activities related to the 1988 FIFRA amendments, workyears are
supporting hydrogeological and related technical assistance in the pesticide
reregistration process.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,225,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects to continue work on the Spokane Aquifer and to fund the
National Rural Water Association Programs's ground-water protection program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,937,100 supported by 82.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,201,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $3,713,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $22,300 was from the Registration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. Of the total workyears, 82.3 were supported from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 0.2 were supported by the Registration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
During 1990, the Agency made progress toward completing the "Ground-Water
Task Force Report" which contains a set of EPA ground-water protection principles
and a policy on the Federal/State relationship in ground-water protection that
are intended to set forth an aggressive approach to protecting the nation's
ground-water resources and directing the course of the Agency's efforts over the
coming years, A key component of this approach is an increased focus on actively
assisting states, which should retain their preemminent role in ground-water
management, in developing and implementing comprehensive protection programs
designed to protect the resource and provide the framework for coordinating state
-------
and Federal activities. The Task Force Report contains a preliminary description
of the elements EPA considers to be essential in an adequate comprehensive
protection program, which is being further refined in FY 1991.
The ground-water protection program assisted state water agencies in
developing hydrogeologlc aspects of pesticides management plans which provide for
protection methods tailored to area-specific differences in ground-water
vulnerability. These plans are an important aspect of a comprehensive approach
to ground-water protection.
The Agency promoted prevention of ground-water contamination by encouraging
states to develop and implement WHP programs. During the fiscal year, 13 states
had wellhead protection programs approved by EPA. Support of WHP programs is a
central feature of EPA ground-water protection activities. EPA efforts to
support WHP programs included assisting states in the delineation of wellhead
protection areas (WHPAs) and enhancing state capacity to both address specific
sources of contamination and develop appropriate risk management strategies.
Furthermore, EPA initiated a demonstration program with localities to encourage
creative and unique approaches to information management in WHPAs.
The Agency implemented efforts to ensure that EPA-related ground-water
protection projects collect a minimum set of data elements. Other information
management activities included the development of methods for translating new and
historical ground-water data into an automated form and the continuation of
enhancements to STORE! and other EPA data-bases. The Agency enhanced and
promoted the use of geographic information systems, particularly in identifying
the most critical sources of contamination in WHPAs, and provided workshops and
seminars for state and local officials on the use of these data management tools
for ground-water protection.
EPA responded to five petitions for SSA designation and reviewed 154
Federal financially assisted projects valued at over $560 million on or near a
designated SSA.
EPA provided expertise and technical assistance in the pesticide
reregistration process for new chemicals and/or new uses, mandated in the FIFRA
Amendments of 1988.
\
4-45
Vs l>
11 '
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Tableof Contenta
Page
DRINKING WATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement ....... ...... 4-46
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE «•
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expense* S3,499.0 §4,706.8 $4,706,5 $5,521.2
TOTAL S3.499,0 §4.706,8 U, 706.5 $5,523.2
$816.7
$816.7
TOTAL;
Salaries £ Expenses
Drinking Water
Enforcement
S3,499.0 $4,706.8 $4,706.5 $5,523.2 $816.7
TOTAL S3,499.0 $4,706.8 $4,706.5 §5,523.2 $816.7
PERMANENT UORKVEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
74.0
74.0
92.8
92.8
92.8
92.8
104.9
104.9
12.1
12.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Drinking W«ter
Enforcement
TOTAL HORKYEARS
80.5 99.9 99.9 104.9
80.5 99.9 99.9 104.9
5.0
5.0
4-46
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DRINKING WAfER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,523,200 supported by 104,9 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $816,700 and 5.0 total workyears from 1991.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $816,700 in the Salaries and Expense appropriation.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,523,200 supported by 104.9 total workyears
for this program, an increase of $816,700 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5.0 total workyears. The increase will support regional
enforcement of new public water system (PWS) standards to protect public health
when states fail to take action.
EPA is working with states in adopting new enforcement authorities and
establishing programs to carry out new requirements, where states are unable to
implement the surface water treatment rule, microbiological contaminant
monitoring and lead requirements, EPA will carry out activities normally
conducted by primacy state programs, such as technical assistance,
inspections/sanitary surveys, public notification, monitor system compliance,
enforcement actions, hearings and data management. While EPA enforces these new
requirements, states will be building additional program capability, seeking
increased program resources, training staff-and developing procedures, guidelines
and policies necessary to implement the new requirements.
Some states are considering withdrawing as the primary enforcement agent of
their drinking water program. When this happens, implementation and enforcement
of new as well as existing program requirements will be thrust upon the EPA
Regions. The Regions will commence direct implementation in targeted states
conducting program management and administration activities, ensuring state
laboratory capability, operator training, phasing-in monitoring and reporting
requirements, maintaining vital data management and analysis, and conducting the
full array of enforcement activities. Additional resources will be used by the
Regions to carry out program activities normally conducted by primacy states.
Enforcement depends primarily on timely and accurate reporting of compliance
data. Accessible and accurate data will be indispensable as the Regions are
required to take over state drinking water programs as well as continue oversight
of primacy state activities. EPA will field test the application of a practical
data verification protocol, procedures, and user's guide. The EPA Regions will
implement a system to identify falsified data and prosecute those individuals
that knowingly falsify drinking water data.
4-47
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The Underground Injection Control (UIC) enforcement program will enforce TJIC
regulations in the absence of timely and appropriate state action or in states
that do not have primary enforcement authority. Priority enforcement will be
targeted at shallow wells endangering underground sources of drinking water
(USDW) and sensitive ecosystems. Assistance will be given to states when needed
to bring shallow wells under control.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,706,500 supported by 99.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Drinking water enforcement focuses on systems in significant noncompliance
(SNC), defined on the basis of relative risk to human health posed by different
kinds of violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs).
While SNCs are the first enforcement priority, all systems in violation are
subject to enforcement action, particularly those systems which are about to
become SNCs or otherwise are causing a public health threat. When state
enforcement fails, EPA issues Administrative Orders (AOs) or initiates court
action. In addition, the Regions conduct AO hearings and assess penalties for
AO noncompliance in conjunction with Regional Counsels. Based on enforcement
program reviews, Headquarters is implementing across-the-board changes in EPA's
PWS enforcement efforts. Also, these reviews highlight opportunities for EPA to
improve internal data management procedures for faster, more accurate tracking
of priority non-compliance and EPA/state response.
UIC enforcement activities ensure testing for mechanical integrity and
review and approve permit requirements and applications for oil and gas, mining
and shallow injection wells. The monitoring of deep disposal wells continues in
order to ensure protection of USDWs. Enforcement actions against violators help
to reduce some of the most substantial .health threats to humans and the
environment as well as set examples to deter future violators.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,499,000 supported by 80.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Regions continued to issue Aos against violators of PWS and UIC program
requirements in order to achieve compliance with regulations and standards set
by the Agency. Significant non-compliers remained the enforcement priority
although other violators were pursued. Where state action failed to remedy a
violation, EPA issued Aos or initiated court action. EPA implemented the new AO
compliance tracking system designed to provide information on the status of AOs
and the actions taken to return violators to compliance. The Regions assisted
Regional Counsels in documenting violations which required new and more stringent
enforcement actions and participated in activities related to civil enforcement
referrals to the Department of Justice.
Approximately four percent of community water systems were in significant
noncompliance with microbiological, turbidity, total trihalomethane or other
chemical/radiological requirements. Approximately 27 percent of all community
4-48 ' : f
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water systems reported some type of violation. The remaining 73 percent of
community water systems were in full compliance. The Regions issued 165 final
AOs for tJIC violations and 149 final AOs and 14 complaints for the assessment of
administrative penalties against PUS violators.
A— AQ
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5, Hazardous Waste
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget, Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUSJASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research .............. 5-8
Scientific Assessment ....... 5-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ...... 5-17
Health Effects .......... 5-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology ... 5-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-23
Technical Information and Liaison .......... 5-25
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research ... 5-25
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies ...... 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-29
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation . . . 5-31
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water ......... 5-32
Regulations, Guidelines S Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-34
Financial Assistance ..... 5-37
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States . . . 5-38
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants ............ 5-40
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-42
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III ...... 5-46
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-51
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HAZARDOUS UASTE
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE *
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $76,681.3 (91,640.3 (91,610.8(101,587.3 $9,976.5
Abatement Control and (167,453.6 (193,391.5 (193.391.5 $202,553.5 (9,162.0
Compliance
Research & Development *29,960.5 $25,987.3 $25,987.3 (29,594.2 $3,606.9
TOTAL, Hazardous Uaste (274,115.4 (311,019.1 (310,989.6 $333,735.0 (22,745.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS 1,332.0 1,574.6 1,574.6 1,660.0 85.4
TOTAL UORKYEARS 1,400.4 1,631.8 1,631.8 1,660.0 28.2
OUTLAYS $234,382.5 (285,317.5 $285,290.1 $302,619.2 (17,329.1
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Solid Uaste Disposal Act as amended expired on
Noventoer 8, 1988. Reauthorization is pending.
5-1
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative
mandate for a nationwide program to protect human health and the environment from
the risks of improper management of hazardous and solid wastes. The goals of the
Act are: to ensure adequate and safe treatment of hazardous waste from generation
through disposal; to ensure adequate and safe management and disposal capacity
for solid wastes; and to prevent and detect leakage from underground storage
tanks (USTs).
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Xnow Act, Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, establishes a framework for
identification of hazardous chemicals present in communities. This program
provides for development of state and local response plans to prevent, protect,
and inform the public in the event of a chemical release emergency. The recent
clean Air Act amendments expanded the program by requiring owners and operators
of facilities to develop risk management plans to prevent, detect, and respond
to chemical accidents.
The demands on and expectations for the Agency's waste management programs
continue to rise. During the early 1970's, program direction emphasized
identifying and controlling solid waste. The late 1970's and 1980's saw the
refinement and expansion of this direction to include "cradle to grave"
management of hazardous wastes and states' implementation of Federally-authorized
national management standards. In the 1990's, the Agency will address problems
associated with the expanding universe of wastes. Some of these wastes include
municipal solid waste, special large-volume wastes, industrial solid waste, and
medical waste. The Agency will continue its work on completing the remaining
protective mandates of HSWA hazardous waste requirements. In addition, the
Agency will reorient its corrective action resources to address the greatest
number, and most environmentally-risky facilities.
The Agency's strategy to address these demands and expectatipns is to: 1}
strengthen state relationships by leveraging permitting and enforcement resources
to improve hazardous waste program implementation; 2) develop new, and revise
existing regulations to address evolving program directions; and 3) conduct
research, encourage technology development and transfer, and establish outreach
programs to provide the scientific program foundation, national information
network, and public communications capability necessary to successfully conduct
a national waste management program.
Leveraging aNational Regulatory Program Through the States
The Agency recognizes the essential role of the states in developing,
implementing, and enforcing a national waste management program. The Agency is
providing increases in resources to assist the states in fulfilling their growing
responsibilities. Success in managing the expanding universe of hazardous,
solid, municipal, and special wastes depends on a strong partnership between
Federal and state governments. The Agency and the states will jointly examine
existing state authorities to determine the changes necessary to meet national
5-2
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hazardous waste program requirements. The Agency's Regions will assist the
states in upgrading their program capabilities to meet new and modified Federal
standards. The states will continue to develop legislation and regulations to
incorporate HSWA provisions as well as new and revised requirements into their
programs.
The permitting program is the backbone of the national hazardous waste
management system upon which depends our ultimate success in achieving the
legislative direction envisioned in HSWA — the protection of our health and
environment from the risks of ill-managed wastes. The permitting program will
continue to issue permits to operating and closing hazardous waste management
facilities, addressing the most environmentally-significant facilities first.
The Agency will increase state resources for post-closure permitting of
environmentally-significant land disposal facilities and permitting for the most
environmentally-significant storage and treatment facilities will be undertaken.
The Agency and states will continue to modify permits as necessary to address
changing regulations, new corrective action provisions, and changes to facility
design and practices.
The Agency's concentration on meeting the mandated permitting deadlines
and on recent use of corrective action order authorities have created an
expanding universe of facilities where corrective action requirements have been
imposed. The Agency will continue to encourage the states, through HSWA
authorization, to assume the lead for approximately fifty percent of corrective
action oversight. The Agency and the states will continue to oversee
owner/operators' corrective action activities and will tailor their facilities
oversight to ensure effective owner/operator response. Where feasible, interim
corrective measures will be used to reduce overall risk, while leveraging limited
resources, to address the largest number of environmentally-significant
facilities.
As new hazardous wastes continue to be brought into the RCRA regulatory
universe, an increased level of Federal and state inspection and enforcement
activity will be necessary to ensure continued industry compliance. Examples of
this expanding waste universe include wastes brought in under the organic
toxicity characteristic rule, and mineral processing and wood preserving waste
listings. The Agency is increasing Regional and state resources for. this higher
level of enforcement activity.
Additionally, greater emphasis will be placed on inspecting generator
facilities and conducting searches of facilities operating illegally outside the
RCRA system. Increased enforcement activities in these areas are expected to
provide leveraged pollution prevention benefits. Federal and state resources
will be designated to fund these activities.
The Agency will provide Federal and state resources to continue progress
toward the completion of lake-wide management plans for Lake Ontario and Lake
Michigan. Greater levels of enforcement activities, particularly conducting
facility assessments and taking corrective action as appropriate, will be
directed toward the Great Lakes Basin.
Imphasis on non-hazardous waste management activities will continue as
Regions and states work to implement revised municipal waste management criteria,
and to support the increased national attention to municipal waste recycling and
5-3
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source reduction. The Regions will provide project-specific financial assistance
to develop a strong and consistent national effort to attain municipal waste
management and reduction goals as established in the Agency's Agenda for Action.
The Underground Storage Tanks (UST) program will focus on preventing,
detecting, and correcting leakage from USTs containing petroleum or other
hazardous substances. Because this is a state delegated program, the Agency's
strategy will be to monitor and evaluate state implementation and enforcement
performance, and provide ongoing technical information, assistance, and training
to build state capabilities.
The Agency has promulgated a number of important regulations in the UST
program: the Federal technical standards, leak detection and corrective action
regulations for both petroleum and hazardous substance tanks, and financial
responsibility regulations for petroleum tanks. The Agency's task is to help
states develop UST regulatory programs as comprehensive as the Federal
regulations. Some states have completed this process and submitted their
applications for program approval. The remaining states will continue working
to strengthen their programs to be no less stringent than the Federal regulations
while continuing to manage their existing state programs.
As the states and local communities move from development to implementation
of emergency response plans under the Title III program, the Agency will assist
them in developing their capability to enforce the emergency planning and
chemical storage and release notification requirements. National guidance,
technical assistance, and training will highlight enforcement targeting
mechanisms and development of the case referral process through state legal
systems.
Sustaining a Responsive National Reorulatorv Program
The hazardous waste regulatory program must continue its work to complete
the remaining requirements mandated in HSWA, responding to statutory and court-
ordered deadlines. The national program must also respond to the concerns of an
increasingly aware and informed public, which expects Agency action on a growing
universe of waste management facilities in such diverse areas as municipal solid
waste, waste exports and imports, and special large volume wastes^.
In order to implement the legislative intent to identify and bring under
management those wastes considered hazardous, the Agency will perform preliminary
listing studies and develop regulations *to list as hazardous the specific wastet
named in HSWA. The Agency will begin development of an environmental data
initiative, an essential step in providing the RCRA program with information on
solid and hazardous waste management activities. This will improve
decisionmaking and EPA's and the states' ability to measure progress. In
addition, the Agency will provide a characterization of the industrial landfill
universe as a first step in order to understand the risks posed by the««
facilities. The Agency will provide a more complete picture of industrial wa»t«
management activities. The Agency will begin development of treatment standards
for those wastes listed as hazardous since the enactment of HSWA. The Agency
will implement the land disposal restrictions program by processing treatment
capacity and no migration petitions. These regulatory efforts will substantially
address major HSWA protective mandates to study, identify, list, restrict
disposal, and manage certain hazardous wastes. In addition, the Agency will
5-4
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produce a rule for the authorization of Indian tribes which will improve the
quality of Indian lands by increasing tribal capabilities in managing-
environmental protection programs.
The Agency will proceed with its efforts to address emerging solid waste
management issues of national concern by serving as a technical clearinghouse for
municipal solid waste management information. The Agency will continue to
address municipal solid waste source reduction and recycling programs recommended
in the Agenda for Action for solid waste. These efforts will include
establishing volume and toxlcity reduction goals as well as encouraging the
initiation of source reduction and recycling programs to meet various state and
local needs. The Agency will propose a Subtitle D state program approval rule
which will provide the necessary direction for comprehensive management of the
nation's municipal solid waste.
The Agency will respond to management concerns in its special waste
program by promulgating rules for oil and gas and mining waste and will issue a
regulatory determination on exempt mineral processing wastes in 1991. Also, the
Agency will issue mixed waste guidance and rules, and conduct a regulatory
determination on cement kiln dust. In the international arena, the Agency will
develop amendments to its hazardous waste export program rules to ensure proper
disposition of hazardous waste abroad.
Pollution prevention and minimization of hazardous and solid waste are
national priorities. The Agency will promote pollution prevention through
specific initiatives, such as encouraging the use of re-mining techniques at
abandoned or inactive mine tailing sites. Significant Agency efforts will be
devoted to enhancing outreach and education programs for encouraging industrial
source reduction and market-based recycling. Headquarters will reexanine
policies, guidance, and regulations, and will promote pollution prevention in its
permit activities. The Agency will continue to integrate pollution prevention
conditions into RCRA settlement agreements and will implement the recommendations
of the study on the role of the RCRA inspector in waste minimization activities.
The UST program will continue its mission to prevent pollution of surface and
groundwater due to the leaking of underground storage tanks.
Finally, the Agency will begin the regulatory development process
necessary to meet the statutory deadlines under the Clean Air Act accidental
release provisions. Immediate efforts will focue on the following* 1) developing
a list of hazardous chemicals (and associated thresholds) that- upon accidental
release risk serious harm to the general public and the environment; 2)
developing regulations requiring owners and operators of facilities to develop
risk management plans to prevent, detect, and respond to accidental releases into
the air, 3) providing support and establishing a liaison role with the Chemical
Safety Board; 4) conducting a study on the hazards associated with hydrofluoric
acid; and 5) coordinating facility reporting information with state and* local
governments,
Supporting the Regulatory Program Through Research, Technology Transfer and
PublicParticipation
The research program provides the scientific a.nd technical information
necessary to support the development and implementation of hazardous waste
regulations. Scientific information on risk assessment, monitoring
5-5
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methodologies, alternate technologies, pollution prevention, health effects, and
the environmental processes associated with hazardous waste, from generation to
disposal, is provided to the Regions, state and local government, private
industry, and other decision-makers.
The Agency will conduct research in several areas: pollution prevention and
waste minimization, alternate technologies for the management and disposal of
wastes, land disposal, incineration, waste characterization and identification,
quality assurance, underground storage tank releases, oil spills, and municipal
solid wastes. The Agency will support technology transfer of its research
findings to encourage implementation of improved methods and practices.
Increased resources will be provided to support research on the use of
bioremediation for the cleanup of hazardous wastes and on the health effects of
incineration. Increased resources will also be provided to support
implementation of site-specific technical support for RCRA corrective action.
Increased Regional resources will be provided for on-line activation of
the RCRA information system in all EPA Regions and a number of states. This
system will enable the Agency, Regions, and the states to better monitor facility
progress and identify national, Regional, and state trends in hazardous waste
management. This improved data collection system, in conjunction with the
Agency's Environmental Data Initiative, will provide assistance in evaluating the
effectiveness of waste management regulations and development of regulatory
improvements.
Utilizing the Private Sector for Essential Consulting Services
The Agency requires private consultants to perform essential support in
cases where it is not economically effective to possess the specialized, expert
personnel services required. The Agency will utilize the services of consultant!
for development of regulatory impact analyses, highly complex regulations, and
national guidance documents. Consultants will be required for functionally
specialized technical assistance necessary for program implementation, and for
the development of comprehensive information management systems.
5-6
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
CURRENT
INCREASE
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Regulations
RCRA Standards ....
Proposals .......
Promulgations
ACTUAL
1990
22
11
11
ESTIMATE
}.991
29
19
10
ESTIMATE
1992
32
IS
17
DECREASE
1992 VS
+3
-4
+7
(->
1991
Effl. Stds. Decision Doc.
Effl. Stds. Data Summaries.
UIC Petition Reviews
Implementation
Guidance Documents . .
Reports to Congress . ,
State Authorization (cum.)
Base Program . .
HSWA Cluster I .
Final Permit Determinations
and Closures (Cumulative) 2
Ongoing Permit Processing
UIC Permit Revisions
Enforcement /Corrective Action
Inspections .... 12
Administrative
Orders ..... 1
Civil Litigation
23
3
46
7
,076
498
,698
,500
172
28
3
48
17
2,271
775
13,382
1,300
147
18
0
52
32
2,531
780
14,907
1,507
164
-10
-3
+4
+ 15
+260
+ 5
+17525
,,.
+ 207
+ 17
Criminal
Litigation . . .
Corrective Action
Facility
Assessments . . .
Monitoring of
Corrective Action
Activities . . .
POTW Corrective
Measures ....
115
230
268
132
107
700
132
0*
700
N/C
N/A
N/C
* Funded by Superfund under the Environmental Priorities Initiative
5-7
-------
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-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUSWASTE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research ............. ... 5-8
Scientific Assessment 5-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 5-17
Health Effects 5-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology ...... 5-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-2.3
Technical Information and Liaison ..... ,. 5-25
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research ..... 5-25
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Page Intentionally Blank
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HAZARDOUS VOTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE «•
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment *
Hazardous Wast*
Salaries t Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries £ Expenses
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries i Expenses
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Uaste
Salaries 1 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
£ Effects - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries I Expenses
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Technical Information
and Liaison - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries £ £xp*n**s
Research £ Development
TOTAL
Integrated Hazardous
Uaste Research
Research & Development
TOTAL
'OTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses
Research £ Development
$1
$1
$2
$3
$7
S11
,247
,538
,785
,334
,840
,175
$634
$764
SI
$5
$13
$19
$3
S3
$7
$2
$2
$13
$29
,398
.2
,2
.4
.6
.8
.4
,2
.0
.2
,257.7
.855
,113
,479
.5
.2
.4
,546.9
,026
,435
,435
,953
,980
.3'
.1
.1
.1
.5
$1,062.2
$1,064.0
$2,126.2
$3,110.1
$6,056.9
$9,167.0
$602.8
$61.8
$664.6
$5,037.1
$11,327.3
$16,364.4
$3,387.0
$3,087.3
$6,474.3
S84Q.Q
$840.0
$3,550.0
$3,550.0
$13,199.2
$25,917.3
$1
$1
$2
$3
$6
$9
$5
$11
$16
$3
$3
,062
,064
.126
.2
.0
.2
,110.1
,056
,167
$602
$61
$664
,008
.327
,335
,387
.087
$6,474
$3
$3
$13
$25
$840
$840
,550
,550
,170
,9B7
.9
.0
.8
.8
.6
.1
.3
.4
.0
.3
.3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.3
$1,149
$1,368
$2.517
.5
.4
.9
$3,213.3
$6,507
$9,720
$622
$870
$1,492
$5,430
$14,082
$19,512
$3,560
$5,479
$9,039
$6
$886
$892
$400
$400
$13,981
$29,594
.5
.8
.1
,S
.6
.3
.5
.8
.1
.2
.3
.0
.1
.1
.0
.0
.3
.2
$87
$304
$391
$103
$450
$553
$19
$808
$828
$422
$2,755
$3,177
$173
$2,391
$2,565
$6
$46
$52
•$3,150
-$3,150
$811
$3,606
.3
.4
.7
.2
.6
.8
.3
.7
.0
.2
.2
.4
.1
.9
,0
.0
.1
.1
.0
.0
.1
.9
Hazardous Waste
Research
TOTAL $43,933.6 $39,186.5 $39,157.5 $43,575.5 $4,418.0
5-8
-------
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Hazardous Waste
Monitoring Systems ft
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
U.3 17.1 17.1 18.2
43.3 47.5 47.5 47.9
10.4 11.6 11.6 11.6
1.1
0.4
0.0
Environmental
Engineering ft
Technology * Hazardous
Waste
81.6 84.9 B4.9 89.9
5.0
Environmental Processes
t. Effects * Hazardous
Waste
49.1 50.0 50.0 51.5
1.5
Technical Information
& Liaison * Hazardous
Waste
0.1
0.1
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
198.7 211.1 211.1 219.2
8.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Hazardous Waste
15.9 17.1 17.1 18.2
1.1
Monitoring Systems
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
47.1 47.5 47.5 47.9
0.4
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering ft
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
12.0 11.6 11.6 11.6
85.2 S4.9 84.9 89.9
0.0
5.0
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
51.2 50.0 50.0 51.5
1.5
5-9
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE *
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical Information 0,1 0.1
and Liaison - Hazardous
Waste
TOTAL WORKYEARS 211.4 211.1 211.1 219.2 8.1
5-10
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Hast* Research
Principal Outputs
19921
Scientific ABBeBBment
o 20-30 Health and Environmental Effects Documents
o prepare Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA
Chemicals
o Technical Support for RCRA Site-Specific Assessments - e.g.,
Petitions, ACLs, etc.
o Guidance Manual - Feasibility Study of Environmental Monitoring and
Exposure Assessment for a Municipal Waste Combustor: Rutland,
Vermont Pilot Study
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
o Optimization of Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroecopy
(ICP/MS) for Metals Analysis
o Report on Analytical Methods Validation for Analytes Lacking
Standardized Methods
o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals
Health Effects
o Report on the Bioavailability of Metal Residue in Soil
Environmental..... Engineer in? and Technology
o Pollution Prevention Case Studies
/
o Industry-Specific Pollution Prevention Guides
o Background Report on Existing Clean Products Programs
o Engineering Reports on Technologies for Treating Contaminated Soil
and Debris
o Evaluation of Biofilters for Control of Hazardous Air Emission*.
o Report on the Construction Quality Assurance/Construction Quality
Control of Waste Management Facilities
o Guidance Documents on the Design and Operations of Landfills and
Surface Impoundments
o Incineration Research Conducted at the US EPA Incineration R«»*«rch
Facility during in 1991
5-X1
-------
o Report on the* Environmental Effect* of Amh Utilization
o Report on the Optimization of Soil Vapor Extraction for Remediation
of Subsurface Gasoline Release*
o Report on the Application of Low Temperature Thermal Desorption for
Cleaning up LUST Sites
o Report on Recovery of Landfill Gas
o Reports on Municipal Innovative Technology Evaluations
o Protocols for Testing Efficacy and Toxicity of Bioremediation Agents
o Protocol for Testing Efficacy and Toxicity of Dispersants
o Report on Available Ground-Hater Models
o Numerical Model for Multiphase Chemical Transport in Porous Media
o Report on Foliar Uptake of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by Three Plant Species
1991;
•Scientific ......... ABBeBBrnent;
o 50-60 Health and Environmental Effect Documents
o Prepare Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA
Chemicals
o Technical Support for RCRA Site-Specific Assessments - e.g.,
Petitions, ACLo, etc.
o Municipal Waste Combustors Indirect Exposures Methodology: Case
Studies (St. Louis and Jacksonville)
. »•
Monitor ino Systems and Quality Assurance
o Report on Field Validation of Dual Range Carbon Dioxide Monitors
o Comprehensive Soil Sample Preparation Manual for Volatile Organic
Compounds
o Report on the Application of Borehole Geophysics in Haste Site
Monitoring
o Annual Report on Quality Contrql Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals
o Field Test of Peat for Adsorption of Hydrocarbon Contamination from
Underground Storage Tanks
o Research on Continuous Monitoring Methods for Detection of Dioxin
and Mercury in Emissions
5-12
-------
Environments^ Engineering an<^ Technology
o Incineration Research Conducted at the US EPA Incineration Research
Facility during 1990
o Report on the Effect* of MWC Leachate on Natural and Geosynthetic
Liners
o Final Report on Internal Inspection Protocol and Validation
o Update state-of-the-Art on the Application and Effectiveness of Oil
Spill Dispersants
o Reference Document on Soil Vapor Extraction Technology
o Expansion of Computerized On-line Information System for Underground
Storage Tank Technology Transfer
o Development, Operation, and Maintenance of a Computerized On-Line
Information System for Underground Storage Tank Technology Transfer
o Final Report on Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection for Chemical
USTs
o Report on Biological/Physical Clogging and Degradation of
Geosynthetics in Municipal Solid Waste Drainage Systems
o Report on Nitrate Contamination Studies
o User's Manual for Two-Dimensional Multiphase Transport Model
o Report on Methods for Handling Spatial Variability of Subsurface
Environments
o Computer Program for Estimating Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated
Soils for Contaminant Transport Modeling
f'
o Report on Toxicity Profiles for Hazardous Haste Characterization:
An Assessment of the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Potential of
Hydrolyzed Leachates
o Report on Forced Air Ventilation for Remediation of Unsaturated
Soils Contaminated by Volatile Organic Compounds
1990;
Scientific ABaeaament
o Carcinogenicity Profiles for Third Portion of Land Disposal Ban
o 29 Health and Environmental Effects Documents
o Beta Test Model of Risk Assistant Expert System
o Prepare Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA
Chemicals
5-13
-------
o Technical Support for RCRA Site-Specific Assessment* - e.g.,
Petitions, ACLs, etc.
3 Report: Kinetics and Toxicity Studies in Monkeys Exposed to TCDD
3 Final Report: Indirect Exposures Methodology for Municipal Waste
CombuBtors
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
o ' Report on Research Statistics, Geootatistics, and
ChemometricB
'o Summary Report on Quality Assurance Support Including Development of
Quality Assurance Materials for Unconventional Matrices
o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VI11
Chemicals
o Guide for Field Screening of Underground Storage Tanks
o Handbook for the Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring
Wells
o Progress Report on Methods Development for the Supercritical Fluid
Extraction of Soil and Sediments
o Proximity/Impact of Subtitle D Facilities to Wet Environments
Healt.hJffectB
o Report on the Scientific and Programmatic Issues Associated with
Metal Residues
Environmental Engineering and Technology
o Waste Minimization Guidance Manual* for Seven Industrie*
o Report to Congress on Pollution Prevention Research
s~
o Reports on OSW Methodology for Multi-Media Risk Assessment
o Technical Report on the Summary of Waste Minimization Evaluation!
supported by the USEPA
o Minimization and Control of Hazardous Combustion By-Products
o Operations and Research at the USEPA Incineration Research Facility
(Annual Report for 1989)
o Report on EPA/Environment Canada! RDF Combustion Technology,
Environmental Characterization Mid-Connecticut Resources Recovery
Facility
o Report on the State of the Art on Internal Tank Inspection Equipment
and Procedures
5-14
-------
o Protocol for Evaluating Pipeline Leak Detection System*
Environmental Processes and Effects
o Report on Site Specific Multimedia Modeling for 'Ranking Closure
Options at RCRA Land Disposal Operations
o Report on Evaluation of Selected Plants as Cover Crops for HW/SF
Sites
o User's Kanual for MINTEQ2 with Updated Theory and Applications
o Report on Hydrogeological Approaches for Mobilizing Immiscible
Wastes for UST Corrective Actions
o Report on Determining Hydrologic Properties of Subsurface
Environments
o Report on Fate and Transport of Residual Matrix Constituents in Soil
o Report on Use of Toxicity Profiles for Aquatic Impacts as Waste
Leachate Characteristics
Integrated ....... paipar^dguB .Was^e^, Research
o Establish the integrated Hazardous Waste Research Center and
Initiate Multiple Research, Education and Technology Transfer
Products
5-15
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $43,575,400 .supported by 219.1 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $4,418,000 and an increase of 8.1 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $13,981,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $29,594,200 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. There is an increase of $811,100 in Salaries and
Expenses which is primarily due to a realignment of ORD positions to better
manage resources. An increase of $3,606,900 in Research and .Development
provides for additional studies on bioremediation, municipal solid waste,
health risk effects of incineration, oil spills, technical support for RCRA
corrective action, and the transfer of aquifer restoration research and oil
spills research from the Hater Research Program.
Program Obi ect ives
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify and manage wastes that pose a substantial hazard to human
health or the environment. RCRA also requires the promulgation of standards
related to Underground Storage Tank systems for both chemicals and petroleum
products. Section 311 of the Clean water Act also mandates some of the
research conducted under this program, specifically the hazardous material
release efforts.
SCIENTIFIC. .ASjS.E.SSffENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,517,900 supported by 18.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,149,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,368,400 will be for the Research aod Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $87,300 and 1.1 workyears for
Salaries and .Expenses. The increase is primarily due to a realignment of ORD
positions to better manage resources. The increase in Research and
Development is $304,400. Additional resources will be used to respond to
regional requests on health risk assessment issues related to RCRA corrective
action, and to the preparation of Health and Environmental Effects Documents
(HEEDs).
ORD will establish a new technical support center for health and risk
assessment to provide assistance to Regional, and State staff engaged in RCRA
corrective action. ORD will also provide Health and Environmental Effects
Documents, Reference Doses, and technical evaluations to support the RCRA
listing, permitting and land disposal restriction programs. Work will
continue on improving .microcomputer assisted risk assessment tools.
A guidance manual will be completed for use by the State of Vermont on
the feasibility case study completed in 1991. A sensitivity analysis u»in
-------
chemical-specific input parameters will be conducted as an extension of the
municipal waste combustion indirect exposures methodology. The assessment of
potential hazards associated with municipal solid waste recycling will
continue with emphasis on particular wastes (e.g. tires).
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,126,200 supported by
17.1 total workyeare for this program, of which $1,062,200 is from the
Salaries and ExpenseB appropriation and $1,064,000 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
In 1991, the program is continuing to emphasize the preparation of risk
assessment documents and development and evaluation of tests and procedures
for conducting risk assessments. Health and Environmental Effects Documents,
Reference Doses, and technical evaluations are provided to support the RCRA
listing, permitting and land disposal restriction programs. Microcomputer-
assisted risk assessment tools are being further developed.
A case study on the indirect exposures associated with municipal waste
combustion will be provided to support the risk assessment methodology and
incineration regulations. A comparative risk assessment report on indirect
exposure methodologies will be completed. The assessment of potential hazards
associated with municipal solid waste recycling will be initiated.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,785,400 supported by 15.9
total workyears for this program, of which $1,247,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,538,200 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
The 1990 program emphasized the production of health and environmental
effects documents for the listing/delisting programs, and Reference Doses for
the land disposal restriction program. Th« exposure work was completed for
risk assessments of burning contaminated soils in mobile incinerators. Peer
review of the draft report on the site-specific risk assessment g.f the
municipal waste combustor at Rutland, Vt. was completed. The indirect
exposures methodology for municipal waste combustion was also completed. The
beta test version of the Risk Assistant expert system was made available.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,720,800 supported by 47.9 total
workyeare for this program, of which $3,213,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,507,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $103,200 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a .4 increase in total workyears. The
increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992, The increase from 1991 of $450,600 for the
Research and Development appropriation reflects additional funding for
research into methods to develop monitoring protocols for oil spills and
5-17
-------
municipal solid waste, and to provide technical support to Regional offices in
the area of RCRA corrective action.
ORD will utiliz* additional resource* to provide Bite-specific technical
support to the RCRA corrective action community for monitoring and site
characterization. Work will be conducted at Subtitle C facilities to provide
the scientific information required to implement corrective actions.
Researchers will develop methods for detecting toxic wastes in soils and
sediments and for detecting organic* in the ambient air, near and at waste
treatment disposal facilities. Major methods development and evaluation will
be conducted utilizing supercritical fluid extraction and high performance
liquid chrotnatography. Validation and improvement of the methods contained in
the Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Haste (SW-846) continues. Geophysical,
geochemical and in-situ spectroscopic methods for subsurface monitoring will
be evaluated for their ability to detect and track waste plume migration in
the subsurface.
Remote sensing will be conducted to assist permit writers in verifying
the contents of permit applications and to assist enforcement in assessing
compliance.
ORD will conduct oil spills research to refine and validate microcosm
models used to assess impacts of spills in individual environments. This will
eliminate the need for testing each type of cleanup technique in each
different environment. This will provide response personnel with simplified
analytical tools to monitor the progress of a cleanup operation. These
include the identification of benchmark oil components which are easy to
measure, the development of biological indicators to assess cleanup
effectiveness, as well as improved methods for chemical analysis in the field.
Quality assurance research will focus on improving quality control sample
matrices and expanding the universe of quality control samples.
Remote sensing support is provided to the Regions for monitoring spills
and spill threats under emergency conditions in support of Section 311 of the
Clean Water Act. In addition, in support of leak prevention and ^corrective
action, leak monitoring methods applicable to underground storage tanks are
under evaluation. This activity includes evaluation of leak monitoring
methods. Monitoring evaluation of remediation techniques such as passive
bioremediation will be conducted. >
Guidelines for monitoring groundwater at RCRA Subtitle D landfill
facilities will be developed.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,167,000 supported by 47.5
workyears for this program, of which $3,110,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,056,900 is for the Research and Development
appropriation.
Methods are being developed to detect toxic wastes in soils and sediments
and for detecting organics in the ambient air, near and at waste treatment
5-18
-------
disposal facilities. Validation and improvement of the methods contained in
the Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Hast* (SW-846) continues. Geophysical,
geochemical and in-situ spectroseopic methods for subsurface monitoring are
evaluated for their ability to detect and track waste plume migration in the
subsurface. Remote sensing is conducted to verifying the contents of permit
applications and to assist enforcement in assessing compliance.
Quality assurance research focuses on improving quality control sample
matrices and expanding the universe of quality control samples.
Remote sensing support Is provided to the Regions for monitoring spills
and spill threats under emergency conditions in support of Section 311 of the
Clean Water Act. In addition, in support of leak prevention and corrective
action, leak monitoring methods applicable to underground storage tanks are
under evaluation. This activity includes evaluation of leak monitoring
methods to establish which existing instrumentation meet established
performance criteria. Techniques for determining soil gas concentrations and
constituents and for determining ground water contamination are evaluated
under field and laboratory conditions.
Guidelines for monitoring groundwater around RCRA Subtitle D landfill
facilities are being developed.
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $11,175,400 supported by 47.1
workyears for this program, of which $3,334,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,040,800 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
During 1990, research was conducted to support RCRA requirements to
determine waste composition, to detect levels of toxic constituents in sol la,
groundwater, and air, and to characterize hazardous constituents through the
evaluation, validation, development and improvement of analytical methods for
SW-846. Monitoring methods were evaluated and/or developed for use at RCRA
Subtitle D landfills. A major guidance document was developed for the design
and installation of ground-water monitoring wells. Remote sensing was
provided to assist in the assessment and mitigation of spills from facilities
engaged in production, storage, processing, and distribution of hazardous
materials. Performance criteria for evaluating leak monitoring methods were
established and a manual for conducting field screening monitoring of
underground storage tanks was developed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
199 2 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,492,600 supported by 11.6 total
workyears for this program of which $622,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $870,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represent an increase of $19,300 for Salaries and Expenses
and no change in work years. The increase in Research and Development is
$808,700. Additional resources will be used for health risk research relating
to the bioavailability of metala in Boils and incineration residuals, and
5-19
-------
health effects, research relating to the potency of complex •mis*ions from
municipal wa«t« combustors.
This program will •xplor« the relationship between exposure to disposed
incineration residuals containing metals and dose to target tissue*. Research
will be performed on bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and
elimination of metals. The municipal solid waste program will continue the
evaluation of comparative potency approaches to the assessment of combustion
emissions and residuals.
1993. program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $664,600 supported by 11.6
total workyears for this program, of which $602,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $61,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriat ion.
Research is focused on improving the assessment of risks from emissions
and residuals of hazardous waste management practices and municipal solid
waste combustion. Research in this area is necessary to improve our
understanding of the principles governing dosimetry of metals and will improve
the accuracy of assessment of such risks.
1990 accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of 51,398,200 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this program, of which $634,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $764,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1990, the studies of in-vivo exposure to combustion emissions were
completed. A metals residue bioavailability program was initiated and a
workshop was held to identify scientific and programmatic issues. A report on
metals research issues (on a metal by metal basis) was prepared as a
springboard for the metals research program.
ENGINEERING MTO .. TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $19,512,800 supported by 89.9
total workyears for this program, of which $5,430,300 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $14,082,500 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $422,200
and 5.0 additional total workyeara in the Salaries & Expenses appropriation.
These increases are primarily due to a realignment of ORD positions to better
manage resources. An increase of 52,755,200 in Research and Development
provides for additional studies on bioremediation, municipal solid waste,
health risk effects of incineration, oil spills, technical support for RCRA
corrective action, and the transfer of oil spills research from the Water
Research Program.
ORD will continue to emphasize research on reducing the production of
5-20
-------
pollutant* at their source. Research .will define assessment technique* to
measure the reduction in .quantities of pollutants produced and to identify
potential areas for pollution prevention and risk reduction. Other research
efforts will evaluate both existing and emerging alternative treatment
processes for wastes likely to be restricted from land disposal. Research
funded in 1991 on using solar energy to treat waste will be .completed.
ORD will initiate a new research effort on bioremediation to. complement
the ongoing work funded under the Superfund Research program. Since
bioremediation is a complex process involving the interaction of many
scientific disciplines such ae microbiology chemistry and engineering, the
main effort in this objective is to improve the base of scientific knowledge,
particularly as it applies to optimizing the application of in-situ-
bioremediation. The field component of this objective will build a base of
data on how to combine microbiological science and engineering in the field,
and will serve as a test-bed for the laboratory research.
Oil spills research will be carried out to provide On-Scene Coordinators
(OSC) with the scientific and engineering data required to choose the most
cost-effective and environmentally sound option for dealing with a spill and
the associated clean-up. This research includes developing protocols to
evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a variety of chemical and biological
agents designed to be used under various conditions to remove oil spilled into
water or from beaches, marshes and shorelines. These protocols will make it
possible to evaluate commercially available products as part of the listing
procedures provided for in the National Contingency Plan, as well as to have
this information available to the OSC at the time of a spill. Research will
be conducted to demonstrate mechanical cleanup techniques for inland spills
and for removing oil spilled into ice—cover bodies of water.
Major issues associated with disposal of hazardous waste to the land
will be addressed. Synthetic and clay liners will be studied and the
effectiveness of alternative closure and monitoring procedures for surface
impoundments will be investigated. Research also characterizes air emissions
from hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) and
to assess methods to control them. Technical Resource Documents will be
updated for use by Regional and State agencies for permitting hazardous watt*
facilities and for enforcing applicable regulations.
Laboratory, pilot and full-scale incineration units are being
investigated to determine the performance of a range of thermal treatment
devices. Results are used by permitting officials to evaluate permit requeit*
and to monitor for compliance with performance requirements. Incineration
research will focus on four areas: 1) characterizing performance of existing
thermal technologies; 2) developing methods for compliance monitoring of these
facilities; 3) characterizing products of incomplete combustion and their
formation conditions; and 4) developing methods to predict performance to
avoid process failure and control process reliability. Information ia being
developed for both industrial processes and incinerators to support regulation
of toxic metal emissions, emission of products of incomplete combustion. *nd
for refinement of the destruction removal efficiency rule.
Underground storage tank (UST) research evaluates prevention, detection,
and corrective action technologies to identify cost-effective, reliable
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techniques and equipment for VST*. This research has and will continue to
produce publications on prevention practices, assessment of retrofit
techniques for leaking underground storage tanks, and improvement of emergency
response and remedial corrective action technologies.
The Municipal Innovative Technology Evaluation (MITE) program will
continue. This program is designed to: 1) provide data on innovative
equipment and techniques for managing municipal waste; 2) accelerate early
commercialization of innovative equipment; 3) provide support and credibility
to new techniques and equipment being developed at the bench and pilot-scale;
and 4) develop promising techniques directly where a definite need exists.
The initial emphasis is on demonstration of new or modified equipment
processes or techniques at full or nearly full scale. Major issues associated
with disposal of municipal solid waste to the land will be investigated.
Research on municipal solid waste incinerators will be conducted. The
emphasis will shift from field evaluation of various air pollution control
devices and the assessment of ash utilization and disposal techniques.
Additional research will focus on methods to deal with the air emissions of
metals such as mercury.
ORO will utilize increased resources to provide technical support to the
RCRA corrective action community. This will include refining engineering
treatment technologies developed under the Superfund program and other
existing technologies for use at RCRA correction action sites.
1991 Program
in 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,335,400 supported by
84.9 total workyears for this program, of which $5,008,100 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,327,300 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research is being conducted to evaluate treatment processes for wastes
likely to be restricted from land disposal. New research is being conducted
to define assessment techniques to measure the reduction in quantities of
pollutants produced and to identify potential areas for pollution reduction at
the source. Research is continued on using solar energy to treat; and dispose
of waste.
Major issues associated with disposal of municipal and hazardous waste
to the land continue to be addressed. .Research also characterizes air
emissions from hazardous waste facilities (TSDFs). Technical Resource
Documents are being updated for use by Regional and State agencies. Expert
systems to provide state-of-the-art, cost effective information about the
design, operation, closure and post-closure procedures are being developed and
maintained.
Studies to provide the technical basis for Agency hazardous incineration
policies, regulations, permits, and compliance actions are being conducted.
Fundamental research on products of incomplete combustion and heavy metal
emissions are also being conducted.
Underground storage tank (UST) research evaluates technologies to identify
cost-effective, reliable techniques and equipment for USTs. Research on
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identification and evaluation of reliable leak detection methods for
underground chemical tanka is being completed and the leak detection facility
is being closed.
A new Municipal Innovative Technology Evaluation (MITE) program is
underway. Research on municipal solid waste incineration is being conducted.
Information is being developed for both industrial processes and incinerators
to Support regulations.
CongressionalDirectives; A total of $600,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Solar and Renewable Fuels.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $19,113,200 supported by 85.2
total workyeare for this program, of which $5,257,700 waa from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $13,855,500 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Activities in 1990 included the evaluation of emerging alternative
technologies and initiation of a waste minimization/pollution prevention
program. Emerging technologies for detecting leaks from petroleum and
chemical tank systems were evaluated. Major land disposal issues and various
thermal destruction systems techniques were investigated. An Urban Haste
Management and Research Center was established at the University of Hew
Orleans. The goal of the center is to provide an integrated approach for
solving urban waste problems.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1992 Program .Request
The Agency requests a total of 59,039,300 supported by 51.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,560,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,479,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $173,100 and 1.5
workyears for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $2,391,,900 for the
Research and Development appropriation. The increases are attributed to
additional studies on bioremediation, RCRA corrective action, and oil spills,
and the transfer of aquifer restoration research from the Water Research
Program.
ORD will conduct research on multimedia site assessment models to
support hazardous waste management decisions, methods and data for predicting
subsurface contamination, and procedures and data for evaluating the impacts
of wastes and closure criteria on aquatic habitats and species. Ecological
risk assessment will continue to be emphasized in these studies. The research
will support evaluation of a model describing metals speciation, pursue
performance testing of decision models, develop a predictive model for the
toxicity of chemical mixtures, field evaluate saturated and unsaturated
subsurface contaminant transport models, and evaluate bioavailability, uptake,
and metabolism of hazardous chemicals by plants.
ORD will place new emphasis on developing bioremediation technologies
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specifically applicable to RCRA hazardous wastes. This major program will
complement ongoing studies being conducted for Superfund «ite», but will
emphasize biological treatment of known industrial chemicals rather than of
complex mixtures.
Researchers will develop technique* for assessing potential ecological
risk from oil spills and for evaluating environmental impacts of various
control and response techniques to be used for oil spills in marine and
freshwater environments. Studies will be conducted and techniques evaluated
for the remediation of subsurface contamination of soil* and ground water in
order to improve and expand the array of possible RCRA corrective action
measures. The aquifer restoration research activity, being transferred from
the Water Research Program, supports field evaluations of promising in-eitu
biotransformation techniques to determine the cost-effectiveness of these
methods.
Research supporting the underground storage tanks program will be
conducted to evaluate approaches for corrective actions including techniques
for mobilizing immiscible wastes and techniques for in-situ biological
treatment.
19_91__ Program
In 1991, the Agency ie allocating a total of $6,474,300 supported by
50.0 total workyears for this program, of which $3,387,000 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,087,300 is from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research is being conducted in several major areas to support risk
assessment, contaminant fate and transport prediction, and corrective action
and/or closure activities at hazardous waste sites. Activities include
developing both screening-level and more site—specific multimedia assessment
methods and data for implementing waste management decisions (including
toxicity characteristic/delisting) and evaluating waste management, treatment,
and disposal systems based on potential human health and environmental
impacts. Important environmental processes that govern transport,
transformation, and fate of hazardous wastes in the subsurface ace
investigated. Field-evaluated methods and data to predict concentrations and
to remediate wastes that either escape or are released into the subsurface
environment are being developed. Procedures and data are also being developed
to evaluate waste characteristics and closure criteria for impacts on aquatic
habitats and lifeforms. These methods will be compatible with current OSW
regulatory models and testing procedures for human health risk. Testing and '
field validation is continuing on protocols for determining the biological
hazard associated with contaminated soils, water, and sediments. Research
also continues on the bioavailability, including uptake, translocation, and
metabolism of hazardous chemicals by plants.
Studies continue on determining the applicability and coBt-ef£ectiven«»§
of in-eitu reclamation techniques to unsaturated-zone and ground-water
contamination resulting from leaking underground storage tanks and other
hazardous waste sources.
1990Accomplishments
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In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $7,026,300 supported by SI.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,479,400 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $3,546,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research continued on the development of multimedia Bite assessment
models in support of the RCRA listing/deliating, risk assessment, siting, land
disposal restriction, and corrective action programs. Studies on methods for
characterizing risk of complex wastes, and on methods and data for predicting
subsurface contamination were continued. Increased emphasis was placed on
ecological assessments. Transport models for predicting waste concentrations
in saturated and unsaturated zones in the subsurface were field evaluated, and
progress was made on the development of a model describing speciation of
metals. Bioavailability, uptake, and metabolism of hazardous chemicals by
plants were investigated.
Research and field testing were conducted on biological, physical, and
chemical methods, previously tried at hazardous waste sites, to determine
their cost and applicability to cleanup of pollutants from underground storage
tanks.
'TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1992 Program Bequest
The Agency requests a total of $892,100 supported by .1 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $886,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $6,000 and .1
workyears for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $46,lOO-for the
Research and Development appropriation. The increases are related to the
provision of technical support for RCRA corrective action.
The technical information needs of the Hazardous Waste program will continue
to be addressed by providing handbooks and PC expert systems to State and
local decision makers in such areas as: 1) disposal of residues; 2) selecting
appropriate treatment technologies; and 3} source reduction and recycling.
Additional resources will be applied to the provision of technical information
to the RCRA corrective action community.
1991 Program
The technical information needs of the Hazardous Waste program will
continue to be addressed by providing handbooks and PC expert systems to State
and local decision makers. Although the nature of this work does not change
dramatically, it is a new funding category in 1991. Formerly this activity
was included in the monitoring systems budget.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTERESEARCH
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests $400,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a reduction of 53,150,000. The reduction .3
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attributed to the fact that no resource* are being requested for the Center for
Environmental Management at Tufts University in 1992. Seed money was
originally provided 1983. The Agency believe* that thi* Center i* now fully
established and should seek continued funding on a competitive ba*i* in keeping
with the procea* established to allocated resources to the five competitively
selected Hazardous Research Centers supported by EPA. Other sources of funding
are available from the private sector as well as other governmental sources.
Funding is provided to support continuing activities at the Institute for
Environmental Issues and Policy Assessment, at the Southern University of
Louisiana. The Institute will facilitate the transfer of the new knowledge and
technologies, conduct studies of environmental risk assessment, and facilitate
small and minority business and industry development in the environmental waste
management.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,550,000 supported by no
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The program of work at the Center for Environmental Management is
addressing a. wide variety of research, education and public policy
environmental issues. Several on-going projects will be completed. New
activities related to pollution prevention, international environmental policy
and environmental health policy and education will be initiated.
An Institute for Environmental Issues and Policy Assessment at the Center
for Energy and Environmental Studies was established at the Southern University
of Louisiana. The Institute will focus on technology transfer and research
relating to hazardous waste issues.
ConoreBsional Directives; A total of $400,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Southern University of Louisiana Environmental Issues and
Policy Assessment Institute; A total of $3,150,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of the Center for Environmental Management at Tufts
University. _,.
1990 AccomplishmentB
In 1990, the Agency obligated a.total of $2,435,100 supported by no
workyears, all of which is from the Research and Development appropriation.
These resources funded a program at Tufts to continue funding research
projects on health effects, monitoring systems, alternative technologies, risk
communication and waste minimization.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUSWASTE
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies ...... 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Haste .... 5-29
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ... 5-31
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hater 5-32
Regulations, Guidelines fi Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-34
Financial Assistance .............. ... 5-37
Hazardous Haste Management Financial Assistance to States . . . 5-38
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants .... . , 5-40
Hazardous Haste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-42
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III ...... 5-46
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HAZARDOUS UASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines I Policies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses 117,603.4 $21,560.6 $21.560.6 $23,098.6 $1,538.0
Abatement Control and 535,773.4 $42,754.5 $42,754.5 $45,429.5 $2,675.0
Compliance
TOTAL $53,376.8 $64,315.1 $64,315.1 $68,528.1 $4,213.0
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
Salaries I Expenses $629.7 $848.0 $848.0 $874.6 $26.6
Abatement Control and $2,956.9 $3,073.3 $3,073.3 $3,073.3
Compliance
TOTAL $3,586.6 $3,921.3 $3,921.3 $3,947.9 $26.6
RCRA Regulatory Program
• Office of Water
Salaries I Expenses $2,221.8 $1,820.4 $1,820.4 $1,110.2 -$710.2
Abatement Control and $4,406.5 $3,966.5 $3,966.5 $2,420.5 -$1,546.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,628.3 $5,786.9 $5,786.9 $3,530.7 -$2,256.2
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
Salaries & Expenses $2,938.2 $3,794.4 $3,794.4 $4,107.4 $313.0
Abatement Control and $3,392.3 $4,165.8 $4,165.8 $4,165.8
Compliance
TOTAL $6,330.5 $7,960.2 $7,960.2 $8,273.2 $313.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $23,393.1 $28,023.4 $28,023.6 $29,190.8 $1,167.4
Abatement Control and $46,529.1 $53,960.1 $53,960.1 $55,089.1 $1,129.0
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $69,922.2 $81,983.5 $81,983.5 $84,279.9 $2,296.4
Regulations,
Guidelines I Policies
PERMANENT UORXYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 232.6 266.3 266.3 271.3 5.0
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program 11.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 0.0
- Office of Air and
Radiation
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Maste Management Regulation*, Guidelines fc Policies
ACTUAL EMACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS)
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Mater
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
45.3 37.6 37.6 20.5 -17.1
50.4 63.9 63.9 66.4
2.5
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
339.3 380.8 380.8 371.2
-9.6
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
£ Policies-Hazardous
Waste
240.2 266.3 266.3 271.3
5.0
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
11.5 13.0 13.0 13.0
0.0
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Mater
46.2 38.4 38.4 20.5 -17.9
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
55.6 66.4 66.4 66.4
0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
353.5 384.1 384.1 371.2 -12.9
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $84,279,900 and 371.2 total workyears for
1992, an increase of $2,296,400 and a decrease of 12.9 total workyeara from 1991.
Of the request, $29,190,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $55,089,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represent a an increase pf $1,167,400 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and an increase of $1,129,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The decrease in workyears represents shifting
resources from RCRA Hazardous Waste regulations to Water Quality permits and
enforcement programs.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES P..JIJ^n]^^ICIES ~- H^ZARPjQ^S. WASTE
1 9 .9 2_PgQqr am Rogue st
The Agency requests a total of $68,528,100 and 271.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $23,098,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $45,429,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,538,000 for Salaries and
Expenses, $2,675,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 5.0 total
workyears from the 1991 levels. The increase in total workyears and Abatement,
Control and Compliance supports the RCRA component of the Agency's Environmental
Data Initiative and the reevaluation of certain RCRA regulations. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects the increase in workyears and increased
personnel and support costs.
In 1992, the Agency will continue the development and promulgation of major
regulations, most of which are dictated by statutory mandates and court orders.
Included among these are HSWA mandated waste listings. The Agency will
significantly amend the universe of wastes regulated under Subtitle C with the
promulgation of listings for azo dyes, linuron, bromicil, chlorinated aromatics,
coke by-products, and solvents. In addition, EPA will begin to address the need
for better waste management data through the development of an environmental data
initiative. Finally, the Agency will propose land disposal restrictions for
newly-listed wastes, and guidelines for mixed waste.
The Agency will continue its pollution prevention efforts by coordinating
waste minimization activities, providing technical assistance, conducting a
recycling campaign for public media, proposing national procurement guidelines,
and redefining solid waste. International partnership will remain a high item
on the Agency agenda with the proposal of the hazardous waste export rule.
The Agency will continue efforts to address non-hazardous (Subtitle D)
waste issues by serving as a technical clearinghouse for management information,
options, and guidelines. The Agency will also propose a used oil listing and
used oil management standards. States' assistance in the development of solid
waste management plans and production of non-hazardous waste guidelines will
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continue, EPA will promulgate a rule for the authorization of Indian Tribes, and
continue to provide assistance to states and Regions in working with Indian
Tribes on non-hazardous waste issues. In addition, the Agency will promulgate
a rule for state program approval under Subtitle D.
The Agency will continue to develop and disseminate to Regional and state
permit writers technical guidance on new regulations, including guidance for
state programs, corrective action, waste combustion, and post-closure and clean
closure.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $64,315,100 and 266.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $21,560,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $42,754,500 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to develop and promulgate major regulations
required by HSWA. A regulation revising hazardous waste facility location
standards will be proposed. Regulations to list primary treatment sludge from
petroleum refining processes, and wastes from wood preserving and surface
protection industries will be finalized. The Agency will address the growing
national concern over waste combustion by finalizing a rule for burning hazardous
waste in boilers and industrial furnaces, and issuing mixed waste combustion
guidance.
The Agency serves as a source for non-hazardous waste management
information, options, and guidelines. Activities include developing and
disseminating technical and general guidance to assist states, local governments,
and citizens in implementing recycling and source reduction programs. The Agency
is developing large volume waste management strategies and programs. The Agency
will continue its medical waste efforts by producing an interim report to
Congress, and providing technical support, training, and outreach assistance to
states involved with the medical waste tracking demonstration program.
The Agency continues to process HSWA authorization packages, and develop
and disseminate to Regional and state permit writers technical guidance on new
regulations, including procurement, corrective action, mixed waste guidelines,
and a permit policy compendium.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,325,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects of a scrap tire recycling demonstration project in New Jersey,
a New Jersey recycling demonstration project, a waste management testing training
program at St. Vincent College (Latrobe, PA), and a computerized waste exchange
network project.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $53,376,800 supported by 240.;
total workyears for this program, of which $17,603,400 was from the Salaries anc
Expenses appropriation and $35,773,400 was from the Abatement, Control «nc
Compliance appropriation.
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The Agency addressed important HSWA and non-HSWA regulatory revi«iona.
Treatment standards for the Third Third of the wastes scheduled for the Land
Disposal Restrictions program were completed and work began on the land disposal
restrictions for newly-listed wastes. The Agency amended the universe of wastes
subject to Subtitle C management standards by promulgating listings for
chlorinated aliphatic a and methyl bromide, proposing a rule to regulate the
burning of hazardous waste in boilers and industrial furnaces, and clarifying the
status of mineral processing wastes. In addition, the Agency finalized the
Organic Toxicity Characteristic, increasing the number of wastes regulated as
hazardous.
/
The Agency continued to develop a nationwide program for the safe
management of non-hazardous wastes. In support of pollution prevention
objectives, the Agency provided assistance and information to government,
industry, and consumers to foster increased recycling and source reduction. The
Agency produced three Reports to Congress; Special Wastes from Mineral
Processing, Methods to Manage and Control Plastic Waste, and Medical Waste
Management in the United States (First Interim Report) .
REGULATIONS, gUJjOE^IHESj,. AND POLICIES - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1 99 2 P r og ram Regue e_t
The Agency requests a total of $3,947,900 supported by 13.0 total workyeara
for this program, of which $874.6 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,073,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $26,600 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1991.
In 1992 the program will continue to support the promulgation of
regulations for organic emissions from the seven types of hazardous waste
treatment storage and disposal facility (TSDF) area sources. These types of
sources include: surface impoundments, landfills, wastewater treatment tanks,
waste piles, land treatment facilities, pretreatment facilities, and transfer
operations. Some sources will require additional regulations to control
emissions of specific toxic constituents that will not be covered by the 1992
rule. Resources will be provided for data collection to promulgate regulations
for theae toxic pollutants in a future year. This program will also provide
technical support for states and EPA Regional offices in implementing the TSDF
regu 1 at ions . .
1991 Program.
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,921,300 supported by 13.0
total workyears to this program, of which $848,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,073,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 efforts are continuing on the development of standards for the
seven types of T5DP area sources listed above. These sources have been estimated
to emit 2.0 million tons per year of volatile organic compounds and toxie air
pollutants. Toxic emissions from TSDFs have been associated with up to 140
cancer deaths per year. Standards have been promulgated for equipment leaks at
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these facilities. Workshops to provide technical support for states and EPA
Regional offices in implementing the TSDF regulations promulgated in 1990 will
be held in eight cities in 1991. Proposal of additional regulations for all
other sources is currently scheduled for early 1991. Additional work on
developing regulations for individual hazardous air pollutants from TSDFs will
be continued in 1991.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $3,586,600 supported by 11.5 total
workyears, of which $629,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,956,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 standards for volatile organic emissions from equipment leaks and
waste solvent recovery process venta at TSDFa were promulgated under RCRA.
Workshops to provide technical support for states and EPA Regional offices in
implementing the TSDF regulations were developed. Workshops were held in
Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Boston, Massachusetts during 1990.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES—• WftfER
1992 Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $3,530,700 supported by 20 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,110,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,420,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $710,200 in Salaries and
Expenses, a decrease of $1,546,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and a
decrease of 18 workyears. The decreases reflect a reduction in the number of
publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) requiring corrective action, completion
of the double-liner waiver assessment, a decline in the level of oversight nead*d
to review facility exemption petitions, and a resulting decline in personnel and
Buppoort costs.
In 1992, information gathering and sampling of specific Domestic Sewag*
Study (DSS) industries will continue. The Agency will continue to develop
effluent limitations, guidelines and standards for the machinery .manufacturing
and rebuilding category, as well as the coastal and offshore segments of th« oil
and gas extraction category. EPA will continue to provide assistance on
additional local limits, particularly in relation to new sludge technical
regulations and on POTW enforcement response plans, and will continue development
of analytical methods and analytical service support.
The Regions will increase oversight of State-issued UIC Permits and
litigation defense to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and
protection of public health and the environment. Defense against litigation
challenging prior approvals or denials of petitions will be a continuing
workload.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,786,900 supported by 28
total workyears for this program, of which $1,820,400 is from the Salari*i and
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Expenses appropriation and $3,966,500 IB front the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
One of the Agency's major pollution prevention activities is improving the
pretreatment program for controlling hazardous wastes from industrial users of
POTWs. Information gathering and sampling of specific industries, analytical
methods development and analytical service support is continuing.
The Agency ia continuing to develop effluent limitations, guidelines and
standards for several industries. EPA has issued technical guidance and provided
assistance on additional local limits, particularly in relation to new sludge
technical regulations and on POTW enforcement response plans.
Regions and states are revising POTW permits to include requirements for
spill prevention plans, sewage sludge, whole effluent toxicity screening or
testing and modification of pretreatment program implementation. EPA and states
have continued pretreatment audits and inspections of POTWs and review and
approval of new local limits for controlling hazardous pollutants in discharges
and sludges. EPA has completed issuance of rider permits to incorporate follow-
up actions where necessary. EPA is assessing compliance and has taken
enforcement action to ensure reporting requirements and other RCRA permit-by-rule
requirements are satisfied. Work is continuing on the completion of ongoing RCRA
facility assessments and remedial investigations.
The Regions continue to review new petitions and those carried over from
1990. Petitions are expected from the following types of facilities $ those
injecting previously excluded mining wastes (Bevill wastes); those injecting
wastes classified as hazardous under the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure,
including modifications for those with previously approved petitions; and any new
facilities wishing to inject hazardous wastes* Defense against litigation
challenging prior approvals or denials of petitions is a continuing workload.
In addition, the Regions continue to review permit applications for Class
I wells in direct-implement at ion States and are increasing their oversight of UIC
permits issued by primacy States to ensure that these requirements are fully
implemented. A corrective action program is being implemented for Class I
hazardous waste injection wells including assessments of prior continuing
releases.
1990 Accomplishments
- In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,628,300 supported by 45 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,221,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses and $4,406,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriations.
The Agency continued gathering information and sampling specific DSS
industries. Wastewaters were screened and analyzed for hazardous constituents.
The Agency continued development of effluent limitations, guidelines and
standards for several DSS industries (hazardous waste treatment, Pharmaceuticals
manufacturing, etc.). The Agency formulated guidance and tracking, overseeing
and assisting the new specific discharge prohibitions, including
ignitability/explosivity and reactivity/fume toxicity. The Agency also
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established hazardous waste discharge notification improvements, numerical
discharge limits or other controls to protect workers' health and safety.
EPA continued to implement the corrective action requirements for a small
number of POTWs and focused on control of hazardous and toxic pollutants through
implementation of recommendations from the DSS. Pretreatment audits and
inspections focus on identification of POTW corrective action requirements and
appropriate follow-up assessments and investigations continued.
Headquarters continued to develop guidance and provided technical advice
and assistance .for regions and states in the implementation of hazardous waste
disposal restrictions, reviewing facility petitions and enforcing the loss of
facility interim status.
EPA reviewed petitions and revised or modified hazardous waste injection
well permits from those operators of hazardous waste injection wells seeking
exemptions from the injection ban. The Agency provided technical assistance in
developing geologic data. Modeling of waste fate and transport was under
development. Regional UIC permit writers conducted corrective action
investigations for Class I hazardous waste wells, giving priority to wells with
permits issued after November, 1984, and without schedules for corrective action.
Regions also continued to review petitions from operators of hazardous waste
injection wells seeking exemptions from the injection ban under Part 148.
REGyL&TIQMS^r..g.yLI.DEJfIMESA. ..... ANR ..... gQMCIES. -.- UWPERGROUNP STORAGE ...... fANft? (UST)
1992 Program
The Agency requests a total of $8,273,200 supported by 66.4 total workyeare
for this program of which $4,107,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,165,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $313,000 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to support increased personnel costs. A shift of
resources from regulation development to implementation will provide support for
states and Indian tribes.
The Agency will implement a national program by ensuring that states
continue to work toward meeting the conditions for program approval. The number
of state programs receiving Federal approval will increase as they complete the
legislative and regulatory changes required to ensure their programs are no leas
stringent than the Federal program, and as they develop adequate enforcement
authorities and capacity. For states not yet applying for program approval, the
Agency will continue to assist in the development of their UST programs.
The Agency will increase outreach and provide compliance and enforcement
assistance to tribal leaders and owner/operators with tanks on Indian lands.
Outreach efforts will be enhanced to promote voluntary compliance through
education of the public and the regulated community.
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1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,960,200 supported by 66.4 workyears
of which 3,794,400 i« from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,165,800
is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The basic approach to accomplishing the environmental goals of the VST
program is to develop, support, and improve state and local programs ~ where
day-to-day implementation of the program occurs. The Agency's mission is to help
implement the program more effectively by promoting more streamlined, cost
effective methods and procedures. As the technical and leak detection
regulations phase in during this fiscal year, the Agency will focus its efforts
on assessing compliance with the first phase-in group. To facilitate compliance,
the Agency is developing standard test procedures for leak detection equipment
that will allow tank owners to choose equipment that meets EFA requirements. A
nationwide marketing campaign is being conducted to promote resource efficient
methods for states to monitor owner/operator compliance and to take enforcement
actions against violators. Videos on installation and tank closures have been
completed, and a video On conducting UST inspections and an interactive training
video program have been started.
The Agency is continuing to support state regulation development and is
encouraging states to apply for program approval. The Agency is also helping
states manage their increasing workload by providing technical advice on state
data management information systems.
The Agency is working with owner/operators and municipalities to meet the
Federal financial responsibility requirements by assisting municipalities in
their efforts to provide guarantees to local owner/operators and by assisting
states in developing state assurance programs and loan funds. The loan program
would be used by tank owners to upgrade or replace their tanks, preventing many
leaks from ever occurring. The assurance programs help owner/operators to meet
their financial responsibility requirements. EPA is reviewing state funds as
they are submitted.
1990 ftccomplishments
/•
In 1990, the Agency has obligated $6,330,500 supported by 55.6 workyeara,
of which §2,938,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,39,2,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency issued final regulations on corrective action, leak detection,
and technical performance standards for new and existing tanks that contain
petroleum products and hazardous substances, as well as regulations on meeting
the financial responsibility requirements. The Agency developed supplemental
policies and guidance on the processes and requirements for state regulatory
program authorization.
The Agency negotiated UST grants with all States and provided technical
assistance and guidance for implementation and enforcement.
Developmental tools such as videos demonstrating correct procedures far
tank installations and closure were finalized and distributed. Several brochur««
such as Straight Talk on Tanks. Field Measurements; Dependable Data When You
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It. Commitment to Cooperation; Franchising the UST Program and a series of 7
document* outlining leak detection methods were developed and distributed.
The Agency provided on-going support and services to state programs.
States needs were identified through analysis of state processes using Total
Quality Management techniques. As a result of these studies, the Agency
continued to assist the states to improve their performance in specific areas
such as tank inspections, closures, enforcement, and the administrative tasks of
regulating thousands of tanks. The Agency also assisted the states in developing
communication tools such as the File Transfer System - a computer technology used
in transferring documents from the Region to Headquarters and States and vice
versa.
The Agency's enforcement strategy emphasized voluntary compliance but also
promoted innovative techniques to achieve successful enforcement action when
required. A penalty policy was completed to ensure consistent application of
penalties in federal enforcement cases.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $8,954.8 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL (8,954.8 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $68,403.5 $82,967.0 $82,967.0 $90,292.0 $7,325.0
Compliance
TOTAL $68.403.5 $82,967.0 $82,967.0 $90,292.0 $7,325.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $77,358.3 $91,967.0 $91,967.0 $99,292.0 $7,325.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $77,358.3 $91,967.0 $91,967.0 $99,292.0 $7,325.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Recruen'fc
The Agency requests a total of $99,292,000 for this program for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$7,325,000 from the level provided in 1991.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAlLjVSSISTANCE TOUgTATSS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $90,292,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $7,325,000 to support the expanded workload associated with the
increasing RCRA handler universe, and the Agency's Great Lakes and Pollution
Prevention initiatives.
In 1992, the Agency will provide funding to assist the states in their
continued efforts to develop legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence
with the Federal hazardous waste management program. Almost all states will be
authorized for the base RCRA program and will develop the capability to adopt
corrective action and other provisions of HSWA.
The Regions will continue working with states to address environmentally
significant facilities. Increased resources are provided for processing post-
closure permits for land disposal facilities in order to ensure monitoring and
other post-closure requirements, and to address potential contamination at these
facilities. The Regions will target permitting at the most environmentally
significant storage and treatment facilities. Resources are provided for the
Regions to work with states to maintain hazardous waste disposal and incineration
capacity by permitting environmentally sound new facilities. The states will
process modifications to operating permits, which will need revisions due to
changes in facility processes, facility expansions, and the need too incorporate
corrective action provisions as remediation activities progress. The states will
continue to review and approve closure plans for incinerators and storage and
treatment facilities, and will process appeals to permit decisions, as necessary.
The states will conduct the bulk of the compliance monitoring inspections
and will place greater emphasis on conducting inspections of new RCRA handlers
resulting from new rules and listings. The new rules and listings include the
organic toxicity characteristic and hazardous waste fuel rules, as well as the
mixed waste, and wood preserving listings. The states within the Great Lakes
Basin will conduct intensified inspections and initiate enforcement and
corrective action when appropriate.
The Agency and the states will implement an integrated RCRA enforcement
pollution prevention program which will include conducting targeted inspections
of generators, initiating searches of facilities operating illegally outside the
RCRA system, as well as integrating pollution prevention conditions into
enforcement settlements where possible.
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The states will continue to place increased emphasis on addressing the worst
facilities by completing facility assessments and implementing national
prioritization criteria. Long-term corrective measures will continue where
already imposed, but the focus will be on facilities posing the most significant
threat to human health and the environment. Where appropriate, facility
stabilization will be encouraged.
Information management resources will continue to fund national
implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System
(RCRIS), the hazardous waste data management system that will greatly expand the
states' and EPA's ability to input and retrieve information critical to
successful program management.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §82,967,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States are required to amend their programs to incorporate the provisions
of RCRA and HSWA. The states are proposing legislation and upgrading regulations
to achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program, and
are applying to EPA for authorization to administer the program.
Permitting efforts have been directed toward permitting environmentally
significant storage and treatment facilities, and toward processing modifications
to existing permits. The states are emphasizing compliance monitoring and
enforcement efforts to ensure adequate environmental safeguards covering the
generation, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste. To emphasize the
implementation of the land ban restrictions, states will increase the number of
inspections and the level of oversight activity at small quantity generators and
other affected facilities. The states are conducting facility assessments to
ensure that corrective action activities are focused on those facilities that
offer the greatest risk reduction. As releases are identified, states are
ensuring that owners/operators address the contamination.
1990 Accomplishments
/•
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of S68,403,500 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, states developed legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence
with the Federal hazardous waste management program. States were granted
authority to administer important HSWA regulations. The states and Regions
worked jointly on processing permits for those HSWA provisions for which states
were not authorized, particularly corrective action.
As required, states conducted biennial ..inspections at all operating land
disposal facilities, and at closed land disposal and operating storage and
treatment facilities. Enforcement actions were taken against handlers that
presented the greatest threat to human health and the environment.
The states placed increased emphasis on conducting facility assessments to
ensure that the most environmentally significant facilities were addressed first*
The states focused their corrective action resources to ensure that
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owners/operators conducted facility investigations in compliance with the teems
of permits or orders. The states placed priority on new facility investigations
at environmentally significant closing and closed facilities, as well as at
permitted facilities.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
no change from 1991.
This request provides states with a funding base to develop and implement
their underground storage tanks (UST) programs. States who have completed the
necessary legislative and regulatory changes will apply for state program
approval. Concurrently, these states will build program capabilities to enable
them to administer the entire Federal program. Other states will continue to
develop and update their legislative and regulatory standards, including
technical standards and leak detection, financial responsibility, and corrective
action requirements. In addition, states will continue to work on achieving
compliance with tank closure and pressurized piping requirements.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $9,000,000 all of which is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States use these grant funds for core program development with a focus on
the development of an effective prevention program. Funded activities include
development of notification and data systems, as well as requirements for hew
tank installation, leak detection, and tank closure. States are currently
implementing portions of the federal regulations.
To supplement Federal funds, some states have developed independent funding
sources'from tank fees, state taxes, and gasoline taxes; other funding mechanisms
are still in the process of development. Independent funding is essential to the
success of state prevention programs as UST grant funds provide only "need money"
of about $162,000 per state.
The phase-in of the financial responsibility and leak detection regulations
will continue to increase the states' workload as USTs that are unable to meet
applicable requirements must be either upgraded or closed. The states will
process and/or review all upgrades and closures.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $8,954,800 for this program, all of which wai
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UST grant funds were used primarily to stimulate development of state VST
programs. Most states have initiated legislative and regulatory change*
necessary for the state program to be no lees stringent than Federal standard!.
Eleven states completed this process in 1990 and began the state program approval
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process. In addition, many states made significant strides in developing their
compliance and enforcement programs.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Watte Management Strategies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management'Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $16,159.4 S19.956.0 $19,955.8 $22,251.8 $2,296.0
Abatement Control and $9,988.5 $11,599.7 $11,599.7 $11,599.7
Compliance
TOTAL $26,147.9 $31,555.7 $11,555,5 $33,851.5 $2,296.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,159.4 $19,956.0 $19,955.8 $22,251.8 $2,296.0
Abatement Control and $9,988.5 $11,599.7 $11,599.7 $11,599.7
Compliance
yaste Management TOTAL $26,147.9 $31,555,7 $31,555,5 $33,851.5 $2,296.0
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WOfiKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 331.7 391.1 391.1 418.1 27.0
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WQRKYEARS 331.7 391.1 391.1 41S.1 27.0
TOTAL UORCfEARS
Hazardous Mast* 352.3 418.1 418.1 418.1 0.0
Management Regulatory
Strategies
implementation
TOTAL UOSKYEARS 352.3 418.1 418.1 418.1 , 0,0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,851,500 supported by 418.1 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $2,296,000 from 1991. Of the request,
$22,251,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $11,599,700
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The $2,296,000
increase will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
HAIARDOUS. WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,851,500 and 418.1 total workyears for
this program, of which $22,251,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,599,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,296,000 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992.
The Regions will continue to encourage states to develop and maintain
hazardous waste management programs. This support from the Regions, along with
funding available to the states through the Hazardous Haste Management Financial
Assistance program, is designed to develop state capability to effectively manage
hazardous waste programs. Almost all states will be authorized for the pre-HSWA
program and will be working toward authorization for HSWA provisions such as
corrective action.
The Regions will continue working with states to address environmentally
significant facilities. Resources are provided to continue increasing the
emphasis on processing post-closure permits for land disposal facilities in order
to ensure that monitoring and other post-closure requirements are, adhered to, and
to address potential contamination at these facilities. The Regions will target
permitting at the most environmentally significant storage and treatment
facilities. Resources are provided for the Regions to work with states to
maintain hazardous waste disposal and incineration capacity by permitting
environmentally sound new facilities. The Regions will-continue to process
modifications to operating permits, which will need revisions due to changes in
facility processes, facility expansions, and the need to incorporate corrective
action provisions as cleanup activities progress. The Regions will continue to
review and approve closure plans for hazardous waste facilities and will process
appeals to permit decisions as necessary.
The Regions will conduct municipal non-hazardous waste (Subtitle D)
activities. The Regions will provide technical and financial support to states
and other eligible organizations, such as municipalities and universities, that
are interested in pursuing unique projects that will support the recycling and
source reduction goals of the Agency's Agenda for Action. The Agency will assist
states as they revise statutes and regulations in accordance with the new
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national Subtitle D criteria, and will review Stata program revision packages.
Large volume waste will be addressed through targeted cooperative agreements with
states. Resources will fund investigations of state mining waste and oil and gas
production waste programs in order to develop nationally consistent regulatory
special waste programs.
Information management resources will fund implementation of the RCRA
Information System (RCRIS), the hazardous waste data management system that will
greatly expand EPA'a and the states' ability to enter and retrieve information
critical to successful program management.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $31,555,500 and 418.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,955,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,599,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
. Permitting efforts are focused on ensuring adequate post-closure care of
land disposal facility closure plans in 1991, as well as processing
environmentally significant storage and treatment facility permits.
The Regions are working jointly with the states on all aspects of the.
hazardous waste program. The Regions process those portions of permits for which
states are not yet authorized, and are providing technical oversight of state
work. The Regions are supporting the enhancement of state capability by
providing assistance with state regulatory and legislative development. This
provides a framework for ensuring national program consistency and will
ultimately allow states to run the hazardous waste program independently. The
Regions are working with states and other organizations, through technical and
financial assistance, to implement the recommendations of the Agency's solid
waste Agenda for Act ion.
1990 Accpmpl i.ehmgnt.g
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $26,147,900 supported by 352.3
total workyears for this program, of which $16,159,400 was from thp Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,988,500 from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990, the Regions supported the states in the development of hazardous
waste management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With 47 states
authorized for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency focused on oversight and
technical support activities. The Regions provided technical assistance to the
states as they developed legislation and regulations consistent with the
provisions of HSWA and with regulatory revisions to the Federal base program.
The Regions and non-authorized states worked together to process permit
applications with HSWA provisions. Achievements included processing the
remainder of incineration facility permits subject to the November 1989 deadline.
Other important efforts included increasing the processing of
environmentally-significant storage and treatment facility permits and increasing
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emphasis on issuing permits to ensure adequate poet-closure care of land disposal
facilities.
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HAZARDOUS UASTE
Emergency Planning CoMunity Right To Know
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning
Conmunity Right To Know
Salaries & Expenses SI,890.3 $2,801.9 $2,801.9 $4,698.6 $1,896.7
Abatement Control and 14,733.0 $4,438.0 $4,438.0 S3,938.0 -S500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,623.3 $7,239.9 17,239.9 $8,636.6 SI,396.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,890.3 $2,801.9 $2,801.9 $4,698.6 $1,896.7
Abatement Control and $4,733.0 $4,438.0 $4,438.0 $3,938.0 -$500.0
Compliance
Emergency Planning TOTAL $6,623.3 $7,239.9 $7,239.9 $8,636.6 $1,396.7
Community Right To
Know
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning 30.9 41.8 41.8 57,5 15.7
Community Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 30.9 41.8 41.8 57.5 15.7 . •?'
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Emergency Planning 32.6 44.5 44.5 57.5 13.0
Conmunity Right To Know
TOTAL UORKYEARS 32.6 44.5 44.5 57.5 13.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
and clean Air Act ~- Accidental Release Provisions
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,636,600 supported by 57.5 total workyears
for 1992. Of the request, $6,146,300 and 44.5 workyears will be for the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know program. Of the $6,146,300,
$3,208,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,938,000
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These levels
represent a total decrease of $1,093,600 for this program. A total of $2,490,300
supported by 13.0 total workyears will be for implementation of the Clean Air Act
Accidental Release Provisions. Of the $2,490,300, $1,490,300 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,000,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. 1992 is the first year the Agency is
requesting resources for implementation of these Clean Air Act provisions.
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW—- TITLE III
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,146,300 supported by 44.5 total
workyears for 1992. Of the request, $3,208,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. These levels represent a total decrease of $1,093,600
from 1991. The decrease in dollars will come from the area of emergency planning
support (technical assistance, training, and guidance) to the states.
The Agency will continue to focus on building the infrastructure of state
and local governments to assist in their efforts to implement the emergency
preparedness program. The program will assist state and local government* in
updating and improving their emergency response plans, tn addition, support will
be provided to update emergency planning guidance, review and modify instructor
training programs for state and local groups, develop and present workshops on
chemical hazard analysis, and develop simulation exercises to test emergency
response plans. EPA will also develop guidance and assist states in organn^r.g
and utilizing hazardous chemical information received from reporting facility**,
as well aa provide tools and materials to enable the public to better understand
the risks involved with hazardous chemicals.
Chemical emergency planning requires a cooperative effort between state a".J
local governments working in partnership with industry and the Federal
government. Therefore, the Agency will concentrate on enhancing relational1*.?•
with public and private sector organizations such as the National Governor*"
Association, International City Management Association and the Chwnicai
Manufacturers' Association. The program will also work to build and strengthen
the participation of the American Red Cross, fire service organizations, as ••»*;
as medical and public health officials. Participation by each member of * *.*
partnership is essential if full compliance with the reporting requirements *-l
involvement of the community is to be achieved.
\
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investigation of violations of the emergency release notification provisions,
inventory reporting, and Material Safety Data Sheet submission*, and expects to
complete more administrative penalty cases against violators of these
requirements .
The Agency is also providing direct support to states and local communities
in their efforts to implement the Title III program. While most of the
designated planning districts have submitted their initial emergency response
plans, they are in varying stages of the implementation process. EPA is
providing states and priority area communities with guidance, technical
assistance and training to review, test and update their plans. For those
communities that do not yet have emergency response plans, EPA is working with
them to achieve compliance.
EPA continues to evaluate chemicals against the criteria of the extremely
hazardous substances (EHS) list and is currently reviewing petitions to delete
chemicals. The Agency is also completing a final rule to consider additions to
the EHS list based upon the physical hazards posed by a chemical. EPA continues
to receive, process and evaluate Title III trade secrecy claims.
..... Direct i,veg.. A total of 7.5 workyears and $1,500,000 is for
implementing the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, including
emergency planning provisions.
In response to this directive, the Agency is focusing on building the
infrastructure state and local governments require to take ownership and
implement the emergency preparedness program. A significantly increased level
of emergency planning technical assistance and training will be provided to
assist states and local communities in: 1) developingr testing and improving
their emergency response plans. The program will review and update tools and
materials, such ae emergency planning guidance and instructor training programs;
2) conducting hazards analysis to identify a community's chemical hazards and its
vulnerability to harm if a release occurs; 3) providing information management
to assist states and local governments in organizing and utilizing hazardous
chemical information received from facilities; 4) communicating to the public
about the risks involved in the presence of chemicals in their communities; and
5} building state enforcement capabilities.
To complement these efforts, the program is also initiating a program to
help states enhance the capabilities of their Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCB), The program will provide assistance to states and Indian Tribes to
develop projects in such areas as hazards analysis, emergency plan testing,
information management, enforcement/compliance and risk communication. Results
of these projects will serve as a model for use by other states and LEPCs in
implementing the Title III program.
1990 Accomplishmente
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,623,300 and 32.6 total
workyears for this program, of which SI, 890, 300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,733,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, EPA developed and implemented an emergency planning initiative
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In 1992, the Agency will continue to foster a coordinated enforcement
effort between EPA and the States as more formal, information-sharing
capabilities and enforcement referral protocols are developed. The program will
develop internal guidance on conducting investigations, develop targeting
information to identify facilities that may have regulated chemicals present, and
provide states with information on prospective violators identified through
Agency databases.
CLEAN AIR ACT — ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PROVISIONS
The Agency requests a total of $2,490,300 supported by 13.0 total workyears
for 1992. Of the request,, $1,490,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Resources will be used to begin the regulatory development process for
meeting statutory deadlines of the Clean Air Act accident release provisions.
In 1992, the program will focus on five objectives. First, the Agency will
develop a list of hazardous chemicals (and associated thresholds) that upon
accidental release risk seriously affecting the general public and the
environment. Efforts will be made to determine which chemicals should be listed
to meet criteria set forth in the legislation using existing lists and
approaches. Once the criteria for formulating the list is prepared,
methodologies for establishing a threshold quantity for each substance will be
reviewed. In addition, a process will be developed for responding to petitions
for additions and deletions to the list.
Second, the Agency will develop regulations addressing requirements for
owners and operators of facilities to develop risk management plans, coordinating
Agency activities with OSHA, developing guidance, and evaluating regulatory
impacts. The program will also develop procedures for registration, audit and
review of plans. Third, the Agency will provide support and establish liaison
with the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board after it has been
established. EPA will begin to formulate procedures and processes for assisting
Board startup and coordinating and assisting the Board in investigating
accidents.
Fourth, the Agency will conduct a hydrofluoric acid study and develop
required regulations either for converting to an alternative, or for preventing
accidental releases. Finally, the Agency will develop the expertise of States
and local entities who will be required to receive and review information from
regulated facilities. In addition, the program will administer a General Duty
clause and will coordinate with the Office of Air and Radiation on state program
implementation and grants.
199.1 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,239,900 supported by 44.5
workyears, of which $2,801,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,438,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the Agency is focusing efforts on the increasing needs of state
and local governments as they incorporate Title III enforcement functions into
their institutional structure. For its part, EPA is stepping up it a
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that provided assistance to states and local communities to strengthen the
capabilities and operation of LEPCs. The program also introduced an automated
information management system to help local communities manage Title III
information and use computerized hazards analysis to address the extremely
hazardous substances reported under the law. In addition, the Agency published
an advisory for states and local governments on chlorine in swimming pools and
presented regional training on hazards analysis,
In the regulatory area, EFA issued final regulations for implementing the
Title III Indian program and established reporting threshold quantities for the
community right-to-know sections of the law. The Agency also published an
advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to establish criteria for adding chemicals
to the extremely hazardous substance list.
In 1990, the enforcement program made significant strides. The first
nationwide Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know enforcement planning
meeting was held. A number of enforcement support documents were developed
including model enforcement pleadings, a penalty policy, inspection targeting
data, and an enforcement manual. The Regions issued 31 Administrative complaints
with proposed penalties in excess of $2.7 million. The number of complaints
issued in 1990 represents a 180% increase over 1989. The EPCRA/CERCLA S103
program also conducted a. nationwide enforcement initiative in which each EPA
Region participated.
5-50
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZ&RDOPS WAST1
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement ........... 5-51
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Uaste Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $21,285.4 $27,659.8 127,659.5 $31,464.8 $3,805.3
Abatement Control and $20,027.8 $31,426.7 $31,426.7 $32,634.7 $1,208.0
Compliance
TOTAL $41,313.2 $59,086.5 $59,086.2 $64,099.5 $5,013.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $21,285.4 $27,659.8 $27,659.5 $31,464.8 $3,805.3
Abatement Control and $20,027.8 $31,426.7 $31,426.7 $32,634.7 $1,208.0
Carpi iance
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $41,313.2 $59,086.5 $59,086.2 $64,099.5 $5,013.3
Enforcement
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
Hazardous Uaste 428.3 549.8 549.8 594.0 44.2
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 428.3 549.8 549.8 594.0 44.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 447.5 574.0 574.0 594.0 20.0
Enforcement <
TOTAL UORKYEARS 447.S 574.0 574.0 594.0 20.0
5-51
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Haste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $64,099,500 supported by 594.0 total
workyears for 1992 of which $31,464,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $32,634,700 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,805,300 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $1,208,000 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, and 20.0 total workyears over 1991 levels.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $64,099,500 supported by 594.0 total
workyears of which $31,464,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $32,634,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,805,300 for Salaries and
Expenses, $1,208,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 20.0 total
workyears over 1991 levels. The increase in dollars and total workyears will
support the expanded workload associated with the increasing RCRA handler
universe, and the Agency's Great Lakes and pollution prevention initiatives.
The Agency will increase its emphasis on addressing the facilities posing
the greatest risks to the environment and human health by completing facility
assessments and implementation of national corrective action criteria. The
Agency will continue to implement the corrective action stabilization strategy.
Long-term corrective measures will continue where already imposed, but the focui
will be on stabilizing those facilities posing the most significant threat.
The Agency will emphasize inspecting new RCRA handlers resulting from n*w
listings and rules. This will send a strong message to potential violators that
the new regulations will be enforced vigorously. The new rules and listings
include the organic toxicity characteristic and hazardous waste fuel rule*, a«
well as the mixed waste, and wood preserving listings.
The Agency will implement an integrated RCRA enforcement pollution
prevention program which will include conducting targeted inspections -f
generators and initiating searches of facilities operating illegally outside the
RCRA system. Where possible, settlements of enforcement actions taken a« *
result of violations discovered during generator and non-notifier inspectioni,
as well as other enforcement actions, will integrate pollution prevention
conditions.
Resources will be dedicated to the development of remedial action plans f =r
more than 30 critical sites in the Great Lakes Basin. The affected Regions will.
in coordination with the Office of Water and the Office of Enforcement, conduct
intensified inspections and initiate appropriate administrative and
5-52
-------
enforcement as necessary. Corrective action, either through enforcement or
permits, will be imposed at the most environmentally-significant facilities.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Inspector Training
Institute will continue to provide training to ensure a consistent inspection
program. Training in 1992 will be conducted on the air emissions rule and
incinerator regulations,
1991 Program
In 199.1, the Agency is allocating a total of $59,086,200 supported by 574.0
total workyears, of which $27,659,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $31,426,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Consistent with the RCRA Implementation Study (RIS}, the Agency is
developing a facility stabilization strategy that will control or abate imminent
threats to human health and the environment from releases at RCRA facilities
while long-term remedies are pursued. The Agency will continue to address
environmentally significant facilities through oversight of owner/operator
response actions. Emphasis will continue to be placed on conducting facility
assessments to ensure that corrective action activities are focused on those
facilities that offer the greatest risk reduction potential. The Agency is
developing national criteria for prioritization to ensure that the most
environmentally significant facilities are addressed first.
The Agency is placing increased emphasis on implementation of the land
disposal restrictions by increasing the number of inspections and oversight
activity of small quantity generators. The Agency is developing inspection and
enforcement guidance policies for newly regulated waste such as those covered
under the organic toxicity characteristics rule and the hazardous waste fuel
rule, as well as mixed waste, and the wood preserving listings. Increased
emphasis is being placed on inspecting hazardous waste exporters.
The RCRA Inspector Training Institute is continuing to provide training to
ensure a consistent inspection program. The Agency is continuing to
institutionalize enforcement and inspection training and workshops through the
use of interactive computer training and satellite-based training classes. The
inspectors* role in pollution prevention is being studied to determine if this
function should be expanded to provide technical assistance to the regulated
community.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $41,313,200 supported by 447.B
total workyears, of which $21,285,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriations, and $20,027,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency developed inspection guidance and enforcement strategies for the
implementation of multi-media approaches to disposal of hazardous waste.
Guidance on the enforcement of new regulations relating to land disposal
restrictions, as well as guidance for the detection of illegal disposal and
special wastes were revised.
5-53
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The Agency focused its corrective action resources to ensure that
owners/operators conducted facility investigations in compliance with the terms
of permitB or orders. The Agency also monitored the development of corrective
measures plans to assure that environmentally sound measures are proposed and
implemented. EPA placed priority on new facility investigations at
environmentally significant closing and closed facilities as well as at permitted
facilities. Facility assessments were conducted (230 total) to ensure that the
most environmentally significant facilities are addressed.
Compliance monitoring and enforcement actions were taken against handlers
that presented the greatest threat to human health and the environment. The
Agency ensured that state inspections were conducted biennially at all operating
land disposal facilities and at closed land disposal and treatment and storage
facilities, as required by Agency policy. The states and EPA conducted 12,698
inspections of commercial. Federal, state and local facilities that store, treat
or dispose of hazardous waste. Inspections of commercial land disposal and
treatment facilities were conducted twice a year to ensure compliance with the
Superfund Off-Site Policy. Through technical enforcement support and state
program evaluations, the Agency ensured that the states took timely and
appropriate enforcement actions. In the case of unauthorized states, the Agency
initiated enforcement action. Together, the states and EPA issued a total of
1,500 administrative orders.
5-54
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6. Pesticides
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES . 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research ..... 6-9
Scientific Assessment ... 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-15
Health Effects 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-18
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registrationi Special Registration and Tolerances 6-20
Generic Chemical Review 6-24
Pesticides Program Implementation . 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation ............... 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-32
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants . 6-37
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
PESTICIDES
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries S Expenses
Abatownt Control and
Compliance
Research I Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
S45,170,4 $54,340.7 $54,313,2 $54,575.3 $262.1
$44,939.7 $47,050.2 $47,050.2 $54,125.2 $7,075.0
$6,490.3 $6,203.4 $6,203.4 $8,363.3 $2,159.9
$96.600.4 $107,594.3 $107,566.8 $117,063.8 $9,497.0
Registration and
Expedited Processing
$22,926.8 $18,022.7 $18,022.7
-$18,022.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
937.7 1,078.7 1,078.7 1,198.2 119.5
975.4 1,087.7 1,087.7 1,198.2 110.5
$81.413.9 S98,930.0 $98,904.3 $107,800.8 $8,896.5
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Amendments of 1"
reauthorized this program at a level of $95,000 for
1990 and $95,000 for 1991. Authorization for FIFRA
expires on September 30, 1991.
6-1
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEWAND STRATEGY
Pesticides can be both beneficial and hazardous substances. Almost
everyone uses or is exposed to use of pesticide products. Pesticides are also
major contributors to ground water pollution and agricultural runoff to surface
water. At the same time, pesticide products provide benefits to society,
contributing to agricultural productivity and controlling human diseases.
EPA's authority to regulate pesticides is set forth in two statutes. The
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the licensing
or registration of pesticide products. Sections 408 and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) regulate the level of pesticide residues in raw and
processed agricultural commodities.
FIFRA. Under FIFRA, all pesticides must be registered with EPA before they
may be sold or distributed in the United States. EPA operates under an overall
risk/benefit standard for pesticide registration. Pesticides must perform their
intended function when used according to label directions, without posing
unreasonable risks of adverse effects on human health or the environment. In
making pesticide registration decisions, EPA is required to take into account the
economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of pesticide use. This
is a task of enormous scope and complexity•, CPP regulates over 1,000 active
ingredients, included in approximately 25,000 registered products, which account
for about three billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients used each year.
Amendments to FIFRA in 1988 substantially strengthened EPA's pesticide
regulatory authority, principally in the following areas:
The 1988 amendments accelerate the reregistration process for scientific
review and assessment of previously registered pesticides by requiring
completion of this task within nine years - by 1997.
EPA is required to give accelerated review to applications for initial or
amended registration of products which are similar to pesticides already
registered with EPA.
The 1988 law also authorizes the collection of fees which provide both
staff and contract resources to support reregistration activities.
EPA's responsibilities and funding requirements were also substantially
changed for the storage and disposal of pesticides whose registrations
have been suspended and cancelled. The law also places limitations on the
availability of funding to indemnify certain owners of suspended and
cancelled pesticides.
FFDCA. Under the FFDCA, EPA sets tolerances, or maximum legal limits, for
pesticide residues on food commodities marketed in the U.S. Before a pesticide
can be registered under FIFRA for use on a food or feed crop, EPA must either
establish a tolerance or, if appropriate, grant an exemption from the tolerance
requirement.
6-2
-------
The Agency's 1992 budget request for the pesticide program Includes the
following elements: 1) Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances,
including registration of new products and control of pesticide residues in the
food chain, 2) Generic Chemical Review, including review and reregistration of
existing products, 3) Pesticide Program Implementation, including encouragement
of correct uses of pesticides, 4) Pesticides Enforcement, including the
enforcement of pesticide regulations, 5) Research and Development to support and
improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides, and 6)
consulting services to support the Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP).
1992 marks the first year of the implementation of the Pesticide Program's
Four Year Strategy. The overall strategy for FY 1992 emphasizes: (1) providing
resources to carry out the pesticide reregistration program under FIFRA '88; (2)
building effective Regional and state capacity to tailor risk reduction and
pollution prevention programs to local needs for ground water, worker protection,
and endangered species; (3) minimizing risk by promoting the use of safer
chemicals and responding to public concerns about the safety of the Nation's food
supply; (4) expanding international leadership to provide greater coordination
on pesticide issues to facilitate international trade in agricultural products;
and (5) enhancing enforcement to meet increased requirements in the areas of
ground water protection, reregistration, and laboratory data integrity. The
implementation of the strategy will focus attention on accomplishing the goals
and objectives outlined above, including the implementation of environmental
indicators to measure progress toward these goals.
1. Registration. Special Registration andTolerances
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use, tinder the registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations.
Manufacturers are required to conduct a full range of health and environmental
testing before marketing their new products. This testing uses sophisticated
methodology and techniques, enabling the Agency to more accurately determine the
potential for ground-water contamination, residues on food or feed, worker and
applicator exposure, environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.
The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities. The special registration program continues to perform an
auxiliary function by permitting certain uses of unregistered pesticide for
experimental purposes and emergency pest situations. It also provides oversight
and guidance to state registration and experimental use permit functions. The
tolerance program establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible residue
levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both
active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and
processed foods.
The 1992 budget request emphasizes (1) promoting safer pesticides,
including registering new chemicals and biologicals faster, (2) implementation
of an antimicrobial strategy to ensure the efficacy of registered disinfectants,
and (3) assessing risks of pesticide use on lawns and inside buildings.
6-3
-------
2. Generic,ChemicalReview (including Rerepistraticm)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are
supported by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient by today's
scientific standards to support the required determination of "no unreasonable
adverse effects." The Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy this
problem by requiring the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting
registrations, reviewing available data about each chemical, and formulating
scientifically based regulatory positions to guide the modification,
cancellation, or reregistration of existing products and the registration of new
products. The 1988 FIFRA amendments contain provisions for a greatly accelerated
five-phase reregistration program, expedited processing of certain types of
registration applications, a new system for collecting and administering fees,
and significant revisions to the indemnification and disposal program for
pesticides suspended and cancelled after enactment of the 1988 amendments. The
fees mandated by these amendments are to be used to supplement appropriated funds
to carry out reregistration and expedited processing.
The Generic Chemical Review program contributes to the safety of the food
supply through the reregistration program and special reviews, in which
pesticides suspected of causing unreasonable adverse effects undergo intensive
risk/benefit analysis. This may result in changes to the terms and conditions
of their use. The Generic Chemical Review program also includes the disposal
program, for which funds are requested to continue safe storage of stocks of
2,4,5-T/Silvex in 1992. Funds are not requested at this time for 2,4,5-T/Silvex
disposal, which will be initiated after a facility is permitted and EPA contracts
with the permitted facility to dispose of the stocks.
There is a significant resource request increase in 1992 for elements of
the Food Safety initiative within this program. This initiative includes the
following:
o EPA will continue to give high priority to implementation of the 1988
FIFRA amendments. Additional FIFRA Fund workyears, and reprogrammed base
resources, are requested to reregister older pesticides, as mandated by
the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. The use of the additional workyears will be
dependent on the availability of fee balances in the FIFRA revolving fund.
o Other food safety activities to be emphasized through increased resources
and efforts include the development of environmental indicators,
integrated pest management (IPM) pilot projects, review of inert
ingredients used in pesticide products, special reviews deriving from risk
questions raised by the reregistration program, and international
coordination of pesticide issues,
3. pesticidesProgram Implementation
In FY 1992 the Agency expects to see major field implementation activities
related to protection of ground water, endangered species, and workers exposed
to pesticides. Critical components of these programs are coming to closure in
1991 and will drive the Regional and state Implementation needs in 1992. The
scope of the risks in the field is substantial. About 150 pesticides are
potential leachers, and 46 have been detected in ground water; there are 10.5
6-4
-------
million private wells and 94,600 community wells from which approximately 130
million people drink. Approximately 2,3 million workers, on the approximately
850,000 farms in this country, are exposed to pesticides during application.
Increased resources provided in 1990 and 1991 will enable the Regions and states
to begin addressing these problems. In so doing, the Agency will move away from
the traditional Headquarters command and control approach to a much more
sophisticated approach in which risk management decisions are made closer to the
source.
Under this program, EPA is continuing to promote the correct uses of
pesticides. To achieve this goal, EPA has cooperative agreements with State Lead
Agencies to certify applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides. EPA provides
grants to the states to support this activity. Certification grants help support
53 applicator certification programs in participating states and territories and
Federally administered programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
EPA also has an interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide
applicators by working through State Cooperative Extension Services (SCES).
Regional offices also provide technical assistance to states on pesticide issues.
4. Pesticides Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of PIFRA are carried out primarily through the
cooperative efforts of the states and territories, under a program of
Federal-state cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA.
Participating .states and territories conduct use inspections, inspect
pesticide-producing establishments, maintain marketplace surveillance, and
inspect dealers and users of restricted-use pesticides. In most instances in
which violations are detected, the states and territories develop and prosecute
enforcement cases as appropriate. In limited numbers of cases, states and
territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The Agency encourages the states
and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so as to place
greatest emphasis upon compliance with the use provisions of FIFRA, thereby
producing the greatest environmental benefit. The Agency will continue to
support and manage these cooperative efforts in 1992.
The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs in
cases in which states or territories are unable or unwilling to support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own. Federal programs in
such Instances include use investigations, import and export surveillance, and
the preparation and prosecution of enforcement cases. Other activities that are
exclusively the responsibility of the Agency include providing technical and
compliance assistance to the states, the regulated community and the public, and
operating an automated data system which maintains information on compliance
inspections, enforcement actions, and pesticide production.
In 1992, Regions will increase enforcement activities related to ground-
water protection. Requirements of the accelerated reregistration program of the
1988 Amendments to FIFRA will result in increased enforcement activity.
Headquarters will direct the OPTS laboratory data integrity program, which
inspects private testing laboratories to determine compliance with Good
Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations, audits in process and scientific accuracy
of completed test studies.
6-5
-------
5. Research andDevelopment
The 1992 request for pesticides research and development will continue to
support the Office of Pesticides Programs (OPP) by performing research in the
areas of test method development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and
extrapolation; exposure monitoring; environmental engineering and technology;
ecology (both fate and transport and risk assessment); and biotechnology. In
addition, EPA's Office of Research and Development will continue to provide
technical support to OPP in exposure assessment and monitoring procedures and
risk assessment methodologies for oncogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive and
developmental to.xi.city. New research will be performed in the areas of
reproductive and neurological toxicology and exposure assessment.
6. Consulting Services
Consulting services are utilized by the Agency to support the Scientific
Advisory Panel which, in accordance with section 25 (d) of FIFRA, provides
comments, evaluations and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed by
the Agency. By using these services, which are funded from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, the Agency can ensure that its regulatory program
continues to be based on sound science.
6-6
-------
PESTICIDES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
CURRENT , INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
1990 1991 1992 1992 VS 1991
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions, ....
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Microbial Agent Reviews . , .
Old 'Chemical Reviews »
Amended Registration Reviews
New Use Reviews .............
Emergency Exemption Reviews . .
Experimental Use Permit
Reviews .'.
24 (c) State Registration
Temporary tolerance
Petition Reviews »
Tolerance Petition Reviews. , .
Inert Ingredient Reviews
Producer Establishment
Inspections a/. ,.
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Use Obsevations a/
12
360
4,119
8,294
389
426
288
450
63
371
8
I ,594
U.843
13
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
150
475
15
2,509
18,829
16 + 3
330
3 ,443 -407
4,139 -421
300
250
400
475
150
475
15
2,779
19,369
6-7
-------
Marketplace Investigations a/.
Import Inspections a/.
State Applicator License
and Record Inspections
State Dealer Record
Inspections »
r
State Disposal, Storage,
Transportation, and Recall
Inspections
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits
Reregistration Elibility
Document
5,947
433
7,130
3,981
47
219
0
4,035
475
8 200
4,450
80
437
15
4,305
4,975
8 450
4,600
5,000
80
412
30
+270
+4 500
+250
+ 150
+5,000
•25
* 15
a/Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
6-8
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research .... ......... 6-9
Scientific Assessment . 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 6-15
Health Effects .......... ........ 6-16
Environmental Processes and Effects - - 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology . .... 6-18
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Salaries ft Expenses
TOTAL
Monitoring systems I
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Salaries It Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses
Research ft Development
$158.1
S158.1
$337.8
$676.1
$1.013.9
$2,334.0
$1,635.6
$3,969.6
$3,247.7
$3,425.6
$6,673.3
$154.8
$753.0
$907.8
$6,232.4
$6,490.3
$196.1
$196.1
$270.0
$678.4
$948.4
$2,085.1
$1,115.2
$3,200.3
$3,779.1
$4,271.8
$8,050.9
$73.2
$138.0
$211.2
$6,403.5
$6,203.4
$196.1
$196.1
$270.0
$678.4
$948.4
$2,085.1
$1,115.2
$3,200.3
$3.751.6
$4,271.8
$8.023.4
$73.2
$138.0
$211.2
$6.376.0
$6,203.4
$198.6
$198.6
$278.6
$1,678.4
$1,957.0
$2,150.7
$2,165.2
$4,315.9
$3,855.7
$4,371.8
$8,227.5
$128.0
$147.9
$275.9
$6,611.6
$8,363.3
$2.5
$2.5
$8.6
$1,000.0
. $1,008.6
$65.6
$1,050.0
$1,115.6
$104.1
$100.0
$204.1
$54.8
$9.9
$64.7
$235.6
$2,159.9
Pesticides Research TOTAL $12,722.7 $12,606.9 $12,579.4 $14,974.9 $2,395.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems ft
Qua Ii ty Assurance
Pesticides
1.8
5.1
1.5
5.2
1.5
5.2
1.5
5.2
0.0
0.0
6-9
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
ACTUAL EHACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Environmental
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
35.4 39.5 39.5 39.5 0.0
56.4 62.7 62.7 62.7 0.0
2.5 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.0
101.2 110.0 110.0 111.0
1.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems ft
QuaIi ty Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
TOTAL UORKYEARS
1.8
5.1
2.5
1.5
5.2
1.1
1.5
5.2
1.1
1.5
5.2
38.4 39.5 39.5 39.5
60.3 62.7 62.7 62.7
2.1
108.1 110.0 110.0 111.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
6-10
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs
1992:
o Preliminary groundwater strategy for monitoring agricultural
chemicals (Monitoring).
o Annual report on the Pesticides Repository (Monitoring).
o Report on Privatization Program for QA reference materials
(Monitoring).
o Guidance for interpretation of prenatally induced supernumerary ribs
as indicators of developmental effects (Health).
o Report on dermal absorption of pesticides: Effects of
age, dose, and analytical methods (Health).
o Report on assessment of Pacific Coast fishes and pollution
monitoring (Environmental Processes).
o Report on validation of hazard assessment predictions of
environmental effects of pesticides in estuarine systems
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on effects, persistence- and distribution of Guthion in
littoral enclosures (Environmental Processes).
o Predicting the survival and effects of introduced microorganisms:
An evaluation of two freshwater microcosm systems (Environmental
Processes),
o Report to evaluate survival and re-entrainment of bacterial
colonizing leaf surfaces (Environmental Processes).
o Report on the relationship between microcosm and field studies
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on the composting of pesticide residues (Engineering).
o Report on low-cost/low-technology physical/chemical destruction
methods for pesticides (Engineering).
1.99.J.: o Report on biomarkers and dosimetry research activity for exposure
monitoring (Monitoring).
o Pesticides exposure to urban and suburban pesticides in children
(Monitoring).
6-11
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Application of immunoaffinity to personal dosimetry studies
(Monitoring).
Report on exposure of field applications of biological agents used
as agricultural pesticides (Monitoring).
Annual report on the Pesticides Repository (Monitoring).
Report on Privatization Program for QA reference materials
(Monitoring).
Develop in vitro neurotoxicology test methods for tfte identification
and characterization of neurotoxic pollutants (Health).
Development of neurobehavioral testing strategy for use in Pesticide
Guidelines (Health).
Report on teratogenie responses in Menidia berrylllna
embryos for environmental assessment: Estuarine, freshwater and
hazardous waste sites (Environmental Processes).
Role of estuarine sediments in the biodegradation of anthropogenic
chemicals (Environmental Processes).
Validation of pesticide effects on fish growth under field exposure
conditions (Environmental Processes),
Fish reproductive success studies for littoral enclosures
(Environmental Processes).
Overview of methods for evaluating the effects of chemicals in
reproduction in birds (Environmental Processes).
Control of bacteria at field release sites (Environmental
Processes).
Users manual for updated TEEAM model (Environmental Processes).
Avian muscarinic receptor binding assays as biomarkers of pesticide
exposure (Environmental Processes).
Guidance manual for selecting protective clothing for agricultural
pesticide operations (Engineering).
Conduct of a workshop: International Workshop on Research in
Pesticide Treatment, Disposal and Waste Minimization (Engineering).
Report on open burning of pesticide bags (Engineering).
Release of Version 2.0 of the Pesticide Treatability Data-Base
Software Package (Engineering).
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1920; o Protein adduct forming chemicals for exposure monitoring
(Monitoring).
o Annual report on the Pesticides Repository (Monitoring).
o Report on the immunotoxicology methods development and validation in
rats (Health).
o Report on Che rodent model of organophosphorus-induced delayed
neuropathy (Health).
o Characterization of mammalian toxicity of a registered bacterial
pesticide (Health).
o Report on sorption of water soluble ionic pesticides to soils and
sediments (Environmental Processes).
o Effects of organophosphates on nesting success and nest abandonment
in the field (Environmental Processes).
o Synthesis report on test methods for BCAs on avians (Environmental
Processes).
o Report: Protocols for exposing freshwater fish and invertebrates to
a fungal pest control agent (Environmental Processes).
o Calibration of greenhouse and the field for survival of genetically
engineered microorganisms (Environmental Processes).
o Users manual for integrated exposure and ecological risk assessment
in aquatic ecosystems (Environmental Processes).
o Final report on resistance and resilience of pond ecosystems to
toxicant stress (Environmental Processes).
o A review of peer-reviewed literature/data for the treatability of
pesticides from water, wastewater, and soils (Engineering).
o Production and release of the training video "Shedding Some Light on
Pesticide Protection," which show the denial exposure possible when
appropriate protective clothing is not used properly during outdoor
handling/use operations (Engineering).
o OPP-availability of the Pesticide Ireatability Data-Base software
package, Version 1.1 (Engineering).
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,974,900 supported by 111.0 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $2,395,500 and 1,0 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $6,611,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,363,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $2,159,900 in the Research and Development appropriation, and
$235,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Objectives
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodentieide Act (FIFRA) and the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) require the regulation of pesticide
use to avoid unreasonable adverse effects to public health and the environment.
The research program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with
human activities and the environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage
from pests, while maximizing the protection of man's food, health and the
environment. Research includes:
o Developing and validating environmental and health test methods,
including methods for extrapolating from high to low doses between
mammalian species.
o Evaluating biological markers and testing them to determine their
potential use in exposure monitoring studies.
o Performing ecological research including transport, fate and field
validation to allow comparison between laboratory studies and actual
field results.
o Studying the movement of pesticides through the environment in order-
to determine the eventual disposition of pesticides in the
environment.
o Conducting engineering research on worker-safety and disposal of
pesticides.
o Developing equipment and specialized monitoring protocols and
procedures for total human exposure monitoring for pesticide
exposure to characterize sources and routes of exposure.
o Evaluating the effects of microbial and biochemical pest control
agents (MBPCAs) and products of biotechnology on humans and the
environment.
o Determining the risk posed to ecosystems by environmental
pollutants.
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Providing support to risk and exposure assessments by providing
quality assurance materials and reference compounds for pesticide
residue analyses.
.SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992 Program Request
j
The Agency requests a total of $198,600 supported by 1.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This is a $2,500 increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. There is
no change in total workyears, ORD will prepare and review health risk
assessments for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/
developmental effects and exposure to support OFF implementation of FIFRA Section
3 provisions for evaluating risk from pesticides use. Support will also be
provided for laboratory data audits.
1991Frogram
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $196,100 supported by 1.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The program will prepare and review health risk assessments and
provide support for laboratory data audits.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $158,100 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which were from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Major activities included: support for laboratory data audits;
consultation and review of ethylene bis dithro carbamate/ethylene thiourea
(EBDC/ETU) assessments; data reviews on chemicals including bromoxynil,
propagate, larvadex, metesystox, triphenyltin hydraxide (TPTH); uniconazole, and
carbaryl; and teaching a developmental toxicity risk assessment course to program
office professional staff.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,957,000 supported by 5.2 total workyears
for thif program, of which $278,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,678,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,000,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation and a $8,600 increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in the
Research and Development appropriation is due to increased research in the area
of human exposure, particularly in developing methodologies for improving the
assessment of residential exposures, including those of infants and toddlers.
ORD will develop monitoring methods and strategies to determine the effect
of agricultural pesticides on surface and ground water systems. We will evaluate
biological markers use and conduct studies to estimate capability of these
6-15
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techniques to serve as indicators of exposure. Immunoassay procedures will be
developed for the rapid detection of chemicals in monitoring and exposure
assessment studies.
ORB will perform research to determine human exposure associated with
household use of pesticides. Research will focus on home, lawn and household
pesticide usage, particularly for infants and toddlers. Quality assurance in
sample collection and analysis procedures will be provided including oversight
of the Pesticides Repository.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $948,400 supported by 5.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $270,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $678,400 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
ORD is identifying and test biological markers of exposure for priority pesticide
chemicals and provide protocols and methodologies for total human exposure
monitoring for pesticides. Dermal exposure in children will be emphasized.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,013,900 supported by 5.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $337,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $676,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
ORD developed cooperative Research and Development Agreement for privatizing the
Pesticide Repository under the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA) of 1986,
and prepared and coordinated plans for implementing privatization.
HEALTH EFFECTS
|992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,315,900 supported by 39.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,150,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,165,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,050,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and an increase of $65,600 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in
the Research and Development appropriation will fund research in neurotoxicology
and reproductive toxicology. ;
ORD will develop and refine bioassays to detect adverse developmental,
reproductive, mutagenic, carcinogenic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. ORD
will conduct new research in neurotoxicity to determine age-related immune system
sensitivity to pesticides. We will develop models to assess health risk
assessment predictability and focus on methods for extrapolating results of
animal toxicity studies into risk estimates for humans. Studies will Include
comparison of In vivo and in .vitro methods for estimating pesticide dermal
absorption, metabolic differences between species and investigating the
relationship between maternal health and fetal susceptibility to teratogenic
outcome. These models will assist in the evaluation of pesticides data submitted
as part of the registration and reregistration process.
6-16
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To support microbial pesticide registration, ORD will develop testing
protocols for detecting, identifying, and monitoring microbial agents in
mammalian cells. Researchers will evaluate FIFRA Subdivision M infectivity
guidelines for microbial agents, and detecting health effects from exposure to
genetically engineered pesticides.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,200,300 supported by 39.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,085,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,115,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORB is providing data on the effects of microbial and biochemical
pest control agents and genetically engineered pesticides and methods to detect
adverse alterations in the reproductive processes in animals.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,969,600 supported by 38.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,334,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,635,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORB included development of neurobehavioral toxicity data of
formamidine pesticides and standardization of microbial pesticide testing
protocols.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1992^Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,227,500 supported by 62.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,855,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,371,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $100,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, and an increase of $104,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in
the Research and Development appropriation will support expanded research into
ecological risk assessments.
ORD will develop and revise test methods according to the margin of error
attributed to environmental influences. Methods will be devised to investigate
chemical, toxicological and teratogenic properties to provide standardized
testing or monitoring protocols.
In the ecological area, ORD will develop and validate standardized testing
and monitoring protocols to predict pesticide transport, degradation, exposure,
and fate in marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms. Studies include life
cycle tests and physiological measurements to .predict toxicity and to determine
factors controlling chronic and acute testing results. Laboratory and field
results will be compared to evaluate extrapolation potentials.
Researchers will develop and improve bioassays to determine effects of
microbial pest control agents on non-target organisms. Parameters such as routes
of exposure, detection methods, identification schemes, virulence, toxicity, and
infectivity will be evaluated through bioassays. To fully characterize potential
6-17
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environmental consequences of altered microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) and
genetically altered biological control agents (EGAs), research will be conducted
to better understand the movement, survival and mode of action on receptor
organisms. Research results will support modifications of testing protocols for
Subpart M guidelines used by industry to provide registration data.
Mathematical models, support databases, and protocols for assessing
ecosystem exposure and hazards will be arranged in a. database structure to
accelerate completion of ecological risk assessments, ORE will adapt pesticide
release, transport, and transformation parameters t-j dependent ecological models,
Standardized descriptors for use in risk assessment will be developed for biotic
effects of pesticides on populations, communities, and ecosystems. Field
validation studies will be conducted to evaluate the strengths and weakness of
the quotient method now used in pesticide regulatory actions.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,023,400 supported by 62,7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,751,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,271,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD is developing test methods in support of FIFRA guidelines, performing
research on transport, fate and field validation, and the effects of biological
pest control agents and develop risk assessment techniques. Studies are being
designed to attain a better understanding of the elements at risk and the
processes which influence unacceptable degradation of the environment.
Congressional Directives. A total of $200,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for studying Fonnosan subterranean termites at Louisiana State
University.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,673,300 supported by 60.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,247,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,425,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Fourteen major reports were provided for Agency guidance covering
pesticide subjects across several media, diverse biota and at various
environmental levels of organization.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 ProgramJRequest
The Agency requests a total of $275,900 supported by 2.1 total workyears for
this program, of which $128,000 will be in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $147,900 will be in the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $9,900 in the Research and Development appropriation
and $54,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. There is a 1.0 increase
in total workyears. These Increases support pesticide disposal and treatment
research.
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ORD will assist states and other Federal agencies in evaluating proposed
pesticide disposal and treatment methods. To support FIFRA-mandated container
recycling programs, field-test methods for demonstrating adequate clean-up will
be developed. A database to support pesticide treatment is being updated.
1991 Program
In 1991, 1iie Agency is allocating a total of $211,200 supported by 1.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $73,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $138,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
ORD is updating the pesticide treatability data, and finalizing thermal-
destruction issues and compliance field-tests. A research symposium will be held
to gather information which will be distributed regionally via technology
transfer. Work on investigating low-cost/low technology biological destruction
methods (i.e., composting) have begun.
3,9 9QLAccompl i shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $907,800 supported by 2.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $154,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $753,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A pesticide treatability database was developed which demonstrates where
sufficient data exists for treatment/disposal of classes of pesticides and where
significant data gaps exist. This database is providing the focus for the
research needs for 1992. In addition, the thermal destruction (i.e., open
burning) of pesticide bags was initiated.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances ........ 6—20
Generic Chemical Review 6-24
Pesticides Program Implementation ................ 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants ........... 6-32
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration £ Tolerances
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Salaries i Expenses $13,477.8 $14,831.0 $14,833.0 $1S,120.2 $287.2
Abatement Control and $2,859.6 $3,016.7 $3,016.7 $4,166.7 $1,150.0
Compliance
TOTAL $16,337.4 $17,849.7 $17,849.7 $19,286.9 $1,437.2
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $13,477.8 $14,833.0 $14,833.0 $15,120.2 $287.2
Abatement Control and $2,859.6 $3,016.7 $3,016.7 $4,166.7 $1,150.0
Conplianet
Registration, Special TOTAL $16,337.4 $17,849.7 $17,849.7 $19,286.9 $1,437.2
Registration &
Tolerances
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Registration, Spec 256.0 265.9 265.9 254.9 -11.0
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 256.0 265.9 261.9 254.9 -11.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 266.2 265.9 265.9 254.9 -11.0
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL UOfUCTEMS 266.2 265.9 265.9 254.9 -11.0
6-20
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,286,900 supported by 254.9 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,437,200 and a decrease of 11.0 workyears
from 1991. Of the request, $15,120,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,166,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $287,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $1,150,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
REGISTRATION. SPECIAL REGISTRATION.AND TOLERANCES
1992 Program... ..Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,286,900 supported by 254.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $15,120,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,166,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $287,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,150,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 11.0 in total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
and support costs, offset by disinvestments in the Old Chemicals and Amendments
program. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
reflects increased emphasis on food safety. The decrease in workyears reflects
an internal reprogranming to support the pesticides food safety initiative.
In 1992, the Agency expects to conduct 330 reviews of new chemicals and
bioehemical/microbial agents, 3,443 reviews of old chemicals, 4,139 amended
registration reviews, 300 new use reviews, and 475 tolerance petition
reviews. The emphasis on processing of new chemicals and new uses will be
continued in 1992, to permit more rapid market entry of new, safer products.
The 1992 Budget Request places increased emphasis on food safety,
including:
o Biological pesticides. Biological pesticides comprise the single fastest
growing segment of new pesticide registration activity. With increased
resources, the Agency will emphasize consideration of the regulatory
implications of biological pesticides, and where appropriate, speed the
experimental use and registration of these pesticides. These products
include natural and genetically engineered microbial pesticides,
biochemical pesticides and plants genetically engineered to produce
pesticides. Resources are being reprogrammed to this area and
supplemented with a requested increase.
o New and safer chemical pesticides. Many new chemicals for which
registrations are being submitted are less toxic, less persistent, and
more closely matched to the target species than previously registered
6-21
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pesticides. Yet program efforts to register the chemicals have not
received the resources available to older chemicals under the
reregistration process. Resources for this area of work are being
reprogrammed from other areas to expedite registration for promising new
chemicals.
o Antimicrobials (Disinfectants). Increased resources will support further
implementation of the antimicrobial strategy, including the initiation of
work on a product problem reporting and investigation system. This area
has recently been the subject of a General Accounting Office (GAO) audit,
and has been identified as an area of emphasis in the agency's Federal
Managers Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA) report.
o Lawn care and indoor risk. Increased resources are requested to begin to
develop a methodology for assessing human exposure to pesticides used on
lawns and inside buildings, support data collection, and develop a
regulatory program.
The reprogrammed resources for biological and new safer chemical pesticides
come from Old Chemicals and Amendments. To the extent possible, the
reprogramming of resources from Old Chemicals and Amendments will be applied to
applications that do not qualify for fast track treatment under the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments. Resources from Old Chemicals and Amendments are also being
reprogrammed to the Generic Chemical Review program to support reregistration and
Integrated Pest Management.
Regional liaison will continue to be improved by working closely with the
Regional pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of national regulatory activities, and by obtaining their input on
policies and reviews affecting their mission. This liaison will improve
oversight of section 18 experimental use permit reviews and section 24(c) special
local need programs.
To prevent circumvention of section 3 registration requirements, stringent
criteria for granting section 18 exemptions, such as consideration of progress
towards permanent registration and clarification of "emergency" and "significant
economic loss" as criteria used in considering emergency exemptions, will
continue to be applied. Headquarters will continue to work closely with the
Regions and states to monitor emergency exemptions and special local needs.
The Agency will continue to ensure-that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient, including revocation of tolerances
on cancelled pesticides and tolerance reassessments in conjunction with
reregistration reviews. Tolerance fees will be increased to reflect any increase
in the General Schedule pay-scale.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,849,700 supported by 265.9
total workyears for this program, of which $14,833,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,016,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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In 1991, registration reviews are continuing to emphasize new chemicals and
new uses to facilitate the rapid availability of new, potentially safer chemicals
which may replace older, more hazardous ones still in use. Registration
reviews continue to emphasize protection of ground water, workers, and endangered
species.
In 1991, state participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and Special Local Needs programs is continuing to be enhanced through EPA
guidance and close Federal/state cooperation. Continued special attention is
being given to biochemical/microbial agents. The Agency is revising the section
5 experimental use permit regulations to provide sufficient oversight of the
early testing of genetically engineered and non-indigenous mierobial pesticides.
Inerts of toxicological concern are listed on pesticide labels and will
undergo data call-ins. Crop group tolerances continue to be used where
applicable to reduce data requirements and efficiently deal with minor uses.
Procedural and substantive rule for tolerances (sections 408 and 409 of FFDCA)
are being prepared. Tolerance fees will be increased by the percentage of the
General Schedule pay raise.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $16,337,400 supported by 266.2
total workyears for this program, of which $13,477,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,859,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Special attention was given to biochemical and microbial pest control
agents and necessary interagency coordination. Procedural and substantive rules
for tolerances (sections 408 and 409 of FFDCA) were worked on. These rules will
describe the process by which the Agency sets tolerances and specifies the kinds
of data required. Cooperation with US DA and IDA was strengthened through regular
meetings and consultations. Inerts of toxicological concern were listed on
pesticide products labels and are undergoing data call-ins. Tolerance fees were
increased by 3.6% to reflect the General Schedule pay raise for civilian
employees.
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 EST1HATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses $18,296.1 $24,271.6 $24,271.6 $23,097.9 -$1,173.7
Abetenent Control and $16.318.5 $11,543.0 $11,543.0 $17,468.0 $5,925.0
Compliance
Registration and $21,116.5 $16,063.0 $16,063.0 -$16,063.0
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $55,731.1 $51,877.6 $51,877.6 $40,565.9 -$11,311.7
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses $18,296.1 $24,271.6 $24.271.6 $23,097.9 -$1,173.7
Abatasant Control and $16,318.5 $11,543.0 $11,543.0 $17,468.0 $5,925.0
Conpl isncfi
Registration and $21.116.5 $16,063.0 $16,063.0 -$16,063.0
Expedited Processing
Generic Chemical TOTAL $55,731.1 $51,877.6 $51,877.6 $40,565.9 -$11,311.7
Review
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 425.8 504.3 504.3 615.3 111.0
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 425.6 504.3 504.3 ' 615.3 111.0
TOTAL MORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 436.8 504.3 504.3 615.3 111.0
TOTAL UDRCYEARS 436.8 504.3 504.3 615.3 111.0
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
The Agency requests & total of §40,565,900, supported by 615.3 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $4,751,300 and 111.0 total workyears from
1991. Of the request, $23,097,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $17,468,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,173,700 in S&E and an increase
of $5,925,000 in AC&C.
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,565,900, supported by 615.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $23,097,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $17,468,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears will include 345.3 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 270.0 to be supported by the FIFRA Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. This represents a decrease of
$1,173,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $5,925,000
in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 111.0
total workyears. The increase in workyears includes an additional 80.0 workyears
that will be supported by the FIFRA Fund. The increase in Salaries and expenses
reflects an increase in resources supporting the food safety initiative,
including the FIFRA reregistration process, and increased personnel and support
costs. The increase in Abatement, Control, 'and Compliance also supports the food
safety initiative. The decrease in S&E is due to the shift of a one-time
Congressional add-on that was provided in FY 1991 to support the hiring of
scientific personnel in support of the FIFRA '88 pesticide reregistration
program. This decrease is partially offset by an increase that supports the Food
Safety Initiative and increased personnel and support costs.
The Agency is emphasizing food safety in the 1992 budget request for
Generic Chemical Review. The reregistration process is an important component
of the food safety initiative. The Agency has reprogrammed 20.0 total workyears
in Salaries and Expenses, and is also requesting an increase of 80.0 total
workyears from the FIFRA Fund to support this effort. The increased workyears
will help the Agency to meet the pesticide reregistration goals, prescribed by
the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. Further, the Agency will carry out its Phase IV
responsibilities (independent identification of data gaps and issuance of
requirements for registrants to fill gaps not previously identified), and its
Phase V responsibilities (making determinations of reregistration eligibility).
In 1992, the Agency projects completion of reregistration eligibility documents
(REDs) for 30 pesticide cases. However, outputs will be affected by the total
Fund workyears that can be supported from the FIFRA Revolving Fund. A total of
40 of the increased FIFRA Fund workyears in 1992 are dependent on Congressional
action on the Administration's proposal to eliminate the annual per registrant
maintenance fee caps, which would enable the Agency to collect an additional
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$3,000,000 annually and achieve the statutory goal of $14,000,000 annually from
maintenance fees.
Other components of the food safety initiative for j.992 include:
o International Programs. With increased resources, the Agency will expand
international coordination in 1992, and will ensure consistency of
decisions and science data with CODEX, the General Agreement on Tariff and
Trade (GATT), and import/export policies. This initiative includes
coordination with the European Community on its reregistration efforts,
and expanded technical assistance through the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and the Peace Corps.
o Inert Ingredients. With increased resources, the Agency is proposing to
evaluate List 3 inerts (approximately 2,000 inerts of unknown toxicity) in
accordance with OPTS's Inerts Strategy.
o Special Reviews. As data gathered through the reregistration process is
reviewed, the Agency expects that data for some pesticides will meet the
triggers for special reviews. The Agency is seeking additional resources
for this purpose. 16 special review outputs are projected for 1992.
o Environmental Indicators, 1992 will be the first implementation year for
the program's Pour Year Strategy, Program activities will be focused on
accomplishing the goals and objectives outlined in the strategy, and will
include the implementation of environmental indicators to measure progress
toward these goals. Additional resources will be used to develop and
implement these indicators,
o Integrated Pest Management (IPM), The Agency is reprogramming resources
to establish pilot projects, and work with USDA's IPM and Low Input
Sustainable Agriculture (LISA) programs.
Reprogranmings to the Food Safety Initiative have come from other OPTS offices,
as well as from within the Old Chemical ("He Too") Registration Reviews and
Amended Chemical Registration Reviews in OFF. To the extent possible, the
reprogramming of resources from Old Chemicals and Amendments will be applied to
applications that do not qualify for fast track treatment under the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments.
In addition to the food safety increases, additional resources are being
requested in 1992 for the Abatement,• Control and Compliance appropriation.
$4,000,000 is critically needed for storage of 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks. The
Agency's responsibility to bear the costs of storage and disposal of cancelled
and suspended pesticides will continue in 1992 for chemicals which were suspended
and cancelled prior to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. These funds are needed to
ensure the continued safe storage of national 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks. These are
known costs for which funds are not available from other sources. No funds are
requested at this time for disposal of these stocks. However, once a facility
is permitted to dispose of these pesticides, the Agency must award a disposal
contract and begin incineration.
In addition, the five pollution prevention projects begun in 1991 under the
Generic Chemical Review program as part of the Agency-wide program will continue
into 1992,
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1991 Program
In .1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,814,600 supported by 504.3
total workyears for this program, of which $24,271,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,543,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears include 314.3 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 190.0 supported by the FIFRA Fund.
The Agency expects that 15 Registration Eligibility Documents (RED) will
be completed as work pertaining to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments continues. Funds
from both base appropriations and the FIFRA Fund will be utilized to accomplish
these tasks. Reregistration fees should all be received by the end of 1991, and
EPA will be completing its Phase IV review for List B chemicals, and begin making
rereglstration decisions on some of the List B documents. Thirteen Special
Reviews are projected for 1991. Special Reviews are a major risk reduction
vehicle, and continue to be generated primarily from data reviewed during the
reregistration process.
Previously appropriated pesticide disposal funds are being utilized for
disposal of national dinoseb stocks and storage of 2,4,5-T/Silvex, pending the
permitting of an incinerator for 2,4,5-T/Silvex disposal and the award of
disposal contracts.
To prepare for the implementation of the Four Year Strategy, projects begun
in 1990 to evaluate new directions for environmental indicators will carry
forward into 1991. Additional projects to assess the feasibility of potential
environmental indicators are planned for 1991.
As part of an Agency-wide program, the pesticide program has undertaken
five pollution prevention projects in 1991. The purposes of these projects will
be to: (1) reduce surface and ground-water contamination and human health risks
due to application of herbicides in major corn-producing states; (2) work with
ORD to develop a pesticides inerts strategy which formally addresses air
pollution problems associated with volatile organic compounds; (3) work with ORD
and Region 3 to develop and test the reliability of a pesticide hazard index to
reduce the risk of pesticides in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; (4) work with the
Agency's Office of Research and Development (ORD), the Regions, and states to
develop a decision support system that will help states and local governments
protect ground water from pesticides; and (5) support ORD in developing
information that would lead to a reduction in pesticide applications through
bioregulation (the management of biological degradation processes).
The Regional-state capabilities initiative, begun in 1990 to deal with the
problems of ground-water protection, protecting endangered species from
pesticides, and promoting the safety of pesticide applicators and farm workers,
continues through 1991. This initiative strengthens EPA's field presence to
provide state and local solutions to area-specific problems.
¥orker Protection Standards for Agricultural Pesticides (40 CFR 170),
governing pesticide-treated field reentry intervals, protective clothing, and
label warnings, are scheduled to be published as a final regulation in 1991.
Implementation of the initial elements of the Indian strategy will occur
in 1991, The objective of the strategy is to enable tribes to become involved
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in all areas of the pesticide program through a combination of needs assessments,
tribal training to enhance pesticides awareness, technical assistance, and a
scholarship program,
The National Pesticide Survey (NFS) was completed in 1990 and the final
report is scheduled for March 1991. Results of the NFS will be used to refine the
Agency's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground ¥ater Strategy and to evaluate further
regulatory and state-specific approaches to protect drinking water from pesticide
pollution. Detailed follow-up studies of the Rational Pesticide Survey (NFS)
data base will be initiated, following issuance of the final report. Other funds
will support special ground-water projects.
Congressional Directives
In 1991, Congress directed a total of $4,500,000 in Salaries and Expenses
to be allocated in support of hiring of scientific personnel for the
reregistration program. These resources are being used to support workyears that
were originally planned to be funded by the FIFRA Revolving Fund. $125,000 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance is for a Congressionally directed project to
develop an herbicide identification and warning pilot program in conjunction with
Michigan State University.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $34,614,600 supported by 436.8
total workyears for this program, of which $18,296,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,318,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears included 313.9 from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and 122.9 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
The FIFRA Amendments of 1988 accelerate the reregistration process for
previously registered pesticides and require EFA to give accelerated
consideration to applications for initial or amended registration of products
which are similar to pesticides already registered with EPA. The 1988 FIFRA
Amendments require a large increase in the number of registrant submissions. A
major hiring and training program was initiated in 1989 and continued through
1990 in order to meet the increased workload posed by the amendments. The fourth
list of active ingredients subject to reregistration was published early in 1990,
and registrants began responding to all four lists. The Agency's major workload
occurred in FIFRA Phase II-III activities, with the completion of Phase III for
all four lists by October 1990. In addition, 12 Special Review decisions were
reached in 1990.
The Agency launched a major new program in 1990 to build Regional and state
capabilities to deal with problems of ground^water pollution, protect endangered
species from pesticides, and promote the safety of pesticide applicators and
agricultural workers. Local variations in agricultural conditions and practices
emphasize the need for a strong field presence to provide state and local
solutions to specific problems in these areas. Abatement Control and Compliance
resources for the Headquarters national program development and liaison function
for this initiative are contained in the Generic Chemical Review program.
Resources for the Regions and states are in the Pesticide Program Implementation
program. EPA continues its long-term collaborative effort with the states and
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Federal agencies to integrate ground-water management programs, including
addressing ground-water concerns in registration and reregistration actions.
In keeping with the President's directive and Agency policy to treat Indian
tribes as states, an Indian strategy was developed in 1990 to enable Indian
tribes to become involved in all areas of the pesticide program. Currently,
tribes are eligible for funds for the initiation of worker protection, ground
water and endangered species programs. A tribal workshop was held in 1990
concerning pesticides in ground water. Implementation of the Indian strategy is
scheduled for early 1991.
In 1990, EPA devoted resources to addressing a broad spectrum of food
safety concerns, including the development of better scientific data on special
tolerance and residue issues, conveying scientific information on risks to the
public in understandable terms, and using improved risk information in regulatory
decisions. This initiative strengthens the Agency's ability to make pesticide
decisions based on scientific risk assessments, and educates the public on the
reasons for these decisions.
All of the sampling for the National Pesticide Survey (NFS), the first
nation-wide investigation of pesticide contamination of drinking water wells, was
completed in early 1990. A preliminary report of the findings was released in
November 1990, and the final report is scheduled to be issued at the end of March
1991. The results of the NFS will be used to refine the Agency's Agricultural
Chemicals in Ground Water Strategy and to evaluate further regulatory and state-
specific approaches to protect drinking water from pesticide pollution.
Comments of state, private and public interest groups have been
incorporated into the Agency's proposed Endangered Species Protection Program
(ESFP), which features & revised method of consultation with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service on potential endangered species jeopardy, generic product
labeling coupled with county bulletins and maps of endangered species habitats,
and use limitations to protect endangered species. The nation-wide ISPP may be
supplemented by state endangered species protection plans suitable for local
conditions.
The major 1990 activity in the pesticide disposal program was the continued
disposal of nation-wide dinoseb stocks. Dinoseb incineration continued through
1990, after the completion of a successful demonstration burn in 1989. The
Agency is currently in the process of consolidating remaining 2,4,5-T/Silvex
stocks and maintaining them in secure storage until disposal arrangements can be
made.
In 1990 the Agency began evaluating environmental indicators for their
feasibility in measuring the effectiveness of the pesticide program's efforts to
achieve the objectives of OPfS' Four Year Strategy, particularly in the areas of
reducing pesticide risks to public health and the environment. Projects were
initiated in 1990 to evaluate several major new directions for environmental
indicators.
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Salaries t Expenses $1,535.4 $2,519.3 $2,519.3 $2,764.7 $245.4
TOTAL $1,535.4 $2,519.3 $2,519.3 $2,764.7 $245.4
Pesticides Program •
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $12,263.4 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,263.4 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 $14,500.0 0.0
TOTAL!
Salaries £ Expenses $1.535.4 $2.519.3 $2.519.3 $2,764.7 $245.4
Abatement Control and $12,263.4 $14.500.0 $14,500.0 $14,500.0
Compliance
Pesticides Program TOTAL $13,798.8 $17,019.3 $17,019.3 $17,264.7 $245.4
Implementation
PERMANENT UDRKYEARS
Pesticides Program 28.6 49.5 49.5 53.2 3.7
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UDRKYEARS 28.6 49.5 49.5 53.2 3.7
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
Pesticides Program 30.8 53.2 53.2 53.2 0.0
Implementation
TOTAL WORCTEARS 30.8 53.2 $3.2 53.2 0.0
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,264,700 supported by 53.2 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $245,400 and no change in workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $2,764,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $14,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
representing an increase of $245,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation from 1991,
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Seguest
The Agency requests a total of $2,764,700 supported by 53.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $245,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1991. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In the 1992 Budget request, the Agency is continuing to carry out the
Regional/state initiative begun in 1990 to address concerns about pesticide
threats to ground water, endangered species, and workers occupationally exposed
to pesticides. Regional workyears are requested for ground water, endangered
species, and worker protection. The Regional office staff will implement the
major ground water initiatives underway in OPP and elsewhere in EPA, including
the Ground Water Strategy, the Ground Water Restricted Use Rule, and the Non-
Point Source Management and Wellhead Protection plans. Regional office staff
will also implement the revised Worker Protection Standard, scheduled for
issuance in 1991. For the Endangered Species Program, Regional offices will
implement the geographically targeted program in high priority areas, manage
program grants, continue education and outreach, assist states in developing and
implementing state-initiated plans, and coordinate map review within the states.
Headquarters and Regional office staff will continue to manage the Certification
and Training (C&T) Program in cooperation with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture/State Cooperative Extension Services (USDA/SCES), and provide
technical assistance on other pesticide issues.
19JM Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,519,300 supported by 53.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1991 the Agency is continuing to build on the initiative begun in 1990
to strengthen Regional/state capabilities to respond to increasing public
concerns about ground-water contamination by pesticides, protection of endangered
species from pesticides, and safety of workers occupationally exposed to
pesticides. A number of activities in these areas are coning to closure in 1991.
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With their completion, the Regions will work with the states to begin actual
Implementation. In 1991 this initiative includes implementation of major
visions to the C&T Regulations (Part 171) governing strengthened record-
keeping, examination, and training requirements for initial certification,
certification renewal, and sale of restricted use pesticides to non-certified
persons. The Agency will continue to manage the C&T Program and provide technical
assistance on pesticide issues,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,535,400 supported by 30.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Headquarters staff directed the development of training materials in the
areas of ground water, endangered species, and worker safety. The major effort
to revise the C&T regulations (Fart 171) was completed.
In 1990, Regional staff emphasized correcting deficiencies in state
pesticide management plans identified through Regional evaluations and
negotiations. Regional staff also continued to provide technical expertise on
specific issues relating to the use and application of pesticides. They also
began to work with the various officials in each state to lay the groundwork for
implementation of the Regional/state capability initiative in the areas of
protection of ground water, workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, and
endangered species.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $14,500,000 for this program, all of which
is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1991,
States will continue to implement an initiative begun in 1990 to address
it1 ~ -sing concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered
sp.. .as, and workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. In the ground water
program, states will implement state ground water management plans. States will
continue to implement an endangered species program targeted to high priority
geographical areas. For the worker protection program, states will conduct
activities to carry out the Worker Protection Standard. States will continue to
carry out the C&T program in cooperation with USDA/SCES.
1991 'Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,500,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These
resources support the certification and training program, as well as the program
initiated in 1990 to strengthen state capabilities to address problems in
protection of ground water, workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, and
endangered species.
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The Agency continues to carry out cooperative agreements with state lead
agencies (SLAs) to certify applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides (ROTs).
The Agency provides grants to states to support this activity. Certification
grants support 53 applicator certification programs in states and territories.
Under the guidance of the Regions, states are implementing certain program
improvements, revising certification exams to include ground water, endangered
species, chronic health effects, and other topics. EFA has an interagency
agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by working
through SGES. Training programs are being developed and implemented for non-
agricultural (e.g. structural, urban) applicators.
States are continuing to implement the second year of the Regional/state
capability initiative. Changes to the Certification and Training Program (Part
171) will be issued in 1991, and states are developing their implementation
plans. The revisions include additional record-keeping and examination
requirements for SLAs, periodic renewal of certification, training for non-
certified applicators using RUPs, supervision of non-certified applicators of
RUPs, and continuing education for applicators.
1990 Accontpl ishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a, total of $12,263,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Funding for certification agreements helped support 53 applicator
certification programs in participating states and territories and in the
federally*conducted programs in Colorado and Nebraska. EPA continued its
interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators
through an interagency agreement with USBA/SCES, Funds provided through a
cooperative agreement with USDA/SCES helps support the applicator training
programs.
A Regional/state Initiative was begun to build capabilities in emerging
pesticide areas of concern, including ground water, worker protection and
endangered species. States also remedied deficiencies in state pesticide
management plans identified through Regional evaluations and negotiations.
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Enforcement
SECTION JAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
'Pesticides Enforcement 6-34
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants . .......... 6-37
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and $12,392.2 $15,603.4 $15,803.4 $15,803.4 0.0
Conpliance
TOTAL $12.392.Z $15,803.4 $15,803.4 $15,803.4 0.0
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries 1 Expenses $5,628.7 $6,313.3 $6,313.3 $6,980.9 $667.6
Abatement Control and $545.8 $2,187.1 $2,187.1 $2,187.1
Compliance
Registration and $1,810.3 $1,959.7 $1,959.7 -$1,959.7
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $7,984.8 $10,460.1 $10,460.1 $9,836.9 -$623.2
TOTAL:
Salaries 1 Expenses $5,628.7 $6,313.3 $6,313.3 $6,980.9 $667.6
Abatement Control and $12,938.0 $17,990.5 $17,990.5 $17,990.5 0.0
Compliance
Registration and $1,810.3 $1,959.7 $1,959.7 -$1,959.7
Expedited Processing
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $20,377.0 $26,263.5 $26,263.5 $25,640.3 -$623.2
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 125.9 149.0 149.0 163.8 14.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 12S.9 149.0 149.0 163.8 14.8
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement 133.3 154.3 154.3 163.8 9.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS 133.3 154.3 154.3 163.8 9.5
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,971,400 supported by 163.8 total workyears
for 1992, an increase of $667,600 and 9.5 in total workyears from 1991, Of the
request, $6,980,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$17,990,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $667,600 in Salaries and Expenses and no increase in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance Appropriation.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $9,168,000 supported by 163.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,980,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,187,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Of the requested workyears, 35.5 will be supported by the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. This represents an
increase of $667,600 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, no change in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.5 total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses and an increase in 2.0 total
workyears reflects increased personnel costs and support the expanded development
of groundwater protection enforcement requirements. An increase of 7.5 workyears
supported by the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund will support
increased enforcement of the reregistration sections of the 1988 Amendments to
FIFRA '88. The FIFRA workyear increase is dependent upon passage of legislation
to raise the maintenance fee cap to allow'for the collection of the authorized
level of $14,000,000 annually.
In 1992, Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management,
will assist in developing new and revised regulations, and develop compliance
monitoring strategies and enforcement response policies. Headquarters staff will
also provide guidance and general oversight of the Federal/state cooperative
enforcement agreement program, and technical and analytical support for Regional
activities. Headquarters will develop and refine compliance monitoring
strategies regarding groundwater, endangered species protection, and worker
protection initiatives. In 1992, enforcement response policies will be amended
to incorporate new violations and will be coordinated with other enforcement
offices.
Tracking and enforcement of pesticide reregistration requirements will be a
major component of the pesticide enforcement program. The states will be
responsible for enforcing notices of intent to suspend product registrations
issued under this compliance program. An increase in workyears supported by the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund for reregistration enforcement
activities will handle the enforcement burden of the accelerated pesticides
reregistration program. Monitoring of voluntary suspension/cancellation of
pesticides and associated disposal activities will be initiated in response to the
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inet ?ased enforcement requirements of the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA. Headquarters
will conduct grant guidance and state liaisor activities to assure that
reregistration decisions are enforced by states. The development of enforcement
strategies for section 19 recalls and FIFRA section 6(g) will be carried out by
Headquarters.
Headquarters will direct the OPTS laboratory data integrity program, which
ir^ects private testing laboratories to determine compliance with Good Laboratory
P "ices (GLP) regulations, audits in process and scientific accuracy of
cosDieted test studies. In 1992, five existing Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs)
with foreign countries will be implemented to assure continued GLP international
cooperation.
The Regional pesticide compliance monitoring program will respond to
situations involving substantial threats to public health and the environment from
pesticides regulated under FIFRA. Regions will also manage and oversee the state
and Federal pesticide enforcement cooperative agreement program. States and
Indian Tribes not currently involved with the cooperative agreement program will
be encouraged to participate by the Regions. The Regions will conduct inspections
in states without cooperative enforcement agreements. State inspector training
will be coordinated through the Regions to ensure that the statutes are properly
enforced and cases are legitimately developed. Technical and compliance
assistance will be conducted at the Regional level to dissemina the information
to the regulated community, the public, and the states. In tr laboratory data
integrity program, three Regions support Headquarters by conducting inspections
to monitor compliance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations at
laboratories engaged in testing in response to FIFRA requirements. An increase
of 2.0 total workyears will allow Regional offices to continue to develop
compliance activities to address pesticide contamination of ground water.
Activities will include developing and refining specific strategies to address
unique local conditions and problems.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,500,400 supported by 154.3
total workyears for this program, of which $6,313,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,187,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Of the total workyears, 28.0 are supported by the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund.
In 1991, the Agency is continuing to emphasize state participation in
pesticide compliance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative
enforcement agreements. There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
states and territories and eleven additional agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. Federal compliance monitor! g activities continue in states
without cooperative agreements. Other Federal responsibilities include import and
export surveillance, technical and compliance assistance to the states and the
regulated community, and operation of a computer system maintaining pesticide
producer establishment and production records and other related enforcement data.
Tracking and enforcement of pesticide registration requirements will continue to
be a vital component of the Federal compliance program.
Two new initiatives are being implemented this year. The groundwater
enforcement initiative addresses concerns regarding pesticide residues in
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community and rural domestic drinking water wells. Regions conduct pesticide use
enforcement inspections and case development for Federal compliance strategies
which seek to prevent and remedy groundwater contamination. The container
disposal initiative requires the enforcement of revised regulations on storage,
disposal, transportation, and recall of pesticides and pesticide containers.
These regulations are required by FIFRA 88 and provide for the revocation of
primacy in States unless the Administrator determines that they have an adequate
enforcement program for enforcing the container rinsate regulations. Regions are
preparing guidance to assist States to enforce the new requirements.
1990 Accompli shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,174,500 supported by 133.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,628,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $545,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Of the total workyears, 14.3 were supported by the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Fund.
A total of 55 cooperative enforcement agreements were in place with states
and territories , plus another eleven agreements with Indian Tribes and tribal
organizations, in 1990. As part of the cooperative agreement program, the Agency
supplemented training for state inspectors, chemists and case development staff.
In 1990, Regions implemented worker protection enforcement activities. As
a result of this initiative, a large number of label changes were required and an
increased level of enforcement activity needed to monitor the larger resultant
regulated community was required.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,803,400 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. States will
ensure compliance with the worker protection and groundwater regulations.
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 55
participating states and territories , and eight agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. The cooperative enforcement agreement program continues to
be the primary means for ensuring public and environmental safety from hazardous
pesticides by enforcing the requirements of FIFRA.
State activities will include use and re-entry investigations, pesticide
producer establishment and marketplace inspections, applicator license and record
inspections, and dealer record inspections.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,803,400 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the Agency is continuing 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
states and territories, and eight additional agreements with Indian Tribes and
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tribal organizations. These agreements emphasize user compliance with label
directions for proper use and application, as well as manufacturer adherence to
product formulation requirements under FIFRA. Inspections also address applicator
licenses and records, producer establishments, marketplaces, and pesticide
dealers. The states are increasingly emphasizing use inspections in the
expectation that use compliance produces the greatest overall environmental
benefit. State programs are being developed to enforce new container rinsate,
disposal, storage, transportation, and recall provisions of the 1988 Amendments
to FIFRA.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $12,392,200 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States began to ensure coordination with all agencies responsible for the
safety of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, notify prospective
constituents of the provisions of the final rule, and conduct worker protection-
related inspections, incident investigations and legal action. The inspections
ensured that product labeling includes the new worker protection statements and
focused on new use-related requirements under the revised regulations.
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7. Radiation
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research . ..... 7-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ...... 7-10
Health Effects 7-11
Environmental Engineering and Technology ..... 7-12
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines «... 7-14
Radiation Program Implementation ... , . 7-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 7-21
Radon Action Program 7-25
Radon Action Program Implementation . 7-30
Radon State Grant Program 7-33
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ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
RADIATION
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
APWtt^'^TlON
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries t Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research £ Development
TOTAL, Radiation
$11,372.2 $14,471.8 $14,473.9 $15,150.9 $677.1
$20,481.6 $21,712.7 $21,712.7 $21,612.7 -$100.0
$2,196.5 $2,769.5 $2,769.5 $2,863.6 $94.1
$14.550.3 $18,956.0 138,956.0 $39,627.2 $671.2
PERMANENT UORKTEARS
TOTAL WOfiKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
247.7 298.1 298.1 312.2 14.1
257.5 301.2 301.2 312.2 11.0
$22,332.3 $35,967.7 $35,967.6 $36,369.6 $402.0
The "Indoor Radon Abatement Act of 1988" authorizes
$45 milUor» ovtr 1989, 1990 and 1991. Authorization
for the Indoor Radon Abatement Act expires on
September 30, 1991. All other authorization except
for Research and Development is by virtue of the
Appropriation Act. The Environmental Research,
Development and Demonstration Act expired September 30,
1981. Reauthorization ii pending.
7-1
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RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program to protect the public
health and environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure is derived from
several statutes including: the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Clean Air Act,
the Atonic Energy Act; the Public Health Service Act; the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act; the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; and
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. These Acts authorize a wide
range of regulatory, assessment, assistance, and research activities . The Agency
also performs some oversight functions for programs with enforcement authority
vested in other agencies.
£PA*s radiation program has four major objectives:
* Reduce adverse health effects and environmental impacts from
radiation exposure through a program of standards and guidelines .
* Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and
their potential impact.
* Respond to issues of serious public concern.
* Maintain the capability to respond to emergencies and to aid
development and testing of federal, state, and local plans for
emergency response.
To accomplish these objectives, IPA assesses and regulates sources of
airborne radionuclides; evaluates and regulates radioactive waste disposal;
provides site assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples;
operates a Radon Action Program; operates the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System (ERAMS) ; develops protective action guides to provide guidance
to officials on preventive and remedial actions; and responds to radiological
emergencies . The Office of Radiation Programs will highlight the following areas
in 1992:
Implement Existing MSHAPs ^and Jiev .Clean Ajbc: Act
EPA will emphasize implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
Activities include defining a major source of airborne radionuclides, as well as
individual source categories, and evaluating the adequacy of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (SRC) program to achieve the goals of the Act, In
addition, implementation of the existing National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for radionuclides will continue. These
activities will include: providing technical assistance; developing model state
^legislation for the control of radionuclides; 'establishing training programs for
implementation at the Regional and state levels; making the air emissions data
base available for "real time" use by the regions; and providing technical
assistance to inspection teams. Headquarters will also continue to assist
Regions with the technical review of modification, construction, waiver, and
variance applications. EPA is investigating additional source categories, such
as rare earth processing and geo thermal electrical production.
7-2
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In 1992 EPA will also work with the Department of Energy (DOE) and the NRC
to establish responsibilities for implementing the final NESHAPs for facilities
under their jurisdiction. EPA will continue to work with states to encourage
state radiation program development and to build state capacity to accept
responsibility for implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs. In response to strong
recommendations by the Science Advisory Board, the Agency will review risk
assessment models used tp determine radiation health risks.
Address the Problem of Radon Exposure in Structures
In 1992 the Radon Action Program will continue to assess the nation's radon
problems in homes, schools, workplaces, and other buildings. The final report
to Congress on the results of the National Schools Radon Survey will be issued,
and the Agency will initiate a technical assistance program to help states
conduct surveys in schools and non-residential day care centers. The Agency will
also assist two to three states and Indian nations to design and execute home
radon surveys. The report to Congress on the results of the Federal workplace
surveys will be completed, and protocols for measuring radon in workplaces will
be developed.
The Radon Measurement Proficiency Program will be expanded to include
testing for radon in water to support the promulgation of a radon drinking water
standard. The Agency will continue to operate the national radon information
clearinghouse, maintain the national radon database, provide national oversight
to the state grant program, and collect user fees for its proficiency and
training programs.
The Ad Council's national media campaign will be expanded with new messages
to promote public action on radon. The Agency will also expand its work with
organizations, such as the American Lung Association, to promote public action
at the community level. A real estate guide will be issued to educate buyers,
sellers, developers, lenders, and home inspectors about how radon should be
considered in real estate transactions and ways to effectively reduce risk.
The Agency will expand work with state and local governments, building code
organizations, and construction industry groups to promote the adoption of model
building codes. The program will provide quality assurance/quality control on
sample analysis and provide direct sample analysis, where necessary.
The Agency will continue to offer radon mitigation and prevention training
through the Regional Radon Training Centers, the new House Evaluation Program,
and various workshops. In addition, the Agency will design a national survey to
determine the severity of the radon problems in workplaces across the country.
Provide TecJhtnjLcjiJ^Agj^ Radioactive Pastes
The program will provide coordination, oversight, and technical support
among Regional and headquarters offices (e.g., Hazardous Waste Divisions, Office
of Federal Facility Enforcement) to ensure that radioactively contaminated
Federal facilities are cleaned up to acceptable EPA risk levels consistent with
the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreements.
7-3
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The program is composed of three primary elements: enhancement of regional
support for site specific problems addressed through the Federal Facility
Agreements; development of overall guidance and laboratory support that is
applicable to all Federal facility sites; and development of operational controls
for site characterization, sampling, handling, analysis, treatment, and disposal
of mixed waste (combination of radioactive waste and hazardous chemicals). The
latter is of particular concern for DOE sites since many have substantial amounts
of mixed waste.
During 1992 regional oversight of clean-ups at Federal facilities will be
enhanced by providing technical support, information transfer, and guidance
specific to radiation clean-up procedures. Development of risk based clean-up
goals for radioactively contaminated sites will also begin, thereby addressing
the fundamental issue: "How clean is clean?" The program will identify critical
technology problems associated with mixed waste clean-ups and test and evaluate
specific technologies that focus on the radioactive component.
Development of an EPA national "reference laboratory" for Agency-wide mixed
waste analysis will begin and will include establishment of mixed waste field
sampling, screening, handling, and shipping procedures. Generic EPA and DOE
•media-specific models to predict contaminant transport and exposure pathways at
prototypical sites will be identified, evaluated, and modified if required.
Radioanalytical procedures used by the Agency, other Federal agencies, states,
and the private sector for analysis of soil and water contamination will be
evaluated, revised, and updated. Standardized Agency-wide radioanalytical
protocols will be established and site audit procedures for radionuclides
developed. An integrated radiation health monitoring program for EPA employees,
including radiation health and safety training, will also be implemented.
Conduct; Research tc^JS^gpor^^he Radiation,:,Prggrap
To support EPA's Radon Action Program, the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) will demonstrate radon mitigation techniques in existing homes,
new construction, and schools. Cost-effective technologies for reducing levels
of radon in houses built in various types of soils will be demonstrated. Based
on test results, ORD will publish updated handbooks and technical manuals that
detail mitigation techniques for homeowners and builders.
ORD will continue to provide monitoring and quality assurance support to
laboratories that measure radionuclide emissions. Under an interagency agreement
with DOE, ORD will also conduct off-site monitoring around nuclear test sites.
EPA support includes long-term hydrological monitoring, developing a human
surveillance investigation program, and maintaining a radiation data base.
In 1992, new research will focus on developing a better understanding of
the health effects of electromagnetic radiation. The assessment program will
follow developments in laboratory and epidemiology carcinogenesis research,
concentrating on laboratory studies designed to determine the critical exposure
parameters related to adverse effects and on epidemiology results and associated
exposure measurements.
Consulting Services
7-4
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The Office of Air and Radiation will fund a limited amount of consulting
services in 1992. These will be limited to obtaining specialized expertise for
radioehemical analyses, nuclear emergency response training, and the development
of computer models.
7-5
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RADIATION
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
FR Notices
Proposals
Promulgations/Neg. Det
Simpson Amend, finding .
ACTUAL
1990
CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
1991 1992 1992 VS 1991
1
1
12
m m
0
3
5
1
0
0
4
0
0
-3
-1
-1
Key for Cumulative Outputs:
1990;
1991:
1992:
Radionuclide NESHAPs promulgated for 9 source categories
Negative determination final for 3 source categories
Stay for Subpart I
Proposed rule for Phosphogypsum
1 low-level waste standard proposed
1 high level waste standard proposed
Proposal for Elemental Phosporous
Final rule for Underground Uranium Mines, Mill Tailings
disposal, & Mill Tailings Operations
Final rule for Phosphogypsum
1 final Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act standard
promulgated
Finding on NRC Program
1 low level waste standard promulgated
1 high level waste standard promulgated
Final rule for Elemental Phosphorous
Final rule for NRC
7-6
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research . . . 7-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 7-10
Health Effects 7-11
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-12
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Honftoring Systems £
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$276.8
$276.8
Health Effects *
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology • Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research £ Development
$169.1
$169.1
$750.0
$750.0
$169.1
$169.1
$750.0
$750.0
$176.9
$176.9
$60.1
$875.0
S935.1
TOTAL
$1,092.2 $1,053.5 $1,053.5 $872.4
$2,196.5 $2,019.5 $2,019.5 $1,988.6
S3,288.7 $3,073.0 $3,073.0 $2,861.0
$7.8
$7.8
$60.1
$125.0
$185.1
-$181.1
-S30.9
-$212.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Radiation Research
$1,369.0 $1,222.6 $1,222.6 $1,109.4 -$113.2
$2,196.5 $2,769.5 $2,769.5 -$2,863.6 $94.1
TOTAL $3,565.5 $3,992.1 $3,992.1 $3,973.0 -$19.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
4.4 4.7 4.7 4.7
0.0
Health Effects -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
technology - Radiation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
1.0 1.0
18.4 17.7 17.7 14.7 -3.0
22.8 22.4 22.4 20.4 -2.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.7
0.0
7-7
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Health Effects -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology * Radiation
TOTAL iiORICYEARS
18.4
22.8
17.7
22.4
17.7
22.4
1.0
14.7
20.4
1.0
-3.0
-2.0
7-8
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
PrincipalOutputs
1992: o Report on radon reduction via natural ventilation
(Engineering).
o Report on the performance of selected radon transport blocking
substrates (Engineering).
o Report on radon reduction measures in attached dwellings
(Engineering).
1991: o Annual report for calendar year 1990 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring).
o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison
studies (Monitoring).
o Third annual international symposium on radon and radon
reduction technology (Engineering).
o Report on sub-slab depressurization for low-permeability fill
soil-design (Engineering).
o Draft guidance manual on radon resistant new construction in
schools (Engineering).
1.9.9 Q: o Annual report for calendar year 1989 on off-site surveillance
around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring).
o Second annual international symposium on Radon and Radon
Reduction Technology (Engineering).
o Update of the guidance to mitigation professionals, do-it-
yourself homeowners, and State officials on radon mitigation
techniques for existing homes (Engineering).
o Report on initial school mitigation studies (Engineering).
7-9
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,973,000 supported by 81.4 total workyears
for 1992, a decrease of $19,100 and 2 total workyears for 1991. Of the request,
$1,109,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,863,600
will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of $113,200
in Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $94,100 in Research and
Development appropriation.
Pro grain Ob lee t ive s
ORD provides the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and other EPA, Federal,
Regional, State and local officials with the scientific data, methods,
assessments and mitigative techniques necessary to determine and control public
exposure to radon and other radioactive materials in the environment. Scientists
provide comprehensive radiological monitoring and surveillance services to meet
specific Department of Energy (DOE) requirements for its nuclear testing
programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site. This research is conducted under
a reimbursable arrangement with DOE. ORD also conducts a radiochemical
analytical quality assurance program which supports Federal, State, and local
laboratories making radioactivity measurements. ORD conducts research on
demonstrating and evaluating techniques to prevent and mitigate exposure to radon
gas in existing homes, new home construction, and school buildings, ORD has
initiated a program investigating electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
MONITORING SYSTEKS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $176,900 supported by 4.7 total workyears
for this research program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed
to implement the President's program in 1992, and there is no change in total
workyears. ,
ORD will provide the data needed by policy-makers to make decisions
regarding the control of public exposure to radioactive materials. Monitoring
support for DOE at the Nevada Test Site and other test locations will be
provided. This support consists of a radiation safety monitoring program, a
long-term hydrological monitoring program, a human surveillance investigation
program, and maintenance of the radiation data base. ORD also provides technical
expertise and guidance to Regional, State, and contractor laboratories for
radiochemical analyses of environmental samples. ORD scientists conduct inter-
laboratory comparison studies to provide data on the precision and accuracy of
radioactivity measurements in milk, drinking water, and air.
7-10
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1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $169,100 supported by 4.7
total workyears for this research program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation. ORD's monitoring staff will routinely monitor off-site
areas and provide support during nuclear tests to the Department of Energy at the
Nevada Test Site and other installations. ORD will provide support to the site
characterization studies of Yucca Mountain under consideration as a potential for
the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Research activities will include
both baseline studies and monitoring during facility construction. ORD will
conduct a quality assurance program for Regional, State, and contractor
laboratories involved in the radiochemical analyses of radionuclides in
environmental samples.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $276,800 supported by 4.4 total
workyears for this research program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation. ORD published annual reports on the laboratory
radionuclide intercomparison studies and the off-site surveillance program.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $935,100 supported by 1.0 total workyear for
this research program, of which $60,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $875,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a increase of $60,100 in S&E, $125,000 in R&D,
and 1.0 total workyear. The increase in S&E is to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. Additional ftr-ds are
provided for research on electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Scientists will
determine the mechanism of action and the exposure conditions under which EMR
promotes or induces the development of cancer, reproductive, and developmental
effects. Scientists will conduct more accurate exposure assessments by
quantifying the dose-response relationships and determining the appropriate
measure of health hazard of EMR.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $750,000 from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD researchers will complete an initial assessment
of the current knowledge associating exposure to EMR to various health outcomes
(e.g., cancer, reproductive/developmental effects, and effects on the nervous
system). ORD will identify ongoing efforts being conducted by other Federal,
public and private institutions and will identify major unaddressed research
issues identified as a basis for the initial program.
CongressionalDirectives. A total of $750,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Electromagnetic Radiation Research.
7-11
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,861,000 supported by 14,7 total workyears
for this research program, of which $872,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,988,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents decrease of $181,100 in S&E and $30,900 in R&D,
and 3.0 total workyears. The decrease in funding reflects a reduction in
research on radon mitigation for new buildings and planned increases in school
mitigation.
Exposure to indoor radon gas poses a significant risk to public health.
The objective of the radon mitigation research program is to develop and
demonstrate technology that achieves an indoor air quality that is as free of
radon as the ambient air outside. For 1992, ORD will demonstrate and evaluate
mitigation techniques in existing homes, evaluate preventive measures for new
homes under construction, and evaluate mitigation techniques for school
buildings. Research will focus on experiments using pilot scale models to
measure the relative importance of certain buildings and soil features. In the
school research program, scientists will demonstrate the effectiveness of sub-
slab suction systems and building pressurization via HUAC systems in a variety
of geological and climatic conditions. Scientists will assess whether radon
mitigation techniques presently used in houses are effective in schools and ORD
will provide the results from this research to State agencies and local school
districts.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §3,073,000 supported by 17.7
total workyears for this research program, of which $1,053,500 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,019,500 is from the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD will develop an understanding of the fundamental
physical mechanisms that influence indoor radon entries. ORD scientists will
develop and demonstrate radon mitigation technologies which will reduce indoor
radon levels to 4 pCi/L in both new and existing homes, and in schools.
Scientists will develop techniques appropriate for a representative sample of
home construction types, geological characteristics, geographic variations, and
initial radon levels. ORD will develop and demonstrate radon mitigation
techniques for schools and will assist the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) in
providing technical assistance to Regional offices, States, and local school
authorities. ORD will examine the structural, architectural, and ventilation
differences between homes and schools to determine when the unique
characteristics of school buildings alter the effectiveness of previously
examined mitigation techniques.
199Q Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,288,700 supported by 18.4 total
workyears for this research program, of which $1,092,200 was from the Salaries
and Expenses Appropriation and $2,196,500 was from the Reseajch and Development
Appropriation. Demonstrations of radon mitigation techniques were conducted in
existing homes, new home construction, and in schools. ORD focused on those
structures that were "challenging to mitigate", including crawl space sub-
7-12
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structures and alternative geologies (expansive soils, coarse dry lands).
Researchers in the new buildings program addressed how building designs could
include sub-slab suction systems. Scientists also addressed the potential
maintenance problems and long-term durability issues of existing mitigation
systems. Researchers in the school radon reduction program provided the first
clear indication that residential sub-slab suction systems had applicability in
some larger structures. ORJ) staff provided technical information to community
leaders and participating homeowners at these demonstration sites.
7-13
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-14
Radiation Program Implementation ...... 7-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7—21
Radon Action Program ........... ...... 7-25
Radon Action Program Implementation ...... 7-30
Radon State Grant Program 7-33
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Criteria,
Standards A Guidelines
Salaries I Expenses $3,653.8 $4,004.9 $4,004.9 $4,145.3 $140.4
Abatement Control and $1,836.6 $2,194.6 $2,194,4 $2,194,4
Compliance
TOTAL $5,490.4 $6,199.3 $6,199.3 $6,339.7 $140.4
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses $3,653.8 $4,004.9 $4,004.9 44.145.3 $140.4
Abatement Control and $1,836.6 $2,194,4 $2.194.4 $2,194.4
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL $5,490.4 $6,199,3 $6,199.3 $6,339.7 $140.4
Standards & Guidelines
PERHANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 57.0 61.6 61.6 61.6 0.0
Standards I Guidelines
TOTAL PERHANENT UORKYEARS 57.0 61.6 61.6 61.6 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 59.5 61.6 61.6 61.6 0.0
Standards i Guidelines
TOTAL MORKTEARS 59.5 61.6 61.6 61.6 0.0
7-14
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,339,700 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for 1992. Of the request, $4,145,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $140,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, no increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no increase in workyears from 1991.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,339,700 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,145,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $140,400 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This increase is requested to fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992.
In 1992 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on implementing the final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar year 1989.
The Agency will continue to promote the transfer of NESHAPs implementation
responsibilities to the states. This effort will include the development of
guidance and criteria for state permit programs for the radionuclide NESHAPs.
Under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Agency will also define a major
source for radionuclides and determine whether the NRC oversight program provides
an adequate margin of safety. The Agency will develop model state guidance for
the control of airborne radionuclides, establish training programs for
implementing these standards at the Regional and state levels, maintain a
national data base related to the implementation program, and provide technical
assistance to enforcement efforts.
EPA will promulgate final standards-for the disposal of low-level and high-
level radioactive wastes. The Agency will also begin to develop guidance on the
cleanup of residual radioactivity. Over 20,000 sites (including DOE facilities
and over 100 nuclear power reactors) exist where radioactive materials are used.
Many of these will be candidates for decommissioning over the next several
decades. Without controls, lifetime health risks could be as high as one in 100.
Billions of dollars potentially could be wasted by inadequate clean-up efforts.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will issue draft
interim protective action guides for ingestion (food and water) pathways,
initiate development of a draft interim protective action guide for accident
contamination recovery, initiate development of a training program for
implementing these protective action guides, and complete training programs for
7-15
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the early phase (evaluation and sheltering) and relocation protective action
guides.
In 1992 EPA will also perform exposure assessment, modeling and measurement
studies to identify and characterize sources of electromagnetic radiation. The
Agency will begin to evaluate what is known about mitigation techniques and their
utility, and continue to develop public information/outreach materials
1991Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,199,300 supported by 61.6
total workyears for this program, of which $4,004,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,194,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 EPA is beginning the implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990. Activities include defining a major source, as well as individual
source categories, and evaluating the adequacy of the NRG program to achieve the
goals of the new Act. In addition, implementation of the existing NESHAPs will
continue. These activities will include: providing technical assistance;
developing model state legislation for the control of radionuclides; establishing
training programs for implementation at the Regional and state levels; making the
air emissions data base available for "real time" use by the Regions; and
providing technical assistance to inspection teams. Headquarters will also
continue to assist Regions with the technical review of modification,
construction, waiver, and variance applications. EPA is investigating additional
source categories, such as rare earth processing and geothermal electrical
production.
EPA is proposing standards for the disposal of low-level and high-level
radioactive wastes, and will consider the feasibility of a negotiated rulemaking
for high-level waste. The Agency is also beginning to develop guidance on the
clean up of residual radioactivity. Over 20,000 sites (including DOE facilities
and over 100 nuclear power reactors) exist where radioactive materials are used.
Many of these will be candidates for decommissioning over the next several
decades.
Protective action guides for ingestion (food and water) and recovery are
being developed and will be reviewed by other federal agencies. A training
program will be initiated for the recovery protective action guide. The Agency
is seeking clearance with the other Federal agencies for the issuance of proposed
revisions to the guidance for the general public on radiation protection. Risk
assessment work is being conducted in support of all of the activities carried
out in this program.
EPA is also evaluating the scientific literature on the potential
carcinogenicity of electromagnetic radiation, pie final report will be completed
in 1991. Also, EPA is conducting field measurement surveys and modeling studies
to investigate particular source problems, and will develop informational
materials for the public.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated $5,490,400 and 59.5 total workyears for this
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program, of which $3,653,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,836,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA concentrated on three major program areas: addressing airborne
radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste management, and
developing Federal guidance. The Agency focused the 1990 airborne radionuclides
effort on implementing the final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar year 1989. The
Agency initiated a program to promote the transfer of NESHAPs implementation
responsibilities to the states and provided guidance to those states seeking
delegation of authority. EPA also conducted pilot Regional and state training
prograas and provided guidance to the Regions on implementing the regulations.
In addition, the Agency worked to develop a national data base on radionuclide
emissions for the implementation program. Finally, the Agency reviewed requests
for construction, waivers, or alternative standards.
As part of the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste disposal,
EPA continued its efforts to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking for the land
disposal of low-level radioactive waste, including naturally occurring and
accelerator produced materials. In order to provide required implementation
assistance to the Regions and states, the Agency worked to develop site
evaluation guidance and a site evaluation model as well as other user-friendly
computer models.
EPA also worked to develop new high-level waste standards as required by
a court remand. The Agency worked to complete a background information document
and an economic assessment. In addition, the Agency worked to augment existing
standards for inactive mill tailings sites under the Uranium Hill Tailings
Radiation Control Act with the repr omul gat ion of standards for ground water
protection at these sites.
The Agency maintained its radiofrequency measurement capabilities and
conducting limited field studies for electromagnetic radiation. The Agency
continued to provide technical advice, assistance, and oversight.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA issued revised draft
interim protective action guides for early phase and relocation and initiated
development of draft interim protective action guides for ingestion pathways.
The Agency is conducted a training program to help ensure the uniform application
of protective action guides nationwide in emergency situations.
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses 1392.7 $857.8 $857.8 $901.2 $43.4
TOTAL $392.7 $857.8 $857.8 $901.2 $43.4
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses $1.426.0 $2,583.5 $2,583.5 $3,026.9 $443.4
Radiation Program TOTAL $1,426.0 $2,583.5 $2,583.5 $3,026.9 $443.4
Implementation
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Program 6.5 15.5 15.5 17.0 1.5
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 27.1 51.0 51.0 57.1 6.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Radiation Program 7.5 17.0 17.0 ' 17.0 0.0
Implementation
TOTAL UORKYEARS 30.3 54.1 54.1 57.1 3.0
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $901,200 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for 1992, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $43,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
no change in total workyears from 1991.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $901,200 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1991 of $43,400 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the Federal
workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992.
In 1992 Regional offices will review approximately 40 emergency response
plans and test 65. When accidental releases of radioactivity occur, the Regions
will assist state agencies in interpreting Agency information and guidance and
present information regarding radiation levels to the public. Regional staffs
will participate and assist states in identifying and assessing sites that are
contaminated with radioactivity and will serve as a liaison between headquarters
and field operations in remedial action programs for sites in their Regions,
Regional offices will continue to work with their states to encourage
delegation of authority for the radionuclide NESHAPs. The Regions will also
review and make decisions on applications from regulated facilities for
construction permits, modifications to facilities, and waivers and exemptions.
Regional staff will also provide technical assistance for enforcement activities
and necessary coordination between headquarters and radiation facilities when the
national program is directly involved in implementing radionuclides NESHAPs,
Finally, the Regions, along with headquarters, will assist the states in
developing permitting programs under the new Act.
The Regions will provide information on radiation problems posed by
electromagnetic field exposures. Technical assistance will be provided to state
and local radiation programs in their investigation of special problems and
sources of electromagnetic fields.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $857,800 supported by 17.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1991 the Regions are participating fully in all aspects of the
radionuclide NESHAPs implementation program. Currently, many state radiation
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programs are not adequate to assume delegated auth ~v for implementing the
radionuclide NESHAPs. Consequently, the Agency must i primary responsibility
for implementing the program. Much of this task > fall on the Regional
offices. They are performing many of the initial per^utting functions while at
the same time working to strengthen state radiation programs to accept delegated
authority for implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs. The Regions are also
reviewing applications from ^gulated facilities for construction permits,
modifications to facilities, ai\~ waivers and exemptions. .Regional staff are also
providing technical assistance for radionuclide NESHAPs enforcement activities.
The test ng and evaluation of state emergency response planning continues
to be an important element of Regional operations, along with the review of
updated plans. EPA continues to assist states in the development of radiological
emergency response plans and will formally review these plans along with other
Federal agencies. Also, the Regions are involved with state agencies and the
public in presenting and interpreting Agency information ari guidance regarding
radiation problems in their area.
The Regions continue to be the primary reviewers of environmental impact
statements for radiation facilities, such as commercial nuclear power plants,
uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal facilities. They also
respond to special problems involving actual or potential radiation releases or
exposures.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $392,700 supported by 7.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990 the Regions worked to participate in all aspects of the
implementation program for emission sources* within their geographic boundaries
covered by NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides. The Regions also provided
coordination necessary where the national program is directly involved in
implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs in areas such as waivers and alternate
requirements.
In addition, the Regional radiation program continued to focus on emergency
preparedness and technical assistance to states, including participation in
Regional Assistance Committees, testing and evaluating emergency response plans,
and review of updated state and local 'emergency response plans. The Regions
continued as the primary reviewer of environmental impact statements for
radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste
disposal facilities.
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIHATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries 1 Expenses $2,796.2 $3,317,5 $3,317.5 £1,431.3 $113.8
Abatement Control and $29.5 $30.3 $30.3 $30.3
Compliance
TOTAL $2,825.7 $3,347.8 $3,347.8 $3,461.6 $113.8
TOTALS
Salaries £ Expenses $5,42.4 $6,662.8 $6,662.8 $6,869.3 $206,5
Abatement Control and $18,341.2 $19,518.3 $19,518.3 $19,418.3 -$100.0
Compliance
Radiation TOTAL $23,764.6 $26,181.1 $26,181.1 $26,287.6 $106.5
Environmental Impact
Assessment
PERMANENT WOB.KTEARS
Radiation Environmental 41.7 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT WJRKYEARS 85.7 102.1 102.1 102.1 0.0
TOTAL UORKVEARS
Radiation Environmental 44.5 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL UORKYEARS 89.8 102.1 102.1 102.1 0.0
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,461,600 supported by 51.0 total workyears
for 1992. Of the request, $3,431,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $113,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation.
RADIATION^NVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,461,600 supported by 51.0 total workyears
of which $3,431,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$30,300 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase from 1991 of $113,800 for the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed
to implement the President's program in 1992.
In 1992 the Agency will continue work to enhance its ability to respond to
nuclear accidents. This effort will include training additional radiation staff
and evaluating the mobile laboratories for equipment refitting or replacement.
Emergency response teams will monitor rocket launches in which radioactive
materials are involved.
The Agency will continue to augment or replace its radiation monitoring,
emergency response, and data equipment. As a major component of the overall
nuclear accident response capability, the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System operates 268 stations to sample air, precipitation, surface
water, and milk. These stations not only routinely provide information on
ambient radiation levels but also have the capability to provide near real-time
information on radiation levels caused by or resulting from nuclear accidents.
In addition, Agency staff periodically participate in tests that measure Federal
emergency response capabilities to ensure that personnel and equipment are
maintained in a state of readiness.
Technical analyses and associated quality assurance programs will continue
in support of regulatory development and implementation efforts. Support for
radionuclide NESHAPs implementation will continue through compliance field
studies and background information documents for low-level and high-level
radioactive waste will be completed. Laboratory support will be provided to
^states and Regions for radionuclide NESHAPs implementation including the analysis
of air samples. In addition, limited laboratory analytical support will be made
available to states and Indian nations requiring technical assistance to address
unique radiation problems.
In 1992 the Agency will continue to .enhance its ability to respond to
nuclear accidents. This effort will include training additional radiation staff
7-22
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and evaluating the mobile laboratories for equipment refitting or replacement.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,347,800 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,317,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $30,300 is from the Abatement r. Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991 EPA is continuing to support the development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards and guidance. This includes support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides and collecting and analyzing air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
EPA continues to maintain emergency response Capabilities at two field
locations and headquarters and to participate in field exercises scheduled by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency. In 1991 EPA participated in the launch of
the Ulysses satellite. Other activities include coordinating EPA Regional review
and testing of state emergency response plans; assisting other EPA offices and
state radiological programs; and operating the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System.
Analytical support for the development of protective action guides is also
continuing. Other activities include offering limited training and technical
support to states and to Indian nations having other problems related to
radiation contamination. Support provided to radiation regulatory activities is
focused on implementation of NESHAPs and the development of final rules for the
disposal of low-level and high-level radioactive waste. Specific activities in
support of NESHAPs implementation include field studies around regulated
facilities to determine compliance; development of analytical procedures; and
adaption of complex computer models for easy use by states and industry.
Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $2,825,700 supported by 44.5 total
workyears for this program of which $2,796,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $29,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 EPA continued to support the development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards and guidance. This included support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides and collecting and analyzing air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
EPA continued to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations and headquarters and participated in field exercises scheduled by the
Federal Emergency Management Agency. In calendar year 1990 EPA participated in
the response to three potentially uncontrolled releases of radiological
contamination: discharges at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant near Denver,
Colorado ; abandoned stores of radium at the Radium Chemical warehouse in New York
City, and the launch of the Atlantis Space Shuttle carrying the nuclear powered
satellite, Galileo. In 1990 EPA extended training for nuclear accident responses
to the radiation staff beyond the core group who normally participate in tests
7-23
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and exercises of the existing Federal emergency response plans. Other activities
included coordinating EPA Regional review and testing of state emergency response
plans; participation in contingency planning for the space shuttle launch
carrying the nuclear powered satellite, Ulysses, in the Autumn of 1990; assisting
other EPA offices and state radiological programs; and operating ERAMS.
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MO I AT I (X
Radon Action Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries ft Expenses $2,627.2 $3,345.3 $3,345.3 $3,438.0 $92.7
Abutment Control and $17,476.6 $10,488.0 $10,488.0 S10.388.0 -t 100.0
Compliance
TOTAL $20.103.8 $13,833.3 $13,833.3 $13,826.0 -$7.3
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses $2,627.2 $3,345.3 $3,345.3 $3,438.0 $92.7
Abatement Control and $17,476.6 $10,488.0 $10,488.0 $10,388.0 -$100.0
Compliance
ftadon Action Program TOTAL $20,103.8 $13,833.3 $13,833.3 $13,826.0 -$7.3
PERMANENT UORCTEARS
Radon Action Program 44.6 51.1 51.1 51.1 0.0
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 44.0 51.1 51.1 51.1 0.0
TOTAL UORKTEARS
Radon Action Program 45.3 51.1 51.1 51.1 0.0
TOTAL UORKTEARS 45.3 51.1 51.1 51.1 0.0
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,826,000 supported by 51.1 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $7,300 and no change in total workyears from
1991. Of the request, $3,438,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,388,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $92,700 In the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $100,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
In 1992 the Agency expects to collect $2,500,000 in fees from five programs:
the Radon Measurement Proficiency (RHP) program, the Radon Contractor Proficiency
(RCP) program examination, the classroom training course, the field training
course, and the instructor training course.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1992 Pm Reuest
The Agency requests a total of $13,826,000 supported by 51.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,438,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,388,000 will be for tha Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $92,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $100,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
In 1992 the Radon Action Program will continue to assess the nation's radon
problems in homes, schools, workplaces, and other buildings. The final report
to Congress on the results of the National Schools Radon Survey will be issued,
and the Agency will initiate a technical assistance program to help states
conduct surveys in schools and non-residential day care centers. The Agency will
also assist two to three states and Indian nations to design and execute home
radon surveys. The report to Congress on the results of the Federal workplace
surveys will be completed, and protocols for measuring radon in workplaces will
be developed. In addition, the Agency will design a national survey to determine
the severity of the radon problems in workplaces across the country.
The Agency will continue to offer radon mitigation and prevention training
through the Regional Radon Training Centers, the House Evaluation Program, and
various workshops. The Agency will expand work with state and local governments,
building code organizations, and construction industry groups to promote the
adoption of model building codes.
The program will provide quality assurance/quality control on sample
analysis and provide direct sample analysis, where necessary. The Agency will
continue to operate the national radon information clearinghouse, maintain the
national radon database, provide national oversight to the state grant program,
and begin the collection of user fees for its proficiency and training programs .
7-26
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The Ad Council's national media campaign will continue with new messages
to promote public action on radon. The Agency will also continue its work with
the American Lung Association to promote public action at the community level.
A real estate guide will be issued to educate buyers, sellers, developers,
lenders, and home inspectors about how radon should be considered in real estate
transactions and ways to effectively reduce risk. The Agency will continue to
offer radon mitigation and prevention training through the Regional Radon
Training Centers, the House Evaluation Program, the new House Evaluation Program,
and various workshops.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,833,300 supported by 51.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,345,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,488,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 EPA continues a comprehensive Radon Action Program through
partnerships with states to minimize the health risks of radon exposure. The
Agency will continue to assess the nation's radon problems in homes, schools, and
other public buildings. The Agency will also complete design of the national
survey of radon in schools and initiate the survey. This survey will target
high-risk areas, characterize the nature and extent of radon contamination in the
nation's school buildings, and be complemented by the transfer of more detailed
information about measurement and mitigation techniques to schools throughout the
country. EPA is also providing assistance to three to five states in the design
and execution of state-wide radon surveys, as well as to two Indian nations.
The national Radon Contractor Proficiency Program continues to evaluate the
capability of mitigation firms and make the information available to the states
and public. EPA is providing radon mitigation and prevention training through
regional training centers; the House Evaluation Programs, which provide hands-on
radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention training to state personnel,
private contractors, and home builders; the transfer of measurement and
mitigation information to school officials through hands-on training and
workshops; and the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course. The Agency
is completing national model building standards for release to the public. The
Agency is also working with building code organizations and local governments to
promote the adoption of these standards.
The Agency continues to operate the national Radon Measurement Proficiency
Program and provide information to the states and the public on the proficiency
of measurement firms. EPA is also providing assistance to states in dealing with
critical radon problems and continues to develop the capabilities of state
programs through oversight of the state grant program. The Agency is developing
a national radon database and a national radon information clearinghouse. The
Agency will also promulgate user fee regulations.
EPA is completing revisions to the revised edition of the public
information brochure, "A Citizen's Guide to Radon." The updated brochure will
include information on health risks to special populations, costs and feasibility
of radon mitigation, and a series of recommended action levels. The Agency is
continuing the national media campaign in cooperation with the Ad Council and is
developing a cooperative agreement with the American Lung Association to conduct
7-27
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public eduction and Information programs. Other public information activities
will include developing information and audiovisual materials for target
audiences, co-sponsoring regional meetings with selected national organizations,
and sponsoring a national radon symposium.
State programs being funded through the Federal grants include activities
such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment, mitigation,
and control programs; developing public Information and .educational materials;
developing data storage and management systems; operating radon hotlines; and
purchasing analytical equipment. Under this program element, headquarters, in
cooperation with the regions, develops the specific criteria used to evaluate
state grant applications, reviews applications, and administers the grant funds,
Congressional Directives, A total of $100,000 is for the Congressional!;/
directed project of training minority and women contractors on radon mitigation.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of §20,103,800 supported by 45.3 total
workyears, of which $2,627,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $17,476,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA continued to implement a comprehensive Radon Action Program to
address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. The Agency completed
the field operation and data collection phase of the national survey of radon in
residences and the design of a national survey of radon in schools, and worked
to develop protocols for measuring radon in schools, initiated development of
Measurement protocols for workplaces, and assisted Federal agencies with
workplace studies. EPA also continued to assist individual states and Indian
nations in the design and execution of surveys, including the collection of
screening measurements in homes and the presentation of analyses of potentially
high-risk radon areas to the public.
The Agency also initiated the national Radon Contractor Proficiency Program
to evaluate the capability of firms to mitigate radon. EPA assisted Federal
agencies through mitigation training and continued the transfer of measurement
and mitigation information to school officials through hands-on training and
workshops. Other radon mitigation and prevention activities included continuing
the House Evaluation Program, development of national model building standards,
and the offering of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course to
augment the regional training center program.
EPA is also continued the national Radon Measurement Proficiency Program to
assure consumers of the ability of firms to accurately measure radon levels. In
addition, the Agency continued efforts to develop the capabilities of state and
local personnel through three regional training centers and established one
additional regional training center to be shared by EPA Regions 4 and 6. The
iAgency also worked to design a national indoor radon database and a national
radon information clearinghouse to collect and disseminate information on the
radon problem.
EPA worked to develop technical and public information materials for
distribution to state and Federal officials, the private sector, and homeowners.
The Agency continued data evaluation and analysis to revise "A Citizen's Guide
7-28
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to Radon" and prepared a draft of the document. EFA conducted a national media
campaign in cooperation with the Ad Council and continued regional meetings for
health professionals with the American Medical Association. EFA and the American
Medical Association worked to jointly developing a brochure on radon health
effects for distribution this year.
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program iMplementatlon
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Uplwentatf on
SalaHM ft Expenses $1,033.3 $1,725.7 $1,725.7 $2,125.7 $400.0
TOTAL $1,033.3 $1,725.7 $1,725.7 $2.125.7 $400.0
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses $1,033.3 $1,725.7 $1,725.7 $2,125.7 $400.0
Radon Action Program TOTAL $1,033.3 $1,725.7 $1,725.7 $2,125.7 $400.0
mploKntation
PERMANENT UORKTEARS
Radon Action Program 20.6 35.5 35.5 40.1 4.6
lapleawntation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKTEARS 20.6 35.5 35.5 40.1 4.6
TOTAL HORICTEARS
Radon Actfon Program 22.8 37.1 37.1 40.1 3.0
luplcmentation
TOTAL UDRKYIARS 22.8 37.1 37.1 40.1 3.0
7-30
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,125,700 supported by 40.1 total workyears
for 1992, an increase $400,000 and 3.0 total workyears from 1991. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1992 PypEJr*"" Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,125,700 supported by 40.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $400,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of 3.0 total workyears from 1991. The
increases will be used to increase regional training activities, promote the
adoption of radon building codes at the state and local levels, and conduct
public information and educational activities.
In 1992 Regional staff will continue to work through partnerships developed
with states to implement the Agency's Radon Action Program. Regional staff will
work with states to conduct EPA-assisted statewide surveys, and will help states
that have completed their surveys to interpret the results and design effective
follow-up programs. Two to three states and Indian Nations will conduct surveys
in 1992. The Regions will also continue to participate in the House Evaluation
Programs .
The Regions will be the focal point for Implementation of the radon state
grant program in 1992. Regions will review state grant applications against
established criteria and will ensure that grant funds are used effectively.
The Regions will work with the headquarters program, the states, and local
governments in the design and implementation of surveys in schools, daycare
centers, and workplaces, especially in Federal buildings, to further identify
elevated radon levels. The Regions will provide direct oversight to the regional
training centers, which also conduct testing for the national Radon Contractor
Proficiency Program. The Regions will also work with states and local
governments for the adoption of radon building standards and will provide advice
and assistance to states that want to establish additional consumer protection
functions, such as licensing measurement and mitigation contractors.
The Regions will continue to provide information to states and members of
the public. They will participate in or conduct educational programs, symposia,
and workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,725,700 supported by 37.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
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appropriation.
The regional activities of the Radon Action Program focus on the
dissemination of technical skills and information to the states to develop their
radon capabilities. These activities include implementation of the House
Evaluation Program which offers radon mitigation and prevention training, helping
the states design and implement surveys, providing assistance to states in their
development of radon monitoring capabilities, overseeing the regional radon
training centers which provide measurement and mitigation training, administering
the state grants program in cooperation with headquarters, and providing
technical assistance as requested. Support is also provided to the states to
help them deal with the most critical radon problems as they are discovered; this
support Is aimed at promoting state self-sufficiency. The regions also
distribute EPA's public information materials, develop local public information
campaigns, and participate in numerous radon public awareness activities
(speeches, talk shows, school presentations, media interviews, etc.). Regional
personnel address public interest groups, the real estate and construction
industries, and others interested in the public health benefits that can be
realized by reducing radon exposures.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $1,033,300 supported by 22.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1990 Regional offices continued to coordinate activities to support the
implementation of the radon program by providing direct support to the states in
the development of state capabilities. This included assistance in developing
state survey designs, review of state plans for participation in the national
assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the development of state radon
capabilities, participation in the House Evaluation Program, and technical advice
and assistance to state and local governments.
The Regions oversaw the operation of the regional training centers and
provided assistance to states in their development of applications to the state
grant program. The Regions also participated in the presentation of tb Radon
Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course. The .Regions provided support to
states to deal with critical radon problems. The Regions also cor usd to
assist in the distribution of public information materials, conduct .treach
programs to the public and local agencies as part of a continuing radon
educational program, and participate in radon public awareness activities.
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RADIATION
Radon State Grants Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE »
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Radon State Grant* Program ':
Atettacnt Control and $835.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
Coaplfanc*
TOTAL $835.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
TOTAL:
Abattaent Control and $835.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
Coaplianc*
Radon State Grants TOTAL $835.1 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 $9,000.0 0.0
PrograB
7-33
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RADIATION
Radon State Grant Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for 1992. All of the request will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1991.
RADON STATIC GRANT PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
no change from 1991.
In 1992 EPA will continue to issue grants to states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon. State
programs funded through these Federal grants will continue to include activities
such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment, mitigation,
and control programs; developing public information and education materials;
developing data storage and management systems; operating radon hotlines; and
purchasing analytical equipment.
Headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, will continue to develop
criteria used to evaluate state use of grant funds. Administration of the grant
program will include giving consideration to whether states have made reasonable
efforts to ensure adoption of radon model construction standards and techniques.
State implementation of previously awarded radon grant funds will be reviewed and
also given consideration as new funds are distributed.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is obligating a total of $9,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement. Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991 state programs being funded through these Federal grants include
activities such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment,
mitigation, and control programs; developing public information and educational
materials; developing data storage and management systems; operating radon
hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment. Under this program element,
headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, develops the specific criteria
used to evaluate state grant applications, reviews applications, and administers
the grant funds.
1990 Accoinpl i jshpents
In 1990, for the -first time, EPA issued grants to states to assist them in
the development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon.
State programs funded through these Federal grants included activities such as
radon surveys; assessment, mitigation, and control programs; programs to develop
7-34
-------
public information and educational materials; development: of data storage and
management systems; operating radon hotlines; and purchase of analytical
equipment.
7-35
-------
8. Multimedia
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMBNTM. PROJECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research ............. ...... .... 8-5
Scientific Assessment ....... ...... ........ 8-15
Quality Assurance Management ..... ............ 8-17
Technical Information and Liaison ............... 8-18
Environmental Processes and Effects ........ ..... 8-20
Health Effects ........ ................ 8-21
Interdisciplinary Activities ................. 8-21
Ecological Status and Trends .... ..... . ....... 8-23
Core Research - Ecological Risk. ... .......... . . 8-23
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessments .. ..... ... 8-25
Human Exposure ...... ....... ..... . ..... 8-25
Core Research - Health Risk .. ........ . ....... 8-2$
Core Research - Risk Reduction ......... . ...... 8-27
Exploratory Research ..................... 8-29
Core Research - Grants and Centers . . ............. 8-29
Capital Investments .. ..... . ........... ... 8-31
Headquarters Operations ..... ....... ........ 8-31
Field Operations ... ....... ....... ...... 8-32
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination .... ..... ..... 8-33
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management .......... 8-38
Multimedia Training Grants ............ ........ 8-41
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support , . ...... ..... 8-43
Enforcement Policy and Operations ....... ........ 8-45
Criminal Investigations Program ................ 8-51
Technical Support ...... ........... ..... 8-54
Federal Facilities Enforcement ........ ........ 8-56
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
MULTIMEDIA
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS 1H THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Multimedia
$41,132.2 «9,853.7 $49,884.7 $58,361.8 $8,477.1
$11,641.3 $17,641.7 $17,641.7 $20,641.7 $3,000.0
$72,883.2 $110,372.5 $110,372.2 $136,006.5 $25,634.3
$125,656.7 $177,867.9 $177,898,6 $215,010.0 $37,111.4
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dimping Act
$60.9 $327.3 $327.3
$116,0 $116.0
-$327.3
-$116.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL yORKTEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
644.8 829.3 829.3 904.4 75.1
68S.6 849.4 849.4 904.4 55.0
$92,597.3 $173,348.9 $173,377.5 $195,936.8 $22,559.3
All authorization except for Research and Development
is by virtue of the Appropriation Act. The
Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration
Act expired September 30, 1981. fteauthorization is
pending.
8-1
-------
MULTIMEDIA
OVERVIEWAND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Multi-Media Program is
composed of several activities that promote an integrated approach to
environmental protection and that provide cross-media support to Agency
programs. The Multi-Media Program includes: the Multi-Media Research Program
within the Research and Development function; the Environmental Review and
Coordination Program, Multimedia Training Grants, and Cooperative
Environmental Management within the Abatement and Control function; and the
Legal Enforcement, Criminal Investigations, and Federal Facilities
Enforcement Program within the Enforcement function,
Research and Development
The Multi-Media Research Program is grouped into three areas of
activities -- technical assistance, basic "core research", and operating
expenses.
o Technical Assistance provides scientific, technical information
and analysis to media program offices, the Regions, and States:
Technical Information and Liaison;
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance;
Scientific Assessment.
o Core Research involves expanding knowledge on the risks to
ecosystems and human health and the methods to reduce those risks:
Ecological Risk;
Health Risk;
-- Risk Reduction;
Exploratory Grants and Centers.
o Operating Expenses support high-quality scientific research by
funding requirements such as laboratory supplies, equipment, ADP,
and human resource development:
Field Operations;
Headquarters Operations;
Capital Investments.
Abatement and Control
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, and includes three program activities as
well as support for Regional multi-media projects. The NEPA compliance
program assures EPA's actions comply with the -intent of NEPA. This includes
reviews that are the functional equivalent for those Ager-ey programs that are
not specifically covered by NEPA. The Environmental Review program ensures
that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally sound
manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309 of
the Clean Air Act.
8-2
-------
The Indians program develops and implements policies for dealing with
environmental problems on Indian lands. Regional raulti-media projects enable
innovative response to unique multi-media environmental problems. EPA's
technology transfer activities are intended to improve efficiency and
performance in environmental programs through technology transfer and
information exchange.
Multimedia Training Grants provide resources for course materials and
training of state and local environmental personnel in the areas of pollution
control and environmental engineering. The program also provides fellowship
support to minority students, expanding opportunities for training in the
environmental field.
The Cooperative Environmental Management Program identifies, documents,
and disseminates selective environmental practices to states, localities,
outside organizations, and the regulated community. The program also
identifies and promotes the development of innovative environmental
technologies through cooperative efforts with organizations outside of EPA.
Enforcement
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA
enforcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the most effective possible
stewardship of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they contribute to the
protection of environmental quality. To accomplish this goal, it establishes
compliance monitoring and enforcement priorities, policies, and procedural
guidelines so that enforcement actions are properly selected and prepared and
establishes measures to ensure policies and procedures are correctly
implemented by the media enforcement programs and Regional offices. It
conducts legal case development, litigation, and adjudicatory hearing
activities for media enforcement programs, including oversight of evidence
gathering, preparation and management of cases, and referral of cases to the
Department of Justice for litigation.
In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal investigations
effort which entails investigation, preparation, and referral of cases
involving criminal violations of environmental statutes. Investigators and
attorneys provide support to the Department of Justice during subsequent
investigations and litigation of these cases.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides
specialized technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation
activities. NEIC serves as a point o:, coordination and support for complex
investigations which have a national impact on environmental enforcement.
The Federal Facilities Enforcement Program ensures that Federal
facilities and government-owned-contractor-operator (COCO) facilities conduct
their activities in an environmentally sound manner and Federal agencies
comply with all environmental statutory and regulatory requirements. It also
ensures that Federal facilities take aitigative actions where their operations
could endanger the environment and/or human health.
Consulting Services: No consulting service activities in this program.
8-3
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ACTUAL
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
ESTIMATE
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 vs.
1991
Enforcement Actions
Adminis trative Orders
EPA
States (Third Quarter Data)
New Judicial Referrals
EPA Civil
EPA Criminal
State Civil (Third Quarter Data)
Civil Judicial Cases, Ongoing
Cases Start of Year
Cases Concluded
Active Consent Decrees
3,083
3,280
207
64
331
537
177
646
3,310
*
212
76
*
567
144
3,535
*
250
85
635
159
+225
*
+38
+ 9
*
+68
+15
Criminal Investigations
New
Start of Year
Defendants Charged
Contractor Listing
Delistings and Discretionary
Listings
Permit Support
RCRA
NDPES
UIC
110
194
59
63
208
210
547
136
211
*
64
135
300
534
157
*
*
75
210
228
516
+21
*
*
+11
+75
-72
-18
Penalties Assessed
Administrative
Civil
Criminal
$21,726,720
$37,197,622
$5,513,3,00
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Future year projections are not made for this data element.
8-4
-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MULTIMEDIA
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research .. .. 8-5
Scientific Assessment 8-15
Quality Assurance Management . 8-17
Technical Information and Liaison 8-18
Environmental Processes and Effects . . . . . 8-20
Health Effects , 8-21
Interdisciplinary Activities . 8-21
Ecological Status and Trends ...... 8-23
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-23
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessments .......... 8-25
Human Exposure . . 8-25
Core Research - Health Risk 8-25
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-27
Exploratory Research 8-29
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-29
Capital Investments 8-31
Headquarters Operations . 8-31
Field Operations 8-32
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Sclent ifft Assessment -
Multimedia
Salaries & Expenses $2,394.5 $2,873.2
Research & Development $4,678.3 $1,245.2
TOTAL $7,072.8 $4,118,4
Quality Assurance -
Management
Salaries & Expenses $888.7 $830.6
Research & Development $808.5 51,803.9
TOTAL $1,697.2 $2,639.5
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses $4,979.2 $4,951.8
Research & Development $4,994.5 $4,753.1
TOTAL $9,973.7 $9,704.9
Environmental Processes
and Effects-Multimedia
Researc* i Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Multimedia
Salaries & Expenses $4.8
Research & Development $765.8
TOTAL $770.6
$2,888.1 $3,311.1
$1,245.2 $4,080.1
$4,133.3 $7,391.2
$830.6 $854.7
$1,808.9 $2,308.9
$2,639.5 $3,163.6
$4,951.8 $4,856.5
$4,752,7 $5,946.3
$9,704.5 $10,802.8
$1,565.8
$1,565.8
$4.8
$765.8
$770.6
$4.8
$250.0
$254.8
$423.0
$2,834.9
$3,257.9
$24.1
$500.0
$524.1
-$95.3
$1.193.6
$1,098.3
$1,565.8
$1,565.8
0.0
-$515.8
-$5i5.8
Interdisciplinary
Activities
Salar i & Expenses
Research 1 Development
TOTAL
Ecological Status And
Trends
Salaries & Expenses $1,029.5
Research & Development $16,375.1
TOTAL $17,404.6
Core Research -
Ecological Risk
Salaries & Expenses
Research I Development
TOTAL
$291.2 $291.2 $292.3
$4,595.0 $4,595.0 $2,695.0
$4,886.2 $4,886.2 $2,987.3
$1,146.7 $1,146.7 $2,602.5
$24,259.8 $24,259.8 $30,740.6
$25,406.5 $25,406.5 $33,343.1
$1.1
-$1,900.0
-$1,898.9
O.fl
0.0
0.0
$1,455.8
$6,480.8
$7,936.6
8-5
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Reducing Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Salaries & Expenses $330.5 0.0
Research & Development $9,698.6 0.0
TOTAL $10,029.1 0.0
Hunan Exposure
Salaries & Expenses $899.8 0.0
Research £ Development $3,101.9 0.0
TOTAL $4,003.7 0.0
Core Research - Health
Risk
Salaries & Expenses $1,141.7 $1,141.7 $1,084.9 -$56.8
Research & Development $9,804.8 $9,804.8 $11,804.8 $2,000.0
TOTAL $10,946.5 $10,946.5 $12,889.7 $1,943.2
Core Research - Risk
Reduction
Salaries & Expenses $254.8 $254.7 $356.4 $101.7
Research & Development $2,960.8 $2,900.0 $2,900.0 $4,900.0 $2,000.0
TOTAL $2,960.8 $3,154.8 $3,154.7 $5,256.4 $2,101.7
Exploratory Research
Multimedia
Salaries & Expenses $1,025.9 0.0
Research & Development $23,333.4 0.0
TOTAL $24,359.3 0.0
Core Research - Grants
and Centers
Salaries & Expenses $1,279.5 $1,296.5 $1,316.4 $19.9
Research & Development $25,639.9 $25,639.9 $26,039.9 $400.0
TOTAL $26,919.4 $26,936.4 $27,356.3 $419.9
Capital Investments
Research .& Development $5,979.6 $34.0 $3,634.0 $3,600.0
TOTAL $5,979.6 $34.0 $3,634.0 $3,600.0
Headquarters Operations
Research & Development $4,678.6 $4,679.8 $5,182.0 $502.2
TOTAL $4,678.6 $4,679.8 $5,182.0 $502.2
Field Operations
Research & Development $29,921.4 $29,886.3 $36,859.1 $6,972.8
TOTAL $29,921.4 $29,886.3 $36,859,1 $6,972.8
8-6
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $11,548.1 $1Z,774.3 $12,806.1 $14,679.6 $1,873.5
Research & Development $71,932.7 $110,372.5 $110,372.2 $136,006.5 $25,634.3
Multimedia TOTAL $83,480.8 $123,146.8 $123,178.3 $150,686.1 $27,507.8
Research
PERMANENT WQRKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 35.6 41.1 41.1 46.1 5.0
Multimedia
Quality Assurance - 11.3 14.5 14.5 14.5 0.0
Management
Technical Information 1 60,3 72.0 72.0 71.0 -1.0
Liaison
Interdisciplinary 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
Activities
Ecological Status And 9.7 0.0
Trends
Core Research - 14.0 14.0 30.0 16.0
Ecological Risk
Reducing Uncertainties 2.6 . 0.0
in Risk Assessments
Hunan Exposure 10.6 0.0
Core Research * Health 18.0 18.0 17.0 -1.0
Risk
Core Research - Risk 5.0 5.0 1.0 -4.0
Reduction
Exploratory Research 13.t 0.0
Multimedia
Core Research - Brants 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
and Centers
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 143.2 180.6 180.6 195.6 15.0
8-7
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment • 39.3
Multimedia
41.1
41.1
46.1
5.0
Quality Assurance
Management
11.3
Technical Information & 63.5
Liaison
14.5
72.0
14.5
72.0
14.5
71.0
0.0
-1.0
Interdisciplinary
Activities
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
Ecological Status And
Trends
9.7
0.0
Core Research -
Ecological Risk
Reducing Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Human Exposure
Core Research - Health
Risk
14.0 14.0
30.0
4.4
11.1
18,0
18.0
17.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
-1.0
Core Research - Risk
Reduction
i.O
S.O
1.0
-4.0
Exploratory Research
Multimedia
13.4
0,0
Core Research - Grants
and Centers
12.0
12.0
12.0
0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
152.7 180.6 180.6 195.6
15.0
8-8
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
Princ ioal Outputs
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992: o Final guidelines for neurotoxicity and final guidance for non-cancer
health effects.
o Inclusion of risk information in the areas of less-than-lifetime
exposure risk estimates and developmental toxicity risk into IRIS.
o Risk Assessment Forum analyses of selected risk assessment issues.
1991: o Final guidelines for exposure measurements and for male and female
reproductive effects.
o Final amendments for guidelines on developmental toxicity.
o Proposed guidelines for neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-
cancer health effects, and ecotoxicity.
o Initial guidance on pharmacokinetics.
o Agency-wide implementation/training program for the enhanced IRIS
delivery system.
o Risk Assessment Forum analyses of selected risk assessment issues.
1990: o Final report on toxicity equivalence factors for dioxins and furans.
o Development of lead exposure abatement planning document.
o Progress report on the status" of projects in terms oi: potential
reduction of lead and human exposure,
QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) MANAGEME|If
1992: o Initial analytical work on model validation.
o QA curriculum materials.
o Guidance for assessing results generated by data programs.
o Support for implementation of Quality Control Optimization Project.
o Application of total quality management tools to EPA QA programs.
o Streamlined QA project plan guidance.
o Guidance on Agency-wide approaches to methods validation.
o Revised methods for semi-volatile organics, marine methods, analysis
of solid-liquid matrices, and innovative extraction techniques.
1991: o Develop supplementary guidance on Data Quality
Objectives.
8-9
-------
o Conduct two QA Management Systems Reviews of major EPA environmental
data operations.
o Review 25 QA Program Plans submitted by Agency organizations.
o Develop three QA training courses.
o Issue preliminary report on Audit of Data Quality protocols.
o Report to the Environmental Monitoring Management Council on Regional
Methods Activities.
o Regional Action Plan: Research Needs and Priorities,
o OMMSQA Work Plan for Regional Methods Program.
|,§ 90: o Conduct two QA Management Systems Reviews of major EPA environmental
data operations,
o Review 25 QA Program Plans submitted by Agency organizations.
o Develop three QA training courses,
o Issue final version of glossary of QA terminology.
. o Carry out pilot of alternative procedures for Quality Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1992: o China Program report on techniques for the detection of
nutagenieity/careinogenieity chemicals .
o Peer reviewed Arctic research plan.
o Report on Arctic sediment methodology.
o Report from international symposium on ecological effects of air-
borne pollution in the Arctic.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991: o China Program progress report on exposure for lung function
epidemiological study.
1990 : o China Program report on lung cancer risk due to indoor air pollution
in Xuan Wei, China.
INTJSRDI S C I PLINARY ACT IVI T? I ES
1992: o Selection of candidates for the 1992 Environmental Science and
Engineering Fellows Program,
o Solicitation of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Proposals.
o Summary of Phase I and II SBIR abstracts.
1991 : o Selection of candidates for the 1991 Environmental Science and
Engineering Fellows Program.
o Solicitation of SBIR Proposals.
o Summary of Phase I and II SBIR abstracts.
1990 : o Selection of candidates for the 1990 Environmental Science and
Engineering Fellows Program.
o Award of 26 Phase I and 7 Phase II SBIR contracts.
o Published summary of SBIR abstracts .
CORE -ECOLOGICA
1992: o First Statistical Summary for Estuaries in the Virginian Province.
o Final report on the Estuarine Demonstration Project in the Gulf of
Mexico Region.
o Draft Report on the Demonstration Project in Agroecosys terns .
o Draft Report on the Demonstration, Project in Arid Ecosystems.
o Statistical Summary for Lakes in the Northeast.
o Statistical Summary for Coastal Wetlands in the- Gulf of Mexico
Region.
o Initiate Work as Part of the Agency's Great Lakes Basin Initiative,
8-11
-------
199.1: o Final Program Plan For Gulf Of Mexico Project.
o Draft Report On The Gulf Of Mexico Project.
o Implementation Plan for Forest Monitoring and Assessment.
o Implementation Plan for Agroecosystem Monitoring and Assessment.
o Implementation Plan for Desert, Grassland, and Rangeland Monitoring
and Assessment.
o Annual Report On Forest Pilot Project In The Northeastern US.
o Final Report On The Near-Coastal Demonstration Project In The
Virginian Province.
o Integrated Research Plan for The Development of Assessment And
Management Tools To Reduce Uncertainties In Ecological Risk
Assessment.
1990: o Demonstration Assessment for Near-Coastal Systems in the Virginian
Province,
o Final Sampling Plan For The Near Coastal Demonstration Project.
o Data management system for near coastal demonstration project.
o Implementation Plan For Near Coastal Demonstration Project.
o Simulated Assessment of Surface Water Ecosystem Condition.
o Draft Program Plan for the Gulf of Mexico Project.
o Final Research Plan For EMAP Near-Coastal Monitoring And Assessment
Program.
o Quality Assurance Program Plan for EMAP.
o Simulated Assessment for Forest Ecosystems.
o Simulated Assessment for Desert, Rangeland, and Grassland Ecosystems.
o Initiate an integrated research program for improving ecological risk
assessment.
CORE-HEALTH RISK
1992: o Annual Report on the Research to Improve Health Risk Assessments
(RIHRA) Health Program.
o Report on alternative approaches to regulation.
o Annual Report on NHANES-III Cooperative Research.
o Report on measurement methods development for exposure through air,
food, water, dermal absorption, and house dust.
o Report on validation studies on a human exposure model.
o Report on activity pattern and consumer product models.
1.9.8.1: o Final report on TEAM Study of particles and metals.
8-12
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o Annual Status Report on NHANES-III Cooperative Research.
o Proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental Health Risk Education.
o Directory of Environmental Exposure Databases.
o Proceedings from the Workshop on Environmental and Occupational
Asthma.
1990: o Final report on TEAM Studies of VOCs in Los Angeles, Baltimore, and
New Jersey.
o Program strategy on the RIRHA program.
o Book entitled: Harnessing Science for Environmental Health
Regulation.
o Report on the Weight of Evidence on the Human Carcinogenicity of
2,4-D.
CORE-RISK REDUCTION
1992: o Expand research in the product recycling and socioeconomic areas.
o Focus process research on needs identified in Industrial Toxics
Project (ITP).
o Research on the use of agricultural and environmental policies that
reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
1991: o Industrial toxics reduction research to support Agency gold of 33%
reduction by 1992 and 50% by 1995.
o Develop strategy with the Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation
for socioeconomic research.
o Study alternatives for ozone depleting chemicals.
1990: o Report to Congress delivered.
o Expanded Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse including the
hardcopy repository, telephone hotline and electronic information
exchange system.
o Product-specific projects initiated on preventing indoor air quality
problems from building materials and household products.
CORE-RESEARCH GRANTS AND CENTERS ;
1992: o Solicitation of 1992 research grant proposals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Bibliography of research grant articles published.
o Start-up of new academic centers.
o Annual report on centers program,
1991: o Solicitation of 1991 research grant proposals.
8-13
-------
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Bibliography of research grant articles published.
o Selection of new academic centers.
o Annual report on centers program.
1990: o Awarded 107 new Exploratory Research Grants,
o Published over 100 technical articles in journals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Solicitation of new academic centers.
o Annual report on centers program.
8-14
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MUI :MEDIA
Multimedia Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $150,686,100 supported by 195.6 total
workyears for 1992, an Increase of §27,507,800 and an increas.e of 15.0 total
workyears,from 1991. Of the request, $14,679,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation arid $136,006,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $1,873,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $25,634,300 in the Research and Development
appropriat ion.
Program Obj actives
The Multimedia Research budget subactivity consists of those Office of
Research and Development programs which cross all media. Research conducted in
the multimedia area promotes consistent risk assessment and provides technical
information and quality assurance. The capital investments and research program
support portions of this budget contain the resources that support the
infrastructure of the Agency's research laboratories. In addition, support for
the Agency's Core Research Program (Ecological Risk, Health Risk, Risk Reduction
and Grants and Centers) is maintained in this budget area.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,391,200 supported by 46.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $ 3,311,100 will.be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,080,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of 5.0 total work years and an
increase from 1991 of $423,000 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992. It represents an increase of $2,834,900 in Research
and Development. These increases reflect additional resources for lead abatement
research.
Lead Abatement. Recent assessments identify lead as one of the most serious
continuing public health problems in the U.S., and raise the need to: 1) take
regulatory actions to set/revise lead standards :o adequately protect public
health; 2) carry out effective enforcement and abatement activities to reduce
exposure from lead-based paint, soil, water, air, and other relevant media; and
3) identify ways to reduce commercial uses of lead and problem;-' ith disposal of
lead-contaminated wastes. To accomplish these goals a broad OL uimedia ORD lead
research program will be conducted to support- :'A regulatory, enforcement, and
abatement efforts across all EPA program offices and will Include research in the
four main areas of: direct abatement support; exposure analysis/measurement;
health implications; and technology transfer activities.
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Promote Consistent Risk Assessment. In the area of risk assessment, final
guidelines for neurotoxicity and final guidance for non-cancer health effects
will be issued. ORD will provide risk assessment guidelines for cancer, other
health effects and ecological effects. The Risk Assessment Forum will undertake
projects to resolve difficult risk assessment issues. The Forum will sponsor
workshops, colloquia and other meetings for experts from EPA, other Federal
agencies and the private sector to discuss controversial risk assessment issues.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) which is on a readily-
accessible electronic mail system and is part of the National Library of Medicine
TOXNET system, will continue to grow and diversify with the inclusion of
additional chemicals and agents and risk information. Further emphasis will be
directed at continued training and outreach to the Regions, program offices, the
public, and international community.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,133,300 supported by 41.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,888,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,245,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Promote Consistent Risk Assessment. Guidelines on exposure and health
effects proposed during FYs 1989-1990 were issued as final guidance after public
and peer review. The Agency is working on new guidance related to
pharmacokinetics and ecotoxicity and will revise and expand other guidelines.
ORD is coordinating with other agencies to address major assumptions and promote
interagency consensus.
ORD will provide Agency-wide implementation/training on the Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS). Information on mixture toxicity and toxic
interactions of mixtures will be made available. Additional chemicals will be
added to the data base.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,072,800 supported by 39.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,394,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,678,300 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Reports on risk assessment were completed on use of benchmark dose, children
as a sensitive subpopulation and ecological risk assessment. A draft report on
rat kidney tumors and a final report on toxicity equivalence factors for dioxins
and furans were produced.
The ORD multimedia lead abatement research program was developed. Several
projects were initiated, including: evaluation of existing portable X-Ray
Florescence (XRF) and chemical spot tests for detection of lead in paint;
development of reference materials and standards for use in calibration of
measurement devices and for use in QA/QC procedures; evaluation of contributions
to total lead exposures of children of lead-contaminated paint, dust, and soil;
identification of promising new alternative technologies for abatement of lead
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in paint, dust, and soil and for disposal of associated abatement wastes;
improvement of the lead biokinetic model; evaluation of bioavailability of lead
in soil and factors affecting site-specific bioavailability; evaluation of
movement of lead through groundwater, corrosion inhibitors in drinking water
distribution systems, and lead participates in drinking water; and evaluation of
lead effects on bone demineralization in postmenopausal women, bone lead
mobilization and transplacental transfer of lead in primate animal models, and
lead carcinogenicity effects and mechanisms.
QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,163,600 supported by 14.5 total workyears
for 1992, an increase of $524,100 and no increase of total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, $854,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase from 1991 of $24,100 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the Federal workforce needed
to implement the President's program in 1992, $2,308 ^00, an increase of
$500,000, will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
Quality Assurance Management. ORD will: 1) Support data quality objective
(DQO) implementation in program offices, Regions, and ORD, 2) develop QA
curriculum materials for use by EPA managers, 3) conduct analytical work on
model validation, 4) develop streamlined QA guidance, 5) provide guidance for
assessing results generated by data programs, 6) support implementation of the
Quality Control (QC) Optimization Project, 7) develop process flow models, and
8) apply total quality management tools to EPA QA programs.
Regional Analytical Methods. ORD will address Agency-wide issues identified
by the Regions, This will include methods validation, quantification limits,
quality control specifications, and standafd reference materials. ORD will
provide short-term analytical results to the Regions in volatile and
semi-volatile organics, marine methods, analysis of solid-liquid matrices, and
innovative extraction techniques.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,639,500 supported by 14.5
total workyears for this program, of which $830,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,808,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Quality Assurance Management. FY 1991 ORD quality assurance management
activities include developing supplementary guidance on Data Quality Objectives
and implementing support to those EPA organizations which are pursuing the Data
Quality Objectives process. Initial development work on protocols for Audits of
Data Quality will be completed. Two QA management reviews focusing on major EPA
data collection programs, review of twenty-five QA Program Plans submitted by EPA
offices, development of three QA training courses, and preparation of a report
to senior management on the status of EPA's quality assurance program will be
completed.
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Regional Analytical Methods. ORD will provide analytical support to the
Regions in specific targeted areas. A work plan is being developed and research
initiated in the following areas; 1) low level methods and reference materials
for nutrients, volatile and semi-volatile organics, and metals in all media, 2)
digestion techniques for metals, 3) analysis of transition metals in non^aqueous
media, 4) solid phase extraction sample preparation techniques for extractable
compounds, and 5)- validated methods for fish tissue and nutrients in marine
systems.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,697,200 supported by.11.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $888,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $808,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Quality Assurance Management. The 1990 QA Management program made
significant progress toward the institutionalizing, throughout the Agency, three
basic quality assurance tools: (1) Data Quality Objectives; (2) Management
Systems Reviews; and (3) QA Program Plans.
Regional Analytical Methods. This program did not exist in FY 1990.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,802,800 supported by 71.0 total
workyears, of which $4,856,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,946,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of one work year and $95,300 from the
Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and an increase of $1,193,600 in the Research
and Development Appropriation, and indicates -reprogramming has occurred to meet
high priority needs in another area. The Research and Development increase
represents an expansion of the technology transfer and Regional liaison efforts
to enhance scientific and technical knowledge of environmental protection and
management.
EnvironmentalEducation and Information Dissemination. Both of ORD's
centralized laboratory facilities participate with local school systems in
promoting the education of minority students through a cooperative minority
apprenticeship program. The program is,designed to stimulate the interest of
students in environmental science and engineering through active mentoring by
laboratory researchers. This activity also supports several cooperative efforts
with local universities, including a graduate seminar series on the environment.
The program sponsors a series of small community outreach workshops and the
Center for Environmental Learning.
Technology Transfer. Information on technology and technical data will be
produced through the Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) and
disseminated to States, tribes and localities to enable them to meet their
regulatory, enforcement and pollution prevention responsibilities. These
products and services include: user guides; design manuals; handbooks; training
seminars; and workshops. The ORD Regional Scientist Program will provide on-site
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assistance to the Regions to help them identify and address enforcement and
regulatory needs. Through the Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE), ORD will
respond to immediate high priority applied research needs in the Regions.
ORD will initiate two activities to support the Agency's Pollution
Prevention program. We will deliver pollution prevention information and
technology to small and medium sized industries and municipalities and establish
pollution prevention centers at universities across the nation.
RegulatorySupport. ORD will provide support to the Agency's regulatory
offices to ensure that EPA research focuses on the most critical scientific and
engineering issues associated with the Agency's regulatory development process,
and that scientific uncertainties are fully documented for use by Agency policy
makers,
Enforcement Support. In 1992, ORD will provide the Office of Enforcement
(OE) with coordinated technical and scientific support in a number of areas. In
conjunction with OE and its National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC), ORD
will develop and apply risk-based assessment techniques and methods for targeted
enforcement efforts which pose the greatest risks to human health and the
environment. The program will draw upon ORD's laboratories, the Center for
Environmental Research Information and the Regional Scientist network.
National Environment^.! Technology Applications Corporation (NETAC). The
National Environmental Technology Application Corporations services will be used
by EPA, other Federal agencies and private industry to accelerate development of
innovative environmental technologies. NETAC will be firmly established as a
professionally staffed organization providing commercialization services on a
neutral and independent basis through programs involving applied research,
testing and demonstration, regulatory consultation, business development,
financing assistance, education, training and information exchange. The majority
of NETAC'$ revenues will be earned from the sale of products and services. The
goal of NETAC is to be financially self-supporting.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,704,500 supported by 72.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,951,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,752,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD provides overall management and coordination of ORD technical
information and technology transfer activities. ORD products, services and
information tools will be provided to the Regions, States and other users, NETAC
is expected to expand its testing and evaluation facilities to include a
commercial test facility for certifying oil spill and hazardous waste remediation
products. Other ongoing activities in the regulatory support area focus on
participation in Agency regulatory workgroups and analysis of Agency regulatory
scientific requirements.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $9,973,700 supported by 63.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,979,200 was from the Salaries and
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Expenses appropriation and $4,994,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Over 1,300 ORD documents and reports to ORD clients and the production of
over 200 project summaries were tracked, processed and distributed. The Center
for Environmental Research Information (CERI) responded to over 50,000 requests
for information and managed the processing and distribution of over 40,000 items.
These items are available on a electronic bulletin board for searching and
selecting appropriate documents. The ORD Regional Scientist program provided
Regional Offices with senior ORD liaisons who serve as science advisors and
"gateways" to the broad spectrum of available ORD resources. The regulatory
support program helped to ensure technically sound development of Agency
regulations. NETAC completed its organizational development and focus on
expanding all its activities. NETAC laboratory and test facilities were
established and are operational.
ENVIRONMENTAL^PROCESSES & EFFECTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,565,800 in the Research and Development
appropriation with no request for work years. This is an increase over FY 1991
due to the transfer of the China Program from the Health Effects portion of this
budget activity and the initiation of research in the Arctic.
China Program. This program, which is conducted under the 1980 DS-PRC
Environmental Protection Protocol, is being transferred from Health Effects to
Environmental Processes in FY 1992. The relationship's of children's lung
function and respiratory health to air pollution in several Chinese cities will
be studied.
Arctic .Research. As part of EPA's Arctic research program, QRD will conduct
research on the nature, extent, and effects of exposure of Arctic ecosystems to
atmospheric contaminants. This effort will include analyses of the atmospheric
pathways for long-distance transport and deposition, biogeochemical pathways at
representative depositional sites, and intermediate and ultimate sinks for these
contaminants. ORD will undertake effects research on representative species of
major ecosystems to establish risks to species, including humans. Landscape and
regional ecosystem sensitivity studies will follow the species risk studies.
These studies will culminate in an assessment of risk in terms of character,
magnitude, and timing of changes, to Arctic biological systems from atmos-
pherically deposited contaminants. The'program will implement a statistically
balanced, spatial sampling design, based on the strategies of the EPA
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EHAP), for the circunarctic
region. The resultant data and observational network will lead to conclusions
about the nature and extent of Arctic pollution, and subsequently will be used
to develop, parameterize and test assessment models for mitigation and management
design strategies. Arctic research is a new initiative in 1992.
1991 Programs
The China program is described in this budget's Health Effects activity.
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $254,800 for this program supported by no
work years, of which $4,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $250,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease in the Research and Development Appropriation of $515,800
due to the transfer of the China Program to the Environmental Processes and
Effects portion of the Multimedia budget.
Harvard Studies. This program will identify and select post-doctoral
research fellows and visiting scientists to work with Harvard faculty members on
critical environmental problems that face society,
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $770,600 supported by no total workyears
for this program, of which $4,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $765,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
Harvard Studies. This program is providing an interdisciplinary coordinated
program to link policy sciences through research projects and individual
analyses. Efforts are focused on development of inexpensive approaches to the
evaluation of cellular effects of environmental chemicals, pollutant flows, and
alternative approaches to regulation.
China Program. Conducted under the United States-Peoples' Republic of Cbina
(US-PRC) Environmental Protection Protocol of 1980, the current research has two
components: One is the full-scale study of the relationship between lung cancer
and indoor coal burning in rural Xuan-Wei and a pilot-scale study and early data
collection for a five-year study of air pollution and children's respiratory
health across a wide gradient of particulate, acid and sulfur oxide exposures in
several Chinese cities. The second is research on the environmental processes
and effects of pollution on aquatic organisms, water pollution fate and transport
modeling, and groundwater pollution processes,
1990 Accomplishments
This Program Element did not exist in FY 1990.
INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITIES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,987,300 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for this program to be allocated as follows: $292,300 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,695,000 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. This is an increase of $1,100 from 1991 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase is requested to fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992. It
represents a decrease of $1,900,000 in the Research and Development
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appropriation. The decrease is because the Agency is not making a request for
funds for Cross Boundary Studies in FY 1992. Work conducted in 1991 will be
completed with funds already provided.
Visiting. Scientists Program. Under the Environmental Science and
Engineering Fellows program, in cooperation with the American .Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS), 10 fellows will be placed in EPA policy and
program offices to conduct scientific studies on various high-priority issues
identified by the Agency.
Small Business Innovation ResearchProgram. This program will solicit,
review and select proposals for Phase I and II awards. About 25 Phase I
feasibility studies will be supported while about 12 Phase II projects will be
awarded.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $4,886,200 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $291,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,595,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Visiting Scientists Pro_gram. The Environmental Science and Engineering
Fellows Program will support ten professionals at EPA organizations to
investigate environmental policy issues.
Small Business Innovation Research Program. As mandated by public law, this
program has been allocated 1.25 percent of the extramural research budget to
support projects for the development of equipment and instrumentation for
pollution abatement and control and environmental monitoring. Thirty-seven such
projects will be supported.
Congressional Directives, A total of. $1,900,000 to the Research and
Development Appropriation for analysis of solutions to US/Mexico border air,
hazardous waste, and water pollution problems.
1990 Accomplishments
Visiting Scientists. In 1990, the Visiting Scientists Program approved the
appointment of five visitors under the Visiting Scientists and Engineers
component while, under the Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows
component, ten visitors were assigned tq various EPA organizations to conduct
policy studies. Fiscal year 1990 was the final year of operation for the
Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program.
Small .Business Innovative Research Program. A total of 33 awards were made
to small high-technology firms under the Small Business Innovation Research
Program, 26 Phase I feasibility studies and 7 Phase II development projects.
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ECQLOGICA^ STATUS AND TRENDS
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $17,404,600 supported by 9._7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,029,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,375,100 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
See "Core Research-Ecological Risk" Program Element for discussion.
GORE RESEARCH-ECOLOGICAL RISK
199 2 .frogram Eeque s t
The agency requests a total of $33,343,100 for this program supported by
30.0 total work years, of which $2,602,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,740,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of 16,0 total work years and $1,455,800
from 1991 for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. The increase is requested
to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in
1992. The increase represents an increase of $6,480,800 in the Research and
Development Appropriation.
Environmental Mpnltoring_and Assessment (EMAP*>. ORD will maintain its
current monitoring activities conducted in EMAP, and will expand its monitoring
activities geographically and programmatically. In FY 1992 the EMAP program will
include Great Lakes research as part of the Agency's Great Lakes Basin
initiative. Initial research mil be focused on Lake Ontario. The EMAP effort
in Landscape Characterization will complete characterization of the northeastern
U.S. and will begin interpretation of remote data for the Southeast. EMAP
monitoring in estuaries will maintain its, activities in estuaries of the
Louisianian Province (Gulf of Mexico) and the Virginian Province. Monitoring of
lakes in the northeastern states will continue as will monitoring in the coastal
wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico region. ORD will continue forest monitoring in
the Northeast and Southeast and initiate demonstration projects in agroecosysteins
and arid lands. We will expand efforts to develop ecological indicators,
including studies on biodiversity as a measure of ecosystem health.
Reducing Uncertainty in Risk AssessmentfRURA). Information from previous
data collection and analysis activities will be used to apply a risk
characterization framework to the near-coastal estuaries in the prototype region.
ORD will maintain status and trends monitoring in the prototype region. The
sensitivity of exposure and condition indicators and the monitoring network
design will be evaluated. ORD will conduct a preliminary verification of
transport, transformation, fate and effects models. Estimates of uncertainty in
values for exposure and condition factors will be developed and the major
components of uncertainty will be identified. The ultimate goal of these
activities is to model the expected response of representative estuaries in the
region in response to alternative risk management options as an example of a
systems level approach to ecological risk assessment.
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1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $25,406,500 supported by 14.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,146,700 is in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $24,259,800 is in the Research and Development appropriation.
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) . EMAP will move
from a design and planning phase into its first phase of implementation. This
will be accomplished through a series of demonstration projects, continuing
efforts in landscape characterization, monitoring design development, statistical
research,' total quality management and integrated assessment, and interagency
cooperation. The EMAP effort in Landscape Characterization will complete
characterization of the northeastern U.S. QRD will begin to Interpret remote data
for the Southeast. EMAP will expand efforts in estuaries monitoring into the
Gulf of Mexico region (Louisianian Province) and the near coastal demonstration
project in the estuaries of the Virginian Province will be extended to regional
scale monitoring (EMAP will work very closely with the core program in Reducing
Uncertainty in Ecological Risk Assessment). A regional scale demonstration
project in lake monitoring will be implemented in the northeastern states.
Eutrophieation, acid deposition, habitat alteration, and the influence of
pesticides and toxic substances will be the primary issue addressed in the
surface water survey. Planning for wetlands monitoring will be completed and a
demonstration project in the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico region will
be implemented. ORD will expand indicator evaluation studies in New England
forest ecosystem demonstration projects in both the Northeast and Southeast and
conduct indicator evaluation studies in Agroecosystems and arid lands.
Reducing Uncertainty in Risk Assessment (RURA) . To evaluate the uncertainty
associated with the temporal variability in indicators of ecosystem condition,
a second year of field data is being collected in the estuaries of the
mid-Atlantic prototype region in cooperation with the ecological status and
trends program and NOAA, targeting exposure and condition indicators and their
response to changing pollutant levels. Ancillary data needed to run and evaluate
the transport and effects models that will be applied to status and trends data
is also being collected as part of this effort. ORD will analyze data from the
first year of field data from the prototype region and seek correlations among
indicators that could identify possible causes of poor condition. We are
developing a risk characterization framework for assessing exposure and effects
and conducting sensitivity analyses and new multi-variate techniques to reduce
uncertainty in detecting regional changes and to better evaluate effects models
that can be used in ecological risk assessment.
Congressional Directives. A total ;of $400,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project to study the feasibility of establishing an Ecological
Institute.
199jQ Aceomplishments
Environmental Monitoringand Assessment (EcologicalStatus and Trends).
1990 was the first year of a program designed to estimate current status, extent,
changes, and trends in indicators of the ecological condition and pollutant
exposure with known confidence. ORD developed the program oti a regional basis
to investigate correlative relationships between human-induced stresses and
adverse changes in ecological condition. Indicators for surface waters,
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wetlands, forests, deserts, rangelands, grasslands.and agricultural lands for use
in monitoring programs were developed. National scale monitoring designs and
strategies were developed. An effort to characterize land use patterns and
landscape ecology on regional scale was initiated. A demonstration Project in
the estuaries of the mid-Atlantic region and plans to expand these studies to the
Gulf of Mexico were completed. A joint EPA/U.S. Forest Service monitoring and
demonstration project in eastern forest ecosystems was completed. The Agency
also investigated the possibility of establishing and funding, through an open
and fully competitive proces.s, a national environmental sciences institute which
could provide a coordinated focus for ecological research.
Reducing Uncertainty in Risk Assessments (RURA). ORD conducted research on
the uncertainty associated with the structure and function of ecosystems, the
identification, measurement, and interpretation of endpoints of ecological
change, and the assessment of hazards associated with ecosystems stress,
Emphasis was placed on the characterization of the condition of near-coastal
estuarine systems in the mid-Atlantic region and their exposure to stress. This
took the form of a demonstration project that identified indicators of estuarine
ecosystem condition (in cooperation with the ecological monitoring and assessment
program) and then quantified them on a regional basis.
REDUCING UNCERTAINTIES IN RISK ASSESSMENTS, (RURA)
1990.. Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $10,029,100 supported by 4.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $330,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,698,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
See "Core Research-Ecological Risk" Program Element and "Core Research-
Health Risk" Program Element for discussion.
HUMAN EXPOSURE
1990 Accompl j.shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,003,700 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $899,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,103,900 was from the Research and Development appropriati
See "Core Research-Health Risk" Program Element for discussion.
CORE RES EARCH-HEALTH RISK
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,889,700 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,084,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,804,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This request represents a decrease of 1.0 total work years, a
decrease of $56,800 in the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation and increase of
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$2,000,000 in the Research and Development Appropriation for research in human
exposure as the result of reprogramniing to meet other high priorities,
Human Exposure. ORD will conduct studies in total human exposure assessment
to develop a better understanding of the relationships between exposure and
delivered dose. This will include studies to determine transport, metabolism,
storage, elimination, absorption levels into the body, dose delivered to target
tissues, and the effects of factors such as age, gender, race, etc. Measurement
methods development for exposure through air, food, water, dermal absorption, and
house dust will be expanded. Validation studies on a human exposure models will
expand to include models that estimate nationwide exposure to volatile organic
compounds other than benzene. Studies of exposure in new microenvironments of
interest will expand to include biological and other contaminants. Activity
pattern and consumer product models will be developed for high priority
pollutants.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III (National Health and
Nutrition_Examinatjon ^SurveyJ,. EPA will assist other sponsoring agencies of
NHANES-III and the National Center for Health Statistics in reviewing and
validating the data collected during the first three years of the survey. Once
validated, the data can undergo preliminary analysis at the various user
agencies. EPA's major focus in this effort is on respiratory and neurobehavioral
parameters.
Reducing Uncertainties__inRisk Assessments-Health. ORD will use results
from early efforts in the reduction of uncertainties in risk assessment program
in the areas of exposure assessment, pharmacokinetics, and biological mechanisms
to begin to develop improved components of risk assessment models.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,946,500 for this program supported
by 18.0 total work years. Of this total, $1,141,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and $9,804,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Human Exposure. Under the Total Human Exposure Assessment/TEAM project ORD
will conduct studies on exposure for a selected group of environmental chemicals.
We will complete a final report on the TEAM study of particles. Measurement
methods for exposure through air, food, water, dermal absorption, and house dust
will be developed. ORD will validate a human exposure model capable of
estimating nationwide exposure to benzene, and will initiate a pilot study of body
burden (breath and blood analysis) around major point sources. Studies of
exposure in new microenvironments of interest (vehicles, house dust, etc.) will
be instituted.
NHANES-III. The multi-year, multi-agency NHANES-III program is estimating
the prevalence of disease and functional impairment, providing data on the
distribution of health characteristics (growth and development), monitoring
changes in disease, and identifying new risk factors for disease. EPA is
developing baseline data on measures of pulmonary function and neurobehavioral
parameters. The first three years of data collection will be completed at the
end of FY 1991.
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Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment. ORD is conducting research in
Uncertainty assessment, exposure assessment, physiologically based
pharir.acokinetlc modeling and biologically based dose response modeling.
1990 Accomplishments
Human Exposure. ORD has completed the initial phases of a major survey
designed to determine the activity patterns of the population including
lifestyles and use of consumer products. Methods for evaluating exposures to
volatile organics associated with major sources was instituted. The existing
TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Methodology) program provided direct measures of
human exposures necessary to make estimates of exposure grounded in reality.
Data from each component of the program was used .to develop models of human
exposure that can be used for extrapolation to entire populations at risk.
Reducing Uncertainty in Risk Assessments (RURA). ORD conducted research in
uncertainty assessment, exposure assessment, physiologically based
pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) modeling, and biologically based dose response modeling.
A RIHRA program description document was completed and widely distributed to
government, academic and private sector scientists and policy makers.
CORE RESEARCH-RISK REDUCTION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,256,400 for this program supported by 1.0
total workyears of which $356,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,900,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation. This request
represents a decrease of 4.0 total work years and an increase from 1991 of
$101,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The increase is requested
to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in
1992. There is also an increase in the Research and Development Appropriation of
$2,000,000 for additional Risk Reduction research.
Pollut ion Prevent ion. ORD will expand research in product recycling and
process research. Socioeconomic research will also be increased significantly
(See below.) Technology transfer activities from these areas will expand to
accommodate these growth areas. Expansion of existing databases on state and
local programs, expert contacts, legislation, and case studies will remain an on-
going task with many new entries from local governments and industry. ORD will
create new data bases such as a raw materials substitutes data base; the
innovative clean technology research data base; and the clean technology yellow
book (a comprehensive listing of pollution prevention equipment vendors and
suppliers) which will become primary sources of applications information for
State and local governments and industry network users.
EPA will conduct studies on agricultural and environmental policies that
reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for sustained food crop
yields and expand the research and demonstration of improved environmental
procedures for users in the agricultural sectors.
ORD will develop training modules and put them into the Pollution Prevention
Information Clearinghouse (PPIC) for training to be used in pollution prevention
8-27
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audits and assessments. This will provide states"and industry with an array of
training tools and guidance. To highlight pollution prevention options ORD will
integrate assessment tools developed by several state agencies and perform site-
specific outreach for several industries. University based pollution prevention
centers will be established to foster educational development and training,
audits and community extension services.
ORD will study integrated permit writing to identify and incorporate source
reductions and recycling requirements in permits and conduct demonstrations of
permitting approaches on an industry specific basis. Training workshops will be
conducted. ORD will conduct research oft groundwater contamination from
agricultural chemicals and develop systems to identify vulnerable watersheds.
Research will be undertaken to support an approach to pollution prevention that
matches the physical and chemical characteristics of wastes to disposal
environments with which they are naturally most compatible, thereby reducing risk
and pollution control costs.
The Agency will develop pollution prevention strategies for small and medium
scale community planning and implementation strategies on an industrial and
municipal basis. Comparative risk assessments will be conducted on several
consumer products from design through disposal. We will promote pollution
prevention in enforcement settlements using PPIC.
Socioeconomic Research. The selection and implementation of viable, cost-
effective risk reduction approaches is influenced by a variety of legal,
scientific, economic and political factors. The traditional command and control
approach is limited to environmental problems which can be solved with the
current regulatory program. However, many emerging environmental problems
(radon, global climate change, non-point sources, etc.) are not amenable to the
usual command and control approach. Instead, a variety of alternative approaches
for pollution abatement, like enhancing public information and communications,
must be developed. A socioeconomic research strategy will be developed in 1991
and 1992 1992 project decisions will be based on that strategy. Based on
preliminary discussions with the EPA Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation
(OPPE) we expect that socioeconomic research to be conducted in the following
broad areas: risk communication; incentives and disincentives; technical
information dissemination; commercialization and utilization; and education and
training.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,154,700 for this program supported
by 5.0 total work years of which $254,700 is Salaries and Expenses funding and
$2,900,000 is Research and Development funding.
PollutionPrevention. During 1991, ORD will emphasize product research,
technology transfer and technical assistance. Product research will be conducted
in the areas of toxics, ozone depleting substances, building material off-gassing
and greenhouse gases. The Science Advisory Board (SAB) is scheduled to review
the draft pollution prevention research strategy in 1991 and it will be finalized
following that review. ORD will conduct research on identifying opportunities
for incorporating pollution prevention practices into the jiation's industrial
infrastructure.
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SocioeconQmic Research. The Agency will conduct research on resource
pricing and utilization of fossil fuel and lead," the toxic release inventory
pollution prevention reporting format will be pilot tested with specific
industries; and radon test requirements and air pollution alerts will be studied
for their affect on public perceptions and behavior changes. In addition; during
1991 ORD will be developing a socioeconomic research strategy with OPPE.
1990 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $2,960,800 for this program, all of which
is in the Research and Development appropriation.
Pollution Prevention. During 1990, ORD expanded the on-going effort in
waste minimization being conducted as part of the Hazardous Waste Research
Program and e'xpanded our pollution prevention research into the socioeconoraic and
the consumer and building materials product research areas. We have also started
several multi-year projects through the Administrator's Agency-wide pollution
prevention program and expanded the Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse (PPIC) nationally and internationally through the United Nations
Environmental Program (UNEP).
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1990 Accomplishments.
The Agency obligated a total of $24,359,300 supported by 13.4 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $1,025,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $23,333,400 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
See "Core Research-Grants and Centers" Program Element and
"Interdisciplinary Activities" Program Element for discussion.
CORE RESEARCH-GRANTS AND CENTERS
19.9 2 Pro gram Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,356,300 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,316,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $26,039,900 will be1 for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents no increase in total workyears, an increase from
1991 of $19,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This increase is
requested to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the President's
program in 1992. This represents an increase of $400,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation.
Exploratory Research Grants Program. Under the general and Request for
Applications (RFA) solicitations, support will be provided to about 74 new
projects while support will continue for 118 ongoing projects.. This program will
emphasize continued improvement in quality of research; coordination with the
Agency's research planning process; dissemination of results from completed
grants; and coordination with other Federal agencies. Seminars and workshops
8-29
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featuring the completed work of grantees will continue in Agency laboratories and
at other locations around the country. An additional $1.0 million is provided
for Minority Research and Public Fellowship programs at various academic
institutions around the country.
Academic Research Centers ...Program. The Agency's Academic Research Centers
Program supports environmental studies of high priority to the Agency such as
groundwater and hazardous waste control technologies. 1991 was the final year
of financial support for the original eight research centers and the first year
of operation and support for three new ones. Management attention in the centers
will focus on new trends and discoveries from ongoing research studies. An
annual report will summarize the activities and accomplishments of these centers.
Symposia, workshops and publications in journals ensure that information learned
from center studies is shared.
.1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $26,936,400 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $1,296,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $25,639,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Exploratory Research Grants Program. Under a general solicitation, support
will be granted to about 50 new projects while 103 ongoing projects will get
continuation support. In addition, 10 new and 16 ongoing targeted projects will
be supported in response to the RFA solicitation. Program management will
emphasize: continued improvement in quality of research; coordination with the
Agency's research planning process; dissemination of results from completed
grants; and coordination with other federal agencies. Seminars and workshops
featuring the completed work of grantees will continue in Agency laboratories and
at other locations around the country.
Academic Research Centers Program. The Agency Centers Program supports
studies of high priority such as groundwater and hazardous waste control
technologies. Management attention in the eight operating centers will focus on
new trends and discoveries coming from ongoing research studies. This is the
final year of financial support for the original eight research centers although
some will continue to operate well into FY 1992. Also this year, three new
research centers will be competitively selected to begin operation in FY 1992.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,900,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed projects of Analysis of Pollution at U.S./Mexico border ($1,900,000),
and for Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research ($1,000,000).
1990 Accomplishments
Exploratory Research Grants Program. In 1990, the Research Grants Program
awarded 87 new grants under the general solicitation and provided continuation
support for 39 ongoing projects. In addition, 20 projects were awarded under the
RFA solicitations.
Academic Research Centers Program. The Environmental Research Centers
program provided continuation support for projects conducted at the eight
university-based research centers.
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CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
1992Program Request
The Agency is requesting §3,634,000 in the Research and Development
Appropriation to fund EPA/ORD's support of the government-wide initiative for
High Performance Computing capabilities. This will support 1) computer science
research in computer systems, software and algorithms, and networking and
visualization, to increase the ability of high performance computers to
computationally solve much more complex scientific problems and 2) to produce a
generation of scientists and engineers fully capable of using HPC. Environmental
issues that will be addressed by HPC include: Modeling of Acid Rain and
Photochemical Oxidants; Computational Chemistry; Global Climate Change; and
Interface with the Regions/States/Local Government users. The Agency
has identified an additional $1.4 million for work that is underway which is
applicable to the High Performance Computing Initiative.
1991 Program
All but $34,000 of funds related to scientific instrumentation have been
moved to the Lab and Field Expenses category established for intramural expenses.
The amount remaining is to cover expenses in this category prior to the
establishment of new budget categories,
19 90 Acc omp 1 j shm.eip.ts.
The Agency allocated $5,979,600 of the Research and Development
Appropriation for scientific equipment in this budget category.
HEADQUARTERS OPERATIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,182,000 in the Research and Development
Appropriation for this budget category to fund administrative expenses in ORD
headquarter' s offices and to fund ORD-wide expenses. The administrative expenses
include supplies and materials, equipment, automated data processing services for
headquarter's offices and for ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, printing and reproduction, and miscellaneous support services. The
increase of $502,200 is to improve the use of scientific findings in Agency
policy development and decision making.
1991 Program
The Agency has a total of $4,679,800 in this budget category. This category
is new for 1991. It was established in response to new appropriation authority
to fund operating expenses from the Research and Development appropriation.
Funds were moved from expense categories . in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation to this budget category.
1990Accomplishements
This budget category did not exist in 1990.
8-31
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FIELD OPERATIONS
1992 Program__Request
The Agency requests a total of $36,859,100 in the Research and Development
Appropriation for the following activities in support of the Agency's research
program: scientific and administrative supplies and materials, equipment,
automated data processing services, interagency support agreements, human
resources development (training), laboratory program support, operation of
facilities, miscellaneous support services, printing and reproduction, and
scientific instrumentation. The increase of $6,972,800 is for the replacement
of obsolete scientific instrumentation and to provide operating expenses for the
Agency's laboratory research programs.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $29,886,300 in this budget category.
This category is new for FY 1991. It was established in response to a new
statutory authority to fund operating expenses from the Research and Development
appropriation. Funds were moved from expense categories in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, from the Capital Investment budget category, and from the
Laboratory Support budget category.
1990 Accomplishments
This budget category did not exist in 1990.
8-32
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MULTIMEDIA
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination . 8-33
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management ... 8-38
Multimedia Training Grants 8-41
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Page Intentionally Blank
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 199Z VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries & Expenses $4,855.4 $4,605.8 $4,605.8 $4,867.4 $261,6
Abatement Control $5,837.7 $9,700.0 $9,700.0 $12,400.0 $2,700,0
and Compliance
TOTAL $10,693.1 $14,305.8 $14,305.8 $17,267.4 $2,961.6
TOTALS
Salaries & Expenses $4,855.4 $4,605.8 $4,605.8 $4,867-4 $261.6
Abatement Control $5,837.7 $9,700.0 $9,700.0 $12,400.0 $2,700.0
and Compliance
Environmental TOTAL $10,693.1 $14,305.8 $14,305.8 $17,267.4 $2,961.6
Review and Coordination
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 103.8 93.9 93,9 100.0 6,1
and Coordination
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 103.8 93.9 93.9 100.0 6.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 108.7 98.0 98.0 100.0 2.0
and Coordination
TOTAL WORKYEARS 108.7 98.0 98.0 100.0 2.0
8-33
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budge t Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $17,267,400 and 100.0 total workyears for
1992, an increase of $2,961,000 and 2.0 total workyears over 1991, Of the
request, -$4,867,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$12,400,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance (AC&C)
appropriation. This request represents an increase of $261,600 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,700,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
ENVIRONMENTAL. REVIEW AND COORDINATION
1992ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $17,267,400 and 100.0 total workyears for
1992. Of the request, $4,867,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,400,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
(AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $261,600 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992, a net increase of $2,700,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 2.0 total workysars.
The AC&C represents an increase of $3,000,000 for the Indians Program and a
decrease of $300,000 in the Environmental Review and Coordination (ERG) Programs.
No one program will be adversely affected by this decrease.
In 1992, the additional 2.0 workyears and $3,000,000 of AC&C for multi-
media Indian grants will serve to integrate-media program and Regional office
efforts to build the capacity of Indian tribes, and enable them to develop,
implement and manage their own environmental protection programs for improving
environmental quality on their lands. AC&C funds will be used innovatively to
tailor national environmental program requirements to the needs and priorities
of Tribal lands. These programs will include consolidated multi-media programs,
especially for smaller reservations, and alternative regulatory and enforcement
structures, such as Tribal consortia and innovative Tribal/state relationships.
The primary focus of these programs is for the development and demonstration of
self-sufficient Tribal environmental programs. An additional increase has been
included under the air media to improve the air quality on Indian lands.
In 1992, the ERG Program will also emphasize cooperation by working with
other Federal agencies at the project design stage and will focus on nonpoint
source and wetland related impacts. This program will continue to emphasize
prevention of significant air and water degradation from proposed major Federal
projects. Particular attention will be given to land management and highway
projects impacting sensitive resource areas. This program will review the
environmental impacts of proposed major Federal actions as required by the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act
with the goals of helping Federal agencies mitigate the environmental effects of
their proposed actions and reducing future risk to human health and the
8-34
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environment. It will assure the Agency complies with NEPA and other applicable
laws such as tr.' Endangered Species Act and the National Historic Preservation
Act. This effort will focus on EPA-issued new source national
pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permits in 13 states and on Indian
reservations and for off-shore oil and gas sources, EPA laboratories and
facilities, and remaining projects under the Title II construction grants
program,
AC&C dollars will support Region-specific projects and high-priority
initiatives. Efforts will include implementing the strategic plan, integrating
media program data, continuing state and local outreach activities, and
supporting the Regions in solving geographically specific environmental problems.
The Regions will continue to incorporate pollution prevention initiatives in
multi-media decision making, priority-setting and planning. Efforts will include
establishing community outreach programs, conducting pollution prevention audits,
and providing seed money for special projects and initiatives involving the
states, academia, industry and environmental groups.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,305,800 and 98.0 total
workyears, of which $4,605,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $9,700,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the ERG Program will review and provide environmental design
information on approximately 300 Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) for major
projects and will conduct approximately 2,000 environmental assessment reviews
involving hydroelectric dams, modifications and flood control/water resource and
transportation projects. The ERG program will follow-up on over 100 of these
projects to resolve environmental problems. This program will focus on liaison
with Federal agencies whose program many affect the environment; early
involvement in the planning cycle for projects with potential for major
environmental disruption; review of Federal projects and long range Agency plans
to ensure proper consideration of the impacts of major environmental changes; and
follow up on projects to ensure resolution of significant environmental issues
identified during environmental reviews.
In 1991, the Indians Program continues to focus on helping Indian Tribes
implement their own environmental programs, consistent with the President's
policy of working with Tribes as governments and Congressional direction to treat
Tribes as states for the purposes of implementing environmental laws. Emphasis
will be on strengthening EPA program coverage on Indian reservations in order to
restore and protect environmental quality and assisting tribal governments in
developing the necessary infrastructure and technical skills to maintain the
Future environmental quality of reservation lands. A protocol will be developed
for a nation-wide survey of environmental conditions on Indian lands.
In support of pollution prevention, . the Environmental Review and
Coordination Program ensures the Agency develops a solid program of compliance
with NEPA and other applicable statutes for EPA laboratories, facilities
construction and alterations, new source NPDES permit issuance, and remaining
construction grant activity. Efforts focus on developing state environmental
review capacity for the State Revolving Fund, including agreements with other
Federal agencies setting out a state lead on initial compliance reviews.
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AC&C dollars will continue to support high priority Region-specific
projects and initiatives which allow the Regions to respond effectively to
unanticipated situations. Examples of these projects include local outreach
activities, strategic planning, environmental education, data integration,
technology transfer, and cross-media enforcement efforts. The numerous pollution
prevention Regional projects funded include: waste minimization projects, support
for local government recycling activities, state/local government Clean Air Act
outreach activities, and multi-media enforcement projects.
As a result of the Office of Enforcement's reorganization to improve
communication between EPA and other Federal agencies in the area of Federal
Facility compliance with environmental laws, new program elements are established
in 1991 (Federal Facilities Enforcement). In 1991, 17.0 total workyears and
$200,000 AC&C are transferred from ERC to establish a separate program element
for the Federal Facilities Enforcement Regional Program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $10,693,100 supported by 108.7
total workyears, of which $4,855,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,837,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990, the NEPA program provided assistance to delegated state
construction grants programs, ensured that EPA-issued NPDES new source permits
were in compliance with NEPA, assisted EPA ORD laboratories in meeting NEPA
requirements for research and development projects, and assisted EPA Regional
program offices in their efforts to comply with other environmental laws and to
carry out reviews equivalent to NEPA. The Agency also continued to work on the
review of environmental impacts of proposed projects, regulations and other major
Federal actions as required by both NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act.
The major objective of this program, to minimize the adverse environmental impact
of Federal proposals, was accomplished by: (1) effective liaison with other
Federal agencies, (2) early identification of significant environmental issues,
and (3) timely review of major actions. Specific NEPA reviews completed in 1990
included: wastewater treatment facilities in Boston, District of Columbia, North
Dakota and Oregon; NPDES permits on power plants in Florida and New England and
seafood processing in Alaska; and EPA facility expansion in San Francisco and
North Carolina. This program also concluded an agreement on EPA compliance with
the National Historic Preservation Act for the State Revolving Fund (SRF).
Efforts were also initiated on agreements for compliance with the Endangered
Species Act for Superfund and SRF.
In 1990, the Indian Program increased communications with Indian tribes
through use of the Agency Communications Plan. A list of agency employees with
Indian Program responsibilities was developed and sent to all tribal leaders.
Semi-annual updates of the listing are planned; one such revision occurred in
1990. Representatives of the Indian program have joined with media program staff
to provide outreach and training for tribal leaders and employees on a variety
of environmental protection issues including waste disposal and emergency
response. The Cherokee Tribe of North Carolina received a grant to demonstrate
their surface water quality protection methods to the other tribes in the
Southeastern United States (e.g., Mississippi Choctaw, Seminole, Miccosukee,
etc.) In the area of direct technical assistance to aid tribes in developing
8-36
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their own programs in lieu of direct federal implementation, the program has
provided Senior Environmental Employees who have visited reservations and aided
tribal staff in developing tribal-specific responses to the unique environmental
problems on Indian lands. The identification of priority environmental problems
on Indian reservations was furthered by program participation in the -Indian
Resources Task Force and by the development of a draft protocol for a nation-wide
survey of environmental conditions on Indian lands.
The Federal Facilities program reviewed the cost, timeliness and
engineering specifications on approximately 3,000 existing and proposed federal
facility projects to ensure the adequacy in complying with all applicable
environmental statutory and regulatory requirements in accordance with OMB
Circular A-106; assisted in conducting 97 multi-media inspections at federal
facilities targeted as priorities based on historical non-compliance, seriousness
of violations with respect to risk to human health and the environment, and
strategic deterrence to non-compliance; and implemented a nationally coordinated
technology transfer program to improve voluntary compliance involving training,
technical assistance on regulatory matters, and development of a long term
technology strategy regarding compliance capabilities, waste minimization and
pollution prevention*
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MULTIMEDIA
Office Of Cooperative Environmental Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
Salaries i Expenses $1,154.7 $804.0 $204.0 $1,242.1 £438.1
Abatement Control $1,798.3 $2,058.2 $2,058.2 $2,058.2 0.0
and Compliance
TOTAL $2,953.0 $2,862.2 $2,862.2 $3,300.3 $438.1
TOTAL!
Salaries & Expenses $1,154.7 $804.0 $804.0 $1,242.1 $438.1
Abatement Control $1,798.3 $2,058.2 $2,058.2 $2,018.2 0.0
and Compliance
Office Of TOTAL $2,953.0 $2,862.2 $2,862.2 $3,300.3 $438.1
Cooperative Environmental
Mangement
PERMANENT UQRKYEARS
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
13.7
TOTAL PERMANENT UQRKYEARS 13.7
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
-16.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office Of Cooperative 1S.3 16.0 16.0 16.0 0.0
Environmental
Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS 15.3 16,0 16.0 16.0 0.0
8-38
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Multimedia
Cooperative Environmental Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,300,300 supported by 16,0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,242,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,058,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation•. This represents an increase of $438,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1991.
Cooperative Environmental...,Management
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,300,300 supported by 16,0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,242,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,058,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $438,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in 1992, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1991.
This program will continue to develop a national program that identifies,
documents, and disseminates selective exemplary environmental practices;
establishes a national network of environmental technical experts; expands EPA's
academic and vocational infrastructure through environmental management
institutes; assures continued growth in the management of EPA's National Network
for Environmental Management Studies (NNMES); maintains essential support to the
Administrator's National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology
Transfer (NACEPT) (formerly NACETT) and its four committees, and oversees the
response to recommendations accepted by the Administrator; and identifies and
promotes the development and use of needed new and innovative environmental
technologies through appropriate cooperative efforts with organizations and
institutions outside EPA by identifying and initiating efforts to remedy
administrative and other barriers to the development and use of needed new
environmental technology.
In addition, this program will continue to seek and assess new and existing
environmental technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency
or by others and will do so with the assistance of experts in academia;
technological leaders in business and industry; and in other Federal, State and
local agencies,
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,862,200 supported by 16.0
total workyears for this program of which $804,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,058,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
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Compliance appropriation. The program is .continuing to develop a national
program to identify, document and disseminate selected environmental "best
practices" that constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establish a
national network of environmental experts and communication focal points at the
Federal and state levels of government; expand EPA's academic and vocational
infrastructure ties through the development of regionally based cooperative
environmental management institutes; assure continued growth in the management
of EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNMES); and
create and staff the Administrator's National Advisory Council for Environmental
Policy and Technology Transfer to address issue areas of national concern. In
cooperation with Program and Regional Offices, and State and local agencies, this
program will continue to identify and promote innovative environmental management
and implementation strategies through ongoing program development activities and
demonstrations. In cooperation with the Office of Research and Development
(ORD), it will promote and support activities required by the Federal Technology
Transfer Act of 1986 (FTTA) and the President's Executive Order 12591 to
accelerate the development and commercialization of needed new (environmental)
technology. In addition, this program will manage the Administrator's National
Small Community Regulatory Outreach program,
Finally, this program seeks and assesses new and existing environmental
technologies outside of the Agency for possible use by the Agency or by others
with the assistance of experts in aeademia; technological leaders in business and
industry; and in other Federal, state and local agencies.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,953,000 supported by 15.3 total
workyears, of'which $1,154,700 was .from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,798,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, the following accomplishments were achieved: promoted, and
supported within the Agency, the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 and
Executive Order 12591; supported a wide array of new program-specific, Region-
specific and Agency-wide initiatives to improve the implementation of EPA
programs through improved information sharing within and outside the Agency;
supported the university-led consortia to assess the efficacy of newly developed
environmental technologies and promoted the commercialization of those
technologies found to be needed and efficacious; maintained a program to
disseminate case studies of environmental best practices; and maintained a
network of technology transfer focal points in each Headquarters and Regional
Office and in each state; created and staffed the Administrator's National
Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology, The Office also
managed the Administrator's National Small Community Regulatory Outreach Program
and the National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNCMS) graduate
fellowship Program,
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Training Grants
ACTUAL .ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 0ECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Academic Training
Abatement Control $523,3 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
and Compliance
TOTAL $523.3 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control $523.3 11,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
and Compliance
Multimedia TOTAL $523.3 $1,000.0 $1,000.0 -$1,000.0
Training Grants
8-41
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Multimedia
Multimedia Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1992.
MULTIMEDIA TRAINING GRANTS
1992 ProEram Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1992.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency allocated $1,000,000 from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation for this program to develop course materials for
state/local technical staff training through community colleges and more
generally, to carry out environmental workforce planning and development
activities.
Congressional Directive. A total of $1,000,000 is for Congressionally-
directed Academic Training.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $523,300 for this program, which provided
academic and professional training to State and local environmental personnel in
the areas of pollution control and environmental engineering. The program also
provided economic support through fellowships and training grants to minority
students allowing them to receive academic training in the environmental field.
Support was provided to community colleges to link secondary schools and post-
secondary institutions to a more rounded environmental career education program.
8-42
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRQNME1CTM. PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MULTIMEDIA
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support . 8-43
Enforcement Policy and Operations . 8-45
Criminal Investigations Program ........ . 8-51
Technical Support 8-54
Federal Facilities Enforcement .... 8—56
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Salaries fc Expenses $3,345.8 $4,640.0 £4,640.0 15,325.7 $685.7
Abatement Control $1,514.3 $2,566.5 $2,566.5 $2,466.5 -$100.0
and Compliance
TOTAL $4,860.1 $7,206.5 $7,206.5 $7,792.2 $515.7
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Salaries £ Expenses $16,960.0 $21,131.4 $21,130.6 $24,516.1 $3,385.5
Abatement Control $1,442.0 »2,117.0 $2,117.0 $3,517.0 $1,400.0
and Compliance
Reregfstration and $60.9 $327.3 $327.3 -$327.3
Expedited Processing
ocean Dipping Act $116.0 $116.0 -$116.0
TOTAL $18,462.9 $23,691.7 $23,690.9 $28,033.1 $4,342.2
Criminal Investigation
Program
Salaries £ Expenses $3,268.2 $4,809.2 $4,809.2 $6,026.9 $1,217.7
TOTAL $3,268.2 $4,809.2 $4,809.2 $6,026.9 $1,217.7
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $1,089.0 $1,089.0 $1,704.0 $615.0
Abatement Control and $200.0 $200.0 $200.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,289.0 $1,289.0 $1,904.0 $615.0
TOTAL:
Salaries I Expenses $23,574.0 $31,669.6 $31,668.8 $37,572.7 $5,903.9
Abatement Control $2,956.3 $4,883.5 $4,883.5 $6,183.5 $1,300.0
and Compliance
Registration and $60.9 $327.3 $327.3 -$327.3
Expedited Processing
Ocean Dumping Act $116.0 $116.0 -$116.0
Enforcement TOTAL $26,591.2 $36,996.4 $36,995.6 $43,716.2 $6,760.6
Policy & Technical Support
PERMANENT UORXYEARS
Technical Support 51.4 69.7 69.7 72.7 3.0
Office of Enforcement
Enforcement Policy & 286.2 382.9 382.9 414.9 32.0
Operations
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy S Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 'ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
Criminal Investigation 45.6 64.7 64.7 73.7 9.0
Program
federal Facilities 21.5 21.5 31.5 10.0
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT. WORKYEARS 383.2 538.8 538.8 592.8 54.0
TOTAL UQRKYEARS
Technical Support 54.1 69.7 69.7 72.7 3.0
Office of Enforcement
Enforcement Policy & 308.2 398.9 398.9 414.9 16.0
Operations
Criminal Investigation 45.6 64.7 64.7 73.7 9.0
Program
Federal Facilities 21.5 21.5 31.5 10.0
Enforcement
TOTAL yOIKYEARS 407.9 554.8 SS4.8 592.8 38.0
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of §43,756,200 supported by 592.8 total
workyears 'for 1992, Of the request, $37,572,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,183,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This request represents increases of $5,903,900 for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,300,000 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and 38.0 total workyears for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. No workyear increases are requested for the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund or the Ocean Dumping Fund.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests $28,033,100 supported by 414,9 total workyears for
this program of which $24,516,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $3,517,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 407.9 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, 5.0 total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund, and 2.0 from the Ocean Dumping Fund. This request
represents; an increase of $3,385,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
from 1991 to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the President's
program in 1992; $1,400,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation; and 16.0 for Salaries and Expenses workyears. There is no change
in workyears for the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, or
from the Ocean Dumping Revolving Fund. The increase in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation reflects initiatives related to the National
Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) authorized by the Pollution Prosecution Act
and more effective enforcement through more comprehensive case screening,
targeting, and data integration. The workyear increases are related to
implementation of the Clean Mr Act Amendments, to support for cross-media and
criminal enforcement efforts, and to training initiatives.
The goal of this program is to respond to instances of non-compliance with
environmental statutes with consistent, timely, and effective enforcement
actions. Resources requested by Headquarters and the Regions reflect anticipated
workload for administrative enforcement actions, new and ongoing civil and
criminal judicial litigation and a number of enforcement initiatives related to
improving the effectiveness of national enforcement efforts, such as cross-media
and geographic initiatives. In 1992, 2.0 additional workyears at Headquarters
are requested for managing a new program for administrative compliance and
penalty orders as contained in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Clean Air Act legal
resources will also be utilized in preparing legal materials for administrative
hearings, reviewing for enforceability the regulations to be promulgated under
the reauthorized Clean Air Act, and developing cases where Headquarters has the
lead, primarily cases involving stratospheric ozone and wood stoves.
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In 1992, Headquarters staff will build upon the initial efforts of 1990 and
1991 to integrate the data management systems of the Agency to facilitate access
to compliance information across media, industries, pollutants, or geographic
areas by regional staff. An increase of 2.0 workyears will be devoted to
implementing a National Enforcement Training Institute. The increased workyears,
coupled with 1.0 workyear at the National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC) will ensure the expansion of legal, technical, and investigative capacity
both in the Regions and the States by development of appropriate multi-
disciplinary and cross-media training courses. Relatively high staff turnover
levels coupled with frequent statutory changes have heightened the need for
training at both the entry and experienced staff levels. These needs must be met
to ensure continued high quality enforcement actions.
A net increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance of $1,400,000 in 1992
is requested, including $1,000,000 to be devoted to overall design of the new
National Enforcement Training Institute. These funds will implement provisions
of the Pollution Prosecution Act, enabling new course development for training
legal, technical, and investigative staff. A requested increase for contract
dollars of §500,000 will facilitate development of automated systems which will
enable integration of the Agency's enforcement information systems and improve
the access of Agency personnel to compliance data. Such access will improve the
capability for targeting and screening enforcement actions and thereby improve
both the deterrence value of enforcement and the environmental benefit of
enforcement actions undertaken. Base contract resources have been adjusted (-
$100,000) to facilitate a larger effort in these two areas which support
Presidential priorities.
The Regions will be responsible for initiating new enforcement actions
based upon statutory, regulatory, and programmatic directives. Higher projected
levels of administrative orders, civil judicial referrals and litigation will
require legal support. Regional legal resources will respond to growth in the
numbers of criminal investigations, referrals, and indictments, which are
expected to occur as a result of the expansion of the criminal investigation
program.
In the Regions, an additional 8.0 workyears are requested in 1992 to
implement the enforcement provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments.
Administrative penalty authority and other enforcement provisions are expected
to dramatically affect levels of enforcement activity. A workyear increase of
4.0, which will be supplemented by reprogramming within the base, is requested
to provide a focus in each Region for cross-media initiatives. The 2.5 workyears
added by the Congress in 1991 for Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA) activities are included within base resources in 1992 and will
continue to concentrate on enforcement actions involving Toxic Release Inventory
data.
In 1992, 2.0 workyears at Headquarters and 3.0 workyears in the Regions
will work on enforcement activities resulting from reregistration requirements
of FIFRA 88 legislation. The Regions will also provide legal support to
enforcement actions related to Ocean Dumping legislation.
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1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,690,900 supported by 398.9
total workyears for this program, of which $21,130,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $2,117,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, $327,300 is from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund,
and $116,000 is from the Ocean Dumping Fund. Total workyears include 391.9 from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, 5.0 workyears from the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, and 2.0 workyears from the Ocean Dumping
Fund.
The 1991 enforcement program reflects to a large extent the initial
implementation of both the Four-Year Strategic Plan for Enforcement developed in
1990 and the reauthorized Clean Air Act. Implementation efforts at Headquarters
include: an enhanced emphasis on regulation review for enforceability; a data
integration project to support targeting enforcement actions; expanded emphasis
on training, especially attorney training; increased effort on communicating
enforcement actions to create a deterrent impact in the regulated community;
increased communication and networking within the Agency; improved coordination
with units of government involved in environmental enforcement; support of
enforcement initiatives of media offices; increased emphasis on innovative use
of EPA's enforcement authorities, such as contractor listing, environmental
auditing and pollution prevention measures; screening of enforcement actions for
the most appropriate enforcement response to violations through introduction of
a screening capability in Regional Offices; and expanded efforts in detecting
and resolving multi-media environmental violations in the areas of criminal
enforcement and federal facility enforcement.
Headquarters staff, in conjunction with regional components, are developing
national civil judicial, administrative, and criminal enforcement policies that
ensure a consistent and appropriate application of environmental statutes.
Criminal enforcement staff are developing a system to make criminal sentencing
a more efficient enforcement tool through probation revocation, and are working
with the Regions on enforcement strategies related to illegal export of hazardous
waste, medical wastes, filling of wetlands, and groundwater contamination due to
disposal of mining wastes. In addition, Headquarters staff are participating in
a number of cross-media or geographic initiatives such as the Great Lakes
Initiative to reduce toxic and other harmful loadings in the Great Lakes basin,
and enforcement actions aimed at preventing further pollution loading of the
Chesapeake Bay.
Air enforcement work will concentrate on the new enforcement provisions of
the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, including procedures for expanded
administrative enforcement authority (including administrative penalties and
field citations), guidance for new citizen suit provisions, and development of
compliance certification requirements. The areas of acid rain, permit programs,
and air toxics control will be addressed in key rulemakings which require review
to assure enforceability. A multimedia enforcement initiative will be undertaken
to reduce lead emissions, RCRA enforcement work, greatly influenced by the
findings of the RCRA Implementation Study, will focus on efforts to enforce
provisions of the land disposal restrictions, the toxicity characteristics rule,
and corrective action. Nationally significant litigation will oe supported, as
well as geographic and industry-specific enforcement targeting. A RCRA
newsletter focussing on enforcement developments and precedent-setting
8-47
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administrative and judicial decisions will improve communication to both the
regulated community and to regional and state attorneys.
Aggressive enforcement use will continue to be made of the Toxics Release
Inventory information, using authorities under the Emergency Preparedness
Community Right-to-Know Act. Continued enforcement effort will be placed upon
addressing the President's goal of no net loss of wetlands through a Wetlands
Enforcement Initiative jointly undertaken with the Department of Justice and the
Army Corps of Engineers, In addition, Public Water Supply Program enforcement
of coli.form and maximum contamination levels, including lead, will continue to
be emphasized.
In 1991, Regional legal resources are being directed to support of program
enforcement priorities in all media. Levels of effort include continuing work
on prior enforcement initiatives and base programs, including CWA National
Municipal Policy cases, RCRA regulatory requirements for land ban and corrective
action; TSCA enforcement related to PCB's, asbestos, and reporting requirements
under Sections 5 and 8; and EPCRA violations of reporting requirements,
Regional staff are also directing considerable effort to
improving the speed and effectiveness of the enforcement process. Innovative
Regional techniques for targeting and case screening (single or multi-media) will
be an enforcement focus. Regional legal enforcement resources will be an
integral part of strategic planning, targeting and screening activities.
Violations will be reviewed for timely and appropriate response as well as for
potential multi-media enforcement.
At the start of 1991, 646 active consent decrees were being monitored to
ensure compliance with their provisions. Regional Counsel staff will also
provide legal support to follow-up enforcement actions related to the Ocean
Dumping legislation. The Regions have primary responsibility for implementation
of enforcement activities resulting from the reregistration requirements of FIFRA
88.
1990 Accompl ishrnents
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $18,462,900 supported by 308,2
total workyears for this program, of which $16,960,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $1,442,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and $60,900 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund, Total workyears included 307.3 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0.9 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
A major achievement in 1990 was development and initial implementation of
an Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan which ensures an aggressive, cohesive,
and planned enforcement program in the years ahead. This comprehensive plan,
which has both media-specific (i.e. air, water, toxics, etc,) and cross-media
components, will facilitate a strengthened enforcement program--the key to both
protection, of human health and the environment, and promotion of pollution
prevention and waste minimization on the part of the regulated community.
Elements of the Strategic Plan include: targeting of compliance monitoring and
enforcement resources to achieve environmental goals; screening for enforcement
8-48
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response to realize the full potential of enforcement authorities in addressing
violations; and gaining the maximum leverage from each enforcement action in
terms of deterrence and incentives to the regulated community to prevent
pollution and minimise waste. Implementation of the plan involves the joint
efforts of federal, State, and local programs, and envisions increased efforts
to build enforcement and compliance monitoring capacities in partnership with
State and local governments.
In 1990, the enforcement program continued aggressive pursuit of
environmental violators through the use of a broad spectrum of enforcement tools,
achieving the highest level of enforcement actions in the history of the Agency.
EPA referred to the Department of Justice (DOJ) for prosecution 381 civil
judicial cases addressing violations of environmental laws, of which 157 were
CERCLA cases. In addition, EPA's criminal enforcement program referred a total
of 64 criminal cases to DOJ in 1990, an increase over 1989 referrals. Civil
judicial and criminal enforcement efforts were augmented by a continuing high
level of administrate e enforcement actions which put to effective use increased
administrative penalty authorities granted by the Congress within reauthorized
statutes. The deterrence value of these actions was magnified by increased
efforts to publicize enforcement initiatives undertaken. One especially
noteworthy example of this impact is the filing of 23 administrative civil
penalty actions during a one-week period under the dual authorities of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and CERCLA. This
initiative, which involved multi-statute cases, received the notice of the trade
press, and generated pollution prevention settlement provisions.
During 1990, active judicial consent decrees being monitored by regional
legal staff to ensure compliance with their provisions grew from 588 at the
beginning of the year to 646. Where non-compliance with the terms and conditions
of a consent decree was found, the Agency initiated contempt proceedings with the
court to compel compliance. EPA initiated 33 such contempt actions in 1990.
Preliminary statistics indicate that a record $37,197,622 in civil judicial
penalties were assessed in 1990. Penalty actions and fines particularly worthy
of note are: the largest civil judicial fine ever collected in the history of
EPA ($15,000,000 from Texas Eastern); the largest fine ever collected for a TSCA
import violation (BASF Corporation); the largest TSCA fine collected for illegal
chemical manufacture (AT&T); significant penalties assessed under RCRA (BFI and
CECOS, $1,550,000; and Vineland Chemical, $1,223,000); Clean Water Act
settlements of over $2 million each in enforcement actions against B. P. Oil, and
Menominee Paper; and the first FIFRA case ever filed for more than $1,000,000
in proposed penalties. Training was delivered to both Federal and state
enforcement personnel related to "Basic Enforcement Negotiations Skills" and the
penalty models "BEN and ABEL" which quantify the benefit to industry of an
environmental violation and an assessment of a defendant's ability to pay
penalties or fines. The BEN model enjoyed widespread use by personnel throughout
the Agency and in 31 States.
The contractor listing program as a compliance tool was used against a
record number of facilities in 1990. Twenty facilities were listed based on
criminal convictions--twice as many as in any prior year. . One facility was
removed from the list following a removal hearing--the first such hearing--which
established precedential criteria for removals. Discretionary listings were
pursued aggressively. Three were withdrawn after facilities agreed to compliance
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schedules acceptable to EPA. Discretionary listings against seven facilities
were pending at year end.
The enforcement thrust of 1990 gained momentum from a number of related
activities. Examples of accomplishments include the following:
o Innovative settlements such as: implementation of a 160-facility
environmental audit at BASF Corporation and Inmont Division; a vinyl
chloride NESHAP settlement in which an industrial source agreed to
conduct periodic environmental audits to ensure environmental
compliance; reduction in ozone depleting chemicals subject to EPCRA
at 3-V Chemical; reduction in 500,000 pounds of hazardous solid
waste in connection with a TSCA Premanufacturing Notice settlement
with Sherex Chemicals; a cleanup of RCRA-regulated wastes at P. D,
George.
o Management of a collaborative effort Enforcement r in the 1990* s
Project culminating in the issuance of reports which analyzed and
made recommendations on six key elements of the enforcement program:
state/federal roles; local government role; environmental measures
of success; innovative enforcement; leveraging enforcement; and
ensuring enforceability of rulemaking.
o Development of a Wetlands Enforcement Initiative under the Clean
Water Act (CWA) Section 404 in conjunction with the Department of
Justice and the Army Corps of Engineers to address the President's
goal of no net loss of wetlands.
o Implementation of a CWA Pretreatment Initiative including a number
of major cases filed against industrial violators.
o Initiation of enforcement actions to support the Great Lakes
Initiative to reduce toxic and other harmful loadings in the Great
Lakes basin.
o Implementation of a new initiative in criminal enforcement involving
international shipments of waste and hazardous substances.
o Support for litigation against Interstate Lead Company, American
Brass, BFI and CSCOS International, Inc., Environmental Waste
Control, Sanders Lead, and Escambia Treating Company involving
priority RCRA regulatory requirements including corrective action,
land disposal restrictions, ground water monitoring, and closure and
post-closure requirements.
0 Launching of a Chloroflouroearbon (CFG) Enforcement Initiative to
protect the stratospheric ozone by filing five civil cases against
CFC importers who lacked necessary, consumption allowances.
o Joint sponsorship with the Netherlands of the first International
Enforcement Workshop on the Environment, in May 1990 in Utrecht, the
Netherlands, which resulted in published proceedings on enforcement
program design and strategies to address significant environmental
priorities.
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Regional legal enforcement staff in 1990 began carrying out two innovative
enforcement emphases: the first includes pilot implementation of multi-media
enforcement approaches; and the second involves Regional case screening to
ensure systematic consideration of the appropriate use of all enforcement tools
in initiating enforcement actions. In addition to legal support of new civil
referrals taken in response to media program enforcement priorities, the Regions
supported several multi-media and geographical enforcement initiatives including
the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Basin.
In 1990, Regional legal resources were also devoted to administrative and
criminal enforcement actions in support of media program enforcement priorities,
follow through on cases on the ongoing docket, and tracking of consent decree
provisions to ensure compliance -. Effective use was made of administrative
penalty provisions under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act, In
RCRA, enforcement efforts concentrated on corrective action requirements, and
closure and post-closure requirements.
Headquarters legal .staff in 1990 were also involved in the writing of
regulations for FIFRA new reregistration requirements, development of response
policies, and supported Regional staff in initial enforcement actions. In 1990,
Regional Counsel provided legal enforcement support to negotiation of enforcement
and compliance agreements for violators of ocean dumping permits.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,026,900 supported by 73.7 total work/years
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,217,700 and 9.0 total workyears
from 1991. The Salaries and Expenses increase will fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in FY 1992. The workyear increase
will provide additional criminal investigators and support staff to strengthen
environmental enforcement, enforce the criminal provisions of the reauthorized
Clean Air Act, and incrementally implement the provisions of the Pollution
Prosecution Act. Investigators will pursue significant leads of potential
criminal violation of environmental statutes concentrating on those violations
involving the greatest risk to human health or the environment, which are either
referred to other law enforcement agencies or not addressed. Specifically, the
additional agents will enable the Office of Criminal Investigations to focus on
transbpundary, Canadian and Mexican, movements of hazardous and toxic substances
(e.g. maaulladpras industries located on the U.S. side of the Mexican border),
illegal hazardous waste disposal cases, improper fill of wetlands, and violations
of the Clean Water Act.
The Pollution Prosecution Act requires the Agency to:
"... increase the number of criminal investigators assigned to the Office
of Criminal Investigations by such numbers as may be necessary to assure
that the number of criminal investigators assigned to the office for the
period October 1, 1991 through September 30, 1992 is not less than 72...
For fiscal years 1991, and in each of the next following 4 fiscal years,
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the Administrator shall, during each such fiscal year, provide increasing
number of additional support staff to the Office of Criminal
Investigations."
The 9.0 additional workyears will allow the Agency to comply with the
requirement for 72 criminal investigators (including Superfund investigators) in
1992 (1991 base of 66.1 workyears plus 7.0 additional investigator workyears in
1992). Increased resources are needed in 1992 to respond to the changing nature
of the program based on Congressional emphasis on criminal enforcement as
enabling Legislation is reauthorized. Congress has provided options for criminal
prosecution in addition to those which exist for civil prosecution.
Misdemeanors have become felonies, potential fines have been increased, and
maximum jail sentences have been lengthened. Added investigators are also
requested due to the emerging trend toward investigations of larger facilities
and major incidents which requires special agents from more than one Region to
provide an adequate investigative force. (A recent example includes the Rockg
Flats investigation.)
An effective Criminal Investigations Program requires unique expense costs
for undercover operations, purchase of information or evidence, support vehicles,
guns and ammunition, and specialized equipment such as night scopes and
monitoring devices. A significant cost of the program is Administratively
Uncontrollable Overtime which by law must be paid based on the investigator's
full salary. These Salary and Expense Costs have been included in our request.
The Criminal Investigations Program acts to deter forcefully criminal
violations of environmental laws and regulations by demonstrating to the
regulated community that knowing and willful statutory violations will be met
with harsh sanctions in terms of both fines and jail sentences. Such deterrence
contributes to pollution prevention as facility operators realize they can go to
jail if they pollute illegally. The publicity generated by criminal cases as
John Borowski and Paul Tudor Jones II creates a ripple effect of voluntary
compliance. Criminal investigations and enforcement constitute a highly visible
and effective force in the Agency's enforcement strategy. As environmental
statutes have been reauthorized with new or enhanced criminal authorities, the
Criminal Enforcement Program has become a more integral part of EPA's enforcement
efforts. Program priorities are based upon Agency guidance, the Agency's
Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan, individual media program compliance, and
Regional office enforcement strategies.
The Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) works in close cooperation with
state environmental crimes units and other Federal law enforcement agencies,
effectively multiplying the visibility and deterrence of criminal enforcement in
the environmental protection arena. Criminal investigative staff perform the
following major functions: screening investigative leads and developing
significant leads into cases; referring appropriate leads to other law
enforcement agencies, and pursuing joint investigations when circumstances
warrant; pursuing significant investigations and developing referral material for
grand jury action; providing technical support' and information for Grand Jury
decisions on indictment and throughout the trial or pleading process; and
managing the criminal judicial docket and criminal information index.
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1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,809,200 supported by 64.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Priority is given to investigations, cases, and remedial actions having the
highest potential for avoiding environmental harm and protecting public health.
In 1991 the Criminal Program is emphasizing:
o rigorous criminal investigations, particularly with respect to potential
or documented willful violations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), Clean Air Act Amendments (especially air toxic strategy),
toxics in all media, and municipal and pretreatment compliance.
o Federal facility compliance. A number of precedent-setting criminal cases
such as Rockv Flats or Aberdeen Proving Ground have heightened interest by
the Departments of Defense and Energy and other Federal agencies in
meeting environmental standards.
o continuing the improvement in case management begun in 1990 through more
efficient use of investigative resources and greater accessibility of
criminal investigators to Regional staff and Assistant U.S. Attorneys.
o close partnership with state environmental crime units and other Federal
law enforcement agencies. Assisting and training States in building their
own criminal enforcement capability leverages limited Federal staff
resources and effectively multiplies the visibility and deterrent message
of criminal enforcement of environmental statutes.
o improved information access, technical investigation and evidence audit
support.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,268,200 supported by 45.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990, emphasis was placed on rigorous criminal enforcement of willful
violations of RCRA, air toxic strategy, toxics in all media, and Clean Water Act.
Priority was given to investigations and cases with the greatest apparent
potential for preventing environmental harm and protecting public health, such
as the prosecution of Phil J. Lambert. David Cohen & John Melghan and Great
Western Inorganics. OCI continued its commitment to concentrate on larger
facilities and major incidents.
Emphasis was also placed on increasing the effectiveness of Federal
environmental enforcement and coordination. Examples include: preparation of the
Memorandum of Understanding with the Federal Bureau of Investigations concerning
conduct and support for investigations into environmental crimes; and
participation in the drafting of the new Federal Sentencing Guidelines. In
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addition, new emphasis was placed on investigating Federal facility compliance,
State and local capabilities to detect, investigate and prosecute
environmental crimes were significantly enhanced through training courses
provided by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. In furthering the
Agency's priority for international environmental enforcement and pollution
prevention, OCI implemented a new initiative on criminal enforcement involving
international shipments of waste and hazardous substances.
There were 65 criminal referrals (including 1 CERCLA referral) for 1990 as
compared to 60 referrals for 1989, which continues the Agency's pattern of steady
increases in cases referred to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution
of environmental crimes. Although the primary objectives of the program are to
deter potential polluters and to catch violators, the program also assesses
substantial fines each year. In 1989 $11,552,000 in fines were assessed, and in
1990 $5,513,000 in fines were assessed.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,792,200 supported by 72.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,325,700 will be for Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,466,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $685,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in FY 1992, a decrease of $100,000 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.0 total workyears from 1991.
The Salaries and Expenses increase also reflects $250,000 for an
Institutional Fund at the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC).
This fund will allow the NEIC to upgrade and modernize the scientific equipment
needed to operate a specialized environmental laboratory facility. Replacement
costs of laboratory equipment are expenses which are independent of personnel
levels and, therefore, require separate itemization from normal salaries and
support costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects small
reductions to various activities and will not impact any program area.
An increase of 2.0 workyears is requested to provide technical support for
the additional criminal investigators. An increase of 1.0 workyears at NEIC will
complement the 2,0 workyears requested at Headquarters for the design and
delivery of training courses through the National Enforcement Training Institute
(NETI).
In 1992, the NEIC will utilize data integration tools and methodologies to
promote targeting and multi-media investigations. Enforcement targeting will
incorporate the results of analyses on industrial sectors, corporations,
pollutants, geographical areas, and risks to Human health and the environment.
In addition, the NEIC will continue to provide support to the Agency's civil and
criminal enforcement programs and responses to FBI requests.
The NEIC will continue to provide high quality technical support to the
Agency's enforcement program in developing cases that (a) have precedential
8-54
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Implications; (b) have multi-Regional or multi-media impacts; (c) require the
innovative applications of engineering and scientific technology to resolve
complex pollution issues; or (d) exceed a Region's technical capability or
resources. The NEIC will also provide Federal and state enforcement personnel
with training on multi-media investigations, work with EPA Regional Environmental
Services Divisions (ESDs) to build their field, laboratory, and malti-media
support capabilities, and provide technical assistance to the Regions on complex
multi-media investigations and facility audits.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,206,500 supported by 69,7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,640,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,566,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center will provide technical
consultation and assistance to meet the Agency's enforcement goals and objectives
through information and data reviews and analysis; reconnaissance inspections;
field investigations; laboratory analyses; evidence audit support; report
preparation; training; supplemental technical information development; fully
defensible evidence and work products meeting all ehain-of-custody and document
control requirements; fact and expert technical testimony; and expertise in
negotiating the technical aspects of consent decrees.
In 1991, the NEIC is providing assistance to Headquarters and Regional
Offices in the development of Regional enforcement targeting pilots. Case
support will emphasize those facilities identified by targeting based on multi-
media violations and risk assessment techniques. Targeted cases will result in
maximum environmental benefit; are precedential, large-scale and/or technically
complex; are likely to require environmental auditing including multi-media and
corporate-wide compliance; and will encompass waste minimization and pollution
prevention concepts whenever possible, as well as traditional control measures.
The NEIC will continue to operate a national information service providing
information to the environmental enforcement community on both civil and criminal
case matters. This service provides access to the automated information systems
and databases necessary for enforcement case preparation and the development of
initiatives commensurate with Agency enforcement policies and practices.
The NEIC operates a full-scale environmental laboratory facility for the
analysis and evaluation of samples taken during inspections and investigations.
Precise sample analysis requires equipment maintenance to ensure accurate results
and equipment modernization to keep abreast of the latest technology.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,860,100 supported by 54.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,345,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriations and $1,514,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, information integration has enabled the NEIC to identify
8-55
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facilities violating environmental statutes where the potential for environmental
benefit was the greatest. These techniques typically led to large facilities
where a multi-media inspection could address compliance from a total
environmental approach.
The NEIC has been involved in a number of significant enforcement cases and
has pioneered enforcement tools in both the criminal and civil programs.
Especially noteworthy accomplishments are:
o support to Regional pilot projects using information integration and
related targeting;
o multi-media investigations of both Federal and industrial facilities
to address Regional/Headquarters enforcement initiatives and
priorities;
o training of Regional and state personnel on multi-media
investigation procedures and applicability;
o NEIC's role as a focal point for laboratory analytical assistance to
the criminal program;
o support to the Air Toxic Enforcement Initiative through
investigations of the toxic and hazardous control and waste
management practices at two large chemical facilities in Beaumont,
Texas;
o review of proposed regulations to ensure enforceability;
o implementation of key new provisions and authorities included in
reauthorized or amended statutes, such as RCRA, TSCA, CWA, CAA,
FIFRA, and SDWA;
o enhancement to the Enforcement and Compliance Data linkage to add
the Toxic Release Inventory System (TRIS) and CERCLIS databases to
the Corporate Cross-Regional Identification Program (CCRIP); and,
o technical support to criminal investigations including detailed on-
site inspections and complex analytical services.
FEDERAL FACILITIES ENFORCEMENT .
1992 Program Request;
The Agency requests a total of $1,904,000 supported by 31.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,704,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $615,000 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to fund the Federal workforce needed to implement the
President's program in FT 1992, no increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and an increase of 10.0 total workyears from 1991. The workyear increases will
support the Agency's program to amplify Federal Facility multi-media
environmental compliance.
8-56
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In 1992, the Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) will place
added emphasis on a national program to ensure that Federal Facilities and
Government-Owned-Contractor-Operated (GOCO) facilities conduct their activities
in an environmentally sound manner and comply with all applicable environmental
statutes and regulations. This will include the prevention and control of air,
water or soil contamination at facilities on lands they control. In addition,
support will be provided to coordinate Agency media programs to encourage Federal
facilities to take mitigative actions where their operations could endanger human
health or the environment.
Headquarters will oversee the multi-media enforcement strategy for Federal
Facilities environmental compliance. The strategy will provide Federal agencies
with guidance on their environmental responsibilities, give technical assistance
and training to implement these responsibilities, and provide guidance to the
Federal sector in initiating waste minimization and pollution prevention actions.
Headquarters will manage the Federal Facilities Tracking System (FFTS) to
give a national listing of Federal facility trouble spots. The prioritized
enforcement component will focus Regional enforcement and oversight resources on
Federal facilities which have historical compliance problems, current violations
with respect to human health or the environment, or who would have a high
visibility deterrence value. In 1992 the program will also continue to implement
an improved A-106 review process to ensure that Federal Agency environmental
projects are cost-effective and show real environmental benefits.
In 1992, Regional personnel will implement the Federal Facilities multi-
media enforcement strategy. The strategy will contain two major components;
technical assistance and tracking; and prioritized enforcement. The technical
assistance and tracking component will include: inspection and compliance
activity tracking through a nationally coordinated Federal Facility Tracking
System, Federal Facility Regional staff will coordinate an EPA compliance team
to inspect Federal Facilities. EPA reviews will Include Federal Facility sewage
treatment plants and solid waste disposal facilities.
Prioritized enforcement will focus on targeted priority facilities and
sensitive areas using risk, historical non-compliance, and deterrence value as
the planning criteria. Negotiated schedules and remedies will reflect the
relative risks posed by media-specific violations thereby providing the Federal
Facilities with a priority-based approach to achieving compliance. Abatement,
Control and Compliance dollars will continue to support the Federal Facilities
Tracking System, and auditing and inspection training.
19 91^ Pro gram
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,289,000 supported by 21,5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,089,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $200,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1991, support is being provided for the development of the Federal
facilities multi-media enforcement strategy. In 1991, OFF! is working with
various Agency offices to coordinate the development of a multi-media strategy
which will address air, water and soil contamination at targeted Federal
Facilities. Regional personnel are training to conduct environmental audits and
8-57
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inspections as part of an EPA team. Abatement Control and Compliance resources
are supporting the Federal Facility Tracking System (FFTS) and A-106 tracking.
In 1990, the Agency reorganized and moved the Office of Federal Activities
under the Office of Enforcement, Under OE, Federal agency work was split between
the Office of Federal Activities and the Office of Federal Facilities
Enforcement, As a result of this change, resources for the Office of
Enforcement's Federal Facilities work in the multi-media area are tracked under
this new program element beginning in 1991.
1990 Accomplishments
This program was incorporated under the Federal Activities program element
in 1990. In 199.1, as a result of the reorganization of Federal Facilities
activities in the Agency, a new program element for tracking resources was
created.
Accomplishments in 1990 include development of an improved A-106 review
process and enhanced regional liaison work with Federal Facilities seeking Agency
environmental expertise. In addition, a two volume guidance package was issued
on "Conducting Environmental Audits at Federal Facilities" to assist Federal
agencies in complying with environmental statutes administered by EPA,
8-58
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9. Toxic
Substances
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research ... 9-8
Scientific Assessment 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance .... 9-18
Health Effects •. 9-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 9—21
Environmental Processes and Effects ..... ... 9-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance ... 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants ............. 9-25
Toxic Substances Strategies ............ 9-26
Chemical Testing ....... . 9-28
Existing Chemical Review ....» . 9-30
New chemical Review , 9-32
Asbestos-in-Buildings , 9-34
Regional Toxics Program 9-36
TS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know ........ 9-38
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement . . . . 9—42
Toxic Substances Enforcement .......... 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants .... 9-45
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9—46
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
t992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$48,057.4 $50,153.5 $50,168.5 $52,844.0 $2,675.5
$95,196.2 S102,641.2 $102,641.2 $51,441.2 -$51,200.0
$15,697.0 $14,282.1 $14,282.1 $15,002.0 $719.9
$158,950.6 $167,076.8 $167,091.8 $119,287.2 -$47,804.6
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
830.6 883.5 883.5 891.9 8.4
859.3 895.4 895.4 891.9 -3.5
$133,472.6 $153,123.0 $153,137.0 $111,554.3 -$41,582.7
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act
expired on September 30, 1983. Reauthorization is
pending.
9-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
I. OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances medium covers programs implemented under four
environmental statutes, all of which focus on control of toxic chemical use. The
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the authority and responsibility to
protect human health and the environment from unreasonable risks arising from the
manufacture, distribution, use, or disposal of existing and new chemicals. The
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) directs the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to assist states and local educational agencies (LEAs) in
determining the extent of risks from exposure to asbestos-containing materials.
The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) imposes inspection and
abatement requirements on all public and private elementary and secondary
schools, and requires EPA to examine the issue of asbestos in public and
commercial buildings. Finally, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA), commonly known as section 313 of Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), requires EPA to establish an inventory
of toxic chemical emissions based on annual reports of environmental releases
from owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, import,
process, or otherwise use certain chemicals. This is known as the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI). The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 directs the expansion of
data contained in TRI.
To carry out its mandates under the laws, EPA will implement the following
major goals in 1992: (1) revitalize the toxic substances Existing Chemical
Review program to make TSCA a more effective multi-media pollution prevention
tool; (2) minimize risk by promoting the use of safer chemicals; (3) improve our
knowledge of chemicals and share that knowledge with the public by expanding the
use and quality of the TRI emission data for making risk reduction decisions at
the local level; and (4) expand international activities to support harmonization
of chemical testing and risk management approaches. In addition, two important
cross-cutting goals are to ensure strong toxic substances enforcement and
adequate research and development support.
II- 1992PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The New Chemical Review program remains one of EPA's principal pollution
prevention programs, preventing potential chemical pollutants that may pose
unreasonable risks to human health or the environment from entering commercial
production, as well as providing more rapid entry into the marketplace of new,
potentially safer chemicals to replace hazardous chemicals. It is anticipated
that approximately 3,000 new chemical submissions will be received in 1992, the
same level as is anticipated in 1991. The number of biotechnology notices
expected in 1992 is 20. Advances in biotechnology have the potential to improve
our ability to deal with hazardous waste clean-up, metal ore extraction and
agriculture productivity. EPA's general biotechnology rule will be proposed in
1991 and promulgated in 1992.
Optical disk technology, which will reduce costs for storage and retrieval
of the hundreds of thousands of documents received each year, will be implemented
9-2
-------
in 1991, and fully operational in 1992. The New Chemical follow-up rule will
enable the New Chemical Review program to include more new chemicals under
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) in 1992, thereby reducing the time during which
a SNUR can be preempted by the introduction of a new chemical into commerce.
The Existing Chemical Review Program aims to identify chemicals that pose
potential risks to public health or the environment, characterize their risks,
and, where unreasonable risks are found, take appropriate action. There are
approximately 10,000 chemicals with production volumes over 10,000 pounds
annually about which we know little or nothing of their risk potential. We need
to accelerate significantly our screening and testing of these chemicals so we
can have a strong risk-based rationale for EPA's pollution prevention and
existing chemical regulatory programs. In 1990, EPA significantly modified the
policies and procedures of the Existing Chemical Review program in order to
implement more effectively the authorities of TSCA. These changes are intended
to streamline the Existing Chemical Review program to allow for completing more
regulatory actions, incorporating more innovative regulatory approaches and, when
appropriate, supplementing these activities with non-regulatory actions to reduce
risks for existing chemicals,
EPA is actively encouraging voluntary reductions of emissions and exposure
as a supplement to regulatory action. An important facet of this effort is the
voluntary reduction that is already occurring as a result of the TRI.
Regulations establishing the TRI program were promulgated in 1988, and the third
emissions reporting cycle is now underway. Based upon this experience, the 1992
effort will be targeted towards improving data quality and reducing the time for
processing data reported to EPA. In 1992 we will also provide improved
accessibility and usability of the TRI database to aid EPA staff, the states and
the public in making decisions directed toward risk reduction and pollution
prevention.
EPA has maintained a. strong commitment to carrying out its Congressional
mandates with respect to asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Unfortunately, our current level of scientific understanding strongly limits our
ability to quantify the risk that the public faces from damaged, friable asbestos
and from PCBs contaminating the environment. Consequently, one of our major
goals is the strengthening of our quantitative risk basis for managing the
asbestos and PCB programs, The Asbestos ii^ Buildings program will continue to
implement the key recommendations made in the 1988 Report to Congress on asbestos
in public and commercial buildings, including studies to develop improved data
on exposure to asbestos in public and commercial buildings and to evaluate
various mitigation methods. To support the Agency's efforts to ensure that the
handling and disposal of asbestos and PCBs does not result in an actual increase
in public health risk because of improper action, the Agency has established a
Regional Toxics proEram to complement the existing toxic substances compliance
program. This field program will work with the states to develop and strengthen
their program operations for the Asbestos in Buildings and PCB programs. Our
goal is to build a coordinated Federal/state program in these two areas and
significantly expand state and local efforts in 1992.
For 1992 EPA will seek to further the major program goals of the toxic
substances program through both internal reprogramming of resources within the
base program and through requests for additional resources. These budget
initiatives are specifically intended to strengthen the Existing Chemical Review
9-3
-------
program, the Chemical Testing program and TRI. In our Existing Chemical Review
and Chemical Testing programs, the 1992 request contains funds to support
initiatives in lead, the revitalized Existing Chemical Review program, and
international testing. Our lead initiative seeks to use TSCA authorities to
implement a multi-media control strategy to reduce lead exposure in the
environment. The revitalized Existing Chemical Review program will identify
creative risk reduction opportunities under TSCA and generate more program
productivity through development and use of generic rules. Our international
testing initiative will enhance this country's ability to provide leadership in
the harmonization of testing standards and protocols and to participate actively
in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) cooperative
screening, testing, and risk reduction program. TRI will also receive
reprogrammed funding and request new resources to support an initiative to
increase significantly the quality of data generated through TRI, stimulate
increased use of these data to support Federal, state, and Regional risk
management programs, and implement the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, which
assigns significant responsibilities to the TRI program.
Ensure StronE Toxic Substances Enforcement
The major objective of the Agency's Toxic Substances Enforcement program
is to maintain an efficient and effective national compliance monitoring program
with appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The enforcement
program depends increasingly upon the assistance of state agencies, which conduct
compliance monitoring inspections under the terms of cooperative enforcement
agreements. Thirty-five states currently participate in the TSCA cooperative
agreement program. State programs emphasize compliance monitoring of existing
chemical control rules, particularly those for asbestos, PCBs and hexavalent
chromium. The TSCA decentralisation initiative enables states to initiate case
development based on inspections conducted by state or Federal authorities. More
states are assuming additional comprehensive TSCA enforcement responsibilities,
allowing for greater enforcement coverage and locally-tailored programs. The
enforcement program is placing a growing emphasis on conducting a comprehensive
compliance program for asbestos and PCBs, including more frequent and
comprehensive inspections at PCB disposal sites, and will be targeting
inspections at brokers, storers and transporters of such materials.
The Toxic Substances Enforcement program also supports the enforcement
provisions of the EPCRA TRI program. EPA's inspection program ensures that
manufacturers, processors, and users of subject chemicals comply with section 313
requirements to report emissions and discharges of toxic chemicals. As the TRI
program matures, additional emphasis will be placed on data quality compliance
to reduce false reporting in the regulated community.
ResearchSupports Toxics Program
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) by performing research on test method
development and validation, exposure monitoring, structure activity relationships
and biotechnology, among other areas. ORD will also continue to develop risk
assessments for oncological and mutagenic toxicity. Additional research will be
performed on neurological and reproductive toxicity and exposure assessment.
9-4
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
1990
Current
Estimate
1991
Estimate
1992
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1992 vs 1991
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Sec. 8(e) Initial Reviews... 150
Sec, 8(e) Follow-up Reviews. 300
FYI Reviews . . , 75
Preliminary Hazard Screens., 750
Hazard Screens From Clusters 0
RM1 Cases Developed . 15
RM Investigations Begun..... 3
RM Regulatory Decision Pkgs, 6
Chemical Lists Issued....... 0
Major Rulemakings 0
SNURs and Minor Rulemakings. 156
PCB Rulemakings 0
PCB Disposal Permits 6
Sec. 21 Responses. 4
Sec. 9 Referrals 1
New Chemical Review.
Rulemakings 2
New Chemical Submissions.... 2,750
New Chemical Control Actions 360
Biotechnology Notices 2
Biotechnology Control Actions 2
New Chemical SNURs 156
Receipt of Test Data........ 74
Bona Fide Submissions 500
Commencement Notices 1,026
Chemical Testing
ITC Testing Actions 4
Non-lTC Testing Actions 6
f e- Guidelines 0
Te Standard Modifications. 12
Interim Test Program Reviews. 2
Final Test Program Reviews.. 3
150
300
75
750
50
30
5
6
2
5
5
1
6
4
2
1
3,000
390
10
5
235
120
600
1,300
6
6
2
20
6
4
150
300
75
750
75
40
7
6
2
4
5
0
6
4
2
1
3,000
400
20
10
400
130
600
1,400
10
6
2
30
6
4
+25
+10
+2
-1
-1
-HO
+10
+5
+165
+10
+100
+4
+10
9-5
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES -
Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1990 1991 1992 1992 vs 1991
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Title III
TRI Forms Received
TRI Forms Processed
Notices of Noncompliance. . .
Receipt of Corrected Forms.
Petitions Received. .......
On-Site Technical Audits...
Suspect Tech. Data Review. .
Rulemakines
.87,000
.91,000
. 3,000
. 25 , 000
10
200
. 1,000
0
100,000
108,000
5,000
30,000
10
0
500
3
105,000 4-5,000
110,000 +2,000
5,000
30,000
10
0
500
2 -1
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants
Abatement Projects Funded... 206 220 33 -187
Weekly Exposure Hrs
Reduced. 2,100,000 2,300,000 200,000-2,100,000
Asbestosin Buildings
Abatement Projects Closed Out 300 350 300 -50
State Waiver Programs
Developed (cumulative) 2 2 2
State Accreditation Programs
Developed (cumulative)...... 22 30 35 +5
9-6
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
1990
Currant
Estimate
1991
Estimate
1992
Increase*
Decrease-
1992 vs.
1991
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Enforcement Actions
EPCRA Inspections.
Laboratory Inspections.
Test Study Audits......
Inspections, Sec. 5...,
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB Inspections*
Asbestos Inspections*.
Inspections, Sec. 8....
664
12
68
130
1,958
2,182
120
750
12
67
130
2,175
2,370
120
830
12
67
130
2,175
2,370
120
+80
*lncludes Federal, state, and contractor inspections
9-7
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-------
Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-8
Scientific Assessment . 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-18
Health Effects 9-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 9-21
Environmental Processes and Effects ...... 9-22
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE «-
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$110.3 $174,9 $174.9 $178.2 $3.3
$52.0 $50.0 $50.0 $50.0 0.0
TOTAL $162.3 $224.9 $224.9 $228.2 $3.3
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Salaries £ Expenses
Research & Development
$1,635.7
$3,666.2
TOTAL $5,301.9
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries I Expenses
Research & Development
$3,524.3
$5,125,3
TOTAL $8,649.6
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$652.1
$2,054,8
TOTAL $2,706.9
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$5,605.6
$4,798.7
TOTAL $10,404.3
$1,736.3 $1,751.5 $1,740.0 -$11.5
$3,433.3 $3,433.3 $3,603.2 $169.9
$5,169.6 $5,184.8 $5,343.2 $158.4
$3,243.9 $3,243.9 $3,347.5 $103.6
$4,920.2 $4,920.2 $5,270.2 $350.0
$8,164.1 $8,164.1 $8,617.7 $453.6
$596.7 $596.7 $614.3 $17.6
$1,718.6 $1,718.6 $1,718.6 0.0
$2,315.3 $2,315.3 $2,332.9 $17.6
$5,428.4 $5,428.4 $5,378.3 -$50,1
$4,160.0 $4,160.0 $4,360.0 $200.0
$9,588.4 $9,588.4 $9,738.3 $149.9
TOTAL:
Salaries t Expenses
Research i Development
Toxic Substances
Research
$11,528.0 $11,180.2 $11,195.4 $11,258.3 $62.9
$15,697.0 $14,282.1 $14,282.1 $15,002.0 $719.9
TOTAL $27,223.0 $25,462.3 $25,477.5 $26,260,3 $782.8
9-8
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substsncts
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology * Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL yQRKYEARS
1.9 2.0 2.0
2.0
0.0
25.1 25,0 25.0 24.0 -1.0
57.3 62.4 62.4 62.4 0.0
10.0 10.6 10.6 10.6 0.0
79.4 85.5 85.5 85.5 0.0
173.7 185.S 185.1 184.1 -1.0
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring systems £
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Envfronmental
Engineering I
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL UORKYEARS
1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0
0.0
26.2 25.0 25.0 24.0 -1.0
61.0 62.4 62.4 62.4 0.0
10.0 10.6 10.6 10.6 0.0
83.1 85.5 85.5 85.5 0.0
182.9 185.5 185.5 184.5 -1.0
9-9
-------
1992:
TOXIC SUBSTANCES -
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs
o Field evaluations of immunoassays for benzene, toluene, xylene
(Monitoring).
o Human Exposure Assessment Location Project - Report on 1991
Activities (Monitoring),
o Environmental Statistics, Geostatistics, and Chemometries: Annual
Report of Research (Monitoring).
o Benzene Exposure Assessment Model (BEAM) Simulation for Los Angeles
(Monitoring).
o Annual report on QA support for OTS measurement and monitoring
activities (Monitoring).
o Report on Privatization Program for QA Reference Materials
(Monitoring).
o Software and database development for the Identification of
pollution prevention opportunities in New Jersey using CIS and TRI
database (Monitoring).
o Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring
(Monitoring).
o Annual Report on Biotechnology Monitoring Research (Monitoring).
o Evaluate motor activity as a screen for neurotoxicity (Health).
o Report on the cytogenetic effects of phosphene exposure in humans
(Health),
o Report on selected improvements -n TRI (toxic-release inventory)
estimates for electroplating operations (Engineering).
o Report on emissions from vinyl asbestos tile buffing (Engineering).
o Report on alternative dustiness indicators for PMN estimates
(Engineering).
o Report on seed germination and seedling development of marsh grass
in contaminated sediment (Environmental Processes).
9-10
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o Report on effects of chemicals on immune systems in wild and
laboratory Avians (Environmental Processes).
o Review and application of various statistical approaches for
determining benthic community-level effects (Environmental
Processes).
o Report on effects of toxic chemicals on estuarine benthic
macroinvertebrate recolonization rates for a range of sediment types
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on prototype expert system to predict toxic mechanism from
chemical structure (Environmental Processes).
o Report on using site specific aquatic microcosm to study the fate of
GEMs (Environmental Processes),
o Report on recovery of site specific marine microcosms perturbed by
selected toxic chemicals in Boston Harbor, MA (Environmental
Processes).
o Report on a statistical approach to predicting chronic toxicity of
chemicals to fishes form acute toxicity test data (Environmental
Processes).
1991: o Report on infrared database for analysis of toxic organics
(Monitoring).
o Field portable immunoassay technology (benzene, toluene and xylene)
(Monitoring).
o LC/MS methodology for nonvolatile toxic organic compounds
(Monitoring),
o Human Exposure Assessment Location Project - Report on 1990
Activities (Monitoring).
o Report on blood/breath monitoring for total human exposure to toxic
pollutants (Monitoring).
o Progress report on modeling, pollutant sources and human activity
patterns associated with exposure to toxic pollutants (Monitoring).
o Detection of routine and accidental releases of toxic chemicals
(Monitoring).
o Guidelines for use of human exposure model in regulatory review and
report on production of reference materials for quality control
(Monitoring).
o Report on Privatization Program for QA Reference Materials
(Monitoring).
9-11
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Annual report on QA support for OTS measurement and monitoring
activities (Monitoring).
Users Guide: Chromosomal aberration data analysis and
interpretation systems (Monitoring),
Identification of pollution prevention opportunities in New Jersey
using CIS and the TRJ database (Monitoring).
Annual Report on Biotechnology Monitoring Research (Monitoring).
Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring
(Monitoring),
Develop SAR methods and data bases to allow accurate prediction of
the mutagenie and carcinogenic effects of chemicals based on
structural and physiochemical parameters (Health).
Development of methods to structurally identify and quantitate
specific environmental chemicals to DNA adducts (Health).
Develop biochemical procedures as measures of human exposure and
early indicators of disease processes (Health).
Evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on postnatal maturation
(Health).
Development of methods to determine host species and route of
exposure differences as they apply to pathogenicity (Health).
Report on emission estimates for welding, cutting, and grinding
operations (Engineering).
Report on emissions during removal of vinyl-asbestos tile polish
(Engineering).
Report on sampling methodology for bio-aerosols (Engineering).
Identification of research needs in TRI emission estimating
procedures (Engineering).
Report on the cleaning of asbestos-laden carpet (Engineering),
Evaluation of the Hedaka carcinogenesis model (Environmental
Processes).
Report on determining dose for small aquarium fish used in chronic
bioassays (Environmental Processes).
Report on comparative acute sensitivity of selected estuarine
crustaceans to toxic substances (Environmental Processes).
9-12
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o Report: Physical scale effects of laboratory microcosms in
assessment of benthlc macro-invertebrate community structure
(Environmental Processes),
o Report on effects of selected organophosphates on Avian thermo-
regulation and metabolism (Environmental Processes).
o Final report on the development of CONCORD, a structure-reactivity
estimation system (Environmental Processes).
o Report: Application of expert system (SPARC) for predicting pKa and
other chemical reactivity parameters for PMN chemicals
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on test methods for an enclosed microcosm for evaluating fate
and effects of GEMS in terrestrial systems (Environmental
Processes).
o Report on evaluation of selected biochemical and ecological methods
to assess effects of recombinant bacteria on terrestrial ecosystems
(Environmental Processes).
o General bed-water exchange model for risk assessment (Environmental
Processes).
o Microcomputer user guide for UTAB database (Environmental
Processes),
o Report on the biological database for supporting freshwater risk
assessment models (Environmental Processes),
1990: o Report on chemometric research (Monitoring).
o Evaluation of potential use for biological markers in human exposure
monitoring studies (Monitoring)
o Evaluation of pentachlorophenol immunoassay (Monitoring).
o Report of transactions of EPA/APCA/WHO Total Human Exposure
Monitoring Specialty Conference (Monitoring).
o Report on analytical methods for SARA chemicals (Monitoring).
o Report on half-life of aerosolized bacteria (Monitoring).
o Annual Report on Biotechnology Monitoring Research (Monitoring).
o Comparison of the efficacy of airborne microbial samplers - journal
article (Monitoring).
o Users Guide for standardized procedures for analysis and
interpretation of mutagenicity micronucleus data (Monitoring).
9-1.3
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SCOUT: A software tool for exploratory analysis of
multivariate data (Monitoring).
Report on benzene human exposure model development and testing
(Monitoring).
Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring
(Monitoring).
Development of QA materials and evaluation of performance of AHERA
TEM procedures (Monitoring).
Report on the survival, persistence and expression of genetically
engineered viruses in vitro and in vivo under laboratory conditions
(Health).
Report on the use of A/D ratio for extrapolation of developmental
toxicity data (Health).
Development of methodology for the use of biomarkers in
epidemiologic studies (Health).
Report on in-use effectiveness of negative air systems
(Engineering).
Report on the effectiveness of two cleaning methods to remove
asbestos from carpet (Engineering).
Report on asbestos removal via glove bags operated under a partial
vacuum (Engineering).
Report on the physical sampling efficiency of alternative samplers
for bio-aerosols (Engineering).
Preliminary assessment of selected estimation techniques for toxic*
release inventory reporting (Engineering).
Report on the evaluation of the vise of glove bags on reducing
airborne asbestos emissions (Engineering).
Report on microbial transformation rate constants of structurally
diverse man-made chemicals (Environmental Processes).
Report on guidelines for using different biodegradation test methods
to evaluate the biodegradability of chemicals in the environment
(Environmental Processes).
Report documenting application of expert systems for predicting
reactivity parameters for PMN chemicals (Environmental Processes).
Report on methods to compute reactivity parameters for electrophiles
(Environmental Processes).
9-14
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Review of progress in biotechnology risk assessment research program
for FY 1989 (Environmental Processes).
Users manual for updating stratified lake transport model for risk
assessment (Environmental Processes),
Population model and software incorporating lethal and non-lethal
effects on feeding behavior for chemicals that act by reversible
modes of action (Environmental Processes),
9-15
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Budge t Reques t
The Agency requests a total of 526,260,300 supported by 184.5 total workyears
for 1992, an Increase of $782,800 and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears from 199.1.
Of the request, $11,258,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and $15,002,000 for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$719,700 in the Research and Development appropriation and $62,900 in the Salaries
and Expenses Appropriation.
Program Objectives
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS) by providing the scientific tools and supporting information needed to
implement the Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) for new chemicals under the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)
and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
o Test methods research develops and validates health exposure and
environmental testing protocols to be incorporated into TSCA Section
4 guidelines, risk assessment methods, and analytical methods for
identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants,
o Health research efforts develop methods for extrapolating from high
to low doses between mammalian species to enhance risk assessment
predictability and capability. Research also focuses on developing
biomonitoring techniques and applying biological markers as
indicators of exposure and effects to the study of populations
exposed to toxicants.
o Investigations of human populations exposed to environmental
pollutants will help determine whether biological indicators of dose
and/or effects are related to environmental levels of exposure and if
they are correlated with adverse effects measured by traditional
methods.
o Ecological research -- including transport, fate, and field
validation -- focuses on developing and conducting exposure and
hazard assessments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia
environments.
o Engineering research focuses on the development of information to
predict the release of and worker exposure to new and existing
chemicals. The program addresses those classes of chemicals for
which the Agency does not have adequate information on the degree to
which unit operations and existing control systems limit their
release as a result of technically based research, allowing for more
effective Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) decisions to be made.
9-16
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Exposure monitoring research develops methods and evaluates data
bases and statistical tools to improve exposure monitoring.
Multimedia monitoring methods and data analysis techniques are
designed and tested to characterize human exposure to chemicals of
concern.
Research efforts develop predictive methods (Structure Activity
Relationships (SAR)) to provide a tool for determining whether new
chemicals pose unreasonable risk or require further testing. SAR
data are important for reviewing and screening PMN chemicals under
Section 5 of TSCA.
Biotechnology research in this area develops methods to assess the
potential health exposure, risk, and environmental hazards of
biotechnology production and products. Methods are also being
developed to monitor, contain and destroy genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) from releases and manufacturing processes.
Methodologies and models determine risks posed to ecosystems by
exposure to environmental pollutants. This program is currently
developing environmental risk assessment protocols for both aquatic
and terrestrial systems which will be used in evaluating risks from
both new and existing chemicals.
Research provides support for risk and exposure assessments, quality
assurance, dissemination of reference standards and quality assurance
reagents as well as expert consultation on problems associated with
the evaluation of PMN chemicals and other toxic substances.
Research evaluates and validates emission-estimation techniques and
monitoring methods to be used by industry and the Office of Toxic
Substances in support of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to -Know Act (EPCRA).
Research focuses on evaluating asbestos measurement procedures,
abatement, in-place operation and maintenance and control
technologies, and development of standardized sampling techniques for
asbestos in support of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(AHERA).
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1 99,2
The Agency requests a total of $228,200 supported by 2tO total workyears for
this program, of which §178,200 will be for Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $50,000 will be for the Research and Development. There is no change in the
Research and Development appropriation or total workyears.
Support will be provided for preparation, consultation and review on OTS
generated assessments of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/
developmental effects, and exposure. These activities will support decision-
making under TSCA (existing chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines and
9-17
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test rule development). To support implementation of EPCRA, profiles will be
prepared and installed into the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) to
provide public information on the health effects of chemicals released into the
environment.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $224,900 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $174,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $50,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
This research program is providing support for the review of risk and exposure
assessments and developing protocols for risk assessments.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $162,300 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $110,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $52,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1990, activities included: Review of the test rules on 7-8 chemicals;
scientific support for developing carpet research strategy and in developing
scientific bases for policy decisions regarding TSCA Section 21 petition;
participation in scientific and policy review of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) and
hydrocarbon chloroflurocarbon (HCFC) substitutes toxicity data; development and
review of generic end-point toxicity test rules for a number of toxic chemicals
(reproductive, developmental, and neurotoxicity testing); and assistance in
developing Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section
302, Workshop on Health Assessment or Acute Exposures; and identification and
recommendation of chemicals for toxicity testing for National Toxicology Program
through the OTS Testing Priorities Committee.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,343,200 supported by 24.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,740,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,603,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $169,900 in the Research and
Development appropriation, a decrease of $11,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and a 1.0 decrease in total workyears. The increase in the
Research and Development appropriation will be used to fund additional monitoring
methods research.
Research will focus on developing and evaluating instruments, analytical
methods and procedures to identify and quantify chemical compounds in
environmental media, and biological tissues and fluids. This research will
emphasize bioassays, immunochemistry, multi-residue analysis procedures and
developing chemometric approaches.
ORD will evaluate genetic, immunological and biochemical biomarkers for their
suitability as indicators of exposure. These biomarkers will provide more
flexible human exposure monitoring for chemical pollutants which cannot be studied
9-18
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by conventional analytical chemistry procedures. Laboratory studies will be
conducted to obtain data about the specificity and sensitivity of markers to
indicate exposure.
Human exposure to toxic substances via multiple pathways will be studied to
improve and expand Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM).
Microenvironmental studies will be used to determine human activity patterns.
Human exposure models will be developed and evaluated using TEAM data and human
activity pattern information from microenvironment models. Breath measurements
will be made to obtain human exposure data for models.
Standardized monitoring procedures and methods for sampling genetically
engineered microorganisms will be developed to measure routine releases of GEMs
into the environment. Factors important in GEMs dispersal and persistence will
be identified and described.
Monitoring and quality assurance (QA) guidelines for bioassays data
management procedures will be produced. Computerized approaches for risk
evaluation (CARE) will be tested by application of geographic information system
(GIS) technology to existing exposure data in a contaminated area.
Under EPCRA, validated sampling and analytical methods will be provided to
OPTS to support environmental and human exposure monitoring investigations of
chemical releases. Research will be conducted to use GIS technology to model
environmental pollution from multimedia emission sources.
Research will support the implementation of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA) by improving sampling and analysis protocols to monitor
exposure to airborne asbestos and durable fibers.
19-91 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,184,800 supported by 25.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,751,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,433,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1991 program includes research on exposure monitoring,
analytical methods and providing quality assurance and assessment activities
support for exposure assessment.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,301,900 supported by 26.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,635,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,666,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1990, biological monitoring methods and biomarkers were evaluated for their
possible use in human exposure monitoring studies. Quality assurance materials
for asbestos and organic chemicals were produced. Bioassay tests were
standardized. A preliminary model of human exposure to benzene was constructed.
9-19
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,617,700 supported by 62.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,347,500 will be for the Salaries arid Expenses
appropriation and $5,270,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $350,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation and $103,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
There is no change in the total workyears. The increase in the Research a id
Development appropriation will fund expanded neurotoxicology research.
Health research will focus on developing bioassay methods for predicting non-
cancer endpoints, with particular emphasis on neurotoxicity, inanunotoxicity and
developmental effects. These methodologies will be used to evaluate industry
submitted data on health effects of new chemicals to provide test guidelines which
ensure that the data is accurate, reproducible and consistent. Expanded research
will address the application and evaluation of a variety of |n v^tro preparations
and their utility in screening for neurotoxic effects.
Improved techniques for extrapolation from animal data to assess human health
risks will be developed. This research provides an important component to the
risk assessment process. Emphasis will be placed on target organ dosimetry,
icluding oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure, to determine if the
equivalent doses reaching the target site produce equivalent effects. Biological
markers of exposure will also be investigated.
Research will examine the application of biological markers to human
populations groups exposed to environmental contaminants which are suspect
toxicants. Chemical data bases will be constructed for particular areas of
toxicological response, including mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.
Methods for predicting enzymatic, mutagenic, carcinogenic -,d other
biological activities the from molecular structure of chemicals will be developed
using pattern recognition, statistical and thernodynamic techniques.
Potential dispersal capability of bioengineered organisms will be studied,
along with their potential health hazards. Health studies will compare the
effects of these organisms and naturally occurring strains on mammalian gut flora.
Research will also be initiated to determine the interaction on invertebrate
viruses with human and other vertebrate cells.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,164,100 supported by 62.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,243,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,920,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1991 research program Is developing test methods in support
of TSCA Section 4 test guidelines, conducting research on extrapolation,
biological markers, and structure activity relationships, and assessing potential
health effects from genetically engineered organisms.
9-20
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,649,600 supported by 61.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,524,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,125,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1990 research program included development of a proposed test guideline for
using visual evoked potentials and measures of neurotoxieity, critical report on
the use of adult/development (A/D) ratio for use predicting developmental toxicity
and a report on baculovirus survival and expression in mammalian cells.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,332,900 supported by 10.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $614,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,718,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. There is no change in the Research and Development appropriation
or total workyears. The Salaries and Expenses appropriation increases by $17,600.
Techniques for predicting toxic releases and exposures from processing and
manufacturing new chemicals will be developed. Research on priority dye-class
compounds, as determined by the Interagency Testing Committee, will focus on
improving their treatability in wastewater systems with respect to their toxicity.
An improved qualitative model will be developed for the state-of-the-art
biotechnology processing equipment. An effort will be initiated to investigate
operator/process-equipment interactions, and actual plant data on the source and
approximate magnitude of release and worker exposure will be acquired based on
actual field tests ,
Research will focus efforts on identifying important chemicals and industrial
centers in order to enhance the reliability of decisions based on Section 313
chemicals data.
Asbestos research will evaluate the effectiveness of updated abatement
treatment techniques and equate the cost-effectiveness of compatible procedures
removal. Emphasis will focus on operation and management (O&M) procedures to
include typical worker activities. When experimental design allows, actual worker
exposure, resulting from maintenance of in-place asbestos -containing materials
will be measured.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,315,300 supported by 10.6
total workyears for this program, of which $596,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,718,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The 1991 research program is developing Information on release, exposure and
control measures for new and existing chemicals in the workplace (including
genetically engineered organisms) , improving emission estimates for SARA Title
III, determining the fate of terpenes in wastewater- treatment systems, and
9-21
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determining the effect of reducing and oxidizing agents on textile waste-waters to
monitor azo-dyes and their degradation products,
1990 Accomplishne' .^4
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,706,900 supported by 10.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $652,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,054,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1990, reports were produced on the exposure possible during bag-changing
operations for High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter vacuum cleaners using
durin- asbestos abatements, on exposures possible from filtration and drying-unit
operations, on the efficiency of negative-air machines in use at asbestos-
abatement sites, and on the effectiveness of the Asbestos Hazardous Emergency
Response Act (AHERA) abatement process at twenty New Jersey schools.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1992 Program Request:
The Agency requests a total of $9,738,300 supported by 85.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,378,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,360,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $200,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation, a decrease of $50,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and no change in the total workyears. The increase in the Research
and Development appropriation reflects expanded ecological risk assessments
research.
Test methods for assessing the impact of existing potentially toxic chemicals
on freshwater and marine estuarine organisms and on habitat alterations will be
developed and evaluated. Tests on bioavailability, on comparisons of hazard
ranking and of single species effects (e.g., carcinogenicity) will be improved.
Predictive methodologies/models for conducting chemical exposure and effects
assessments in freshwater, estuarine/marine water, groundwater, air, terrestrial,
and total ecosystems will be developed. Mathematical models will be validated for
use as reliable simulators and predictors of the movement, transformation,
exposure concentrations and fate of toxic chemicals through ecosystems. Studies
will be conducted in microcosms/field scale mesocosms to address problems related
to comparative toxicology, system-level effects, hazard evaluations, and
terrestrial plant and wildlife toxicology.
Research will determine toxicity and perform risk estimates for PMN and EPCRA
chemicals submitted under TSCA Section 5. This includes Quantitative Structure
Activity Relationships (QSAR) on typical PMN chemicals, documentation of test
results on PMN analogs, and developing Structure Activity Relationships (SAR)
methodologies and other estimation techniques. Research will include data base
compilation, chemicals testing (modes of action, genotoxic potential) and
development of SAR type correlations.
Methods, analytical techniques and testing protocols for estimate :g survival,
fate and effects of microorganisms released to the environment, and tne stability
.9-22
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within their genetic pool will be developed. Methods will be developed for
detecting gene persistence and transfer. The • collected data and developed
protocols will be compiled for use by OPTS in their evaluations of PMNs for
biotechnology products.
Mathematical models, support data, and appropriate protocols to determine
exposure and hazard assessments for ecosystems will be provided. Predictive
models and methodology will be subjected to field testing. Ecosystem impacts and
recovery potential will be determined. Environmental process efforts will support
QTS on complex problems relating to environmental fate, exposure, effects, hazard
and environmental risk of toxic chemicals and bio-engineered organisms.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §9,588,400 supported by 85.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,428,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,160,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The 1991 research program is developing test methods in support
of TSCA Section 4 guidelines, conducting research on transport, fate and field
validation, and developing structure-activity relationships data. Work is also
being performed on the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as
well as research to determine the environmental effects of genetically engineered
organisms.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $10,404,300 supported by 83.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,605,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,798,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
1990 research produced ten major deliverables in support of Agency priorities
covering such subject areas as: model applications for predicting biotechnology
impacts and risks; biodegradation, microbial transformation, expert system
application, and provided software, user manuals and databases for use in
evaluating risk of toxic substances.
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TUB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 9-24
AsbestoB-in-Schools Loans and Grants ........ 9-25
Toxic Substances strategies 9-26
Chemical Testing , 9-28
Existing Chemical Review ...... 9-30
New Chemical Review 9-32
Asbestos-in-Buildings , 9-34
Regional Toxics Program 9-36
TS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-38
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Page Intentionally Blank
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTfO CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
!990 1991 ISTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-School -
Abatement Loans and
Grants
Abatement Control and $42,198.1 $46,300.0 $-46,300.0 -$46,300.0
Compliance
TOTAL $42,198.1 $46,300.0 $46,300.0 -$46,300.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $42,198.1 $46,300.0 $46,300.0 -$46,300.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances - TOTAL $42,198.1 $46,300.0 $46,300.0 -$46,300.0
Financial Assistance
9-24
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES -
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funding in 1992 under this subactivity. There is
a decrease of $46,300,000 for this subactivity from 1991, all of which is in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS LOAHS AND GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests no funding for this program in 1992. This represents
a decrease of $46,300,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency has decided not to request funding for this program since states and
local agencies now have the capability to manage asbestos abatement projects.
The financial responsibility for asbestos abatement now rests with states and
localities. Thirty-two states have enacted more than 60 asbestos-related laws
and nearly half of the states have financing provisions in the laws.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $46,300,000 for the Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) loan and grant program, all of which is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, to help local educational
agencies (LEAs) with serious financial need to abate asbestos hazards. The
Agency operates this program by soliciting applications from schools, ranking
applications by hazard and financial need, and making awards in consultation with
the states.
Congressional Directives, A total of $46,300,000 is for the Congressionally
directed activity of funding loans and grants to LEAs for asbestos abatement
projects in schools.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $42,198,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The ASHAA
loan and grant program awarded financial assistance to 129 LEAs to perform 206
asbestos abatement projects, primarily removals of asbestos-containing materials.
Since 1985, EPA has provided more than $245,000,000 for 2,400 individual school
abatement projects. These projects eliminate approximately 19,400,000 hours of
exposure to asbestos fibers to students, teachers and staff each week.
9-25
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances strategies
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IH THOUSANDS)
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Cofflpl 5 ance
$J,758.1 $3,499.8 $3,499.8 $3,905.2 $405.4
$2,455.7 $2,262.3 $2,262.3 $2,562.3 $300.0
TOTAL $6,213.8 $5,762.1 $5,762.1 $6,467.5 $705.4
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,746.2 $9,635.5 $9,635.5 $9,726.4 $90.9
$8,297.4 $12,370.7 $12,370,7 $11,165.7 -$1,205.0
TOTAL $17,043.6 $21,006.2 $22,006.2 $20,892,1 -$1,114.1
New Chemical Review
Salaries £ Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,646.5 $9,696.5 $9,696.5 $10,310.9 $614.4
$7,062,5 $7,611.2 $7,611.2 $6,711.2 -$900.0
TOTAL $15,709.0 $17,307.7 $17,307.7 $17,022.1 -$285.6
Asbestos In Buildings
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional TC/TCS Program
Salaries I Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$1,782.1
$10,040.1
$11,822.2
$298.7
$1 ,429.4
$11,434.6
$12,864.0
$627.6
$250.0
$1,429.4
$11,434.6
$12,864.0
$627.6
$250.0
$1,520.0
$5,839.6
$7,359.6
$690.3
$250.0
$90.6
-$5,595.0
•$5,504,4
$62.7
0.0
$298.7
$877.6
$877.6
$940.3
$62.7
TOTAL!
Salaries ft Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substance*
Strategies
$23,231.6 $24,888.8 $24,888.3 $26,152.8 $1,264.0
$27,855.7 $31,928.8 $33,928.8 $26,528.8 -$7,400.0
TOTAL $51,087.3 $58,817.6 $58,817.6 $52,681.6 -$6,136.0
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE «•
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos In Buildings
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos In Buildings
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
69.5
152.8
149.1
29.5
6.0
406.9
71.4
156. 8
152.2
29.6
6.4
416.4
60.8
167.6
168.0
25.0
13.1
434.5
60.8
167.6
168.0
25.0
15.1
436.5
60.8
167.6
168.0
25.0
13.1
434.5
60.8
167.6
168.0
25.0
15.1
436.5
63.8
159.1
168.0
25.0
15.1
431.0
63.8
159.1
168.0
25,0
15.1
431.0
3.0
-8.5
0,0
0.0
2.0
-3.5
3.0
-8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
-5.5
9-27
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES "
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of §52,681,600 supported by 431.0 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $6,136,000 and 5.5 total workyears from 1991.
Of the request, §26,152,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $26,528,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a increase of $1,264,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $7,400,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,467,500 supported by 63.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,905,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,562,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $405,'*OQ for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $300,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and an
increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs as well as the increase in workyears, The increases
in total workyears and in Abatement, Control and Compliance will support an
expanded international testing effort to improve identification of data needs,
evaluation by expert groups, and identify legislation and policy impediments.
In 1992, the Chemical Testing program's major implementation task will be
non-Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) multi-chemical rules and the
international high production volume/ screening information data set (HPV/SIDS)
testing program. Additional focus will continue on ITC and other non-ITC
initiatives. Major non-ITC actions being considered in 1992 include: one or two
rules for the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) section 110
rule covering data needs for many of the top 50 National Priority List (NPL) site
chemicals; a rule for health effects tests covering air toxic chemicals and many
of the SARA section 313 screening chemicals; and a proposed procedural rule to
improve the negotiated testing procedures.
Multi-chemical rules anticipated in 1992 include: an ecotoxicity and
chemical fate rule; an Integrated Risk Information System chemicals test rule and
a rule for subchronic toxicity testing. Responses to anticipated ITC
recommendations are expected to include 5 initial actions and 5 final actions.
In 1992, the Chemical Testing program anticipates no post-initial ITC actions.
The term post-initial action applies to notices of proposed rulemaking that have
been preceded by an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking. Glycidols and aryl
phosphates, the only remaining chemicals to which this term applies, will be
removed from this status when proposed rules are published for them in 1991. The
SIDS international testing program will continue to review data on 150 dossiers.
35 such dossiers are being prepared by U.S. companies. The remaining dossiers
are from the other Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
9-28
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countries. Data development will begin on the 29th and 30th ITC lists.
Additional resources of §300,000 and 3.0 total workyears will support the
international testing program so that the Chemical Testing program can include
expert evaluation of data needs, the upgrade cooperative international testing
efforts, and work towards the harmonization of international testing standards.
The Agency will also review and update published test guidelines, which are
an essential part of any test rule. Following evaluation of a candidate list,
two new test guidelines will be completed. Due to the implementation of multi-
chemical rules, there will be a substantial increase in test standard
modifications in 1992,
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,762,100 supported by 60.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,499,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,262,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the Chemical Testing program will publish initial testing
decisions on one chemical and one chemical group from the 25th ITC list and one
chemical and three chemical groups from the 26th ITC list. Work is also underway
on the 27th and 28th lists. Work is underway on publishing five final rules
requiring testing to begin.
The non~ITC portion of the Chemical Testing program includes completion of
a SIDS test rule, a proposed subchronic endpoint rule, a proposed ecological/
chemical fate endpoint rule, a final developmental/reproductive toxicity endpoint
rule, a final neurotoxieity endpoint rule, a final multi- chemical rule for the
Office of Drinking Water, a final n-methylpyrroline rule and one or two SARA
section 110 test rules. The SIDS screening rule is part of an overall effort to
seek international cooperation and coordination in generating chemical test data.
In 1991, the international testing program goes into full swing in coordinating
data review with the OECD. The procedural rules planned for 1991 include a final
rule revising the consent order process. EFA anticipates an increase in test
standard modifications during the 1990s because of the demand of test data on a
large volume of chemicals resulting from the publication of multi -chemical and
endpoint rules .
The Chemical Testing program also continues to perform annual reviews and
updates of published test guidelines. Following evaluation of a candidate list,
two new test guidelines will be completed.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,213,800 supported by 71.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,758,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,455,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, six ITC testing actions were completed. Initial decisions
included two chemicals on the 19th, 20th and 22nd ITC lists; another five testing
decisions were published including three final rules and two proposed rules.
Several rules originally planned for 1990 were not published because of the
9-29
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cumene law suit which required EPA to define substantial human exposure and
substantial environmental release before it could issue test rules using its
authority under section 4(a)(l)(B). Two procedural rules were published in 1990.
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,892,100 supported by 159.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,726,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,165,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $90,900 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $1,205,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
a decrease of 8.5 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and
Compliance is the result of a reprogramming of resources to support the Agency's
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know (EPCRA) program, offset in part
by new resources supporting the revitalization of the Existing Chemical Review
program. This reprogramming was possible due to new policies that have
streamlined the program and resulted in resource savings. The decrease in total
workyears reflects a reprogramming of 10.0 total workyears to the Agency's
pesticides program for high-priority activities, partially offset by a net
increase of 1.5 total workyears to support the Agency's lead abatement program.
The major objectives of the Existing Chemical Review program are to
identify those chemicals that pose the greatest potential risk to human health
and the environment, to determine the type and degree of such risk, and to
develop appropriate regulatory approaches to controlling such risks. Significant
reforms within the existing chemical review program have taken place in recent
years. These reforms were developed as a result of extensive study of the
Existing Chemical Review program and have resulted in a complete redesign of its
policies and procedures. The intent of these reforms is to improve program
productivity significantly so that greater risk reduction can be achieved with
available resources. At the heart of these reforms is a changed approach that
allows EPA to exploit more fully the authorities of TSCA, including four important
components. These are; 1) concentration on certain chemicals or classes of
chemicals that are particularly persistent in the environment; 2} development of
generic rules involving classes of chemicals, rather than chemical-by-chemical
rulemaking approaches; 3) cooperation with other countries to standardize test
methods, share risk assessment information, take international risk reduction
actions, and leverage scarce resources; and 4) assessment of chemicals for
possible regulatory or non-regulatory action earlier in the review process.
By 1992, these reforms will be largely in place. Consistent with the
intent of these reforms, as well as internal Agency strategic planning and policy
decisions, a major reprogramming will be made in the risk assessment and risk
management areas of the Existing Chemical Review program. This reprogramming,
plus a requested $500,000 of additional resources, will support a major program
revitalization and redirection of the Existing Chemical Review program. This
revitalization will focus on TSCA's potential as a major pollution prevention
tool, and will include addressing multiple chemicals in a staged or graduated
array of regulatory or non-regulatory risk management actions. Two multi-
chemical rules, which will also serve as the regulatory basis for managing a
9-30
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program of product stewardship and facility evaluation, are expected to be
proposed in 1991. This request supports the promulgation of one of these rules
in 1992.
The Agency will utilize $4,000,000 specifically to address lead exposure
in the environment. In keeping with the intent of the revitalized Existing
Chemical Review program, EPA will take a comprehensive, multi-media, multi-
industry approach to managing persistent toxic chemicals. The Use of lead in a
wide variety of products poses a large and accumulating health risk to both users
of the products and the general public, with particularly significant risks for
children. Current uses of lead must be evaluated to eliminate those that are not
essential, while contamination resulting from past use of lead must be abated.
The following current or former uses are likely sources of damaging exposure:
lead-based paint in dwelling interiors, lead in soil around the home, lead in
interior dust, and lead in drinking water. In addition, risks associated with
lead exposure are an increasing concern internationally. The U.S. has the co-
lead in the OECD for risk management activities on lead. This initiative will
enable EPA to offer assistance and leadership in international efforts on lead
risk reduction.
Also in 1992, $400,000 will be redirected within this program element to
study the health effects of nitrates in groundwater.
Other obligatory portions of the Existing Chemical Review program will be
maintained during 1992. The processing and screening of TSCA section 8(e)
submissions will continue, along with the screening of other new data, such as
that arising from TRI reporting. The Agency will fully support its
responsibilities under the EPA/Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on lead in paint and our consent decree
obligations for dioxin, including a final rule on dioxin in paper and data
analyses and risk assessment of dioxin contamination in other chemicals. The PCB
regulatory program will continue as will PCB and asbestos ban exemptions, PCB
disposal permitting, a maintenance level of funding for the human monitoring
adipose tissue survey, several pollution prevention initiatives begun in 1991,
and the continuation of a state cooperative agreement funding program also begun
in 1991.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,006,200 supported by 167.6
total workyears for this program, of which $9,635,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,370,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, major emphasis of the Existing Chemical Review program are
screening TRI data, identifying candidates for toxicity testing for sections 313
and 110 of SARA, and coordinating with other EPA offices, Federal and state
agencies and international organizations in information gathering, risk
assessment, and hazard/risk management efforts. Strategies for risk assessment
or risk management, including both regulatory and non-regulatory approaches as
appropriate, are being developed for selected chemicals or groups of chemicals.
The Existing Chemical Review program has major responsibilities for risk
management actions with respect to dioxin in paper and dioxin contamination of
9-31
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certain other chemicals. As the result of a consent order between EPA and
environmental organizations, EPA in 1991 is proposing TSCA standards for dioxin
levels in paper and is beginning to obtain and analyze data on dioxin
contamination in other chemicals.
The Existing Chemical Review program includes the execution of EPA's
responsibilities under the EPA/HUD Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on lead-
based paint. Also part of the Existing Chemical Review program is the human
monitoring adipose tissue survey, which continues through 1991 at a maintenance
level while awaiting the implementation of programmatic changes that will likely
be included in an evaluation conducted by the National Academy of Sciences; a
final report is due in early 1991.
In 1991 EPA is initiating a program of grants under TSCA section 28 to
provide initial start-up funding to assist the states in establishing
comprehensive PCB regulatory programs, including the regulation of PCB disposal,
so as to shift the focus of this maturing program away from the Federal
government. Also in 1991, the Agency is conducting several pollution prevention
initiatives. These include a life-cycle approach to reducing lead exposure and
the establishment of university-based pollution prevention training centers.
Congress ional Direetives. A total of $4,000,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project of lead-based paint studies and support, of which $1,500,000 is
earmarked for worker training.
1990 Accomplishments.
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $17,043,600 supported by 156,8
total workyears for this program, of which $8,746,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,297,400 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
During the year EPA introduced initial procedural and policy reforms in the
Existing Chemical Review program. The Agency established a regular program of
risk management (RM) review meetings to review the risks to human health and the
environment associated with selected chemicals, producing recommendations for a
graduated series of non-regulatory or regulatory actions. Among other major
accomplishments, EPA developed 15 RMl (first-level risk management reviews) cases
and began three RM investigations. Agency personnel conduced 150 initial reviews
of information received under TSCA section 8(e) and conducted 375 section 8(e)
follow-up or for-your-information (FYI) reviews. The Agency produced 156
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) and minor rules as a significant backlog of
work was eliminated. EPA staff issued PCB disposal permits, made referrals to
other Federal agencies and departments for regulatory review under TSCA section
9, and responded to TSCA section 21 petitions.
NSW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1992 Program JRequest
The Agency requests a total of $17,022,100 supported by 168,0 total
workyears for the New Chemical Review program, of which $10,310,900 will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,711,200 will be for the Abatement,
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Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $614,400
for Salaries and Expenses and a decrease of $900,'000 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance; there is no change in the total workyears. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs. The Abatement, Control and
Compliance decrease reflects the reprogramming of resources to support the
Agency's EFCRA program.
In 1992, we estimate receipt of approximately 3,000 new chemical notices.
This is the same number of notices estimated for 1991. About 15% of the
submissions are expected to result in voluntary or formal control actions. The
majority of notices will be subject to the user fee rule published in 1988,
generating approximately $3,500,000 in revenues for deposit into the General
Fund.
Full implementation of the New Chemical follow-up rule will enable the New
Chemical Review program to include more new chemicals under SNURs in 1992,
thereby reducing the time margin during which a SNUR can be preempted by the
introduction of a chemical into commerce.
Rulemaking activities in the new chemicals area will focus on proposed
amendments to the premanufacture notice (PMN) rules. These amendments will
ultimately reduce review costs in future years as limited exemptions from PMN
reporting requirements are promulgated (e.g., increasing the levels permitted
under the low-volume exemption, limiting reporting and review times for
intermediates and polymers, and making certain PMN information binding on
submitters).
Rulemaking activities in the biotechnology area will focus on publishing
a biotechnology notice of proposed rulemaking, and supporting activities needed
to meet a final rule target date of early 1993. Submissions for microbial
products are expected to expand to 20. It is anticipated that most of these
submissions will result in TSCA section 5(e) orders. As with any new program,
numerous questions of policy and review process modifications are anticipated.
Scientific staff will continue to develop assessment tools, data, and guidance
documents for the biotechnology program. These efforts will be coordinated with
other EPA and non-EPA groups.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,307,700 supported by 168.0
total workyears for this program, of which $9,696,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,611,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, the agency expects new chemical PMN submissions to total 3,000.
The majority of notices are subject to the user fee rule, generating
approximately $3,500,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund. We also
expect to receive 10 notices for microbial products. Review procedures for
microbial products are more resource intensive than regular submissions and are
expected to result in TSCA section 5(e) orders on most submissions to require
development of additional information.
An optical disk document storage system will become operational in 1991,
This state-of-the-art technology will provide timely access to documents received
9-33
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and generated fay the program through more efficient storage, automated tracking,
and retrieval. When fully implemented, the optical disk system will reduce costs
and significantly improve productivity over the microfiche system now in use.
In 1991, EPA will issue a broad set of rules to inform the public of how
EPA proposes to regulate biotechnology products. 1991 represents the Agency's
last opportunity to get a jump on developing a strong technical capacity in the
biotechnology area before the demands of its review program overwhelm its
capacity. Activities in 199.1 will focus on development of a needs assessment,
and formulation of a coordinated Agency strategy for model development.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $15,709,000 supported by 152.2
total workyears for this program, of which $8,646,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $7,062,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the New Chemical Review program received 2,750 PMNs for new
chemicals and conducted two biotechnology reviews. The majority of PMNs were
subject to the user fee rule, generating $3,071,712 in revenues for deposit into
the General Fund. Data submitted for review in response to TSCA section 5(e)
authorities exceeded budget projections by over 300% (35 budgeted, 110 received).
ASBESTOS IN BUILDINGS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,359,600 supported by 25.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,520,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,839,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $90,600 for Salaries and Expenses,
and a decrease of $5,595,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance; there is no
change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is the result
of increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects the reprogramming of resources to support the Agency's EFCRA program,
and the lack of need for implementation and administration funding for the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) loan and grant program and of
funding for the worker and contractor training and certification program. In
addition, many states have now established asbestos management and contractor
accreditation programs for schools and can be expected to continue to support
these programs.
In 1992, the Asbestos in Buildings program will support activities
necessary for Federal, state and local governments and the private sector to
develop and implement asbestos control and management programs. These activities
include continued regulatory and non-regulatory follow-up to the 1990 asbestos
in buildings dialogue, including actions with the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and states; joint programs with the General Services
Administration (GSA) for Federal buildings; oversight of asbestos research; and
case studies on asbestos management in industrial and other settings. The Agency
will continue close-out site evaluations of ASHAA loan and grant projects awarded
9-34
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from 1987 through 1990 and monitor projects awarded in 1991. Under a grant with
the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) , EPA will continue to provide
technical assistance to schools and public and commercial building owners.
The Agency will provide other technical assistance, guidance documents and
training materials to assist schools in complying with Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA) rules. EPA will continue to help states improve their
accreditation programs, which they are required to establish under AHERA, and
other state management programs affecting schools.
Funding of cooperative agreements to establish and expand state asbestos
accreditation and management programs will continue. This funding provides
start-up monies to help the states establish enhanced, comprehensive asbestos
abatement programs in public and commercial buildings, expanding beyond the focus
on asbestos abatement in schools.
The Joint research program sponsored by the EPA and the Health Effects
Institute (HEI), begun in 1989, will continue, with funding of $2,000,000. This
research focuses on indoor airborne asbestos levels, and includes funding from
a variety of private interests, such as current and former asbestos product
manufacturers, realtors, building owners and managers, mortgage bankers, labor
organizations and environmental groups.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,864,000 supported by 25.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,429,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,434,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1991, through a technical assistance grant with the AARP, EPA is
continuing to provide the Regions with qualified staff to assist public and
commercial building owners and enhance state and local program development.
Resources also support continued AHERA accreditation activities, including
technical assistance, updated model training courses, and appropriate AHERA
policy updates. The Agency is continuing to monitor the progress of ASHAA loan
and grant abatement projects (a total of about 2,400 individual abatement
projects were funded through 1990). EPA, jointly with HEI, is continuing a
research program to study indoor asbestos exposure levels. Funding for
cooperative agreements with the states to establish and expand asbestos
accreditation and management programs for public and commercial buildings is also
continuing.
Congressional Directives. A total of $2,800,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project of funding worker and contractor training and certification
programs. An additional $2,400,000 is available from the 1991 Asbestos Loan and
Grant appropriation ($46,300,000) for the implementation and administration of
the Federal ASHAA loan and grant program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $11,822,200 supported by 29.6
total workyears for this program, of which $1,782,100 was from the Salaries and
9-35
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Expenses appropriation and $10,040,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, EPA staff, in coordination with AARP staff, conducted close-
out inspections of ASHAA abatement projects funded in previous years, and advised
school officials with respect to AHERA requirements. Appropriate asbestos
abatement activities for public and commercial buildings were implemented under
the terms of the Agency's 1988 Report to Congress. In 1990, using funds
appropriated under ASHAA, the Agency initiated a $1,500,000 grant program under
the authority of TSCA section 28 to assist states in establishing AHERA-quality
accreditation programs for asbestos management and abatement professionals, and
provided $1,600,000 to fund worker training grants* EPA funded a $2,000,000
research effort with HEI to study indoor asbestos exposure levels. The Agency
also continued funding to the National Council of State Legislatures (NCSL) for
support to state accreditation programs.
REGIONAL TOXICS PROGRAM
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $940,300 supported by 15.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $690,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $62,700 for Salaries and Expenses,
with no change in Abatement, Control and Compliance or in total workyears.
Emphasis in 1992 will continue on enhancing the capabilities of the Regions
and states to address problems with PCBs, asbestos, and other toxic pollutants.
Administrative support will be given to new and expanding state implementation
as the states address multi-chemical priority areas identified by the Toxic
Release Inventory. Extramural funds will provide resources to the Regions to
conduct mass mailings, set up workshops, and develop informations, material to
support outreach and technical assistance activities of the Regions.
1991 ProEram
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $877,600 supported by 15.1
total workyears for this program, of which $627,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $250,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
Emphasis in 1991 continues on enhancing the capabilities of the Regions and
states to address problems with PCBs, asbestos, a other toxic pollutants. The
goal fT the asbestos in buildings program continues to be reducing exposure to
the puolic from asbestos in the nation's schools and developing a risk-based
program to address asbestos in public and commercial buildings. The major role
for the Regions is in assisting states, localities, and the private sector by
expanding state enhancement activities through grant assistance for state
planning, program integration and expansion of the worker accreditation program.
Extramural funds provide resources to the Regions to set up workshops and develop
informational material to support outreach and technical assistance activities.
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Major goals with respect to PCBs include encouraging state governments to
develop in-house expertise on PCB disposal, providing technical assistance to
industry for compliance with PCB regulations, supporting implementation of the
PCB notification and manifesting rule, and increasing state participation in
evaluation of site considerations in applications for PCB disposal permits.
Activities in support of these goals include the review and approval of PCB
disposal permits for stationary disposal facilities as well as applications for
PCB landfills and incinerators, and providing technical and risk assessment
support for state and local PCB issues.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $298,700 supported by 6.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Regional program focused on providing technical assistance to the states
in dealing with PCB problems and on enhancing state capabilities in developing
PCB regulatory programs. The focus of the asbestos program was on schools and
other commercial and public buildings, with particular emphasis on strengthening
state programs for accreditation of asbestos professionals. In addition,
implementation of the asbestos ban and phase-down rule required extensive
Regional efforts to explain to industry and the general public the requirements
of the rule and its impact.
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
OPTS - EPCRA
Salaries 2 Expenses $4,366.3 $4.308,0 $4,308.0 $4,605.8 $297.8
Abatement Control and $12,220.4 $12,089.7 $12,089.7 $14,839.7 $2,750.0
Compliance
TOTAL $16,586.7 $16,397.7 $16,397.7 $19,445.5 $3,047.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,366.3 $4,308.0 $4,308.0 $4,605.8 $297.8
Abatement Control and $12,220.4 $12,089.7 $12,089.7 $14,839.7 $2,750.0
Compliance
OPTS - EPCSA TOTAL $16,586.7 $16,397.7 $16,397.7 $19,445.5 $3,047.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS • EPCRA 75.3 72.8 72.8 74.8 2.0
TOTAL PERMANENT »XYEA«S 75.3 72.8 72.8 74.8 2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS - EPC8A 79.6 74.8 74.8 74.8 0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 79.6 74.8 74.8 74.8 0.0
9-38
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES -
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,445,500 supported by 74.8 total
workyears for 1992, an Increase of $3,047,800 and no change in total workyears
from 1991. Of this amount, $4,605,800 will be for the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $14,839,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $2,750,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
OPTS-EPCRA
1992 ProRram Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,445,500 supported by 74.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,605,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,839,700 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $297,800 in Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of $2,750,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
no change in total workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses and in
Abatement, Control and Compliance support implementation activities associated
with the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA/90), continued support of the Data
Quality Initiative, and the need to expand the TRI database to accommodate
additional data fields.
In 1992, the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program will continue to
emphasize data quality and expanding the use of the TRI data by state and local
governments, other EPA offices, and industry. Program resources will support in-
depth, multi-media audits of 75 of the largest emitters reporting on TRI. In
addition, the data quality initiative will add a multi-media health and
environmental assessment of these releases, and take into account reported
releases from other facilities in the same geographic area. State grants awarded
under authority of section 28 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) will
help address on-going data quality issues and also support state pollution
prevention efforts. A fourth National Report will be published and the program
will continue to refine and revise the TRI list of chemicals by rule, respond to
petitions, process trade secret claims, provide state and Regional assistance,
and maintain the Title III hotline. Public and industry outreach activities will
continue.
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 will have a significant impact on TRI
program activities in 1992. PPA/90 adds reporting requirements for each
owner/operator of a facility required to file under section 313 of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The additional information that must
be filed includes an annual reporting of toxic chemical source reduction and
recycling efforts. The expanded report must be filed for each chemical required
9-39
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to be reported under SARA section 313 , and EPA is required to make this
information available to the public in the same inanner as the TRI data.
Implementation of PPA/90 will require an expansion of the structure of the
TRI database and the expeditious issuance of new reporting rules, as well as an
intensive technical assistance effort to enable industry to comply with the new
requirements. Systems and hardware development, rulemaking, and the development
of training/technical assistance programs will begin in 1991. 1992 activities
will follow with the operation and maintenance of the restructured TRI database,
and modification of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) public access system
and other public access means, such as magnetic media tapes. In late 1992, EPA
will begin receiving and processing PPA/90 reporting forms for calendar year
1991.
In 1992, the Regional program will complement the Headquarters -based TRI
data quality initiative. Multi -media environmental audits of selected TRI
facilities in EPA Regions will be coupled with a data assessment to determine
potential environmental impacts of reported releases. The audits will have
elements of both data quality and compliance/enforcement, and will lead to
detailed risk identification. The Regional program will continue outreach
activities to encourage comprehensive, accurate, and timely reporting of
emissions by industry; provide TRI information to Regional media offices, states
and the public; encourage the use of the data by Regional programs and state
agencies; and work with Headquarters to make the data available to the public.
Regional staff will provide training and assistance to industry concerning the
new reporting requirements of PPA/90 in addition to training with respect to
access and use of TRI data. Agency enforcement staff and personnel from other
media will use TRI data to target facility inspections. Regional staff will also
work to decrease emissions by focusing public attention on the data, working with
state and local agencies to identify facilities of concern, and providing
pollution prevention information and technology transfer to the regulated
industries. EPA will continue to work with state agencies and tribal components
to facilitate cross -program, inter- and intr a -agency communication and
coordination on use and interpretation of, and programmatic response to, the
data.
199.1.
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $16,397,700, supported by 74.8
total workyears for this program, of which $4,308,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,089,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. <
In 1991, the TRI program is focusing on more efficient processing of forms,
additional assessment of data quality, and improved accessibility /usability of
the NLM database and TRI "other means" products. Included is $800,000 in state
grants authorized under section 28 of TSCA to help address data quality issues
not covered by the 1990 grants. A third National Report will be published and
assistance will be provided to the General Accounting Office (GAO) for their
report to Congress as required by the statute. Efforts will continue to refine
and revise the TRI list of chemicals by rule , respond to petitions , process trade
secret claims, provide state and Regional assistance, maintain the Title III
hotline, conduct public and industry outreach activities, and proceed with the
fee waiver program. EPA will complete its review of the 3-year sunset provision,
9-40
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and publish & notice either to remove the provision or amend the reporting form
and instruetions.
Initial implementation of the PPA/9Q requirements will begin in 1991 with
the restructuring of the TRI database to accommodate the additional information
that will be reported. Other activities will include redesign of the reporting
forms, rulemakings, and the development of training and technical assistance
programs to enable industry to comply with the new reporting requirements.
The Regional program will continue outreach activities to encourage
comprehensive, accurate, and timely reporting of emissions by industry; provide
TRI information to Regional media offices, states and the public; encourage the
use of the data by Regional programs and state agencies; provide training
concerning access and use of TRI data, and work with Headquarters to make the
data available to the public. Public outreach efforts will also include
providing interpretation/information to the public concerning chemical releases,
informing them on ways to access the data, and facilitate communication with
other Regional media offices. Regional staff will work to decrease emissions
through data analysis, working with state and local agencies to identify
facilities of concern, and providing pollution prevention information/technology
transfer to the regulated industries. Regional staff will also conduct industry
audits to identify opportunities for waste minimization and pollution prevention
activities and provide information to state programs on waste minimization and
pollution prevention.
Congressional Directives. A total of $1,250,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed project of implementing the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $16,586,700 supported by 79.6
total workyears for this program, of which $4,366,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,220,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the TRI program focused on maintaining its operational components
while seeking to improve data quality. Data quality efforts included a multi-
level approach to identifying and correcting errors in the data submitted and
providing 11 states with start up grants to initiate self-perpetuating state
level data quality assurance efforts relating to SARA section 313 submissions.
To ensure that access to the TRI database was not limited by economic need and
to encourage initial data access, the fee waiver program was initiated to provide
access to the NIK database to qualified applicants. The program continued to
process petitions for addition and deletion of SARA section 313 chemicals and
specifically added nine chemicals to the list. A second National Report was
published comparing first and second year data and assessing the reasons for
changes in release data.
In 1990, the Regional TRI program addressed six major areas: 1) promoting
full reporting by all facilities; 2) supporting the use of the TRI data within
the Regional office and in the states; 3) supporting the public's use of the
data; 4) continuing industry outreach activities; 5} promoting better quality
data; and 6} managing grants to states.
9-41
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement . 9-42
Toxic Substances Enforcement ..... 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants ... 9-45
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-46
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE «•
1990 1991 ESTIHATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $8,360.1 $9,173.1 $9,173.0 $10,007.6 $536.4
Abatement Control and $Z,543.4 $2,497.8 $2,497.8 $2,497.8 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10,903.5 $11,670.9 $11,670.8 $12,505.2 $834.4
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and $3,098.3 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 0.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,098.3 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 $5,100.0 0.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $8,360.1 $9,173.1 $9,173.0 $10,007.4 $834.4
Abatement Control and $5,641.7 $7,597.8 $7,597.8 $7,597.8 0.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $14,001.8 $16,770.9 $16,770.8 $17,605.2 $834.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 162.0 179.4 179.4 187.2 7.8
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 162.0 179.4 179.4 187.2 7.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 167.5 187.2 187.2 187.2 0.0
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 167.5 187.2 187.2 187.2 0.0
9-42
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,605,200 and 187,2 total workyears for
1992, an increase of $834,400. Of the request, $10,007,400 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $7,597,800 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $834,400 in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and no increase in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,505,200 supported by 187.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,007,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,497,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $834,400 for Salaries and Expenses,
no increase of the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no
increase in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
Headquarters manages the national toxic substances enforcement program
through guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs, including on-site
program evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative agreement with the
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance monitoring
inspections in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule, and exercises overall
authority in conducting the Agency's laboratory data integrity program. EPA will
continue to conduct full-scale audits of completed test studies submitted to the
Agency, and inspections of testing laboratories to verify compliance with good
laboratory practices. Both the Regions and Headquarters will also prepare and
issue notices of noncompliance and civil administrative complaints and will
provide technical assistance and support as necessary to the Office of Enforcement
(OE) in the prosecution of civil and criminal cases.
In 1992, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and provide
case development specifically targeted at polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal
sites and broker/transporter/storer facilities, while continuing to emphasize
asbestos inspections at local education agencies under the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA). New enforcement activities will be initiated in
conjunction with the new application of asbestos legislation to public buildings.
Regional staff will also participate in the laboratory data integrity program
by conducting good laboratory practices (GLP) inspections at laboratories that
perform toxic substances testing. The Regional offices will also conduct
compliance inspections in support of Section 5 new chemical regulations, Section
8 reporting rules, and Section 6 inspections in support of regulations on asbestos
and hexavalent chromium will also be conducted.
9-43
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The Office of Compliance and MonitorIng's (OCM) Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) decentralization initiative will continue to encourage states to develop
comprehensive and expanded TSCA legislative authorities that would allow states
to assume a wide range of TSCA enforcement responsibilities, Including case
development and multi-chemical control. Headquarters will continue its efforts
to provide guidance to the states regarding the development of state enforcement
infrastructures and legislation and associated tracking of compliance activities,
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,670,800 and 187.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,173,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,497,800 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are conducting inspection programs to determine compliance with
TSCA rules. The Regions are also providing assistance to firms that are either
seeking to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or that wish to take
remedial actions to achieve compliance. During settlement negotiations
Headquarters and Regions are advocating pollution prevention activities to
encourage broader participation by industry and the public through enforcement
outreach, and technical assistance activities designed to change production use
and recycling habits. The Regional offices are preparing and issuing notices of
noncompliance and civil administrative orders, and developing and prosecuting
cases when compliance is not achieved.
Additional TSCA decentralization efforts are being made in 1991 to encourage
additional States to institute the necessary legislative authorities to initiate
their own TSCA compliance enforcement programs. Thirty-five states currently
participate in the cooperative enforcement agreement program.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management,
Headquarters is managing the laboratory data integrity program and conducting
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency under TSCA testing rules.
Headquarters staff are managing the AARF cooperative agreement that supports
compliance monitoring inspections under the asbestos-in-schools program.
Headquarters is also participating in regulation development directed by the
Office of Toxic Substances, and preparing enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies for newly developed regulations.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $10,903,500 supported by 167.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,360,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,543,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 the program conducted compliance inspections, data processing, and
scientific review of data audits. The Regional offices conducted compliance
Inspections in support of existing TSCA rules, placing particular emphasis on
PCBs, asbestos-in-schools inspections under Section 6, and section 5 chemicals.
Upon detection of violations, including those originating from state-conducted
inspections, the Regional staff developed and prosecuted enforcement cases.
9-44
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,100,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1991. Currently, 35 states participate in this program, which
emphasizes compliance monitoring of chemical control rules, particularly for PCBs
and asbestos. The increase reflects the program's commitment to building state
capabilities.
States will continue to receive guidance and direction to develop
comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development and enforcement programs that
include more than PCBs and asbestos inspections in support of TSCA Section 6. The
multi-media initiative will continue to provide states with resources to develop
TSCA legislative authorities for enhancing administrative, criminal, and civil
enforcement within and across media. These resources will also enable improved
screening capabilities for data of cross-media violators. Inspector training in
cross-media issues will also be augmented.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,100,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
support state-conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring programs in 35
states. These state programs focus on Section 6 chemical control rules,
particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.
Grant funding is being used to expand state enhancement of more comprehensive
state TSCA enforcement capability as part of the decentralization program. State
regulators of toxic substances are also using grant funds to develop an
enforcement capability that encompasses all media as opposed to being chemical
specific.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,098,300 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Initially,
these funds supported state cooperative enforcement agreement programs in 30
states. During the course of the year 5 additional states signed cooperative
agreements.
In 1990, a program of decentralization was begun to encourage and assist
States in developing expanded and more comprehensive legislative authorities.
State regulations of toxic substances Were subsequently initiated as opposed to
specific chemicals so that TSCA enforcement and case development could be
thoroughly addressed.
9-45
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
OPTS - EPCRA •
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $571.4 $603.4 $603.3 $819.7 $216.4
Abatement Control and $2,550.9 $2,724.9 $2,724.9 $2,474.9 -$250.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,122.3 $3,328.3 $3,328.2 $3,294.6 -$33.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $571.4 $603.4 $603.3 $819.7 $216.4
Abatement Control and $2,550.9 $2,724.9 $2,724.9 $2,474.9 -$250.0
Compliance
OPTS - EPCRA TOTAL $3,122.3 $3,328.3 $3,328.2 $3,294.6 -$33.6
Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA - 12.7 11.3 11.3 14.4 3.1
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 12.7 11.3 11.3 14.4 3.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA - 12.9 11.4 11.4 14.4 3.0
Enforcement
TOTAL UORKYEARS 12.9 11.4 11.4 14.4 3.0
9-46
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES -
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,294,600 supported by 14.4 total workyears
for 1992, a decrease of $33,700 and an increase of 3.0 total workyears from 1991.
Of this amount, $819,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,474,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $216,300 in the Salaries and Expense appropriation and a decrease of
$250,000 in Abatement, Control, and Compliance.
OPTS EPCRA ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,294,600 supported by 14.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $819,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $2,474,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $216,300 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $250,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs and
supports increased data quality and late reporter enforcement. The decrease in
Abatement, Control and Compliance represents a lower level of funding for the
data base linkage project.
In 1992, Headquarters will continue to review and update enforcement
response policies, compliance monitoring strategies, procedural manuals and
guidance relating to the Emergency Planning and Community-Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA). Headquarters will also manage a grant with the American Association of
Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance inspections and provide paralegal
case development under EPCRA. Such contractor support enables the Agency to
reach a broader portion of the regulated community. Headquarters will continue
automated data processing (ADP) support for an "expert" computer system to target
compliance inspections. The computer system will cross-check production and
facility profile data to identify facilities that may be non-compliers under
EFCRA reporting requirements. Facilities with the highest potential for failure
to submit reports will be targeted for inspections. ADP support will also enable
Regions to monitor inspections and cases to manage the program most efficiently.
Also, Headquarters will complete the development and in-field application of an
automated risk reduction inspection targeting system.
In 1992, Regions will conduct compliance inspections of chemical facilities
that use, manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to verify that
such facilities observe the reporting requirements of EPCRA. The data submitted
informs the public and EPA of the presence of toxic chemicals at the
manufacturing facility and documents the release of toxic chemicals into the
environment. Headquarters and Regions will continue to utilize this data to
develop the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). The use of TRI data by Federal,
State, and local governments is an important pollution prevention and risk
9-47
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reduction tool. With this information local authorities will prepare more
effective emergency response plans, training, programs, and notification
procedures to protect health and the environment in their respective areas.
Headquarters and Regions will utilize TRI data to determine appropriate pollution
prevention measures to incorporate in case settlements.
As the fRI program matures in 1992, targets of enforcement actions will be
expanded to include false-reporters along with non-reporters. By expanding its
compliance coverage of the regulated community to include emphasizing the quality
and accuracy of data received, the Agency will enhance the usefulness of the TRI
system. Since many such facilities are also subject to the reporting
requirements of sections 5, 8 and 13 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA),
the Regions will integrate EPCRA inspections with TSCA recordkeeping and
reporting inspections where possible. The Regions will develop appropriate
enforcement actions in response to any violations of EPCRA detected during
inspections.
1991 Program
In 199.1, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,328,200 supported by 11.4
total workyears for this program, of which $603,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,724,900 of which is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters continues to provide case development support and guidance to
the Regional offices for EFCRA enforcement cases, and manage extramural project
funds. A computerized enforcement and penalty strategy for faulty reporting,
which is estimated to be 70% of submissions, is managed at Headquarters. Under
a new pilot program, settlement of cases for EPCRA section 313 violations may
include the remittance of a portion of the administrative civil penalty if a
facility agrees to reduce emissions from the facility. Headquarters will
identify appropriate guidelines for establishing and measuring documentable
emissions reductions in exchange for remitted penalties.
Regions are targeting enforcement efforts toward certain facilities which
nave violated other environmental statutes, are located in sensitive ecosystems
or near population centers. In response to Section 313 reporting requirements,
Regions are identifying and taking action against those industry facilities that
are required to report under Section 313, but fail to do so. Inspections to
identify non-reporters help to define the regulated universe enabling Regions to
become increasingly efficient in targeting inspections with each new section 313
reporting cycle,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,122,300 supported by 12.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $571,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,550,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990, Headquarters developed final enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies to accompany final rules developed by the Office
of Toxic Substances under EPCRA. Headquarters participated in regulation
development to assure the enforceability of new rules, and developed rules of
9-48
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practice, guidance documents, and inspection guidelines to implement specific
program activities. Finally, Headquarters provided oversight and assistance in
regional case development to ensure program-vide consistency among cases and to
make precedent-setting determinations in cases of first impression, thereby
assuring the integrity of the national compliance monitoring effort.
The Regions provided compliance assistance to the regulated community, the
states, and local authorities. Compliance assistance includes responding to
inquiries from individual facilities or the regulated industry as a whole on
enforcement requirements, providing training in compliance matters to industry,
state or local representatives, and reviewing and implementing enforcement
policies, strategies and inspection procedures. The Regions also conducted a
limited number of compliance inspections, some of which were integrated with
other inspections under TSCA sections 5, 8 and 13. The Regions also initiated
case development as violations were detected.
9-49
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10. Energy
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Tableof Contents
Page
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Energy Research 10-4
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology .... 10-9
-------
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ENERGY
ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries I Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL, Energy
$3,162.5 $1,835.9 $1,835.9 $1,886.3 $50.4
$30,162.6 $11,785.9 $11,785.9 $11,785.9 0.0
$33,325.1 $11,621.8 $13,621.8 $13,671.2 $50.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
48.5 30.4 30.4 30.4 0.0
49.0 30.4 30.4 30.4 0,0
$50,598.1 $13,437.8 $13,437.8 $12,246.9 -$1,190.9
Authorization for Energy is under the Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act which
expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
10-1
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ENERGY
AND STRATEGY
The Energy Program provides scientific information necessary to assess
environmental impacts from the Nation's energy sector (e.g. utilities, industry,
and automobiles) and evaluate potential controls to mitigate environmental
effects from energy use. Energy Program activities are focused on two
environmental issues related to energy use:
1. understanding effects of and assessing solutions to reduce acid
deposition and
2. assessing retrofit boiler technologies which can reduce acid
deposition air emissions.
Acid Deposition
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) was reauthorized
by Title IX of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) . NAPAP will review research
activities conducted under the original 1980 research plan and develop a revised
plan to address significant research gaps to address current and future research
priorities. The NAPAP Final Assessment Report, to be released in the Spring
of 1991, will provide policy makers with scientific data on the causes and
effects of acid deposition.
In 1992, research will continue long-term monitoring, modeling, and
technology demonstration on air emissions related to acid deposition to support
the new requirements from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Activities will be
focused in three major areas:
Research will estimate air emissions from man-Bade sources by improving
air emission inventories and applying models specific to major sources.
Research will continue to assess atmospheric processes through
applications of (a) the Regional Acid Deposition Monitoring (RADM) model
in different control scenarios and (b) an upgraded RADM to describe
deposition in urban areas and sensitive receptor regions.
Research will continue monitoring on dry atmospheric deposition of
chemical species of interest (e.g., S02, N02, 03, and particulate sulfate
and nitrate) .
LIMB Cont ro 1 Te chno lo gy
The Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) Research Program is
developing and evaluating air emission control technology that will remove sulfur
oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases of existing coal- fired
boilers. In 1992, research will provide support for the final testing of a
commercial -scale demonstration of a tangentially- fired LIMB technology in
Yorktown, Virginia. The LIMB demonstration program will be completed in 1992.
This project is jointly funded by the Federal government and the electrical power
generating industry.
10-2
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Consulting Services
Consulting services are use;, on an intermittent basis to supplement
technical expertise in the Acid Deposition Program.
10-3
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Research and
Development
TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
ENERGY ,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Energy Research 10-4
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology . 10-9
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENERGY
Energy Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Acid Deposition-Energy
Salaries & Expenses 42,025.2 $741.5 $741.5 $761.4 $19.9
Research I Development $27,778.9 $9,392.2 $9,392.2 $9,392.2 0.0
TOTAL 129,804.1 $10,133.7 $10,133.7 $10,153.6 $19.9
Environmental
Engineering ft
Technology • Energy
Salaries £ Expenses $1,137.3 $1,094.4 $1,094.4 $1,124.9 $30,5
Research & Development $2,383.7 $2,393.7 $2,393.7 $2,393,7 0.0
TOTAL $3,521.0 $3,488.1 $3,488.1 $3,518.6 $30.5
TOTALS
Salaries I Expenses $3,162.5 $1,835.9 $1,835.9 $1,886.3 $50.4
Research I Development $30,162.6 $11,785.9 $11,785.9 $11,785.9 0.0
Energy Research TOTAL $33,325.1 $13,621.8 $13,621.8 $13,672.2 $50.4
PERMANENT UOftCTEARS
Acid Deposition-Energy 29.7 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
Environmentst 18.8 18.4 18.4 18.4 0.0
Engineering I
Technology - Energy
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEMS 48.5 30.4 30.4 30.4 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Acid Oepcwition-Energy 29.7 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
Environmental 19.3 18.4 18.4 18.4 0.0
Engineering I
Technology - Energy
TOTAL WORKTEARS 49.0 30.4 30.4 30.4 0.0
10-4
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ENERGY
Energy Research
Principal Outputs
1992: o Establish a reference method for site-specific and large area
dry deposition trends analysis (Monitoring).
o Evaluate temporal and spatial trends from the National Dry
Deposition Network (Monitoring).
o Completion of the Phase I evaluation of the full RADM model
(Monitoring).
o Application of the streamlined version of RADM\EM to
deposition, and the visibility monitoring network sighting and
trend analysis (Monitoring).
o Complete the 10MW field evaluation of ADVACATE at the
Tennessee Valley Authroity's (TVA) Shawnee plant
(Engineering).
o Complete the field construction, and initiate and complete the
testing of a tangentially-fired LIMB system at Yorktown,
Virginia (Engineering).
199JL: o Complete a dry deposition data report based on the continued
operation of the National Dry Deposition Network (Monitoring).
o Evaluate temporal and spatial trends in Acid Deposition
(Monitoring).
o Application of the fully operational Eulerian Regional Acid
Deposition Modeling system (RADM/EM) for the analysis of
control scenarios (Monitoring).
o Evaluate the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) using
surface and aircraft monitoring data (Monitoring),
o Commence construction of the 10MW field evaluation of the
ADVACATE process at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Shawnee
plant (Engineering).
o Initiate the field construction phase of a 180MW tangentially-
fired LIMB demonstration at Yorktown, Virginia (Engineering).
10-5
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1990: o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions of the
Mid-Appalachian region (Mor ^ring) .
o Report on temporal and che .1 variability in lakes within
the Northeastern U.S. (Moni
Report on temporal and spatial trends in acid deposition
(Monitoring) .
Completed the fiaal design of the tangentially- fired LIMB
demonstration (Engineering) .
Completed the pilot-scale testing of the E-SOX process
utilizing recycled sorbent (Engineering) ,
10-6
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ENERGY
Energy Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,672,200 supported by 30.4 total
workyears for 1992, Of the request, $1,886,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,785,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. There is a $50,400 increase in Salaries and Expenses and the
Research and Development budget is stable. The increase in S&E is to fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in 1992.
Program Objectives
The goal of energy program is to provide EPA program and Regional offices;
Federal, State, and local governments; and industry with the scientific
information necessary to help guide the development and utilization of energy
resources in an environmentally acceptable manner. This scientific information
is obtained through the Acid Deposition research program, which has been
reauthorized under the new Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), and a control
technology program which is investigating retrofit boiler technologies such as
the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) process. Acid deposition
research is coordinated through the Interagency Task Force of the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) , which was responsible for preparing the
Final NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress in 1991. LIMB research is conducted
in conjunction with the Department of Energy, which is responsible for the
Federal Clean Coal Technology Program. This research will develop and evaluate
air emission control technologies that will remove sulfur oxides (SQ%) and
nitrogen oxides (NOX) from flue gases of existing pulverized coal-fired boilers.
ACID DEPOSITION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,153,600 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for acid deposition research, of which $761,400 will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,392,200 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. ORD's research on Acid Deposition includes: (1)
Improving methods for estimating area and point source emissions by the
development of better methods for estimating emissions (especially area source
emissions), development of improved data collection procedures, and the
development of improved data quality assurance policy procedures; and (2) the
maintenance of emission projection models specific to major source sectors (e.g. ,
utilities, and other industrial sources). This research results in an improved
emission inventory capability for State and Regional offices, a higher quality
and more cost effective method for collecting and estimating emissions data, and
an improved capability to perform model predictions for emissions policy
analysis. This research will improve the Agency's understanding of the amount
of acidic pollutants formed as a result of man's activities, addresses the
atmospheric processes involved in acid deposition, examines and predicts the
10-7
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transport, chemical transformation and deposition processes of acidic air masses,
quantifies wet and dry acid deposition levels to establish deposition trends, and
provides precise information for statistical analyses on source/receptor
relationships.
In FY 1992, QRD scientists will complete the joint U.S./Canadian evaluation
of RADM along with the Canadian ADOM model. ORD will use RADM in optimizing CM
implementation through forecasting the effects of emission trading, coal
moratoriums, and related inter-state issues; extrapolating site-specific
deposition monitoring data for baseline trends determination; supporting joint
U.S./Canadian research on transbo-.indery flows; and describing the inter-program
effects of instituting controls for VOC's, oxidants, and acid deposition.
Scientists will merge both the RADM and ROM modeling capabilities. This will
build a comprehensive modeling system to study urban and regional oxidant issues,
and enhance nitrogen chemistry components. Scientists will down-scale the RADM
model to desk top versions for use by Regional Offices, States, public utilities,
and other research organizations.
In FY 1992, ORD's existing NDDN research-based network will provide
continuity in baseline trends data. ORD scientists will complete resiting in
conjunction with the CAA detectability network design in FY 1991. ORD will add
no additional sites for sensitive target regions.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,133,700 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this research, of which $741,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,392,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD scientists will use these resources to support the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RADM) and RADM/Engineering Model (RADM/EM) to estimate
deposition to sensitive receptor areas (both U.S. and Canadian) for transboundery
flow, to estimate source-receptor contributions for various control strategies,
to site and interpolate data from a deposition monitoring network detecting
changes due to CAA controls, and to answer inter-program effects questions for
oxidants, VOCs, acid deposition, nitrogen loading, and air toxics programs. ORD
scientists will evaluate the RADM and the Canadian ADOM (Acid Deposition and
Oxidant Model) using data from the ACID-MODES field and aircraft studies, and
will evaluate and report aggregated cases for RADM to predict seasonal and annual
averages of deposition. Researchers will document the spatial and temporal
variability of non-linearities in the atmosphere. Scientists will respond to
follow-on issues raised by State-of-Science and Technical and Integrated
Assessment reports prepared for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) and document the computer code of the RADM series used for the
KAPAP Assessment.
ORD will operate the National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) of 51 dry
deposition monitoring sites to collect air quality, meteorological, and
vegetation data necessary for estimating dry deposition. Researchers will study
the Leaf Area Index (LAI) measurement and the Large Area Deposition (LAD)
extrapolation to help find uncertainties associated with extending site-specific
dry deposition parameters to area averages. ORD will improve nitrogen oxide and
sulfur oxide field instrumentation to correct any deficiencies. For wet
deposition, ORD will support 7-9 sites for quality assurance, for the data
repository for the 150-station National Trends Network (NTN), and other wet
10-8
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deposition monitoring networks. The wet deposition data determines temporal and
spatial trends. Scientists will design an integrated network with paybacks in
economy and high quality data from a NDDN, NTN, visibility, and an acid aerosol
network in combination with an effects network under EMAP.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $29,804,100 supported by 29.7
total workyears for this research program, of which $2,025,200 was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $27,778,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation. Scientists used these resources to complete the
research required in support of the 1990 NAPAP Integrated Assessment and
production of SOS/T reports for NAPAP. ORD completed a 1984 emissions data base
that improves current area source methodologies and application of the completed
AUSM model; evaluated the RADM/EM modeling system; completed a successful
meteorological seasonal aggregation scheme; operated the wet deposition
monitoring network and the dry deposition network; and completed the Episodic
Research program, the direct delayed response programs, and the atmospheric
exposure to forests. ORD completed research on the Watershed Manipulation
Program and published open literature results of aquatic work initiated in
previous years,
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,518,600 supported by 18.4 total workyears
for this research program, of which $1,124,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,393,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
ORD will conduct research in two areas: (1) a commercial scale
demonstration of the tangentially-fired Limestone Injection Multistage Burner
(LIMB) technology; and (2) in-house laboratory studies in support of the full-
scale LIMB demonstration. In FY 1992, ORD will complete the construction of the
commercial scale system at Yorktown, Virginia and will initiate and complete a
full test program. Scientists will evaluate the solubility of the wastes
produced by the LIMB process to determine any potential problems associated with
its disposal. The LIMB commercial demonstration program is being jointly funded
by the Federal government and industry.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,488,100 and 18.4 total
workyears for this research program, of which $1,094,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,393,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. ORD will initiate the construction of the tangentially-fired
boiler LIMB system at Yorktown, Virginia. This large scale demonstration is
important because approximately 40% of U.S. utility boilers which are
tangentially- fired will have to comply with the acid rain controls mandated in
the CAAA. ORD scientists will work on improving sorbents, characterizating
wastes, and waste disposal.
10-9
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,521,000 supported by 18.8 total
workyears for this research program, of which $1,137,300 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,383,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. In 1990, ORD completed the final detailed design of the
tangentially-fired LIMB system at Yorktown, Virginia. ORD completed the final
draft report on the wall-fired LIMB technology commercial scale demonstration at
Edgewater, Ohio.
10-10
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11. Management
and Support
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROIECTION AQEHCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT ' 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Marigement - Air and Radiation . . . 11—9
Program Ma gement - Water ..... . 11-9
Program Management - Enforcement . . 11—10
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances ..... 11-11
Program Management — General Counsel ..... .. 11-12
Program Management - Research and Development ......... 11-12
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response .... 11-13
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices , 11-15
Immediate Office of the Administrator ..... ....... 11-18
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-19
Office of Executive Support 11-19
Administrator's Representation Fund ...... 11-20
Office of Civil Rights ... ......... 11-21
Science Advisory Board . . . . 11-22
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-23
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-23
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-24
Office of Communications and Public Affairs .......... 11-25
Office of Inspector General .............. 11-27
Office of Inspector General ............ 11-28
Office of General Counsel 11-31
Office of General Counsel 11-32
Office of International Activities ....'«» 11—34
Office of International Activities . 11-35
Office of Federal Activities . . ........ 11-37
Office of Federal Activities ....... ......... 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation .... 11-41
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation ..... 11-44
Integrated Environmental Management Program . . 11-45
Office of Policy Analysis 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation ........ 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-51
Pollution Prevention Progrce (Grants) 11-53
Office of Administration and Resources Management ... 11-55
Program Management-Administration ............... 11-58
Financial Management - Headquarters .... 11-59
Office of the Comptroller ......... . 11-60
Contracts and Grants Management — Headquarters ... 11-61
Organization and Health ser- ices , 11-62
Facilities and Management Services ......... 11-63
Information Systems and Services 11-64
Human Resources Management 11-65
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management ..... 11-67
Resource Management - Regions ..... ..... 11-69
Financial Management - Regie "is 11-69
Human Resources Management - Regions ... 11-70
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-71
Administrative Management - Regions > 11-72
Regional Management ......... 11-72
Regional Counsel - 11-73
Planning/ Evaluation and Analysis - Regions ... 11-74
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-76
Professional Training . 11-78
Nationwide Support Services 11-79
Headquarters Support Services ......... 11-79
Regional Support Services ......... 11-80
Automated Data Processing Support Costs ... .... 11-81
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-82
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-8.2
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances ......... 11-83
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries £ Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Management and
Support
$387,808.2 $436,741.8 $436,624.5 $486,813.4 $50,188.9
$27,105.2 $35,737.9 $35,737.9 $36,537.9 $800.0
$20,010.4 $23,318.8 $23,318.8 $25,623.0 $2,304.2
$434,923.8 $495,798.5 $495,681.2 $548,974.3 $53,293,1
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$1,671.7 $3,114.1 $3,114.1
-$3,114.1
PERMANENT UQRKYEARS
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,807.9 3,265.2 3,265.2 3,415.8 150.6
2,995.2 3,317.4 3,317.4 3,415.8 98.4
$395,820.2 $460,600.8 $460,491.6 $529,264.4 $68,772.8
Authorization Is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
11-1
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MANAGEMENT AMD SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight for
all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services that
are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to provide
quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible
regulatory and policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and
understanding of the Agency's goals, manage for environmental results, and pursue
a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Program ^Management includes policy development, program development and
oversight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's
environmental program offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation,
Water, Enforcement, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, General Counsel, Research
and Development, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Agency Management includes Agency-wide management functions and policy
activities.
Policy direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists
of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs,
Regional Operations and State/Local Relations, Executive Support, Administrator's
Representation Fund, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board, Administrative Law
Judges, Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Cooperative Environmental
Management, Congressional and Legislative Affairs, and Communications and Public
Affairs.
International Activities coordinates the international efforts of EPA
through the following components: the International Cooperation Division, the
International Issues Division, and the Program Operations Division.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
Program Management, the Offices of Policy Analysis, the Office of Regulatory
Management and Evaluation, the Office of pollution Prevention, and the Pollution
Prevention Program (State grants).
Legal services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are
provided to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a
Regional Counsel in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC)
provides legal services and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers,
OGG, in cooperation with the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all
legal matters in which the Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews
proposed actions, decisions, and regulations to assure that they are legally
defensible.
Inspector General activities include audits and investigations of Agency
11-2
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activities to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and
detect fraud, waste, and abuse in EPA programs and operations.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations
located in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, The
office has several components: Program Management, Financial Management,
Comptroller, Organization and Health Services, Contracts and Grants, Facilities
and Management Services, Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources
Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed In each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional
staff for public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and
civil rights. Other activities include budget development and execution,
preparation of Regional operating plans, legal services, program evaluation,
financial and personnel management, information management, administration of
Freedom of Information Requests, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. These costs represent;
o Office and building services, such as library services, commercial
telephone use, printing and copying, utilities, security, Automated Data
Processing (ADP) technical support, and custodial and maintenance services for
programs located at Headquarters, Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
o Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data
processingi U. 5. Postal Services charges, Federal Telecommunications System
(FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation, and health and safety
costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
o Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Office of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesticides and
Toxic Substances; and
o Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance, library
services, and mini-computer operations.
Program Priorities l
Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1992 will include: developing a
strong working relationship with educational institutions at all levels to
coordinate a math and science-oriented environmental career program in
conjunction with an interagency initiative under the Federal Coordinating Council
on Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSEX); emphasis on enforcement and
compliance efforts for both environmental and civil rights regulations; stronger
support from Headquarters and Regions to small, minority, and women's
environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific credibility to regulatory
decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the Science Advisory Board;
more effective communication between Headquarters and the Regions; continued
clear interpretation of EPA's programs and priorities; increased Agency
11-3
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effectiveness by improving Congressional liaison; effective liaison with state
and local governments; and stronger outreach programs with the private and public
sectors and involve citizen participation.
The Office of General Counsel will provide legal advice and counsel the
Agency's top management and aedia program offices concerning legal interpretation
of EPA-administered statutes, other applicable laws, and oh such matters as
personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General Counsel
will represent the Agency in all major regulatory actions, and ensure that legal
errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in the most persuasive
manner.
The Office of International Activities will play a pivotal role in advising
the Administrator on international environmental issues and opportunities and
will exercise lead responsibility within EPA for devising strategies to advance
the United States' environmental position overseas. The Office will evaluate,
manage, and direct bilateral activities with the nations of Eastern Europe, the
developing world, the Western Hemisphere, and the industrial world and will
actively participate with multilateral organizations in developing and
implementing cooperative solutions to a host of environmental issues affecting
the planet, including global climate change, biodiversity and forestry,
international development and lending policies, and technology transfer to
developing countries.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will lead EPA's multi-media
pollution prevention efforts by encouraging and implementing prevention in
virtually all aspects of Agency operations, by supporting state programs, and by
providing incentives for industry, consumers and governments to reduce or
eliminate residuals before they become pollutants. The Office will strengthen
the Agency's economic and analytic capability, focusing on macroeconomic analyses
(such as the economic effects of environmental policies), on the economic
benefits of environmental protection, on economic analysis of new Clean Air Act
regulations and other rules, and on economic and scientific analyses relating to
global climate change policies. The Office will have lead responsibility for
important aspects of the global climate change program, working closely with the
Office of Research and Development, Air and Radiation, and International
Activities as well as with other agencies and international organizations. The
Environmental Statistics project will compile, analyze and present statistics on
environmental status and trends. Four-year risk-based strategic plans, updated
by Regions and Headquarters offices, will be evaluated and progress will be
tracked.
The Office of Inspector General (OIG) will emphasize internal and management
audits to improve the economy and efficiency of EPA programs and provide audit
coverage to EPA programs and operations which have received little or no audit
coverage in the past. The OIG will expedite audits coverage for the close-out
of wastewater treatment construction grants, expand audit coverage of EPA
contracts and other grants, and begin required audit work in support of the Chief
Financial Officers' Act. The Office will continue its investigation of the
Contract Lab Program, construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new
initiatives to ferret out fraud in EPA-funded contracts. The, OIG will further
its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing its activities, helping EPA
employees identify areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection
tools and methods.
11-4
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The Office of Administration and Resources Management will assure a strong
system of financial internal controls, Including work toward integration and
enhancement of all agency financial management and accounting systems; continue
developing a program for bet:_er ir,formation management planning, particularly
between EPA and the states; continue improvement in contracts and grants
administration; continue to provide a strong health and safety program; pursue
a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce; improve working conditions at the Headquarters
facilities; and provide essential administrative and support services to enhance
the Agency's ability to fulfill its various mandates.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment
to strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional
planning and management efforts. Development of State/EPA Data Management
program to improve efficiency and reliability of methods for sharing
environmental data will receive priority attention.
In Support, the program will provide general support services to Agency
programs as well as cover cost escalations such as rent, telephone, and utility
rate increases.
Consulting Services
Management consulting services provide advisory and consulting services in
such areas as: management assistance for the design of financial systems,
regional management assistance in support of the State/EPA Data Management
program and management support of the Agency's Public-Private Partnership
initiative. Consulting services also provide scientific data through the
following types of analyses; engineering analysis, economic and financial
analysis, statistical and technical analyses, technology assessments and
environmental/energy implications of global atmospheric changes.
11-5
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Program
Management
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management . ,
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
Program Management
» . 11-6
Air and Radiation . 11-9
Water » 11-9
Enforcement , 11-10
Pesticides and Toxic Substances ..... 11-11
General Counsel 11-12
Research and Development ......... 11-12
Solid Haste and Emergency Response .... 11-13
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Research & Development
salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management •
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxfc
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
salaries & Expenses
Program Management
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$7,646.9 $5,067.8 $5,067.8 $5,187.0
$7,646.9 $5,067.8 $5,067.8 $5,187.0
$627.0
$627.0
$754.1
$754.1
$754.1
$754.1
$479.2
$479.2
$543.4
$543.4
$543.4
$543.4
$824.5
$824.5
$2,446.2 $2,146.4 $2,146.4 $2,115.0
$2,446.2 $2,146.4 $2,146.4 $2,115.0
$599.4
$599.4
$3,442.3 $3,019.1 $3,019.1 $3,000.7
$3,442.3 $3,019.1 $3,019.1 $3,000.7
$3,770.0 $3,017.0 $3,017.0 $3,279.7
$3,770.0 $3,017.0 $3,017.0 $3,279.7
$2,765.1 $2,994.7 $2,994.7 $3,184.4
$2,765.1 $2,994.7 $2,994.7 $3,184.4
$21,176.7 $17,542.5 $17,542.5 $18,190.7
TOTAL $21,176.7 $17,542.5 $17,542.5 $18,190.7
$119.2
$119.2
$70.4
$70.4
-$31.4
-$31.4
456.0
$56.0
-$18.4
-$18.4
$262.7
$262.7
$189.7
$189.7
$648.2
$648.2
11-6
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TOTAL WORKYEARS
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1990 1991 ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Enforcement
68.9 71.8 71.8 71.8
9.0 11.0 11.0 11.0
0.0
0.0
Program Management
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Program Management
General Counsel
32.3
28.0 28.0
28.0
9.4 10.5 10.5 10.5
0.0
0.0
Program Management
Air And Radiation
Program Management
Water
42.4 44.6 44.6 44.6
52.1 45.9 45.9 45.9
0.0
0.0
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
37.1 42.8 42.8 42.8
0.0
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
251.2 254.6 254.6 254.6
0.0
Program Management -
Research £ Development
Program Management -
Enforcement
72.1 71.8 71.8 71.8 0.0
9.8 11.0 11.0 11.0 0.0
Program Management
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Program Management
General Counsel
33.8 28.0 28.0 28.0
9.8 10.5 10.5 10.5
0.0
0.0
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
43.8 44.6 44.6 44.6
0.0
11-7
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE
1991 1992 VS 199
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Pistieides and Toxic
Substances
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
56.1
40.9
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
45.9 45.9 45.9
42.8
42.8
42.8
266.3 254.6 254.6 254.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
11-8
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
The Agency requests a total of $18,190,700 and 254.6 total workyears for
1992, an increase of $648,200 and no workyears over 1991.
AIR AND RADIATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000,700 supported by 44,6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $18,400 from 1991. Air and
radiation program management will focus on implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act, and on development of major policies and decisions related
to these acts,
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,019,100 supported by 44.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program provides management support for implementation of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Atomic
Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Key activities include: executive
management, strategic planning, program planning and analysis, resource
management, and budget formulation. The program also provides administrative
support to Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) components.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated $3,442,300 for this program supported by 43.8
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided executive management, program planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
WATER
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,279,700 supported by 45.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $262,700 from 1991 and no change
in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
The 1992 request supports the development of national policy and
11-9
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implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program plans
and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of legislative
initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program policies; tracking
of budget execution; and administrative management.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,017,000 supported by 45,9
total workyears , all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This program is supporting the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program plans
and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of legislative
initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program policies; tracking
of budget execution; and administrative management.
1990 Aecompl 1 shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,770,000 supported by 56,1 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program continued to focus in 1990 on the implementation of the Clean Water Act
and Safe Drinking Water Act. Activities such as long-range planning and policy
analysis, budget development and execution and administrative management were
accomplished,
ENFORCEMENT
1,992 Bcogran Request
The Agency requests a total of $824,500 supported by 11,0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $70,400 and no change in workyears
from 1991.
In 1992, this program will continue support in the areas of overall
management, program planning, administrative and personnel operations, budgeting
and financial management, and office automation support for the Office of
Enforcement (01) including all components (Office of Civil Enforcement, Office
of Criminal Enforcement, Office of Federal Activities (OFA), Office of Federal
Facilities Enforcement (OFFE) , and the National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC)). In addition, the program will also continue to support the offices of
Regional Counsel (ORC) in a range of administrative services.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $754,100 supported by 11.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
11-10
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In 1991, resources will provide overall management support to all
components of the Office of Enforcement. Support includes program direction and
planning, personnel management, budget development and analysis, financial
management, information management, and communications. Emphasis will be placed
on the improvement of administrative management functions, information management
systems, and increased use of cost-effective automation support. Budget
formulation and execution oversight are provided to NEIC and the Criminal
Investigation Program. Workload analyses and distribution of resources for
Regional legal enforcement are provided for the offices of Regional Counsel.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $627,000 supported by 9.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided program direction, planning and management including
basic managerial support in areas of personnel, budget, financial management,
information management, and office automation to all of the components in the
Office of Enforcement. Changes in organizational structure added new office
components including the OFA, QFFE, and ORC. Administrative and budget execution
responsibilities were expanded to provide support for these additional office
components. Oversight of budgetary functions was maintained for NEIC and the
Criminal Investigation Program. In addition, budget formulation support was
provided for Headquarters civil and criminal enforcement, OFA, OFFE, and Regional
legal enforcement.
S, MD TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,184,400 supported by 42.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $189,700 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is the result of
increased costs for personnel and benefits.
This program will support senior level management of the Pesticides and
Toxic Substances program and the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and Toxic Substances, as well as funding the activities of the
Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee. Key activities include: efficient and
effective general management, strategic planning, and administrative and budget
support.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,994,700 supported by 42.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides
and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the Assistant
Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances with support, as well as
partially funding, along with the Office of Research and Development, the
activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.
11-11
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1990
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $2,765,100 supported by 40.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provided support for the senior level management
of the Pesticides and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances and, along with the
Office of Research and Development, funded the activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1992 _p-rngfram Request
The Agency requests a total of $599,400 supported by 10.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $56,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
The request will support planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1991..Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $543,400 supported by 10,5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program provides for planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel<
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $479,200 supported by 9.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,187,000 supported by 71.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
This represents an increase from 1991 of $119,200 to fund the Federal workforce
needed to implement the President's program in 1992. Additional resources will
11-12
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be used for travel to monitor extramural research programs and contracts. These
resources will alleviate the inability of QRD laboratories to conduct on-site
inspections.
This research program will provide policy guidance, direction, and support
to ORB's programs to ensure the effective coordination of diverse research
programs and administrative management services. These activities include:
coordination of research program planning and budgeting; monitoring of operating
year budget execution; coordination of research activities and administrative
support services required at the co-located laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio and
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; liaison to EPA Regions, OMB, Congress,
and other Federal agencies; operation and enhancement of ORD's information
systems to support research program planning and management accountability, and
performance of other program management activities (e.g., facilities planning and
management, and management and evaluation studies required for ORD).
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,067,800 supported by 71.8
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
Program Management will continue to coordinate and integrate the entire research
and development effort of the Agency, ensuring that the needs identified by
Regional and Program offices will be met. Resources were reduced in 1991 due to
the expense base shift from S&E to R&D,
1990 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $7,646,900 supported by 72.1 total workyears for this
research program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
These resources are provided for the overall direction, policy guidance,
management analyses, liaison activities, program planning and budgeting, ORD's
information systems, and general administrative support.
SOLIP WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of §2,115,000 supported by 28.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $31,400 from 1991.
This request will allow the Agency to continue to maintain an effective
administrative and programmatic management team within the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER). These resources will provide for the full array
of policy, regulatory development, and analysis activities; public liaison
functions; resource management; information management; and other essential
support activities for OSWER programs.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,146,400 supported by 28.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER
11-13
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management team to the Regions, the program offices, and the Agency, OSWER
program management activities include the review of policy recommendations and
proposed regulations; integration of both program and funds controlj information
management; property management; and administrative support.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,446,200 supported by 33.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. OSWER
program management integrated hazardous waste and Superfund activities; managed
the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; maintained
effective management controls; and provided personnel, financial, administrative,
and information management support to the program offices.
11-14
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Office of the
Administrator
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices .......... 11-15
Immediate office of the Administrator 11-18
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-19
Office of Executive Support ......... 11-19
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-20
Office of Civil Rights ..... . 11-21
Science Advisory Board .. ...... 11-22
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-23
Office of Small and Disadvantages Business Utilization .... 11-23
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs ........ 11-24
Office of Communications and Public Affaire , 11-25
Office of Inspector General ...... 11-27
Office of Inspector General 11—28
Office of General Counsel . 11-31
Office of General Counsel ................... 11-32
Office of International Activities ..... . . 11-34
Office of International Activities 11-35
Office of Federal Activities * 11-37
Office of Federal Activities 11-38
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-41
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-44
Integrated Environmental Management Program . . ... 11-45
Office of Policy Analysis 11-45
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-49
Office of Pollution Prevention , 11-51
Pollution Prevention Program (Grants) 11-53
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-55
Program Management-Administration ......... 11-58
Financial Management - Headquarters ..... .. 11-59
Office of the Comptroller 11-60
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters ........ 11-61
Organization and Health Services ............... 11-62
Facilities and Management Services 11-63
Information Systems and Services . , 11-64
Human Resources Management • 11-65
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Admfnistrator/Exeeuttve
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Small &
Disadvanteged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control end
Compliance
$658.3 $636.5 $636.5 $723.1 $86.6
$100.0
TOTAL $758,3 $636.5 $636.5 $723,1 $86.6
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
$2,493.0 $2,613.1 $2,613.1 $2,941.1 $328.0
TOTAL $2,493.0 $2,613.1 $2,613,1 $2,941.1 $328,0
Office of
Communications and
Public Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
, Compliance
$3,681.1 $4,879.8 $4,879.8 $5,859.8 $980.0
$7,000.0 $7,000.0
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL $3,681.1 $4,879.8 $4,879.8 $12,859.8 $7,980,0
$1,421.6 $1,688.0 $1,688.0 $2,102.7 $414.7
TOTAL $1,421.6 $1,688.0 $1,688.0 $2,102.7 $414.7
$1,313.2 $1,335.8 $1,335.8 $1,521.1 $181.3
TOTAL $1,313.2 $1,335.8 $1,335.8 $1,521.1 $185.3
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,233,7 $2,696.9 $2,696.9 $3,256.8 $559.9
$350.0 !
TOTAL $3,583.7 $2,696.9 $2,696.9 $3,256.8 $559.9
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$2.6
$2.6
$5.0
$5.0
$5.0
$5.0
$6.0
$6,0
$1.0
$1.0
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
$1,657.7 $1,633.8 $1,633.8 $1,836.7 $202.9
$1,657.7 $1,633.8 $1,633.8 $1,836.7 $202.9
11-15
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Science Advisory Board
Salaries £ Expenses $1,677.5 $1,701.8 $1,701.8 $1,878.3 $176.5
TOTAL $1,677.5 $1,701.8 $1,701.8 $1,878.3 $176.1
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries 6 Expenses $1,001.1 $1,294.5 $1,294.5 $1,520.0 $225.5
TOTAL $1,001.1 $1,294.5 $1,294.5 $1,520.0 $225.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $17,139.8 $18,485.2 $18,485.2 $21,645.6 $3,160.4
Abatement Control and $450.0 $7,000.0 $7,000.0
Cexrpliance
Agency Management TOTAL $17,589.8 $18,485.2 $18,485.2 $28,645.6 $10,160.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of Small & 8.1 6.9 6.9 6.9 0.0
Disadvantages! Business
utilization
Office Of Congressional 40.4 48.8 48.8 48.8 0.0
and Legislative Affairs
Office of 48.3 63.5 63.5 68.5 5.0
Conmunicat ions and
Public Affairs
Off ice Of Executive 25.5 30.4 30.4 31.4 1.0
Support
Office of Regional 16.5 20.6 20.6 20.6 0.0
Operations and state
Local Relations
lirroediate Office Of The 35.9 45.0 45.0 45.0 0.0
Administrator
Office of Civil Rights 21.4 24.8 24.8 24.8 0.0
Science Advisory Board 14.6 25.4 25.4 25.4 0.0
Office of 15.5 18.7 18.7 19.7 1.0
Administrative Law
Judges
TOTAL PERMANENT WQRKYEARS 226.2 284.1 284.1 291.1 7.0
11-16
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ACTUAL
1990
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Execu. ye
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
19*1 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Small &
Disadvantage^ Business
Utilization
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Office of
Communications and
Public Affairs
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Immediate Office Of The
"Administrator
Iffice of Civil Rishts
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.1
6.9
6.9
6.9
42.9 48.8 48.8 48.8
52.3 63.5 63.5 68.5
27.2 30.4 30.4 31.4
18.5 20.6 20.6 20.6
38.6
45.0
45.0
45.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
22.8
19.8
15.5
24.8
25.4
18.7
24.8
25.4
18.7
24.8
25.4
19.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
245.7 284.1 284.1 291.1
11-17
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of §28,645,600 supported by 291.1 total
workyears in 1992. This represents an increase of §10,160,400 and 7.0 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, §21,645,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of §3,160,400 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of §7,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,256,800 and 45.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of §559,900 and no change in total workyears from 1991.
The increase In Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The Office is responsible for Agency policy and direction, and for
setting environmental goals. The resource Increase will allow the Judicial
Officer function to accommodate the expanding number of requests sent to the
Judicial Officer for final decision. Since 1983, this function has seen its
caseload increase by 440%.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of §2,696,900 supported by 45.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major priorities In the Immediate Office are; Increased
emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts to ensure better internal
management, improved international leadership, continued delegations to State and
local governments, on-going support of enhanced science as & basis for decision-
making, and use of improved methodologies for managing risk.
CongressionalDirectives. A total of §25,000 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0.5 total workyears Is for the Congressionally directed project
to coordinate Agency lead research and abatement activities and report a
comprehensive lead strategy.
1990 AccomplIshments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of §3,583,700 supported by 38.6 total
workyears for this program, of which §3,233,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and §350,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. The major focus of activity was enforcement and
compliance efforts to ensure better International management, to meet the
increased number of requests sent to the Judicial Officer function for final
11-18
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decision and Improve international leadership in new and emerging global air and
water pollution issues.
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS AND STATE/LOCAL RELATIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,521,100 supported by 20.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $185,300 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The Office will continue to ensure that the Administrator's
policies are effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators; that the
Administrator is alerted to potential Regional problems and concerns; that the
Administrator is assisted in managing significant Regional issues; and that the
basic management needs of the Environmental Services Divisions are addressed.
The Office will also continue its implementation of leadership and guidance
activities to support community relations efforts throughout the Agency, to
maintain Agency liaison with state and local officials while increasing
activities to enhance technology transfer capabilities and ensure emphasis on
Federalism,and support Native American efforts.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,335,800 and 20.6 total
workyeers, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office provides a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten
Regional offices, plays an active part in Regional budget issues, implements
Agency guidance in community relations activities to provide maximum tribal,
state and local involvement in EPA's decisions, and provides guidance for, and
oversight of, the ten Environmental Services Divisions.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,313,200 and 18.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively
communicated to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in
the policy-making and decision-making processes, and that the Administrator was
kept informed of Regional concerns and issues. The Office also initiated regular
dialogue on environmental issues with local government organizations. In
addition, the Office carried out its responsibility as the Headquarters focal
point for the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,102,700 supported by 31.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $414,700 and 1.0 total workyears
from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs, The additional resources will be used for the Freedom of
Information (FOI) function to process the ever increasing volume of FOIA
requests. The number of FOIA requests received has increased by over 181% over
11-19
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the last five years. Responsibilities include routing, logging and tracking FOIA
requests; and a. more active role for the Agency-wide fOI Coordinator with
responsibilities including FOI policy development, oversight and monitoring
compliance of FOI Act and Regulations, developing and coordinating Agency FOI
policies, and guidance and training for the Agency FOI staff. The Office will
also continue to develop resource determinations in support of various staff
office functions, ongoing personnel, financial, and administrative management
functions, staff office automation support, and to process and monitor
Congressional Correspondence and Executive Correspondence.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,688,000 and 30.4 total
workyears for this progran, all of which is froa the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office monitors resource expenditures; develops the outyear
budget for the staff offices; and provides centralized personnel management
support services, automated resources support, and assistance to staff offices
with recruitment, staffing, and property control. The Office continues to
prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public
of administering the Freedom of Information Act, provides policy and program
oversight on the Freedom of Information Act, and manages and tracks executive and
Congressional correspondence.
19 90 Accomp11shments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,421,600 and 27.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan reports, developed the
outyear budget for the staff offices, and conducted workload analyses for
Regional Management. In addition, it provided assistance and staffing plan
development, program management services, and resource and computer planning
studies for the Administrator's staff offices. The Office logged, controlled and
monitored all Freedom of Information requests, Congressional correspondence, and
correspondence addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy Administrator.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a. total of $6,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$1,000 from 1991. This increase will provide the Administrator the resources
necessary to meet the expanding requirements for official receptions and meetings
for visiting dignitaries.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,000 to this program, all of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to cover
the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
11-20
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of §2,600 for this function from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount covered the expenses of
official receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,836,700 supported by 24,8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of §202,900 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The Office will continue to carry out national
equal employment opportunity monitoring, compliance, and enforcement programs,
manage the Agency's affirmative employment and recruitment programs, its special
emphasis programs, the discrimination complaints program, and the Historically
Black Colleges and Universities program. The Office of Civil Rights will also
continue to provide technical guidance and direction to the Agency's civil rights
efforts; provide policy guidance. Emphasis will continue on reducing the average
processing time of discrimination complaints to comply with regulatory limits;
increasing policy monitoring and support for Regional Civil Rights Offices, as
well as for the Headquarters Office of Civil Rights; providing continuous
monitoring of affirmative action plan implementation; expanding and improving the
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program to resolve complaints
through informal conciliation; strengthening and improving the special emphasis
programs by conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and
Agency managers, increasing quantity and quality of EEO reviews and studies; and
improving the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding non-
discrimination in Federally assisted programs. Emphasis also will be placed on
reducing severe under representation of minority and women employees, especially
at the executive and supervisory levels.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,633,800 and 24.8 total
workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Civil Rights to continue to
provide technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts.
The Office is strengthening and improving the special emphasis programs by
conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency
managers, is responsible for initiating and supporting employee participation in
programs established to advance career opportunities for secretarial and clerical
employees and women in science and engineering, and continues to conduct EEO
reviews and studies and provide management support and quality control through
on-site program evaluations. The Office continues to implement the Agency's
regulations regarding non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs vith
emphasis placed on reducing the average processing time for complaints of
discrimination in compliance with the regulatory limit and to provide increased
management support and quality control through on-slte evaluations.
11-21
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,657,700 supported by 22.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment
opportunity monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's affirmative
action program, special emphasis programs and the discrimination complaints
program; implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant recipients to
adhere to the civil rights laws and labor standard requirements of applicable
Federal statutes; and served as the Agency's focal point for the Historically
Black Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the Office evaluated
activities required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal
opportunity and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA; ensured
implementation of the Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal Women's,
Hispanic Employment and Black Employment Programs) ; implemented and monitored the
Agency's Affirmative Action Plans to remedy underrepresentation in the workforce;
and assured compliance by Agency grantees and contractors with provisions of
civil rights laws and labor standards requirements of applicable Federal
statutes.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,878,300 supported by 25.4. total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $176,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. In 1992, approximately 70 regulatory issues will
be identified for the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to review, an increase of 15
reviews from 1991.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,701,800 supported by 25.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Science Advisory Board is providing expert, independent
advice to the Administrator and the Agency on 55 scientific and technical issues
before the Agency.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total1 of $1,677,500 supported by 19.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The SAB was involved in 60 reviews during 1990. Included among
these reviews were issues relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxic substances,
drinking water, municipal waste combustion, radiological protection, radon,
Superfund science, risk assessment and ecology.
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OFFICEOFLADMINISTRATIVELAW JUDGES (ALJ)
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a. total of $1,520,000 supported by 19.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Tils represents an increase of $225,500 and 1.0 total workyear
from 1991, The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel
and support costs and the additional resources to support the ALJ's expanding
caseload including those cases involved with reauthorization of the Clean Air Act
and 460 new TSCA cases related to the Asbestos Hazardous Emergency Response Act,
These cases are the result of noncompliance with asbestos regulations by school
districts.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,294,500 supported by 18.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office expects to receive approximately 1043 cases from EPA
Regional offices In 1991. Of this total, approximately 140 cases are expected
to be under thi Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (ROSA), 400 cases under
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and 175 cases under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In addition, this Office
will handle approximately 328 cases originating at Headquarters, including
suspensions; cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Clean Air Act cases; and Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act cases.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $1,001,100 and 15.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Office maintained a docket of 818 cases. Of these cases, 200 were under
RCRA; 306 were under TSCA; and 145 cases were under FIFRA.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGESBUSINESS UTILIZATION
1992ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $723,100 supported by 6.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $86,600 and no change in total workyears from
1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The Office will continue to provide technical assistance to both
Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure that small, minority
and women's businesses are receiving a "fair share" of procurement dollars under
EPA's Financial Assistance Program. In addition, the ombudsman will respond to
approximately 14,000 inquiries from small firms on regulatory matters and will
provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the desired
level of voluntary compliance x several thousand small businesses.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $636,500 supported by 6.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
11-23
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appropriation. Emphasis continues on handling additional "Hotline" calls,
implementing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating business regulatory
outreach demonstration projects, and promoting Minority Business Enterprise and
Women's Business Enterprise participation In the Agency's financial assistance
programs to comply with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office will
monitor and provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring
about the desired level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small
businesses,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $758,300 supported by 8,1 total
workyears for this program, of which $658,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $100,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and
financial assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance;
provided assistance toward increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/
Women's Business Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EfA-assisted programs;
provided technical and managerial assistance to Headquarters and Regional staff
assigned to socio-economic program activities, and counseled minority and women's
businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,941,100 supported by 48.8 total workyears
for 1992, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $328,000 and no change in total workyears from 1991.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects Increased personnel and support
costs. The budget request will enable the Office to provide effective day-to-day
liaison with the Congress and will insure that member and committee requests are
handled in a timely manner. Increased legislative activity is expected due to
reauthorization of several major environmental statutes including the Toxic
Substances Control Act, the Clean Water Act, Superfund, and the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. The Office will continue to manage the
Legislative Reference Library.
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,613,100 supported by 48.8
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.. The Office will continue to provide effective day-to-day liaison
with Congress as it examines legislation relating to environmental issues, and
will prepare Agency reports and recommendations on pending and enacted
legislation Including draft legislative proposals extending the appropriations
required for EPA's major statutory authorities. The Office also manages the
Legislative Reference Library which provides comprehensive legislative research
services, with computerized tracking systems, to the Agency, Congress and
external organizations. The Office will continue to ensure that testimony, draft
legislation, and analyses and reports on pending and proposed legislation will
be developed and provided to OMB and the Congress In a timely fashion and
consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
11-24
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,493,000 supported by 42.9 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-
to-day legislative and Congressional contacts, including more than 375 briefings
of members and/or staff, involvement in approximately 400 hearings, coordination
of numerous meetings, courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative
information requests and casework generated by Congress. The Office also
developed testimony and related material for 165 legislative hearings, reviewed
and responded to 145 bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional
committees, 400 draft legislative reports proposed by other agencies, 130 hearing
follow-up questions and answers and 172 statements or testimony of other
agencies.
OFFICE OF CQMMPNICATJONSAND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,859,800 supported by 68.5 total vorkyears
for 1992, of which $5,859,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $980,000 and 5.0 total workyears from 1991 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $7,000,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs and the additional
resources associated with environmental education. The increase in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation will support new initiatives
needed to implement the recently passed National Environmental Educational Act,
Additionally, $500,000 will be allocated to fund the Council of Environmental
Quality awards program which is included in the National Environmental Education
Act. Increases for the Environmental Education Act will support, in part, grant
assistance to encourage promising environmental education activities, educational
internships and fellowships, and an environmental education and training program.
In 1992, the Office of Communications and Public Affairs will continue to inform,
educate, and involve the public with the issues before the Agency; lead the
country's environmental education efforts; and promote an understanding of the
Agency's mission and the Administrator's goals and objectives. The Office has
the primary responsibility to efficiently and effectively administer continuous
dialogue with public and private interest organizations so they may be actively
Involved in the development and implementation of prudent public policy.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,879,800 supported by 63.5
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and providing
Informational materials for the general public, the Office continues to
emphasize: (1) improving coordination within the Agency on communication
activities related to major Agency actions, and (2) strengthening long range
planning of public information activities In coordination with .major EPA program
offices and the Regional offices.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,681,200 supported by 52.3 total
vorkyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media
and providing Information material to the public, the Office improved
communications coordination within the Agency as it related to major Agency
actions, and strengthened long range planning of public information activities
in coordination with major EPA program offices and Regional offices.
11-26
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Office of Inspector
General
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE «•
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Office of Inspector $20,010.4 $20,876.8 $20,876.8 $23,148.0 $2,271.2
General
TOTAL *20,010.4 $20,876.8 $20,876.8 $23,148.0 $2,271.2
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector $20,010.4 $20,876.8 $20,876.8 $23,148.0 $2,271.2
General
Agency Management TOTAL $20,010.4 $20,876.8 $20,876.8 $23,148.0 $2,271.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 223.2 262.1 262.1 266.0 3.9
General
OTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 223.2 262.1 262.1 266.0 3.9
TOTAL WQRKYEARS
Office of Inspector 226.2 262.1 262.1 266.0 3.9
General
TOTAL WORKYEARS 226.2 262.1 262.1 266.0 3.9
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,200,000 supported by 366.3 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $4,200,000 and 15.9 total workyears from 1991
for the Office of the Inspector General Appropriation. Of this amount,
$14,954,000 is to be derived from the Hazardous Substance Superfund and $623,000
from the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks trust funds to support activities
related to these funds. Included in this amount is $3,263,000 for support costs
that are displayed in the Office of Administration and Resources Management
accounts.
For the Agency Management portion of the appropriation, the Agency requests
a total of $23,148,000 supported by 266.0 total workyears for 1992, an increase
of $2,271,200 and 3.9 total workyears from 1991. All of this request will be for
the Inspector General appropriation to ensure management integrity of the
Agency's programs and operations.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,148,000 supported by 266.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Management portion of the Office of
Inspector General (OIG) appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,271,200
and 3.9 total workyears from 1991. We will use this increase in resources to (1)
expand and provide more effective management of the contract audit program,
including development and maintenance of in-house contract audit expertise, and
conduct needed audits of highly sensitive contract issues, and (2) provide
technical assistance and audit of the Agency's consolidated financial statements
as required by the Chief Financial Officers Act.
We will continue: conducting audits of the Agency's growing and complex,
yet vulnerable computer systems, used to make critical environmental decisions;
conducting audits to close out construction grants; Investigative efforts to
reduce the risk of fraud and abuse in Agency procurement, construction grant, and
other programs; and supporting the Agency personnel security program and
legislative requirements of the Inspector General Act Amendments.
The resources requested will also be used by the Office of Inspector
General to continue conducting performance (internal and management) audits to
improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of EPA programs and to provide
and expand audit coverage to EPA programs and operations for ensuring that
maximum pollution prevention is achieved with existing Agency program resources
and ensuring financial and management integrity throughout the Agency. The OIG
11-28
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will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at achieving environmental results and
strong enforcement of environmental laws with an en>phasis on (1) indoor and
ambient air quality, (2) pesticides and toxic subst s, (3) hazardous waste
disposal, (4) wetlands, (5) water quality (suri, , drinking wster and
groundwater), and will begin new initiatives in pesticides and estuaries. The
OIG will continue its program of external audits of grants and contracts which
in 1990 resulted in nearly $45 of questioned costs for each audit dollar spent
and conduct audits of tine State Revolving Funds. The OIG will provide additional
support of the Agency's needs for indirect cost proposal, preaward, interim, and
final audits of contracts through increased funding of an interagency agreement
with the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), contracting with CPA firms, and
development of in-house audit expertise,
The OIG will also increase investigations of procurement fraud, continue
our high impact investigations of antitrust activities and other construction-
related fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiatives, including the use of
substandard materials by architectural and engineering firms and conspiracies to
defraud by contract laboratories. By focusing our fraud efforts in vulnerable
areas and taking more proactive initiatives, the OIG expects to obtain greater
results, including more indictments, convictions, and monetary recoveries. The
OIG will continue its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing OIG activities,
instructing EPA employees to identify areas sensitive to fraud, and by developing
new fraud detection tools and methods.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §20,876,800 supported by 262,1
total workyears, all of which is from the Management portion of the Office of
Inspector General appropriation. The Office of Inspector General is continuing
to perform performance based audits needed to help improve the economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness of the Agency's overall program operations.
Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs or areas in which insufficient audit
resources have been devoted. For example, this would include reviewing programs
aimed at achieving environmental results and ensuring strong enforcement
including air and water quality, hazardous waste disposal, pesticides and toxic
substances, and research and development. The OIG has initiated a long term
c sprehensive audit approach to address several broad-range issues that are
btyond the scope of any single audit. Initially, the OIG will address contract
and financial management issues. Such reviews assist Agency managers in
identifying and correcting major systemic problems which in turn strengthen
environmental programs. These reviews help the Agency meet its mission while
ensuring that limited resources are used more efficiently and effectively. The
OIG will also follow up on findings and recommendations from previous audits to
determine whether corrective actions agreed on were taken and improvements made.
Additionally, the OIG will begin performing necessary preparatory work in support
of the Chief Financial Officers Act.
The OIG investigative resources are devoted to conducting criminal
investigations relating to EPA programs and operations. Maje*. investigations
cover bid rigging, conspiracy and other fraud in EPA-funded construction
activities; procurement fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct concerning EPA
employees; and administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA
programs and personnel. Ne» initiatives have been aggressively started to
identify fraud by contract laboratories and contractors and use of substandard
11-29
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materials in construction projects. Efforts are continuing to encourage the use
of the DIG hotline to uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and
mismanagement. Under the fraud prevention program, the DIG is providing
technical and audit assistance to the Agency by assessing the adequacy of
internal controls as required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
of 1982.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $20,010,400 supported by 226.1
total workyears, all of which was from the Management portion of the Office of
Inspector General appropriation and includes support costs for the Office of
Administration and Resources Management. The Office of Inspector General issued
1,928 audit reports with questioned costs and recommended efficiencies of
$452,400,000. Overall, $192,200,000 of questioned costs and recommended
efficiencies were sustained by Agency management. During the year, the Agency
obtained $56,800,000 of actual cash recoveries as a result of audit efforts. An
expanded performance audit program was implemented and 5.1 percent of the direct
audit resources were devoted to examining many critical areas needing audit.
Performance audits provided recommendations for improving the effectiveness,
efficiency, and results of EPA program operations. Investigative activities
focusing on major civil and criminal violations resulted in 17 indictments and
13 convictions of persons or firms, 23 administrative actions taken against EPA
employees, and the recovery of $3,805,579 in judgments, fines and restitution.
The DIG also acted to suspend, debar, or restrict 140 dishonest or unresponsive
persons and firms from doing business with the Federal government.
Key improvements resulting from DIG audits included: (1) prompt issuance
of a banned pesticide strategy requiring monitoring and inspection of storage
locations; (2) strengthening the controls for use and payment of overtime; (3)
more effective protection of the Southeast's vulnerable wetlands; (4) increased
effort to protect the public, especially school children, against lead in
drinking water. We also found that needed corrective action identified in
previous audits of the Chesapeake Bay Program was not adequate, effective, or
timely. The OIG opened 242 new investigations and closed 251 investigations,
obtaining 30 indictments or convictions. Significant results were achieved in
investigations of hazardous waste cleanup fraud, and bribery in the inspection
of asbestos removal, false statements in the construction grant, contract
services, and other programs, and the submission of fraudulent documentation
involving emissions testing of foreign vehicles. The OIG also continued a fraud
prevention and detection awareness program for EPA managers to encourage and
improve their recognition and reporting of possible fraud and abuse.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
The request for this program element can be found in Management and Support
section of the Superfund media.
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
The request for this program element can be found in Management and Support
section of the L.U.S.T. media.
11-30
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Office of General
Counsel
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the General Counsel
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of General
Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $8,390.5 $10,368.1 $10,368.1 112,178.6 SI,810.5
Registration and $46.5 S71.6 $71.6 -S71.6
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $8,437.0 $10,439.7 $10,439.7 $12,178.6 $1,738.9
TOTAL:
Salaries ft Expenses $8,390.5 $10,368.1 $10,368.1 $12,178.6 $1,810.5
Reregistretion end $46.5 $71.6 $71.6 -$71.6
Expedited Processing
Agency Management TOTAL $8,437.0 $10,439.7 $10,439.7 $12,178.6 $1,738.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of General 110.2 148.4 148.4 163.4 15.0
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 110.2 148.4 148.4 163.4 15.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of General 119.2 148.4 148.4 163.4 15.0
Counsel
TOTAL WORKYEARS 119.2 148.4 148.4 163.4 15.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,178,600 supported by 163,4 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $1,810,500 from 1991, All of the requested
funds will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of 15.0 total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
no change in total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,178,600 supported by 163.4 workyears for
this program. All of the requested funds will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 162.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.0 will be from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $1,810,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of 15.0 total workyears from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in total Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses will provide for additional attorney staff and for increased costs of
office support and personnel.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and counsel
to Agency management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation
of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and
administrative areas such as personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the
public to EPA held information. The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is
a defendant. Legal support and review will be provided for all major regulatory
actions, policy documents, and guidelines to ensure that legal error is avoided.
OGC's requested increase of 15.0 total workyears will be devoted to a broad range
of areas including support to the Clean Air Act, international matters, and to
the financial and management integrity of the Agency's programs. This increase
will build additional capacity within the OGC to fulfill its mission of providing
legal services to all organizational elements of the Agency for all Agency
programs and activities.
Five total workyears will be added to assist the Agency in its efforts to
ensure the financial and management integrity of its programs, especially with
respect to contracts management ethics, and conflicts of interest claims. Nine
total workyears will be devoted from the increase to the implementation of
anticipated major amendments to the Clean Air Act, particularly for ozone and
carbon monoxide attainment, mobile source rulemakings, hazardous air pollutants,
permit issues, and acid deposition controls.
11-32
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OGC will support reregistratlon activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments, particular to Phase IV and Phase V of the reregistration process to
support the Agency in any litigation against it and to assist in making
precedential legal and policy decisions on the first pesticides that go through
the process.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,439,700 supported by 148.4
total workyears for this program. Of these funds, $10,368,100 are from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $71,600 are from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. Total workyears include 147.4 from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 1.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. The 1991 program provides continued support to Agency
program priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive
litigation, review of Agency rulemaking actions, participating in selected
administrative proceedings, and assisting in international negotiations.
OGC will support reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments through assistance to the establishment of the basic regulatory
framework for reregistration, and handling litigation which may result from new
requirements such as health and environmental testing under Part 158 and Data
Call-In requests that will be enforced by suspension orders.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,437,000 supported by 119.2
total workyears. Of these funds, $8,390,500 were from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $46,500 were from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. Total workyears included 118.6 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and 0.6 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. In 1990, the OGC supported priorities by providing legal advice and
support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed
against it. OGC also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibility
and provided advice on other actions, such as grants, contracts, personnel
matters, and international activities.
OGC supported reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments by assisting in developing the broad structure of the reregistration
program, including the initial fee collection system, the data raquirements, and
the lists of active ingredients for reregistration.
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Office of
International
Activities
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of International
Activities
Salaries fi Expenses $4,068.5 $3.773.5 S3,773.5 $4,900.8 $1,127.3
Abatement Control and $1,109,7 $1,699.9 $1,699.9 $1,249.9 -$450.0
Compliance
TOTAL $5,178.2 $5,473.4 $5,473.4 $6,150.7 $677.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,068.5 $3,773.5 $3,773.5 $4,900.8 $1,127.3
Abatement Control and $1,109.7 $1,699.9 $1,699.9 $1,249.9 -$450.0
Compliance
Agency Management TOTAL $5,178.2 $5,473.4 $5,473.4 $6,150.7 $677.3
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of International 43.8 52.0 52.0 61.0 9.0
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 43.8 52.0 52.0 61.0 9.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office of International 47.2 52.0 52.0 61.0 9.0
Activities
TOTAL UORKYEARS 47.2 52.0 52.0 61.0 9.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of International Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,150,700 supported by 61.0 total workyears
for 1992, an increase of $677,300 and 9.0 total workyears from 1991. Of the
request, $4,900,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$1,249,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,127,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease of $450,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1992 .Program. Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,150,700 supported by 61.0 workyears for
this program, of which $4,900,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,249,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,127,300 for Salaries and
Expenses, a decrease of $450,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of 9.0 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
the Agency's commitment to reinforcing U.S. leadership in the international
environmental arena by strengthening its presence in multilateral agencies,
achieving a greater focus to its bilateral programs, augmenting its presence in
Eastern Europe, and establishing an Agency-wide initiative on environmental
protection of the Caribbean area. The decrease in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects the elimination of one-year Congressional add-
on funds.
In 1992, the Office of International Activities will strengthen its impact
on the environmental agenda of key multilateral organizations by influencing
decisions on sustainable development, by facilitating the international transfer
of appropriate technology, and by promoting consideration of environmental
factors by multilateral development banks. In addition, the Office will leverage
the resources of EPA and other government agencies by helping assert U.S.
leadership at the UN Conference on the Environment and Development, to be held
in Brazil in 1992, which will shape much of the International environmental
agenda into the next century.
The Office of International Activities will target bilateral programs in
specific Latin American, European, African, and Asian countries to provide
greater focus on critical environmental issues including efficient energy use,
pollution prevention, and forestry. The Office will also augment its presence
in Eastern Europe by capitalizing on EPA's current environmental experience in
this region. To underscore EPA's themes of international leadership and
pollution prevention, the Office will lead a cross-media Agency-wide initiative
11-35
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entitled Environmental Program Activities for the Caribbean (EPAC) which will
promote regional environmental cooperation in the countries of the Wider
Caribbean. The Office will also be called to play a role as Secretariat to the
new Environment for the Americas Board in supervising debt-for-nature
transactions under the Enterprise for the Americas initiative.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,473,400 supported by 52.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,773,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,699,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. In addition to devising EPA's international strategy
for the environment, the Office is participating in negotiations on the Framework
Convention on Climate Change; developing a World Forest Declaration; developing
an initiative on trade and the environment; establishing a technology transfer
clearinghouse (ENVIRONET), an outgrowth of the recommendations of the
International Environmental Technology Transfer Advisory Board (IETTAB); and
developing integrated environmental training and information packages. In the
bilateral area, the Office is developing a US-Mexico Border Area Environmental
Strategic Plan, increasing program outreach in Eastern Europe, developing debt-
f or-environment projects in Latin America, concluding the Acid Rain Accord with
Canada, revising and expanding the US-Soviet program^ and increasing cooperation
with the European Community.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,178,200 and 47.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,068,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,109,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. In its first full year of operation as a newly
expanded organization, the Office launched the Regional Environmental Center in
Budapest, helped develop the U.S. position on mineral development in Antarctica,
provided significant interageney coordination of reports in the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change Process which will prove crucial to negotiations on the
Framework Climate Convention, collaborated with Commerce's Committee for the
Mobilization of US Exports, signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Peace
Corps, and set up a formal collaborative mechanism between OIA and AID.
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Federal Activities
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIHATi 1992 . DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Federal
Activities
salaries & Expenses $2,191.0 $2,132.1 $2,132.1 $2,319.4
TOTAL $2,191.0 $2,132.1 $2,132.1 $2,319.4
$187.3
$187,3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,191.0 $2,132.1 $2,132.1 $2,319.4 $187.3
Agency Management TOTAL $2,191.0 $2,132.1 $2,132.1 $2,319.4 $1S7.3
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
30.5
30.5
30.7
30.7
30.7
30.7
31.7
31.7
1.0
1.0
TOTAL UOtKYEAiS
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS
33.3 30.7 30.7 31.7 1.0
33.3 30.7 30.7 31.7 1.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Federal Activities
1992 Prggram Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,319,400 supported by 31.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of §187,300 and 1.0 total workyear
from 1991. The increase will be used to implement multimedia grants for Indians
and integrate program and Regional office efforts to develop the capacity of
Indian Tribal governments to develop and implement environmental protection
programs for Indian lands. The Salaries and Expenses increase will fund the
Federal workforce needed to implement the President's program in FY 1992.
In 1992, the Office of Federal Activities will:
o review major Federal actions significantly affecting the environment, as
required by Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA);
o identify potential problems and work to ensure incorporation of needed
environmental improvements in these reviews;
o work to ensure that EPA programs and activities comply with NEPA and other
cross cutting Federal environmental statutes;
o develop policy and coordinate EPA programs for assisting Indian tribes in
developing environmental programs;
o ensure states implement an effective environmental review program to
support the State Revolving Fund for wastewater treatment construction;
o oversee environmental policy Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with other
Federal agencies to provide a mechanism for cooperating and resolving
conflicts;
o manage the official filing activity for all Federal Environmental Impact
Statements in accordance with a Memorandum of Agreement with the Council
of Environmental Quality; and
o provide limited technical assistance to international environmental impact
assessment program development and project reviews.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,132,100 and 30.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Federal Activities will conduct the above
activities with particular emphasis on:
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o prevention of significant air and water degradation from proposed major
Federal projects, particularly land management and transportation projects
impacting sensitive resource areas;
o ensuring the Agency's NEPA documents and equivalent assessments contain
sound environmental analyses which are useful in the decision process;
o ensuring States implement effective environmental review program to
support the State Revolving Fund for wastewater treatment construction;
o compliance of the Agency's programs with other applicable statutes;
o coordination of the Agency's Indian activities to develop the capacity of
Indian Tribal governments to develop and implement environmental
protection programs for Indian lands to include developing the protocol
for an environmental survey of Indian lands;
o coordination with the Agency for International Development (AID), multi-
lateral development banks and other relevant entities to support the
development of an environmental program infrastructure in developing
countries;
o liaison activities, such as managing EPA's umbrella MOUs with US
Geographical Survey, Forest Service, Tennessee Valley Authority, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other Federal agencies; and
o supporting efforts to assure EPA actions comply with the Endangered
Species Act, the National Historic Preservation Act, and Executive Orders
on floodplain and wetland protection and preservation of agricultural
lands.
As a result of the Office of Enforcement's reorganization to improve
communication between EPA and other Federal agencies in the area of Federal
Facility compliance with environmental laws, new program elements are established
in 1991 (Federal Facilities Enforcement), In 1991, 4,5 total workyears are
transferred from the Office of Federal Activities to establish a separate program
element for the Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,191,000 and 33.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The office focused its activity on: ensuring that EPA programs
conform with NEPA and other cross-cutting Federal environmental statutes;
directing reviewing other Federal actions for potential environmental impact;
analyzing EPA policies associated with other Federal agencies; overseeing the
implementation of EPA Indian policy; providing support for international
environmental impact activities; and operating the Federal Environmental Impact
Statement filing effort. The program expanded its involvement in a number of
international issues: development of a convention on transboundary environmental
impact assessment (EIA), drafting a proposed US annex on .EIA procedures for
Antarctica, and providing assistance to a number of requests regarding EIA from
other countries and international organizations. The Agency's Indian program was
strengthened by the completion of a memorandum of understanding between EPA, the
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Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Indian Health Services, and the Department of
Housing and Urban Development and by the sponsorship of regular interagency
meetings. The Federal Facilities program developed an improved OMB Circular A-
106 review process and issued a review package on "Conducting Environmental
Audits at Federal Facilities" to ensure Federal agencies are funding all
environmental regulatory compliance requirements.
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Office of Policy,
Planning &
Evaluation
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses
$1,024.3 $1,152.5 $1,152.i $1,383.8 $231.3
TOTAL $1,024.3 $1,152.5 $1,152.5 $1,383.8 $231.3
$1,886.8 0.0
TOTAL *1,886.8 0.0
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,180.8 $9,328.9 $9,328.9 $9,062.3 -$266.6
$11,287.4 $11,874.1 $11,874.1 $16,090.1 $4,216.0
TOTAL $18,468.2 $21,203.0 $21,203.0 $25,152.4 $3,949.4
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
State Grants
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,576.0 $7,473.7 $7,473.7 $7,448.0 -$25.7
$1,248.9 $515.0 $515.0 $2,811.3 $2,296.3
TOTAL $5,824.9 $7,988.7 $7,988.7 $10,259.3 $2,270.6
$3,287.4 $6,271.4 $6,271.4 $6,171.3 -$100.1
$822,9 $1,500.0 $1,500.0 $2,437.7 $937.7
TOTAL $4,110.3 $7,771.4 $7,771.4 $8,609.0 $837.6
$1,088.4 , 0.0
$6,737.5 $7,000.0 $7,000.0 $3,000.0 -$4,000.0
TOTAL $7,825.9 $7,000.0 $7,000,0 $3,000.0 -$4,000.0
TOTAL:
Salaries £ Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Agency Management
$19,043.7 $24,226.5 $24,226.5 $24,065.4 -$161.1
$20,096.7 $20,889.1 $20,889.1 $24,339.1 $3,450.0
TOTAL $39,140.4 $45,115.6 $4S,115.6 $48,404.1 $3,288.9
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention
State Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT VORKYEARS
14.1 17.8 17.8 18.8 1.0
13.0 0.0
65.3 84.3 84.3 91.3 7.0
56.3 74.1 74.1 90.1 16.0
47.2 68.6 68.6 71.6 3.0
16,3 0.0
212.2 244.8 244.8 271.8 27.0
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIHATE 1992 DICREASI -
1991 1992 VS 1991
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management arid
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pol Iut i on Prevent i on
State Grants
TOTAL WORKYEARS
16.7 18.8 18.8 18.8
15.4
69.0 87.3 87.3 91.3
58.5 81.1 81.1 90.1
49.8 70.6 70.6 71.6
17.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
9.0
1.0
0.0
226.4 257.8 257.8 271.8 14.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $48,404,500 supported by 271.8 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of §3,288,900 and an increase of 14 total
workyears from 1991. Of the request, $24,065,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $24,339,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $161,100 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $3,450,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT. - POLICY. FLAMING AND EVALUATION
'1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,383,800 supported by 18.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $231,300 from 1991. The increase
results from increased personnel and support costs.
This request will provide the Assistant Administrator (AA) with sufficient
staff and resources for the policy direction, special analyses, human resources
initiatives, and budgetary and administrative support necessary to manage OPPE
and its component offices efficiently and effectively. It will enable the AA to
lead various Agency program integration initiatives, including pollution
prevention, statutory reforms, regulatory "clusters" and cross-media permits for
industrial facilities. It will allow the AA to respond to inquiries on OPPE
issues from Congress and the Office of Management and Budget as well as from the
Regions, states, local governments and the public. It will also enable the
Agency to prepare appropriate responses to General Accounting Office evaluations
of EPA programs.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,152,500 supported by 18.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program is providing overall policy direction and leadership
in the integration of environmental protection activities, and is conducting
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,024,300 supported by 16.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These funds provided policy direction and supported the basic
budgetary, administrative, analytic and planning activities necessary to manage
OPPE.
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (IEMP)
1992 Prog.ram_Regue$t
See Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP) and Office of Regulatory
Management and Evaluation (ORME).
19.9.1 Program
See Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP) and Office of Regulatory
Management and Evaluation (ORME).
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,886,800 supported by 15.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
IEMP built upon and improved risk assessment knowledge and methods to
complete comparative risk analyses in seven additional Regions and two states.
All ten EPA Regions have now completed comparative risk projects. Two additional
state projects, in Louisiana and Vermont, reached their midpoint to completion.
Three Regions used their comparative risk analyses to develop multi-media and
within media risk-based environmental management strategies for reducing human
health and ecological risks. These "pilot" strategic plans are serving as models
for the other seven Regions. The IEMP supported establishment of an annual
negotiation process between Regions and national program managers for improved
targeting of resources to achieve greater risk reduction. Technical assistance
was provided to several states and localities. The IEMP continued to assist an
Indian tribe in adapting a Geographic Information System for use in targeting
limited environmental protection resources. Information on using comparative
risk analysis to target resources was distributed to private and government
organizations and to individuals in all fifty states and several foreign
countries.
lEMP's science policy staff worked with the Office of Research and
Development to successfully develop a method for estimating the severity and
extent of selected dioxin exposures among native American populations. It helped
prepare eco-risk guidelines and produced a preliminary analysis of threats to
biodiversity in North America. It also initiated development of a strategic
response to the habitat loss and degradation threats identified by the Science
Advisory Board and began development of ecosystem restoration criteria, focusing
on wetlands. Other products included a management framework for assessing
cumulative environmental impacts, a report on sustainable development, and a
comparative analysis of available methods for characterizing risk assessment
uncertainties.
OFFICE OFPOLICYANALYSIS (OPA)
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,152,400 and 91.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $9,062,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
11-45
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appropriation and $16,090,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $266,600 and an increase of
$4,216,000 respectively, and an increase of 4.0 total workyears from 1991. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from the transfer of some extramural
resources to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. However, the
intramural portion of Salaries and Expenses increases to fund the additional
workyears for the Clean Air Act (CAA) and economic and analytical activities as
well as the increased personnel and support costs. The Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation increase also reflects enhanced support for CAA and
climate change activities and for strengthened economic and analytical capability
and development of regulatory "clusters."
In 1992, OPA will analyze EPA's highest priority regulatory actions and
non-regulatory initiatives, particularly issues identified as posing high risks
to health, environment and public welfare, and will support the OPPE commitment
to strengthen the Agency's economic and analytical capability. 1992 will be a
crucial year for the development of rules, guidance and studies central to the
new CAA. The potentially large costs of the CAA provisions make careful analysis
of economic impacts essential for EPA's implementation of the Act. OPA's
analysis will focus on regulations to reduce urban smog, air toxics and acid
rain. OPA will design alternative schemes for implementing the auction
provisions in the new CAA acid rain section, and focus on integrating pollution
prevention in CAA implementation. OPA will work with state public utility
commissions on incorporating environmental concerns in utility rate designs and
demand side management programs.
Working closely with other EPA offices, OPA's global climate change program
will have a strong interagency focus, will position the Agency to evaluate all
policy options, and will provide stimulus to expand international understanding
and involvement in response strategy issues. It will focus on integrating
climate policies with economic growth objectives and On providing leadership for
international agreements. Economic research on global climate change will
consume $3,200,000 from the base. In support of sound U.S. policy demonstrating
cost-effective options, OPA will (1) continue its lead role in supporting climate
convention negotiations and analysis, (2) expand analyses of domestic energy
options to meet the requirements of a possible international agreement and to
support implementation of the National Energy Strategy in an environmentally
sound manner, (3) quantify economic impacts associated with climate changes, and
(4) provide support to the State Department on technical, financial, and
institutional issues. OPA will also analyze possible protocols likely to be
associated with a global climate convention, expand existing work with other
Federal agencies, and assess energy efficient technologies, renewables, and other
technological and financial options, especially in eastern Europe and less-
developed countries. Other activities will include outreach, data gathering and
technical analyses to show the implications of alternative mitigation strategies
and analysis of forestry to support an initial international forest agreement by
summer 1992. OPA will continue to analyze the potential domestic and global
impacts of climate change on agriculture, forests, water resources, wetlands, sea
level rise, and human health.
OPA will assist in implementing clean water and ground water protection
strategies, in legislative initiatives that improve EPA's authorities to protect
water resources, and in review of major regulations pertaining to drinking water,
effluent guidelines, pretreatment, water quality standards, National Pollution
11-46
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Discharge Elimination System, and sludge management. OPA's hazardous and non-
hazardous waste efforts will be directed toward effective management of the risks
covered in Subtitle C and D including the definition of hazardous wastes, large
volume wastes, and corrective action. 0?A will promote effective policies for
siting waste facilities, help set permitting priorities based on environmental
significance, and characterize the risks of disposal practices. It also will
provide important support for Title III activities. OPA will reduce its
technical review and analysis of Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) regulations and
policies under development, although it will still oversee OTS development of
strategies for chemicals of concern (e.g. asbestos, dio n, lead). Analysis of
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act registration and Special
Review decisions will continue in order to determine their cost-effectiveness and
compatibility with the risk-benefit balancing requirements of the Act.
OPA will continue to improve integration of policies related to
agriculture, land and wildlife management, and the environment through review of
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Interior, and Food and Drug
Administration regulations, and through analysis of the implementation of the
1990 Food Security Act revisions. OPA will further analyze options for
implementing the Agency's approach to nitrates, and will staff EPA's Agricultural
Policy Committee, Analytic support for EPA review of other agencies'
environmental impact assessments will continue. In addition, OPA will integrate
energy and environmental issues by working with the Department of Energy (DOE)
and other interested parties.
OPA will improve its capabilities to design and implement economic
incentives for environmentally sound practices. OPA will evaluate and design
tradeable permit schemes, and other market-based mechanisms to more efficiently
address environmental concerns in all EPA program areas. Cost, risk, and cross-
media considerations will be used as the basis for identifying appropriate
applications for the use of incentive approaches. Before developing or advancing
any application, OPA will ensure that sufficient analysis has been carried out
to confirm that the problem warrants regulatory intervention and that it is best
addressed by an incentive approach. In addition, OPA will work on EPA's
regulatory "cluster" initiative, designed to help shift the focus of our
regulatory development process from producing individual rules to developing more
integrated strategies for addressing environmental problems. The project will
"cluster" regulations and policies around environmental problem areas defined by
sectors (e.g. pulp and paper), by contaminants (e.g. lead), by environmental
resources (e.g. ground water), or by geographic areas.
1991Program <
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,203,000 supported by 87.3
total workyears for this program, of which $9,328,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,874,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OPA is responsible for coordinating the Agency's activities on global
climate change and directing its policy program, working closely with the Offices
of Research and Development, Air and Radiation, and International Activities.
It is concentrating on developing policy options for mitigating and adapting to
climate change. OPA is supporting impact analyses, adaptive strategies and
outreach in the United States; conducting five major international impact
11-47
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studies; analyzing the impacts of energy taxes on the environment; and assessing
domestic and international energy, forestry, and agriculture options for limiting
emissions. The program is also supporting the development of a framework global
climate convention and the President's initiative for a separate international
forest agreement.
In air policy, OPA is focusing on CAA implementation, with special emphasis
on air toxics, acid rain and nonattainment. OPA is undertaking a major effort
to assist DOE in implementing a National Energy Strategy. In water policy, OPA
is analyzing possible amendments to the Clean Water Act and assisting in the
analysis and implementation of the EPA Ground-Water Strategy and water
conservation policies, OPA is developing and implementing cooperative programs
aimed at protecting and restoring ecological values with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service and other parts of Interior. It is working with USDA to develop
implementation procedures for the 1990 Farm Bill, including Low Input Sustainable
Agriculture practices, and other pollution prevention measures for agriculture.
OPA will continue its hazardous waste (RCRA) regulatory review function,
particularly for precedent setting rules with cost effectiveness issues. For
RCRA reauthorization, OPA is playing a major role in analyzing industrial waste
pollution prevention, potential economic incentives, and comparative risks on
Subtitle D. OPA is providing policy review of pesticides usage, with emphasis
on quality and use of food residue data, cost/risk analyses of pesticides and
risk substitutes, and implementation of the Pesticides in Ground-Water Strategy.
OPA also is supporting more effective risk management in the toxics program and
developing viable economic incentive alternatives to command and control
regulation for toxic substances. OPA is examining economic incentive approaches
to EPA programs through permit trading, credit systems, fees and other
instruments, as well as working on regulatory "clusters."
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,950,000 is for the Congressionally
directed global climate change policy studies ($4,750,000) and a national water
quality study by the National Academy of Sciences ($200,000).
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $18,468,200 supported by 69.0
total workyears for this program, of which $7,180,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,287,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OPA worked closely with Agency program offices and interagency groups on
global climate change issues. It supported the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change's Energy and Industry Subgroup, and the Agriculture, Forestry and
Other Systems Subgroups, through workshops on tropical forestry, agriculture
emissions, studies of developing emissions, and through preparation (with the
Netherlands) of an expert report on greenhouse gas emissions. OPA published
interim results on international studies of climate change impacts on
agriculture, forestry, sea level rise, and water resources. It supported the
development of the "America the Beautiful" proposal as well as the International
Forest Agreement. It also prepared analyses of a comprehensive greenhouse gas
strategy for the U.S.
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OPA analyzed proposed CAA amendments, implementation of the State Clean
Water Strategy, the EPA Ground-Water Strategy, oceans initiatives, coordination
of water and hazardous waste policies, RCRA reauthorization, Subtitle C, Subtitle
D, and corrective action programs. OPA continued to perform economic analyses
with emphasis on the use of benefit/cost evaluations in state water quality
reports, and on impacts of EPA regulations on different sectors of the economy.
OPA worked to improve integration of agricultural and environmental policies
through the review regulations and legislative proposal developed by the Food and
Drug Administration, USDA and Interior. OPA also helped USDA to implement
aspects of the Conservation Reserve Program. OPA provided important background
analysis to support the development of an Agency-wide regulatory strategy for
lead. OPA also analyzed the feasibility of applying economic incentives to the
Agency's programs and began work on regulatory "clusters."
OFFICE OF REGULATORY MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION (ORME)
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,259,300 supported by 90.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,448,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,811,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $25,700 and an increase
of $2,296,300 respectively, and an increase of 9.0 total workyears from 1991.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from the transfer of some
extramural resources to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
However, the intramural portion of Salaries and Expenses increases to fund
additional workyears for the Environmental Statistics Project (ESP), economic
analysis, and for Increased personnel and support costs. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance also reflects enhanced support for the
Environmental Statistics Project and the strengthening of OPPE's economic
analysis capability.
ORME will manage EPA's regulation development and analysis process,
updating it in response to changing priorities, and address the concept of
regulatory "clusters." It will provide consultative services to workgroups
through the Regulatory Coordinators Project, assisting in the elevation and
resolution of issues early in the process to enhance rule development. ORME will
set up an electronic reporting system to support banking and trading of S02
allowances under the acid rain program and support the Title V permits program.
It will work with states to establish a uniform approach for electronic reporting
of hazardous waste manifest and biennial report data to improve implementation
of the state-delegated hazardous waste program. This will also promote data
integration at EPA by using electronic reporting for mapping EPA forms/data
structures into the ASCX.12 data element dictionary.
Program evaluation staff will analyze and recommend improvements to EPA
programs' effectiveness and provide suggestions for improving coordination of
activities with states and Regions. Science policy staff will work on ecological
issues, especially those related to critical and threatened habitats, on linkages
between economics and the environment, and on improved health risk assessments,
primarily for selected, at risk minority groups, including children.
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Enhanced economic analysis efforts will focus on providing guidance to the
Agency on the preparation and use of cost-benefit information for regulation
development as well as conducting special studies in the areas of cost-benefit
analysis, economic incentives, environmental accounting, international trade
impacts, state and local finance, and ecosystem valuation. ORME will expand its
benefits assessment projects to include initiatives by the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, and it
will undertake additional analysis to support the design of incentive strategies
for cost-effective pollution control and prevention.
ORME's statistical efforts will emphasize data quality. This office will
take the lead in developing statistical methods to improve the quality of Agency
products, present courses and workshops for non-statisticians, and provide
technical support to program offices, Regions and the Environmental Statistics
Project (ESP). An expanded ESP will help improve environmental data by analyzing
existing information, developing assessments of environmental conditions, and
consulting with other Federal agencies to help fill data gaps and improve the
efficiency of data collection programs. Staff will work closely with other
Federal agencies to coordinate ESP efforts and priorities. They will ensure that
the Agency stays abreast of environmental statistics efforts in other countries
and new technique in order to provide leadership to the international effort to
assess the environment. The ESP will near completion of its State of the
Environment Report, scheduled for publication before the end of calendar year
1992.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $7,988,700 supported by 81.1
total workyears for this program, of which $7,473,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and §515,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
ORME administers the Agency's internal regulation development and analysis
process, ensuring compliance of regulatory and policy documents with all
applicable requirements. ORME is implementing the procedure designed in 1990
to ensure consideration of pollution prevention opportunities as a routine step
in the regulation development process, and continues to ensure Agency compliance
with the amended Paperwork Reduction Act. The ESP is focused on publication of
a national environmental statistics report in 1992. ORME is completing work on
Environniental Investments: the Cost of a Clean Environment, a report to Congress
mandated by the Clean Air and Water Acts. ORME is providing objective,
independent analysis in policy-related areas, investigating the costs of
environmental protection and the benefits of Agency policy and programs, and
analyzing uncertainty in risk assessment. ORME also provides courses in risk
communication and statistics. It is playing a more aggressive role in initiating
and conducting program evaluations, and is following up to encourage
implementation of its recommendations.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $5,824,900 supported by 58.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,576,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,248,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
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ORME administered and directed the Agency's internal regulation development
and analysis process, began work to ensure consideration of pollution prevention
opportunities as a routine step in the process, and provided its regulation
development course for an ever-increasing audience, ORME developed new guidance
to further ensure Agency compliance with the amended Paperwork Reduction Act.
ORME also actively promoted use of consultation and consensual activities in
issue resolution, decisionmaking and negotiation, and coordinated with the Office
of Air and Radiation to include consensus processes and regulatory negotiations
in planning for new Clean Air Act regulations.
Work on the ESP included publication of the "Guide to Key Environmental
Statistics in the U.S. Government," and initiation of data acquisition and
development of a mockup of the State of the Environment Report. ORME played a
significant role in developing the Science Advisory Board report, Reducing^ Risk:
Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection, which recommends
that the Agency target its efforts on the basis of opportunities for the greatest
risk reduction. Economic research and analysis efforts emphasized environmental
accounting, analysis of the benefits affected by regulations, the effects of
introducing economic incentives to encourage pollution prevention measures, and
evaluation of the ability of local governments to pay the costs of compliance
with environmental requirements. ORME held the 6th Annual Conference on
Statistics, offered "Statistics for Managers" through the EPA Institute, and
provided statistical consultation to program offices.
OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION(OFF)
19 92 P ro g r am Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $8,609,000 supported by 71.6 workyears for
this program, of which $6,171,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,437,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $100,100 and an increase of
$937,700 respectively, and an increase of 1.0 total workyears from 1991. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects the transfer of some extramural
resources to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation with a
subsequent increase there. However, the intramural portion of Salaries and
Expenses increases to support an additional workyear for pollution prevention,
and increased personnel and support costs.
OFF will continue to advance two major Agency initiatives: pollution
prevention and strategic planning. J.n 1992, the Agency will proceed with
development and implementation of the national pollution prevention program,
including implementation of its responsibilities under the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990. Implementation will be guided by the Agency strategies that are
under development in 1991. The activities will include outreach to business and
the public, coordination within the Agency, with Federal agencies and state
governments, and analytical work. Outreach will involve work with industry to
identify the benefits of pollution prevention, and education and information for
the public to use as consumers. Coordination will involve use of the Agency's
existing authorities, both regulatory and non-regulatory, to promote pollution
prevention. The analytical work will involve assessment of progress, analysis
of the economic benefits of pollution prevention, and analysis of barriers to and
incentives for pollution prevention.
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OPP will manage the Agency-wide strategic planning process for 1994*1997.
It will work with the Office of the Comptroller to assure that the plans are
reflected in the 1994 budget formulation process. OFF will manage and refine the
Strategic Targeted Activities for Results System (STARS), the Action Tracking
System (ATS), and work to integrate program and budget databases. Measures of
activities accomplished will be complemented with measures of environmental
results, thereby enabling programs' effectiveness to be evaluated by comparing
program outputs with environmental improvement indicators. Staff will work with
program office managers to develop appropriate indicators so that STARS can
analyze and report on environmental trends. In addition, work with the Regions
will continue to assure that the capability to make risk-based decisions is
developed in the Regions and states. OPP will also make sure that Regional
comparative risk studies and strategic plans are fully reflected in program
budgets, which reflects an increasing focus on the role of states in EPA planning
and management decisions,
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,771,400 supported by 70.6
total workyears, of which $6,271,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $1,500,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is developing and implementing elements of a national pollution
prevention program, including its responsibilities under the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, which involves EPA, other Federal agencies, industries, and the
American public. To accomplish this, OPP is implementing a pollution prevention
strategy that focuses on pollution from industrial point sources. The Office is
developing analytical tools that can be used by both the Federal government and
the private sector to identify the economic benefits of pollution prevention.
To mobilize EPA activity, the Office is preparing a strategy that articulates how
the Agency's strategic planning process and other management systems will be
utilized to promote pollution prevention. Further, the Office is developing a
process that assures full and explicit consideration of pollution prevention
opportunities in the Agency's development of regulations. To mobilize actions
outside the Agency, the Office continues to implement an aggressive outreach
program that involves business and industry, citizen and consumer organizations,
and all levels of government in promoting the nation's pollution prevention
efforts. Finally, the Office, working with other Federal agencies, is developing
a program for promoting pollution prevention by providing information to the
public on the environmental implications of consumer products.
OPP is implementing the Administrator's four-year strategic planning
process. At the national level, OPP is working with the Agency's media offices
to refine their strategic plans by better articulating truly environmental
program goals, formulating strategies that address the serious environmental
risks managed by those programs, and developing indicators of progress toward
program environmental goals. The Office is working with the Agency's support
offices to develop strategic plans that complement the efforts of media office
programs. The Office supports the efforts of EPA's Regional offices to refine
and implement strategic plans based on individual comparative risk assessments
completed by each of the ten Regions over the past several years. OPP also
supports STARS and ATS to monitor progress of programs toward completion of their
important statutory and programmatic objectives.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $4,110,300 supported by 49.8 total workyears,
of which $3,287,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$$822,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
OPP advanced the Administrator's strategic planning and budgeting process
in several ways. The Office worked with headquarters media offices to develop
more refined strategic plans, including ways to measure progress toward
environmental goals with appropriate indicators. It completed development of an
overall process for involving support and Regional offices in long-range planning
and budgeting. It managed the annual planning and budgeting cycle, in
cooperation with the Agency's Comptroller, to assure that long-range strategic
planning decisions were incorporated into the Agency's annual budget request.
The Office also managed STARS and ATS to monitor the Agency's progress toward the
completion of its statutory and programmatic objectives. In addition, OPP
conducted investigations and analyses at the request of clients within the
Agency: the RCRA Implementation Study, Effluent Guidelines Development Study,
and Evaluation of the Hazardous Waste Ombudsman Program*
POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM (PPP) GRANTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $4,000,000 from 1991 due to the one-time cost associated with the
1991 Congressional add-on for pollution prevention grants.
In 1992, these resources will fund approximately 14 new pollution
prevention demonstration programs. These demonstration programs will provide
innovative pollution prevention applications for specific industries, geographic
environments, or pollutants that are transferable to states, localities and the
private sector. Awards will be made on the basis of a competitive process to
assure that dollars are distributed to the most promising and most effective
pollution prevention efforts. OPP will also fund evaluations of these grants,
a conference to promote the results, as well as information dissemination
activities for states, localities, and other entities.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,000,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
resources are funding approximately 32 new pollution prevention demonstration
programs. The demonstration programs provide innovative pollution prevention
applications for specific industries, geographic environments, or pollutants that
are transferrable to states and localities. Awards are being made on the basis
of a competitive process to assure that dollars are distributed to the most
promising and most effective pollution prevention efforts. OPP is also funding
evaluations of these grants, a conference to display the results, as well as
information dissemination activities for states, localities and other entities.
Congressional Directives. A total of $4,000,000 is for the Congressionally
directed grants for additional pollution prevention projects.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,825,900 supported by 17.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,088,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,737,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, OPP's pollution prevention program worked to develop
the internal capacity to meet three major goals: (1) providing sound industrial,
economic, and environmental data and analysis to support decisions favoring
pollution prevention by both public and private decisionraakers; (2) coordinating
Agency activity to promote effective pollution prevention efforts by EPA media,
support, and Regional offices; and (3) implementing an aggressive outreach
program consisting of information, assistance, and coordination to promotion
pollution prevention activities by industry, all levels of government, and the
American public.
In 1990, the Agency largely completed work on the general Agency pollution
prevention strategy. Other Agency products included expansion of the national
clearinghouse for pollution prevention, and a hotline for information about
technologies, substitutions, and documentation of approaches that are known to
be effective. GPP focused its efforts on state programs by issuing grants to
support multi-state institutions that promoted training, information exchange,
and coordination among states for pollution prevention. The program evaluated
state pollution prevention legislation to develop a better understanding of statft
authorities and to identify opportunities for better coordination between state
authorities, and Federal government activities. It also funded 26 pollution
prevention demonstration projects through a competitive grants process. The
grants supported innovative pollution prevention and recycling efforts, outreach
through guidance and literature development, and demonstration projects with key
industries.
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Office of
Administration and
Resources
Management
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses
Registration and
Expedited Processing
$2,146.6 $1,561.A $1,561.3 $1,608.0
$28.5 $28.5
TOTAL $2,146.6 $1,589.9 $1,589.8 $1,608.0
$7,929.1 $9,284.3 $9,284.1 $9,778.1
$16.6 $150.0 $150.0
TOTAL $7,945.7 $9,434.3 $9,434.1 $9.778.1
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
$5,808.7 $7,216.5 $7,226,2 $7,661.8
$257.6 $2,349.4 $2,349.4 $2,349.4
$29.1 $60.0 $60.0
TOTAL $6,095.4 $9,625.9 $9,635.6 $10.011.2
Office of Hunan
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses
Reregistrati on and
Expedited Processing
$9,095.0 $9,366.3 $9,366.1 $10,089,8
$75.4 $180.0 $180.0
TOTAL $9,170.4 $9,546.3 $9,546.1 $10,089.8
Organization and Health
Services
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$2,720.3 $3,320.6 $3,320.6 $3,507.4
$2.720.3 $3,320.6 $3,320.6 $3,507.4
$12,544.7 $13,295.3 $13,295.1 $14,102.3
$34.0 $257.4 $257.4
Facilities
Management and Services
Salaries & Expenses
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
$46.7
-$28.5
$18.2
$494.0
-$150.0
$344.0
$435.6
0.0
-$60.0
$375.6
$723.7
-$180.0
$543.7
$186.8
$186.8
$807.2
-$257.4
TOTAL $12,578.7 $13,552.7 $13,552.5 $14,102.3 $549.8
$8,496.1 $8,261.2 $8,260.9 $8,926.0 $665.1
$83.2 $163.6 $163.6 -$163.6
TOTAL $8,579.3 $8,424.8 $8,424.5 $8,926.0 $501.5
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses $10,718.5 $11,804.4 $11,794.3 $12,462.7 $668.4
Abatement Control and $699.5 *1,099.5 $1,099.5 $1,599.5 $500.0
Cornpl 1 ance
Reregistration and $32.1 $30.5 $30.5 -$30,5
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $11,450.1 $12,934.4 $12,924.3 $14,062.2 $1,137.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $59,459.0 $64,110.0 $64,108.6 $68,136.1 $4,027.5
Abatement Control and $957.1 $3,448.9 $3,448.9 $3,948.9 $500.0
Compliance
Reregistration and $270.4 $870.0 $870.0 -$870.0
Expedited Processing
Agency Management TOTAL $60,686.5 $68,428.9 $68,427.5 $72,085.0 $3,657.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Program Management - 22.7 22.4 22.4 22.4 0.0
Administration
Financial Management 125.9 136.0 136.0 137.0 1.0
Headquarters
Office of the 79.1 86.* 95.4 100.9 5.5
Comptroller
Office of Human 158.9 181,4 181.4 183.4 2.0
Resources Management
Organization and Health 40.9 50.5 50.5 50.5 0.0
Services
Contracts and Grants 223.0 254.9 249.9 252.9 3.0
Management
Facilities 174.9 180.7 180.7 183.7 3.0
Management and Services
information Systems I 157.2 182.4 178.4 182.4 4.0
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT VIQRKYEARS 982.6 1,094.7 1,094.7 1,113.2 18.5
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
TOTAL WORKtEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Office of Human
Resources Management
Organization and Health
Services
Contracts and Grants
Management
Facilities
Management and Services
Information Systems &
Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS
28.S 22.4 22.4 22.4
130.4 136.0 136.0 137.0
82.2 86.4 95.4 100.9
170.1 181.4 181.4 183.4
44.0
50.5 50.5
50.5
229.6 254.9 249.9 252.9
183.4 180.7 180.7 183.?
164.6 182.4 178.4 182.4
1,032.8 1,094.7 1,094.7 1,113.2
0.0
1.0
5.5
2.0
0.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
18.5
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
gudget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,085,000 and 1,113.2 total workyears for
1992, an increase of $4,527,500 and 18.5 total workyears from 1991. Of the
request, $68,136,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$3,948,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation. This
represents an increase of $4,027,500 in S&E and an increase of $500,000 in AC&C.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT- ADMINISTRATION
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,608,000 supported by 22.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 21.9 for the Salaries and expenses
appropriation and 0.5 for the FIFRA Fund. This represents an increase of $46,700
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This increase reflects increased
personnel and expense needs. The Office will provide overall guidance as well
as program and administrative support for OARM, direct and manage OARM's
resources, administer and report on OARM's portion of the Administrator's Action
Tracking System (ATS) and the Strategic Targeted Activities for Results System
(STARS), and conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of
the Agency. This office will also coordinate and consolidate OARM's internal
control reporting, ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information Act and
Agency audit recommendations, and oversee OARM information management needs.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,589,800 supported by 22.4
total workyears for this program, of which $1,561,300 and 21.9 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $28,500 and 0.5 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. These,resources are used for overall policy
direction and guidance to the Agency's management programs, budget development
and execution, review of organization and consolidation issues, internal control
reporting, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) coordination, ATS and STARS
reporting, and special analyses on management issues.
1990 Accompllshnients
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $2,146,600 supported by 28.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources were used to provide management and policy
direction, development and execution of OARM's budget, provide Action Tracking
and Strategic Planning and Management reports, internal control reporting and
responses to FOIA requests, and conduct special analyses and projects.
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of §9,778,100 supported by 137.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 136.5 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0,5 for the FIFRA Fund. This represents an increase of
§494,000 and 1.0 in total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and expense
needs. The increase in workyears will provide support for the new Chief
Financial Officers' (GFO) legislation. This will satisfy the audited financial
statements requirement in the CFQ legislation. The office will provide
enhancements to the Integrated Financial Management System (IFHS) to meet Agency
reporting requirements and integrate administrative systems in support of OMB
Circular A-127. These enhancements will require additional data analysis, module
testing, policies and procedures, contract management support, and training of
Headquarters and Regional staff. Other initiatives include: (1) Strengthening
the financial integrity of basic operations by supporting initiatives that
improve the delivery of financial services to clients and implement strong
quality assurance for all functions and locations", (2) Improving analytic and
reporting capabilities by developing a program directed at improving financial
data analysis and enhancing reporting capabilities; (3) Maintaining a long range
strategic planning program to identify future objectives and achieve them in a
planned and logical manner; and (4) Conducting quality assurance reviews to
improve financial integrity. This request will also allow Headquarters,
Cincinnati, l*as Vegas and Research Triangle Park offices to provide necessary
financial accounting and fiscal services.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of §9,434,100 supported by 136.0
total workyears for this program, of which $9,284,100 and 135.5 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $150,000 and 0.5 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. These resources provide a full array of financial
services to EPA managers, including: payroll, accounting, debt collection,
accounts payable and policy guidance. This program also manages the Agency's
IFHS. The 1991 program emphasis is on implementing the Office of Management and
Budget's Circular A-127 requirements, performing reviews required by Section 4
of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982, implementing a new
adhoc report writer, maintaining the timeliness of payments processed as required
by the Prompt Payment Act, exploring further cash management initiatives, and
moving the IFMS towards compliance with General Accounting Office (GAD)
standards.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,945,700 supported by 130.4 total
workyears, of which $7,929,100 and 129.9 total workyears was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $16,600 and 0.5 total workyears from the FIFRA
fund. With these resources, the Agency improved the financial services provided
by Headquarters and Research Triangle Park financial operations, implemented
standard quality assurance programs for the Agency, and stabilized the operations
and improved performance of the IFMS.
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OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,011,200 supported by 100,9 total
workyears for this program. Total dollars will include §7,661,800 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,349,400 for the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears will include 99.9 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 1.0 for the FIF1A Fund. This represents an increase
of $435,600 and 5.5 workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and expense needs.
The increase in workyears will support management integrity activities. These
resources will provide us with the capabilities to perform all mandatory
activities associated with OMB and Congressional budget submissions for 1993 and
1994, provide budget analyses and reports to Agency program offices, and maintain
an allocation, control and review system for all workyear and financial
resources. The Office will continue its focus on developing a quality assurance
program to ensure corrective actions resulting from audit recommendations are
tracked and completed, and maintaining EPA's Quality and Productivity Improvement
Program which will reduce costs and enhance program effectiveness across the
Agency. The Comptroller will also continue to implement the Federal Managers'
Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA), and OMB Circulars A-76, and A-127, and continue
support for the Agency's Public-Private Partnership efforts.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,635,600 supported by 95.4
total workyears for this program, of which $7,226,200 and 94.4 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $2,349,400 is from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and $60,000 and 1.0 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. With these resources the Office of the
Comptroller prepares the 1992 budget request, develops current and outyear budget
guidance to program and Regional offices, analyzes budget issues, develops and
implements Agency budget policy, administers and provides policy guidance to EPA
managers on a range of fiscal concerns, supports the Environmental Financial
Advisory Board (EFAB) and continues efforts to build a strong Public-Private
Partnership program, supports the Agency Quality and Productivity Improvement
activities, supports the Administrator's Senior Council on Management Controls,
and continues implementation of FMFIA requirements and OMB Circulars A-76 and A-
127.
1990Accoap11shments ;
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,095,400 supported by 82.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,808,700 and 81.8 total workyears was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $257,600 from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation and $29,100 and 0.4 total workyears from the FIFRA fund.
With these resources, this program managed the development of the 1991 Operating
Plans, provided budget and policy guidance to Program and Regional offices for
the 1992 budget requests, performed oversight of audit resolution and follow-up,
continued implementation of the FMFIA, continued EPA's Productivity Improvement
Program and provided support for the EFAB, established and supported the Senior
Council on Management Controls, and continued Pub lie-Private Partnership efforts,
including demonstration projects across the country.
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CONTRACTS AND GRANTSMANAGEMENT- HEADQUARTERS
1992Program Request
Hie Agency requests a total of $14,102,300 supported by 252,9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 247.9 for .the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 5.0 for the FIFRA Fund. "This represents an increase of
$807,200 and 3.0 total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for salary and expense needs.
The increase in workyears will fund growing contract placement activities as a
result of the Clean Air Act and support suspension and debarment activities. The
request will enable the Agency to process and award new contracts and purchase
orders, manage and close out existing contracts, train project officers and
contracting officers, evaluate contractor cost proposals, process contract
terminations and claims, and provide technical review, policy guidance, and
administrative oversight and management to the three procurement operations in
Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park (RTF). In the grants area,
resources will allow the Agency to develop and interpret regulations, policy and
procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide assistance programs; award
and administer Headquarters grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and
interagency agreements; provide outreach to the Regions, states and Federal
assistance recipients; continue to modify, update, and simplify assistance
regulations; continue in-house audit and cost analyses; increase suspension and
debarment actions to combat waste, fraud and abuse in Federal assistance and
procurement programs; implement the Clean Air Act Amendments and enhance the role
of the Agency's Grants Information System Management Council.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,552,500 supported by 249.9
total workyears for this program, of which $13,295,100 and 244.9 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $257,400 and 5.0 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. These resources are being used to perform a full
range of grants and contract activities including awarding and managing
contracts, grants, loans, purchase orders, and interagency agreements. This also
includes negotiating indirect cost rates, processing terminations and claims,
managing procurement operations at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTF, publishing
a government-wide consolidated debarment regulation, developing suspension and
debarment cases under the EPA assistance and procurement program, strengthening
internal grant management controls, building Region/state/recipient capacity,
addressing regulation and policy development (continuing to implement the new
State Revolving Fund policy,) finalizing the implementation of a new automated
assistance document system, developing an automated Congressional Notification
System, and providing project and contracting officer training.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $12,578,700 supported by 229.6
total workyears for this program, of which $12,544,700 and 229.1 total workyears
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $34,000 and 0,5 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. The major accomplishments in this program area
included increased emphasis on contract management, continued implementation of
the Federal Acquisition Regulation, improvement of the contract planning system
11-61
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and automated procurement and grants document systems, issuance of additional
awards for the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Program, development of a Grants
Information System Management Council and the implementation of an automated
grant document system In the Regions. We also published the Drug Free Workplace
Act Regulations, took noncompliance actions and recovered Federal funds from
program participants who abused the privileges of Federal assistance, developed
and issued policy and guidance for the State Revolving Fund and consolidated the
assistance management functions in the Regions to improve internal controls.
ORGANIZATION AMD HEALTH SERVICES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,507,400 supported by 50.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $186,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and expense needs. The Agency will continue to coordinate
the management of the planning, design, construction and move processes for a new
consolidated Agency headquarters, and focus on construction planning and
coordination. Particular emphasis will be placed on interior/exterior design
monitoring as well as developing a management oversight mechanism. Our
environmental compliance program will continue to perform audits and provide
technical assistance and training to Agency laboratories. Waste minimization
will be a new area receiving emphasis. Our health and safety program will
continue to monitor Agency workspace for safe and healthful working conditions
and provide technical assistance and training. In addition to providing
management and organization services required by the reauthorization of EPA's
major statutes and the anticipated elevation of EPA to a cabinet-level
department, we will expand our efforts to ensure that Agency organizations,
management systems and processes are as efficient and effective as possible by
conducting management and organization analytical studies; overseeing the
Agency's directives systems; managing the development and review of Agency-wide
delegations of authority and reorganizations; managing the Agency's public
advisory committees; coordinating the Agency's participation in the activities
of the President's Council on Management Improvement; administering management
advisory and support services contracts; and providing technical assistance on
management and organization issues.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,320,600 supported by 50.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources will provide high quality management assistance
to all Agency organizations. Assistance will enable the Agency to respond to
complex environmental issues such as pollution prevention, risk reduction and
technology transfer. Delegations of authority and organizational analyses will
strengthen management processes and streamline organizations. Planning for the
new Headquarters facility will involve identification of a developer who best
meets the Agency's functional requirements. Resources will be devoted to
refining specific evaluation criteria, conducting detailed evaluation of
developer proposals and completing specific site analyses. We will provide
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leadership to implement environmental regulations and provide a safe, healthful
work environment for Agency employees through the development of policy, guide-
lines and technical support.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $2,720,300 supported by 44.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was. from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. A comprehensive review of the correspondence process serving the
Administrator's Office led to the establishment of an Agency Executive
Secretariat. Management analysis and contract assistance resulted in a series
of organizational and management improvements for Agency responsibilities
required by current and new environmental legislation. Additionally, technical
support resulted in the establishment of four new Agency advisory committees.
The planning process for the new headquarters facility involved refinement of
previously established technical requirements incorporating a number of
environmental considerations, including pollution prevention, energy conservation
and indoor air quality. Environmental compliance program evaluation, training
and technical support was provided to our laboratories in the areas of
environmental compliance and health and safety.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,926,000 supported by 183.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 181.7 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 2.0 total workyears for the FIFRA Fund. This represents an
increase of $665,100 and 3.0 total workyears in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and expense needs. With these increased workyears the Agency will
administer the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Buildings and
Facilities budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping services, and
monitor and direct contractor resources under support contracts, with particular
efforts to improve working conditions at the Waterside Mall Complex. One
additional workyear will provide for facility operations in Research Triangle
Park, NC in support of the Clean Air Act.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,424,500 supported by 180.7
total workyears for this program, of which $8,260,900 and 178.7 total workyears
ate from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $163,600 and 2.0 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. These funds are being used to provide timely,
high quality and cost effective facilities management and support services for
EPA facilities in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTF), North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio. These resources provide on-going services in the areas of
property and space management, operational services, office support services,
real estate and lease enforcement support, transportation management, printing
and publication operations, security services, and facilities design and
construction management. We are continuing our improvement efforts at the
Waterside Mall Complex.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $8,579,300 supported by 183.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,496,100 and 182.3 total workyears were
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $83,200 and 1.1 total workyears
from the FIFRA fund. With these resources the Agency provided responsive
facilities management services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTF and
Cincinnati, established better administrative controls over property management,
and effectively managed space needs. We also initiated planning for the new
Headquarters facility, improved ventilation throughout Waterside Mall and
improved security services. This program supervised the design and construction
of a new water quality monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon; the design
of the clinical inhalation research lab in Chapel Hill, North Carolina; the
construction of the radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama; the design of
the new Biotechnology Lab in Gulf Breeze, Florida; and the design of the Edison,
New Jersey Laboratory,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,062,200 supported by 182.4 total
workyears for this program of which $12,462,700 and 181.9 total workyears will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, 0.5 total workyears will be for
the FIFRA Fund and $1,599,500 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $668,400 and 4.0 total workyears, and an increase of $500,000
in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from 1991. The increase
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation will support data
integration efforts. The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and expense needs. The increase in workyears will support collection
and dissemination of environmental data, support management of Agency-wide
automated data processing (ADP) service contracts and provide for information
security to ensure the national data systems have proper information security
protocol. The requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current
centrally administered information systems and services in support of EPA
programs and the public. This program provides the personnel to manage the
Agency's central and distributed computing and data transmission network, major
administrative and programmatic data systems, and library services. In addition,
these resources will permit the Agency to continue to strengthen information
resources management including long and short-range ADP planning, ADP security,
records management, software and data standards, internal controls on information
resources, and systems modernization. Technical support is provided for the
Regional geographic information systems (CIS) effort and emphasis is placed on
improving data sharing and integration with state environmental agencies. The
data integration efforts will be expanded to assist the Agency in more extensive
cross-media analysis for better risk-based decisions and more comprehensive
compliance and enforcement actions. Further efforts will be taken to support
international activities in environmental data sharing and information exchange.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,924,300 supported by 178.4
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total workyears for this program of which $11,794,300 and 177.9 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,099,500 is from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and $30,500 and 0,5 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. Continued efforts will be devoted to improved
information systems planning by EPA programs, strengthening information security,
and enhancing the Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS). Major progress
was made to integrate State/EPA data systems and improve the exchange of
environmental data. All the states became involved in this effort through direct
telecommunications link-up to the Agency's national databases. The Systems
Development Center supports the modernization of national data systems that serve
critical areas of the Agency's mission. The Center has begun to develop
applications for cross-media use. This program also supported extensive efforts
in international data sharing, including involvements with other countries,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $11,450,100 supported by 164.6
total workyears for this program, of which $10,718,500 and 164.0 total workyears
was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $699,500 was from the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation and $32,100 and 0.6 total workyears from the
FIFRA fund. During 1990, EPA continued to expand its implementation of the IFMS.
Significant enhancements were accomplished in many of the administrative systems
such as property, payroll, grants and state revolving fund information system.
Significant progress was made in the internal information security program and
in the establishment of internal information management policy guidelines. Phase
I of our State/EPA Data Management Program data sharing was successfully
implemented in over forty-five states. Data integration efforts began in many
of the Regions and participating states. The CIS activities were in progress
Regionally with many significant environmental projects under analysis. The
Systems Development Center was established to assist in the development and
enhancement of our national program data systems.
OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $10,089,800 supported by 183.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 180.4 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 3.0 for the FIFRA Fund. This represents an increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $'723,700 and 2.0 total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased salary and expense needs.
Increased workyears will support expansion of the National Recruitment Program
enhancing college relations with schools with high concentrations of culturally
diverse students and support the Clean Air Act. We will also continue to support
position management, classification, performance management, pay administration,
personnel and payroll processing, labor management and employee relations, and
technical assistance and advisory services. Initiatives which will be
institutionalized include; Total Quality Management (TQM), extension of the EPA
Institute, delivery of programs dealing with important workplace issues,
expansion of workforce planning and streamlining employment and position
classification programs, and developing and implementing executive and management
development programs.
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1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $9,546,100 supported by 181,4
total workyears for the program, of which $9,366,100 and 178.4 total workyears
are from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $180,000 and 3.0 total
workyears from the FIFRA fund. These resources will provide professional and
administrative recruitment services, selection and placement of new employees,
centralized examination and referral services, position management,
classification and job analysis, advice to management on labor management and
employee relations, employee and management development services, personnel and
payroll processing, and policy guidance and national support. Among the Human
Resources initiatives to be introduced in 1991 are the development and
implementation of the new recruitment marketing strategy and the development and
implementation of the core college relations program. EPA will actively
participate in developing the federal strategy on pay reform and will develop and
implement a strategy for pay reform at the Agency. We will conduct a major TQM
training and implementation effort in the Agency and will complete the Cultural
Diversity Study.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $9,170,400 supported by 170.1 total
workyears for the program, of which $9,095,000 and 168.7 total workyears were
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $75,400 and 1.4 total workyears
from the FIFRA fund. The Agency provided comprehensive human resource services,
implemented and expanded key Human Resources initiatives, including the model
Agency-wide Leave Bank Program for the Federal government, conducted the research
to revamp the national recruitment program and identified colleges and
universities which will serve as the core of a college relations program directed
at schools with high concentrations of black, Hispanic, Native American, disabled
and women students. We also provided workforce information to supervisors and
managers, accepted some delegated authority, and implemented employment
flexibilities to streamline the employment process. We also developed a process
and support system for the introduction of TQM in the Agency and began a major
analysis of cultural diversity issues at EPA.
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Regional
Management
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
; Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management ,....,, .... 11-67
Resource Management - Regions ... 11-69
Financial Management - Regions ' . . 11-69
Human Resources Management - Regions . 11-70
Contracts and Grants Management — Regions . . 11—71
Administrative Management - Regions ... 11-72
Regional Management ......... 11-72
Regional Counsel 11-73
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-74
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries S Expenses
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
$1,637.0 $1,917.2 $1,917.2 $1,961.0
TOTAL $1,637,0 $1,917.2 $1.917,2 $1,961.0
$264.0 $5,479.8 $5,479.8 $5,606.0
TOTAL $264.0 $1,479,8 $5,479.8 $5,606,0
$4,514,7 $4,594.8 $4,594.8 $6,026.3
TOTAL $4,514.7 $4,594.8 $4,594.8 $6,026.3
$13,845.9 $16,158.3 $16,158.1 $16,813.7
TOTAL $13,845.9 $16,158.3 $16,158.1 $16,813.7
.Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Reg i ons
Salaries & Expenses
Human Resources Ngt -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management TOTAL
$4,278.6 $4,822.4 $4,822.4 $5,369.1
$4,278.6 $4,822.4 $4,822.4 $5,369.1
$3,251.5 $3,815.8 $3,815,8 $3,904.0
$3,251.5 $3,815.8 $3,815,8 $3,904.0
$3,865.3 $4,463.0 $4,463.0 $4,567.0
$3,865.3 $4,463.0 $4,463.0 $4,567.0
$7,506,8 $8,370.6 $S,37ft.3 $8,776.0
$7,506.8 $8,370.6 $8,370.3 $8,776.0
$39,163.8 $49,621.9 $49,621.4 $53,023.1
$39,163.8 $49,621.9 $49,621.4 $53,023.1
$43.8
$43,8
$126.2
$126,2
$1,431.5
$1,431.5
$655.6
$655.6
$546.7
$546.7
$88.2
$88.2
$104.0
$104.0
$405.7
$405.7
$3,401.7
$3,401.7
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Resource Management -
Regions
Contracts £ Grants
Management - Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - legions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources Hit -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
31.8
39.0
39.0
40.8
6.4 117.8 117.8 129.7
1.8
11.9
77.7 90.0 90.0 10E.2 12.2
195.0 188.6 188.6 197.0 8.4
81.3 97.8 97.8 101.4 3.6
83.9 86.2 86.2 95,4 9.2
84.2 95.7 95.7 102.8 7.1
161.7 177.7 177.7 192.7 15.0
722.0 892.8 892.8 962.0 69.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Contracts & Grants
Management • Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources Mgt -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL UORKYEARS
35.7
40.8
40.8
40.8
6.7 119.7 119.7 129.7
84.3 95.2 95.2 102.2
213.3 197.0 19J.O 197.0
88.7 101.4 101.4 101.4
88.1
89.4 89.4
95.4
93.3 102.8 102.8 . 102.1
182.0 185.7 185.7 192.7
792.1 932.0 932.0 962.0
0.0
10.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
7.0
30.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $53,023,100 supported by 962.0 total
workyears for 1992, an increase of $3,401,700 and 30.0 total workyears from 1991.
All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,961,000 supported by 40.8 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $43,800 and no change in total workyears from 1991.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and
expense needs. This level of funding supports Regional resource management and
control activities, including budget and operating plan development and workload
analysis. In addition, these resources will allow the Regional offices to
continue implementing the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act and further
strengthen funds control.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,917,200 supported by 40.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource
analysis functions and implement the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
in the ten Regional offices.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,637,000 supported by 35.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively
and efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,904,000 supported by 95.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $88,200 and 6.0 total workyears
from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated
salary and expense needs. The increase in workyears will support financial
activities associated with the new Chief Financial Officers' (CFO) legislation.
It also provides the capability to continue conducting internal control reviews
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as required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982 as well as
Cash Management Reviews mandated by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. This
level of funding will allow the financial management offices to provide basic
financial services and maintain on-going financial management functions. The
financial management offices will continue to provide accounting, payment
processing, billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts,
purchase orders, and all other financial transactions as well as payroll support
and general ledger activities.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,815,800 supported by 89.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,251,500 supported by 88.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices provided
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,567,000 supported by 102.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $104,000 from 1991. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary and expense needs.
The resources will allow Regional personnel offices to meet basic regulatory
requirements and maintain current service levels. These services include
processing recruitment and classification actions, entering data and updates to
the Agency's payroll system, providing advisory services and reorganization
reviews, administering the grievance system, negotiating with unions, and
managing the Performance Management and Recognition System.
199.1 Program ,;
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,463,000 supported by 102.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local human resource
management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing, and classification
actions, conduct position management and pay administration, process personnel
and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and disciplinary action
procedures, provide employment development and training, consult and negotiate
with local unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional managers on the
above functions.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,865,300 supported by 93.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regional personnel offices provided on-
going personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' program
operations and goals, provided better training programs for Regional employees,
and initiated human resources management programs.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,606,000 supported by 129.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $126,200 and 10.0 total workyears
from the 1991 program. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and expense needs. Increased workyears will support management
integrity activities by providing clear accountability and a system of checks and
balances in Grants Administration. The grants program awards, administers and
manages cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for program activities.
Special emphasis will be placed on accountability and ensuring that every
assistance award complies with regulatory and policy requirements and that
recipients have the financial, procurement and property systems to account for
and safeguard Federal funds. In addition small purchase support will continue
to be provided at our Regional Offices.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,479,800 and 119.7 total
workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provide
the Regional program offices with small purchase support and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage cooperative and interagency
agreements. 1991 represents the full effect of the consolidation of regional
grants administration functions in this program element. Grants Administration
activities will provide clear accountability for business administration
responsibilities, promote the efficient utilization of resources by providing a
core of business expertise and provide a "checks and balance" relationship to
assure achievement of both programmatic and administrative objectives necessary
for program integrity.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $264,000 and 6.7 total workyears
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided the
Regional program offices with small purchase support and grants management to
effectively award, administer and manage cooperative and interagency agreements.
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ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,776,000 supported by 192,7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $405,700 and 7.0 total workyears
from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated
salary and expense needs. Increased workyears will expand data integration
efforts to assist the Agency in more extensive collection and dissemination of
environmental data and support geographic information systems (CIS) activities.
Resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative management services
that include maintaining administrative information systems and minicomputer
operations, ensuring automated data processing (ADP) operations support for
Regional programs, managing word processing equipment and ADP systems
acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management. Development of state
data management plans to ensure efficient and reliable methods of State/EPA data
sharing will receive priority attention. In addition, this program will ensure
the safety and security of Regional personnel, manage property and supplies,
provide general office services, and provide program management for all support
services.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,370,300 supported by 185.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
administrative management activities in the areas of information management,
health and safety and environmental compliance, and facilities support. This
program will continue to improve methods for EPA and states to share
environmental data.
1990Accomplishmentg
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,506,800 supported by 182.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regions provided administrative
management services and implemented information management plans to increase use
of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications lines to
achieve cost saving and productivity gains.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1992 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,813,700 supported by 197.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $655,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The budget request will enable the Regional offices
to continue to shape and articulate policy for state and local governments;
respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public; establish
regular communications with public interest, environmental and business groups;
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maintain an effective Equal Employment Opportunity program, process Freedom of
Information requests issue critical news releases; and assist in Regional
analytical activities,
.1.991.. Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a. total of $16,158,100 and 197.0 total
workyemrs for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1991 we continue to emphasize coordination and dissemination
of the increasing number of information requests including Freedom of Information
requests, which are increasing by approximately 20 percent per year. The program
will continue issuing critical news releases, maintaining a Regional Equal
Employment program, responding to Congressional inquiries, and coordinating EPA
involvement in major state environmental issues.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $13,845,900 and 213.3 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate
staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional
and intergovernmental activities, the equal employment opportunity function, and
responses to Freedom of Information Act requests.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,026,300 supported by 102,2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,431,500 and an increase of 7.0
total workyears from 1991. The increase will provide for additional staff to
implement the Clean Air Act, support Indian programs, and to support
administrative hearings, and for increased personnel and support costs.
The Offices of Regional Counsel (ORC) will continue to handle defensive
litigation involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs, review Regional rulemaking actions, assist states
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities, and support Agency contract and assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions. Three additional workyears will be devoted to addressing Clean Air Act
implementation responsibilities including review of new state implementation plan
submissions and program delegations for new statutory provisions. Two additional
workyears will support the Agency's management integrity initiative by providing
for hearing officers and hearing clerks for administrative hearings. Two
additional workyears will increase legal support to Indian tribes to operate
their own environmental protection programs.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,594,800 supported by 95.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
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appropriation. The ORCs handle defensive litigation involving principally
Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional programs, review
Regional rulemaking actions, and assist States by reviewing State program
delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal authorities.
Additionally, the ORCs continue to support Agency assistance and procurement
programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protest, and debarment and
suspension actions.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of §4,514,700 supported by 84.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1990, the ORGs supported Agency priorities by providing legal
advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency in litigation.
They also advised on actions such as grants, contracts, and personnel actions.
Additionally, the ORCs' activities included advising State agencies on the legal
requirements for assuming environmental protection programs, assisting in
drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to negotiate and document
the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING. EVALUATION. .AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1992 Program Requ.es t
The Agency requests a total of $5,369,100 supported by 101.4 workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase from 1991 of $546,700 due to increased personnel and
support costs.
The ten Regions will carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis activities. These activities will include developing four-year
strategic plans, and one-year Regional strategies using comparative risk analyses
to target resources for enhanced risk reduction; preparing accountability
reports; evaluating programs; conducting management and regulatory analysis;
preparing risk assessment and risk management analyses; and conducting risk
training/communication courses to build technical capability and institutional
liaisons with states and others. In addition, Regions will perform activities
related to cross-media pollution prevention such as: implementation of EPA's
Pollution Prevention Strategy and Regional pollution prevention plans; adoption
of pollution prevention approaches in site-specific deeisionmaking; training and
education events for state and local governments, industry, and citizen groups;
oversight of state activities funded by pollution prevention grants; Integration
of pollution prevention into Regional risk management strategies; and support for
ffiulti-state Regional councils established specifically to deal with pollution
prevention initiatives.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,822,400 supported by 101.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
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The ten Regions are carrying out essential planning, evaluation and analysis
activities including strategic planning that uses comparative risk analysis for
development of strategic options; preparing accountability reports; evaluating
programs; conducting management and regulatory analyses; and conducting risk
assessment/management/coramunieation to support the development and implementation
of Regional risk reduction strategies. In addition, the Regions are performing
activities related to cross-media pollution prevention such as: implementation
of Regional pollution prevention plans; adoption of pollution prevention
approaches in site-specific decisionmaking; training and education events for
government, industry, and citizen groups; oversight of pollution prevention state
grant activities; integration of pollution prevention into Regional risk
management strategies; and support for multi-state Regional councils established
specifically to deal with pollution prevention initiatives,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,278,600 supported by 88.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
These resources provided staff needed to perform essential planning,
evaluation and analysis activities in all ten Regions. The Regions continued to
work with the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) to build planning
processes for setting priorities based on risk-reduction potential. The Regions
increased their risk assessment/management capability, initiated risk information
exchange programs among state environmental agencies, developed new risk
communication methods, and trained employees in risk analysis. Three Regions
worked with OPPE to develop Regional risk-reduction plans. Six Regions
established Regional pollution prevention demonstration programs. These cross-
media programs provided technical assistance and other support to states,
localities, and multi-state Regional advisory councils. Several Regions
sponsored projects which targeted pollution prevention opportunities for key
industrial facilities in environmentally sensitive areas, and another
demonstration Region integrated pollution prevention approaches into its
enforcement priority-setting work. Evaluations of these efforts commenced.
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Support Cost
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costa . . . , .............. 11-76
Professional Training . . »...« 11-78
.Nationwide Support Services . 11-79
Headquarters Support Services ... ...,„.. 11-79
Regional Support Services . 11-80
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-81
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-82
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-82
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances . , 11-83
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SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$439.0
$439.0
$474.0
$474.0
S474.0
$474.0
S474.0
$474.0
0.0
0.0
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses $536.5
TOTAL $536.5
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $74,598.1
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $74,598.1
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $46,558.0
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistration and $1,354.8
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $47,912.8
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $40,112.3
Office of Inspector
General
Reregistration and
Expedited Processing
TOTAL $40,112.3
Lab Support-Research &
Development
Salaries & Expenses $7,144.1
TOTAL $7,144.1
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses $1,852.4
TOTAL $1,852.4
$1,126.5 $1,126.3 $1,126.3 0.0
$1,126.5 $1,126.3 $1,126.3 0.0
$89,285.5 $89,194.7 $115,843.8 $26,649.1
$1,552.0 $1,552.0 $1,552.0 0.0
$1,072.5 $1,072.5 -$1,072.5
$91,910.0 $91,815.2 $117,395.8 $25,576.6
$56,444.7 $56,444.5 $64.131.2 $7,686.7
$580.0 $580.0 $613.0 $33.0
$1,025.0 $1,025.0 . -$1,025.0
$58,049.7 $58,049.5 $64.744.2 $6,694.7
$49,490.6 $49,466.5 $51,117.8 $1,651.3
$180.0 $180.0 $180.0 O.D
$75.0 $75.0 -$75.0
$49,745.6 $49,721.5 $51,297.8 $1,576.3
$114.1 $114.1 $114.1 0.0
$114.1 $114.1 $114.1 0.0
$1,953.3 $1,953.3 $1,953.3 0.0
$1,953.3 $1,953.3 $1,953.3 0.0
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SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 199Z VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $45,934.8 $47,193.3 147,593.2 $47,593.2 0.0
Abatement Control and $9,700.0 $9,700.0 -$9,700.0
Compliance
Office of Inspector $130,0 $130.0 $130.0 0.0
General
TOTAL $45,934.8 $57,423.3 $57,423.2 $47,723.2 -$9,700.0
TOTAL;
Salaries & Expenses $217,175.2 $246,482.0 $246,366.6 $282,353.7 $35,987.1
Abatement Control and $9,700.0 $9,700.0 -$9,700.0
Compliance
Office of Inspector $2,442.0 $2,442.0 $2,475.0 $33.0
General
Reregistrati on and $1,354.8 $2,172.5 $2,172.5 -$2,172.5
Expedited Processing
Support Costs TOTAL $218,530.0 $260,796.5 $260,681.1 $284,828.7 $24,147.6
11-77
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $284,828,700 for 1992, an increase of
$26,320,100 from 1991. Of the request, $282,353,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $2,475,000 will be for the Inspector General
appropriation.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,126,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change
from 1991. The Agency will offer training and development to professional,
technical and support staff. Scientific and technical courses will be developed.
The EPA Institute will add to its current offerings. Career counseling
activities will be enhanced in order to help employees improve their skills. In
the management area, EPA will continue to implement the comprehensive management
development program moving toward a full complement of training and development
opportunities for all levels of management. EPA will continue to support
expansion of the Total Quality Management (TQM) effort and will begin
implementing recommendations from the Cultural Diversity task force.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,126,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are
being used to develop and deliver a widening variety of training opportunities
through the EPA Institute. The Agency will emphasise assessment and career
counseling activities. Career development programs will increase the cross-
agency and cross-media experience of employees and managers, and improve their
ability to address complex environmental problems. EPA will continue to conduct
its core supervisory and managerial training courses at all management levels and
will develop additional courses on topical issues in the Agency. In addition,
EPA will begin implementing the comprehensive management development program.
Current activities of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development
Program, the Presidential Management Intern Program and the Greater Leadership
Opportunities (GLO) Program will be maintained. The Agency will continue to
support the career advisory committees and the Human Resources Council. The
Agency will provide support to the TQM implementation effort and will complete
the Cultural Diversity Study.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $536,500 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
training in the areas of supervisory management, executive development, clerical
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skills, and technical and scientific development. EPA Institute operations were
expanded in Regions and field locations. The Agency piloted courses in Cultural
Diversity and TQM, developed a comprehensive management development program, and
expanded GLO, a program targeted at helping women and minorities to advance.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1992 ProEram Request
The Agency requests a total of $117,395,800 for this program. Total dollars
will include $115,843,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,552,000 for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase
of $26,649,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation from 1991. The
increase provides for the 23% GSA rent increase and will cover additional space
rental and telecommunications needs as a result of Agency workyear increases, and
rate increases and cost escalations to service contracts. These funds will pay
for Agency-wide support costs including space rental, postage, Federal
Telecommunications System (FTS) and telecommunications costs, national security,
Code of Federal regulations typesetting, unemployment compensation, workmen's
compensation, health and safety and environmental compliance audits and personnel
support for Public Health Service commissioned officers.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $91,819,200 for this program,
of which $89,194,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $1,552,000
from the Inspector General Appropriation and $1,072,500 from the FIFRA fund.
These resources are being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide
services to the Agency workforce. The Agency is working with GSA to procure
additional space in Washington to help alleviate overcrowded conditions at the
Waterside Mall. We will continue on-going safety, health and environmental
management programs and initiate a marine safety program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $74,598,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications, information security, personal property
management, safety, health, and environmental management, including the
initiation of new programs in the areas of biological and radiological safety.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1992 Pro gram Re que s t
The Agency requests a total of $64,744,200 for this program. Total dollars
include $64,131,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $613,000 for
the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of $7,686,700
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $33,000 in the Inspector General
appropriation. The increase will provide for cost escalations to service
contracts, cover anticipated utility rate increases and provide support for
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Agency workyear Increases. It also supports data management activities which
will provide for data integration and the sharing of information with state and
local governments and allows for continuation of geographic information systems
(CIS) development. The data integration efforts will support the Agency emphasis
on compliance, enforcement, and pollution prevention strategies. These resources
will provide space planning and coordination services for the new Headquarters
facility. These resources will also provide ongoing Headquarters Support
services including motor pool, printing and copying, telephones, utilities,
facilities operations and maintenance (specifically the needs associated with the
Waterside Mall Complex), and automated data processing (ADP) technical support
to EPA operations in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina,
and Cincinnati, Ohio.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $58,049,500 for this program,
of which $56,444,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $580,000
from the Inspector General Appropriation and $1,025,000 from the FIFRA fund.
These resources are being used to provide on-going office, building, and
information management services to EPA operations in Washington, RTF, and
Cincinnati. With this funding level the Agency will provide critical on-going
services necessary to operate and manage EPA headquarters facilities, office
supply/support services, and management information systems. Additionally, the
Agency will continue to carry out its operating plans for delegation of authority
for lease enforcement/building operations at headquarters facilities, and will
continue to refine procedures for property management/inventory control. We will
continue tp plan for the new Headquarters facility and focus on delineation of
program requirements. In addition we are continuing our facility improvement
efforts at the Waterside Mall Complex.
3.990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $47,912,800 for this program, of
which $46,558,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,354,800
was from the FIFRA fund. These resources provided basic Headquarters Support
services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati and funded the
operational portion of our indoor air quality improvement initiative at Waterside
Hall. This included carpet removal, ventilation system cleaning and increased
utility costs to extend the operating hours from the ventilation systems. In
addition, detailed technical requirements, evaluation criteria, and site analysis
information was performed in preparation for the new Headquarters facility. ADP
support was provided for the Integrated Financial Management System. This system
was implemented Agency-wide providing integrated financial services and internal
funds control. The program systems modernization efforts were begun to enhance
and develop national data systems.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,297,800 for this program, of which
$51,117,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $180,000 for
the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,651,300
11-80
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In the Salaries and Expense appropriation from 1991. The increase will allow for
inflation increases in basic operating costs and provide support needs for
additional Agency workyears. This level of resources will provide the ten
Regional Offices with basic support services including printing and copying,
mini-computer operations, utilities, mail, telephone, library operations, general
training, office and laboratory facility maintenance, and technical support.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $49,721,500 for this program
of which $49,466,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $180,000
from the Inspector General Appropriations and $75,000 from the FIFRA fund. These
resources are being used to provide basic office, building, and information
management services to the Regions. In addition, funding is provided to pay for
the relocation of the Chicago Regional office.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $40,112,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
ongoing support services in the Regions including improved property management
and better safety for EPA employees. Also, the Regional offices in Boston and
San Francisco were relocated.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,723,200 for this program, $47,593,200 of
which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $130,000 for the
Inspector General appropriation. This represents a decrease of $9,700,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation which reflects a one-time
expenditure for the Supercomputing Center in Bay City, Michigan. These resources
will provide the mainframe computing capacity, telecommunications network,
workstation support and operations to support the access and use of environmental
and management data.
1991Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $57,423,200, of which $47,593,200 is
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $9,700,000 from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and $130,000 from the Inspector General
appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain an ever-increasing demand
on computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund.
The Agency's mainframe computing resources are expanding to meet the increased
use by the Agency and states in environmental data collection, use and sharing.
The integration of our administrative systems have also increased the demand for
mainframe computing capacity. The Agency is also beginning to implement a more
open telecommunications architecture centered around current communications
standards.
Congressional Directives: A total of $9,700,000 is for the Congressionally-
directed Supercomputer, including planning/site acquisition, for the Regional
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Acid Disposition Monitoring programs and Ecology Research and Training in Bay
City, Michigan.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, The Agency obligated a total of $45,934,800, all of which was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency used these funds to maintain
and operate its mainframe computing systems, continued the implementation of
telecommunications connectivity to state/local environmental agencies to
facilitate data sharing, implemented intra-building telecommunications backbones
to support local area networking, and began investments in visualization
technology in support of supercomputer modeling research. The Agency continued
to invest in increased computing capacity to support programmatic and
administrative computer applications. Investments were also made in the wide
area network to implement increased capacity and to respond to government-wide
standards.
LAB SUPPORT-RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency is allocating a total of §114,100, all of which is for the
Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. These funds will provide for health and
safety and environmental compliance oversight at the remote laboratories.
1991 Program
In 1991, most of the costs associated with operating expenses for this
research activity were moved into the Research and Development Appropriation and
are included in Multimedia Research under Laboratory and Field expenses. The
remaining funding of §114,100 from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation is for
health and safety and environmental compliance oversight at the remote
laboratories.
199 0 Accomp 1ishments <.
The Agency obligated §7,144,100, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation. These funds provided for the operation and maintenance
of remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPQRT-AIR AND RADIATION
1992 Program Request,
The Agency requests a total of $1,953,300 for this program, all of which is
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. "This represents no increase from
1991. This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) in Ann
Arbor, Michigan; the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL)
in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility (LVF) in Nevada.
The funds provide basic operation and maintenance support at these locations.
The support provided includes security, janitorial, and maintenance services;
utilities; General Services Administration vehicles; supplies and materials; and
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communications.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating $1,953,300 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1991 program
is providing the same types of activities described for 1992: basic laboratory
operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required on a
continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.
J.990 Accomplishments
In 1990 the Agency obligated a total of $1,852,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided the
basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the three
laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1992 Pro gram Segues t
The Agency requests a total of $474,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. There is no increase over the
1991 funding level. Resources will be used for basic facilities and operation
and maintenance costs for the laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St.
Louis, Mississippi. These costs include utilities, security, communications,
warehousing, custodial services, and building maintenance. These resources will
also provide for the purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment
which is obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, and cover increasing
maintenance costs for existing equipment. The resources will also provide for
the purchase of equipment for building analytical capacity for biotechnology and
other unique products which cannot be validated with traditional laboratory
instruments.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $474,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1991 program
supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the laboratories
in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodian services, building
maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is
obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance, building
biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products which cannot be validated
with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.
1990,Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $439,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The .funds were used to
provide general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
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12. Building and
Facilities
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-3
New Facilities 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12—4
-------
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
APPROPRIATION $17,555.7 $40,000.0 $40,000.0 $13,000.0 -$27,000.0
OUTLAYS $15,136.0 $33,022.0 $33,022.0 $18,680.0 -$14,342.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act,
1.2-1
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories, two large research
and development laboratories, a number of field stations with laboratory
facilities and a large Headquarters complex.
This program provides & safe and healthful work environment for EPA
employees by providing for renovation upgrades, repair or replacement of our
facilities. We are directing major efforts towards implementing intermediate and
long-range plans which assess alternative housing options for EPA operations, as
well as continuing a repair program that protects the investment in EPA's real
property holdings. We are also upgrading and modifying current facilities to
more adequately and efficiently address Agency programs. We will place
particular emphasis on environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities where
modifications are needed to accommodate storage of hazardous materials, removal
of asbestos and PCB's, upgrading fire and life safety systems, (such as
installation of sprinkler and detection systems and the removal of Halon
systems), and renovating HVAC systems to meet ventilation standards.
12-2
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
New Facilities
Buildings & Facilities $6,073.9 $28,000.0 $28,000.0 $500.0 -S27,500.0
TOTAL $6,073.9 $28,000.0 $28^000.0 $500.0 -$27,500.0
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings £ Facilities $11,481.8 $12,000.0 $12,000.0 $12,500.0 $500.0
TOTAL $11,481.8 $12,000.0 $12,000.0 $12,500.0 $500.0
TOTAL:
Buildings £ Facilities $17,555.7 $40,000.0 $40,000.0 $13,000.0 -$27,000.0
12-3
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests $13,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation, a decrease of $27,000,000 from 1991.
NEW FACILITIES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents a decrease of
$27,500,000 from 1991 which reflects a one-time expenditure for the Ann Arbor,
Christopher Columbus, and Kerr facilities. This request will provide funds to
design and construct daycare facilities.
1991 Progrft;
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $28,000,000 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds are being used
for the purchase and upgrade of the Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory in Ann
Arbor, Michigan, for the Christopher Columbus Center in Baltimore, Maryland, for
upgrading facilities at the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in
Ada, Oklahoma and to construct a day care center in Athens, Georgia. In addition
we will complete construction of the Gulf Breeze Biotechnology laboratory and the
Cincinnati Daycare Center.
Congressional Directives. A total of $27,500,000 is for Congressionally directed
projects at Ann Arbor, Christopher Columbus Center, and Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $6,073,900 for this program. These
funds were used to complete construction of a new marine research laboratory in
Newport, Oregon, and to complete the design of a lab for clinical inhalation
research in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In addition, we initiated the
construction on the new biotechnology lab In Gulf Breeze, Florida and continued
the design on the Superfund Lab in Edison, New Jersey. Construction was
completed on the new radiation lab in Montgomery, Alabama. A congressionally
directed grant was awarded to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for an addition
to its Environmental Research Center. A master plan was initiated for the
research laboratory at Ada, OK, and we began the design of an addition to the
laboratory.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
j.99.2 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,500,000 for this program, all of which
12-4
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will be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $500,000 from 1991. The increase will be used for health and safety
and environmental compliance projects. These funds will provide planning,
engineering design, and construction related to the repair and improvement of
buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, these funds will be used to
improve working conditions at the Waterside Mall Complex as well as necessary
retrofitting to implement the Master Space Plan; address critical repairs related
to employee health and safety (fire protection installation); enhance
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities (asbestos and underground
storage tank removal and hazardous materials storage); meet critical regional
build-out costs for space associated with the moves of the Chicago Regional
Office as well as the expansion of the Philadelphia and Dallas Regional Offices;
and provide for required alterations and repairs (electrical distribution, air
conditioning, emergency power for laboratory facilities).
1991 Progr«"i
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,000,000 for this program
all of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources
are being used to provide facilities maintenance and repair in an effort to
prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities, to initiate environmental
compliance activities such as asbestos removal, to continue Underground Storage
Tank (UST) activities. We will continue health and safety improvements and
modifications to facilities, including fume hoods and critical HVAC upgrades and
upgraded space requirements associated with the move of the Chicago Regional
Office and build-out for expansion of the New York, Denver, Atlanta, Kansas City,
and Philadelphia Regional Offices and the continued retrofit of Waterside Mall,
as well as critical Health and Safety related Headquarters activities and indoor
air enhancements at Waterside Mall.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $11,481,800, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to
complete various health and safety and environmental compliance improvements to
protect EPA employees, provide routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites
throughout the nation and provide build-out for new office space in Boston, San
Francisco, and Headquarters and build-out for expansion of the Denver and Seattle
Regional Offices. In addition these funds allowed for permanent enhancement to
the indoor air at Waterside Mall through upgrades to the ventilation system and
exhausting of copy centers directly to the outside.
12-5
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13. Construction
Grants
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds 1.3-1
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Page Intentionally Blank
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIHATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
APPROPRIATION $2439,611.9 2100,000.0 2100,000.0 1900,000.0 -$200,000.0
OUTLAYS $2289,945.0 2352,887.0 2352,887.0 2194,175.0 -$158,712.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at a level of $2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through
1991, and $1,800,000,000 for 1992 for state revolving
funds.
13-1
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CONSTRUCTION GIANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Program Background
Since 1973 the construction grants program has completed about 8,100
construction projects and provided approximately $53,000,000,000 of Federal
investment in grant-assisted wastewater treatment works. There are currently
about 15,600 treatment plants in the nation serving 176 million people.
This program has been authorized since 1972 through Title II of the Clean
Water Act, The statute provides a formula for annual allotment of funds to
states and contains authorities for various funding set-asides to support
delegated state management (primarily 205(g), water quality management planning,
innovative and alternative technologies, and rural communities).
Program Transition
Legislative amendments in 1977 and 1981 made a number of significant
adjustments to the program which reduced the Federal role in financing project
grants and increased state responsibilities for direct grants management. In
1987, additional amendments resulted in fundamental changes to the program. The
traditional program of grants to communities for constructing facilities was now
replaced by grants to states to capitalize State Revolving Funds (SRFs), This
resulted in expanded state responsibilities and greater State autonomy in an
already extensively State-delegated program. Eight additional SRF programs were
added during 1990, resulting in 51 operational programs at the end of 1990.
The 1987 amendments also provided for the creation of several additional
set-asides from construction grants (Title II)' funds. These set-asides include
national reserves for Indian tribe (and Alaska Native Village) wastewater
treatment grants, marine combined sewer overflow grants and funding for the
national estuary and nonpoint source programs. The set-asides have provided
significant financial support to these activities; however, they ended with the
final appropriation of Title II funds in 1990.
Program Completion
Funding for construction grants ended in 1990; however, a significant
workload of active grant projects will require state and Federal management well
into the 1990s. A small number of new construction grants will be made with
carryover and deobligated funds. At the close of 1991 over 4,900 active grant
projects, representing over $25,000,000,000 in Federal investment, will require
ongoing management. Projects not yet closed out by the end of 1992 represent
about 30 percent of all construction grants made since the program was authorized
•and account for about 42 percent of the total Federal investment.
1PA is implementing a. strategy that provides initiatives to expeditiously
complete the construction grants program in an efficient manner. The strategy
is based on effective management of 205(g) funds and an ongoing partnership among
EPA offices (including the Inspector General and Regions), the Corps of Engineers
and the state agencies. The strategy identifies the necessary level and mix of
13-2
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program resources to handle the completion workload while maintaining the
technical, environmental and financial integrity of the pro-ram,
State RevolvingFund
After 1990, the Construction Grants appropriation is directed to SRF
programs. The states are authorized to provide several forms of assistance,
primarily in the form of loans to communities for the construction of new and
upgraded wastewater treatment facilities needed to comply with Clean Water Act
requirements. Fifty states and Puerto Rico had established and are expected to
operate SRF programs in 1991 and beyond. By 1992, EPA expects to have awarded
about $5 billion of Federal funds to assist in capitalizing the SRFs. These
funds are further supplemented by required state match, overmatch and state
issued bonds.
13-3
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds
Budget Request
The Agency requests $1,900,000,000 for the Construction Grants
appropriation, a decrease of $200,000,000 in the total appropriation from 1991,
Funding for the traditional Construction Grants program ended in 1990 replaced
by State Revolving Funds (SRF), in accordance with the statutorily mandated
phase-out of this program. Funding for SRFs will decrease $563,500,000 below
1991, reflecting progress made in the Administration's effort to ensure SRFs will
be adequately capitalized by 1994.
1992 Program Request
The Agency's request of $1,900,000,000 will be devoted mainly to
capitalizing SRF programs. This level of funding will enable the Agency to
continue to establish the long-term viability of SRF programs and ensure that
states can provide financial assistance to communities for construction of new
and upgraded wastewater treatment facilities needed to comply with Clean Water
Act requirements,
Of the $1,900,000,000, the Agency requests $100,000,000 for funding of the
U.S. share for construction of an international wastewater treatment plant to
treat Tijuana sewage consistent with the recently signed agreement with Mexico
amending the TJ.S,/Mexico Border Water Quality Agreement. Also part of the
$1,900,000,000 total request for the construction grants appropriation, is
$300,000,000 for 55% Federally cost-shared grants to construct facilities needed
to achieve secondary treatment levels in Boston ($100,000,000), New York
($70,000,000), Los Angeles ($55,000,000), Saa Diego ($40,000,000) and Seattle
($35,000,000),
The request also includes $16,500,000 for water quality cooperative
agreements which represents no change from the 1991 funding level. These funds
will address more nontraditional pollution problems, such as combined sewer
overflows and storm water in targeted areas. Water quality cooperative
agreements will be available to develop or modify National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) programs and sludge programs; and to provide MPDES
state training, demonstrations, investigations, studies, and surveys relating to
the requirements of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
NPDES state activities eligible for funds include building capabilities for
unique permitting, pretreatment and enforcement needs such as toxic pollutant
controls, sludge disposal or use, storm water or combined sewer overflows.
Multi-media enforcement pilot projects and pollution prevention demonstrations
will also be eligible. The Section 603(d) set'-aside for SRF administration and
Section 604(b) set-aside for planning and management activities under Title VI
will continue,
Gross obligations for the 1992 construction grants appropriation will total
approximately $2,170,000,000. Obligations for traditional construction grants
projects will total approximately $240,000,000, and approximately $1,930,000,000
13-4
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Is for the SRF program. A total of 33 new construction grants awards will be
made from carryover and deobligated funds. Gross outlays are projected to be
$2,457,000,000, $1,134,000,000 for construction grants and $1,323,000,000 for the
SRF program.
In 1992, fifty states and Puerto Rico will have operating SRF programs. A
total workload of approximately 4,333 construction grants projects will remain
active at the end of 1992.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,100,000,000 from the
Construction Grants/State Revolving Fund appropriation, $2,047,000,000 of which
is devoted to capitalize the SRF program. The 1991 appropriation also includes
$35,700,000 stipulated for Title V projects in Boston Harbor ($20,000,000), and
to treat Tijuana sewage ($15,700,000), and $16,500,000 for the Water Quality
Cooperative Agreement program under Section 104(b)(3).
Gross obligations for the Construction Grants program total approximately
$492,000,000 and approximately $2,019,000,000 for the SRF program. Net outlays
will total approximately $2,353,000,000; $1,516,000,000 for construction grants
and $837,000,000 for the SRF program.
Fifty-one SRF programs are operating in 1991. A total of 117 new
construction grants project awards are being made from carryover and deobligated
construction grants funds, resulting in a total active workload of approximately
4,939 construction grants projects by the end of 1991. States continue to use
remaining Section 205(g) management assistance funds for state management of
construction grants activities. The Agency is continuing to work with states to
accelerate plans to complete the construction grants program. Approximately
$4,700,000 appropriated in 1990 for the Indian grants set-aside under Title II
will provide funds to five Indian Tribes and three Alaska Native Villages in
1991. No further Indian set-aside funding is authorized. The Section 603(d)
set-aside for SRF administration and Section 604(b) set-aside for planning and
management activities under Title VI are continuing.
The Agency is also allocating a total of $16,500,000 for water quality
cooperative agreements. This funding partially offsets the reductions in Federal
grant funds available to states under the construction grant set-asides, which
no longer exist after 1990. Section 104(b)(3) of the CWA allows EPA to award
grants as part of cooperative agreements to state water pollution control
agencies to conduct investigations, experiments, training exercises,
demonstrations and surveys to determine the causes, effects and extent of
pollution. It also allows EPA to institute measures to prevent, reduce and
eliminate pollution.
Although these grant funds are available to states for activities
previously funded under the set-asides, funds are targeted to states that commit
to achieving concrete results, with the understanding that the funds serve as
"seed money" to help states address many of the newer CWA requirements.
Cooperative agreements are targeted to states that have assumed full
responsibility for administering the NPDES and/or pretreatment programs and are
13-5
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available for specific activities related to permits, pretreatment and
enforcement. For instance, States can finance the development of new complex
permits with requirements for combined sewer overflows, stormwater discharges,
sludge disposal, pretreatment and pollution prevention.
1990 Accomplishments
Funding for the construction grants program and Section 205(g) set-aside for
management of delegated projects ended in 1990; however, states will continue to
use carryover and deobligated funds until expended. Gross obligations totaled
$1,040,000,000 for construction grants and $1,344,000,000 for the SRF program.
This funding supported 251 Title II grant awards and resulted in a total active
workload of 5,796 grant projects at the end of 1990. Federal outlays totaled
$1,892,945,000 for construction grants and $398,000,000 for the SRF program.
States were eligible to use $49,800,000 under Section 205(g) of Title II. Under
Title VI, states were eligible to use $38,900,000 for Section 603(d) SRF
administration and $10,600,000 for Section 604(b) water quality management and
planning activities.
The 1990 Construction Grants appropriation included $44,700,000 which
Congress stipulated for Boston Harbor ($19,200,000), Des Moines ($18,800,000) and
Tijuana ($6,700,000) projects. Authorizations for these activities are contained
in Sections 513, 515, and 510, respectively, of the Water Quality Act of 1987.
The Agency worked with the affected jurisdictions to develop and implement plans
for the use of these funds consistent with their authorized purposes.
13-6
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14. Superfund
SECTION TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research . 14-8
Scientific Assessment .......... .... 14-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 14-17
Health Effects 14-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-19
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-21
Exploratory Research ..................... 14—22
Technical Information and Liaison . 14-24
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response ... 14—26
Hazardous Spill and Site Response ......... 14-27
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14—39
Hazardous Substance Response - office of Water . . 14-40
Hazardous Substance Response — Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-43
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency ............ 14-45
Department of Health and Human Services 14-46
Department of Justice 14-48
United States Coast Guard ........ . . 14—49
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14—50
Department of the Interior 14-51
Federal Emergency Management Agency ...... 14-52
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement ... ... 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement .............. 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-61
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement . 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 14-64
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support ............ 14-68
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-72
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters . . > 14-75
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions «... 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-77
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-77
Hazardous Substance Computer services 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters ....... 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General ..... 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-83
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Management and Support 14-85
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ACTUAL
1990
ENACTED
1991
SUPER niND
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST INCREASE +
1992 DECREASE -
1992 MS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL, Superfund
$9,729,5 $13,106.4 $13,106.4 $14,954.0 $1,147.6
$1602,844.3 1616,228.0 1616,228.0 1750,000.0 $133,772.0
$1612.573.8 1629,334.4 1629.334,4 1764,954.0 $135.619.6
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UQfiKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
3,198.0 3.416.1 3,416.1 3,698.1 282.0
3,394.1 3,552.0 3,552.0 3,698.1 146.1
$1148,321.8 1370,372.2 1370,372.2 1527,837.0 $157,464.8
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and liability Act, s» amended, authorizes a total of
$5,100,000,000 for this program for 1992 through 1994.
14-1
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AHPSTRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended, charges the Agency with the responsibility of
providing emergency response for hazardous substances released into the
environment and the remediation of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation finances the required activities to
implement CERCLA primarily through taxes levied on oil and chemical
manufacturers, a chemical feed-stock tax, a corporate environmental tax, and
general revenues.
The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants,
and contaminants by either compelling potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to
undertake the response action, or by conducting a removal or remedial action.
Removal actions are generally short-term emergency responses taken to abate an
immediate threat posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances.
Remedial actions involve long-term and more permanent cleanup remedies taken
instead of, or in addition to, removal actions. The program will continue to
select sites for remedial action from the National Priorities List (NPL) and to
undertake all response actions in accordance with the National Contingency Plan.
Additionally, the Agency is now incorporating a more balanced approach to
Superfund cleanup actions. That is, the Agency is now beginning the process of
"turning-the-pipeline" toward the finml cleanup phases and adjusting our
expectations on new "front-end" work.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the
program, the Agency works closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and
the states to carry out the Act. The Agency undertakes five major activities in
implementing the Superfund program: Enforcement; Hazardous Substance Response;
Interagency Support; Research and Development; and Management and Support. The
effective implementation of these activities involves close cooperation among
various Agency offices, the states, Indian tribes, and other Federal agencies.
Increased Emphasis onResponse Cleanup Actions
The Response program works to accomplish two major goals; to stabilize
actual or potential threats from releases of hazardous substances; and to ensure
that environmental threats posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are
addressed quickly and effectively. These objectives are incorporated into the
Agency's policy of addressing the worst sites first.
In 1992, the Superfund program will continue to build on the
recommendations established in the Superfund Management Review (SMR). With the
completion of the SMR in 1989, many management and programmatic principles were
introduced to promote an integrated cleanup and enforcement program. In 1992,
the emphasis will be on Federally-funded cleanup and support for greater PRP
accountability in final construction as more sites move to the cleanup stages.
The Agency is also instituting a more balanced approach to final cleanup actions
by managing the level of new and ongoing site cleanup activity in the Superfund
pipeline.
14-2
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Efforts will also be directed toward building public confidence in the
Superfund program. In support of this effort, the Response program will
concentrate on various methods to measure and publicize program progress, such
as the NPM Site Summary book and the document "Reporting on Progress Through
Environmental Indicators." The established practice of measuring cleanup actions
against previously set targets will be examined. The program is developing and
implementing environmental indicators to provide new measurements of actual
environmental progress that augment the traditional method of program
measurement. The indicators will measure the achievement of health and
ecological goals specified in the Record of Decision; the amount of contaminated
material contained, treated or removed; and control of an immediate threat to
human health through exposure to hazardous materials.
Enforcement-First Program Continues
The Agency's "enforcement-first" strategy is designed to compel PRPs to
conduct cleanup actions at sites they are responsible for. This strategy
involves efforts to identify PRPs in the initial stages of site remediation.
Through negotiated administrative settlements for pre-remedial actions and
settlements incorporated a Consent Decree for remedial design and construction,
the Agency will continue to maximize PRP response.
Where negotiations are unsuccessful, unilateral administrative orders are
issued, backed by the threat of treble damages, if a Fund-financed response is
required. In some cases, a CERCLA Section 106 judicial action is undertaken to
compel a privately-financed response. In cases where PRPs do not respond in a
timely manner or fail to comply with the provisions of a Consent Decree,
enforcement actions are taken. PRP responses resulting from settlements and
judgments will be managed, implemented, and monitored for compliance and, where
necessary, stipulated penalties will be invoked. Throughout the stage prior to
remedy selection, efforts will continue to identify additional PRPs. Non-
settlers will be vigorously pursued for cost recovery, with the focus on cases
subject to a statute of limitation deadline.
The Agency will enter into agreements with the states to encourage their
active involvement in the Superfund program. Through these agreements, the
Agency will provide technical assistance as the states compel PRP response under
state authorities and oversee privately funded response actions. The enforcement
program will also provide oversight of response and technical assistance to other
Federal agencies that are addressing uncontrolled hazardous sites at facilities
owned or operated by that agency. •
Special Expertise of OtherFederal Agencies
The Agency manages an interagency budget process under Executive Order
12580, that integrates the efforts of the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce,, Interior, Labor, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency as part of our requirement for CERCLA. The
activities of other Federal agencies are divided into two basic categories. The
first category includes specific site or spill response actions. The second
category involves the support of on-going activities which are generally not
incident-specific. These activities include: developing program policies and
guidance; conducting health research; training response personnel; litigating
civil and criminal cases; and providing scientific and technical advice to EPA
14-3
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on-ecene coordinators.
The Department of Health and Human Services provides the largest supporting
element to Superfund activities through the work of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National institute for
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR will: provide health assessments
at NPL and non-NPL sites; enhance and maintain toxicology data bases for
chemicals found at sites; and provide health consultations for emergency
responses. NIEHS will: continue its basic research grant program of conducting
biomedial studies investigating new and unique methodologies to measure levels
of exposure and its effects on humans; and will continue the grant program for
training workers at hazardous waste sites.
Other Federal agencies will provide support for EPA as follows: the
Department of Justice will conduct litigation and provide legal advice to achieve
PRP actions or cost recovery; and the U.S. Coast Guard will respond to spills of
hazardous substances in the coastal zone and Great Lakes waters and will maintain
the National Response Center. All agencies together enable EPA to carry out an
aggressive enforcement effort to respond more effectively and efficiently to
emergencies and long-term response actions.
Continuing Research and Development
The Superfund Research program provides the scientific and technical information
necessary to resolve technical problems which inhibit the effective
implementation of removal and remedial actions at Superfund sites. Scientific
information on risk assessment, monitoring methodologies, innovative and
alternate cleanup technologies, health effects, and the environmental processes
associated with the cleanup of hazardous substances, is provided to the Regions,
state and local government, private industry, and other decision-makers. The
Agency will support technology transfer of its research findings to encourage
implementation of improved methods and practices.
Research emphasis will continue on the development of innovative treatment
technologies for use in cleanup actions under the Superfund Innovative Technology
(SITE) program, and on the evaluation of naturally occurring or improved
microorganisms (bioremediation) for their ability to degrade hazardous substance
in & cost effective and environmentally sound manner. Increased emphasis will
be placed on the provision of site-specific technical support to Regions and
states for risk assessment, site characterization, and the selection of remedial
alternatives.
Ensuring Integrity of Trust Fund
The Agency will continue to decentralize the Superfund Contracting program
by placing the balance of Regional contracting officers in the field. This will
provide greater assurances that site-specific contracting needs are effectively
addressed. Likewise, the Agency will place Superfund Grants management personnel
in the Regions to manage and oversee Superfund Cooperative and Interagency
Agreements, and Technical Assistance Grants. The Agency will also continue to
increase its efforts to combat fraud, waste, and abuse in Superfund Federal
assistance and procurement programs.
Financial management services will continue to ensure the financial
14-4
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integrity of Superfund site-specific cost accounting data and provide timely and
accurate reports to Regional and Headquarters managers.
Consulting Services
In 1992, the program will carry out corrective activity for identified
weaknesses in its management of the Superfund program. Specifically, the Agency
will implement the long-term contracting strategy for the Superfund program.
This strategy, identifies the improved contract management initiatives outlined
in the SMR.
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SUPERFUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE REQUEST
1990 1991 1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS.
1991
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions
Remedial Administrative Orders
Other Administrative Orders
Criminal Referrals
Criminal Investigations
Cost .Recovery;
107 Referrals
Administrative *.......
RESPONSE ACTIONS
Removal Actions
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Pre-remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections.......
RemedialInvestiqationB/
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed
PRP Response.
60
44
179
1
2
79
41
253
98
1,592
1,902
40
57
29
51
19
23
86
50
184
10
4
68
27
190
64
1,580
1,916
12
22
24
59
18
37
.55
54
184
10
4
75
20
190
103
1,575
1,690
10
40
40
65
21
66
-31
+4
0
0
0
47
0
+39
-5
-226
-2
+18
+16
+6
+3
+29
This activity includes administrative plus voluntary cost recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
14-6
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SUPERFUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cummulative Outputs
ACTUAL
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
REQUEST
1992
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS.
1991
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions......
Remedial Administrative Orders
Other Administrative Orders
Criminal Referrals
Criminal Investigations
Cost Recovery
107 Referrals
Administrative *
RESPONSE ACTIONS
Remov a1 A ct ion s
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Pra-remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections.
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility
Fund Financed
PRP Response
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed
PRP Response.....
Remedial.- Actions
Fund Financed
PRP Response.
251
152
842
1
12
398
311
1,523
494
30,025
12,660
570
315
229
199
154
149
337
202
1,026
11
16
466
338
1,713
558
31,605
14,576
582
337
253
258
172
186
392
256
1,2.10
21
20
541
358
1,903
661
33,180
16,266
592
377
293
323
193
252
+55
+54
+184
+10
+4
+7S
+20
+190
+103
+1,575
+1,690
+10
+40
+40
+65
+21
+66
This activity includes administrative plus voluntary coat recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
14-7
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Research and
Development
TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
'gage
SUPERFPND
RESEARCH AMD DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance -Research .......... 14-8
Scientific Assessment . 14-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 14-17
Health Effects 14-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . 14-19
Environmental Processes and Effects .. ....... 14-21
Exploratory Research , ......... 14-22
Technical Information and Liaison .... 14-24
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SUPER FUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment- •
Sioerfund
Hazardous Substance $3,866.6 $4,234.3 $4,234.3 $4,245.1 S10.8
Superfund
TOTAL $3,866.6 $4,234.3 $4,234.3 $4,245.1 S10.8
Honftorlng Systwas I
duality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substanct $12,290.3 $11,903.2 $11,903.2 $11,684.3 -$218.9
Superfund
TOTAL $12,290.3 $11,903.2 $11,903.2 $11,684.3 -$218.9
Health Effects *
Superfund
Hazardous Substance £3,507.0 $3,466.5 $3,466.5 $3,462.0 -$4.5
Superfund
TOTAL $3,507.0 $3,466.5 $3,466.5 $3,462.0 -$4.S
fiwlrenwentsl
Engineering *
Technology * Superfund
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $44,329.5 $34,735.7 $34.735.7 $29,468.7 -$5,267.0
Superfund
TOTAL $44,329.5 $34,735.7 $34,735.7 $29,468.7 -$5,267.0
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Superfund
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $4,941.3 $7,087.5 $7,087.5 $7,288.4 $200.9
Superfund
TOTAL $4,941.3 $7,087.5 $7,087.5 $7,288,4 $200.9
Technical InfDotation
And Liaison- Superfund
Hazardous Substance $1,234.1 $915.7 $915.7 $1,008.1 S92.4
TOTAL $1,234.1 $915.7 $915.7 $1,008.1 $92.4
fxploratory Research -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $7,700.7 $10,555.5 flO.555.5 $9,315.8 -$1,239.7
TOTAL $7,700.7 $10,555.5 $10,555.5 $9,315.8 -$1,239.7
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $77,869.5 $72,898.4 $72,898.4 $66,472.4 -$6,426.0
Superfund
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $77,869.5 $72,898.4 $72,898.4 $66,472.4 -$6,426.0
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEMS
Scientific Assessment- 13.8 16.6 16.6 16.6 0.0
Superfund
Monitoring Systems & 27.8 27.2 27.2 27.2 0.0
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects - 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.0
Superfund
Environmental 58.4 56.8 56.8 56.8 0.0
Engineering £
Technology - Superfund
Superfund
14-8
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental Processes
I Effects - Superfund
Superfund
9.7
20.5
20.5
20.5
0.0
Technical Infatuation
And Liaison- Superfund
Exploratory Research -
Superfund
1.7
1.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKTEARS
117.5
130.1
130.1
130.1
0.0
TOTAL UORCYEARS
Scientific Assessment*
Superfund
Monitoring Systems t
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects -
Superfund
Environmental
Engineering *
Technology - Superfund
Superfund
Environmental Processes
I Effects - Superfund
Technical Infonatton
And Liaison- Superfund
Exploratory Research -
Superfund
TOTAL UORCYEARS
14.5
28.0
3.T
62.5
10.2
4.5
1-0
123.8
16.6
27.2
3.0
56.8
20.5
5.0
1.0
130.1
16.6
27.2
3.0
56.8
20.5
5.0
1.0
130.1
16.6
27.2
3.0
56.8
20.5
5.0
1.0
130.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14-9
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SUPERFOND
Hazardous Substance Research
Principal Outputa
1992;
Scientific Assessment
o Final Report and International Symposium on Results of Urban Sol].
Lead Abatement Demonstration Project
o 20-30 Health and Environmental Effects Documents
o 25-30 Independent Raportable Quantity Chronic Toxicity Documents
o 15-20 Reportable Quantity Documents Combining Chronic Toxicity and
Carcinogenicity Endpoints
o Interim Reports Approaches for Risk Assessment for Less-Than-
Lifetime Exposure Based on Limited Data
o Software to Predict Toxicity Based on Computer Assisted Structure-
Activity Relationships (SAR)
o Report: Integration of Severity of Effect into the Risk Assessment
of Chemical Mixtures
o Draft Field Guide/Users .Manual for Risk Assessment- -of Chemical
Mixtures
o Draft Report: Integrating Risk Assessment Software (jointly with
Hazardous Waste)
o Methodology for Assessing Exposure to Volatile Substances in Zndoor
Air
o Model for Dermal Exposure from Soils
o Final Report: In Vitro1 to In Vivo Extrapolation - Metabolic
Parameters
Monitoring Systemsand Quality Assurance
o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program
Health Effects
o Post-Closure Biomonitoring: Application for Health Hazard
Identification; A Strategy
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Environmental Engineering_ and Technology
o Prototype Remedial Action Response Con*truction Cost Estimating
System
o 'A Complete Pilot-scale Treatment Train for extracting Lead and Lead
Compounds from Soil
O Report on Radio Frequency Beating for Treatment of Soils
Contaminated with Wood Preserving chemicals
o Report on Technology Selection for Wood Preserving Site Remediation
o Guidance on Conducting Solvent Extraction and Thermal De-sorption
Treatability Studies
o Applications Analysis Reports on Evaluations Conducted Under the
SITE Program
Environmental processes ,80$ E.fjfecfcp
o Report on Uses of Isolated Natural Organisms to Enhance
Bioremediation of Mixed Hazardous Wastes
o Report on Extent of Treatment of Hazardous Constituents in Complex
Oily wastes
o Interim Guidelines for Evaluation of Marine Ecosystems Associated
with Superfund Sites
o * Report on Case Studies of Application of Currently-Available
Ecological Risk Assessment Methods at Selected Hazardous Waste Sites
Exploratory Research
o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substances Research Centers
TechnicalInformationand Liaison
o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities
1991;
Scientific Assessment T:
o 20-30 Health Effects Chapters and Report&ble Quantity Chapters or
HEEDe
o 15 Reportable Quantity Documents Combining Chronic Toxicity and
Carcinogenicity Endpointa
o 25-30 Independent Reportable Quantity Chronic Toxicity Documents
o Individual Project Reports from 3 Participating Cities in Urban Soil
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Lead Abatement Damon*tration Project
o Reports Proposed Approaches for Risk Assessment for Less-Than-
Lifetiroe Exposure
Monitoring Syateroa and OuaJ,j.^y A,a9urapce
o Report on Mew Analytical Method* for Analyses Not Measurable by
Standard Techniques
o Report on the Wse of Canister Based Samples for Air Pathway
Monitoring Volatiles at Superfund sites
o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program
Health...., .Effects
o Biomarkers of Exposure to Superfund PAHs
o Procedures to Assess Relative Toxicity Across Several Target Groups
EnvironmentalEngineering and Technology
o Prototype ARARs Screening System for Federal Regulations
o Evaluation of Anaerobic Treatment of Volatile organic Compounds in
High Strength Industrial Hastes
o Testing and Evaluation of Thermal De-sorption Treatment for Soil
Remediation
o Technology Transfer Products to Inform Farm Workers of the Dangers
of Using Pesticides and the Protection Available
o Guidance on Conducting Soil Vapor Extraction Treatability Studies
o Report on Technology Selection for Lead Battery Recycling Site
Remediation
o Bulletins on Soil Vapor Extraction, Thermal De-aorption and Soils
Hashing Treatment Technologies ~"
o SITE Annual Report to Congress
o Applications Analysis Reports on Evaluations Conducted Under the
SITE Program
o Report on the Development of Methodology for Determining the
Reliability of Flexible Membrane Liners
Environmental ..Processes and Effects
o Report on Field Demonstration of Nitrate Use for In-Situ
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Bioremediation of Hazardous Haste*
o Report on In-Situ Biodegradation of Carbon Tetraehloride Under
Denitrifying Conditions
o Summary of OEPER Technical Support to Headquarters and Regions on
Superfund Activities
o Protocol for Evaluating Effectiveness of Ground-Water Remediation
Activities at Superfund Sites
o Report on Plants That Can Be Used as Sentinel Species for
Phytotoxicity at Superfund Sites
o Report on Use of DMA Adjuncts as a Measure of Exposure of Wildlife
at Superfund Sites
E3cplQraitory..-Reji.eare.h
o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Technical Information and
o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities
1990s
Scientific Assessment
o 29 Health and Environmental Effects Documents
o 28 Independent Reportable Quantity Documents
o Establishment and Operation of Technical Support Center
o Report: Air Exposure to Drinking Water Volatilee
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract
Laboratory Program
o Annual Report on Development and Demonstration . of Xmmunoassay
Detection System for Rapid Screening at Superfund Sites
o Evaluation of Pentachlorophenol Immunoassay
Health Effects
o Graphic Activity Profiles for the First 100 Superfund Priority
Chemicals
o Chemical Mixtures Health Research Strategy
14-13
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and Technology
o Technical Guidance Document on Emerging Technology for the Treatment
of Metal-Bearing Hastes
o Handbook on In-Situ Treatment of Hazardous waste
o Interim Report on Improvement of Worker Safety via Robotics,
Automation, and Task Modification
o Guidance on Conducting Treatability Studies under CERCLA
o Workshop on Explosive Waste Site Remediation
o Report on Inventory of Treatability Study Vendor*
o SITE Annual .Report to Congress
Efects
o Report on Enhancing Biodegradatlon of a Gasoline Spill in Ground
Water
o Manual on Practical Field Methods for Measuring Hydrologic
Properties of Contaminated Aquifers
o Report on Basics of Pump-and-Treat Ground-Hater Remediation
Technology
o Assessment of Biosystems Research and Application to Remediation of
Contaminated Sites
o Report on Exposure and Ecological Risk Assessment Methodologies
o User's Manual on Use of Geoetatistical Models for Managing Soil and
Hater Contamination
o Report on Application of Btomarkere for Characterizing Complex
Mixtures at Marine Superfund Sites
Exploratory Research
o Annual Report on the Hazardous substance Research Centers
Technical Information and Liaison
o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities
14-14
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SUPEWUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,472,400 supported by 130.1 total
workyears for 1992, a decrease of $6,426,000 and no change in total workyears
over the 1991 level. The request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The decrease in funding reflects the Agency's reallocation of
resources to other Superfund program priorities, 'the completion of certain
research activities and the transfer of the Scientific Instrumentation component
to the Management and Support area of the budget.
Program
The Superfund research and development program provides a core of
scientific and technical information to support implementation of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and" Liability Act (CERCLA) as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorixation Act of 1986 (SARA) . The
research program concentrates on assessing the health and environmental risks
posed by Superfund sites and on developing and evaluating equipment and
techniques for discovering, assessing, preventing, removing, and disposing of
hazardous substances released into the environment.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,245,100 supported by 16. 6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,800 and no change in total
worky ear B .
ORD will perform risk assessments to enable on-site coordinators and
remedial project managers to quickly and effectively assess the degree of hazards
posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites. Chetnical and situation-specific
risks assessments will be prepared to assist the Superfund program office, the
Enforcement office, and Regions in evaluating the degree of hazard at
uncontrolled waste sites during the remedial investigation and feasibility study
(Rl/FS) process. Specific activities will include the preparation of the health
effects portion of Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs).
ORD will provide support for Superfund emergency response actions by
ranking and assigning report able quantities to chemicals based upon either
carcinogenicity or chronic health effects information. These two risk
categories are among those which are considered by the program office in
adjusting Report able Quantity amounts of given hazardous " substances to reflect
the potential hazard associated with their release into the environment. Thir
work will include preparation of chemical-specific health effects documentation.
ORD will provide technical support to Program and Regional offices, and
14-15
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prepare site- and chemical-specific health assessments to assess the relative
health risk associated with remedial activities at Superfund sites. The Regional
Risk Assessment Review Group will conduct reviews of risk assessments submitted
by EPA Regional offices. A Technical Support Center for health and risk
assessment provides site-specific assistance to Regional, State, and local
officials. This includes the provision of risk assessment advice on a rapid
turnaround (48-hour) basis.
ORD will develop toxicity assessments, risk characterization, and exposure
assessment techniques. Screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and improved measurement techniques for non-cancer health end-
points will be developed. An extensive program of pharmacokinetics modeling,
exposure assessment methodology development, and assessment methodology for
chemical mixtures is also planned.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,234,300 supported by 16.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
ORD is preparing site-, chemical-, and situation-specific exposure and risk
assessments to assist Superfund operations, enforcement efforts, and the Regional
offices in evaluating alternative cleanup decisions at uncontrolled Superfund
sites. Activities include developing health effects assessments, and providing
risk assessment advice on a rapid turnaround basis. ORD is providing chemical-
specific data on carcinogenicity and on chronic effects to support the Superfund
activities necessary to adjust or establish the Reportable Quantities (RQ) for
hazardous substances. Of specific note, the reevaluation of the carcinogenicity
of lead will be completed.
A Technical Support Center for health and risk assessment is operational,
with an average of 5000 requests received yearly, including requests from all
Regions and States.
Ongoing research program in phannacokinetics modeling, evaluation of
complex exposures, understanding of reproductive and developmental effects at
Superfund sites, and evaluation of chemical mixtures ie being conducted.
1990 Accomplishments.
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,666,600 supported by 14.5 total
vrorkyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. *:
ORD produced 29 health and environmental effects documents, 50 rapid
response health assessments, and 28 carcinogenic and chronic health effects
documents for hazardous substances to support Reportable Quantity activities.
Reevaluationa of the carcinogenicity of lead were conducted for the Superfund
office. ORD also assisted with health and risk assessments of sites for
enforcement purposes. Thirteen toxicological profiles were completed in 1990.
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QPAJJTY. ASSURANCE
19 9 2 Program Reoue at
The Agency requests a total of $11,684,300 supported by 27,2 total
workyears for this program, which will only be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $218,900 and no change
in total workyears. The decrease in funding reflects a reallocation of
additional resources.
ORD will provide techniques and procedures to allow on-site coordinators /
and remedial project managers to quickly and effectively evaluate the degree of
hazards posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites. Monitoring procedures for
all media will be evaluated, validated, and standardized. Researchers will
develop analytical protocols, sampling techniques, collect data approaches, air
monitoring techniques, sample preparation methods, automated data transfer
techniques, geophysical methods, and land remote sensing techniques.
ORD will provide site-specific technical assistance, monitoring, and
characterization support to the Regions in response to their needs for accurate
and precise site-specific data. Aerial imagery, photographic interpretation, and
maps for pre- and post remedial site assessment and oversight reviews for the
monitoring portions of settlement agreements will be provided. In addition, ORD
will provide technical support for ground water sampling, network design,
geophysical techniques, and analytical methods.
ORD will conduct field sampling quality assurance research. This research
will improve the precision and accuracy of data collection methods used for all
media at Superfund sites. Procedures which are now primarily used in the
laboratory will be adapted and further developed for field use to provide more
complete, expedient, and cost-effective field monitoring techniques and methods
will accelerate site cleanup and reduce cost.
ORD will focus on developing, evaluating, and standardizing analytical and
sampling methods; developing of sampling designs and techniques for managing and
interpreting field data. Immunoassay systems, fiber optics, chemical sensors,
and x-ray fluorescence will be studied for field detection of organic compounds
and wastes 'contaminated with radionuclidee. Mew screening methods for exposure
assessment (exposure biomarkers) will be developed.
ORD will provide quality assurance support to the Contract Laboratory
Program (CLP) to ensure that data of known and documented quality are used in the
Superfund program. Quality assurance reference materials, such as calibration
standards, quality control samplee and performance evaluation .samples, will be
prepared and distributed for analysis by contract laboratories. The analytical
data generated by the laboratories will be audited to assess laboratory
performance. Pre-award and post-award on-aite contract laboratory inspections
will be performed to complement the performance evaluations.
ORD will demonstrate and evaluate innovative monitoring technologies in a
cooperative program with the private sector to determine the applicability of th<
technology for Superfund site assessment and pollutant characterization.1 •-
Technologies to be investigated will be selected from promising candidates
currently being researched and/or developed in the private sector and by ORD.
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J.99-1Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,903,200 supported by 27.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
ORD is evaluating innovative technologies that offer potentially
significant cost and time savings to Superfund site investigations. A range of
technologies will be studied in the area of advanced field monitoring methods,
including field portable x-ray technology for metals detection, fiber optic
technology for in-eitu ground water monitoring, immunoassay methods for organics
detection, field portable gas chromatography for volatile organics monitoring,
and canister-baaed air samplers for detection of volatile organics. Field
sampling quality assurance research, introduced in 1989, will focus on developing
standardized sampling guidance and audit procedures. ORD will continue to
provide site-specific technical assistance, remote sensing operations,
geophysical techniques sample collection and monitoring, Geographic Information
Systems (CIS) and quality assurance.
Congressional Directives; A total of $495,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project at the Energy and Environmental Research Center at the
University of North Dakota.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $12,290,300 supported by 28.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Site-specific technical assistance was provided by ORD. Topographic maps
and aerial images (photographs) were analyzed as part of the program's remote
sensing support. Support was provided to enhance user competency of Geographic
Information Systems (CIS). ORD also provided quality assurance support,
including reference materials, performance evaluation samples, and laboratory
audits to EPA Regional offices.
HEALTHJEFFECTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,462,000 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $4,500 and no change in total
workyears.
This program provides data and methods to improve the Superfund risk
assessment process. The chemical mixtures component will evaluate the additivity
assumption used in mixtures assessments by focusing on polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The biomarkers
component will focus on DNA/protein adducts. Researchers will develop age and
species-dependent models, structure activity-relationship approaches and user-
friendly hazard identification techniques. Biological assays for use in five
year site reviews will be developed.
14-18
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1991 ....
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,466,500 supported by 3.0
total workyears for this program, all of which ia for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation*
ORD La providing improved evaluation measures and data to d*t*ct, assess,
and evaluate human health risk from hazardous aubatancea at Superfund Bites,
including evaluation of the additivity assumption used in mixtures risk
assessment, and studies to improve our understanding of the use of biomarkers for
exposure and effects assessment and to support development of dosimetric models.
Biological assays are being developed to assess residual toxicity at sites.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,507,000 Supported by 3,1 total
workyeara for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation.
The first phase of a program to assess biomarkers of neurotoxicity was
completed. In addition, a draft of a complex mixtures research strategy was
completed. The strategy will be reviewed by the Science Advisory Board in 1991.
Graphic activity profiles have now been completed for the first 100 Superfund
priority chemicals. Reports on the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of
particle bound organics and the use of crose-species extrapolation models for use
in inhalation risk assessment were completed.
ENVIRONMENT&P ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program .Reouesjb
The Agency requests a total of $29,468,700 supported by 56.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The represents a decrease of $5,267,000 and no change
in workyears. The decrease in funding reflects a reallocation of resources and
completion of certain research activities.
ORD will assist the Superfund program in RI/FS studies at specified
Superfund sites and provide information on the cost and effectiveness of remedial
action technologies for specific sites. Emphasis will be placed on developing
support tools to assist with RI/FS activities. Information will be provided on
the biochemistry and genetics of PCS degradation by bacteria, and on the
evaluation of solidification techniques for hazardous waste remediation.
Environmental engineers will develop and evaluate Superfund cleanup
technologies. ORD will conduct evaluations on technologies being developed as
cleanup tools for Superfund sites but which are not ready for field application
and require additional lab development. Research activities will focus on
technologies involving extraction, degradation and/or detoxification,
immobilization studies for solidification and/or stabilization of contaminated
material, combustion research, biosystems and/or stabilization biosyster
technology, in-situ techniques for large municipal waste NPL sites., and cross-
media impacts of technologies. Emphasis will be placed on bioremediation
research due to its potential to significantly reduce the cost of site cleanups.
-------
ORD will provide technical support at an increased level to Agency and
State personnel on engineering issue* that arise during emergency and remedial
responses -at Superfund sites for case support, including in particular work under
the Superfund Technical Assistance Response Teams (START) program. Treatability
studies will also be conducted* Information from Superfund research will be
provided to ensure that the latest available procedures and technologies are
employed.
ORD trill focus the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
program on separation, chemical stabilization, detoxification, and destruction
technologies that provide potential for improvement in cleanup at Superfund
sites. SITE is composed of a field demonstration and evaluation component, an
emerging technology component that cost shares development of promising
technological ideas from the concept stage to pilot scale demonstration, and a
technology transfer component which consists of project evaluation reports and
the SITE clearinghouse. This program usually funds about ten new field
demonstrations and about eight emerging technology projects each year. However,
support for this activity is being reduced to accommodate the need to fund the
high priority Superfund Technical Assistance Response Teams (START).
1991 Program
The Agency allocated a total of §34,735,700 supported by 56.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
A pilot program in Butte, Montana is being established to investigate and
evaluate promising new technologies for the treatment of mining wastes. The
EPA/ORD Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is collaborating with the
Department of Energy's current program in Butte, with the Department of the
Interior-Bureau of Mines, The State of Montana, and the Montana College of
Mineral Science and Engineering - Advanced Minerals and Hazardous Waste
Processing Center of Excellence.
The Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center was is being funded by EPA and
the State of Texas through a cooperative agreement to research hazardous waste
technologically issues indigenous to the Gulf Coast area. The Center is a
consortium of eight institutions of higher eduction, with Lamar University
serving as grantor.
Congressional,.Directives: A total of $2,500,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of the Gulf Coast Research Center; A total of $3,500,000 Is for
the Congressionally directed project of the Butte, Montana Mining Waste Research
Program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $44,329,500 supported by 62,5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, the engineering research program worked to provide improved and
innovative technologies for cleaning up Superfund sites more economically.
Research was expanded into the use of biological degradation (bioBystems) for
14-20
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•uch cleanups. The SITE information clearinghouse was expanded by the additior
of a computer system that Integrates all component* of the clearinghouse. Te^
additional SITE field demonstration projects were planned and eight new emerging
technology projects were selected for evaluation. The 1991 solicitation was made
in 1990 and called for projects that deal with treatment of contaminated soils
and sludge.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSESftNDEFFECTS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,288,400 supported by 20.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $200,900 and no change in
workyears. The increase reflects additional resources for technical support to
Headquarters and Regional staff on site-" and case-specific natters and for
providing information on remedial action technologies, models, assessment
methods, and case histories.
ORD will conduct environmental processes work to evaluate and develop the
cleanup potential of in-nitu biodegradation techniques (Bioaysterns) related to
contaminated soils and ground water* Plans include characterizing the subsurface
biological, chemical, and physical processes that promote in-situ bioremediation,
environmentally enhancing the metabolic capabilities of indigenous microorganisms
for biodegradation, and genetically manipulating microorganisms to design
microbial strains with novel and enhanced biodegradation characteristics.
Research will be coordinated with other studies to identify the problem*;
associated with introducing engineered organisms into the natural environment.
We will formulate protocols for treatability studies in different environmental
media.
ORD will provide technical support to Agency and State personnel on the use
of subsurface models, sampling and testing techniques, data interpretation,
assessment modeling and ecological risk estimation, application of bioassessment
protocols for performing environmental assays of contaminated sites and samples,
and on assessing contaminated marine coastal areas and samples.
The potential efficacy of "pump-and-treat" technology used to remediate
contaminated ground water and soils will continue to be evaluated. Studies
leading to improved understanding of site characterization methods and of the
processes controlling contaminant transport and mobilization in the subsurface
will permit new guidelines to be drafted for the implementation of this
technology.
He will continue to develop and evaluate ecological effects assessment
methodologies to identify aquatic, terrestrial, and marine effects at Superfund
sites. This will permit the expected consequences of alternative remedial
actions to be predicted on the basis of environmental factors.
1991 Program
in 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,087,500 supported by 20.£
total workyeara for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
14-21
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Environmental process researchers are evaluating and developing in-0itu
biodegradation techniques for cleanup of .contaminated soils .and ground water.
This research is closely coordinated with the engineering evaluations of
techniques to prevent the migration of hazardous substances into ground water,
and will be instrumental in determining whether biodegradation methods are
potentially cost-effective alternatives to soil excavation, or withdrawal and
treatment of contaminated ground water*
ORD is providing technical support in the environmental processes area in
response to specific requests from Regions, Enforcement, States, and the
Environmental Response lean on ground-water sampling and analytical techniques,
data interpretation, site-specific assessment modeling including those for
ecological risk estimation, and on application of bioassessment protocols to
leachate and contaminated soil samples. Technical support is also provided on
contaminated marine coastal areas and on polluted sediment remediation.
Procedures are being developed for evaluating the ecological hazards and
risks associated with hazardous waste sites and their remedial operations.
Subsurface process and characterization information is being acquired to allow
development of a decision-making framework for evaluating the appropriateness and
potential efficacy of remediation technologies such as pump-and~treat and various
physical/chemical/biological methods .
1990 ,
in 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,941,300 supported by 10.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Research was conducted on the cleanup potential of in-situ biodegradation
techniques related to contaminated soils and ground water. These activities were
coordinated with engineering evaluations of techniques to prevent the migration
of hazardous substances into ground water and of engineered surface and
subsurface remediation systems. Efforts are aimed at determining the situations
under which biodegradation methods could be cost-effective alternatives to soil
excavation, or withdrawal and treatment of contaminated ground water*
Technical support was provided to Agency and State staffs on a large number
of Bite- and case-specific contamination issues concerning soils, ground water,
surface water, and marine/estuarine environments.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1992 Program Recruest
The Agency requests a total of $9,315,800 and 1.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation. The decrease of $1,239,700 for this program is primarily related
to a transfer of the Scientific Instrumentation component to the Management and
Support area of the budget, and does not represent an .overall reduction in
resources for the Superfund research program. Remaining resources will support
targeted research grants, the Research Centers program, and the Small Business
Innovative Research program. There is no change in total workyears.
14-22
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Each year ORB and the Superfund office jointly identify high priority
research areas and than target all now research grant* on these priority areas.
These grant* enable the Superfund program to tap the university and private
research community for innovative solutions to pressing Superfund problems for
one year. In 1992, approximately six new grant* will be awarded to study the
efficacy of various pump and treat technologies.
The Hazardous Substance Research Centers program will receive scheduled
continuation support. The Center* not only conduct important research but also
serve aa a valuable resource for Regional/State access to technical experts. The
third annual report from the Hazardous Substance Research Center* program will
be produced. Thi* report will include a description of the overall program, the
mission* of each of the centers, description* of each research and technology
transfer project, and a bibliography of any. significant result* during the third
year of operation.
As mandated by Public Law 97-219, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) receives 1.25 percent of the Agency's extramural research
appropriation to support small businesses engaged in the development of equipment
for pollution abatement and control and instrumentation for monitoring
environmental trends and conditions. Under this program. ORD is able to take
advantage of unique solutions to Superfund remediation issues that may be offered
by the private sector. Support will be provided in 1992 to five Phase I
contractors to conduct studies to determine the feasibility of pursuing their
pollution prevention/control ideas. In addition, Phase II support will be
provided for approximately three Phase I contractors funded in 1991 whose ideas
were determined to be feasible. In Phase II, those contractors will receive
support for development projects relating to pollution prevention and control
techniques and environmental instrumentation.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,555,500 supported by 1.0
total workyeara for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1991, targeted grants in the area of in-situ treatment of hazardous
waste and monitoring for Superfund site assessments are receiving continuation
support. In addition, approximately six new grants will be awarded to etudy the
removal of heavy metals.
The Research Centers program provides critical basic data to support the
Agency's cor* research program and hazardous waste minimization and clean-up
responsibilities. It funds long-term and short-term research, technology
transfer, and training related to the manufacture, use, minimization,
transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous substances through a
university based centers program aa authorized under SARA Section 311(d). The
five competitively selected Hazardous Substance Research Centers are being
evaluated to determine their eligibility for continued funding for the next five
year period. A special advisory panel was convened to help develop an umbrella
strategy to guide the operations of the technology transfer portions of the
centers program.
Under the SBIR program, support ie being provided in 1991 to five Phase I
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contractor* to conduct studies to evaluate .the feasibility of their pollution
prevention/control Ideal. Zn addition, support Lm being provided to three small
businesses in .Phase II who conducted Phas* I feasibility studies in 1990.
Funding is alno provided for the purchase of scientific instrumentation.
The purchase of scientific instrumentation is essential to provide EPA research
laboratories with the necessary scientific tool* and equipment to conduct
reliable investigations and analyses in a safe and timely manner. Resources in
1991 will purchase needed equipment such as gas and high pressure liquid
chroma tograph, emission spectrometers and other bench testing equipment and
instrument s.
Congrfaf j.ona^,Jg4pgc$iT.ff* * total of $2,000,000 i» for the Congressionally
directed project of Clark University of Atlanta.
Zn 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $7,700,700 supported by 1.0
workyeara for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Super fund appropriation.
In 1990, the targeted grants program funded research on hazardous waste
abatement and control with the focus on biodegradation of hazardous organics at
Superfund sites. Support for the Research centers program and the SBIR program
was also continued.
INFQRHftTIOK AND LIAISOB
1992 Program Reoyest
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,100 and 5.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $92,400 and no change in total
workyears. The increase in funding supports the development of additional
technology transfer documents.
This activity provides technology transfer and training assistance on
issues relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for the Program office, EPA
Regions, and States. ORD will continue to respond to the technology transfer
needs of the Superfund program in 1992 although the focus will shift to better
respond to immediate needs. The major focus/task areas will be: (1) workshops
on bioremediatipn at hazardous substance sites; (2) in situ treatment
technologies; and (3), reuse of recoverable products. Support to the Superfund
program in the development of regulations and policies and on-site consultations
and technical support activities in the Regions (i.e Superfund Technical Liaison
Program or STLP) will be provided.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $915,700 supported by 5.0 total
workyear for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation.
This program is coordinating technology transfer activities, and delivering
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technological information and training to the program office, Regions, State* anc*
contractors responsible for cleanup activities. This activity enhances th
effective, timely, and efficient planning of permanent solutions in Superfund
response actions.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,234,100 supported by 4.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation".
This program developed mechanisms to coordinate ORD technology transfer
activities, and delivered technological information to the program office,
Regions, States and contractors responsible for cleanup activities.
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Hazardous
Substance
Response Actions
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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SUPERFUHD
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 T99Z VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spftl ft Site
Response
Hazardous Substance 1119,812.3 1116,806.8 1116,807.8 1262,172.0 145.364.2
Supcrf und
TOTAL 1119,812.3 1116,806.8 1116,807.8 1262,172.0 US,364.2
Hazardous Substance 1119,812.3 1116,806.8 1116,807.8 1262,172.0 145,364.2
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL 1119,812.3 1116,806.8 1116,807.8 1262,172.0 145,364.2
Response
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Spilt ft Site 1,245.2 1,236.5 1,236.5 1,283.5 47.0
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKTEARS 1,245.2 1.236.5 1.236.5 1,203.5 47.0
TOTAL WOftKYEARS
Hazardous Spfll & Site 1,314.2 1,293.5 1,293.5 1.283.5 -10.0
Response
TOTAL WOfilCYEARS 1,3U.2 1.293.5 1,293.5 1,283.5 -10.0
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
The If 92 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,262,172,000 for Hazardous Substance
Response. Of these resources, $79,305,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
to support 1,283.5 total workyears. This resource level represents an increase
of $145,364,200 and a decrease of 10 workyears from 1991* Within the total for
Response activities, the request places additional emphasis on actual site
cleanup. The request for site cleanup activities in 1992 is $896,000,000, an
increase of $143,000,000 over 1991. The Administration has proposed in the 1992
Budget Appendix a revised structure for the Super fund Response account. A
Special Analysis is being submitted with this budget that compares the proposed
structure with the current Response activities* Additional resources will be
used to: improve communication with the public on Super fund's successes; empha-
size training and outreach programs; expand the use of innovative technologies;
and enhance program management. The decrease in workyears reflects a shift in
resources from the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program to the Technical
Enforcement program for information management activities.
Pre-remedial Program
The Agency requests a total of $80,203,300 for the Pre-remedial program.
This represents a decrease of $3,253,400 from 1991 levels. Resources are
redirected to the remedial investigation/feasibility study (RZ/FS) program to
ensure that sites identified by the Pre-remedial program as requiring cleanup
will enter into the construction pipeline. The program's main priority is to
reduce near-term risk to public health. Uncontrolled releases at hazardous waste
sites will be identified by the program in a timely manner through preliminary
assessments (PA) and site inspections (SI). These resources support the
Agency's Superfund oversight responsibilities, on-site state Pre-remedial
activities, and Field Investigation Team's work in assessing potential Superfund
sites. The program focus will be on high risk/volume sites. Based on
information from the SI, the Agency scores -a site by applying the Hazard Ranking
System (HRS) to determine whether the site is eligible for the National
Priorities List (NPL) .
In 1992, the program will implement the Site Assessment Four Year
Evaluation Strategy that requires all sites designated as high priority to be
evaluated for inclusion on the NPL within four years of entry into the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Information
System (CERCLIS). To identify NPL candidate sites, the program will: expand its
efforts to discover new high priority sites; establish priorities for sites with
completed site inspections to determine if further action is warranted; and
implement the revised HRS. The program will direct its resources to the most
hazardous sites; at least 75 of these Sis will be conducted in the Great Lakes
Region.
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In 1992, the program will significantly increase its efforts to address
priority Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites. The program plans
to conduct 600 RCRA PAs and 600 RCRA Sis. This represents an increase of 75 PAs
and 200 Sis over the number to be performed at RCRA facilities in 1991.
The program piano to list 90 new sites on the NPL, resulting in a steady
flow of projects into the remedial pipeline.
1991 Proopram
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $83*456,700 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the Pre-remedial program. The Agency is
eliminating the SI backlog while stressing its commitment to completing response
activities according to the "worst sites first* strategy. The program is
conducting 1,580 PAs and 1,916 Sis. Of these actions, 525 PAs and 400 SZs are
being performed at RCRA sites. The revised HRS will be effective in late
February 1991, 90 days after its publication in the Federal Register. The Agency
is currently refining implementation of this system.
The program has placed a high priority ons providing training programs
to the Pre-remadial staff, active state and Tribal personnel, and appropriate
contractors; conducting PAa at all sites within one year of listing in CERCLIS/
performing Sis at' all sites recommended for further evaluation based on their
relative potential environmental impact; implementing listing site inspections
at the highest priority sites determined to be likely to score above the revised
HRS cutoff| evaluating the Multi-Site Cooperative Agreements (e.g., contracts
with states and/or Indian Tribes to develop the capacity to perform response
activities); and encouraging state and Indian Tribe participation in the
development of Pre—remedial guidance.
1990 Accomplishmenta
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $79,963,300 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the Pro-remedial program. A total of
33,575 sites were listed in CERCLIS at the end of 1990. Ninety-six percent of
these Bites are non-Federal. EPA completed 1,592 PAs during 1990 bringing the
total number of PAs completed by the Agency to 30,025; only 7 percent of CERCLIS
sites Btill required PAs at the end of 1990. Of the total PAs conducted, 55
percent require no further action. The Agency completed 1,902 Sis during 1990
for a total of 12,660 sis completed since the beginning of the Superfund program.
Approximately 30 percent of the sites with Sis in 1990 required no further
action. The Agency listed 300 new sites on the NPL during 1990 and proposed an
additional 25. As of September 30, 1990, there were 20 proposed and 1,187 final
NPL sites, bringing the total proposed and final NPL sites to 1,207.
The Agency continued to focus special attention on improving federal
facility compliance with CERCLA requirements. Federal facility sites make up 4
percent of sitea in CERCLIS. EPA listed a record number (64) of Federal facility
sites on the NPL during 1990 bringing the total number of Federal Facilities on
the NPL to 116.
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Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS1
1992 Program Reouegt
The Agency requests a total of $60,000,000 for thin program from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of
$9,350,000 from 1991 levels. All of thesa resources support direct site cleanup
activities. In 1992, all ongoing RI/FS projects that have remedial investiga-
tions in process are funded (188 projects}* In accordance with the Agency's
objective to conduct response actions at the most threatening sites first and to
expedite the response process, the program will conduct RZ/FS at 50 new projects;
this is an additional 16 projects over 1991. All new and ongoing RZ/FS and all
planned new RZ/FS starts will be put in priority order to ensure that sites
entering the RZ/FS process will address the worst problems at the worst sites
first.
In the first full year of the revised National Contingency Flan (NCP),
remedies selected will ensure that: high threat wastes are treated; low threat
wastes are contained; and contaminated ground water is restored or adequately
controlled. The program will bring innovative technology and experience to bear
on the remedy selection process. In addition, the program will conduct an
analysis of Record of Decisions (ROD) issued in 1991 to assess improvements to
the remedy selection process and consistency of the final remedy determination
comprising the ROD.
1.991 PrograJBJ
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $50,650,000 for RI/FS from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Agency plane to initiate new
Fund-financed RI/FS at 12 projects and start subsequent RI/FS at 7 projects. EPA
plans to start this modest number of RI/FS to bolster EPA's bargaining position
with Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP). The Agency expects to begin 22 new
RI/FS PRP projects. Also, resources will be directed to support ongoing RI/FS
activities. Norkyear allocations for the RI/FS program will support: increased
interaction with the private sector; enhanced supervision of direct site
activities; and increased oversight of Superfund contractors.
The RI/FS program is also building upon the NCP and the initiatives of the
Superfund Management Review (SKR). Guidance is being developed to streamline the
operation of the Superfund program. This is accomplished by encouraging the
breakout of interim projects,, by makirig procedures and requirements clearer and
more routine, and by providing "model" products that can be used with minimal
additional work.
1990 AccpitipI iahm_enta
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total, of $102,511,400 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the RI/FS program. In the third and final
year of the strategy to fully fund all RI/FS, the Agency initiated new Fund-
financed RI/FS at 40 projects and started subsequent RI/FS at 38 projects.
Federal employees conducted 15 of these RI/FS using primarily in-house technical
expertise. This prerogative, which was fully implemented for the first time in
1990, is a training exercise to improve the efficiency and promote cost savings
in the RI/FS program. PRPs conducted 57 new RI/FS projects. By the end of 1990,
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74 Fund- financed ROD* were signed at NPL sites.
As m result of the SMR recommendations the Agency developed a prototype
RI/FS and a remedy cost estimation Model defined as the Superfund Cost Estimating
Expert System, furthermore, EPA improved consistency in remedy selection, and
encouraged the use of innovative technologies.
Remedial peai,jm (RD > /Remedial Action (RA)
lg§2
The Agency requests a total of $672,700,000 for direct site work in the RD
and RA stages of the Remedial Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. All of theae resources support direct site cleanup work. This
request represents an increase of $125,715,700 for RD and RA construction
activities from 1991. Furthermore, this increase will support 40 new Fund*
financed RDs and 21 new Fund-financed RAs.
In 1992, the Agency will pursue its goal of Potentially Responsible Party
(PRP) participation in conducting Superfund cleanup. The Superfund Trust Fund
will assume responsibility for all projects where PRP response is not achieved.
The total amount requested includes $39,900 for projects with PRP oversight and
$632,800 for Fund-financed projects. The program will initiate 165 designs at
remedial projects; of which 97 will be conducted by PRP. RAs will commence at
135 projecta with PRPs financing 97 of these projects.
The Trust fund also: supports all direct cleanup activities to complete the
cleanup process? initiates remediation of the most environmentally hazardous
sites; oversees PRP work; and performs long-term maintenance of remediated sites
at projects receiving both Federal and private funds. In 1992, Super fund's
highest priority is to ensure that the cleanup phase of the remedial process is
completed. Thus, the request will support the completion of all RD/RA projects
expected in 1992. Initiation of quick response actions is another high priority
for the program.
The Agency relies on Alternative Remedial Contract Strategy (ARCS)
contracts to obtain project management and technical services in support of
remedial response activities at NPL sites. The ARCS Program is based upon the
concept of performance incentives. Quality of work performed on projects is
directly related to the amount of future work received as well as the level of
fee awarded to contractors. The U.S. American Corps of Engineers (USACI) and the
Bureau of Reclamation (BUREC), from the Remedial Support program, contribute to
the direct cleanup process of Superfund sites. They provide on-site technical
expertise and they ensure that project management is consistent between Fund and
PRP financed projects.
19:91 Program
In 1391, the Agency is allocating a total of $546,983,000 for RD/RA
activities from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. RDs are
scheduled to take place at 131 remedial projects where PRPs are financing the
design at 78 of these projects. The program plans to start RA at 86 projects
where PRPs are expected to conduct 58 of these actions. The Agency also performs
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long-term activities at these sites, after th* RA i* completed, to ensure tha
the hazardoua condition(.*) has been effectively remedied. Approximately 45
contracts are underway during 1991.
The RA prioritization criteria, developed during 1989, ia being implemented
in 1991. Environmental prioritization is the primary consideration in
determining what sites are supported for Fund-financed construction. The
prioritization criteria are based on the following principles: protection of
human health has the highest priority; actual threats to sensitive ecosystems and
endangered species has the next highest priority; and priority is increased as
the risk becomes closer In tine. In order for Regions to propose sites, they must
have conducted the following activities! a thorough PRP searchr an evaluation of
large scale projects to determine whether aspects of the project can be partially
funded without increasing cost or risk to health or the environmenti determina-
tion that the project will be ready for construction when funds become available;
and confirmation that the state has signed the Superfund State Contract to pay
its share of the construction costs. ARCS will continue to play an active role
in providing cleanup activities for Fund-financed projects conducted in 1991.
Congressional Directive; In 1991, total of 55,000,000 is provided for the
Congreesionally directed relocation for residents at the Koppers Superfund site
in Texarkana, Texas.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $498,815,400 for RD/RA activities
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. As a result of the SMR
recommendations, the RD/RA program embarked on a number of new initiatives aimed
at ensuring the program moved in the direction envisioned by the SMR. These
initiatives Included: initiating the worst sites first policy; using expedited
cleanup approaches; and implementing an "Enforcement first* framework for the
program.
At the end of 1990, cleanup activities were underway at 90 percent of the
sites on the NPL. Designs took place at 131 remedial projects; PRPs finan'ced the
design at 80 of these projects. The program started remedial actions at 76
projects; PRPs conducted 70 percent of these actions. The program completed
construction at six sites during 1990, bringing the total number of completed Ras
to 63. As of September 30, 1990, construction activities were underway at
another 272 sites. For 150 sites, designs were in progress and RI/FS activities
had been initiated at another 505. Of the remaining 246 sites on the NPL, 115
have a remedy selected or have already -had a removal action conducted. Only ten
percent of the NPL sites were awaiting evaluation at the end of 1990.
ARCS played an active role in providing cleanup activities for Fund-
financed projects conducted during 1990. . In addition, the USAGE and BUR1C
participated in the management of PRP and Fund-financed responses. The Agency
also performed long-term activities at these sites, after the RA was completed,
to ensure that the hazardoua conditions) has been effectively remedied.
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Removal Program
i
1992ProgramRequest
The Agency requests $129,300,000 for the Removal program from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation, an increase of $3,037,000 from.1991 levels.
All of these resources support direct cleanup activities conducted at hazardous
sites. Additional resources will support the Environmental Response Team's {ERT)
expanded direct on-site technical advice and intensified training to cleanup
personnel. Resources will be used to perform direct site cleanup at
approximately 110 classic and time-critical emergencies at NPL sites and 80
removals at non-NPL sites. Top priority is given tot classic emergencies
involving incidents {e.g., threats of fire or explosion) where response is
generally necessary within a matter of hours; time-critical removals at sites on
the NPL to make these sites safe from immediate threats while they await remedial
action; and time-critical removals at non-NPL sites posing major health and
environmental threats, which cannot be addressed by other authorities.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating $126,263,000 for Removal actions from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. This level of resources support 190 total
Removal actions and the work of the ERT at Removal sites. The Agency continues
to use the expanded removal authorities for emergency actions. The Removal
program will remain in a "steady-state* as it continues to stabilize NPL sitea
where significant threats exist while additional long-term response is being
: considered.
The Agency continues to implement management initiatives begun in 1989 to
improve the recruitment, preparation, and execution of On-Scene Coordinators
(OSC) in order to enhance the effectiveness of the Superfund Program. This
effort involves many components, combined under the title "OSC/Regional Project
Manager (RPM) Support Program." The program continues to include full
implementation of all components: career tracks and grades; the OSC/RPM Basic
Training Academy; mentoring; continuing education; Superfund University Training
Institutes; the Structured Training and Evaluation Program; site/incident
characterization; awards; professional organizations; workforce planning; and
rotations.
J,9 9 0 Ac eomp^i s hmejp£0
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $119,473,600 for Removal actions
and ERT technical assistance from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources were used to initiate a total of 351 Removal
actions where 43 were initiated at NPL sites. Of these total Removal starts,
almost 30 percent were conducted in emergency situations; the rest were of a
time-critical nature. In addition, Removal actions were completed at 28 NPL and
168 non-NPL sites. Completions included sites that were initiated in previous
years.
Since the enactment of SARA through the end of 1990, the Agency has taken
914 Fund-financed Removal actions. Of these actions, almost 25 percent were
conducted in response to emergency situations. The other 75 percent of the
actions were classified as time-critical removals. Of the 1,207 sites on the
\
!. f \\ • 14-32
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NPL, 201 have been partially or completely addressed by a Removal action. Thevt
effort* enabled the Agency to take immediate action to protect public health and
the environment. In addition to responding to emergencies, Removal* were taken
where an immediate response was not critical, but some early response was
necessary to protect public health or the environment.
Response Support
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $121,403,300 for the Response Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Thi» represents
an increase of $6,047,800 from 1991 levels, The majority of these resources
support: sample analysisj preparedness} budget analysis and formulation;
strategic planning, technical training, policy and program evaluation, management
information system maintenance, and development} financial accounting and
tracking} and administrative services. Almost 20 percent of these resources
(523,500,000) support sample analysis for direct site work (e.g., RI/FS, RD/RA
and Removals}. The sample analysis and management activities conducted by the
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP), the Environmental Services Divisions (BSD),
and the states continue to be a primary component of the Response Support
Program. In 1992, the Response Support program will strive to meet the SHR goals
that fall within its purview of responsibility. These includes increasing
training and public outreach} preparing for international and domestic
emergencies} and improving Superfund program management.
The OSC/RPM Support Program will ensure that new Superfund personnel
receive appropriate training in a timely manner. The program will expand upon
this training requirement to ensure that information on remedy selection and
innovative technology is effectively communicated to new personnel.
In 1992, environmental indicators data will be updated and measures will
be developed to assess the program's progress in making sites safe and clean.
Specifically, the indicators will appraise the Agency's use of treatment
technologies to remove pollution from the environment and success in protecting
people from the risk posed by hazardous spills and sites. New measures will be
developed for populations affected within various distances of Superfund sites.
The Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention (CEPP) Office, whose
goal is to prevent and prepare for chemical accidents, will consult with members
• here and abroad, in the public and private sectors, to build a national consensus
on prevention of accidents. This effort will include sharing strategies on
inspection methodologies, hazard assessment techniques, and communication tools.
The program will integrate efforts to prevent., prepare for, and respond to
emergencies with multi-national organizations and with other nations on a
bilateral basis. The program will also assist the United States capability to
provide needed assistance abroad as it manages hazardous materials.
The Agency will work to promote innovative treatment technology at CERCLA
sites. The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (SITE) will be
fully operational in 1992. The purpose of the program ia to assess nev
technologies for the treatment of hazardous waste in order to develop permanent
technologies. The SITE demonstration program sponsors pilot and full scale
treatability studies at Superfund sites. The participating developers mobilize
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and operate their equipment during th* teat period. EPA develop* the teat plan,
providea for aite preparation, funda sampling and analyaia, and preparea the
documentat ion *
The Response Program will carry out corrective activity for identified
weaknesses in its management of the Superfund program. Specifically, the Agency
will implement the long-term contracting strategy for the Superfund program.
This strategy identifies the long-term contracting needa of the program and
designs 'a portfolio of Superfund contracts to meet those needa over the next ten
years. During 1992, implementation of the strategy will involve the phase-in of
new contracts.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $115,113,500 for Hazardous Substance
Superfund Support. These resources support laboratory aampling, the management
of information systems, emergency preparedness activities, budget formulation and
execution, training, and program management activities.
In 1991, the Response Support Program resumes its responsibilities for
sample analysis and data review for all phases of the pro-remedial, remedial, and
removal Programs. The quality assurance (QA) program provides support to the
CLP, which is responsible for most contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program. In addition, the program continues to be active in assisting the states
with establishing their QA Programs.
• Through CERCLIS and the associated Local Area Network (HasteLAK), the
program provides quarterly information to managers and staff. A series of
standardized reports and direct query capability provide up-to-date and thorough
site planning information. A major component of this data base is information
from the Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan (SCAP) which provides
oversight of remedial and removal activities. The SCAP is the central mechanism
for planning, tracking and evaluating Superfund Program activities on a quarterly
basis.
The program continues to direct its efforts toward building public
confidence in the Superfund program. Many of these activities focus on how
targets are set and performance is measured. The integrated timeline is used for
establishing performance expectations and implementing the "Enforcement-first"
concept. In addition, the program is developing and implementing environmental
indicators to provide new measurements of actual environmental progress that
augment traditional programmatic measurements. These indicators measuret the
achievement of health and ecological goals specified in the ROD; control of an
immediate threat to human health by reaction in the actual or potential exposure
of 'human populations to hazardous materials; and the amount of contaminated
material treated, removed, or contained. Knowledge gained from this effort is
shared with state and local governments, trade associations, professional
societies, industry, and the public sector.
The CEPP Office, will continue to prepare state status reports, and to
conduct emergency response simulation exercises and chemical safety audits.
The program is redefining the integrated priorities matrix so that it
better reflects the Agency's Four-Year Strategic Plan. Specifically, the
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matrixt identifies relative program priorities; lists major program activities
for which resources are provided; and provides a framework to estimate the
funding levels needed to support the activities. The overall goals identified
in the matrix are tos mitigate immediate threats; move sites through the
remedial pipeline using PRP resources as a first resort; and to maintain a
baseline of supporting activities.
The Response Support Program continues to ensure that the training and
transfer of technology from the Office of Research and Development (ORD), other
Federal agencies, and the private sector is available to OSes, RPMs, the state
employees, and Super fund contractors. Activities undertaken to ensure the
transfer of information and technologies includes using aerial imagery and
photography for site identification and assessment; providing chemical-specific
fate/transport data for a specific medium exposed by the receptors; providing
active site-specific support in the removal and remedial action process of
technology selection; and providing advice and guidance on the use and
limitations of mathematical models, including uncertainty analysis. In addition,
the SITE program continues to accelerate the development, demonstration, and use
of innovative treatment technologies. The emerging technologies component of the
program is receiving the greatest emphasis during 1991. This aspect focuses on
bench scale evaluation, identification of promising projects, and efforts to
prepare selected technologies for evaluation in the demonstration phase.
Congressional Directive: In 1991, $400,000 is provided to the National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration for the Congressionally directed
study of the dump site off the Farallon Islands.
1990 RceompllBhmenta
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $112,513,700 for the Response
Support program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The
program conducted sample analysis, program evaluation, information system
management, and budget related duties.
The program implemented three major initiatives to better measure program
success and publicize its progress to the public. The program's new accountabil-
ity system "Strategic Targeted Activities for Results" (STAR) places emphasis on
tracking selected, results-oriented, activities wherever possible. The
another public communication tool, summarizes the nature of environmental
problems at sites on the NFL and Superfund 'a actions in cleaning up these sites.
The NPL Book is designed to help citizens understand the big picture on hazardous
waste cleanup, environmental progress across the country, and the cleanup accom-
plishments in their own communities. During 1990, the program's management
systems implemented the Environmental Indicators project to better support the
Agency's strategic planning process.
The SITE program is an example of the program's efforts to assess the
quality of environmental benefits. The program was fully operational in 1990.
In addition to promoting the use of innovative treatment technologies, the
program conducted full-scale evaluations of technologies at Superfund sites under
joint EPA and private developer funding. Information on the evaluation of SIT1
technologies was available to OSCs, RPMs, and state employees through project
reports, brochures, seminar B, and conferences, and through the SITE clearing-
house.
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The Agency implemented a revived funding policy which increased flexibility
for program managers to focus limited resources on activities with the greatest
impact.
Remedial Support
Prpgram ReQuest
The Agency requests a total of $55,841,400 for Remedial Support Program for
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This decrease of $4,503,600
from 1991 reflects the redirection of funds for treat ability studies into the
RD/RA program in 1992. The project management and contractor/PRP oversight
conducted by the USAGE and BUREC are part of the program's direct site work. The
majority of these resources support technical assistance for remedial projects,
guidance development and implementation, and grants to Indians, states, and local
groups .
In 1992, the Agency will attempt to implement management initiatives
related to the Remedial Support program. These initiatives include: implementing
improvements to expedite the remedial design and construction process; expanding
support to Regional contracting programs; establishing contracting cost controls;
ensuring adoguate administrative support for RPMs; and providing necessary
training for RPHe. The Agency will continue to implement management initiatives
begun during 1989 to improve the recruitment, preparation, and retention of RPMs.
In addition, the program will intensify its efforts to identify and implement
long-term solutions that significantly reduce the level of risk at Superfund
sites .
The Remedial Support program will improve the remedy selection process by:
developing and implementing policy and procedures for conducting five year
reviews at sites after the cleanup process has been completed pursuant to SARA;
supporting ORD in developing technology specific treatability study guides; and
assessing soils to ground water pathway models to support the selection of soil
remediation levels; and conducting evaluation of remediation projects using
treatment technologies to assess overall performance.
In 1992, the Remedial Support program will also work toward another SMR
goal which is to increase the participation of others in the Superfund process.
The program will manage core Program Cooperative Agreements, encourage the
merging of Fund and enforcement efforts at the state level, and assist states and
Indian tribes to develop multi-year workplans and strategies for addressing
hazardous wastes at Superfund sites.
.19.9.1.. Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $60,345,000 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. The Agency is proceeding
with the implementation of several management' initiatives related to the Remedial
program. Resources are being used to insure that states provide assurance,
through the Capacity Assurance Plan process, that sufficient hazardous waste
capacity would exist to manage wastes generated in the state during the next 20
years. The program also continues to encourage states to enter into Cooperative
Agreements, State Memorandum of Agreements, or other management assistance
agreements where the state expects to play a significant role. The Agency also
promotes the maximum involvement of Indian Tribes in planning and implementing
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all response activities. In addition, the Agency is increasing it* efforts tt
improve public confidence and initiate dialogue with national interest groups and
local community groups.
In 1991, the Agency will also continue toi provide grants to local
interest groups through the Technical Assistance Grants (TAG) Program; administer
Core Grants to the states; and monitor the projects for remedial construction.
The Remedial Support program continues to perform treat ability studies which are
an important part of the RD ensuring that adequate data exist to effectively
evaluate each technology prior to design.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $69,265,400 for the Hazardous Substance
Remedial Response Support Appropriation. The program revised the NCP to strongly
encourage community involvement in clean-up activities and developed in-depth
guidance on community relations. The revised NCP also includes new provisions
with regard to state and Indian tribe involvement in the Superfund Program to
promote integrated and coordinated response to hazardous situations. To ensure
continued involvement of states and Indian tribes in the Superfund process, as
envisioned in the SKR, EPA hosted a conference on state Superfund programs. In
cooperation with the Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management
Officials, the Agency initiated a series of policy forums designed to foster a
better understanding and coordination of state and Federal response efforts.
In addition to revising the NCP, the Agency also instituted several change*
to the TAG program in an effort to generate greater public participation. These
changes include: the 35 percent citizen match of TAG project coats was reduced
to 20 percent; the 15 percent cap on administrative costs was eliminated; the
Superfund TAG Handbook was updated; the procurement procedures were streamlined;
and the $50,000 waiver criteria were issued. EPA awarded 26 new core program
cooperative agreements, for a total of 45 core grants in place as of September
30, 1990.
In 1990, the Remedial Support program continued to reassess and evaluate
program improvements and management initiatives. Some of these initiatives
included: improvements in the process for conducting RI/F5 and evaluate design
and construction performance; implementation of appropriate improvements
expanding Regional contract support capacity; enhancement of contract cost
controls; and the provision of adequate training and administrative support for
RPMs. The program encouraged a balanced approach to site work, and advocated
that both PRPa and states assume responsibility for remedial activities.
Removal Support
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $63,419,000 for Hazardous Substance Removal
Support Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund - Appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,203,000 from 1991. The additional resources will
be used to improve the efficiency of the Emergency Response cleanup Servicet
(ERGS) contracts by decentralizing their management to the Regions. In 1992, a
total of 23 ERCS contracts will be active.
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The majority of these resource* are used to manage removal contracts which
provide on-site technical assistance (e.g., release notifications, site
investigations, and on-scene response monitoring) through the Technical
Assistance Team (TAT) contract. The Agency will continue to receive and screen
hazardous substance release notifications to determine what, if any, response is
required. These resources will provide policy direction and technical support
for Removal activities, including the review of $2 million waiver requests and
the expanded Continuing Release Regulations for release investigations at removal
sites, in 1992, EPA will receive 11,000 release notifications, conduct 635 spill
investigations, and provide on-scene monitoring at 135 sites.
/
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $62,216,000 for the Removal Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
support the 1992 level of release notifications, release investigations, and on-
scene monitoring of hazardous substances responses. The Agency will award 17 new
ERCS contracts; 11 other contracts initiated in 1990 will terminate resulting
in a total of 23 active ERCS contracts. In addition, the regulatory and guidance
framework are being completed for the Removal Program, including the use of
revised removal authorities and promulgation of final regulations on the
notification, reportable quantities (RQ), and designation of additional hazardous
substances. The program will establish RQ levels for extremely hazardous
substances, publish technical updates for some of the RQs that have been
promulgated, and implement the rules currently being developed.
In the vast majority of cases, the PRP or state or local government will
take the lead in addressing the problem. In situations where more than one state
is involved or where there is an unusually complex problem, the Federal
government coordinates and funds the response. EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard will
maintain an emergency response capability, including EPA's ERT, comprised of
Agency employees with special engineering and scientific expertise. This inter-
agency relationship will improve the Agency's ability to provide timely
engineering and scientific advice to Federal, state, and local officials during
hazardous substance response actions, resulting in reliable and cost-effective
solutions to existing and potential environmental threats.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $64,089,200 for the Removal Support Program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were used
to conduct 10,543 release notifications, 738 release investigations, and on-scene
monitoring of hazardous substances at 204 sites. The program began to implement
the SHR recommendation to make NPL sites safe, accelerate responses at NPL sites,
and conduct removal assessments at all NPL sites. This program provided
administrative support personnel and training to assist OSCs in managing removal
actions. The Agency managed 17 ERCS contracts during 1990.
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SUPER FUW>
Hazardous Substance Response • Support
ACTUAL ENACTED
1990 1991
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Response * OU
Hazardous Substance
Superfend
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance
Suptrfund
$1,925.3 $1,758.9 $1.758.9 $1,952,0
TOTAL $1.925.3 $1,758.9 $1,758.9 $1,952.0
TOTAL
$3,415.4 S2,77S.i i2,775.5 43,065.0
S3.415.4 K.775.5 12,775.5 S3,065.0
$193.1
$193,1
$219.5
$289.5
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance S5,54Q.F $4,554.4 $4,534,4 S5,01?.t> »482.6
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $5,340.7 $4,534.4 $4,534.4 $5,017.0 $482.6
Response - Support
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response * OU
Hazardous Substance
Response * OAR
21.6
22.0
23.5
18.8
23.5
18.8
24.0
20.5
0.5
1.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WOfiKYEARS
43.6
42.3
42.3
44.5
2.2
TOTAL MORKTIARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OU
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
23.6 24.0
22.8 20.5
24.0 24.0 0.0
20.5 20.5 0.0
TOTAL WORICYEARS
44,4
44.5
44,5
44.5
0.0
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SUPBRFUND
Hazardous Substance Response -Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,017,000 supported by 44.5 total workyears
for 1992, and increase of $482,600. There is no increase in total workyears from
1991. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropr iat ion.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER
1992 Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $1,952,000 supported by 24.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $193,100 which reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
The Agency will continue to develop effluent guidelines and standards for
the centralized waste treatment (CWT) industry, which accepts liquid wastes from
waste generators and leachate from Superfund sites and other landfills. EPA will
publish sampling and technology reports for use by publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) authorities and permit writers, prior to proposal of the CWT regulations
in FY 1994.
The Agency will develop five additional sediment quality criteria for
publication in the Federal Register to invite public comment. Work will continue
on the development of sediment criteria methodologies that are protective of uses
of aquatic life. Guidelines, guidance and technical support documents for metal
sediment criteria will be developed, refined and finalized in 1992. Site-
specific technical assistance to 15-18 Superfund sites with contaminated sediment
problems will be provided by the EPA Regional Laboratories.
Regions will continue to provide case-by-case input for Superfund remedial
actions. Action plane will be reviewed to ensure that "applicable or relevant
and appropriate" Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are applied. Regions also
continue participation in the review of Remedial Investigations, Feasibility
Studies and Records of Decision for CERCLA remedial actions where public water
supplies or drinking water contamination is involved.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,758,900 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The Agency sampled up seven additional Superfund sites and is continuing
to analyze samples of untreated wastewaters, pretreated waatewatere and
pretreatment system sludges; three additional sites are being sampled on an
extended basis. Data from the samples supplement and expand existing data to
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characterize untreated Superfund site wastewaters, the performance of on-site
pretreatment systems and the fate of pollutants in publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) receiving these wastewaters.
With the Office of Research and Development (ORD), the program is
continuing its cooperative treatability studies of additional pollutants and POTW
design and operating characteristics not covered in previous studies.
In conjunction with ORD, the program continues to update, refine and test
the PC-based treatability model to be used by CERCLA site Regional Program
Managers, POTW operators and pretreatment program personnel to predict the fate
of pollutants in POTWs. This new data will be published in an updated guidance
manual by the end of 1991, which also addresses Superfund site discharges
directly to surface waters.
The Agency also continues to develop sediment criteria for metals and
certain organic chemical pollutants, focusing on bioaccumulative pollutants
believed to be the cause of significant risk to aquatic systems and to humans
consuming contaminated fish flesh.
Regions continue to analyze the need for new or revised local limits at
those facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Regions continue
to review remedial action alternatives to ensure that appropriate technology and
water quality considerations have been addressed.
Regions have continued to assess compliance where Superfund facilities have" '
existing discharges to surface waters. Headquarters and Regions continue to
evaluate and revise, as necessary, NPDES permits and local limits in light of
information received from the Toxic Release Inventory.
Regions continue to provide case-by-case review of Superfund sites on the
National Priority List (NPL). Documents are being reviewed to ensure that
applicable, relevant and appropriate drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level
Goals (MCLGs) and/or Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are applied. For
contaminants with~no MCLG/MCL established, Regions are supplying and interpreting
toxicological data.
EPA IB providing recommendations that consider both the technical and cost
effectiveness of water supply treatment or the need to provide an alternate
supply. Regions are involved throughout the remedial process for sites with a
contaminated supply. This involvement includes reviewing Remedial Investigations
(RZs) to examine data to characterize the releases; reviewing Feasibility Studies
(FSs) which analyze clean-up alternatives; and documenting final clean-up
decisions in the Record of Decision (ROD). For each site, this is a multi-year
process.
The Regions, together with the states, are evaluating the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and providing oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
The Agency is implementing a range of Regional support and consultation
activities, as Federal response programs increasingly emphasize protecting
drinking water Supplies. Most of the current remedial action workload involves
eites that pose a threat to public water supplies or their sources. Regions
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assist in the process of characterizing the relative health rick and the urgency
for remedial alternatives (site treatment vs. alternative supplies vs. enhancing
existing systems), and assure proper liaison with State Health Departments.
1990 accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,925,300 supported by 23.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The Agency completed the analysis of samples of untreated wastewaters, pre-
treated waetewaters and pretreatment systems from fifteen Superfund sites that
discharge to POTWs. Data from the samples supplement and expand existing data
to characterize untreated Superfund site wastewaters, the performance of on-site
pretreatment systems, and the fate of pollutants in POTWs receiving these
wastewaters. The program continued its treatability studies of on-site
pretreatment systems.
In conjunction with ORD, the program continued to update, refine and test
the PC-based treatability model to be used by CERCLA site personnel, POTW
operators and other pretreatment program personnel to predict the fate of
pollutants in POTWe. This new data will be published in a final guidance manual
early in 1991.
The Science Advisory Board completed a favorable review of the methodology
for generating sediment criteria for non-ionic organic contaminants. Interim
sediment criteria for 12 sediments were applied to nine specific Superfund sites
with contaminated sediments. A methodology was identified to be used in
generating sediment criteria for metal contaminants. The metals methodology is
being applied at seven Superfund sites to help in site evaluation and to expand
the database used to support metals sediment criteria.
Regions continued to review remedial action alternatives to ensure
appropriate technology and water quality considerations have been addressed.
Regions continued to assess Compliance where Superfund facilities have existing
discharges to surface waters.
The Regions continued to review response actions to ensure that applicable,
relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are among the benchmarks
applied. Where MCLG/MCLs had not been established for a particular contaminant,
the Regions provided assistance with toxicological data. Once a site with a
contaminated water supply had been selected for inclusion on the NPL, the Regions
participated in reviewing RI/PSs and in preparing RQDs. These studies selected
and documented the response actions for contaminated water supplies and address
the need to provide water supply treatment or an alternate water supply.
The Regions, together with the states, evaluated the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and are provided oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the SDWA.
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SPESTAIIC1 .......... BESPONSg-Ol€a Of MR RHP
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,065,000 supported by 20.5 total
workyeara. This represents an increase of $289,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1992.
In 1992 the Agency will provide sample collection, analysis, and data
interpretation for remediation, removal, and enforcement activities at Super fund
sites on the National Priority List. The Agency will also develop guidance and
criteria and will review reports, survey plans, and assessments from radiation
and mixed waste contaminated sites. The program will provide technical
assistance to Regional offices including the development of an on-site waste
volume reduction treatability plant at Glen Ridge/Montclair, New Jersey to clean
up contaminated soils. This on-site project will include development and
location of equipment, processing of soils, quality control, sample analysis,
data interpretation, and reports of the preliminary evaluation. IPA will
evaluate other remediation technologies, including incineration, for radioactive
and mixed waste.
The remediation technology will be expanded to include chemical extraction,
magnetic separation, and bacterial bioremedlation techniques. In addition,
increased training assistance will be provided to the regions on radioactivity
hazards, transport, and safety procedures as they relate to clean-up at Super fund
sites containing radioactive materials,
Development of risk baaed clean-up goals for radioactively contaminated
Bites will also begin, thereby addressing the fundamental issue: "How clean is
clean?" The program will identify critical technology problems associated with
nixed waste clean-ups and test and evaluate specific technologies that focus on
the radioactive component. Development of an EPA national "reference laboratory*
for Agency-wide mixed waste analysis will begin including establishment of nixed
waste field sampling, screening, handling, and shipping procedures.
Radioanalytical procedures used by the Agency, other Federal agencies, states,
and the private sector for analysis of soil and water contamination will be
evaluated, revised, and updated. Standardized Agency-wide radioanalytical
protocols will be established and site audit procedures for radipnuclides
developed. An integrated radiation health monitoring program for EPA employees
including radiation health and safety training will also be implemented.
In 1992 the program will also support Regional air program technical
assistance for clean-up activities, including the use of air quality models to
determine risks posed by air emissions from clean-up activities and the
establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around selected sites. The
Agency will evaluate potential disposal techniques and technology and review
remedial action plans prior to implementation.
1991 Program
In 1991 the Agency is allocating $2,775,500 supported by 20.5 workyears to
provide sample collection, analysis, and data interpretation for remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at Superfund sites.
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During 1991 the radiation program is providing sample collection, analysis,
and data interpretation for remediation, removal, and enforcement at Super fund
sites, giving priority to those on the National Priority List. The laboratories
in Montgomery, Alabama and Las Vegas, Nevada analyze radioactive samples (alpha,
beta, and gamma analysis) from contaminated site0. Headquarters reviews remedial
investigation feasibility study reports, project operation plans, and
endangerment assessments, the Office of Radiation Programs also performs risk
assessments, engineering evaluations, and cost assessments. In addition, the
Agency continues treatability studies such as Volume Reduction Chemical
Extraction to examine physical and chemical methods for reducing the volume and
the activity of soils containing radioactive elements. The laboratory, technical
assistance, field support, and development of regulatory criteria and guidance
for the Superfund program will continue in 1991. Regulatory support will focus
on the Superfund Hazard Ranking System, the National Contingency Plan, and the
Radionuclide Report able Quantities Rulemaking.
1990
In 1990 the Agency obligated $3,415,400 supported by 22.0 total workyears.
The Agency continued technical support to the Regions to minimize radiation and
air toxics exposure at Superfund sites.
The radiation program support included: radiation risk assessments,
engineering evaluations, and cost assessments. The Regional air program staff
provided air quality modeling and monitoring for site clean-up activities. The
program continued to assure that site decisions involving air pollution and
radiation contamination issues were consistent with national air and radiation
program policies and regulations.
The EPA radiation program worked to complete the Hazard Ranking System for
radionuclides, the laboratory evaluation and pilot of the Volume Reduction
Chemical Extraction project, and a draft Human Health Evaluation Manual. The
Agency radiation staff continued to review reports, survey plans, and
environmental assessments at radiation contaminated sites.
The Regional air program staff continued to review field studies of sites
and contractor work plans and provided technical assistance through air quality
modeling, monitoring, and case studies. The support included use of air quality
models to determine the risks posed by air emissions from clean-up and disposal
techniques and technology to minimize the chances of migration of unhealthy
levels of toxics to the air.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance-Inttragency
ACTUAL ENACTED OJRREHT REQUEST INCREASE «•
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health I
Hunan Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance MS,179.0 $48,500.0 $46,500.0 $44,500.0 -$4,000.0
Superfund '
TOTAL $45.179.0 $48,500.0 $48,500.0 $44,500.0 -$4,000.0
Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance $4,800.0 $4,801.2 $4,801.2 $4,801.0 -$0.2
Superfund
TOTAL $4,800.0 $4,801.2 $4,801.2 $4.801.0 -$0.2
Interagency Super-fund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance $25,754.2 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32.324.0 0.0
Superfund
TOTAL $25,754.2 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 $32,324.0 0.0
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance $1,675.0 $1,823.6 $1,823.6 $1,824.0 SO.4
Superfund
TOTAL $1,675.0 $1,823.6 $1,823.6 $1.824.0 $0.4
tnteragency Superfund
National Oceanographic
C Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance $2.146.0 $2,212.1 $2,212.1 $2,212.0 -$0.1
Superfund
TOTAL $2.148.0 $2,212.1 $2.212.1 $2,212.0 -$0.1
Interagency Superfund
Department of interior
Hazardous Substance $1,153.4 $1,216.7 $1,216.7 $1,217.0 $0.3
Superfund
TOTAL $1.153.4 $1,216.7 $1,216.7 $1,217.0 $0.3
Interagency Superfund
FEHA-Relocation
Hazardous Substance $5,864.2
Superfund
TOTAL $5,864.2
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance $929.9 $700.2 $700.2 $700.0 JO. 2
Superfund
TOTAL $929.9 $700.2 $700.2 $700.0 $0.2
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health t
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance $36,254.8 $41,915.0 $41,915.0 $21,915.0 -$20,000.0
Superfund
TOTAL $36,254.8 $41,915.0 $41,915.0 $21,915.0 -$20,000.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $123,758.5 $133,492.8 $133,492.8 $109,493.0 -$23,999.8
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $123,758.5 $133,492.8 $133,492.8 $109,493.0 -$23.999.8
.Response - Interagency
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SOPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Recruest
The Agency requests a total of $109,493,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for Interagency activities in 1992, a decrease of
$23,999,800 from 1991. The decrease occurs in the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) in the National Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences
(NIEHS) and in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
This represents the Agencies decision not to request the 1991 Congressional add-
ons for these programs. The requested funding will finance the ongoing Superfund
program activities of the Department of Justice, the United States Coast Guard,
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of the
Interior, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS i
1992ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for ATSDR and
$21,915,000 for NIEHS) for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
request represents a decrease of $24,000,000 ($4,000,000 for ATSDR and
$20,000,000 for NIEHS) from 1991 levels.
In 1992, ATSDR will continue to provide technical support and expertise as
required under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended, to protect public health and worker
safety, and to determine the toxicologieal and human health impacts associated
with hazardous substances. Emphasis will be placed on expanding state responsi-
bilities and involvement. In response to citizen petitions, ATSDR wills produce
and oversee state production of approximately 170 health assessments for National
Priorities List (NPL) sites? perform pilot health effects studies for approxi-
mately 10 sites; and provide approximately 2,200 health consultations to states,
local governments, and EPA.
In addition, ATSDR will produce and review final versions of 30 toxicologi-
cal profiles initiated in prior fiscal years and draft versions of 20 new
profiles. Health assistance support will be provided for emergency responses
through an estimated 1,000 consultations. ATSDR will; maintain and update one
existing subregistry of the National Exposure Registry; continue five existing
and two new site-specific surveillance projects; operate nine state based
surveillance projects; and initiate six epidemiologic studies based on findings
of pilot health studies. Technical assistance will continue to the health
community by maintenance of automated directories and information systems such
as the Toxological Network (TOXNET) and the Environmental Health Information
Resources Directory.
In 1992, NIEHS wills continue to provide basic research grants for the
development of improved methods and technologies to detect hazardous substances
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in human health and environmental media; assess and evaluate risks and healt1
effects from hazardous substances; and develop methods for the treatment anc
attenuation of these effects. Biomedical research will be conducted at 11
universities by teams of engineering, physical, and environmental scientists.
In total, 87 studies will be supported. Graduate students and post-doctoral
researchers will assist in research conducted at NIEHS-supported universities.
NIEHS will manage a grant program to provide training to workers, such as
laborers, emergency responders, and hazardous material transporters, and
supervisors engaged in activities related to hazardous substance removal and
containment. The twenty-one grants awarded to train workers and supervisors will
be monitored for their efficiency and effectiveness.
19:91 Progrjm
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of 590,415,000 ($48,500,000 for
ATSDR and $41,915,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriat ion.
In 1991, ATSDR ie: conducting health assessments at all sites proposed for
the NPL; conducting health studies at those sites when needed; investigating
complaints of illness or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances;
developing appropriate biological testing for exposed Individuals; and developing
and maintaining registries of exposed individuals. CERCLA requires ATSDR to
perform a health assessment within one year from the date of an NPL site
proposal.
Additional and expanded activities mandated by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 for ATSDR are to: develop a list of priority
chemicals and produce toxicological profiles on those chemicals at the rate of
25 per year; oversee an estimated 1,100 health assessments and health consulta-
tions in response to citizen petitions; develop a research program to help fill
data gaps on toxicological profile chemicals; prepare and disseminate health
education information; and report to Congress on health-related activities.
In 1991, NIEHS is enhancing its basic research and training, and worker
safety training grants programs. Approximately 30 additional research studies
are being funded at the eleven universities conducting research. Through two
scientific conferences, NIEHS distributes research findings, pilots new
technologies, integrates research findings, and identifies continuing information
gaps. Emphasis on technology transfer is increased in 1991. In the worker
safety grants program, NIEHS will implement the recommendations of the
evaluations of the first 11 training grant programs. The evaluations were
conducted to ensure that the grantees are providing a program of high quality
instruction to workers targeted by the program and to ensure that the training
received is being used by workers such as laborers and emergency responders who
are, or may be, engaged in activities related to hazardous substance removal and
containment.
Conorsssip.na 1 Directives. A total of $24,000,000 is for Congressionally directed
projects: $4,000,000 for ATSDR; $10,000,000 for the NIEHS university basec
research and education program; and $10,000,000 for NIEHS worker training.
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J.990 Accomplishments
In 1990, $81,433,800 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS ($45,179,000 for ATSDR and $36,254,800 for NIEHS).
In 1990, ATSDR completed 217 health assessments, bringing total completions
to 1,200. ATSDR also completed one ongoing pilot study/investigation on a
selected population, continued work on 13 studies, initiated five health studies,
and provided approximately 1,850 health consultations. In compliance with CERCLA
Section 104 (i) (3); which requires ATSDR to prepare toxicological profiles on the
first 100 most hazardous substances found at Superfund sites, ATSDR completed 30
profiles covering 43 new and five updated substances during 1990. ATSDR
conducted approximately 1,000 health consultations to private and public health
care providers. The program added four sites to the Toxic Chemical Evaluation
(TCE) sub-registry. In addition, a dioxin tub-registry was maintained. Work
continued on the development of the policies and procedures for the National
Disease Registry. ATSDR's health education activities during 1990 included: the
continuation of training for state and local health officials on the use of the
TOXNET and other on-line systems operated by the National Library of Medicine;
the development of environmental health case studies for use by the medical
community; and education activities through the environmental and occupational
health clinic network.
In 1990, 11 universities received funding from NIEHS to conduct 103
separate basic research studies in a grants program designed to fulfill the
requirements of a Superfund Basic Research and Professional Training Plan. The
Plan was developed by NIEHS and approved by the HHS Advisory Council on Hazardous
Substances Research and Training, as required by Section 311(a) of SARA.
The number of organizations receiving worker training safety grants
increased from 11 to 16. These additional grantee organizations used training
materials developed by NIEHS's original grantees. The number of trainees in
these programs has increased to 95,000. NIEHS also maintained a clearing house
established by and for its grantees to assure the communication and coordination
of a Nationwide training effort in Superfund worker training.
DEPARTMENT OFJUSTICE(POJ)
199 2 ^Pjrp.gr am. Requ e s t
The Agency requests a total of $32,324,000 for DOJ from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. There is no change from 1991.
In 1992, the requested resources will support expanded Superfund cases.
DOJ will maintain its support to the Agency in reviewing negotiated consent
decrees, de minimis settlements, enforcement of information requests, and an
expanded docket of access cases. ' In addition, DOJ will impose civil penalties
in instances where PRPs: violate notification requirements of CERCLA; deny access
to sit.ee; destroy records; violate financial responsibility regulations; or
violate administrative and judicial settlement agreements. DOJ will pursue
criminal cases and continue to provide support to EPA'e expanded cost recovery
efforts. DOJ will also defend the Agency against citizen suits, pre-enforcement
review cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges to EPA administrative civil
penalty decisions.
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1991Program
In 1991, the Agency i« allocating a total of $32,324,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOJ. DOJ is providing civil and criminal
enforcement litigation which includes counseling on and enforcing administrative
orders, giving warrants for entry, instituting suits to compel removal and
remedial actions, and recovering response costs incurred by the Fund.
1990Accompliahmenta
In 1990, $25,754,200 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities. Key accomplishment• included the filing of 43
settlement/injunctive (CERCLA Section 106} cases and 77 cost recovery (CERCLA
Section 107) cases. In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 63 Section
106 and 120 Section 107 on-going cases filed prior to 1990. DOJ also concluded
29 Section 106 cases and 20 Section 107 cases by consent decrees.
UNITED STATESCOAST GUARD (USCG1
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,801,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG. This is a decrease of $200 from the 1991
level.
In 1992, the USCG will continue to reduce the occurrence and effects of
releases of hazardous substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, aa
amended. Included in the activities, the USCG will: issue and check Certificates
of Financial Responsibility; investigate hazardous substance spill reports; and
determine penalties and prepare liability assessments for potentially responsible
parties. In addition, the USCG will continue to minimize the effects of releases
of hazardous substances into the coastal environment by providing an adequately
equipped and properly trained workforce to investigate releases and to monitor
or supervise removal actions. The USCG will also ensure the effective management
of the CERCLA program within its purview. It will enhance the effectiveness of
USCG policies and plans that are established and maintained to aid On-Scene
Coordinators (OSCe) in successfully dealing with CERCLA incidents. Additional
responsibilities will include: providing a central point of contact for receiving
reports of releases of hazardous substances and notifying the pre-designated
Federal OSC; providing assistance in assessing the hazards of released
substances; and supporting the National Response Team (NRT) and Regional Response
teams (RRTs). The USCG will also continue the medical monitoring system to
minimize the possibility of any physical impairment or harmful effects to USCG
enforcement or response personnel from exposure to hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,801,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the USCG.
The USCG provides a central point of contact for receiving reports of
releases of hazardous substances and notifies the pre-designated OSC and other
\
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Appropriate governmental and/or private entities. The USCG provides assistance
in the assessment of the hazards of released pollutants. It supports the NET and
1ST components of the National response mechanism. The USCG continues the
medical monitoring system to minimize the possibility of any physical impairment
or harmful effects to USCG enforcement or response personnel from exposure to
hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants. The USCG develops and
maintains information systems for program management analysis and the necessary
chemical assessment data systems for proper response .to hazardous substance
incidents.
/
1990 Aecomoliahments /
In 1990, $4,800,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Response
appropriation for the USCG. These resources were used to conduct response
training for USCG personnel, upgrade the capabilities of the National Response
Center (NRG), maintain safety equipment, and support field data systems that aid
response programs and minimize the possibility of harm to personnel from exposure
to hazardous substances. In addition, funds supported active participation by
the USCG on the NRT and RRTs.
NATIONAL OCEANIC ANP ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION fNOAAl
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,212,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. This is a decrease of $100 from the 1991
level.
In 1992, these resources will allow NOAA to continue its efforts to support
technical assistance to OSCs for releases of hazardous substances in coastal and
marine areas. NOAA will continue to develop and improve Information sources,
analytical systems, and computer-based tools, such as the Computer-Aided
Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) program, to minimize risk and improve
the effectiveness of response operations. In addition, NOAA will continue to
provide technical support to the Agency during hazardous waste site investiga-
tions to identify and assess risks to coastal resources. NOAA will act as
technical liaison with the Agency and other Federal, state, and local agencies
on coastal resource issues of common interest.
J.991 Program <
In 1991, the Agency is allocating $2,212,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. In addition to its continuing responsibili-
ties, NOAA will provide technical support for activities associated with
hazardous waste site removal and remedial actions affecting coastal and marine
resources; develop and conduct field testing of advanced chemical sampling
analytical equipment used for response operations? and provide policy support to
the NRT/RRTe and to state and local entities in the areas of contingency
planning, community relations, communications, preparedness evaluation, and
training.
jj.9.3,0 Accpmpliehments
In 1990, $2,148,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
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appropriation by NOAA. These resources were used to support NOAA'a ongoinc
operations including the purchase, development, and field testing of atate-of
the-art sampling and analytical equipment necessary for efficient and safe
response operations associated with implementing the Super fund program. Funds
were also used to support the computer-based communication and Information
systems to provide identification of likely accident location, trajectory
analysis of spilled hazardous materials, potential human and environmental
impacts of accidents, and training for response personnel via spill simulation.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (POI|
1992 Program
The Agency requests a total of $1,217,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI. This is an increase of $300 from the 1991
level.
DOI will continue to: participate in NRT/RRT preparedness and training
activities; provide coordination of its range of natural resource and other
scientific and technical expertise with Headquarters personnel in agencies
participating in the NRT; provide guidance, consultation, technical assistance
and training to states and local governments on emergency preparedness and
response planning; provide staff support functions to the administration of the
National Response System; and provide direction and technical information to
field units with respect to releases of hazardous substances, whether they occur
at Superfund sites or as emergency incidents. In addition, DOI will conduct
training sessions and workshops, develop guidance, and provide consultation.
Technical assistance to develop and enhance state and Federal trustee officials'
capacity to conduct natural resource damage assessments will be emphasized.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,216,700 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. DOI participates in ROT (nine DOI
Regions covering thirteen standing RRTs preparedness and training activities, as
well as administrative work group activities. To ensure that proper consider-
ation is given to natural resources and sensitive, environments, DOI provides
guidance, consultation, technical assistance, and training to states and local
governments. DOI also conducts training sessions and workshops, develops
guidance, and provides consultation and technical assistance enhancing state and
Federal trustee officials' capacity to conduct natural resource damage
assessments. These efforts result in effective claims for compensation of
natural resource losses or injuries from releases of hazardous substances, from
Superfund sites or during emergency incidents.
1990 Accompli shments
In 1990, $1,153,400 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOI. These resources enabled DOI to participate in KRT/RRT
preparedness and training activities and to continue its involvement in state and
local emergency preparedness and technical assistance to natural resources
trustees.
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FEBERRL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMAi
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,824,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA. This is an increase of $400 from the 1991
level.
In 1992, FEMA will continue to support the Superfund program in the
management and coordination of training programs for local officials through the
Emergency Management Institute and the National Fire Academy. These courses
provide training to expeditiously respond to hazardous materials incidents,
preserve the environment, and protect public health and safety. Resources will
be used to maintain local, state, and Federal emergency preparedness and
administrative support. Resources will continue to fund the distribution of
educational materials at state and local levels, and to support the training and
team building necessary to enhance specialized response capabilities.
jL99.1.=.Prp.gr:.am
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,823,600, of which $140,400
is supporting temporary and permanent relocations from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1991, FEMA continues to provide technical assistance to state and local
governments through improved coordination with the RRT for all preparedness
activities, including contingency plan review, training support, planning support
for four Regional workshops, and exercise evaluations. FEMA provides support to
the NRT initiatives for information exchange.
In 1991, the permanent and temporary relocation program is being
redelegated to the Agency. During 1991, FEMA will continue to work with the
projects already started in previous years.
1990 Accompl ishment;s
In 1990, $1,675,000, of which $334,238 supported temporary and permanent
relocations was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund by FEMA. These
resources were used to: support FEMA's development of relocations guidelines and
regulations; provide management oversight for temporary and permanent locations;
provide preparedness guidance and technical assistance to .state and local
governments; maintain the FEMA/Department of Transportation information exchange
system; enhance coordination of hazardous materials issues with the public and
private sector; provide continued support for NRT/RRT initiatives; and support
the FEMA/EPA instructor exchange program. FEMA also enhanced knowledge, skill,
and ability standards for instructors and continued to deliver existing training
systems at the state and local level.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND. HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA|
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $700,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. This ie a decrease of $200 from the 1991
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level.
Zn 1992, OSHA will conduct six compliance assistance visits to review site
safety and health plans and programs. OSHA will increase correspondence and
participation in conferences to explain the requirementa of its Hazardous Waste
Standard (HWS), to requestors. OSHA will also provide technical assistance to
EPA and other Federal agencies, and develop guidelines and procedures in the
composition of manuals for assessing safety and health at hazardous waste sites.
In addition, OSHA will continue to participate actively in the NRT and RRTs by
providing outreach and technical assistance to other team member .agencies.
Zn 1992, OSHA willi complete its implementation of the HWS by developing
a training certification program for hazardous waste and emergency response
operations to ensure that hazardous waste workers are properly trained; conduct
approximately 50 audits and evaluations during 1992; and conduct inspections at
approximately 30 hazardous waste sites, based upon referrals from the Agency, or
other hazardous situations identified for the Agency. Zn addition, the 20 states
and 2 territories which operate OSHA approved Safety and Health Programs will
conduct 22 inspections.
199.1 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $700,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for OSHA.
OSHA continues to conduct safety and health inspections at Superfund sites
and provide assistance at the sites to the NRT/RRTs. The resources allow OSHA
to support: technical assistance at hazardous waste Bites? worker safety
inspections and enforcement at sites where Superfund remedial actions are
underway; and assistance to the NRT/RRT in preparedness and training activities.
Funds are 'also applied to support: information sharing activities; the review and
development of contingency plans; participation in simulation exercises; and
training activities. OSHA uses resources to develop required standards for the
certification of training for employees engaged in hazardous waste operations.
1990AccompliBhments
In 1990, $929,900 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by OSHA. The funds were used tos train OSHA inapectorsj maintain
a special Inspection program for Superfund sites; provide technical assistance
to EPA; provide support for the activities of the NRT/RRTu, and enforce a
required worker protection standard.
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Enforcement
SECTIOM TAB
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Page Intentionally Blank
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement ............ 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement - - 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement . . ... 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations ..... 14-61
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement . 14-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement ...... 14-64
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Page Intentionally Blank
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous substances Rtspons*»Enfof€«Knt
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS}
Hazardous Substar>ce-
Technicat Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Subetance-
legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$121,706.0 1118,562.3 S118,562.3 $120,350.0
TOTAL $121,706.0 $118,562.3 S1IB,562.3 $120,350.0
$21,872.3 $22,944.0 $22,946.1 $25,757.6
TOTAL $21,872.3 $22.946.0 $22,946,1 $25,757.6
Hazardous Substtnce-
Criwinal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Response-Enforcement
TOTAL
$1,425.9 $1,572.4 $1,572.4 $1,603.8
$1,425.9 $1,572.4 $1,572.4 $1,603.8
$13,448.8 $10,749.9 $10,749.9 $10,612.7
TOTAL $13,448.8 $10,749.9 $10,749.9 $10,812.7
TOTAL
$21,073.0 $21,073.0 $32,011.9
$21,073.0 $21,073.0 $32,011.9
$1,787.7
$1,787.7
$2,811.5
$2,811.5
$31.4
$31.4
$62.8
$62.8
$10,938.9
$10,936.9
$158,453.0 $174,903.6 $174,903.7 $190,536.0 $15,632.3
TOTAL $158,453.0 S174,903.6 $174,903.7 $190,536.0 $15,632.3
PERMANENT WORKYiARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
45.3
45,4
45.4
45.4
0.0
802.6
338.1
18.7
807.4
398.5 .'.
17.2
114.2
807.4
398.5
17.2
114.2
858.7
429.3
17.2
240.1
51.3
30.8
125.9
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
1,204,7 1,382.7 1.382.7 1,590.7
208.0
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Subctance-
L«gal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
CrininaL Investigations
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
TOTAL UORKYEARS
850.8
381.8
18.7
46.9
298.2
8(8.7
419.3
17.2
45,4
115.0
1,445.6
848.7
419.3
17.2
45.4
115.0
1.445.6
858.7
429.3
17.2
45.4
240.1
1,590.7
10.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
125.1
145.1
14-55'
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency request a total of $190,536,000 supported by 1,590.7 workyears
for 1992 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for technical,
administrative and legal enforcement activities. When included with the budgets
of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Office of General Counsel, the total
Superfund request is $225.0 million and 1,628.6 workyeara. This is an increase
of $15,632,300 and 145.1 total workyears from the level provided in 1991. The
increase supports the "Enforcement-first" approach, recommended in the
Administrator's Superfund Management Review (SMR), increased Federal facility
oversight and enhanced efforts to achieve potentially responsible party (PRP)
Bite remediation and recover Federal and state costs from PRPs.
HAf ARDOUS SPESTANCETECHNICAL ENFpRCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $120,350,000 and 858.7 workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $1,787,700 and 10 workyeare from 1991.
Additional funds will be used to provide support for PRP remedial and removal
response actions and cost recovery actions. The increase in workyears reflects
a shift in resources from the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program to the
Technical Enforcement program for information management activities.
The Technical Enforcement program will strengthen its program infrastruc-
ture by: increasing the number of civil investigators identifying PRPs; improving
its cost documentation efforts in support of cost recoveries; and increasing its
focus on management of the administrative record. This will minimize delays in
negotiations with PRPs and thus continue the trend toward an increased percentage
of sites remediated by PRPs. Emphasis on the PRP searches will also serve to
strengthen enforcement action against recalcitrants PRPe. The Agency will
continue to direct its use of available administrative and judicial enforcement
tools on obtaining PRP response actions, and will focus on managing and bringing
to successful closure PRP response and enforcement actions already underway.
PRPs not responding to "requests for information will be subject to enforcement
actions. The enforcement program will oversee PRP conduct of the study and
remedy selection and site remediation phase of the process.
The Agency will encourage settlements with PRPs through the use of de
minimiB and mixed funding settlements. Where settlements are not achieved, the
Agency will issue administrative orders and, in some cases, pursue litigation for
injunctive relief. The Agency will also pursue non-settlers, and follow with
aggressive cost recovery actions when the Trust Fund is. used for removal and
remediation response actions. The Agency will seek treble damages when
compliance has not been reached on a unilateral order. The enforcement program
will place priority on large cases and cases constrained by statute of
limitations. This strategy will result in the return of needed resources to the
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Trust Fund and, in the long tern, increased compliance with Superfund enforcement
actions.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency ia allocating a total of $118,562,300 supported by
848.7 total workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation, to secure and oversee PRP response at National priorities List
(NPL) an'd other priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.
The Agency is continuously strengthening its enforcement program as a result
of the SMR. Increased focus is placed on finding PRPs early in the process and
exhausting all available enforcement tools to obtain their response before using
the Trust Fund. Where PRPs fail to respond to information requests adequately,
prompt enforcement follows. To encourage settlement, the Agency is pursuing de
minimi B and mixed funding settlements. Where negotiations fail to achieve
settlement, the Agency is strengthening its efforts against non-settlers by
issuing unilateral orders to achieve response or to establish treble damage
claims for cost recovery.
If a PRP settles, strong oversight at the start of the process will prevent
unnecessary delays at the remedy selection phase. Where necessary, stipulated
penalties or conducting alternative dispute resolution are undertaken where the
PRPs are out of compliance with the administrative order or consent decree.
Where Fund-financed action has been undertaken, the program is pursuing
administrative or judicial cost recovery actions. Aggressive cost recovery
actions against non-settlers will increase the cost of recalcitrance.
Congressional directive; A total of $100,000 is for the Congressionally directed
increase for a PRP study in Vermont.
1990
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total 'of $121,706,000 supported by 850.8
total workyeara, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. During 1990, responsibility for Federal facility oversight was
moved from Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement to the Office of Enforce-
ment.
During 1990, PRP remedial response continued to exceed half the remedial
actions initiated. The program also concluded remedial design/remedial action
negotiations and referred cases to DOJ resulting in 60 Consent Decrees and 44
Unilateral Administrative Orders. Agreements and orders in compliance at 97
sites resulted in remedial work valued at nearly $1 billion. For the entire
program, the value of response was over $1.3 billion. Funds received as a
result of cost recovery actions exceeded $100 million.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,757,600 supported by 429.3 total
workyeare for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
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Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,811,500 and an
increase of 10.0 workyears from 1991. The dollar increase reflects Increased
personnel and support costs. The increase In workyears reflects legal .support
to the regional Federal Facilities enforcement activities.
Federal Superfund legal enforcement work will continue in two major areas:
(1) actions to secure privately-financed fite cleanups, and (2) cost recovery
actions to recoup Superfund Trust Fund resources expended in Fund-financed
cleanup 'activities. These actions will allow Fund resources to be focused on
abandoned sites or sites with insolvent responsible parties where direct use of
the Fund presents the only available response option. "Cost recovery* actions
will return prior expended monies to the Fund and permit resources to address a
larger number of sites. In addition, increased emphasis on Federal facility
cleanup will provide an example for private party cleanup of National Priority
Listing (NPL) sites.
Headquarters activity will ensure a balanced technical and legal
enforcement program. Particular emphasis will be placed on providing legal
support for expeditiously moving Superfund sites through the "pipeline* of
cleanup responsibilities. Remedial design/remedial action settlements will
facilitate the conduct of Potentially Responsible Party (PRPs) cleanup.
Program oversight will identify major program goals that include: (1)
achieving greater numbers of remedial cost recovery actions; (2) conducting RD/RA
consent decree enforcement; and (3) supporting Federal Facility Interagency
Agreement (X&G) negotiation work. Management information Bystems which were
developed in 1930 to track naw or refined indicators of Superfund enforcement
accomplishments will continue to be utilized to ensure that key information
necessary to formulate policy objectives is available.
Headquarters will focus its litigation work on areas recommended in the
Superfund Management Review (SMR) such as unilateral administrative and judicial
enforcement, enforcement against non-settlers, enforcement against information
request non-respondents, and treble damage and civil penalty claims. In
addition, cost recovery efforts will be expanded to monitor the progress of
referrals for pre-SARA remedial starts. Headquarters capacity building
activities will continue to focue on attorney training through the Superfund
Training Institute because of the high attorney turnover rate and the complexity
of Superfund cases.
Negotiated settlements will remain the Agency's primary goal and will
necessitate early involvement in the enforcement process. The Agency policy of
"enforcement first" will place high priority on negotiations with (and unilateral
enforcement against) Potentially Responsible parties for site cleanup. The
statutory mandate for public participation and the use of several Superfund
Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) enforcement remedies will continue to
produce a dramatic expansion in Regional legal enforcement workload.
inioi
Regions legal enforcement in 1992 will support follow-up of unilateral
Section 106 administrative orders, as well as Section 107 cost recovery cases.
Legal actions will be aggressively pursued for maximum impact to potentially
responsible parties currently in negotiations.
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A total of 10.0 additional workyeara in 1992 will provide Regional legal
support to the Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement Regional »taff ir.
responding to changes in existing IXGs and Regional Federal Facilities
enforcement activities, mm more DOE and DOD Superfund sites require subsequent
negotiations, and dispute resolution of existing Interagency Agreements (IAGs)
is also required.
19 9 j Program
•In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,946,100 supported by 419.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1991, the "enforcement first policy" of the Superfund Management Review
(SMR) will continue to be implemented to achieve greater numbers of PRP site
cleanup actions. To ensure full support to technical enforcement efforts for
meeting statutory deadlines for Remedial Design (RD)/Remedial Action (RA),
Headquarters will deploy troubleahooters with national expertise to provide
targeted, hands-on supplementary support for key cases. The enforcement
strategy, as Identified in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response's
(OSWER) FY 1991-1994 Strategic Plan, is incorporating targeted enforcement
actions through increased use of risk and geographic indicators focusing
enforcement resources and setting program priorities. Headquarters legal staff
are developing an interim policy for the Regions on Section 106(b)(2) private
party petitions for reimbursement of cleanup costs.
Headquarters activity in 1991 will focus on the following areas:
finalization and implementation of non-settler strategy; Issuance of the model
RD/RA consent decree; refinement of the strategy of de minimis and non-binding
preliminary allocation of responsibility (NBAR) settlement authorities;
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Superfund settlements; implementation of the
information request enforcement strategy; and implementation of the Section 106
penalty and Section 107 treble damage settlement policies. In addition, Regional
reviews are conducted quarterly to focus on attainment of revised policy
objectives and the quality and quantity of Regional legal enforcement work.
Headquarters litigation management work will focus on areas such as greater
use of unilateral administrative and judicial enforcement, enforcement against
non-settlere, enforcement against information request non-respondents, and treble
damage and civil penalty claims. Management of civil cases will include support
to Charles George, Operating industries. Strinqfellow, Lioari Landfill. &o.y_e
Canal, and other significant or nationally-managed cases, as well as cases using
pre-referral negotiation procedures. Headquarters will initiate a system for
monitoring private party litigation to track precedential rulings. Headquarters
capacity building activity will expand to cover new areas of emphasis in attorney
training.
Regional legal enforcement work continues in 1991 on a number of major
Sections 10S and 10? cases, many of which are expected to reach successful
resolution. Intense legal involvement early in the enforcement actions will
continue to improve the Agency's negotiating position and lead to achievement of
stronger settlements. The upsurge in administrative enforcement as an effective
tool to encouraging private party cleanup is expected to continue in 1991. In
addition, judicial actions will be pursued where administrative enforcement tools
14-59
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do not succeed In securing response action, where remedial settlements need to
be documented, and where cost* associated with Fund-financed site cleanups
require recovery. Legal actions against PRS>s will be aggressively pursued both
for maximum impact and to encourage recalcitrant PRPs to enter into negotiations.
In addition, further activities to coordinate with natural resource trustees will
be undertaken.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated $21,872,300 supported by 381.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Super fund appropriation.
The direction, scope, and accomplishments of the 1990 legal enforcement
program were strongly influenced by the Superfund Management Review which served
as the major blueprint for the "enforcement first policy* for obtaining site
cleanup by potentially responsible parties.
Program accomplishments in 1990 reflected the emphasis placed on
enforcement. The Agency dramatically increased the level of Superfund judicial
enforcement activity in 1990 with 1S7 civil cases referred to the Department of
Justice primarily seeking injunctive relief for hazardous waste site cleanup by
potentially responsible parties, recovery of response coats, and securing access
to sites for obtaining information. Significantly more actions were taken to
start long-term site cleanup using the Agency's enforcement tools. For example,
in 1990, the Agency issued 44 unilateral administrative orders for Remedial
Design and Remedial Action (RD/RA) (compared to 28 in 1989) and secured 97 RD/RA
cleanups through settlements or unilateral administrative orders in compliance
(compared to 74 in 1989}. The total estimated value of the 274 settlements
undertaken by the PRPs in 1990 is over $1.3 billion (a nearly five-fold increase
since 1987). To address cost recovery claims, the Agency referred over $185
million in civil actions to the Department of Justice for collection in 1990, up
from $136 million in 1989.
In addition to providing significant support to many ongoing major complex
Superfund negotiations, trials and appeals, Headquarters staff completed many of
the remaining SMR implementation products including: a settlement policy for
municipalities or municipal wastes under Section 122; procedures governing the
pre-referral settlement negotiation process; guidance for unilateral
administrative order authority for remedial designs and remedial actions under
Section 106 (a); guidance on judicial and administrative settlements of
enforcement cases involving multi-media releases; and a model litigation report,
model complaint and model consent decree for Section 104 (e) information request
eases.
In the Regions, legal work continued on a number of previously filed
Sections 106 and 107 cases. Intense legal' and technical preparation early in
enforcement actions improved the negotiating position. Also the increased use
of special notice moratoria and Section 106 unilateral administrative orders in
the event settlement was not reached in a timely fashion improved the negotiating
position. In 1990, a large proportion of Regional legal resources were utilized
in preliminary enforcement activity and administrative enforcement. Judicial
actions were used where administrative enforcement tools did not succeed in
securing response actions. Continued efforts have been made to improve and
14-6-0
X. '
-------
expedite the litigation process. For example, proaection of section 107 eases
has benefitted from a Headquarters-developed computer model for calculation ol
interest payable by defendant* in cost recovery proceedings. In addition to
actions against potentially responsible parties, Regional legal resources were
heavily involved in significant Federal Facilities negotiations, at facilities
such as Fern&ld. Rockv MountainArsenal• Rocky ^Plats, and Aberdeen Proving
Ground, which wore intended to result in Interageney cleanup of federally-owned
sites.
In 1990, as a result of an Agency reorganization, the Superfund Federal
Facilities program of the Office of Federal Activities were provided here. The
Federal Facilities program continued to develop communication vehicles to
exchange information on Section 120 Interageney Agreements, Sub-part K to the
National Contingency Plan on Federal Facilities, the Federal Agency Hazardous
Compliance Docket, and Superfund activities and guidance pertinent to Federal
facilities.
HAZARDOUS SOT5TRNCECRIHINM,__IffVESTIGRIjrOW
1992 Procrraro Reerueat
the Agency requests a total of $1,603,800 supported by 17.2 total workyeare
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $31,400 and no change in total
workyeare from 1991. The dollar increase is provided for additional operating
costs
Criminal referrals and indictments continue to grow due to changes in
statutory authority, growth in National Priority List sites, and increased
commitment to Federal facility enforcement. Criminal sanctions under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) have changed
from misdemeanors to felonies (punishable by a maximum of 3 years imprisonment,
5 years for second and subsequent convictions) for; failure to report or
submitting false information on releases of hazardous substances; destruction or
falsification of records; or submitting false information in a clean up.
There were 35 new criminal investigations initiated by the end of the first
quarter of 1991, with a record number of new CERCLA investigations projected for
1991. This increased level of criminal investigation activity is expected to
continue into 1992. The program also promotes investigative aspects of CERCLA
criminal case development by establishing and implementing training programs for
Agency personnel.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a to'tal of $1,572,400 supported by 17.2
total workyeara for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Referral and indictment activities have grown over the last several years.
The basic goal is the initiation and conduct of criminal investigations under
CERCLA. This program takes the lead in prosecuting criminal cases of national
significance with precedent-setting potential.
14-61
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Many investigation* begun as CERCLA investigations, with potential use of
Fund resource* for cleanup at apparently abandoned sites, are subsequently
prosecuted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). This results
In the Agency's record-keeping systems understating the level of effort for
CERCLA-related cases* These types of RCRA cases with related CIRCLA/SARA
offenses account for approximately SO percent of field agents' caseloads and
manpower commitments. Currently there are 110 criminal cases alleging CERCLA
violations out of an active caseload of 218 cases.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,425,900 supported by 18.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which wa* from the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation*
In 1990, the Criminal Investigation Program took the lead in prosecuting
criminal cases of national significance with precedent setting potential with
field agents and prosecuting attorneys often combining CERCLA investigations with
RCRA investigations. During 1990, there were 105 criminal cases alleging CERCLA
violations out of an active caseload of 216 cases. In 1988 there were 97 new
cases, in 1989 there were 120 new cases and in 1990 there were 112 new cases
added to the criminal docket. The number of CERCLA-related convictions has
increased over past years; there were 8 cases with CERCLA convictions in 1988,
18 in 1989 and 17 in 1990. The program also provided several training programs
for Agency and State personnel in CERCLA criminal case investigations.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1992Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,812,700 supported by 45.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $62,800 and no change
in total workyears from 1991. The dollar increase will provide for additional
operating costs.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will provide
necessary technical support to Superfund civil and Criminal cases. NEIC support
of high priority cases utilizes national expertise in areas such as information
systems, engineering and analytical chemistry. NEIC will continue to conduct
investigations at Federal facilities or government-owned contractor-operated
facilities, including evaluation of past on-site hazardous substance disposal
practices. This information will be used to determine site clean-up priorities
and develop model evaluation procedures and remedial programs applicable at other
facilities.
3,991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,749,900 supported by 45.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation*
In 1991, NEIC's activities include providing technical consultation and
assistance in site evaluations and case preparations through;
14-62
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a) extensive background information and data review and analysis;
b) field investigation, information retrieval and evaluation;
c) laboratory analysis;
d) report preparation;
e) supplemental technical information development;
f) fully defensible evidence and work products meeting all chain-of-
cuntody and document control requirements;
g) fact and expert technical testimony; and
h) support during Superfund cost recovery activities against
potentially responsible parties.
HE1C will continue to provide support evidence audit and/or computerized
files development for numerous sites and provide training, placement and
oversight of contractor evidence audit personnel in each Region. Extensive
technical assistance to EPA and States on laboratory analytical procedures;
preparation and handling of high hazardous samples; disposal of hazardous
laboratory waste; sample shipping procedures? training of EPA and State
inspectors regarding site investigations and safety procedures; and in-depth
studies of chemical hazards to laboratory and field personnel engaged ir.
hazardous waste investigations will continue.
In 1991, NEIC's function of developing procedures in unique enforcement
cases is expanding to provide advice and assistance to Regional offices on case
preparation and evidence support for Section 106 orders and subsequent potential
judicial actions, as well as technical support and information retrieval and
interpretation in cost recovery actions. In addition, Geographical Information
System (CIS) technology is expanding to incorporate Superfund site evaluations
by delineating hazardous plumes, work profiles, and buried materials. These
activities support recommendations in EPA's Superfund Management Review.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $13,448,600 supported by 46.9
workyeare, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, NEIC provided financial assessments from the Superfund Financial
Assessment System (SFFAS) to enable enforcement attorneys to estimate a
potentially responsible party's ability to pay clean-up costs at Superfund sites.
In addition, potentially responsible party (PRPj information from data bases
developed by the NEIC was provided as part of a networking effort to allow
Regional attorneys to share litigation strategies when PRPe are identified across
Regions. Especially noteworthy contributions are:
a) characterization of hazardous waste (fingerprinting);
14-63
-------
b) inclusion of the CERC1A requirements in investigating compliance at
major Federal facilities;
c) widespread Regional use of the contractor evidence audit litigation
support program; and
d) computerized information aystem aearchea of PRPa.
NZIC also provided significant technical support to CERCLA Section 10? cost
recovery actions at three major sites - Stringf allow, Bunker Hill, and Charles
George. A record of decision (ROD) for the Stringfellow site included remedies
valued at over $100 million. HEIC's technical support on the Bunker Hill site
was instrumental in obtaining agreements with the PRPa for almost
S5 million in remedial action. In addition, KEIC provided witness support under
the Federal Rule for Civil Procedures and technical assistance in conducting
depositions on the Charles Georoe case.
HAZARDOUS SUBST&NCILJ'EPERAL FACILITIES ENFORCEMENT
1992 Proram
The Agency requests a total of $32,011,900 supported by 240.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an Increase of $10,938,900 and an
increase of 125.1 total workyears from 1991. The dollar increase in Superfund
reflects increased personnel costs and additional contract support. The
increases in total workyears will augment ongoing EPA technical oversight at
primarily Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DOD) and Department
of Interior (DOI) Superfund National Priority List (NPL) site cleanups under
CERCLA Section 120 Interagency Agreements (IAGs). (The request is part of a
135.1 workyears total increase for Federal facility Enforcement. Ten years are
provided for Regional Legal Support.) This total increase will provide the
Agency with adequate resources to oversee cleanups at the 116 Superfund cleanup
sites on the NPL.
Iri 1992, increased workyeare and contract dollars will be used to perform
active oversight at the nation's highest priority cleanup activities. OFFE will
focus on sites which pose the most significant environmental and public health
threats, in particular Department of Energy weapons facilities (i.e., Hartford,
Qakridge, LOB Alamos, Fern a Id) and Department of Defense sites (i.e. Rocky
Mountain Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving Ground, McClellan Air Force Base).
These additional resources will be further leveraged by: implementing a
Federal Facility Enforcement Strategic Plan; providing technical assistance to
Federal agencies; assisting them in streamlining their cleanup programs;
providing risk-based priority guidelines to address worst sites first. This will
further increase the effectiveness of the Federal Government's response programs.
Headquarters will assist the Regions by ; 1) in coordinating and overseeing
nationally-significant "mega sites* and the 116 National Priority List sites
currently governed by provisions in Superfund Federal Facilities IAGe; 2)
providing support on IAG dispute resolutions and amendments; 3) implementing a
national priorities system for Federal Facilities cleanups in consultation with
other Federal agencies and States; 4) issuing guidance on Federal Facility
14-64
-------
oversight; 5) increasing support to joint program management initiatives with DOE
and DOD; 6) fostering capacity building with other Federal agency cleanup
programs (NASA, Department of Agriculture, Department of Interior); and, 8)
providing training programs for other Federal agencies, Govarned-Owned-Contractor
•Operated (COCO) facilities and States.
Headquarters will assist Regional Federal Facility work byi providing
guidance to the Regions through the Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan
(SCAP), modifying the CERCLZS data base system to improve Federal Facility
tracking, maintaining the Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket.
In addition. Headquarters will assist the Regions with oversight of
facilities with multiple "operable units". These sites will require a greater
than average resource investment for negotiations, dispute resolution and
amendments to the IAG.
Regional resources will be used to assist in the technical oversight of
Federal response actions and meeting EPA'* commitments under an ZAG. (EPA's XAGs
with Federal Facilities commit EPA to specific review times, e.g. 45 days). This
review will include technical documents such as Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Study (RI/FSs) and other critical documents, such as the Proposed
Plan and Record of Decision. Regional resources will also support Federal agency
expedited response actions. EPA Federal Facility coordinators will primarily
oversee DOE and DOD site cleanup activities.
Coupled with this request in 1992, 10.0 workyears for Federal Facility work
in the Regions are being requested within the Office of Regional Counsel to
provide legal support. These resources will be specifically identified for
Federal Facility support and are requested within the Hazardous Substance Legal
Enforcement narrative.
Regional legal support is essential to the successful implementation of
existing commitments. Legal resources will primarily support oversight efforts
at those sites which pose the most significant threats, such as DOE and DOD mega
sites. In regard to existing XAGs, legal support will be used to ensure IAG
compliance, assist program staff in determining areas of non-compliance, develop
response strategies to non-compliance, support complex and time-consuming dispute
resolution activities and, where appropriate, conduct negotiations for IAG
modifications.
Additionally, there are several enforcement tools available beyond lAGs.
For example, CERCLA Section 106 Administrative Orders have been successfully used
to address imminent and substantial threats at both NPL and non-NPL sites.
Regional staff will continue to pursue regional responses at environmentally
significant sites by identifying and utilizing all appropriate enforcement tools.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of 521,073,000 supported by 115.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
14-65
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The Agency, in 1991, is negotiating 39 CERCLA Section 120 agreements and
with Federal agencies to conduct cleanup of environmental contamination at
Federally-owned facilities. By the end of 1991 EPA will be overseeing a total of
116 Federal Facility XAGs. In addition, EPA will provide technical support for
review of cleanup plane and involve States early in the IAG negotiations process
to gain consensus on the steps necessary to remedy a site. Major program
priorities includet developing a national priorities system for Federal
Facilities cleanups in consultation with other Federal agencies and the Statesi
developing a Federal Facility Enforcement Strategic Plan; providing technical
assistance to Federal agencies; maintaining the Agency Federal Facilities
Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket; and managing the Technical Enforcement Support
contract.
In 1991, Headquarters personnel are formulating the Agency's national
program to oversee ongoing Federal Facility cleanups at 116 National Priority
List sites. Particular emphasis is being placed on providing guidance to
regional personnel ont the COCO enforcement policy; mega-site management;
settlements with Federal Facilities at privately owned sites; RCRA/CERCLA
integration; community relations at Federal Facilities; and, environmental
restoration at military base closures.
Regional resources will be used to assist in the technical oversight of
Federal response actions. EPA Federal Facility coordinators will primarily
oversee DOE, DQD and DOI site cleanup activities. This will include reviewing
technical documents such as Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/Fee).
These resources will also support Federal agency expedited response actions.
In 1991, the Federal Facilities program was moved in a reorganization from
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) into the Office of
Enforcement (OE). Resources in 1990 were transferred from OSWER'a Office of
Waste Programs Enforcement (OWPE) into OE. As a result, the Office of Federal
Facilities Enforcement was created, to provide the Agency, Federal agencies and
States with one focal point for Federal Facility environmental cleanup and
compliance coordination. This activity was provided with a separate budget
program element in the Superfund Appropriation.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, reeources for this activity were incorporated under the Superfund
Technical Enforcement program element.
In 1990, EPA's Superfund Federal Facilities program accomplishments include
the execution of a record 4§ CERCLA Section 120 IAGs at NPL sites. These IA6s
addressed a number of unique and complicated Federal Facility sites, such as the
DOE Rocky Flats Plant. These agreements formed the foundation of EPA's Superfund
Federal facilities enforcement program by describing key Agency responsibilities
and milestones. In addition, EPA, in conjunction with DOJ, responded to several
imminent and substantial threats through CERCLA Section 106 Administrative
Orders. In addition, EPA's efforts to cooperatively address high priority
threats led to the execution of a model agreement with OOD for responding to
sites auctioned by DOD which contained hazardous substances.
In 1990, EPA also initiated policies and procedures to streamline the
Government's response program. By placing greater emphasis on interim remedies
14-66
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and removal actions, EPA was able to assist in leveraging limited Government
resources. EPA also worked closely with DOD and DOE to develop systematic
procedures for setting funding priorities. By working closely with other Federal
agencies, EPA was able to ensure that all priority response actions were funded.
In 1990, EPA initiated a program to address the health and safety needs of
regional personnel involved in NPL site work. In conjunction with Office of
Radiation Programs (ORP), a program was developed to conduct personnel monitoring
for EPA employees at DOE sites containing radioactive contaminants.
14-67
-------
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Tableof Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support ............ 14-68
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-72
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-73
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters .................. 14-75
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters ...... 14-77
Hazardous Substance Support .Services - Regions ........ 14-77
Hazardous Substance Computer Services ..... 14-78
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-76
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions .... 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General ..... 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-81
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller ........... 14-83
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator 14-84
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Management and Support 14-85
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Management K .Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance *
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarter*
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
S15.276.4 $9,495.7 $9,495.7 $9,495.7
TOTAL $15,276.4 $9,495.7 $9,495.7 $9,495.7
14.188.9 $7,993.0 $7,993.0 $7,993.0
TOTAL $4,188.9 $7,993.0 $7,993.0 $7,993.0
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$3,766.0 $4,027.2 $4,027.2 $4,027.2
TOTAL $3,766.0 $4,027.2 $4,027.2 $4,027.2
$4,235.9 $3,430.3 $3,430.3 $3,430.3
TOTAL $4,235,9 $3,430.3 $3,430.3 $3,430.3
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants *
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$8,726.4 $10,464.1 $10,464.1 $10,464.1
TOTAL $8,726.4 $10,464.1 $10,464.1 $10,464.1
TOTAL
$3,004.2 $2,930.4 $2,930.4 $2.930.4
$3,004.2 $2,930.4 $2,930.4 $2,930.4
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Headquarters
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$78810 $788.0 $788.0
$37,452.7 $34,617.9 $34,617.9 $39,964.2
TOTAL $37,452.7 $35,405.9 $35,405.9 $40,752.2
TOTAL
$22,885.1 $22,196.5 $22,195.4 $18,431.3
$22,885.1 $22,196.5 $22,195.4 $18,431.3
$10,023.0 $9,729.8 $9,729.8 $9,729.8
TOTAL $10,023.0 $9,729.8 $9,729.8 $9,729.8
TOTAL
$971.0
$971.0
$910.3
$910.3
$910.3
S910.3
$910.0
$910.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
S5.346.3
$5,346.3
-$3,764.1
-$3,764.1
0.0
0.0
-SO.3
-50.3
14-68
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous $ub§taneti Managaiaent I Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
Hazardous.Substance
Legal Service* *
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Sutatanet-
Offiee of the Inspector
General
Office of Inspector
General
•Hazardous Substance*
Office of Policy.
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
(DOLLARS IH THOUSANDS)
$1,003.3 $1,229.5 81,229.5 SI.230.0 $0.5
TOTAL $1,003.3 $1,229.5 $1,229.5 $1,230.0 $0.5
$9,729.5 $12,318.4 $12,318.4 SK, 166.0 $1,847.6
TOTAL $9,729.5 $12,318,4 $12,318.4 $14,166.0 $1,847.6
$3,265.7 $3,449.6 $3,449.6 $3,450.0 $0.4
TOTAL $3,265.7 $3,449.6 $3,449.6 $3,450.0 $0.4
$911.3 $1,081.0 $1,081.0 $1,081.0 0.0
TOTAL $911.3 $1,081.0 $1,081.0 $1,081.0 0.0
$1,078.6 $1,322.6 $1,322.6 $1,023.0 -5299.6
TOTAL $1,078.6 $1,322.6 $1,322.6 $1,023.0 -S2V9.6
$821.8 $714.1 $714.1 $2,149.6 $1,435.5
TOTAL $821.8 $714.1 $714.1 $2,149.6 $1,435.5
$9,729.5 $13,106.4 $13,106.4 $14,954.0 $1,847.6
$117,610.3 $113,592.0 $113,590.9 $116,309.6 $2,7lfl.7
Management and Support TOTAL 1127,339.8 1126,698.4 $126,697.3 $131,263.6 $4,566.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
55.9 57.9
88.5
97.6
49.3 50.6
57.9
50.6
57.9
97.6 100.9
50.6
0.0
3.3
0.0
14-69
-------
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Support Services *
8egtoos
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
SUPER FUWJ
Hazardous Substances Management t Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT BEQUEST INCREASE «•
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE *
1991 1992 m 1991
Hazardous Substance
A Ail nist native
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts »nd Grants -
Headquarter*
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grant* -
Regions
Hazardous Siiwtance
Legal Services *
'Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Sifcstance-
(DOLLA8S IK THOUSANDS)
88.3 66.4 66.4 68.8 2.4
116.9 140.2 140.2 140.2 0.0
59.4 52.0 52.0 57.0 5.0
9.8 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
21.1 23.8 23.8 25.9 2.1
60.9 84.8 84.8 95,8 11.0
o.s
10.2
12.1
12.1
13.1
1.0
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
support
12.2
7.8
1.8
13.9 13.9
13.9
11.4
1.8
11.4 11.4
1.8
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL PERHANENT WORCYEARS
582.6 624.5 624.5 649.3
24.8
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarter*
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
A ctninist native
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
57.0
57.9 57.9
57.9
92.2 100.9 100.9 100.9
51.1 50.6 50.6 50.6
97.2 68.8 68.8 68.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14-70
-------
SUPERFUMD
Hazardous Substances Management I Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants *
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Support Services •
Regions
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy.
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance-
118.8
62.5
10.3
23.0
0.5
61.0
10.7
12.2
8.1
1.8
(DOLLARS
140.2
57.0
12.0
25.9
84.8
13.1
13.9
11.4
1.8
IN THOUSANDS)
140.2 140.2
57.0 57.0
12.0 12.0
25.9 25.9
84.8 9S.8
13.1 13.1
13.9 13.9
11.4 11.4
1.8 1.8
• 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
TOTAL UORKYEARS
606.4 638.3 638.3 649.3
11.0
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $131,263,600 and 649.3 total workyears in
1992, an Increase of 4,566,300 and 11.0 total workyears. All of the request Is
for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
.992 Pro Reuest
The Agency requests a total of $9,495,700 supported by 57.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from 1991. The program will continue
to provide the level of Headquarters financial management support necessary to
ensure the financial integrity of Superfund site-specific cost accounting data.
This encompasses the review and reconciliation of Headquarters site-specific
documents as they are being processed to assure that the information is accurate
as well as to assure that it is entered into the Integrated Financial Management
System accurately. It also includes monitoring of Headquarters costs charged to
site-specific accounts by EPA employees, other Federal agencies, state and local
governments, and commercial entities to ensure that amounts are properly
documented and within budget. The program will also calculate and apply indirect
cost rates to assure that full Agency costs are charged to sites and claimed in
cost recovery actions. In addition, the program will provide basic financial
services including payroll support, invoice and voucher processing, reports
preparation, and funds control for Headquarters.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,495,700 supported by 57.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide for basic financial services
and the implementations of an automated document collection and retrieval system
that is necessary to maintain pace with the increased requests for cost
documentation. These resources also provide for the establishment of current
cost documentation files in Headquarters so that costs claimed in cost recovery
litigation can be supported immediately. This is particularly important in
bankruptcy cases where time is of the essence. In the past, an extensive manual
file search has been necessary to gather documents that support costs being
claimed. In addition, these resources provide for an enhanced level of review
and reconciliation to ensure the integrity of Headquarters charges posed against
site-specific accounts in the Integrated Financial Management System.
19 9 0 Ac comp 1 i shmen t s
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $15,276,400 supported by 57.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
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Superfund appropriation. These resources provided site-specific accounting
support and preparation of cost recovery documentation, and for the design and
purchase of an automated document collection and retrieval system for the cost
recovery program. Also provided were basic financial services for the Superfund
program such as payroll and invoice processing.
SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL .ANAGEHENT - REGIONS
1992 ...Pro Reuest
The Agency requests a total of $7 , 993 , 000 supported by 100 . 9 total workyears
for this program, all of which vill be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from 1991, This will provide for the
collection and verification of regional cost documentation and the reconciliation
of these documents with the Integrated Financial Management System on a current
basis. A cost documentation file will be maintained in each Region as costs are
incurred rather than gathering documentation at a later date. This allows
immediate response for documentation associated in bankruptcy cases as well as
assures that all documents needed for protracted negotiation or litigation are
available when requested. Also included are resources necessary to provide basic
financial services to the Regional Superfund program for payroll and voucher
processing, funds control and reporting for management and program purposes.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,993,000 supported by 100.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced Regional Superfund
financial activities, specifically the cost documentation file.
1 9 9 0 Ac pomp 1 1 shneny s
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,188,900 supported by 92.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management
offices provided site-specific accounting support and gathered regional cost
documentation as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation
or litigation phases. Also provided were basic financial services for the
Regional Superfund program, such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
199 2 Erogr ;am Re _que s t
The Agency requests a total of $4,027,200 supported by 50.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from 1991. We will continue to
effectively manage automated systems, provide recruitment, staffing, and
classification activities and provide sufficient facilities management to support
the overall Superfund program. We will develop health and safety training
courses, implement specialized medical monitoring programs, and verify through
technical support and environmental audits that Superfund waste handled by EPA
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laboratories is disposed in accordance with the off -site disposal requirements
of the statute.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,027,200 supported by 50.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Super fund appropriation. These resources enable the program to provide
centralized administrative and management services to Superfund activities.
Ve will provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund
employees, and provide management and organizational analysis to strengthen
Superfund management processes. These resources will provide technical support,
guidance, training, and oversight to ensure that Superfund waste from EPA labs
is properly managed. Ve also plan to create a database on protective clothing
to enhance the health and safety of our employees. Resources are used to revise
or develop information systems including systems to track hazardous substance
release at Federal facilities, and the administrative/financial systems used to
manage the Superfund Program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,766,000 supported by 51.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to maintain all automated
Superfund information systems. The Agency completed environmental audits at EPA
laboratories to document the procedures for the disposal of Superfund waste. Ve
provided training to EPA labs on these requirements and developed improved
chemical protective clothing information. Ve also refined health and safety
standards and procedures, and maintained and supported the Agency human resources
requirements of the Superfund program staff. A year- long review of Superfund
delegations of enforcement authority and enforcement organizational issues
resulted in changes that clarified and made more effective the roles and
responsibilities of Agency parties involved in Superfund enforcement actions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINI STRAT|VE .-..HANAGEMEjfT , ,- REGIONS
1 99 2 Program Reque s t
The Agency requests a total of $3,430,300 supported by 68.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from 1991. Regional administrative
management activities will include : continuing recruitment of personnel to work
in the area of hazardous waste, assuring a reliable health and safety and
environmental compliance program, providing adequate automated data processing
(ADP) technical assistance to support the site -specific record keeping
requirements of the Superfund program and improved information systems for EPA
and state operations .
Proram
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,430,300 supported by 68.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund
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administrative support services for personnel, health and safety, environmental
compliance of EPA facilities, and information management activities. The program
is placing special emphasis on efforts to recruit properly qualified personnel
and to provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund
employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the area of information
resources management to efficiently respond to increasing program demands for
staff support.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $4,235,900 supported by 97.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of
administrative management services to the Regional Superfund program, Including
contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety, and information
management activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,464,100 supported by 140.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents no change over the 1991 program. These
resources will provide for award and management of a large number of complex
contracts as well as provide support for Superfund enforcement efforts. Quality
control over contracts with increasingly high obligation amounts includes the
development and implementation of strong conflict of interest guidelines and
procedures. Resources will allow continued improvements in Superfund contract
management initiatives and provide effective assistance and contracts management
through greater outreach to the Regions and states; ensure a more aggressive
Superfund cost-recovery documentation effort; support more oversight, training
and technical assistance to our Federal partners; and develop and refine policy
guidance and procedures for more complex procurement needs and cooperative and
interagency agreements and new grant programs. In Grants management, we will
continue to increase efforts to combat fraud, waste and abuse in Superfund
Federal assistance and procurement programs and implement the training curriculum
for Regional grant personnel.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of §10,464,100 supported by 140.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. We will continue to effectively award and manage
increasing numbers of contracts as well as assure quality control over contracts
with high obligation amounts. Approximately 20.0 workyears will be reprogrammed
to the Regions in 1991 to support the Regional* Contracting Officer (RCO) Program.
In grants management, we will implement the final Superfund regulation and
continue to award and manage Superfund cooperative agreements, grants and
Superfund Interagency Agreements, develop suspension and debarment cases,
implement an automated Superfund Interagency Management System, develop a
training curriculum for Regional grant personnel and develop a handbook for state
and local governments on administering the Superfund program.
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1990 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $8,726,400 supported by 118.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included
improvements in contract planning, award, management, and automated processing
of contracts and small purchases.
HAZARDOUS ST?PSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Programs-Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,930,400 supported by 57.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from the 1991 program. This program
provides the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts
management support for the remedial and removal programs . The Superfund Regional
Contracting Officer program will continue to provide the Regional Superfund
Program offices with essential contracting expertise needed to actively manage
the existing contracts and place new contracts for the emergency and remedial
response programs. Documentation and strong management and financial controls
will be critical for enforcement and cost recovery efforts. The grants program
awards, administers and manages complex Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements and grants for emergency and remedial response activities. Special
emphasis will be placed on accountability and ensuring that every Superfund
assistance award complies with regulatory and policy requirements and that
recipients have the financial, procurement and property systems to account for
and safeguard Federal funds.
In 1991, the Agency is allocated a total of $2,930,400 and 57.0 total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
provided the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts
management support for the remedial and removal programs and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements. The Regional Grants Management offices will also finalize
implementation of an automated grant document and an Interagency Agreement
Management System.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $3,004,200 and 62.5 total workyears
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources provided
the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts management
support for the remedial and removal programs and grants management to
effectively award, administer and manaffl^Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements. The major accomplishment in this program was the award and
administration of removal and remedial contracts in response to Regional site
clean-up needs .
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADOyARTERS
1992 Reuest
The Agency requests a total of $40,752.200 for this program, $39,964,200 of
which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation and $788,000
for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$5,346,300 in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation from 1991. The
increase provides for the Superfund portion of the GSA rent increase. .It also
provides for inflation/contract rate increases and telecommunications
requirements associated with regional moves and allows continuation of geographic
information systems (GIS) development. These resources will fund the Hazardous
Substance Response program's share of Headquarters and Agency-wide costs. These
costs will include: facilities rental, Federal Telecommunications System (FTS) ,
revisions and development of information systems, utilities, local telephone
services, printing and copying, postage, other building and office services, and
health and safety training.
1991 Program
In 1.991, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,405,900 for this program,
of which $34,617,900 is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation and
$788,000 from the Inspector General appropriation. These resources fund support
costs in Headquarters which include facilities rental, FTS, utilities, local
telephone and other related services.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $37,452,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
resources were the Superfund program's share of the Agency management and support
costs needed to operate the Headquarters operations, which included facilities
rental costs, utilities, telephone charges, and other services,
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,431,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $3,764,100 from 1991. This decrease reflects a shift of funding from
the Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions program element to the
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters program element to pay for
Agency-wide expenditures. This will support the operation of the Hazardous
Substance Response program and will cover utilities, local telephone service,
printing and copying, mini-computer operations, equipment maintenance, Regions
moves, and all other support services related to the Superfund program activities
in the Regions .
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,195,400 for this program,
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all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
program provides for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
mini-computer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $22,885,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
provided for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying, mini-
computer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,729,800 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents no
change from 1991. These resources will provide computing services to the
Hazardous Substance Response Program by the Agency's National Computer Center in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and the Data Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.
These fund a portion of the Center's costs for equipment, telecommunications,
operating software purchases, maintenance and facility operations.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating §9,729,800 for this program, all of which
is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount reflects
an increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response program databases
and the Agency's administrative support of the program.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $10,023,000 for this program, all
of which was from Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1992 Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $910,000 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $300 and no change in
total workyears from 1991. The decrease will have no impact.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program.
The OGC will support the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy,
and preparation of guidance documents for program implementation and enforcement
of the Superfund program. This includes legal support to financial and
\
• 14-78
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administrative operation of Super fund, including contract law, audits,
cooperative agreements, and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) . The OGC
handles Superfund litigation in which the Agency is a defendant.
1991
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $910,300 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC is providing advice and consultation on program
and enforcement matters such as interpretation of the statute, development of
regulations, and changes to the National Contingency Plan, and is defending the
Agency in any litigation brought against it concerning the Comprehensive
Emergency Response and Liability Act (CERCLA).
|990 AccQmplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $971,000 supported by 10,3 total
workyears for this program, all of which vas from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC provided legal guidance in program and
enforcement matters such as statutory interpretation, development of response
priorities , review of proposed regulatory actions , and defense of the Agency
where litigation had been brought against it concerning CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $1,230,000 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $500 and no change in
total workyears from 1991. The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal
advice and consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund
program to the Regional Administrators, Regional Superfund managers, and State
agencies. Principal activities will be the defense of the Agency in CERCLA
litigation filed against it, participation in formal administrative proceedings,
review of state cooperative agreements, activities relating to access by the
public to EPA held information, development of the administrative record for the
selection of cleanup remedies, legal support to program response activities, and
the provision of a wide variety of legal counsel and advice to Regional, state,
and local program officials.
199.1.
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,229,500 supported by 25.9
total workyears for f.his program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to
represent the Agency in Regional defensive litigation concerning Superfund, In
addition, the Offices of Regional Counsel will provide .legal assistance by
reviewing state cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency, advising state
agencies regarding the legal requirements of the Superfund program, determining
eligible uses of the Fund, and advising on the treatment of requests for EPA held
information.
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1990 Accomplishments
In 1990. the Agency obligated a total of $1,003,300 supported by 23.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and state
agencies with legal advice and consultation on natters related to the
implementation of CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of the Regional
Counsel included the conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of cooperative
agreements with states for site cleanup, and general legal support to the
Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,166,000 supported by 95.8 total workyears
for this program all of which will be for Hazardous Substance Trust Fund portion
of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$1,847,600 and 11.0 total workyears in support of the Inspector General's efforts
to perform audits on needs identified in the 1985 Superfund Strategic Audit Plan
modified to reflect new statutory requirements, Agency changes in Superfund
operations, and our audit experience. We will use this increase in resources to
(1) develop and maintain in-house expertise on Superfund contracts; (2) audit
critical Superfund activities contracts such as Alternative Remedial Contract
Strategy contracts and subcontracts; and (3) expand our investigations of the
Contract Laboratory Program.
We will continue to: use engineers and scientists to focus on complex,
highly technical Superfund remedial investigations/feasibility studies, and
provide critically needed assistance to auditors and investigators on follow-on
audits of Superfund removal activities, unannounced site visits, and construction
phase of maturing remedial activities program; and investigate allegations and
perform proactive investigative work of criminal activity and wrongdoing in areas
with a high potential for prosecution, such as in contracts and procurements for
remedial and site cleanup.
The OIG performance audits will emphasize (1) policy and program management;
(2) remedial cleanup activities; (3) removal responses; (4) enforcement; and (5)
program support initiatives. The OIG will expand its external audit coverage as
well as provide limited internal audit coverage to examine the economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness of the Fund's management. The OIG will continue
to investigate referrals of suspected criminal activity with high potential for
criminal prosecution. Also, investigative resources will enable the Office of
Inspector General to identify and eliminate situations which create the
opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,318,400 supported by 84.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund portion of the OIG appropriation. These resources enable the Office
of Inspector General to continue meeting the statutory requirements placed on it
by Congress in the Superfund reauthorization. These annual requirements include
14-80
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(1) auditing payments, obligations, rDisbursements or other uses of the funds;
(2) examining a sample of agreements with states carrying out response actions;
(3) examining remedial investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the
Administrator's status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5)
reviewing the Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for
EPA to complete the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. The OIG
will increase its program of external financial audits performed by public
accounting firms and other Government audit agencies as well as operate a limited
internal performance audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will investigate referrals of
suspected criminal activity and increase its proactive investigative work in
areas with high potential for criminal prosecution, especially in the Contract
Laboratory Program. The OIG will also expand its training for its staff and
Agency employees in the identification of indicators of possible wrongdoing,
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $9,729,500 supported by 61,0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Trust
Fund appropriation. During 1990, the Office of Inspector General issued 65 audit
reports on the Fund. Performance audits focused on: actions needed to ensure
that pillions of dollars owed the Trust Fund are properly collected; improvements
in the controls and oversight of EPA's Superfund management information system
to make data used for decisions more reliable; and better implementation and
management of "removal" actions to expedite cleanups and delete sites from EPA's
National Priorities List, Superfund audits questioned and recommended cost
efficiencies totalling almost $23.3 million of the approximately $400.7 million
audited. New investigative initiatives in the Superfund Contract Laboratory
Program has identified a significant and possibly wide-spread vulnerability of
fraudulent analysis in the testing of hazardous substances which could present
a danger to public health, result in unnecessary expenditure for cleanup, or
hinder collection efforts from responsible parties. In 1990, investigations of
the contract laboratories have resulted in several indictments and a civil
settlement for $750,000. Many more criminal and civil actions are expected as
a result of these investigations.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,450,000 and 13.1 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $400 from 1991.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue policy development and
economic analysis in hazardous waste remediation, focusing on: (1) overall
analysis of the environmental and economic impacts and the, feasibility and
effectiveness of the Superfund program, (2) waste management and remediation
incentives/disincentives created by Superfund regulation, and (3) roles of the
states, localities and private sector in hazardous waste remediation and
response. OPA also will make a significant contribution in the Superfund
reauthorization debate (or implementation effort) , as it did in 1980 and 1986
with economic analysis and policy recommendations on future funding needs,
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imposition of Super fund taxes and projected revenues, as well as make new
contributions in the areas of economic and policy analysis of Superfund direct
and indirect impacts. In addition, OPA will pursue special studies, including
an evaluation of policy choices associated with Superfund emergency planning and
new Clean Air Act programs aimed at the prevention of chemical releases. An
examination of an integrated statutory and regulatory framework for waste
management and remediation, including capacity and economic impacts of waste
remediation efforts, will be undertaken.
The Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation (OEM!) will provide
statistical support to the Superfund program by investigating complex sampling
Issues requiring a high degree of statistical expertise. These complex Issues
Include construction of composite sampling designs for Superfund site evaluation,
development of techniques for the integration and merging of complex data sets,
and the development of spatial statistical methodologies for assessing the extent
of residual contamination of partially cleaned Superfund sites. The
Environmental Statistics Project will analyze existing Superfund information,
develop assessments of environmental conditions, download Superfund data sets and
assess their completeness and quality. ORKE will also manage the development
process for Superfund regulations and policies, and conduct evaluations of the
Superfund program as requested.
The Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP) will operate and refine both the
Strategic Targeted Activities for Results System (STARS) and the Action Tracking
System (ATS), and maintain the Agency-wide strategic planning process to
establish environmental goals and develop operating guidance. It will provide
analytic support for Superfund programs to address specific problems in program
delivery. Working with Headquarters and Regions, it will develop applications
of computer-aided analysis of environmental data such as screening sites for
Superfund. OPP will further the development of Superfund indicators,
incorporating selected indicators In Records-of-Decision, and other key Superfund
activities. Major attention In 1992 will be given to applications in reporting,
Superfund decisionmaking, community relations, pollution prevention, and
incorporation of indicators in STARS.
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,449,600 supported by 13.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA Is providing analysis to support the renewed strategy for Superfund
(e.g., worst sites first and enhanced enforcement) and is identifying issues for
Superfund ^authorization. Studies are being conducted using historical data to
identify and quantify the indirect benefits of Superfund, to quantify the
transaction costs (public and private) associated with Superfund cleanups, and
to characterize the risk and types of industrial, non-hazardous waste that can
end up in Superfund sites.
Statistical support to the Superfund program continues. This includes
developing the third and final guidance volume for evaluating the attainment of
cleanup standards at Superfund sites, and providing statistical courses to build
on the existing foundation of Superfund statistical techniques, ORME is
developing sampling techniques and spatial statistics that will enable Superfund
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site managers to characterize a site more effectively and with lover sampling
costs. They are investigating the extent of contamination of wetlands from
Superfund sites and will provide guidance on remediation and restoration
strategies and procedures. The Environmental Statistics Project is compiling and
analyzing data for the Superfund program to be included in the 1992 national
environmental statistics report. ORME also manages the development process for
Superfund regulations and policies and conducts evaluations of the Superfund
program.
OPP is following up on Superfund environmental indicator development work
completed In 1990, with special emphasis on developing measures of ecological
health that have been determined to be feasible.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $3,265,700 supported by 10.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA continued policy development and an analysis on the effects of the
revised National Contingency Plan on program/enforcement implementation under
Superfund. It helped to develop, review, and analyze policy proposals, including
extensive workgroup participation. OPA analyzed the potential for a cost-
effective risk reduction model; studied new alternatives to reduce time and cost
of Superfund studies; prepared chapters of the Superfund Management Study;
analyzed and developed approaches to enhance enforcement; and analyzed the use
and effectiveness of institutional controls at Superfund sites.
ORME completed a second volume of guidance for determining attainment of
cleanup standards at Superfund sites and provided statistical consultation on
complex or unique problems. It managed the development process for Superfund
regulations and policies, and encouraged negotiation and alternate dispute
resolution techniques to expedite Superfund settlement. ORME completed its
Electronic Reporting Policy to build in data quality and control, and to provide
data in an electronic medium readily transferred to program office data bases.
OPP examined the feasibility of reporting on a wide set of environmental
indicators for the Superfund program and reported findings to senior managers.
Along with OPA, it participated in the Superfund Management Study.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE- OFFICEOF THE COMPTROLLER
1992 ProgramRequest
The Agency requests a total of $1,081,000 supported by 13.9 total workyears
r this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
ppropriation. This represents no change from 1991. These resources will
support the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress, response to Congressional inquiries,
analysis and review of major issues concerning workload and pricing models,
analysis of on-going resource issues related to the operation and management of
the Trust Fund and internal controls of Superfund finances.
14-83
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1991
In 1991, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,081,000 and 13.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support on-going budget activities,
responses to Congressional inquiries and analysis of on-going resource issues.
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $911,300 and 12.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and
provided fund oversight activities including on- going resource reviews for the
Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1992 program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,023,000 supported by 11.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $299,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1991. These resources will include support for: the National
Environmental Service Officer (NESO) located within the Office of Regional
Operations/State and Local Relations. The NESO will conduct management reviews
of Environmental Services Divisions (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to
ensure efficiency in the utilization of resources and improve planning and
procurement systems; represent ESDs in the Superfund program planning and budget
activities including workload model development; ensure Superfund policies are
effectively communicated to ESDs; schedule and convene quarterly ESDs
conferences; plan, schedule and convene meetings of the Superfund Analytical
Services Advisory Committee; evaluate options for securing the most effective lab
support to meet Superfund goals; and review ESD lab capabilities and their cost
effectiveness. In addition, the Office of the Administrator will continue to use
existing, and develop new, communication vehicles to exchange information on
acute hazardous, National Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency planning,
chemical release information, and enforcement activity. The Office will also
continue to work closely with the Regions and newly established emergency
response commissions and local emergency planning committees, and other citizen
groups in site activities. Also, grants training will be funded for small and
minority contractors for cleanup areas and we will continue to carry out Circular
A-3 publications and A-114 Audiovisual review responsibilities for new Superfund
program publication and audiovisual products.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,322,600 supported by 11.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is in the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The NESO will continue to provide the ESDs with
Headquarters policy guidance, oversight, and management support, in areas
affecting both ESDs and Superfund; maintain constant liaison with the program
offices and ESDs to facilitate their cooperation and participation in meeting the
14-84
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objectives of the Superfund program in the identification of hazardous waste
sites and in the management of any potential risks from these sites. In
addition, the Office of the Administrator is supporting the regions and assisting
states and localities with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office
is playing a critical role in exchanging information with local health
professionals, public safety officials, local government and State government
officials. A vide variety of communications support including speech
preparation, publications development and distribution, fact sheet preparation
and graphic slide presentations and other general response briefings and
communications vehicles are being provided. Also, training is being provided for
small and minority contractors for cleanup areas. Emphasis will be placed on
participation with the State Implementation Work Group, the National Resources
Damage Claim Work Group, the State Hazardous Haste Capacity Flan Work Group, and
the Communications Planning Work Group. The Agency's relationship with Congress
as it relates to the Superfund program, including coordinating briefings,
organizing EPA participation in oversight hearings, and responding to a wide
variety of Information requests from individual members and staff will be
strengthened.
Congress1onal D1rec tlves. A total of §300,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for training grants for small, minority contractors,
3,990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $1,078,600 supported by 8.1 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites with other Federal
agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support, including the
development of fact sheets and publications; and worked on information exchange
with State and local governments. In addition, the program provided the ESDs
with policy guidance, oversight, and management support; identified hazardous
waste sites, provided sample and site tracking and developed a national equipment
planning and procurement process for ESDs to meet superfund and other Agency
needs.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - MANAGEMENT AND SUPPQRf
1,99.2 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,149,600 supported by 1.8 total workyears
for 1992, an Increase of $1,435,500 and no change in total workyears over the
1991 level. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The increase in funding is primarily related to the transfer of
the Scientific Instrumentation component from the Office of Exploratory Research
in Hazardous Substance Research function to the Management and Support area of
the budget.
Funding will be provided for non-personnel support services required by
the Office of Research and Development (ORD) remote laboratories that perform
Superfund research. The services provided include, but are not limited to,
facilities operation and maintenance, janitorial services, and telephones and
utilities which are directly related to the Hazardous Substances research
program. Funding to support the purchase of scientific instrumentation is being
14-85
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transferred from the Office of Exploratory Research to this activity to better
reflect the OKD-wide nature of this activity. Resources will be used to support
the purchase of necessary scientific equipment. Resources will also be used for
the coordination and management of the Program Planning and Budgeting process for
ORD's Superfund R&D program.
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $714,100 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
/
, /
Basic management and laboratory support services are required on an ongoing
basis. Therefore, funds will continue to support facilities operations and
maintenance, Janitorial services, telephones, utilities, and other essential
operating costs directly related to the operation of the ORD remote laboratories.
Planning, budgeting, and other ORD-wide management activities and services are
also continued.
X99Q Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $821,800 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Funding was provided to support essential ORD remote laboratory support
services and ORD-wide management support services.
14-86
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15. L.U.S.T
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Eage
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support „ . , 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines! and Implementation 15-8
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-11
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support . ......... 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation .'.. 15-15
Administrative Management - Headquarters . . 15-16
Administrative Management - Regions ... 15-16
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-17
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-17
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust
$74,746.0 (65,000.2 $65.000.2 MS, 000.0 819,999.8
(574.8 (574.8 (623.0 (48.2
(74,746.0 (65,575.0 (65,575.0 (85,623.0 (20,048.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UOfiKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
78.3 88.6 88.6 94.9 6.3
83.4 93.9 93.9 94.9 1.0
(59,305.0 (69,442.6 (69,442.6 Ml,403.0 (21,960.4
The Superfund Anendwntl and Reauthorized on Act (SARA)
of 1986, at amended, cstblished tKe Leaking Underground
Storage Tanka Trust Fund and authorizes a total of such
sura as awy be necessary to be appropriated to this
fund from 1992 to 1996.
15-1
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The purpose of the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) program is to
ensure rapid and effective responses to releases from underground petroleum
storage tanks. The program operates under the authority of Subtitle I of the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. The LUST program's objective is to
enhance state and local enforcement and response through technical and financial
assistance. The Agency will support state implementation using the management
principles of private industry's franchise concept.
The Agency's strategy is to encourage the development of comprehensive LUST
programs in all states and territories through cooperative agreements. The
Regions will continue to use Targeted Improvement Projects and other Regional
projects to develop and disseminate improved implementation tools, methods, and
systems to the states. These projects will address the remedial side of the
program, including closures, site assessments, and corrective actions.
By 1992, all state LUST programs will have developed response and
enforcement capabilities. As the deadlines for meeting leak detection
requirements continue to fall due, an increasing number of tank releases will be
identified and reported. The state programs supported under the LUST trust fund
will continue to emphasize finding responsible parties, and doing the necessary
compliance and enforcement work to get them to take corrective action. The Agency
will also continue to provide national guidance, and scientific and management
support to the states.
Enhance State Programs
Based on private industry's concept of a "franchise" model, the Agency
seeks to identify areas where program improvements can be made within state
programs and works with the states individually to provide the technical
assistance and training necessary to implement these improvements. The Agency
will continue several ongoing state pilot projects to streamline corrective
action plan reviews and site characterization techniques and practices. As these
tools are developed, they will be promoted for use in other states. In addition
to technical assistance, the Agency will assist states in developing funding
mechanisms to supplement funds provided via Federal/state cooperative agreements.
Emphasize Compliance Using Enforcement Tools
The Agency will continue to develop and evaluate tools to improve th»
states' ability to achieve timely responses by owners/operators to releases from
leaking underground storage tanks containing petroleum and other hazardous
substances. These efforts will ensure that owner/operator responses are in
compliance with their prescribed corrective action requirements. The Regional
program staff, in conjunction with the Regional legal staff, will provide legal
and technical assistance in support of state enforcement activities when
required. Joint state/Federal efforts for direct enforcement of cleanups will
allow state and local governments to manage the majority of enforcement actions.
15-2
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Continue Efficient: Management
Management and Support will continue to assist the LOST program by
providing accurate and timely financial services, effective budgeting and funds
control, efficient contracts management, and centralized personnel services.
LUST ftudit Support
The Office of the Inspector General will provide oversight of the Agency
and states in implementing the LUST program. The Office of the Inspector General
will initiate performance and financial audits, and investigations to ensure that
the program is being properly managed and to identify possible deficiencies.
Utilizing the Private Sectorfor Essential Consulting Servicee
the LUST program will continue to utilize consultant expertise in a variety
of program support functions when such expertise does not exist within the
program or when it is economically efficient to do so. Such assistance includes,
but is not limited to, financial analyses and projections including technical
assistance in support of the development and implementation of the LUST Trust
Fund allocation model.
15-3
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Research and
Development
SECTION TAB
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
fage
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support ........ 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology ........... 15-6
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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LEAKING UNDERfiROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering I
Technology - LUST
Leaking Underground $728.5 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 0.0
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL $738.5 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 0.0
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground $738.5 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 0.0
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Technical Support
TOTAL $738.5 $767.9 $767.9 $767.9 0.0
PERMANENT UOfiKYEARS
Environmental 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0
Engineering &
Technology - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1.7 1.9 1,9 1.9 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Environmental 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0
Engineering I
Technology - LUST
TOTAL WORttfEARS 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0
15-4
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Principal Output:*
1992;
Environmental^jaoJLneerina and Technology
o Report on the Optimization of Soil Vapor Extraction for
Remediation of Subsurface Gasoline Releases
o Report on the Application of Low Temperature Thermal Deaorption
for Cleaning Up LUST Site*
o Expansion of Computerized On-Line Information System for
Underground Storage Tank Technology Transfer
1991;
Technology
o Final Report on Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection for
Chemical USTa
o Final Report on Internal Inspection Protocol and Validation
o Update State~of-the-Art on the Application and Effectiveness of
Oil Spill Diaperaant*
o Reference Document on Soil Vapor Extraction Technology
o Development, Operation, and Maintenance of a Computer ixed On-Line
Information System for Underground Storage Tank Technology
Transfer
19.90;
Environmental Engineer j.nq and Technology
o Report on the State-of-the-Art on Internal Tank Inspection
Equipment and Procedures
o Protocol for Evaluating Pipeline Leak Detection Systems
15-5
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
Budget Reg-goat
In 1992, the Agency requests a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total
workyears all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund.. This represents no change in funding and workyears for 1991.
Program Objectives
This program provides technical support to Federal , state, and local
agencies implementing the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
program. This work contributes to ensuring the selection of the best
available site assessment and cleanup procedures by responsible authorities.
AND . TECHNOLOGY
1992 Program
The Agency requests a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total workyeare
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund. This represents no change in funding and workyears for 1992.
ORO will continue to evaluate innovative and alternative cleanup
technologies (including above-ground soil treatment and subsurface zone
technologies) developed for petroleum and hazardous chemical releases under
RCRA and CERCLA to bring them within the realm of conventional technology.
Combinations of technologies will be identified and evaluated to seek optimal
cleanup procedures. Case study documentation will continue, and an engineering
analysis of collected reports on LUST cleanup actions will be conducted.
Retention and remobilization studies will also be continued, but at a slightly
reduced rate, to develop and evaluate screening techniques for determining or
confirming the presence of a release and for monitoring cleanup progress and
helping in the decision to conduct further corrective action.
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund.
New approaches for conducting investigations at LUST sites are being
provided. The procedures include identifying what information is needed on the
subsurface environment, and released petroleum products therein, and how the
information can be used to select appropriate corrective action technologies.
The application of vacuum extraction technology (VET) to cleaning up LUST
sites is being evaluated. Engineering design, operation and performance data
will be documented to bring VET within the realm of conventional technologxe9 .
Enhancements to VET are also being evaluated at pilot scale.
15-6
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LUST corrective action case histories continue to be collected and
entered into the existing Computerized On-Line Information System (COLIS).
The system will be mad* available to Federal, State and local UST program
managers to help select cleanup technologies based on pact performance, coat
and reliability. Studies are being conducted on the retention and
rerocbilixation of contaminants at a LUST site to develop field measurement,
screening tools and techniques for initiating cleanups and for monitoring
their progress.
199_Ql..l..,Ae..CQmpliBhmeqtJi
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $738,500 supported by 1.7 total
workyeara for this program, all of which was from the LUST Trust Fund.
The program evaluates RCRA and CERCLA cleanup technologies developed for
petroleum and hazardous chemical releases for their applicability to petroleum
leaks from underground tanks. Demonstrations at LUST sites were conducted.
Case studies of past and on going corrective actions were performed and the
outline to a guidance document on site specific procedures for cost-effective
corrective action was prepared.
15-7
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Abatement and
Control
SECTION TAB
-------
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-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-8
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
LEMCIMG UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Guideline* 1 Inplewentatfon
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IK THOUSANDS}
PROGRAM
Guidelines t
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
Leaking Underground $71,504.8 161,136.1 861,176.1 $81,412.8 $20,236,7
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL $71,504.8 $61,136.1 $61,176.1 $81,412.8 $20,236,7
TOTAL;
Leaking Underground $71.504.8 $61,136.1 $61,176.1 $81,412.8 $20,236.7
Storage tanks Trust
LUST Guidelines I
luplementation TOTAL $71,504.8 $61,136.1 $61,176.1 $81,412.1 $20,236.7
PERMANENT IfflRICYlARS
Guidelines £ 59.5 59.8 59.8 62.0 2.2
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL PERMANENT MORICYEARS 59.5 59.8 59.8 62,0 2.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Guidelines & 63.2 62.0 62.0 62.0 0.0
Implementation • LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL yORCTEARS 63.2 62.0 62.0 62.0 0.0
15-8
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $81,412,800 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
/
1,992 Program Request
For 1992, the Agency requests a total of $81,412,800 supported by 62.0
total workyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation, an increase of $20,236,700
and no change in total workyears from 1991. The increase will be used to
undertake corrective actions at sites where the responsible party is unable or
unwilling to conduct the cleanup and to compel owner/operator response at leaking
underground storage tank sites.
In 1992, the number of sites requiring response actions will increase as
additional owners/operators install leak detection devices and as insurance
companies require testing for leaks prior to issuing insurance policies. States
will conduct site investigations based on their priority lists, encourage
owners/operators to take corrective action, provide oversight of these responses,
and take action when owners/operators are unwilling or unable.
1991 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $61,176,100 supported by 62.0 total
workyears from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
The Agency will continue to develop, maintain, and improve the national
LUST program system composed of state programs. In addition, the Agency i§
continually working with the states to improve their performance in »it*
assessment and corrective action. Specific projects will focus on streamlining
site measurement techniques and improving the review of corrective action pl*r,i.
The Agency will continue to develop and renew trust fund cooperative
agreements with the states. The Regions will continue to make use of Targeted
improvement Projects and other Regional projects to test and disseminate improves
tools, methods, and systems. Current project work has focused on streamlining
state procedures for site closures, aite assessments, and corrective action pi*n
reviews.
LUST trust fund monies will continue, to assist states to identify *~.l
assess leaking tank sites, and encourage owner/operator response.
1990 Aceompliehnients
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $71,504,800 eupported by t3 :
total workyears, all of which were from the LUST trust fund appropriation.
15-9
-------
The states identified sites, encouraged owner/operator response actions,
and initiated state-lead response actions when necessary. A significant portion
of these efforts were funded by LUST trust fund cooperative agreements.
The Agency also conducted a number of pilot projects, jointly with the
states, to address specific implementation or administrative problems relating
to site assessment and cost recovery»
The Agency developed an enforcement strategy which promotes voluntary
compliance and the use of innovative informal enforcement techniques to achieve
compliance. The states are primarily responsible for its own enforcement
responsibilities. However, the Agency provided support and took direct
enforcement actions when it was necessary.
The Agency assisted the states with the development and implementation of
its response programs and provided technical assistance to the states for the
development of cooperative agreements necessary to enter the LUST national
program. States were assisted by the Agency through the examination of state
programs, emergency responses, procedures, and mechanisms for addressing
releases, including appropriate program and fiscal systems.
15-10
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Enforcement
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-11
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TAWC TRUST FUND
LUST EnforewMnt
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement
TOTAL
$162.0 $248.9 $248.9 $248.9 0.0
$162.0 $248.9 $248.9 $248,9 0.0
$162.0 $248.9 $245.9 $248.9 0.0
$162.0 $248.9 $241.9 $248.9 0.0
PERMANENT UOfiKYEAtS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
3.2
4.9
4.9
5.8
0,9
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 3,2
4.9 4.9
5.8
0.9
TOTAL yORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
3.2
5.5
5.5
5.8
0,3
TOTAL «ORKYEARS
3.2
5.5
5.5
5.8
0.3
15-11
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Legal Enforcamant
Budget Request
The Agency requesta a total of $248,900 supported by 5.8 total workyears
for 1992, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation.
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $248,900 supported by 5.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents no dollar increase and an increase of 0.3
workyears from 1991.
In 1992, Regional legal staff will continue to provide assistance for
state enforcement, with modest Federal oversight and involvement in
enforcement actions. Two areas of focus for State programs will be expediting
enforcement actions and developing effective local enforcement programs.
Regional resources will be targeted on joint State-Federal efforts for direct
enforcement of cleanups, allowing States and local governments to manage the
majority of enforcement actions.
19 91 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $248,900 supported by 5.5
total workyeare for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Regional legal staff are providing assistance and oversight to States by
encouraging the use of informal or expedited enforcement approaches, as well
as traditional formal enforcement approaches, in an effort to establish and
enhance effective State enforcement programs. In 1991, the emphasis of the
program is on: 1) initiation and follow-up of enforcement activity where a
release poses a major environmental emergency; and 2) pursuit of cost recovery
of Fund-financed cleanups from owners/operators where their insurance is
inadequate. Limited Federal enforcement actions are anticipated. However, in
some instances, formal enforcement actions (administrative compliance orders
or civil judicial referrals) will be used to compel response actions by
recalcitrant owners and operators.
1990Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $162,000 supported by 3.2 total
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The workload of Regional legal enforcement staff focused on providing coat
recovery guidance to States which have cooperative agreements for enforcement
'activities.
15-12
-------
Management and
Support
SECTION TAB
-------
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND. STORAGE..JTRNKS
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-13
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-15
Administrative Management — Headquarters 15—16
Administrative Management - Regions .... 15-16
Legal Services •* Office of General Counsel 15-17
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-17
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Page Intentionally Blank
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LEAKING UNOER6ROUW STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management t Support
ACTUAL EXACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE *
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE -
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
LUST-Administrative
Management- Off Admin.&
Resources Management
Leaking Underground $1,878.7 $2,285.3 $2,245.3 $2,285.3 S40.0
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL $1,878.7 $2,28S.3 12,245.3 $2,285.3 $40.0
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground $220,9 $285.1 $285.1 $285.1 0,0
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL S220.9 $285.1 $285.1 $285.1 0.0
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning I Evaluation
Leaking Underground $241.1 $276.9 $276.9 -$276.f
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL $241.1 $276.9 $2?6.9 -$276.9
Office Of Inspector
General - LUST
Office of Inspector __ $574.8 $574.8 $623.0 $48.2
General .
TOTAL $574.8 $574.8 $623.0 $48.2
TOTALS
Leaking Underground $2,340.7 $2,847.3 $2,807.3 $2,570.4 -$236.9
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector $574.8 $574.8 $623.0 $48.2
General
LUST Management £
Support TOTAL $2,340.7 $3,422.1 $3,382.1 $3,193.4 -$188.7
PERMANENT VQRKYEASS
LUST-Administrativ* 10.9 14.1 14.1 15.4 1.3
Management* Off Adnin.t
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office 2.7 4.1 4.1 5.3 1.2
of General Counsel
15-13
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management I Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 1991 ESTIMATE 1992 DECREASE •
1991 1992 VS 1991
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy 8 Analysis - 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 -3.0
Office of Policy,
Planning I Evaluation
Office Of Inspector 0.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 1.0
General - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 13.9
22.0
22.0
25.2
3.2
TOTAL WORKTEARS
LUST-Adninistretive 11.5
Management- Off Adnin.S
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office 3.5
of General Counsel
Policy & Analysis - 3.0
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Office Of Inspector 0.0
General - LUST
15,4 15.4 15.4
5.3
3.0
3.5
5.3
3.0
3.5
5.3
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
-3.0
1.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
15.3
24.5
24.5
25.2
0.7
15-14
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management and Support
§udget Request
The Agency requests $3,193,400 and 25.2 total workyears for 1992, a decrease
of $188,700 and an increase of 0,7 total workyears. All of the request Is for
the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund appropriation.
POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFF^Cjp OF POLICY,PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program. This
represents a decrease of $276,900 and 0.3 total workyears from 1991. The
decrease reflects the discontinuation of policy and analysis support chargeable
to the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $276,900 supported by 0.3 total
workyears for this progran, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund appropriation.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) is supporting the development of
procedures to increase the efficiency of Office of Underground Storage Tanks
(OUST) cleanups. As part of this effort, OPA is assisting the program in
assessing the impacts of the toxicity characteristic deferral on UST cleanups.
In addition, OPA is evaluating the UST management model (i.e., franchise
approach, continuous improvement philosophy, Demming management method) to assess
whether the successes of the UST program may have some applicability to the
Agency's other contaminated media programs.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $241,100 supported by 0,3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Fund appropriation7
OPA assisted the program in developing a better understanding of the problem
created by the approximately 3,400,000 USTs exempt from UST requirements and in
developing programs to control this problem. OPA assisted states in developing
risk-based priority-setting, UST classification schemes and tools to improve
corrective action decisionmaking. In each of these areas, OPA refined the tools
and methodologies earlier developed to improve their usefulness in a different
state or local setting, expanded upon their current applications to include new
ones, and evaluated how best to implement, deliver, and distribute these to
states and local communities.
1,5-15
-------
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1992 Progrn
The Agency requests $1,268,600 supported by 8.8 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents no change from 1991. These resources will
be used to provide support costs such as rent, utilities, security and mail
operations for the LUST program and administrative services, such as contracts,
grants, health and safety, and environmental compliance, personnel support, and
basic financial services such as processing payroll and vouchers, and producing
accurate financial reports.
1991 program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,268,600 supported by 8.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide
support services, financial services, and administrative services as described
above .
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of §1,263,200 supported by 6.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources provided support services, financial services,
and administrative services described above.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1992 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,016,700 supported by 6.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $40,000 from 1991. The
increase will provide for inflation in support services. Resources will provide
support costs sxich as rent, utilities, security, and mail operations for the LUST
program. Basic grant management services will be provided as well as financial
services such as processing payroll and vouchers and providing accurate financial
reports. '
1991Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $976,700 supported by 6.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust appropriation. These resources are used to provide support services
and financial/grant services as described above.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, The Agency obligated a total of $615,500 supported by 4.7
workyears, all of which was from Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources were used to provide support services and
15-16
-------
financial/grant services as described above.
SERVICES ..-. OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1992 Program _JRequest
The Agency requests a total of $285,100 supported by 5,3 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents no change in funds or total workyears
from 1991.
The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the Fund, supporting cooperative agreements
between EPA and States, providing advice and interpretations, and defense of the
Agency In legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total of $285,100 supported by 5.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is froa the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund appropriation.
The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines and
policies for administration of the fund; support cooperative agreements between
EPA and States; and provide advice, interpretations, and defense for the Agency
in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, the Agency obligated a total of $220,900 supported by 3.5 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund
appropriation. Legal support was provided to the development of guidelines and
policies through advice, counsel, and interpretations.
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
1.9.9_3_Prograg> Request
The Agency requests a total of $623,000 supported by 4.5 total workyears for
this program all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust
Fund portion of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase
of $48,200 and 1.0 total workyear from 1991. This increase in resources will be
used to expand our Investigative activities of the program.
Under the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended, the Office of Inspector
General has authority to inquire into the Agency's program and administrative
activities and related activities of all parties performing under contracts,
grants, and other agreements with the Agency. The Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 established the Leaking Underground Storage Tank*
Trust fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000 to be appropriated to this fund
from 1987 to 1991.
15-17
-------
We will continue to audit the Agency's progress In Implementing the program,
Its use of funds, and the LUST Trust Fund financial statements. The OIG will
monitor audits of contracts conducted by the Defense Contract Audit Agency and
CPA firms, provide Investigative support of audit activities and initiate
proactive investigative work In vulnerable areas of the program.
1991 Program
In 1991, the Agency is allocating a total $574,800 supported by 3.5 total
workyears for this program all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund appropriation. The OIG has not audited the LUST Trust Fund
activities in prior years in order to give the Agency adequate lead time to get
the program underway. Through 1990 EPA has distributed to the states
$188,000,000. The resources allocated In 1991 will enable the OIG to initiate
performance and financial audits to evaluate the Agency's management of the
program and the guidance, controls, or requirements for the use of funds, along
with Investigative support of those audits.
1990 Accomplishments
In 1990, there were no requests for funding or workyears by the OIG to
perform audits or investigations in this program. However, in 1989, we conducted
a preliminary audit of this program to assist management in identifying needed
improvements. Based on this initial audit we concluded that audits and
investigations would be necessary as the program matured.
15-18
-------
16. Special
Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA Organizational Chart ......... 16-1
EPA Regional Offices - Locations 16-2
Summary of Resources — by Appropriation ............... 16—3
Summary of Resources — by Media ...»...«» 16-6
Object Classification - by Appropriation . 16-10
Permanent Positions by Grade - by Appropriation ........... 16-15
Average Grade and Salary 16-22
Summary of State Grant Resources . 16-23
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
tl.a ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
A>:
m
Administrative
Law Judges
Civil Rights
Small &
Disadvantage
Business Utilization
Science
Advisory Boa/d
Cooperative Environmental
Management
Executive Support
I
Assistant Administrator
fw Administration and
Resources Management
'
1
A
ADMINISTRATOR A
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Assistant Administrator
far
Enforcement
1 1
Assistant Administrator
tor
International Activities
Inspedpf General
1 I
Assistant Administrator
fef Air and Radiation
Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
A
I
General Courts*
1
ssodate Administrator far
Regional Operations &
State/Local Relations
ssodate Administrator lor
Communications &
PuWc Affairs
ssatiale Administrator for
Congressional &
Legislative Affairs
I
Assistant Adminis
' tor Policy, Ptannir*
Evaluation
trator
land
Assistant Administrator
for Research and
Development
1
Assistant Administrator
(Of
Water
1
Assistant Administrator
tor Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
I 1 I
Region!
Boston
Region 11
New York
ftegwn HI
Philadelphia
r~ i
Region VII
Kansas City
Region VIII
Denver
1 1 I
Region IV
Atlanta
• Region V
Chicago
1 1
' Region IX
San Francisco
Region X
Seattle
Region VI
Dallas
16-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
Region I Headquarters. Boston. Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region II Ijeadguarters .New York. New York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters. Philadelphia. FA
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Region IV Headcmarters,Atlanta. Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headquarters . Chicago,.,^Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headquarters. Dallas,.,:: Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Region VII Headquarters. Kansas City. Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region VIII HeadguargeySj Denver^^Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IX San Francisco.. California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories of
Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Islands
Region X Headquarters, Seattle.. Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
16-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Emmery of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $ 864,409.6 S 974,700.0 S 974,700.0 $1,090,000.0 S 115,300.0
Obligations 860,830.8 974,700.0 974,700.0 1,090,000.0 115,300.0
Outlays 836,833.0 921,656.0 921,656.0 1,061,889.0 140,233.0
Permanent Workyears.
Total Uorkyears.....
10,752.4
11,361.7
12,265.9
12,561.0
12,265.9
12,561.0
13,153.0
13,153.0
887.1
592.0
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority $ 30,903.0 $ 37,000.0 $ 37,000.0 $ 41,200.0 S 4,200.0
Obligations 29,739.9 37,000.0 37,000.0 41,200.0 4,200.0
Outlays 18,536.0 26,322.0 26.322.0 38,954.0 12,632.0
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears.....
284.1
287.2
350.4
350.4
350.4
350.4
366.3
366.3
15.9
15.9
Research and Development
Budget Authority S 229,820.3 S 254,900.0 S 254,900.0 $ 313,000.0 S 58,100.0
Obligations 229,248.8 252,639.0 252,639.0 311,838.0 59,199.0
Outlays 213,810.0 252,941.0 252,941.0 276,247.0 23,306.0
Abatement, Control and
Compliance
Budget Authority $ 798,.,35.1 »1,006,525.0 SI,006,525.0 SI,019,505.0 $ 12,980.0
Obligations 810,572.0 1,007,758.0 1,007,758.0 1,019,195.0 11,437.0
Outlays.. 657,897.0 893,481.0 ' 893,481.0 892,941.0 (540.0)
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $ 14,652.0 $ 40,000.0 $ 40,000.0 S 13,000.0 $ (27,000.0)
Obligations 17,555.7 47,356.0 47,356.0 13,000.0 (34,356.0)
Outlays 15,136.0 33,022.0 33,022,.0 18,680.0 (14,342.0)
16-3
-------
Actual
1990
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority 51,938,220.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,313,125.0 $2,476,705.0 $ 105,480.0
Obligations; 1,947,947.2 2,319,453.0 2,319,453.0 2,475,233.0 105,013.0
Outlays , 1,742,212.0 2,127,422.0 2,127,422.0 2,288,711.0 125,351.0
Permanent Workyears..... 11,036.5 12,616.3 12,616.3 13,519.3 887.1
Total Uorkyears 11,648.9 12,911.4 12,911.4 13,519.3 592.0
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority SI,530,228.0 $1,616,228.0 $1,616,228.0 $1,750,000.0 $ 133,772.0
Obligations . 1,602,844.3 1,645,398.0 1,645,398.0 1,750,000.0 104,602.0
Outlays 1,143,870.0 1,361,076.0 1,361,076.0 1,513,733.0 152,657.0
Permanent Workyears . 3,132.7 3,331.3 3,331.3 3,602.3 271.0
Total Uorfcyears , 3,328.0 3,467.2 3,467.2 3,602.3 135.1
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority $ 74,097.0 S 65,000.2 $ 65,000.2 $ 85,000.0 $ 19,999.8
Obligations 74,746.0 68,615.0 68,615.0 85,000.0 16,385.0
Outlays 59,305.0 69,035.0 69,035.0 90,815.0 21,780.0
Permanent Workyears...,. 78.3 85.1 85.1 90.4 5.3
Total Workyears 83.4 90.4 90.4 90.4 C.O
Construction Grants
Budget Authority $1,948,029.0 $2,100,000.0 $2,100,000.0 $1,900,000.0 $ (200,000.0)
Obligations 2,439,611.9 2,511,000.0 2,511,000.0 1,965,000.0 (546,000.0)
Outlays 2,289,945,0 2,352,887.0 2,352,837.0 2,194,175.0 (158.712.?)
Ocean Dumping Fund
Obligations $ 1,365.9 $ 1,420.0 $ 1,420.0 $ 540.0 $ (880.0)
Permanent Workyears 0.0 11.4 11.4 12.0 0.6
Total Uorkyears 0.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 1,000.0 $ 1,200.0 $ 1,200.0 $ 1,200.0 $ 0.0
Outlays . (447.0) (200.0) (200.0) (200.0) 0.0
16-4
-------
Actual
1990
Enacted
1991
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Misc. Contrfb. Funds
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 0,0
Outlays 4.0 10.0 .10.0 10.0 0.0
Registration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations.. $ 25,216.5 $ 21.B6&.9 * 21,166.9 S 0.0 S (21,866.9)
Outlays {15,471.0) 11,078,0 11,078.0 11,011.0 (67.0)
Permanent Workyears..... 139.3 237.0 237.0 326.0 89.0
Total -Uorkyears U4.0 238.5 238.5 326.0 87.5
Asbestos in schools fund
Outlays $ 0.0 S 0.0 S 0.0 $ 26.399.0 $ 26,399.0
Reimbursements - S£E
Obligations.. $ 20,869.0 S 33,580.0 $ 33,580.0 $ 36,035.0 t 2,455.0
Permanent Uorkyears..... 67.3 62.0 62.0 72.0 10.0
Total Workyears.., 67.4 62.0 62.0 72.0 10.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations $ 4,935.2 S 30,000.0 S 30,000.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 0.0
Reimbursements - RiD
Obligations $ 4,470.4 $ 5,000.0 S 5,000.0 $ 5,000.0 t 0,0
TOTAL, .EPA
Budget Authority .$5,490,574.0 $6,094,353.2 $6,094,353.2 $6,211,705.0 $ 117,351.8
Obligations. 6,123,006.4 6,637,542.9 6.637,542.9 6,348,018.0 (289,524.9)
Outlays 5,219,418.0 5,921,308.0 5,921,308.0 6,124,654.0 203,346.0
Permanent Workyears.
Total Uorkyears
14,454.1
15,271.7
16,343.1
16,781.5
16,343.1
16,781.5
17,622.0
17,622.0
1,278.9
840.5
16-5
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Sunmary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Air
Budget Authority. .«.,.,
Obligations
Outlays, ,,.,,,...,
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Uater Quality
Budget Authority . .
Obligations
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authori ty » .
Obi i gat i ons
OutlaySi ,
Permanent Workyears . . .
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority..
Obi igat ions. ...........
Dutlays
Total Workyears...
Actual
1990
$ 291,888.8
291 142.2
331,039.5
1,639.6
1,717.2
$ 345 971.1
351,525.3
270 881.4
2,007.1
2,131.6
$ 119,281.1
119,872.2
110 071.8
683.2
725 . 0
* 267,352.0
274,115.4
234,382.5
1,328,9
1.397.3
Enacted
1991
$ 394,830.2 $
390,292.3
361,695.3
1,935.8
1,971.0
$ 418,490.2 $
418,774.0
380,802.2
2,157.0
2,240.6
$ 134,189.0 $
134,037.7
121.473.0
774.4
798.7
$ 311,019.1 $
312,174.7
285,317.5
1,574.6
1,631.8
Current
Estimate
1991
394,874.3
390,336.0
361,736.5
1,935.8
1,971.0
418,531,3
418,815,8
380,840,4
2.157.0
2,240.6
134,232.4
134,081.0
121,513.4
774.4
798.7
310,989,6
312,145.0
285,29.0.1
1,574.6
1,631.8
Increase/
decrease
Request 1992 Req. vs
1992 Current 1991
$ 511,787.8 '$
504,642.0
460,917.0
2,267.9
2,267.9
5 412,822.1 i
413,302.0
376,419.9
2,330.8
2,330.8
$ 136,148.4 I
135,929.0
122,210.1
805.4
805.4
S 333,735.0 S
334,326.0
302,619.2
1,660.0
1,660.0
116,913.5
114,306.0
99,180.5
332.1
296.9
(5,709.2)
(5,513.8)
(4,420.5)
173.8
90.2
1,916.0
1,848.0
696.7
31.0
6.7
22,745.4
22,181.0
17,329.1
85.4
28.2
16-6
-------
Pesticides
Budget Authority
Obi i gat i ons ......
Out 1 ays
Permanent Workyears..,.
Total Workyfiars. »»**.».
Radiation
Bud9et Author i ty. ......
Out 1 ays
Permanent Uorkyears. . ..
Noise
Budget Authority. ......
Obi i gat ions,,. , .
Outlays...
Multimedia
Budget Authority, ......
Obi i gat ions
Out lays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority.
Obi i gat i ons ............
Out I ays
Total Uorkyears
Energy
Budget Authority
Outla¥S
Actual
1990
$ 104 784.7 $
96 600.4
81 413.9
804.9
838.0
$ 34 438 7 $
34,550.3
22 332 3
192.6
202 4
$ 0.0 5
0.0
14.6
$ 124 875 0 $
125 656.7
92 597.3
643.0
683.7
S 156,205.8 $
158 950.6
133,472.6
830.6
859.3
S 33,351.2 S
33,325.1
50,598.1
Enacted
1991
107,594.3 S
106,954.4
98,930.0
860.8
869.7
38,956.0 %
38,680.0
35,967.7
237.1 •
240.2
0.0 S
0.0
0.0
177,867.9 $
179,273.0
173,348.9
823.7
842.4
167,076.8 " $
167,720.9
153,123.0
883.5
895.4
13,621.8 $
13,387.0
13.437.8
Current
Estimate
1991
107,566.8 S
106,927.0
98,904.3
860.8
869,7
38,956.0 *
38,680.0
35,967.6
237.1
240.2
0.0 %
0.0
0.0
177,898,6 S
179,304.0
173,377.5
823.7
842.4
167,091.8 $
167,736.0
153,137.0
883,5
895.4
13,621.8 S
13,387.0
13,437.8
Increase/
decrease
Request 1992 Req. vs
1992 Current 1991
117,063.8 $
116,052.0
107,800.8
892.7
892.7
39,627.2 S
40,132.0
36,370.0
241.2
241.2
0.0 $
'0.0
0.0
215,010,0 $
216,634.0
195,936.8
897.4
897.4
119,287.2 S
121,151.0
111,554.3
891.9
891.9
13,672.2' S
13,3S6,0
12,246.9
9,497,0
9,125.0
8,896.5
31.9
23.0
671.2
1,452.0
402.4
4.1
1.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
37,111.4
37,530.0
22,559.3
73.7
55.0
(47,804.6)
(46,585.0)
(41,582,7)
8.4
(3.5)
50.4
(1,0)
C.19C.9)
16-7
-------
Permanent ttorkyears.
Total Workyears....,
Management and Support
Budget Authority.
Obiigat ions
Outlays
Permanent Work/ears.
Total Workyears
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.
Obi igetions
Outlays
Actual
1990
48.5
49,0
435,361.7
434,923.8
395,820.2
2,797.2
2,984.4
14,652.0
17,555.7
15,136.0
Enacted
1991
30.4
30,4
$ 495,798.5
497,121.8
460,600.8
3,250.7
3,302.9
$ 40,000.0
47,356.0
33,022.0
Current
Estimate
1991
30.4
30.4
* 495,681.2 $
497,004.0
460,491.6
3,250.7
3,302.9
$ 40,000.0 $
47,356.0
33,022.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1992 Req. vs
1992 Current 1991
30.4
30.4
548,974.3 S
550,902.0
529,264.0
3,401.3
3,401.3
13,000.0 $
13,000.0
18,680.0
0.0
0.0
53,293.1
53,898.0
68,772.4
150.6
98.4
(27,000.0)
(34,356.0)
(14,342.0)
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Out I ays
$1,540,285.9 $1,629,334.4 $1,629,334.4 $1,764,954.0 $ 135,619.6
1,612,573.8 1,658,504.4 1,658,504.4 1,764,954.0 106,449.6
1,148,321.8 1,370,372.2 1,370,372.2 1,527,837.0 157,464.8
Permanent Uprkyears.
Total Workyears..,..
3,193.6
3,389.0
3,416.1
3,552.0
3,416.1
3,552.0
3,698.1
3,698.1
282.0
146.1
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority. ......
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
$ 74 097.0 $
74,746.0
59,305,0
78 3
83.4
65 575.0 t
69 189.8
69 442.6
8S.6
93.9
65 575.0 5
69 189,8
69 442.6
88.6
93.9
85 623.0 t
85,623.0
91 403.0
9-,. 9
94.9
20,048.0
16 433.2
21,960.4
6.3
1.0
Construction Grants -
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Ocean Dunping Fund
Obligations.,......
Permanent Uorkyears.
Total Horkyears
$1,948,029.0 $2,100,000.0 $2,100,000.0 $1,900,000.0 $ (200,000.0)
2,439,611.9 2,511,000.0 2,511,000.0 1,965,000.0 (546,000.0)
2,289,945.0 2.352,887.0 2,352,887.0 2,194,175.0 (158,712.0)
1,365.9 $ 1,420.0 $ 1,420.0 $
0.0
0.0
11.4
12.0
11.4
12.0
540.0 $
12.0
12.0
{880.0)
0.6
0.0
16-8
-------
Current
Actual Enacted Estimate
1990 1991 1991
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 1,000.0 S 1,200.0 $ 1 200.0 $
Outlays (447.0) (200.0) (200.0)
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $
Outlays 4.0 10.0 10.0
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 25,216.5 S 21,866.9 $ 21,666.9 5
Outlays (15,471.0) 11,078.0 11078.0
Permanent Workyears 139.3 237.0 237.0
Total Workyears 144 0 238 5 238 5
Asbestos in schools fund
Outlays $ 00 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations.. $ 20 869 0 $ 33 580 0 $ 33 580 0 $
Permanent Workyears 67.3 62.0 62.0
Total Workyears.... 67.4 62.0 62.0
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations $ 4 935 2 $ 30 000.0 $ 30 030.0 $
Reimbursements - R&O
Obligations $ 4.470.4 $ . 5.000.0 $ 5.000.0 $
Increase/
decrease
Request 1992 Req. vs
1992 Current 1991
1 200.0 S 0.0
(200.0) 0.0
10.0 $ 0.0
10.0 0.0
0.0 S (21,866.9)
11,011.0 (67.0)
326.0 89.0
326 0 87.5
26 399.0 $ 26 399.0
36 035 0 $ 2 455 0
72.0 10.0
72.0 10.0
30 OGG.O $ C.O
5.000.0 $ 0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5,490,574.0 $6,094,353.2 $6,094,35-3.2 $6,211,705.0 $ 117,351.8
Obligations 6,123,006.4 6,637,542.9 6,637,542.9 6,348,018.0 (289,524.9)
Outlays 5,219,418.0 5,921,308.0 5,921,308.0 6,124,654.0 203,346.0
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
14,454.1
15,271.7
16,343.1
16,781.5
16,343.1
16,781.5
17,622.0
17,622.0
1,27£.9
840.5
16-9
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Salaries and Expenses
Personnel Services S 566,779.0 * 651,021.0 S 718,397.0 S 67,376.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, uti I i ties.
and misc. charges ....
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions. ...........
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indeoni t i es
22,991.0
2,449.0
48,664.0
6,977.0
36,471.0
6,055.0
100,879.6
18,452.0
47,671.0
487.0
2,931.0
24.0
27,475.0
2,559.0
59.300.0
9,600.0
38,112.0
6.656.0
104,359.0
20.283.0
52,401.0
509.0
2,400.0
25.0
33,450.0
2,660.0
76,375.0
10,555.0
41,905.0
7,320.0
116,345.0
22,300.0
57,615.0
532,0
2,500.0
26.0
5,975.0
121.0
17,075.0
955.0
3,793.0
664.0
11,986.0
2,017.0
5,214.0
23.0
100.0
1,0
subtotal, other objects... 294,051.8 323,679.0 371,603.0 47,924.0
Total obligations... 860,830.8 974,700.0 "1,090,000.0 115,300.0
16-10
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Office of the Inspector General
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons.....
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications, uti lities.
and misc. charges. .......
24.0 Printing and reproduction.
25.0 Other services *
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (QIC)....
1,462.0
28.0
114.0
107.0
11,158.9
501.0
815.0
843.0
15,028.9
29,739.9
2,317.0
45.0
181.0
170.0
13,960.0
798.0
1,297.0
206.0
18,974.0
37,000.0
2,557.0
58.0
250.0
230.0
17,049.0
1,017.0
324.0
300.0
21,785.0
41,200.0
240.0
13.0
69.0
60.0
3,089.0
219.0
(973.0)
9' 0
2,811-0-
4.2CO.O
Research and Development
24.0 Printing and reproduction. $ 521.0 $ 1,348.0 $ 1,66*,Q S 316.0
25.0 Other services 140,708.8 146,704.0 181,071.0 34,367.0
31.0 Equipment 9,519.0 24,628.0 30,397.0 5,769.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 78,500.0 79,959.0 98,706.0 18,747.0
Total obligations.
229,248.8
252,639.0 311,838.0
59,199.0
16-11
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1992
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of person?...... * 492.0 $ 649.0 $ 656.0 S 7.0
22.0 Transportation of things. 3.0 9.0 9.0 0.0
23.3 Contnuni cat ions, utilities,
and misc. charges .... 14.0 41.0 41.0 0.0
24,0 Printing and reproduction 549,0 1,604.0 1,630.0 26.0
25.0 Other services 283,613,0 414,630.0 409,375.0 (5,255.0)
26.0 Supplies and materials... 42.0 123.0 124.0 1.0
31.0 Equipment.... 303.0 886.0 800.0 (86.0)
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 525,556.0 589,816.0 606,560.0 16,744.0
Total obligations.. ... 810,572.0 1,007,758.0 1,019,195.0 11,437.0
Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons $ 159.0 t 560.0 $ 156.0 $ (412.0)
25.0 Other services 11,455.7 44,515.0 12,220.0 (32,295.0)
32.0 Land and structures 3,011.0 2,273.0 624.0 (1,649.0)
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 2,930».0
Total obligations CB&F) 17,555.7 47,356.0 13,000.0 (34,356.0)
¥
16-12
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1990
Current
Estimate
1991
Request
1792
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
Hazardous Substance Super-fund
Personnel Services $ 156,147.0 $ 165,689.0 f 177,000.0 5 11,311.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons . 11,431.0 10,747.0 11,481.0 734.0
22.0 Transportation of things. 623.0 586.0 626.0 40.0
23.1 Rental payments to ,GSA... 14,156.0 13,309.0 14,218.0 909.0
23.2 Rental payments to others. 3,108.0 2,922.0 3,121.0 199.0
23.3 Communications,utilities,
and misc. charges... 8,349.0 7,849.0 8,385.0 536.0
24,0 Printing and reproduction 1,311.0 1,233.U 1,317.0 84.0
25.0 Other services. 1,117,469.3 1,169,271.0 1,249,088.0 79,817.0
26.0 Supplies and materials... 5,474.0 5,146.0 5,497.0 351.0
31.0 Equipment 22,526.0 21,178.0 22,624.0 1,446.0
32.0 Land and structures.,..., 270.0 254.0 271.0 17.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions , 205,025.0 192.756.0 205,914.0 13,158.0
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities....... 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
subtotal, other objects... 1,389,747.3 1,425,256.0 1,522,547.0 97,291.0
Subtotal direct obligations.. 1,545,894.3 1,590,945.0 1,699,547.0 108,602.0
ALLOCATION ACCOUNTS
Personnel Services.
12,600.0 12,034.0 11,149,0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons.....
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications.utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services.,
1,394.0
164.0
58.0
353.0
467.0
24,226.0
1,333.0
157.0
55.0
338.0
447.0
23,176.0
1,235.0
145.0
51.0
313,0
414.0
21.475.0
(885.0)
(98.0)
(12.0)
(4.0)
(25.0)
(33.0)
(1,701.0)
16-13
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(delLars in thousands)
26,0 Supplies and materials.,.
31.0 Equipment ................
41,0 Grants, subsidies, and
subtotal, allocation accts.
Reimbursable obligations
Total obligations.....
Actual
1990
315.0
2,312.0
15,061.0
56,950,0
4,935.2
1.607,779.5
Current
Estimate
1991
301.0
2,211.0
14,401.0
54,453.0
30,000.0
1.675.398.0
Request
1992
279,0
2,049.0
13,343.0
50,453.0
30,000,0
1.780,000.0
Increase/
decrease
1992 Req. vs
Current 1991
(22.0)
(162.0)
(1,058.0)
(4,000.0)
0.0
104.602.0
LUST Trust Fund
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23,2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities.
and misc. charges..,,,,,.
24,0 Printing and reproduction
25,0 Other services,
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
con t r i but i ons
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (LUST'),,.
4,198.0 $
407,0
9,0
483.0
64,0
58.0
28.0
4,038.0
43.0
310,0
65,108.0
70,548,0
74,746.0
4,389.0 *
832.0
14.0
503.0
75.0
85.0
52.0
i,, "573.0
47.0
317.0
58,128,0
64,226.0
68,615.0
5,517.0 %
867.0
17.0
634.0
93.0
—
no.o
68.0
'. 5,245.0
59.0
398.0
71,992.0
79,483.0
85,000.0
1,128.0
35.0
3,0
131.6
18.0
25.0
16.0
1,072.0
12.0
81.0
13,864.0
'15,257.0
16,385.0
16-14
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Grades
Executive Level II
Executive Level III ...»..,....,
Executive Level IV ,,...,
Subtotal .,
ES-6
ES-5
'ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1 . . .
Subtotal —
GS-17
GS-16 ... '
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
Gs-iq
GS-9 ,
gs-8
GS-7 ,
GS-6 .,,...
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
Subtotal
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 07, $47,354 to
569,012 ,
' Senior Grade 06, $35,100 to
$60,624
Senior Grade 05, $28,069 to
$49,471
Full Grade 04, $23,663 to
$41,358
Assistant Grade 03, $21,989
to $35,777
Subtotal
12
37
82
59
24
7
221
1
9
784
1,503
2,249
2,143
1,117
64
865
222
880
464
557
209
33
4
11,104
1
46
35
38
_B
178
Current
Estimate
1991
1
1
...10
12
13
40
87
62
26
7
Estimate
L992
235
1
9
830
1,592
2,384
2,269
'1,183
68
916
2,35
932
491
590
221
35
4
11,750
1
48
91
40
- 9
189
14
42
93
67
27
8
251
1
10
890
1,706
2,553
2,432
1,263
73
9$2
252
999
527
632
237
37
4
12,503
1
53
96
43
9
202
16-15
-------
Grades
Positions established by act of
November 16, 197? (42 O.S.C. 201)
compensation for which is not to
exceed the maximum payable for a
GS-18
Actual
1990
20
Current
Estimate
1991
Estimate
1992
21
25
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
50
11,585
53
12,266
59
13,153
16-16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positiong byGrade
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Grades
Executive Level IV ..
ES-5
ES-4 . ...
ES-3
.ES-2 . .
Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14 ,
GS/GM-13
GS-12 .
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3 :<
Subtotal
Actual
1990
1
2
2
22
33
73
68
22
3
22
2
24
9
8
4
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
292
299
Current
Estimate
1991
1
3
2
26
39
85
80
26
3
26
2
28
10
9
5
_2
342
350
Estimate
1992
1
4
2
_!
8
27
41
89
83
27
4
27
2
29
11
10
5
357
366
16-17
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Pjgrmanent, pQ8itiosB bv Gr ade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
Actual
Grade 1990
ES-5 .... 3
ES-4 7
ES-3 , 10
Subtotal ' 20
GS/GM-15 Ill
GS/GM-14 283
GS/GM-13 .............. 764
GS-12 763
GS-11 360
GS-10 1
GS-9 180
GS-8 . ... 21
GS-7 ,...•: 222
GS-6 87
GS-5 ,. 219
GS-4 96
GS-3 , . 10
GS-2 3
Subtotal 3,120
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $35,100 to
$60,624 6
Senior Grade 05, $28,069 to
$49,471 11
Full Grade 04, $23,663 to
$41,368 6
Assistant grade 03, $21,989 to
$35,777 1
Subtotal '>26
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS 3,166
Current
Estimate
1991
3,260
6
•12
6
3
27
3,331
Estimate
1992
16-18
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent FOBitions by Grade
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 ..
GS-11 ..
GS-9 ...
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4 ...
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS,
Actual
1990
2
1
21
21
11
6
2
2
4
JL
77
Current
Estimate
1991
2
8
23
23
12
7
2
2
5
-1
85
Estimate
1992
2
8
25
24
13
7
2
2
6
90
16-19
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PermanentPositions by Grade
REREGISTRATION AND EXPEDITED PROCESSING REVOLVING FUND
(FIFRA)
G.rades
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 ..
GS-11 ..
GS-9
GS-8 ...
GS-7 ..,
Actual
1990
Subtotal
Current
Estimate
1991
9
28
46
50
59
33
4
7
236
Estimate
1992
12
39
64
69
81
4.5
6
9
325
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $35,100 to
$60,624
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS ..
109
237
326
16-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
, Posit ions by _Grade
REIMBURSABLES
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
Grades
ES-4 ....
GS/GM-1S
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9 .,
GS-8
GS-7 .'
GS-6
GS-5
Subtotal ...»
Positions established by act of
July I, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $35,100 to
560,624
Senior Grade 05, $28,069 to
$49,471
Subtotal ....
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Actual
1990
2
5
4
8
6
3
5
1
_i
48
_2
4
54
Current
Estimate
1991
2
6
5
9
10
1
7
3
6
1
.1
S5
Estimate
1992
3
7
5
11
1.2
.1
8
4
7
1
_5
64
62
"72
16-21
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade and Salary
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Appropriation/Pay Plan 1990 1991 1992
Salaries and Expenses
Average ES Salary $78,605 $81,042 $83,554
Average GS/GM Grade 11.1 11.1 11.1
Average GS/GM Salary $40,580 $41,838 $43,135
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions $13,235 $13,645 $14,068
Office of the Inspector General
Average ES Salary $78,233 $80,580 $83,078
Average GS/GM Grade 11.4 11.4 11.4
Average GS/GM Salary $41,378 $42,661 $43,983
Superfund
Average ES Salary $78,730 $81,171 $83,687
Average GS/GM Grade 10.9 10.9 10.9
Average GS/GM Salary $37,858 $39,032 $40,242
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Average GS/GM Grade 11.4 11.4 11.3
Average GS/GM Salary ..... $39,671 $40,901 $42,169
FIFRA Revolving Fund
Average GS/GM Grade 11.7 11.7 11.7
Average GS/GM Salary $38,680 $39,879 $41,115
Reimbursables
Average GS/GM Grade ...;.. 10.3 10.3 10.4
Average GS/GM Salary $36,145 $37,265 $38,420
TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE
Average ES Salary $78,609 $81,046 $83,558'
Average GS/GM Grade - 11.1 .11.1 11.1
Average GS/GM Salary . $39,988 $41,228 $42,506
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions $13,235 $13,645 $14,068
1 fi--
-------
ENVIROKMfNTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Surmary of State Grant Resources
(in thousands of dollars)
AIR
Section 105
WATER QUALITY
Section 106
Clean Lakes
Nonpoint Source
Wetlands Program
Implementation
DRINKING WATER
Public Water Systems
Program Grants
Underground Injection
Control Program
Special Studies
HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. Financial
Assistance
Underground Storage
Tanks
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Pesticides Program
Implementation
RADIATION
Radon State Grants
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
SUBTOTAL
ACTUAL
1990
S98,924.7
123,694.4
73,846.8
12,123.3
36,509.4
1,214.9
54,947.4
40,021,7
10,552.1
4,373.6
77,600.1
68.645.4
8,954.7
24,725.2
12,462.0
12,263.2
7,617.0
3,205.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1991
S138.275.0
144,533.0
81,700.0
7,583.0
50,250.0
5,000.0
62,600.0
47,450.0
10,500.0
4,650.0
91,967.0
82,967.0
9,000.0
30,303.4
15,803.4
14,500.0
9,000.0
5,100.0
REQUEST
1992
S162, 700.0
1U, 450.0
81,700.0
0.0
24,250.0
8,500.0
60,950.0
49,950.0
10,500.0
500.0
99.292.0
90,292.0
9.000.0
30,303.4
15,803.4
14,500.0
9,000.0
5,100,0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1992 VS 1991
•••24,425.0
(30,083.0)
0.0
(7,583.0)
(26,000.0)
+3,500.0
(1,650.0)
+2,500.0
0.0
(4,150.0)
+7,325.0
+7,325.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$390,714.3 *481,778.4 S481.795.4
+$17.0
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
2,439,611.9 2,100,000.0 1,900,000.0 (200,000.0)
TOTAL
$2,830,326.2 $2,581,778.4 $2,381,795.4 (199,983.0)
16-23
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1.7. User Fees
SECTION TAB
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1992 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AGENCY USER FEES 17-1
Agency User Fees 17-1
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AGENCY USER FEES
Anticipated
1592 Revenues
Toxic Pre-Manufacture Notices S 3.5M
Radon Training and Certification $ 2.5M
Motor Vehicle Testing $ 7,OM
•Water NPDES Permits S10.0M
TOTAL $2 3. OK
Toxics Pre-Manufacture Notices
This fee has been collected since FY 1989 for the review and
processing of new chemical pre-manufacture notices (PMNs) . The
fee is paid by chemical companies at the time of submission of
the PMN for review by the Office of Toxic Substances* The fee
was established by regulation published August 19S8.
PMN fees are specifically authorized by the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) 4 TSCA contains a cap of $2,500 on the amount
that the Agency may charge for a single PMN review. For this
reason the total annual revenues that could be received are
limited to less than $4 million. Fee revenues are deposited in
the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury.
Radon Tra.Jni.n,, and
The Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) is developing two
fees, one for training of radon abatement contractors and the
other for training and certification of radon measurement
devices. Total revenues from both fees are expected to reach
$2.5 million in F¥ Ii92.
These fees are specifically authorized by the indoor Radon
Abatement Act to recover the' cost to the Agency of its training
and certification programs. The Act authorizes establishment of
a Special Fund in the U.S. Treasury for receipt of radon fees
from which funds can be appropriated to the Agency to support
radon training and certification.
ORP has published a draft rule to institute these fees and
expects the final rule to be published in late FY 1991. Fee
collection will begin in early FY 1992.
Motor Vehicle Testing
The Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) is developing a
proposed rule to establish new fees to cover EPA's costs for
conducting its Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program
(MVECP) . The activities include engine and fuel economy testin
and certification, selective Enforcement Auditing, and in-use
compliance activities. The fees would be imposed on
17-1
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manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, light and heavy trucks and
motorcycles. The draft rule is expected to be published by May
1991 with a final rule in place early in F¥ 1992.
The fee would recover EPA's costs for certifying new engines
and vehicles, compliance monitoring for new engines and vehicles,
and compliance monitoring of in-use engines and vehicles under
sections 206 (a) and (b) and 207 (c) of the Clean Air Act. This
would include EPA's costs to calculate Corporate Average Fuel
Economy (CAFE) and to conduct emissions testing.
v.
Authority for these fees is found in the Independent Offices
Appropriations Act and section 217 of the Clean Air Act as
amended. Total revenues for all fees are expected at $7 million
in FY 1992. The fuel economy portion of the fee would be
deposited in the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury.
HPDES Permits
The Office of Water is proposing to establish fees to
recover EPA's costs of issuing permits to industrial and
municipal discharges to water bodies under the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (KPDES) program. The fee would be
applicable to permit applicants only in the 10 non-delegated
states (where EPA conducts the permit program). Authority for
the fee is contained in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended.
An Agency Work group is developing the fee proposal and
expects to have a draft rule ready for publication in mid-1991
with a final rule early in FY 1992. Expected revenues are $10
million in FY 1992. Fee receipts will be deposited in the
General Fund of the U.S. Treasury.
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