United States Administration And EPA 205-R-97-001
Environmental Protection Resources Management February 1997
Agency (3302)
EPA Fiscal Year 1998
Justification Of Appropriation
Estimates For The Committees
On Appropriations
Recycled/Recyclable • Printed with Vegetable Based Inks on Recycled Paper (20% Postconsumer)
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1998 BUDGET ESTIMATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
SUMMARY • 1-1
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT 2-1
ADMINISTRATOR 2-7
Managerial Support . . 2-10
Technical Support to the Agency 2-12
Improved Understanding of the Environment 2-14
Technical to States, Tribes, and Local Government 2-16
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2-19
Management Services and Stewardship 2-25
Essential Infrastructure , 2-29
Working Capital Fund 2-32
Management Services and Stewardship-Regions 2-33
Essential Infrastructure-Regions . 2-35
Working Capital Fund-Regions 2-35
Executive Steering Committee for IRM 2-36
AIR AND RADIATION 2-41
Ozone/CO/NOx 2-49
Particulate Matter/Visibility/Haze/Lead 2-53
Air Toxics , . 2-55
Permits/Prevention of Significant Deterioration/
New Source Review 2-59
Acid Rain/SO2 . , 2-61
Stratospheric Ozone 2-62
Climate Change 2-65
indoor Environments 2-66
Radiation 2-70
Working Capital Fund ..... 2-74
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 2-75
Resource Management , , .2-78
Resource Management-Regions .......... 2-80
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE 2-83
Compliance Monitoring 2-91
Civil Enforcement 2-94
Criminal Enforcement . . 2 -98
Compliance Assistance 2-100
Compliance Incentives ..,...,.. 2-104
NEPA Implementation 2-106
National Environmental Justice 2-108
Program Leadership & Evaluation 2-109
GENERAL COUNSEL . 2-117
Media Legal Resources ' 2-121
Non-Media Legal Resources ^ . . . . 2-117
Management and Program Support . , „...„., 2-128
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES " 2-131
Environmental Technology 2-137
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Management and Program Support ...,.'...,...., 2-138
U.S-Border Programs . . . •. 2-139
International Partnerships .... .... 2-141
Global and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction 2-143
POLICY, PLANNING AMD EVALUATION 2-147
Sprawl and Development ..... 2-152
Climate Change Action Plan 2-153
Common .Sense Initiative and Sectors 2-157
Comparative Risk 2-159
Climate 2-160
Project XL 2-164
Environmental Information 2-165
Community Based Environmental Protection . 2-166
Environmental Justice and Cumulative Exposure . 2-167
Management ........ 2-168
Regulatory Reinvention 2-16.9
Technology 2-172
Economics , 2-172
Improved Understanding of the Environment 2-173
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2-177
New Technology and Pollution Prevention 2-179
.SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE ....... 2-181
Direction of National Haz & Solid Waste Programs 2-186
Hazardous & Solid Waste Implementation ...."....,. 2-194
Prevention, Detection, Correction of Releases from USTs . . 2-200
Accident Preparedness, Prevention, and Investigations ... 2-203
PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES ... 2-209
Mission/Policy 2-217
Registration 2-217
Reregistration 2-220
Environmental Partnerships ......... 2-223
Field Programs/External Activities 2-226
Community Right to Know (Pesticides) 2-228
Community Right to Know (EPCRA) , 2-230
Lead . 2-232
Agenda .for Toxics 2-233
Pollution Prevention Leadership 2-236
WATER AMD DRINKING WATER 2-239
Drinking Water 2-249
Source Water Protection 2-256
Water Quality Criteria, Standards & Applications 2-259
Effluent Guidelines , , 2-262
Coastal & Marine Programs ..... 2-264
Wetlands Program 2-267
Assessment £ Watershed Projection 2-268
Water Quality Infrastructure and Financing 2-271
Wastewater Management and Permitting ............ 2-275
American Indian Environmental Management 2-279
Great Water Bodies 2-280
Chesapeake Bay Program . , 2-280
Great Lakes National Program Office ............. 2-282
Gulf of Mexico Program .... * 2-284
National Water Program Management .... 2-286
Regional Working Capital Fund 2-287
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk ...;,..... 2-289
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•SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY . 3-1
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 3-7
Essential Infrastructure 3-8
AIR AND RADIATION 3-9
Ozone/CO/NOx ^ 3-14
Particulate Matter/Visibility/Haze/Lead 3-16
Air Toxics , 3-17
Acid Rain/SO2 3-18
Climate Change 3-19
Indoor Environments 3-20
Radiation 3-22
Working Capital Fund 3-24
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE . 3-27
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) ...... 3-30
PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES 3-33
Registration and Reregistration 3-34
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . 3-37
Ecosystems Protection 3-90
Global Change 3-96
Air Toxics 3-100
Criteria Air Pollutants 3-107
Drinking Water 3-113
Waste/Site/Risk Characterization ............. 3-119
Waste Management and Site Remediation 3-123
Human Health Protection 3-127
Special Environmental Hazards ..... 3-132
New Technology and Pollution Prevention . 3-137
Science Quality and Infrastructure 3-141
WATER AND DRINKING WATER 3-147
Drinking Water Technical Support Center ..... 3-148
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk 3-151
INSPECTOR GENERAL , . 4-1
INSPECTOR GENERAL 4-7
Management Account 4-8
OIG - Superfund , 4-12
OIG - LUST 4-15
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 4-17
Essential Infrastructure - HQ 4-20
Essential Infrastructure - Regions ..... 4-20
Essential Infrastructure - SF 4-21
Essential Infrastructure - LUST ....'.... 4-21
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk 4-23
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BUILDINGS & FACILITIES 5-1
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 5-3
Repairs and Improvements ...... ...... 5-6
New Facilities ................ 5-5
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk 5-7
SUPERFUND , . , 6-1
ADMINISTRATOR 6-5
Technical Support to the Agency ..... 6-7
Improved Understanding of the Environment 6-7
Technical Support to States, Tribes and Local Governments . , 6-8
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 6-11
Management Services and Stewardship 6-17
Essential Infrastructure 6-19
Working Capital Fund 6-22
Management Services, and Stewardship-Regions 6-22
Essential Infrastructure-Regions . . 6-24
AIR AND RADIATION , 6-25
Abandoned Site Cleanup 6-28
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 6-29
Resource Management 6-32
Resource Management-Regions 6-33
ENFORCEMENT COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE . , 6-35
Superfund Civil Enforcement .....' 6-38
Superfund Program Leadership and Evaluation ......... 6-38
Cost Recovery .6-39
Encouraging PRP Response/Enforcement Fairness . 6-41
Superfund Compliance Assurance 6-43
Superfund Criminal Enforcement ......... 6-44
GENERAL COUNSEL 6-47
Media Legal Resources 6-51
Non-Media Legal Resources ... 6-51
Management and Program Support . . 6-53
POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION . 6-55
Superfund ... ........... 6-58
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT .......... See Science and Technology
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE 6-59
Abandoned Site Response . .l 6-63
Superfund Federal Agency Partners ..... 6-77
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk ... 6-81
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TRUST 7-1
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 7-5
Management Services and Stewardship ... 7-9
Essential Infrastructure .... 7-9
Essential Infrastructure-Regions -. 7-10
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CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 7-11
Resource Management 7--14
Resource Management-Regions 7-15
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE 7-17
LUST Compliance Assurance ..... 7-19
GENERAL COUNSEL . 7-21
Media Legal Resources ..... 7-22
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 7-23
LUST Research 7-26
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE 7-27
Remediation of LUST Releases . •. 7-30
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk ........... 7-35
OIL SPILL RESPONSE 8-1
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 8-5
Essential Infrastructure B-8
Essential Infrastructure-Regions 8-8
ENFORCEMENT .AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE 8-9
Oil Enforcement . 8-12
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . . . , 8-13
Oil Spill Response Research 8-16
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE 8-17
Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response 8-20
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk , 8-25
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS 9-1
CLEAN WATER STATE REVOLVING FUND 9-5
DRINKING MATER STATE REVOLVING FUND 9-7
SPECIAL INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 9-9
STATE and TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS 9-13
AIR and 'RADIATION 9-13
Ozone/CO/NOx ; 9-15
PM-fine/Visibility/Regional Haze . 9-15
Air Toxics 9-16
Permits/PSD/NSR/CSI ..... 9-16
Acid Rain/SO2 9-16
Indoor Environments ... ..... 9-17
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE 9-21
STAG Compliance Monitoring . . .' 9-22
STAG Compliance Assistance 9-23
PREVENTION, PESTICIDES and TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-25
Field Program and External Activities 9-26
Environmental Partnerships 9-28
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Lead 9-29
Pollution Prevention Leadership ...... ... 9-30
SOLID WASTE and EMERGENCY RESPONSE 9-31
State RCRA Partnerships 9-34
State LUST Partnerships 9-38
WATER and DRIMKING WA1"ER 9-41
Drinking Water (Public Water Systems Supervision) 9-42
Source Water Protection (Underground Injection Control) . . . 9-43
Wetlands Program 9-44
Assessment & Nonpoint Source Program 9-44
Control Agency Resource Supplemental 9-45
Water Quality , 9-48
American Indian General Assistance ...... 9-48
Program Element - Program Component Crosswalk 9-Si
NON-APPROPRIATED FUNDS 10-1
WORKING CAPITAL FUND 11-1
USER PEES 12-1
SPECIAL ANALYSES .......... 13-1
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INDEX
Accidental Release Provisions , . 2-202
Acid Deposition 2-43, 2-61, 2-93, 3-89, 3-91, 9-14
Acid Rain . 2-41, 2-43-2-45, 2-47, 2-61, 2-S2, 2-289, 2-295, 2-297, 3-9, 3-18,
3-152, 9-13, 9-14, 9-16, 9-17, 9-20, 9-51
Administrative Actions 4-5, 4-6, 4-9, 8-3, 8-10, 8-12
Administrative Law Judges 2-8, 2-12-2-14, 2-128, 2-291, 6-48, 6-53
Advanced Measurement Initiative 3-5, 3-41, 3-138, 3-139
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 6-77, 6-79
Air Quality Monitoring . 2-54, 2-135, 2-141, 2-288, 2-295, 2-297, 9-15, 9-16
Air Toxics 2-41, 2-43, 2-49, 2-50, 2-53, 2-55-2-59, 2-72, 2-74, 2-126, 2-168,
2-288, 2-295, 2-297, 3-9, 3-10, 3-16-3-18, 3-37, 3-53-3-56, 3-100-
3-107, 3-144, 3-145, 3-151, 3-152, 3-154, 9-13, 9-14, 9-16, 9-18,
9-20, 9-51
Alaskan Native Villages . . 2-196, 2-271, 2-273., 9-2, 9-10, 9-11, 9-14, 9-16,
9-18
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 2-12-2-14, 2-128, 6-40-6-43
Alternative Fuels •. 3-10, 3-11, 3-15, 5-5
Aquatic Organisms ... 3-50
Asbestos . 2-91, 2-92, 2-94-2-96, 2-98, 2-170, 2-171, 2-233, 2-235, 5-2, 9-24
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAG) 2-290, 4-23, 6-3, 6-67, 6-72
Biological Pesticides 2-218, 2-223, 9-28
Bioremediation 3-77, 3-78, 3-121, 3-124, 3-125, 8-3, 8-14-8-16
Biotechnology 2-136, 2-172, 2-214, 2-215, 2-233, 2-234, 3-133
Brownfields . . 2-135, 2-141, 2-152, 2-159, 2-166, 2-188, 2-193, 2-262, 2-263,
6-2, 6-3, 6-56-6-58, 6-60-6-64, 6-68-6-70, 6-72, 6-75, 6-76, 7-3,
7-31
Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative . . 6-64, 6-63, 6-69, 6-72, 6-76
Buildings and Facilities " 5-2, 5-4
GALFED 2-265, 2-269, 2-270
Carbon Monoxide . 2-42, 2-43, 2-49, 3-10, 3-14, 3-15, 3-20, 3-54, 3-56, 3-66,
3-102, 3-106, 6-64, 9-15, 9-18
CERCLA Section 120 - 2-110, 6-43
Certification and Training 2-211, 2-225-2-227, 9-26, 9-29
Chesapeake Bay Program 2-241, 2-279; 2-280, 2-279, 2-290
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Children's Agenda 2-10, 3-128, 3-130, 3-132
Civil Enforcement 2-83, 2-84, 2-86, 2-88, 2-94-2-98, 2-293, 3-27, 3-28, 3.-30,
3-31, 3-153, 6-35, 6-38, 6-8.2
Clean Air Act 2-12-2-14, 2-42, 2-43, 2-49, 2-52, 2-53, 2-55-2-58, 2-61, 2-62,
2-64, 2-87, 2-90, 2-91, 2-93, 2-95, 2-97, 2-106, 2-121, 2-168,
2-170, 2-182, 2-202-2-204, 2-206, 2-281, 3-10, 3-11, 3-14, 3-15,
3-46, 3-90, 3-100, 3-107, 5-5, 9-14, 9-15, 9-18, 9-19
Clean Water SRF 2-254, 9-5-9-7, 9-52
Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) . 2-4, 2-44, 2-66, 2-148, 2-153, 2-155, 3-19
Coastal Ecosystems 2-263, 3-97
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments 9-45
Colonias . 2-112, 2-114, 2-271, 2-273, 9-4, 9-9, 9-10
Combined Sewer Overflow . . 2-246, 2-275, 2-277, 3-92, 9-€, 9-10, 9-il, 9-46-
9-48
Common Sense Initiative . 2-4, 2-59, 2-104-2-106, 2-125, 2-147, 2-148, 2-157,
2-187, 2-190, 2-191, 2-234, 2-261-2-263, 2-275, 2-277, 2-285,
2-286, 3-87, 3-139, 3-140, 4-2
Common Sense Initiative (CSI) . . . 2-4, 2-41, 2-59, 2-60, 2-84, 2-104-2-106,
2-125, 2-147-2-150, 2-157-2-159, 2-169-2-171, 2-187, 2-190-2-191, 2-234,
2- 261,2-263, 2-275, 2-277, 2-285, 2-286, 2-289, 2-294, 2-296, 2-298,
3-86, 3-87, 3-139, 3-140, 4-2, 9-13, 9-16, 9-20, 9-51
Community Advisory Groups . . 6-61, 6-62, 6-71, 6-76
Community Based 2-141, 2-147, 2-148, 2-166, 2-167, 2-223-2-226, 2-294, 2-296,
2-299, 3-47, 3-95, 9-28, 9-47
Community Involvement 2-106, 6-60, 6-63, 6-70, 6-72, 6-73, 6-76
Community Right to Know . 2-9S, 2-98, 2-208, 2-211, 2-227, 2-228, 2-292, 2-298
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 2-12, 2-13,
2-110, 2-206, 3-119, 3-123, 6-7, 6-35, 6-40, 6-42-6-44,
6-48, 6-49, 6-51-6-53, 6-64, 6-67, 6-69, 6-74, 6-77-6-79, 6-82,
8-9, 8-25, 9-37
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Information System (CERCLIS) ........ 6-61, 6-62, 6-64, 6-73
Compliance Assistance . 2-5, 2-83, 2-84, 2-87, 2-89, 2-93, 2-100-2-106, 2-110,
2-111, 2-293, 3-27, 3-29-3-31, 3-153, 6-78, 6-79, 9-21-9-24, 9-34,
9-35, 9-37-9-39, 9-53
Compliance Assistance Centers . 2-101, 2-103
Compliance Assurance . . 2-84-2-36, 2-101, 2-104, 2-105, 2-109, 2-110, 2-113,
2-114, 2-158, 3-28, 3-29, 6-3; 6-35-6-37, 6-42-6-44, 6-32, 7-17,
7-13, 7-35, 8-10, 8-11, 9-22-9-24, 9-37
Compliance Incentives ....... 2-83, 2-84, 2-87, 2-89, 2-104-2-106, 2-293
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Compliance Monitoring 2-5, 2-83, 2-84, 2-86, 2-88, 2-91-2-94,
2-103, 2-111, 2-112, 2-114, 2-292, 3-27, 3-30, 3-31,
3-153, 6-43, 9-4, 9-21-9-24, 9-32, 9-34, 9-36, 9-53
Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection .... 2-256, 2-257
Concentrated Animal Feedlot Operations .... 2-84
Consent Decrees ....... . 3-28, 6-42, 6-43
Consulting Services .... 2-36, 2-74, 2-173, 2-286, 3-24, 3-25, 3-143, 4-16
Contaminated Sediments . . 2-241, 2-244, 2-260, 2-282, 3-6, 3-41, 3-45, 3-48,
3-91-3-93, 3-142, 6-80
Contingency Plans ...... 8-20, 8-21, 8-23, 9-46, 9-47
Contracts and Grants Management . 2-20, 2-33, 2-34, 2-290, 2-295, 2-297, 6-12,
6-23
Core Program Cooperative Agreements 6-69,6-75
Corps of Engineers . . 2-101, 2-264, 2-267, 2-271, 2-273, 3-45
Corrective Action 2-5, 2-126, 2-182, 2-184, 2-187, 2-190, 2-191, 2-193-2-198,
3-72, 3-73, 3-123, 3-145, 4-5, 4-6, 5-2-7-4, 7-24-7-26, 7-30, 9-33-
9-37, 9-39
Cost Recovery 6-3, 6-4,, 6-30, 6-32-6-37, 6-39-6-41, 6-82
Council on Sustainable Development 2-142
Criminal Enforcement Program . . 2-98-2-100, 2-293, 2-296, 2-298, 3-30, 6-3,
6-36, 6-44-6-46, 6-82
Criminal Investigations . . 2-98-2-100, 2-111, 2-112, 2-114, 3-29, 6-44, 6-45
De Micromis Settlements , 6-42
De Minimis Settlements . 6-41, 6-42
Defense Environmental Restoration Act 6-67, 6-74
Department of Agriculture . , . 2-63-2-65, 2-101, 2-158, 2-227, 2-267, 2-268,
3-133, 9-29
Department of Defense 2-144, 2-223
Department of Interior , , , 6-70, 6-77, 6-79, 6-80, 6-82
Department of Justice . . 2-95, 2-99, 2-118, 3-28, 6-3, 6-36, 6-40, 6-42-6-45,
6-48, 6-82
Department of Labor 2-31, 2-128, 6-70, 6-71
Department of Transportation ..'... 2-65, 2-153, 2-191, 8-22
Design for the Environment 2-209, 2-212, 2-224, 2-233-2-235
Drinking Water Enforcement .... 2-84, 2-86, 2-89, 2-92, 2-96, 2-292, 2-293
Drinking Water Implementation .................. 2-289, 3-153
9
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Drinking Water Needs Survey , 2-245, 2-251, 2-271, 2-273
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 2-123, 2-239, 2-240, 2-248,
2-251, 2-252, 2-254, 2-255, 2-257, 2-271-2-273,
9-2, 9-3, 9-7, 9-8, 9-41, 9-52
Ecological Risk Assessment 2-134, 2-167, 2-186, 3-43, 3-44, 3-46, 3-47, 3-89,
3-92-3-95, 3-101, 3-10,3
Economic Redevelopment . 6-3, 6-36, 6-41, 6-43, 6-58, 6-64, 6-68-6-70, 6-72,
6-76
Ecosystems . . 2-4, 2-42, 2-56, 2-91, 2-92, 2-96, 2-101, 2-102, 2-155, 2-160-
2-162, 2-167, 2-174, 2-177, 2-194, 2-195, 2-197, 2-209, 2-210,
2-258, 2-263, 2-274, 2-276, 2-288, 3-3, 3-6, 3-10, 3-37, 3-39,
- 3-41, 3-43-3-48, 3-50, 3-51, 3-55, 3-90-3-99, 3-117, 3-132, 3-133,
3-136, 3-137, 3-142, 3-143, 3-151, 3-154, 8-2, 8-3, 8-14, 8-16,
8-23, 9-26, 9-32, 9-34, 9-35, 9-37, 9-38, 9-45
Effluent Guidelines 2-125, 2-238, 2-261-2-263, 2-289
Effluent Guidelines Task Force 2-263
Emergency Exemptions ...... .... 2-124, 2-213, 2-214, 2-219
Emergency Planning and Community 2-12, 2-14, 2-92, 2-95, 2-98, 2-101, 2-124,
2-202
Emergency Preparedness » 2-72, 2-73, 2-182, 3-23, 6-79, 8-23
Emergency Response Notification 8-21, 8-24
Emergency Response Team 2-72, 2-73
Endangered Species Act 2-90, 2-106, 2-126
Endocrine 2-4, 2-124, 2-144, 2-210, 2-211, 2-213, 2-217,' 2-221, 2-2,33, 2-240,
2-258, 3-3, 3-5, 3-39, 3-41, 3-84, 3-132-3-136
Endocrine Disrupters . 2-4, 2-124, 2-210, 2-211, 2-213, 2-217, 2-221, 2-240,
2-258, 3-3, 3-5, 3-39, 3-41, 3-84, 3-132-3-136
Enforcement . . . 2-1-2-3, 2-5, 2-8, 2-12-2-14, 2-18, 2-28, 2-42, 2-83-2-100,
2-102-2-106, 2-109-2-114, 2-123, 2-126, 2-134, 2-140, 2-141, 2-143,
2-146, 2-158, 2-169, 2-171, 2-200, 2-204, 2-206, 2-240, 2-243,
2-251, 2-253, 2-254, 2-256, 2-292, 2-293, 2-296, 2-298, 3-1, 3-3,
3-12, 3-13, 3-15, 3-22, 3-27-3-31, 3-153, 4-2, 4-4, 4-9, 4-11-4-13,
6-1, 6-3, 6-8, 6-9, 6-23, 6-26, 6-28, 6-35-6-46, 6-48, 6-51, 6-60,
6-65, 6-69, 6-72, 6-73, 6-78, 6-82, 7-1, 7-3, 7-17-7-19, 7-30,
7-35, 8-1, 8-3, 8-9-8-12, 8-22, 8-25, 9-1, 9-2, 9-4, 9-21-9-24,
9-32, 9-34-9-39, 9-42, 9-43, 9-45, 9-47, 9-53
Enforcement Capacity and Outreach 2-102, 2-104
Enforcement Fairness . 2-169, 2-171, 2-253, 6-3, 6-35, 6-36, 6-40-6-43, 6-72,
7-19
Enforcement Policy and Operations , 8-25
Environmental Appeals Board 2-8, 2-12-2-14, 6-7, 6-48, 6-53
10
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Environmental Crimes and Enforcement 2-5, 2-85, .2-111, 2-112
Environmental Education . . 2-8, 2-14-2-17, 2-133, 2-141, 2-236, 2-291, 3-141,
3-142, 3-145
Environmental Education and Training 2-15, 2-16, 2-141
Environmental Justice . 2-14, 2-15, 2-83-2-85, 2-88, 2-90, 2-105-2-109, 2-141,
2-147, 2-148, 2-150, 2-151, 2-167, 2-168, 2-209, 2-218, 2-226,
2-235, 2-236, 2-271-2-274, 2-293, 2-294, 2-296, 2-298, 2-299, 6-3,
6-36, 6-70, 6-72, 6-76, 9-17, 9-20, 9-23
Environmental Leadership Program ... 2-5, 2-84, 2-104-2-106
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 3-90, 3-91, 3-94, 3-98
Environmental Radiation Ambient 2-44, 3-11, 3-22
Environmental Review and Coordination 2-293, 2-296, 2-298
Environmental Security Initiative ....... ... 2-143
Environmental Statistics 2-165
Environmental Technology Initiative . . 2-131, 3-138
Executive Steering Committee for Information
Management Resources . . . .2-36, 2-38
Facility Response 'Plans 8-3, 8-18-8-20, 8-23
Feasibility Study 2-158, 3-139, 4-12, 6-66, 6-74
Federal Emergency Management Agency 6-77, 6-79, 6-80, 6-82
Federal Facilities Enforcement 2-87, 2-89, 2-94, 2-102, 2-104, 2-105, 2-110,
2-292, 2-293, 2-296, 2-298, 6-3, 6-36
Federal Facility Compliance . . 2-87, 2-89
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 2-95, 2-98, 2-126, 2-86, 2-88, 2-95-2-98,
2-126, 2-170, 2-171, 2-209, 2-210, 2-217, 2-219-2-221,
3-127, 3-128, 3-131, 3-132, 3-134, 3-135, 9-22, 9-23
FIFRA Revolving Fund 2-209, 2-219, 2-221
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 2-99, 2-111, 2-114
Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA) 4-2, 4-3, 4-5, 4-6
Financial Assistance 2-10, 2-11, 2-13, 2-63, 2-67, 2-69, 2-123, 2-163, 2-270-
2-274, 2-290, 2-298, 9-2-9-4, 9-6, 9-7, 9-44, 9-52
Financial Audits 4-11,' 4-12, 4-14, 4-15
Five Year strategy 2-281, 2-282
Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) 2-8, 2-9, 2-14, 2-15, 2-21, 2-23,2-25, 2-27, 2-88,
2-90, 2-118-2-120, 2-127, 2-128, 2-228, 2-229,
6-13, 6-15, 6-48-6-50, 6-52
11
-------
Food Quality Protection Act . . 2-4, 2-12, 2-13, 2-84, 2-85, 2-91, 2-93, 2-94,
2-97, 2-98, 2-111, 2-112,. 2-123, 2-209-2-211, 2-2.16, 2-218, 2-219,
2-228, 3-5, 3-40, 3-127-3-132, 3-134, 3-135, 9-4, 9-22
Food Safety 9-22
Formerly Used Defense Sites 6-67
Fuel Economy 2-59, 2-288, 2-295,, 2-297, 3-11-3-15, 3-17-3-19, 3-152
Geographic Information Systems , 2-16, 2-165, 3-97
Global Change . . 2-289, 2-295, 2-297, 3-6, 3-37, 3-41, 3-50-3-52, 3-96-3-100,
3-151, 3-152, 3-154
Global Change Research . . 2-2,95, 2-297, 3-6, 3-41, 3-52, 3-96, 3-99, 3-151,
3-152, 3-154
GLOB? Program , .2-15
Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) 2-92, 2-94
Government Performance and Results Act . . . 2-78, 2-78, 2-79, 2-110, 2-113,
2-114, 2-174, 2-189, 2-190, 2-193, 2-275, 2-285,
4-3, 4-8, 6-30, 6-32, 6-64, 7-14
Great Lakes National Program Office 2-281, 2-283
Great Lakes Program . , 2-241, 2-290
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2-45, 2-47, 2-65, 2-143, 2-148, 2-153, 2-163, 3-19,
3-96, 3-99, 3-100
Groundwater , . 2-93, 2-126, 2-186, 2-190, 2-194, 2-195, 2-198, 2-210, 2-211,
2-225-2-227,, 2-256, 2-257, 3-73, 3-77, 3-78, 3-93, 3-120, 3-121,
3-123-3-126, 6-66, 6-67, 7-2, 7-3, 7-24-7-26, 7-28, 7-30, 7-31,
8-22, 9-10, 9-22, 9-23, 9-26-9-28, 9-32, 9-37, 9-45-9-48
Gulf Of Mexico 2-133, 2-195, 2-198, 2-241, 2-245, 2-247, 2-283, 2-284, 3-48,
9-35, 9-37
Habitat Restoration Strategy 2-281
Hazard Ranking System 6-64, 6-73
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments . 7-24, 7-26
Hazardous Substance Response . 3-38, 6-1, 6-5, 6-11, 6-24, 6-25, 6-29, 6-35,
6-47, 6-55, 6-59, 6-81
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule . 2-187, 2-190, 2-193, 3-72, 3-73, 3-120,
3-121
Health Assessments 2-56, 2-239, 2-249, 2-250, 2-253, 6-77, 6-79
Health Effects . . 2-4, 2-44, 2-68, 2-136, 2-143, 2-144, 2-173, 2-182, 2-185,
2-233, 2-251-2-253, 2-284, 3-11, 3-16, 3-17, 3-20, 3-22, 3-47,
3-53-3-55, 3-57, 3-62, 3-63, 3-65, 3-67, 3-79, 3-82, 3-93, 3-98,
3-101-3-108, 3-110, 3-111, 3-113-3-115, 3-117, 3-118, 3-127-3-131,
3-133, 3-135, 6-70,' 6-77, 9-7, 9-15, 9-42
Health Risk Assessment . . 2-248, 3-81-3-83, 3-88, 3-102, 3-127-3-132, 3-148
12
-------
High Performance Computing 3-141-3-143
Incineration 2-184, 2-197, 6-75, 9-33
Indian Tribes . . 2-92, 2-200, 2-240, 2-241, 2-252, 2-254, 2-259, 2-270-2-274,
2-278, 2-279, 2-285, 6-2, 6-64, 6-69, 6-75, 6-78, 6-80, 7-30-7-32,
9-2-9-6, 9-15, 9-23, 9-27-9-29, 9-38, 9-39, 9-42, 9-44-9-49
Indoor Air . . 2-42, 2-44, 2-46, 2-48, 2-67-2-70, 2-168, 2-252, '2-289, 2-295,
2-297, 3-11, 3-20-3-22, 3-24, 3-37, 3-57, 3-87, 3-100-3-102, 3-104,
3-106, 3-151, 5-5, 6-26, 6-28
Innovative Assessments . 6-64, 6-73
Innovative Technologies . 2-102, 2-104, 3-72-3-75, 3-124, 3-126, 3-136, 3-138,
3-140, 6-74
Integrated Contracts Management * . 2-29, 2-32, 6-20, 6-21
Interagency . . . 2-12, 2-22, 2-24, 2-26, 2-28, 2-33, 2-34, 2-72, 2-79, 2-101,
2-108, 2-119, 2-120, 2-126, 2-127, 2-143, 2-144, 2-161, 2-163,
2-234, 2-264, 2-267, 2-269, 3-4, 3-40, 3-46, 3-96, 3-98, 3-131,
4-2, 4-8, 4-9, 4-11, 4-12, 6-14, 6-15, 6-17, 6-19, 6-23, 6-32,
6-40, 6-42, 6-43, 6-48-6-50, 6-52, 6-69, 6-77-6-79, 6-82, 7-14
Interagency Agreements 2-12, 2-22, 2-24, 2-26, 2-28, 2-33, 2-34, 2-79, 2-119,
2-120, 2-127, 3-4, 3-40, 4-2, 4-8, 4-9, 4-11, 4-12, 6-14, 6-15,
6-17, 6-19, 6-23, 6-32, 6-48-6-50, 6-52, 6-69, 6-77-6-79, 7-14
Interagency Testing Committee , , , 2-234
International Activities 2-1, 2-131-2-135, 2-138, 2-139, 2-218, 2-227, 2-288
Investigations 2-5, 2-16, 2-17, 2-29, 2-31, 2-98-2-100, 2-111, 2-112, 2-114,
2-128, 2-181, 2-202, 2-204-2-206, 2-292, 3-28-3-30, 3-S7, 3-64,
3-118, 3-135, 4-2-4-6, 4-8-4-16, 6-9, 6-20, 6-21, 6-38, 6-40-6-45,
6-64, 6-73, 6-80, 9-24
Jobs Through Recycling 2-196, 2-199
Judicial Referrals 8-3, 8-10, 8-12
Kalatnazoo 2-3, 2-10, 2-11, 2-20, 2-36-2-38, 2-85, 2-111, 2-112,.2-182, 2-185,
2-190, 2-211, 3-137-3-139, 6-2, 6-3, 6-36, 6-41, 6-42, 6-60, 6-63,
6-69
Labeling 2-64-2-66, 2-97, 2-126, 2-188, 2-215, 2-228, 3-11
Lakewide Management Plans , 2-241, 2-264, 2-281-2-283
Land Disposal 2-182, 2-184, 2-187-2-190, 9-33, 9-34, 9-36
Lead and Copper Rule 9-42
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) 2-200-2-202, 4-1, 4-2,
4-7, 4-15-4-17, 4-21-4-23, 7-1-7-6, 7-9-7-12,
7-17-7-19, 7-21-7-33, 7-35, 9-38, 9-39
Legal Enforcement ' 2-105, 6-82, 7-35
Local Emergency Planning Committees - 6-66
13
-------
Marine , 2-95, 2-98, 2-126, 2-133, 2-140, 2-145, 2-146, 2-238, 2-243, 2-245,
2-263-2-265, 2-267, 2-269, 2-284, 2-289, 3-16, 3-17, 3-52, 6-78-
6-80, 8-2, 8-3, 8-14-8-16
Maximum Achievable Control Technology . . 2-43, 2-55, 2-58, 3-86, 3-103, 9-14,
9-16
Memorandum of Understanding ......... 2-118, 2-144, 2-204, 2-206, 4-20
Methane Emissions 2-65, 2-156
Mission and Policy Management 2-25, 2-27, 2-288, 4-4
Montreal Protocol 2-43, 2-62-2-64
Multimedia '. . 2-8, 2-14-2-18, 2-53, 2-84, 2-87, 2-89, 2-91, 2-93-2-95, 2-98,
2-100-2-102, 2-111, 2-113, 2-148, 2-155, 2-156, 2-186, 2-210,
2-217, 2-223, 2-224, 2-231, 2-260, 2-277, 2-288, 2-292, 2-293,
2-296, 2-298, 3-3, 3-12, 3-28-3-30, 3-72, 3-73, 3-80, 3-81, 3-83,
3-88, 3-101, 3-105, 3-120, 3-121, 3-.12.8, 3-129, 3-136, 3-141,
3-142, 3-151, 3-152, 3-154, 9-23, 9-24
Municipal Solid Waste , 2-154, 2-156, 2-188, 2-191
National Ambient Air Quality Standards .... 2-42, 2-43, 2-45, 2-47, 2-49,
2-52-2-55, ,2-59, 2-122, 3-10,. 3-14, 3-61-3-63, 3-66, 3-103,
3-106-3-113, 9-14 , 9-18
National Contingency Plan . , . 3-22, 6-80
National Emission Standards 2-72, 2-93, 9-14
National Enforcement Investigation Center . 3-27, 6-38
National Enforcement Training Institute ...... 2-111, 2-114
National Estuary Program 2-126, 2-243, 2-245, 2-263, 2-265
National Exposure Registry . 6-77
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2-62, 3-91,
3-97, S-77-6-80
National Performance Review 2-76, ,6-18, 6-30
National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program . . 8-18, 8-20, 8-21, 8-23
National Priorities List (NPL) .... 6-2, 6-43, 6-44, 6-60-6-69, 6-72-6-75,
6-77, 6-79
National Response Center , 6-78, 6-80, 8-21
National Response Team 6-66, 6-74, 6-78
National Rural Water Association ... 2-255, 2-257
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) 3-96, 3-127, 3-132
National Water Quality Inventory . 7-2
Near Coastal Waters . . . 2-284, 9-45
14
-------
Needs Survey 2-245, 2-246, 2-252, 2-271, 2-273, 9-4., 9-10, 9-11
NEPA Implementation 2-83, 2-87, 2-90, 2-106-2-108, 2-293
NESHAPS 2-45, 2-47, 2-72, 2-73, 2-93, 9-14
New Facilities 2-194, 5-3-5-5, 5-7
New Headquarters 2-25, 2-27, 5'-4,5-5
New Legislation 2-3, 2-5, 2-84, 2-91, 2-93, 2-94, 2-111, 2-114
New Source Performance Standards 2-93, 9-14
Nitrogen Oxide 2-44, 3-10
Nonpoint Source 2-5, 2-238, 2-241, 2-258-2-260, 2-266,'
2-268, 2-269, 2-271, 2-273, 2-275, 2-27S, 2-279, 2-280,
2-290, 9-3, 9-41, 9-44, 9-46, 9-52
North American Commission for
Environmental Cooperation 2-88, 2-90, 2-112, 2-114, 2-146
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) 2-16, 2-17, 2-112, 2-114, 2-140, 2-141,
2-171, 2-271, 2-273, 3-80, 3-83, 3-128, 9-2, 9-9
North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) 3-62, 3-107
Occupational Safety and Health Administration .... 2-182, 2-204, 6-77-6-79
Office of Administration and Resources Management 2-20, 2-21, 2-30,
2-32, 2-286, 2-287, 3-8, 3-143, 4-18, 4-19,
5-4, 6-12, 6-13, 7-6, 7-7, 8-6, 8-7
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance 2-84-2-86, 2-158,
3-28, 6-36, 6-37, 7-18, 8-10, 8-11, 9-22
Office of General Counsel . . . 2-118, 2-119, 2-294, 2-296, 2-298, 6-48, 6-49,
7-22, 7-35
Office of Inspector General 2-128, 4-7, 4-13, 4-20, 4-23
Office of the Administrator ..... 2-8-2-11, 2-291, 6-6, 6-81
Office of the Chief Financial Officer .... 2-76-2-80, 6-30-6-34, 7-12-7-15
Oil Pollution Act 8-2, 8-16, 8-18, 8-20, 8-25
Oil Spill . . 3-144, 3-145, 8-1-8-3, 8-5, 8-8-8-10, 8-12-8-25
Oil Spill .Prevention and Preparedness 8-20, 8-23
Oil Spill Response 8-1, 8-2, 8-5, 8-9, 8-10, 8-12-8-19, 8-21-8-24
On-scene Coordinators .... 6-65, 6-78, 6-80, 8-21, 8-22, 8-24
Orphan Share . . . . . . 6-3, 6-40-6-43
Outreach Materials . . 2-59, 2-190, 2-200, 2-201, 2-221, 2-267, 2-278, 3-18,
9-38, 9-3.9
15
-------
Ozone . . . 2-41-2-45, 2-47, 2-49-2-55, 2-62-2-64, 2-93, 2-1.2.2, 2 288, 2-289,
2-295, 2-297, 3-9, 3-10, 3-14-3-16, 3-18, 3-50, 3-54, 3-57, 3-62-
3-65, 3-68-3-70, 3-88, 3-96, 3-98-3-100, 3-102, 3-104, 3-106,
3-107, 3-109, 3-118, 3-143, 3-145, 3-152, 9-13-9-20, 9-51
Particulate Matter (PM-10) 2-53
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles , . 3-11, 3-19
Performance Partnership Grants . . 2-20, 2-24, 2-27, 2-33, 2-35, 2-160, 4-2,
6-15, 9-2, 9-4, 9-46, 9-47, 9-49
Permits Improvement Team 2-186, 2-275, 2-277, 9-36
Permitting . . 2-5, 2-13, 2-14, 2-59-2-61, 2-135, 2-141, 2-150, 2-170, 2-184,
2-191, 2-193-2-198, 2-215, 2-238, 2-244, 2-266, 2-274, 2-276,
2-290, 3-45, 3-49, 3-56, 3-139, 9-16, 9-17, 9-20, 9-33-9-37, 9-41,
9-47, 9-52
Pesticide Disposal ..... 2-227
Pesticide Enforcement 2-92, 9-4
Pesticides in Groundwater 9-22, 9-23
Pesticides Program Implementation , 2-291, 2-292
Pesticides Registration 2-97
Petroleum ...... 2-58, 2-92, 2-101, 2-187, 2-192, 2-235, 3-76, 7-2, 7-28
Pipeline 2-198, 6-66, 6-72
Pollution Prevention . . . 2-3, 2-5, 2-8, 2-42-2-44, 2-56, 2-64, 2-66, 2-100,
2-102, 2-104, 2-107, 2-108, 2-112, 2-124-2-126, 2-134, 2-135,
2-137, 2-138, 2-141-2-146, 2-154, 2-156, 2-167, 2-171, 2-177,
2-179, 2-185, 2-138, 2-195, 2-196, 2-203, 2-208-2-210, 2-212,
2-21,6, 2-217, 2-223, 2-226, 2-229, 2-233-2-236, 2-241, 2-256,
2-261-2-263, 2-272, 2-274, 2-275, 2-279, 2-280, 2-288, 2-292, 3-3,
3-10, 3-20, 3-30, 3-37-3-39, 3-53, 3-66, 3-86, 3-87, 3-89, 3-93,
3-95, 3-131, 3-137-3-141, 3-144, 3-151, 3-154, 6-81, 7-23, 7-26,
7-35, 8-13, 8-21, 8-25, 9-2, 9-7, 9-25, 9-30, 9-32, 9-47, 9-52
Pollution Prevention Activities 2-124, 2-209, 2-234, 2-256, 3-138
Pollution Prosecution Act 2-98-2-100
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) . . . 2-94, 2-96, 2-144, 2-146, 2-233-2-235,
3-74, 3-82, 3-91, 3-92, 3-126, 5-2
Postage 2-25, 2-28, 2-32, 2-33,
2-3,5, 2-36, 2-74, 2-134, 2-135, 2-138, 2-139,
2-169, 2-217, 2-219, 2-220, 2-225, 2-230, 2-231, 2-234, 2-235,
2-286, 2-287, 3-24, 3-25, 3-143, 4-10, 4-14, 4-16, 6-22
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) . 4-13, 6-3,6-35-6-37, 6-39-6-43, 6-61,
6-62, 6-65-6-68, 6-74, 6-82, 7-17, 7-19, 7-35
PRP Response 6-37, 6-40-6-43, 6-61, 6-62, 7-19
Preliminary Assessments 6-64, 6-73
16
-------
Pretreatment 2-275, 2-277, 9-48
Professional Training 2-290, 2-295, 2-298, 6-78
Program Leadership and Evaluation . . . 2-83, 2-88, 2-90, 2-109-2-114, 2-293,
2-296, 2-298, 3-27, 3-153, 6-35, 6-38, 6-39, 6-82
Project XL ........ 2-4, 2-5, 2-59, 2-84, 2-87, 2-89, 2-104-2-106, 2-125,
2-147-2-149, 2-151, 2-158, 2-164, 2-165, 2-169, 2-174,
2-175, 2-191, 2-194, 2-285, 2-286, 2-294, 2-296, 2-299, 9-34
Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) .... 2-251, 2-254, 2-255, 9-3, 9-4,
9-4, 9-8, 9-42, 9-42, 9-43, 9-52
Quality Assurance . 2-16, 2-17, 2-52, 2-55, 2-79, 2-111, 2-112, 2-114, 2-249,
2-251, 2-254, 3-1,8, 3-22, 3-50, 3-66, 3-88, 3-89, 3-143, 3-148,
6-8, 6-9, 6-32, 7-14
Radioactive Waste 2-44, 2-71-2-73, 3-11, 3-22-3-24
Radon Action .Program 2-289, 2-295, 2-297, 3-152
Radon State Grants 2-295, 2-297, 9-51
Reasonably Available Control Technology 2-57
Recalcitrant Owners 7-3, 7-18, 7-19
Record of Decision 6-66
Recycling 2-25, 2-28, 2-31, 2-44, 2-46, 2-48, 2-63,
2-64, 2-72, 2-73, 2-95, 2-97, 2-98, 2-153-2-156,
2-186-2-189, 2-191-2-193, 2-195, 2-196, 2-199
Reformulated Gasoline . . 2-59, 3-10, 3-17, 3-18
Regional Management 2-1,0, 2-11, 2-34, 2-285, 2-291
Regional Multimedia Programs 2-8
Releases . 2-72, 2-73, 2-96, 2-126, 2-181, 2-182, 2-187, 2-194, 2-197-2-199,
2-201, 2-204, 2-206, 2-229, 2-236, 2-276, 2-292, 2-298, 3-22, 6-60,
6-63, 6-65, 6-66, €-73, 6-74, 6-77-6-80, 7-2, 7-3, 7-27, 7-28,
7-30-7-32, 7-35, 8-2, 8-16, 8-20, 8-23, 9-32, 9-34-9-36, 9-38
Remedial Action . . 2-194, 2-198, 2-241, 2-281-2-283, 6-41, 6-43, 6-64, 6-66,
6-74, 6-75
Remedial Action Plans 2-241, 2-281-2-283
Remedial Design . 2-282, 6-41, 6-43, 6-66, 6-67, 6-74
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies •. . . . 6-43
Remedy Review Board 6-67, 6-74
Remedy Selection ...... 2-184, 6-58, 6-65, 6-67, 6-68, 6-71, 6-74, 9-33
Removal Orders 6-42, 6-44
Removal Response Actions 6-65, 6-66
Reorganization 2-33, 2-34, 2-165
17
-------
Repairs and Improvements 2-27, 5-3, 5-5, 5-7
Reregistration ,2-126, 2-208, 2-210, 2-213, 2-214, 2-219-2-222,
2-228, 2-291, 3-33, 3-34, 3-153
Research and Development . . 2-1, 2-2, 2-30-2-32, 2-134, 2-177, 2-178, 2-288,
2-295, 2-297, 3-1-3-4, 3-18, 3-37-3-40, 3-43, 3-50, 3-53-3-55,
3-57, 3-58, 3-62, 3-65, 3-67, 3-72, 3-74, 3-77-3-79, 3-84, 3-86,
3-88, 3-95, 3-100, 3-107, 3-113, 3-123, 3-137, 3-138, 3-142, 3-152,
3-154, 4-8, 5-2, 6-1, 6-2, 6-81, 7-1, 7-4, 7-23-7-26, 7-35, 8-1,
8-13-8-16, 8-25
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) ..... 2-5, 2-12-2-14, 2-86,
2-88, 2-91-2-96, 2-98, 2-103, 2-126, 2-182, 2-184-2-194,
2-196-2-199, 2-236, 2-256, 2-289, 3-72, 3-73, 3-119-3-23,
7-2, 7-3, 7-30, 7-32, 9-31-9-37, 9-39, 9-53
Right to Know . . . 2-3, 2-95, 2-98, 2-124, 2-141, 2-208, 2-211, 2-227, 2-228,
2-239, 2-292, 2-298
Risk Assessments . . 2-56, 2-192, 2-205, 2-210, 2-220-2-222, 3-5, 3-41, 3-47,
3-54-3-56, 3-72-3-74, 3-76, 3-77, 3-79, 3-80, 3-83, 3-95, 3-98,
3-103, 3-105, 3-107, 3-108, 3-110-3-112, 3-118, 3-119, 3-124,
3-128-3-130, 3-138, 3-142, 3-143, 4-3, 4.-8, 4-12, 6-71
Risk Management Plans ... 2-5, 2-202, 2-203, 2-205
Risk-based Decision Making 3-4, 3-39
Rural Community Assistance Program . 2-255
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 2-3, 2-5, 2-12, 2-13, 2-68,
2-84, 2-91, 2-93-2-98, 2-111, 2-114, 2-121, 2-123, 2-125, 2-126,
2-239, 2-240, 2-248, 2-250-2-257, 3-4, 3-6, 3-40, 3-41,
3-113, 3-116, 3-132, 9-3, 9-7, 9-8, 9-42
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments . 2-3, 2--5> 2-68, 2-84, 3-4, 3-40, 3-113,
9-7
Science Advisory Board . 2-8, 2-12, 2-168, 2-250, 2-291, 3-118
Science to Achieve Results ... 2-65, 2-66, 3-52, 3-55, 3-144
Secondary Treatment . 2-243, 2-245, 2-264, 9-4, 9-5, 9-10, 9-11
Self-audit Policy . .... 2-84, 2-104, 2-106
Senior Environmental Employees •.....•. 2-110, 2-227
Significant New Use Rule 2-214, 2-215
Site Characterization 3-72-3-75, 3-119, 3-121, 3-138, 6-64, 7-2
Site-specific Advisory Boards 6-72, 6-74
Small Business Innovative Research .... 3-87, 3-138, 3-140, 3-141
Small Systems . . 2-123, 2-126, 2-239, 2-240, 2-248-2-251, 2-253, 3-69, 3-70,
3-148, 9-42
18
-------
Solid Waste . 2-1, 2-2, 2-84, 2-103, 2-135, 2-153, 2-154, 2-156, 2-181, 2-182,
.2-184-2-186, 2-188, 2-1B9, 2-191, 2-193, 2-196, 2-197, 2-209,
2-231, 2-235, 2-292, 2-298, 3-72, 3-119, 3-123, 3-125, 6-1, 6-58-
6-60, 6-82, 7-1, 7-24, 7-26-7-29, 7-35, 8-1, 8-17-8-19, 8-25, 9-1,
9-31-9-33, 9-53
Source Reduction . . 2-154, 2-156, 2-188, 2-192, 2-196, 2-209, 2-235, 3-140-,
3-144
Source Reduction Review Project 2-209, 2-235, 3-140
Source Water Protection . 2-238-2-240, 2-248, 2-255-2-257, 2-289, 3-116, 9-3,
9-8, 9-41, 9-43, 9-46, 9-47, 9-52
Special Needs Programs . 9-10, 9-11
Special Reviews 2-210, 2-213, 2-214, 2-219, 2-222
State Grants . 2-202, 2-292, 2-295, 2-297, 9-24, 9-30, 9-32, 9-39, 9-51-9-53
State Implementation Plans .'....... 2-49, 2-50, 2-53-2-55, 2-93, 2-125,
3-14, 3-15, 3-66, 3-107, 3-145
State Revolving Funds 9-2, 9-7
Stratospheric Ozone . . 2-41, 2-43-2-45, 2-47, 2-62, 2-64, 2-93, 2-289, 2-295,
2-297, 3-99, 3-100
Streamlining . . 2-4, 2-20, 2-24, 2-26, 2-27, 2-34, 2-61, 2-76, 2-170, 2-171,
2-186, 2-195, 2-196, ,2-218, 2-2.2.9, 2-246, -2-263, 2-272, 2-274,
2-286, 3-14, 3-34, 3-86, 3-104, 4-3-4-6, 4-10, 4-14, 6-4, 6-12,
6-15, 6-17, 6-21, 6-30, 7-33, 9-34, 9-44
Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model 6-64, 6-73
Superfund Innovative Technology
Program . 2-33, 2-44, 2-71, 2-73, 2-91, 2-94,
2-101-2-104, 2-110, ,2-144, ,2-166, 2-185, 2-186, 2-190-2-19
2, 2-194, 2-196, 2-198, 2-203, 2-204, 2-263-2-265, 2-293,
2-296, 2-298, 3-11-3-13, 3-22-3-24, 3-30, 3-37,3-38, 3-46, 3-58,
3-72-3-78, 3-87, 3-119-3-126, 3-128, 3-138, 3-143, 3-151, 3-154,
4-12, 5-4, 6-2, 6-3, 6-23, 6-25, 6-26, 6-28, 6-36, 6-42, 6-48,
6-59-6-82, 7-2, 7-3, 7-18, 7-19, 7-23, 7-25, 7-26, 7-31, 7-33,
7-35, 8-13, 8-21-9-26, 9-34, 9-35, 9-45-9-47
Superfund Technical Support Center ..... , . 6-26, 6-28
Support Costs 2-29, 2-31, 3-34, 4-20-4-22, 6-19, 6-21, 7-9, 8-3, 8-8
Support Services . . 2-26, 2-28, 2-33-2-35, 2-127-2-129, 2-138, 2-139, 2-290,
2-291, 2-295, 2-296, 2-298, 3-143, 3-145, 3-153,
4-2, 4-20, 4-21, 4-23, 6-17, 6-24, 7-10, 8-3, 8-25
Surface Water Treatment Rule . . 2-95, 2-96, 2-245, 2-252, 2-253, 3-118, 9-42
Sustainable Development Challenge'Grants . . 2-17, 2-51, 2-52, 2-274, 2-276,
2-277, 2-285
19
-------
Technical Assistance 2-4, 2-5, 2-12, 2-13, 2-17, 2-27, 2-43, 2-49, 2-52-2-54,
2-57, 2-67, 2-69, 2-72, 2-73, 2-76, 2-84, 2-94, 2-100-2-103, 2-105-
2-107, 2-109, 2-112, 2-118, 2-127, 2-133, 2-136, 2-143-2-145,
2-149, 2-150, 2-152, 2-154-2-157, 2-159, 2-160, 2-166, 2-172,
2-173, 2-182, 2-188, 2-192-2-194, 2-196-2-200, 2-203, 2-205, 2-211,
2-224-2-227, 2-230, 2-231, 2-236, 2-240, 2-245, 2-251, 2-254,
2-255, 2-257, 2-259, 2-260, 2-266, 2-269, 2-271-2-277, 2-283, 3-22,
3-23, 3-49, 3-59, 3-60, 3-65, 3-72, 3-73, 3-76, 3-87, 3-103, 3-105,
3-110, 3-113, 3-116, 3-120, 3-124, 3-130, 3-134, 3-139, 4-10, 5-2,
6-9, 6-18, 6-23, 6-26, 6-28, 6-39, 6-48, 6-51, 6-52, 6-61, 6-62,
6-65, 6-67, 6-70, 6-71, 6-74, 6-76, 6-78-6-80, 7-3, 7-18, 7-19,
7-30, 7-32, 8-22, 9-2, 9-38, 9-46, 9-47
Technical Assistance Grants 6-23, 6-61, 6-62, 6-71, 6-76
Test Guidelines 3-81, 3-135
Title X 2-232
Tolerances 2-4, 2-124, 2-126, 2-210, 2-213, 2-214, 2-217-2-220, 2-291, 2-292,
3-5, 3-40, 3-52, 3-129, 3-130, 3-153
Total Maximum Daily Load . . 2-12.1, 2-125, 2-241, 2-258, 2-259, 2-268-2-270,
2-275, 2-276, 9-4, 9-46, 9-47
Toxic Release Inventory 2-92, 2-124, 2-168, 2-211, 2-212, 2-214,
2-215, 2-229-2-231
Toxic Strategy , 3-102
Toxic Substances Control Act 2-12-2-14, 2-67, 2-69,
2-86, 2-88, 2-9.1, 2-92, 2-94-2-98, 2-101, 2-121, 2-124-2-126,
2-170, 2-171, 2-230, 2-234, 3-127, 3-128, 3-131, 3-132,
3-134, 3-135, 9-22-9-24, 9-29
Toxicity . . . 2-170, 2-171, 2-182, 2-187, 2-192, 2-211, 2-225, 2-227, 2-246,
2-260, 3-5, 3-41, 3-44, 3-45, 3-48, 3-50, 3-55-3-60, 3-67, 3-68,
3-70, 3-71, 3-73, 3-75, 3-76, 3-79, 3-81-3-83, 3-90, 3-92, 3-94,
3-95, 3-104, 3-110-3-112, 3-114, 3-115, 3-124, 3-125, 3-128, 3-129,
3-131, 3-135, 6-78, ,8-3, 8-14, 8-16, 9-27, 9-32
Toxicological Profiles ; 6-77
Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer . ; 6-65, 6-75
Trichloroethylene 3-55
Tropospheric Ozone . 3-62, 3-65, 3-102, 3-104, 3-106, 3-107
Ultraviolet Radiation '. 3-50, 3-70, 3-91, 3-96
Underground Injection Control 2-240, 2-256, 7-3, 9-43, 9-52
United States Coast Guard 6-77-6-80, 6-82, 8-22-8-24
Urban Livability 2-3, 2-51, 2-275-2-277
Underground Stroage Tanks (UST) . . . 2-183, 2-199-2-202, 2-292, 2-298, 3-72,
3-73, 3-125,. 7-2, 7-3, 7-28, 7-30-7-33, 9-31, 9-32, 9-38, 9-39, 9-53
Voluntary Cleanup Programs 6-69, 6-70, 6-72, 6-75, 6-76
20
-------
Voluntary Compliance . 2-101, 2-103, 2-112, 2-115, 2-257, 9-43
Waste Information Needs 2-189, 2-190, 2-192, 2-199, 9-35, 9-37
Water Quality Research 3-151, 3-154
Water Quality Standards . . . 2-121, 2-125, 2-259, 2-260, 2-272, 2-274, 2-278,
2-279, 9-2, 9-3, 9-46, 9-47
Water Resource 2-265
Watersheds 2-96, 2-101, 2-195, 2-263-2-265, 2-26.8-2-270, 2-272, 2-274, 2-276,
2-284, 3-6, 3-41, 3-43, 3-44, 3-49-3-52, 3-90, 3-92-3-95, 3-97-
3-99, 9-5, 9-6, 9-35, 9-44-9-48
Wetlands . . 2-4, 2-37, 2-86, 2-89, 2-96, 2-101, 2-126, 2-161, 2-194, 2-195,
2-197, 2-238, 2-266, 2-267, 2-275, 2-277, 2-280, 2-281, 2-290,
3-45, 3-48, 3-91-3-93, 3-95, 6-80, 8-15, 9-35, 9-41, 9-44, 9-45,
9-52
Wetlands Plan 2-266, 2-267
Worker Protection . . 2-92, 2-96, 2-126, 2-211, 2-225-2-227, 6-78, 9-22, 9-23,
9-26, 9-27
Worker Safety Training Grants ..... 6-77
Working Capital Fund . . 2-19, 2-27, 2-31-2-33, 2-35, 2-36, 2-41, 2-74, 2-79,
2-80, 2-138, 2-168, 2-216-2-221, 2-225, 2-230, 2-2.31, 2-234, 2-235,
2-238, 2-286, 2-287, 2-289-2-293, 3-9, 3-24, 3-25, 3-143, 3-153,
4-4, 4-17, 4-23, 6-11, 6-22, 6-32, 6-33, 6-81, 6-82, 7-14, 7-35,
8-25
Year 2000 . 2-5, 2-21, 2-23, 2-26, 2-28, 2-37, 2-39, 2-43, 2-57, 2-66, 2-155,
2-163, 2-223,, 2-2,24, 2-241, 2-280, 3-15, 3-19, 3-14,3,, 3-144, 4-4,
4-9, 4-10, 4-14, 6-2, 6-3, 6-13, 6-14, 6-17, 6-18, 6-36, 6-41,
6-42, 6-63, 6-68, 6-72, 6-74, 6-75, 9-28, 9-29
Yucca Mountain , 2-46, 2-47, 2-71-2-73
21
-------
Summary
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
Table I
APPROPRIATION SUMMARY: Budget Authority
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1991
PRES. BUD.
FY 1991
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 91
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGS AND MANAGEMENT
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Budget Authority SST Program
Budget Authority derived trora SF
Budget Authority Appropriated in S&?
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE]
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
STATE- AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
Budget Authority .
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
LUST TRUST FUND
Budget Authority LUST Program
Budget Authority Transferred to IG
Budget Authority Appropriated LUST
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE]
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE!
OFC OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
Budget Authority IG Program
Budget Authority derived frdrn SF
Budget Authority derived from LUST
Budget Authority Appropriated in IG
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
FIFRA REVOLVING FUND
Budget Authority
Obiigations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
59,'
1,123,
1,123,
1,818,
10,
542,
512,
542,
492,
2.
31,
31,
74,
2,305,
2,805,
2,491,
41,
41,
41,
•59,
n.
t7/
i"',
40,
-11,
28,
28,
22,
15,
2,
0.0
0.0
125.0
0.0
171.7
m. •>
166.0
818.2
663.6
0.0
663.6
663.6
127.0
344.6
423.6
423.6
919.0
0.0
575.7
575. 7
449.0
0.0
214.9
500. Q
714.9
714.9
380.0
84.6
438.1
438.1
709.0
104.7
000.0
000.0
•500.0
500.0
500.0
463.0
286.0
0.0
900.0
000.0
195.5
1,894,
1,894,
1,811,
11,
621,
-42,
518,
518,
556,
2,
209,
209,
152,
2,852,
2,852,
2,569,
66,
67,
61,
61,
15,
15,
15,
42,
-11,
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
311.3
311.3
113.0
254.5
255.9
508.0
141.9
141.9
141,0
262.9
220,0
220,0
146.0
0.0
206,9
206.9
3H.O
0.0
541.9
577.1
119.0
119.0
554.0
94.1
305.0
305.0
893.0
104.4
771.3
450.5
-511.1
30,
30,
30,
15,
2,
743.7
743.7
012.0
296.6
0.0
900.0
000.0
119.1
H,
1 , 1 52 ,
1,928,
1,199,
11,
587,
-35,
552,
658,
557,
2,
87,,
109,
124,
2,910,
3,563,
2,499,
59,
60,
60,
57,
15,
16,
15,
40,
-11,
0.
0.
000.
0.
221.
221.
328.
261.
000.
000.
000.
000.
591.
268.
220.
220.
846.
0.
201,
206.
566.
0.
423,
577,
000,
000,
995,
94,
000,
000
151,
104,
077
000
-511
28,
28,
28,
19,
500
500
501
296
0
300
Q
0
0
0
0
0
Q
8
0
0
Q
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1
. 9
,0
,0
,0
,0
.0
,0
,0
.1
.a
.0
.0
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.0
.0
1,887,
1,887,
1,811,
11,
654,
-39,
614,
614,
565,
2,
141,
141,
123,
2,193,
2,793,
2,521,
11,
n,
n,
65,
15,
15,
15,
40,
-11,
28,
28,
26,
' 18,
0.0
204
.1
0.
0.
0.
0.
590.
590.
510.
361.
025.
155.
269.
269.
042.
360.
420.
420.
184.
0.
251 .
257.
928.
0.
210.
0.
210.
210.
165.
85.
000.
000.
321 .
103.
141.
641.
0.
500.
500.
500.
293.
0.
000.
0.
222.
0
0
0
0
9
9
0
9
3
9
4
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
7
0
7
7
0
8
0
o
0
6
3
3
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
a
,4
-14
135
-39
12
61
4
62
62
1
54
32
-1
-116
-769
22
11
11
11
7
-1
-1
0.0
0.0
,000.0
0.0
,369.9
,630.1
,242.0
100.1
,025.3
,155.9
,269.4
,269.4
,451.0
92.0
,200.0
,200.0
,662.0
0.0
,950.1
, 949.9
,262.0
0.0
,737.1
-511.0
,210.1
,210.7
,110.0
-8.3
0.0
,000.0
-424,0
-0.8
64.3
641.3
-577.0
0.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.8
0.0
,300.0
0.0
18.3
1-1
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL. PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
Table I
APPROPRIATION SUMMARY: Budget Authority
(dollars in thousands)
HAZ SUB SU.PERFUND TR E,D
Budget Authority Superfund Program
Budget Authority Transferred to SsT
Budget Authority Transferred to IG
Budget Authority Appropriated in ,SF
Obiigations
Outlays
Fall-time equivalents (FIE)
SUPERFUND REIMS
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE1
OIL SPILLS REIM
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
HAZ SUB RESP-REIMB
Budget Authority
obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
S4T REIM
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
EPM REIM
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
PESTICIDE REGISTRATION FEES
Obligations
Outlays
TOTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays . ,
Full-time equivalents (FTE)
FY
OP
1,410
11
1,421
1,421
1,389
3
316
15
60
105
6,617
7,129
6,492
17
1996
PLAN
,171.
0.
,000.
, ni.
,m.
,672.
,347.
0.
,000.
0.
0.
0.
,000.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
146.
0.
,000.
0.
63.
0.
,000.
0.
22.
,658.
,558.
,509.
,412.
0
D
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
3
6
6
0
8
FY
PRES
1,340,
42,
11,
1,394,
1,394,
1,316,
3,
90,
15,
103,
105,
-15,
-15,
7,026,
7,580,
6,620,
17,
1997
. BUD.
286.7
508.0
450.5
245.2
245.2
139.0
580.1
0.0
000.0
0.0
0.0
o.a
000.0
0.0
o.a
0.0
O.Q
0.0
148 .,0
0.0
000.0
0.0
58.9
0.0
000.0
0.0
12.5
000.0
000.0
905.0
025 . 0
6,29.0
991.1
FY
1997
FY 1998
ENACTED
1,348,
35,
Hi
1,394,
1,34B,
1,376,
3,
230,
20,
120,
80,
6,799,
8,335,
6,473,
17,
245.
000.
000.
245.
245.
139.
SOB.
0.
000.
0.
140.
0.
000.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
000.
0.
58.
0.
000.
0.
13.
393.
912.
717.
951.
a
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
3
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
5
1
9
0
1
BUD.
2,042,
39,
Hi
2,094,
2,094,
1,550,
3,
230,
20,
125,
60,
7,645,
8,259,
6,741,
18,
REQ
847
755
641
245
245
939
639
0
000
0
148
0
000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
54
0
000
0
12
493
913
555
283
.8
.9
.3
.0
.0
.0
.7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
,0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.0
.0
.1
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
694,6G2.g
4,755.9
641.3
700,000.0
700,000.0
174,800.0
130.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5,000.0
0.0
-4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.0
846,099.9
-274,893.9
267,838.0
332.0
1-2
-------
Environmental
Programs and
Management
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
HEM OFFICE
UNITED STATES ENVSROHMHTOL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
EHVIBONMENTKL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
AfiBROPRlATIOH ACCOUNT SDMMAKY: by HEM
(dollars in thousands)
FT 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FT 1997
FIT 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA RESEARCH ADD DEVELOPMEHT
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
2,300.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
300.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-300.0
0.0
AA XmpERHATXOZlftli ACTIVITIES
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
17,331.9
77.1
22,629.7
87.1
IS,157.S
84.4
17,037.8
89.3
880.3
4.9
AA AIR S RADIATION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA HATER
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
BLANKING, BUDGETING « ACCOUNT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
235,848.3 307,208.4 255,908.0 312,679.1 56,771.1
1,437.8 1,525.4 1,518.2 1,441.1 -77.1
322,545.8 323,815.3 347,415.6 357,926.3 10,510.7
2,050.0 2,068.5 2,103.4 2,168.5 65.1
29,681.3 29,884.8 40,538.3 41,534.6 996.3
351.1 372.3 369.6 361.8 -7.8
AA ADMIN & RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
ADMINISTRATOR/STAFF
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
391,538.2 418,576.6 366,950.6 380,629.1 13,678.5
1,324.9 1,348.3 1,347.0 1,316.0 -31.0
80,048.3 88,232.6 74,522.1 76,510.5 1,988.4
567.9 536.9 531.9 533.7 1.8
AA PESTICIDES & TOXIC SUES!
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA SOLID WASTE £ EMEUS RES PONS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FIBS
AA. EHEORCEMEN!P
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
GENERAL COUNSEL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
158,615.0 180,992.6 191,753.0 202,364.5 10,611.5
1,170.4 1,229.8 1,281.6 1,337.9 56.3
141,280.3 164,536.0 143,969.2 150,226.4 6,257.2
887.7 982.0 974.7 984.8 10.1
218,323.3 230,609.0 219,999.7 235,537.7 15,938.0
2,292.Z 2,412.3 2,371.4 2,424.9 53.5
23,921.9 27,454.0 27,553.8 30,485.7 2,931.9
274.0 290.2 292.4 309.5 17.1
AA POLICY, PLANNING S EVAL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
66,517.8 100,378.3 67,153.2 82,659.2 15,506.0
385.1 401.7 387.2 394.4 7.2
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,687,952.1 1,894,317.3 1,752,221.0 1,887,590.9 135,369.9
10,818.2 11,254.5 11,261.8 11,361.9 100.1
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UNITED SKATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
F3T9B PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
ABATE, COHX SCOMP-C/O
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SDMMAKy: by HEM
(dollars in thousands)
HIM OFFICE
FT 1996
OP PLAN
P5T 1997
PRES. BUD.
FT 1997
ENACTED
EV 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFEREHCE
»8 - 97
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TOTA& DOLIiABS
EVES
237.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
AA AIR £ RADIATION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
18,118.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
PLANNING, BUDGETING C ACCOUNT
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
75.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
AA ADMEN £ RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
3,654.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Kk SOLID WASTE C EKERG RESPONS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
3,411.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
A& ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
5,456.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GENERAL COUNSEL
TPTMJ DOLLARS
FXES
72.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
AA EOLICy, PLANNINO S EVAL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FEES
4,192.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.ABATE, COtn£COMP-C/O
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
35,219.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
The Agency is requesting a total of $1,887,590,900 and 11,361.9 workyears
for 1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) Account. The cost
of the Budget's proposed additional 1.51 percentage point agency payment to the
Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for Civil Service Retirement System
Employees will be absorbed within this request, once the proposal is enacted.
Through this account, the Agency funds its core environmental programs -- from
setting initial standards to implementing and enforcing the major national
environmental laws. This appropriation also funds programs to maintain and
promote better management of the Agency's resources.
In 1998, EPA strengthens its commitment to protect the nation's public
health. The Agency will focus on efforts related to the passage of new
legislation, and to environmental commitments and priorities made by President
Clinton and EPA Administrator Carol Browner. These efforts will address
important issues such as the safety of the nation's drinking water and food
supplies, the public's right to know about pollution in their neighborhoods, the
revitalization of urban areas, and the effects of pollution on our children.
In August 1996, the President reinforced his environmental commitments in
Kalamazoo, Michigan, to protect communities from toxic pollution. As a part of
this commitment, EPA will work with other federal, state, and local agencies to
put in place a nationwide network to monitor key environmental health indicators
in the air, land and water. Americans will have access to this timely health-
related data to make informed choices that directly affect their health. In
addition, the Agency is working to provide the public with information on toxics
and possible environmental health risks, including cancer, developmental,
hormonal, and reproductive risks. EPA will work closely with state, local, and
tribal officials for additional federal training in the safe and effective
investigation of environmental crimes, and implementing a national effort to get
tougher on criminal polluters.
The Agency will also build upon past successes and expand its risk
assessment programs to more fully consider the nation's most vulnerable
population -- its children. EPA will work to ensure current and future standards
address children's health. EPA will honor a parents' right to know about
possible health threats to their children and provide more public information and
education. Enforcement efforts will also focus on our children; coordinated
initiatives and case development and litigation will protect our children from
the dangers of lead-based paint.
EPA is committed to revitalizing cities through environmental protection.
Through the Urban Livability initiative, the Agency will produce guidelines for
preventing polluted runoff that threatens urban drinking water sources and focus
efforts to improve air quality in urban communities. In addition, support will
be provided to cities for pilot projects in waste minimization outreach and in
coordinated pollution prevention goals in reducing waste generation, energy
usage, and water usage.
With the passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments (SDWA) of 1996,
the Agency will expand on current efforts to protect the nation's drinking water
from contaminants. The Agency will improve development of scientific information
and national standards for contaminants such 'as Cryptosporidiuia and other high
risk microbial contaminants and disinfection byproducts based upon risk. EPA
will establish new prevention approaches, including protecting source waters,
developing solutions to capacity limitations, and training drinking water
facility operators. As public water supply systems are required to report to
their customers on the contents of their drinking water, the Agency is working
2-3
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to develop guidance and rules on both the public notification requirements and
new consumer confidence reporting requirements.
Consistent with the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996, the Agency
will work to ensure the safety of the nation's food supply. The Agency is
developing programs to review pesticides using a new health standard for
children. In addition, EPA is developing the policies and programs needed to
review 9,000 pesticide tolerances in ten years and pesticide registrations every
fifteen years; this will ensure that all pesticides meet current safety
standards. The Agency is also developing the information and tools necessary to
evaluate the risk of pesticides suspected as endocrine disruptors. To enhance
consumers' awareness about pesticide use and related health effects, the Agency
will publish consumer-friendly guides and brochures on the risks and benefits
from pesticides.
EPA will continue to fund the Administration's Climate Change Action Plan
in the EPM account as well as in the Science and Technology account . This
program will continue creating partnerships to produce innovative energy
conservation programs to meet our international commitments to reduce greenhouse
gases. The Agency will also continue to support the Wetlands Initiative and the
watershed approach in key ecosystems such as the South Florida/Everglades area
and the Pacific Northwest.
The Agency will continue to fulfill the Administrator's commitment to help
tribal governments build capacity to manage their own environmental programs, by
providing more training and assistance for tribal communities. 'EPA will increase
its support of the development of Tribal /EPA agreements to assess environmental
conditions and identify long and short-term priorities for environmental
management on tribal lands.
EPA will continue to support programs that address the new demands of our
changing world and improve the methods utilized in protecting the environment and
the public health. The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) continues to strive for a
holistic approach to environmental regulation for our industrial sectors. As
a multi-stakeholder consensus based process, the Common Sense Initiative is
intended to develop "industry-by-industry" pollution control and prevention
strategies that reduce cost, achieve flexible management approaches, and protect
human health. The CSI program is designed to achieve greater environmental
protection at less cost by simplifying and streamlining permit regulations,
creating flexible alternatives to current regulatory approaches, providing
technical assistance to aid industry in complying with environmental standards,
fostering innovative technology, involving communities in facility decisions, and
designing integrated and accessible database systems for recording environmental
data.
Another innovative program that promotes regulatory flexibility is the
Agency's Project XL program. Project XL allows companies' to design more cost-
effective, but environmentally sound, alternatives to EPA rules. Like the Common
Sense Initiative, Project XL actualizes,the government's goal to reinvent itself
by allowing government agencies, facilities, industry sectors, federal
facilities, and local communities the flexibility they need to develop common
sense, cost-effective strategies that will replace or modify specific regulatory
requirements.
In 1998, each National Program Manager will continue to build on the solid
foundations in environmental protection established within each program. The
Agency's air programs will focus on means for improving urban air quality. EPA
will develop rules and new implementation tools and will assist states in
targeting the urban areas and industry sectors at highest risk. As urban sprawl
becomes more of a concern, EPA will also promote more responsible land use as it
relates to transportation decisions, commercial/industrial development, and urban
air quality.
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In 1998, the water quality program will strengthen community-based
environmental protection efforts through targeted geographic initiatives and
development of the tools our partners need to make informed decisions. The
Agency, in response to court settlements and to satisfy the national need for
better tools, will significantly increase direct support to our state partners
to expand and accelerate the development and use of Total Maximum Daily Loads in
their water quality management programs. The Agency will also increase its
efforts to bolster nonpoint source pollution control and prevention programs.
The Agency'3 drinking water program will focus primarily on implementing the
aforementioned Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, and will also continue
its work in protecting human health from microbiological contaminants and
disinfectant by-products (M-DBP cluster rule).
EPA's hazardous waste program will continue to support the overall goal of
prevention, management, and disposal of hazardous and municipal solid wastes.
The Agency will focus on efforts to improve regulations through reinvention, to
support states in developing their risk management plans, to provide more
efficient public access to information, to be responsible for permitting and
corrective actions, and to conduct accident investigations. The Agency will
continue efforts to devolve Resource Conservation and Recovery Act management
responsibility to state governments as they are approved for the program. EPA
underground storage tank efforts will support compliance with the 1998 deadline
for upgrading, replacing, or closing tanks, and continue to work with state
governments to obtain program approval.
The enforcement program will continue to seek to maximize compliance and
promote "beyond compliance" behavior by the regulated community. The enforcement
program will balance traditional compliance monitoring and enforcement actions
with compliance assistance and incentive programs, such as Project XL and the
Environmental Leadership Program. In 1998, the program will focus on the
protection of children through its Lead and Pesticides Enforcement programs. The
Agency will also support the President's commitment on environmental crimes and
enforcement with training for state, local, and tribal environmental
investigators. New enforcement programs will include, national implementation of
a pilot initiative to address pollution caused by concentrated animal feeding
operations, and support for new legislation passed in 1996.
In 1998, the pesticides and toxics substance programs will continue review
of chemicals and provide more technical assistance to state, local, and tribal
communities. New state partnerships will make significant contributions to
meeting the environmental goals of safe food, homes, schools, and workplaces.
Specifically, EPA will expand partnerships with industry to build pollution
prevention consideration into their design and creation of new products.
Finally, EPA's management programs will continue to support the expanded
goals and new technological investments the Agency requires to fulfill its
mission. In 1998, EPA will focus efforts on the task of revamping its computer
systems to prepare for the Year 2000. The Agency will continue to automate
existing administrative systems and also, place more emphasis on reengineering the
data collection processes that meet the needs of both our customers and our
partners. The Agency will place further emphasis on reinvention efforts through
new and improved information resource management systems, streamlined processes
and efforts such as Administrative Reform and Agency accountability systems.
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2-6
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DOTTED SSWBES EHVIROHMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 'PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND
PROGRAM CCMPOHENT
ADMIHISTK&IOR/STMT
HEM SUMMMX: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in tlurasands)
FT 1996
OP ELAN
FT 1997
PRES. BUD.
FT 1998
BUD. BEQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
MZUttCERIAI, SUPPORT
TOTAL DOUARS
RES
21,232.6
206.0
16,808.7 16,397.8
170.1 172.2
18,249.6
176.1
1,851.8
3.9
TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY
TOTAL DOLLARS 10,258.8
FIBS 119.7
11,474.9 12,112.6
129.5 129-0
13,354.9
136.8
1,242.3
7.8
UKDBB5T2U1DXNG OF THE ENVXRONMBHT
TOTAL DOXJARS 20,373.1 23,884.9 21,637.8 22,807.7 1,169.9
FTES 172.4 169.4 166.0 161.1 -4.9
TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO STATES, TRIBES & LOCALS
TOTAL DOLLARS 28,183.8 36,064.1 24,373.9 22,098.3 -2,275.6
FIBS 69.8 67.9 64.7 S9.7 -5.0
EHVIRONMEHTflL PROGRAMS ADD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
RE
80,048.3
567.9
88,232.6
536.9
74,522.1
531.9
76,510.5
533,7
1,988.4
1.8
2-7
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS MID MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $76,510,500 and 533.7 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of the
Administrator (OA) .
To meet the challenges of the future, Americans are calling for a new
generation of environmental protection--one that is based on common sense and
partnership. They are challenging their leaders to adopt tough but reasonable
goals for the environment and to offer people .and institutions the flexibility
to find cost-effective ways to achieve those goals,
Environmental Goals for America is part of the Clinton Administration's
effort to build that new generation of environmental protection through
regulatory reinvention. By stimulating a discussion of the real environmental
results that our nation should achieve, the U.S. EPA hopes to clear the way for
solutions that are cleaner for the environment, cheaper for taxpayers and
industry, and smarter for the future of this country.
Resources will be used by the Administrator, Associate Administrators, and
staff offices for a wide variety of activities intended to ensure strong and
effective leadership and direction at the Agency. In particular, resources
provide for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests in both Headquarters and
the Regions, a stronger Civil Rights Compliance program, better enforcement
through increased hearings by Administrative Law Judges and the Environmental
Appeals Board, better science through the Science Advisory Board and the Office
of Cooperative Environmental Management, increased environmental literacy through
the Office of Environmental Education, implementation of a strategic
environmental education and public outreach plan, and better assistance to small
and disadvantaged businesses and small communities.
The OA is the National Program Manager for two Regional multimedia programs
that provide technical support to state, local and tribal governments: the
Regional Environmental Services Divisions and their capital equipment; and
Regional multimedia projects that fund local projects identified by the Regions
as being significant and critical to Regional, state, and local jurisdictions'
environmental programs.
Multi-media resources within the OA also support the environmental
education program. Authorized by the National Environmental Education Act, this
program focuses on two broad areas: improving basic science literacy, which is
the core of environmental education for students in grades K-12 and colleges;
and informing the general public about the environmental consequences of their
individual and collective actions.
The OA's multimedia program provides staffing for the National Advisory
Council for 'Environmental Policy and 'Technology, whose goals are to improve
environmental pollution prevention, increase leveraging of public and private
resources, and assist with the development of new technologies.
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1998
1997
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
DATA OUTPUT CHART
o 100 Personnel Management Actions
o 12 Staffing Plans Developed
o 400 Computer Systems Supported
o 13 Record Management Reviews
o 7,000 Congressional Requests for Information
o 5,500 Congressional Correspondence Responses
o 8,000 Legislative Library Requests for Information
o 925 Legislative Drafts Prepared and Reviewed
o 50 Scientific Reviews and Analyses Conducted
o 103 EAB Adjudicatory and Judicial Reviews
o 1,766 ALJ Adjudicatory and Judicial Reviews
o 70,000 Executive Correspondence Responses
o 5,000 FOIA Request Responses (Headquarters)
o 20,000 FOIA Request Responses (Regions)
o 100 Personnel Management Actions
o 12 Staffing Plans Developed
o 400 Computer Systems Supported
o 13 Record Management Reviews
o 6,500 Congressional Requests for Information
o 5,000 Congressional Correspondence Responses
o 7,700 Legislative Library Requests for Information
o 875 Legislative Drafts Prepared and Reviewed
o 50 Scientific Reviews and Analyses Conducted
,o 165 EAB Adjudicatory and Judicial Reviews
o 1,655 ALJ Adjudicatory and Judicial Reviews
o 70,000 Executive Correspondence Responses
o 5,000 FOIA Request Responses (Headquarters)
o 20,000 FOIA Request Responses (Regions)
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i SPEfORT
1998 PROgRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $18,249,600 and 176.1 total workyears in
1998 for the Managerial Support program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the Immediate Office of
the Administrator and her staff with a request of $4,229,200 and 33-4 total
workyears; personnel, financial, records, and administrative management support
for the Office of the Administrator with a request of $1,469,400 and 17.1 total
workyears; civil rights activities with a request of $4,174,100 and 42.1 total
workyears; and Regional management with a request of $8,375,900 and 83.5 total
workyears .
Management resources will provide general oversight and support to both
Headquarters and the Regions . The Regional management functions support the
Regional Administrators ' offices and their information resource management and
records management systems .
OA will support two new initiatives in 1998. First, OA will ensure that
the Kalamazoo Initiative has high-level attention and is fully coordinated
throughout the Agency. Second it will provide overall coordination for the
Children's Agenda Initiative. The Agency will ensure that common sense, cost
effective proposals are developed to assist parents with understanding,
assessing, and avoiding the unique environmental risks experienced by children.
The Office of Executive Support will provide personnel, administrative,
budget, planning, and financial management support to the OA. The Office will
also assist managers and supervisors in hiring qualified staff in accordance with
the Agency's affirmative action and human resource management programs and
principles. The resources also allow this office to provide the expertise,
reports and information that managers need to understand the resource
implications of their management decisions and to ensure that the OA operates
within its authorized funding levels , Automated data processing and information
resource management support will also be provided to the OA.
The Administrator's representation fund will cover the expenses of official
receptions and other functions. The demands on the Agency to -sponsor official
receptions and other functions for a variety of national and international
organizations necessitates these resources.
The Regional and Headquarters Civil Rights Offices will provide the Agency
with policy direction and guidance on equal employment opportunity, civil rights,
and diversity issues. These Offices will process discrimination complaints;
develop, administer, and monitor the implementation of the Agency's affirmative
employment program; manage the special emphasis programs that are designed to
improve the representation and utilization of minorities and women in the
Agency's workforce; and administer the external compliance program pertaining to
recipients of EPA financial assistance.
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EXPLANATION OF CHANGEi +3., 9 gTE ±S_1.,.65.1.... 8K
Changes in resources represent administrative reform reductions
(-.6 PTE); an increase of 2.0 total workyears to support the Office of Civil
Rights in implementing the Agency's regulations regarding nondiscrimination in
Federally-assisted prpgrams under Title VI ($150,000); support for the Kalamazoo
Initiative (2.5 FTE/$1,150,000); and a modest increase in workforce costs
($440,000).
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $15,397,800 and 172.2 total workyears
for the managerial Support program component. Major activities within this
program component are: the Immediate Office of the Administrator and her staff
with an allocation of $3,433,400 and 31.1 total workyears; the Administrator's
representation fund with an allocation of $6,000; personnel, financial, and
records and administrative management support for the Office of the Administrator
with an allocation of $1,541,600 and 17.3 total workyears; civil rights
activities with a request of $3,595,700 and 40.3 total workyears; and Regional
Management with an allocation of $7,821,100 and 83.3 total workyears.
Management resources will continue to provide general oversight and support
to both Headquarters and the Regions. They will support the management functions
of the Regional Administrators' offices, as well as Regional information resource
management and records management.
The Office of Executive Support will continue to provide personnel,
administrative, budget, planning, and financial management support to the Office
of the Administrator. The Office will assist managers and supervisors in hiring
qualified staff in accordance with the Agency's affirmative action and human
resource management programs and principles. The resources within this support
office will provide the expertise, reports and information that managers need to
understand the resource implications of their management decisions and to ensure
that the Office of the Administrator operates within its authorized funding
levels. Automated data processing and information resource management support
will also be provided to the office of the Administrator.
The Administrator's representation fund will continue to cover the expenses
of official receptions and other functions. The demands on the Agency to sponsor
official receptions and other functions for a variety of national and
international organizations necessitates these resources.
The Office of Civil Rights will continue to provide the Agency with policy
direction and guidance on equal employment opportunity, civil rights, and
diversity issues. These Offices will process discrimination complaints; develop,
administer, and monitor the implementation of the Agency's affirmative employment
program; manage the special emphasis programs that are designed to improve the
representation and utilization of minorities and women in the Agency's workforce;
and administer the external compliance program pertaining to recipients of EPA
financial assistance.
.2-11
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $13,354,900 and 136,8 total workyears in
1998 for the Technical Support to the Agency program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are: Congressional and
legislative activities in Headquarters and the Regions with a request of
$5,138,400 and 59.5 total workyears; small, minority, women-owned business
oversight with a request of $1,391,100 and 7.9 total workyears; scientific review
and analysis with a request of $2,418,300 and 22.5 total workyears; the
Administrative Law Judges with a request of $3,437,100 and 34.4 total workyears;
and the Environmental Appeals Board with a request of $970,000 and 12*5 total
workyears.
.In 1998, Office of Congressional and .Legislative Affairs (OCLA) will
provide effective day-to-day liaison with Congress and ensure that Member and
Committee requests are handled in a timely manner. Legislative activity is
expected to continue with regard to several major environmental statutes,
including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act; the Clean Water Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, as well as a follow-up to the implementation and
amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Food Quality Protection Act*
The Headquarters Office will continue to manage the Legislative Reference
Library.
The Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) will
provide technical assistance to both Headquarters and Regional program office
personnel to ensure that small, minority, and women-owned businesses are
receiving a "fair share" of Agency procurement dollars directly or indirectly
through EPA grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements
consistent with Federal laws and regulations. The Office will continue to expand
opportunities for small, minority, and women-owned businesses by increasing
Agency outreach and economic development.
In 1998, regulatory issues will be identified for the Science Advisory
Board (SAB) to review, in addition to a major study on ranking relative
environmental risks. The SAB provides expert, independent advice to the
Administrator and the Agency on the scientific and technical issues which serve
as the underpinnings for Agency regulatory decision making. The SAB will
continue to utilize the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee and the Clean
Air Act Compliance Analysis Committee in conducting its reviews.
The Office of Administrative Law, Judges will support the adjudication or
settlement of cases initiated by administrative complaints filed under EPA's
administrative enforcement program. The resources will be used to provide
hearings to those accused of environmental violations under such statutes as the
Clean Air and Water Acts; the Toxic Substances Control Act; the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act; and the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. In addition, increased emphasis will
be devoted to the use of alternative dispute resolution techniques in bringing
cases to settlement and avoiding costly litigation.
The Environmental Appeals Board will issue final Agency decisions in
administrative cases, primarily those on appeal from decisions of Regional
Administrators, Administrative Law Judges, and in some cases, state officials.
These decisions are the end point in the Agency's administrative enforcement and
2-12
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permitting programs. -The right of affected persons to appeal these decisions to
the Board is conferred by various statutes, regulations, and constitutional due
process rights.
EXPIiANATIQN OF CHANGE; +6.8 FTE +S1,242.3K
In 1998, the OMBUDSMAN activities within OSDBU are being shifted to the
Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation (OPPE). In shifting the OMBUDSMAN"
activities to OPPE, it became apparent that, in recent years, OSDBU activities
have been funded almost exclusively with Congressional earmarks and carryover
resources. As a result, an increase of $153,900 in expense resources have been
redirected from other Agency activities to OSDBU. This decision, along with an
investment of 1.0 total workyear ($80,000) responds to congressional calls for
increased resources for OSDBU.
An investment of 5.8 total workyears ($600,000) for judicial and
administrative review will permit the Agency to strike a better balance between
its prosecutorial enforcement efforts and its statutory hearing and decision-
making responsibility. EPA has almost five times the number of enforcement cases
it had in 1983, and the Agency's judicial capacity to promote settlement or to
hear and decide these cases had not kept pace. The additional workyears will
also permit greater use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques being
developed and refined under the 1997 ADR pilot program. The Agency anticipates
a modest increase in workforce costs ($350,000).
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $12,112,600 and 130.0 total workyears for
the Technical Support to the Agency program component. Major activities within
this program component: are Congressional and legislative activities at
Headquarters and in the Regions with an allocation of $4,927,700 and 59.5 total
workyears; small, minority, and women-owned business oversight with an allocation
of $1,237,200 and 6.9 total workyears; scientific review and analysis with an
allocation of $2,497,100 and 22.5 total workyears; the Administrative Law Judges
with an allocation of $2,509,300 and 29.6 total workyears; and the Environmental
Appeals Board with an allocation of $941,300 and 11.5 total workyears.
In 1997, the OCLA will continue to provide effective day-to-day liaison
with Congress and ensure that Member and Committee requests are handled in a
timely manner. Increased legislative activity is expected to continue with
regard to several major environmental statutes, including the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act; the Clean Water Act? the
Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as
well as a follow-up to the implementation and amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act and the Food Quality Protection Act. The Headquarters Office will
continue to manage the Legislative Reference Library.
OSDBU will continue to provide technical assistance to Agency personnel to
ensure that small, minority and women-owned businesses receive a "fair share" of
.procurement dollars under EPA's Financial Assistance Program.
In 1997, regulatory issues will continued .to be identified for the SAB to
review, in addition to a major study on ranking relative environmental risks.
The SAB provides expert, independent advice to the Administrator and the Agency
on the scientific and technical issues which serve as the underpinnings for
Agency regulatory decision making. The SAB will also more fully utilize two
recently-developed committees: the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee
and the Clean Air Act Compliance Analysis Committee.
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In 1997, the Office of the Administrative Law Judges will continue to
support the adjudication of cases, including formal hearings resulting from
administrative complaints filed by the enforcement program to ensure compliance
with environmental statutes such as the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; and the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. In addition, the Office plans to
initiate a pilot ADR program. Under this initiative, Judges will be appointed
as neutrals to assist in the resolution of difficult cases.
The Environmental Appeals Board will issue final Agency decisions in
administrative cases, primarily those on appeal from decisions of Regional
Administrators, Administrative Law Judges, and in some cases, state officials.
These decisions are the end point in the Agency*s administrative enforcement and
permitting programs. The right of affected persons to appeal these decisions to
the Board is conferred by various statutes, regulations and constitutional due
process .rights.
IMPROVED mmSRSTMIDHT^ OF THE EMVIROMMEMT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $22,807,700 and 161.1 total workyears in
1998 for the Improved Understanding of the Environment program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are: Headquarters
correspondence and FOIA with a request of $1,507,300 and 18.9 total workyears;
Headquarters direct public information and assistance with a request qf
$3,875,900 and 45.5 total workyears; GLOBE with a request of $1,000,000; the
National Education and Training Foundation with a request of $780,000; and
Regional FOIA, environmental education operations, direct public information and
assistance, and environmental justice with a request of $7,342,600 and 82.1 total
workyears; multimedia environmental education operations with a request of
$5,426,900 and 9.7 total workyears; and the Regional environmental education
grants with a request of $2,875,000 and 4.9 total workyears.
In 1998, the Executive Secretariat will: control an ever increasing
quantity of correspondence; route, log, and track FOIA requests; foster a more
active role for the Agency-wide FOIA Coordinator, including FOIA policy
development; coordinate Agency FOIA policies; guide and train staff in the
implementation of the Agency FOIA Tracking System program, and the Correspondence
Tracking Information Management System; prepare a yearly report to Congress on
the cost of administering FOIA; provide policy and program oversight on FOIA; and
manage and track executive correspondence.
In 1998, the Agency will continue to use various media resources to aid and
increase public understanding of science, thereby increasing public awareness of
environmental issues and their technological and scientific solutions. The
Agency will support the Vice Presidential initiative known as GLOBE through
workshops and other meetings to involve scientists and educators in selecting
appropriate environmental observations, the best measurement methods and
instruments to be used to ensure the greatest value for both science and
education,
The Agency will also continue to build and expand upon the Administrator' s
two broad goals of increasing environmental literacy throughout the country; and
2-14
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fostering future generations of scientists, engineers, communicators, and other
environmental specialists. EPA will also support the National Environmental
Education and Training Foundation to strengthen and enhance the role of
environmental education and foster partnerships among government, academic
institutions, business, industry and community groups.
Multimedia resources will serve to implement a decentralized grant program
to educate students, individuals, Tribes and communities about environmental and
health protection. 'This program supports educational and training programs that
encourage replication of model environmental education curricula programs and
materials for educators and teachers. It also supports youth programs such as
the President's Environmental Youth Awards. The National Environmental Education
Act specifically earmarks the percentage of appropriated funds that must be used
for activities under certain sections of the Act. The Regions fund approximately
200 to 250 grants per year, depending on the number of grants and funds
requested,
EXCLAMATION OF CHANGE: -4.3 FTB +S1.169.9K
.Changes reflect a reduction of 2.0 total workyears in Headquarters from
direct public information and assistance activities, as well as a reduction of
2.7 total workyears in the Regions from activities associated with direct public
information and assistance.
The GLOBE program has been funded in 1998 with $1,000,000. Additional
increases include increased workforce costs.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $21,637,800 and 166.0 total workyears for
the Improved Understanding of the Environment program component. Major
activities within this program component are: Headquarters correspondence control
and FOIA with an allocation of $1,361,300 and 19.0 total workyears,- Headquarters
direct public information and assistance with an allocation of $4,143,800 and
47.5 total workyears; the National Education and Training Foundation with .an
allocation of $780,000; Regional FOIA, environmental education operations, direct
public information and assistance, and environmental justice with an allocation
of $7,213,400 and 84.8 total workyears; multimedia environmental education
operations with an allocation of $5,277,000 and 9.8 total workyears; and the
regional environmental education grants with an allocation of $2,862,300 and 4.9
total workyears.
In 1997, resources within the Executive Secretariat will continue to be
used to: control an ever increasing quantity of correspondence; route, log, and
track FOIA requests; foster a more active role for the Agency-wide FOIA
Coordinator, including FOIA policy development; coordinate Agency FOIA policies;
guide and train staff in the implementation of the Agency FOIA Tracking System
program and the Correspondence Tracking Information Management System; prepare
a yearly report to Congress on the cost of administering FOIA; provide policy and
program oversight on FOIA; and manage and track executive correspondence.
The Agency will continue to build and expand its use of various media
resources to aid and increase public understanding of science, thereby increasing
public awareness of environmental issues and their technological and scientific
solutions.
In 1997, the Agency will also continue to build and expand upon the
Administrator's two broad goals for educating the public: first, to increase
environmental literacy throughout the country; and second, to foster future
generations of scientists, engineers, communicators, and other environmental
2-15
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specialists. It will also support the National Environmental Education and
Training Foundation to strengthen and enhance the role of environmental education
and foster partnerships among government, academic institutions, business,
industry, and community groups.
Multimedia, resources will serve to implement a decentralized grant program
to educate students, individuals, Tribes, and communities about environmental and
health protection. This program supports educational and training programs that
encourage replication of model environmental education curricula programs and
materials for educators and teachers. It also supports youth programs such as
the President's Environmental Youth Awards. The National Environmental Education
Act specifically earmarks the percentage of appropriated funds that must be used
for activities tinder certain sections of the Act.
TBCHHICAL SOTPORT TO STATS. ...LOCAL. AHPTRIBAL GOVERNHEtTOS
3.998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $22,098,300 and 59.7 total workyears in 1998
for the Technical Support to State, Local, and Tribal Governments program
component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are support for the National
Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT), and
implementation of NAFTA, with a request of $1,649,400 and 8.2 total workyears;
Regional analytical environmental services with a request of $2,550,600; Regional
multimedia activities with a request of $12,854,000; Regional operations,
partnerships, and outreach programs with a request of $2,312,900 and 25.9 total
workyears7 and Regional Operations and State/Local Relations activities with a
request of $2,731,400 and 25.6 total workyears.
Resources in this program component will provide for management of the
Administrator's National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology
(NACEPT) and its standing committees. They will also facilitate and monitor the
Agency's response to recommendations accepted by the Administrator and will
manage statutorily-mandated advisory committees dealing with NAFTA implementation
and U.S./Mexico border issues. The committees are: the National Advisory
Committee/Governmental Advisory Committee and the Good Neighbor Environmental
Board. EPA will identify and promote the development of new and innovative
environmental technologies, policies, and approaches to environmental management
through cooperative partnerships with organizations and institutions outside of
EPA and identify ways to remedy administrative or other barriers that stifle
effective implementation.
The Regional scientific and technical services functions are involved with
monitoring environmental data, responding to environmental emergencies, sample
collection, transport, laboratory analysis, and data review and evaluation.
Scientific and technical services provided will include: improved state-of-the-
art sampling, analysis, and assessment methods; establishing networks with
private, state, and academic institutions; ecosystem and pollutant modeling
capabilities; and field investigations, quality assurance, and Geographic
Information Systems,
The Regional Multimedia Initiatives Program will provide funding for local
projects identified by the Regions as being most significant and critical to
Regional, state, and local jurisdictions' environmental programs. Funding will
also allow the Regions to support a broad range of community-based environmental
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protection projects. These projects fund environmental problems unique to
localities within each Region to achieve the greatest risk reduction for
environmental protection dollar expended. This multimedia-based program will
provide the needed resources for the Regional offices to handle risk-based
priorities that are geographically unique to the Regions and are not adequately
addressed by the Agency's national programs. This program attempts to further
Agency management goals by making program funds available to those levels of
management that have the most direct responsibility for carrying out the Agency's
mission.
Resources in this program component also ensure that: the Administrator' s
policies are effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators; the
Administrator is alerted to potential Regional problems and concerns; the
Administrator is assisted in managing significant Regional issues; and the
Headquarters' liaison with the Environmental Services Divisions is continued.
EPA will improve its relationship with state and local governments through
completion of current activities in reforming oversight of the states and
building state capacity in environmental protection. EPA will also strengthen
its working relationship with professional associations representing state and
local interests to gain their perspectives and input into Agency decision making.
The Agency will also carry out its responsibilities for leading the Small Town
Task Force, the Small Town Environmental Planning Program, and the Local
Government Advisory Group. These collective activities enhance EPA's ability to
build partnerships and create workable, flexible policies for Federal, state, and
local interests, thereby achieving more efficient and effective environmental
improvements.
EXPLANATION OF .CH&MfflE -5...0 FTE -S2.275.6K
Regional multimedia resources will be decreased by 5.0 total workyears
($375,000), representing a redirection of Regional staff to support Sustainable
Development Challenge Grants. The 1997 Congressional earmarks for the Early
Childhood Initiative in Environmental Education ($525,000) and the Nebraska
Mandates Initiative($850,000) will not be funded in 1998. Other changes include
a shift of approximately $350,000 in NAFTA and ecosystem activities from
Headquarters to regional operations, as well as a reduction in Headquarters
regional operations activities ($573,000). The Agency anticipates a modest
increase in workforce costs ($150,000) *
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $24,373,900 and 64.7 total workyears for
the Technical Support to State, Local, and Tribal Governments program component.
Major activities within this program component are NACEPT support and NAFTA
implementation with an allocation of $2,026,200 and 9.2 total workyears; regional
analytical environmental services with, an allocation of $2,550,600; Regional
multimedia activities with an allocation of $14,288,200 and 5.0 total workyears;
Regional operations, partnerships, and outreach programs with an allocation of
$2,204,100 and 25.9 total workyears; and Headquarters ' Oversight of Regional
operations, partnerships and outreach with an allocation of $3,304,800 and 24.6
total workyears.
Regional Analytical Environmental Services will provide partnerships and
outreach for primary field investigations, monitoring, sample collection and
transport, laboratory analyses, data analysis and evaluation, quality
assurance/quality control oversight, environmental emergencies and Geographical
Information Systems, the National Drinking Water Laboratory Certification
Program, and technical assistance to state drinking water laboratories. Modern,
well-maintained laboratory and field equipment will be used to address the
2-17
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Agency's good science, enforcement, and environmental monitoring assessment
goals. This program will fund the laboratory and field equipment necessary to
effectively maintain Agency standards for good science. Funding will also
support increasing demands for sophisticated data generation and analysis
support.
The Regional Multimedia Initiatives Program will continue to fund local
projects identified by the Regions as being most significant and critical to
Regional, state, and local jurisdictions' environmental programs. Funding will
also allow the Regions to support a broad range of projects. These projects will
fund environmental problems unique to localities within each Region to achieve
the greatest risk reduction possible. This multimedia-based program will provide
the needed resources for the Regional offices to 'handle risk-based priorities
that are geographically unique to the Regions and are not adequately addressed
by the Agency's national programs. This program attempts to further Agency
.management goals by making program funds available to those levels of management
that have the most direct responsibility for carrying out the Agency's mission.
Resources in this program component also continue to ensure that the
Administrator's policies are effectively communicated to the Regional
Administrators; alert the Administrator to potential Regional problems and
concerns; assist the Administrator in managing significant Regional issues; and
continue Headquarters liaison with the Environmental Services Divisions.
EPA will improve its relationship with state and local governments through
completion of current activities in reforming oversight of the states and
building state capacity in environmental protection. EPA will strengthen its
working relationship with professional associations representing state and local
interests to gain their perspectives and input into Agency decision making. The
Agency will also carry out its responsibilities for leading the Small Town Task
Force, the Small Town Environmental Planning Program, and the Local Government
Advisory Group. These collective activities enhance EPA's ability to build
partnerships and create workable, flexible policies for Federal, state and local
interests, thereby achieving more efficient and effective environmental
improvements.
The Ombudsman activities within the Office of Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization is being shifted to the Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation in 1997.
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PROGRAM COMFONEHT
AA ADMIN & RESOURCES MET
UNITED STATES EHVIBOHMENTJtt PROTECTION AGEHCY
EY98 PRESIDENT •£ BUDGET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
HEM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FT 1996 FT 1997 Flf 1997 Pit 1998
OP ELAN FRES. BUD. ENACTED BUD. HBQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
Management Services and Stewardship
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
65,719.7 73,803.3 64,063.4 64,668.5
865.1 863.S 868.4 846.7
605.1
-21.7
Essential Infrastructure - HQ
TOTKL DOEtAHS
FTBS
177,996.4 218,480.5 190,997.3 195,349.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4,352.0
0.0
Capital Fond - HQ
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
Management Services and Stewardship
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES '
Infrastructure - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
Working Capital Pond - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
Executive steering Committee for IRH
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTB
63,
Regions
27,
51,
5,
391,
1,
695.
0.
543.
459.
039.
0.
0.
0.
543.
0.
538.
324.
2
g
9
8
1
0
0
g
9
0
2
9
13,930.
0.
28,342.
462.
52 ,510 .
14.
1,680.
0.
29,829.
7.
418,576.
1,348.
0
0
5
8
3
3
6
0
4
4
6
3
5,821
0
28,773
456
45,721
14
1,951
0
29,621
7
366,950
1,347
.5
.0
.5
.9
.2
.3
.8
.0
.9
.4
.6
.0
5,821
0
29,723
445
48 ,493
14
1,951
0
34,621
9
380,629
1,316
.5
.0
.0
.8
.1
.0
.8
.0
.9
.5
.1
.0
0.0
0.0
949.5
.-11.1
2,771.9
-0.3
0.0
0.0
5,000.0
2.1
13,678.5
-31.0
2-19
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
The Agency requests a total of $380,629,100 and 1,316.0 total workyears in
FY 1998 in the Environmental Program Management Account for the Office of
Administration and Resources Management. The major components of this program
are Management Services and Stewardship, which includes Facilities Management,
Contracts and Grants Management, Information Systems and Services, and Human
Resources Management; and Essential infrastructure, which includes nationwide
services to maintain and enhance agency facilities (rent and utilities), and
provide office, building, and maintenance services (security, printing, equipment
maintenance). These management and essential infrastructure services are
provided in EPA's Headquarters, field, and regional locations* This program also
includes funds for the Executive Steering Committee (ESC) for Information
Resources Management -
Goals and Objectives
OARM's first a
XriZlT3J3tirU.OtXlX'G / Ojp0yo.v* JL.\^J.J.IO / CU.AIMI. ¥*%•*»*.-TV-L. w* wc= s? ujMr|u*W.L.
-------
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
FACILITIES AND HEALTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management . Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards .
o Security. Implement enhanced security measures at EPA facilities across
the country. Also, security is provided at a level sufficient to ensure
employee safety on Agency property.
o Health _and_ Safety Ceanpliance . Health and Safety repairs will be addressed
as well as projects necessary to ensure compliance with environmental
statutes ,
INFORMATION
o Year 2 0 0 0 : Thirty five percent (35%) of systems managed are compliant
with the Year 2000 requirement.
o electronic Fosna: Deploy to the desktop of 3000 Agency staff,
o Public Access : Information Resources Center responds to 1000 request for
Agency data per month; provide for over 100, 000 pages of information on
Internet .
o S tewardship : Support Agency planning and the Information Technology
Management Reform Act .
CONTRACTS MRNASEMENT
o Contract Awards; OAM will award and administer contracts totaling $400
million dollars.
o Administrative doee-Oute : OAM will close out a total of 200 contracts.
o Contractor Purchasing System Reviews (CPSRs) : OAM will complete 2 CPSRs
to ensure that contractor's purchasing systems are following federal
regulations set for in the FAR.
o Financial /Cost Reports : OAM will complete 70 Financial /Cost Reports that
include audits of preaward and interim incurred costs on contractors with
Agency contracts as well as financial capability reviews of contractors
who want to do business with EPA.
o Small Purchase Orders: OAM will award, administer, and process 8000 small
purchases .
o Claims /Terminations /Appeals /Ratifications: OAM will complete 25 claims,
terminations, appeals, and ratifications.
o FOIA Responses ; OAM will process 475 FOIA requests for contract
information.
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o Indirect Rate. Agreement Reports ; OAM will complete 200 agreement reports
on agreements with contractors or grantees on indirect cost rates to be
applied to their contracts/grants.
o Agency Acquisition Courses : OAM will offer or sponsor 200 acquisition
courses to provide skills to EPA employees on sound contract management
policies .
GRANTS. .K&MAGKMEHT
o Award 200 new Grants and ......... reduc.fi ...... eloaeout backlog: by 800 : Award 2,000 new
Assistant Agreements and Interagency Agreements and reduce backlog of
completed but not dosed out agreements by 800.
o Provide 6 Project Officer Training Course : Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible for monitoring and technical oversight of assistance
agreements .
o Perform two regional/resip,ij)Bt oversight visits ; Perform at least two
.regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of EPA assistance agreements.
o Accept 180 new suspeneion/debannent .- In the suspension/debarment arena:
accept 180 new cases; complete 27 compliance agreements; debar 100 EPA
offenders; closeout 80 cases; and perform 12 compliance audits.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
o Adminis fcra tive Re form ; Implement Human Resources Information System Front
End for EPA Personnel .
o Customer. Service ; improve service quality and responsiveness through
automated information access and client empowerment.
o Skills Assessment: Develop skills necessary to assess Agency skills needs
and regain balance in critical mission policy areas .
STEERING COMMITTEE
Locations! Data Improvement : Locational data for high priority EPA
facilities is available on-line with, a description of its method and
accuracy.
Electronic Data Interchange : An additional three Electronic Data
Interchange systems in production and the expansion of three systems .
One -Stop Reporting; Implementation of one -stop reporting to 1.5 additional
states .
Public AcceHS/Right-to-Know: Completion of the first full year of
operation of the Toll-free Agency-wide telephone service.
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1997
FACILITIES AMP HE&IiTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and .healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards,.
o Security . Implement enhanced security measures at EPA facilities across
the country. Security is provided at a level sufficient to ensure
employee safety on Agency property.
o Health and Safety Compliance . Health and Safety repairs will be addressed
as well as projects necessary to ensure compliance with environmental
statutes .
INFORMATION RESOURCES MAWAGKMENT
o . Electronic Forms ; Deploy to the desktop of 3000 Agency staff.
o Year, 2000; System inventory completed.
o Public Access : Open Information Resource Center to respond to request for
Agency data.
o Stewardship : Support Agency planning and the Information Technology
Management Reform Act.
CONTRACTS
o contract Awards : OAM will award and administer contracts totaling $400
million dollars.
o Administrative Close-Oute: OAM will close out a total of 200 contracts.
o Contractor Purchasing S_yjBj^e»JgQview8 (CPSRs) : OAM will complete 2 CPSRs
to ensure that contractor's purchasing systems are following federal
regulations set for in the FAR.
O linaoe|.al /Cog b= Jtepaj&g : OAM will complete 70 Financial /Cost Reports that
include audits of preaward and interim incurred costs on contractors with
Agency contracts as well as financial capability reviews of contractors
who want to do business with EPA.
o gro;yLlMrc!ha.Qe JQK&JS& '• °AM will award, administer, and process 8000 small
purchases .
o Claims /Terminations/Appeals/Ratifications: OAM will complete .25 claims,
terminations, appeals, and ratifications.
o FOIA Responses : OAM will process 475 FOIA requests for contract
information .
o InAigegt Rate Agreement. ...... Reports ; OAM will complete 200 agreement reports
on agreements with contractors or grantees on indirect cost rates to be
applied to their contracts/grants.
° Agency Acquisition Courses : OAM will offer or sponsor 200 acquisition
courses to provide skills to EPA employees on sound contract management
practices .
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GRANTS MANAGEMENT
o grcamilgate Performance Partnership Grant Regulation by 9/1997: Promulgate
Performance Partnership Grants/Part 35 Regulation, i.e., (simplifying and
streamlining grants) by 9/97,
o Award 2000 new Grants and reduce closeout backlog by 500: Award 2,000 new
Assistant Agreements and Interagency Agreements and reduce backlog of
completed but not closed out agreements by 500.
o BrQvi.de 6 Prelect Officer Twining Course: Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible for monitoring and technical oversight of assistance
agreements.
o Perform two regional/recipient oversight visit: Perform at least two
regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of 1PA assistance agreements.
o Accept 180 new suspension/debarment:eases; In the suspension/debarment
arena: accept 200 new cases; complete 25 compliance agreements; debar 100
EPA offenders; closeout 100 cases; and perform 10 compliance audits.
HTOMT RESOURCES MANASEMKNT
o Merit Promotions: Provide certificates of eligibility for all recruit
actions within agreed time frames.
o Internal Actions: Complete appropriate actions in the Agency Payroll and
Personnel system.. .
o Administrative Reform: Acquire windows-Based Human Resources Information
System for Agency Personnel Management .Information system.
EXECUTIVE STEBRIMg COMMITTBB
o Locational Data Improvement: Vocational data for high-priority EPA.
regulated facilities is obtained and available on-line through the EPA
data warehouse.
o Bleeteronic, patem Interchange; Expanded implementation of two Electronic
Data Interchange systems, three additional systems piloted, and one
additional system in production.
o One-StopReporting: Implementation of one~stop reporting in 10 states.
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SERVICES AND STEWARDSHIP L..- H^RTIOPftRTERS - EPM
19 9jJ_PSOSRAM EBQOEST
The Agency requests a total $64,668,500 and 846.7 total workyears in 1998
for the Management Services and Stewardship program component. This program
provides the management services and operations to enable the Agency to achieve
its environmental mission and to .meet its fiduciary and workforce
responsibilities. OARM's two important objectives are, first, to provide the
Agency high quality management services and products for our customers . The
second is to exercise enlightened stewardship and to assure that environmental
protection is carried out efficiently and cost effectively.
M&JOR ACTIVITIES
Mission, and Policy Management ($4,665,800 and 18.3 total workyears) - This
activity includes long-term strategy development, policy development, budget
development and execution, human resource coordination, resource monitoring, and
administrative management oversight for Agency-wide activities. The resources
also provide for coordination and consolidation of OARM's internal control
reporting, compliance with the Freedom of Information Act, Agency audit
recommendations, and for overseeing OARM information, management needs.
Facilities and Health. Services ($9,056,300 and 118.1 total workyears) -
This activity provides a wide range of Facilities Management and Safety, Health
and Environmental Management policies, procedures and services to SPA customers.
This includes real property acquisition and management; space utilization;
modification and preventive maintenance of existing space; project management of
major construction activities including the New Headquarters Project,
Consolidated Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, and the Environmental Science
Center at Fort Meade, Maryland? security and property management; printing
services; postage and mail management services,- transportation services; Agency
recycling; and health and safety and environmental compliance activities,
including medical monitoring, audits and training.
Cincinnati Field Operations ($3,561,200 and 52.4 total workyears} - This
area encompasses three major activities that are provided for Agency customers
at the Cincinnati facility: facilities management, information resources
management and human resources management. Facilities services include
preventive maintenance, space utilization, safety and security programs, supply
management, real property management and mail operations. Information Systems
and Service activities include system support for operations and maintenance,
customer support, training, library services, LAN support, and developing,
testing and implementing application enhancements to respond to changes in Agency
administrative policies and procedures. Human Resources Management activities
encompass recruitment, placement and staffing functions; position classifications
and position management; organization' analysis; planning and restructuring;
training and career development; labor -management and employee relations;
incentive awards; and personnel "record systems.
RTP Field Operations ($3,684,600 and 55.6 total worfcyears) - This area
encompasses three major activities that are provided for the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, the Megalabs, other laboratories, as well as
other Agency customers at the RTP facility: facilities management, information
resources management and human resources management. Facilities services include
preventive maintenance, space utilization, safety and security programs, supply
management, real property management and mail operations. Information Systems
and Service activities include system support for operations and maintenance,
customer support, training, library services, IAN support, and developing,
2-25
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testing and implementing application enhancements to respond to changes in Agency
administrative policies and procedures. Human Resources Management activities
encompass recruitment, placement and staffing functions; position classifications
and position management; organization analysis; planning and restructuring;
training and career development; labor-management and employee relations;
incentive awards; and personnel record systems.
Information Systems and Services ($10,433,500 and 183.5 total workyears} -
This .activity provides operations and maintenance support for national
administrative systems. Basic support of these systems includes: operating the
systems, providing customer support, training, library services, and developing,
testing and implementing application enhancements to respond to changes in Agency
administrative policies and procedures. This activity will support the Year 2000
analyses and systems modifications. This activity includes managing and
operating EPA's System Development Center (SDC) and Data Service Center (DSC);
developing, deploying and supporting Agency-wide administrative information
systems,- providing LAN support services to the central IRM organization. Chief
Information Officer, and EPA Administrator; and developing and administering
Agency information policies and planning processes, as a part of its stewardship
function. This activity also supports re-engineering of selected administrative
processes to deliver services more efficiently and effectively Agency-wide, and
the development of automated tools to support re-engineering initiatives of
program offices from across the entire Agency.
Grants Management ($5,953,300 and 64.6 total workyears) - This activity
supports the Agency's efforts to simplify and streamline assistance regulations;
provide policy and procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide
assistance programs; award and administer Headquarters grants, cooperative and
interagency agreements from "cradle to grave"; provide outreach to the Regions,
States, Tribal agencies and Federal assistance recipients,- provide the necessary
Agency support for Performance Partnership efforts; support EPA's strong
Suspension and Debarment efforts to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in Federal
assistance and procurement programs; and, to provide support to our customers and
stakeholders through the Grants Customer Relations Council.
Contract and Procurement ($14,629,400 and 194.1 total workyears} - This
activity supports the contracts and procurement functions for the contract award
and administration. Major activities include: processing timely procurement
actions; closing-out of existing contracts,- providing training for project and
contracting officers in accordance with the policy guidance of Office of Federal
Procurement Policy (OFPP) ; administering EPA property; evaluating contract cost
proposals; conducting essential financial monitoring reviews; processing contract
terminations and claims; providing technical reviews and policy guidance;
providing administrative oversight and management to the procurement operations
in Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park and Headquarters; and providing contract
and acquisition training in compliance with the Federal Acquisition Reform Act.
Human Resources Management ($12,684,400 and 160.1 total workyears} - This
activity provides Human Resources and Organizational Services to EPA customers.
This includes employee benefits information .and processing services; Human
Resources policy interpretation; streamlining, and simplification of human
resource directives and regulations; managing EPA's performance management
system; and career development programs. Also included are: workforce planning
and -analysis; labor management partnerships; human resources services for Agency
managers. In addition, management and organizational consulting is provided to
define problems and solutions, and to support new management initiatives crucial
to NPR, such as teams, streamlining and flattening organizations, and
productivity enhancing consultative relationships.
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EXPLANATION OP CHANGE: ^21.7 FTE +$605.IK
MAJORINVBSTMBHTS
Grants Management (+$750,000) - This investment addresses the findings from
a recent DIG audit and will improve the Agency's post award grant management
practices, including timely closeouts. The increase will also provide for State
and Tribal Grants Assistance in setting up procedures for the financial
responsibilities associated with Performance Partnership Grants.
Contracts Management {+$148,000) - This investment will be used to comply
with the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1996, sponsored by
Congressman Maloney, which establishes training requirements for contracting
officials. These resources are for Agency-wide training which includes the
Regions and laboratories.
MAJOR PISINVESTMBNTS
Administrative Reform Savings (-21.7 FTE) - The Administrative Reform
Initiative (ARI) is designed to reduce EPA's administrative costs by 20% over
three years while at the same time improving quality and customer service. We are
using a three-phase approach to achieve administrative savings that includes
streamlining our management processes and procedures, automating the Agency's
administrative systems and finally, consolidating like functions across the
Agency. FY 1998 is the second year of this initiative.
Working Capital Fund Transfer (-$292,900) - This disinvestment reflects the
transfer of salary costs for several Information Systems and Services' employees
to the Working Capital Fund.
19 97 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $64,063,400 and 868.4 total workyears the
Management Services and Stewardship program component. This program provides the
management services and operations to enable the Agency to achieve its
environmental mission and to meet its fiduciary and workforce responsibilities.
Major activities within this program component are:
Mission and Policy Management ($4,665,800 and 20.3 total workyears) - This
activity includes long-term strategy development, policy development, budget
development and execution, human resource coordination, resource monitoring, and
administrative management oversight for Agency-wide activities. The resources
also provide for coordination and consolidation of OARM's internal control
reporting, compliance with the Freedom of Information Act, Agency audit
recommendations, and for overseeing OARM information management needs.
Facilities and Health Services ($9,056,300 and 121.2 total workyears) -
These resources provide ongoing activities which include managing the major
construction projects at RTF, Fort Meade and New Headquarters. Mew Headquarters
efforts are directed toward the occupancy of the Ronald Reagan Building and
coordinating base building renovation in the Ariel Rios, Customs and ICC
Buildings. Advanced interior design space plans and drawings are being developed
and base building construction monitoring is continuing. The Agency is
continuing to develop and implement internal"safety, health and environmental
management policies and program models; provide technical assistance and training
to EPA field employees to ensure that EPA meets all statutory and regulatory
requirements. These resources are also providing operational support in the
areas of facilities and space management, facilities design and construction
management; repairs and improvements; real property acquisition and management;
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lease enforcement; transportation management; security; property; printing;
postage and mail management, and recycling.
Cincinnati Field Operations ($3,561,200 and 53.3 total workyears) - This
activity will provide management and resource control for the immediate offices
in Cincinnati as well as administrative support services; training, expertise,
and local telecommunications and LAN support to customers on information
resources management technology and human resources services including career
development, labor-management and employee relations.
RT3P Field Operations (§3,684,600 and 56.3 total workyears} - This area
encompasses three major activities that are provided for the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, the Megalabs, other laboratories, as well as
other Agency customers. This activity will provide management and resource
control for the immediate offices in RTP and Cincinnati as well as administrative
support services; training, expertise, and local telecommunications and LAN
support to customers on information resources management technology and human
resources services including career development, labor-management and employee
relations.
Information Systems and Services ($10,726,400 and 183.5 total workyears) -
Activities focus on the initial implementation of the Information Technology
Management Reform Act (ITMRA), as the Chief Information Officer provisions of the
law are implemented, and as an IT capital planning process is implemented in a
pilot mode. An assessment of the Agency's capabilities will be performed and
analyzed to identify strategic opportunities for improving the Agency's
information management program. Re-engineering activities will continue to
support the most critical components of the Administrative Reform Initiatives,
including Next Generation Forms and the National Correspondences Tracking
Information System. On-going operations and maintenance for important
administrative systems and, the program offices and Administrator'1 s LAN are
maintained and upgraded consistent with Agency architecture and LAN standards.
This activity will also provide support for the Year 2000 analyses.
Grants Management {$5,203,300 and 64.4 total workyear) - Major activities
within this program will be used to simplify and streamline assistance
regulations, policy and procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide
assistance programs; to award and administer Headquarters grants, cooperative and
interagency agreements; to provide outreach to the Regions, States, tribal
agencies, and Federal assistance recipients; provide the necessary Agency support
for Performance Partnership efforts; to support EPA's strong suspension and
debarment efforts to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in Federal assistance and
procurement programs; .and, to provide support to our customers and stakeholders
through Grants Customer Relations Council.
Contracts Management ($14,481,400 and 201.4 total workyears} - Major
activities within this program component are: award and manage EPA contracts;
close out existing contracts within required timeframes; and provide training for
project and contracting officers, in accordance with the QFPP policy guidance.
In addition, evaluate contractor cost" proposals, conduct essential financial
monitoring reviews, and process contract terminations and claims. We will also
provide administrative oversight and management to the three procurement
operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and RTP, NC.
Human Resources Management ($12,684,400 and 168.0 total workyears) - Human
resource activities include development of policies, procedures, program
development; management and oversight of, the Agency's Nationwide Senior
Environmental Employee grant program; implementation of the full range of human
resources customer services; training, special emphasis and employment programs,
organizational development, workplace planning, performance management, pay
administration, benefits and incentives administration, quality of life programs,
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NPR human resources initiatives, and quality assessment of human resources
practices and customer services initiatives.
ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE - HEADQUARTERS - EPM
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $195,349,300 in 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component. This program provides nationwide services to
maintain and enhance the Agency's facilities, information management,
telecommunications, and human resources infrastructure.
MAJORACTIVITIES
Facilities and Health. Services C$147,693,600) - These resources provide for
the Agency's national support costs, such as rent; direct leases; move and
related costs associated with space consolidation; property management; space
planning services; EPA's share of the 'payment to the General Printing Office for
typesetting Agency materials in the Code of Federal Regulations; printing- costs,-
national health and safety support; and national security support. Additionally,
at the headquarters locations, costs include, security guard service,
motorpool/shuttle buses, overtime utilities, office relocations, printing
equipment and supplies, facility operations services (i.e., housekeeping,
elevator maintenance, recycle contract, Building Services Desk, etc.), health
units and stress lab, and ADP support.
Human Resources Management ($5,936,600) - These resources support human
resource automation efforts, including Administrative Reform initiatives to build
a human resources management information system, provide direct employee access
to benefits information, and automate personnel management tools to assist
managers in classification and position description development. These funds
also support training and development opportunities for EPA employees and
managers, including supervisory and managerial development, career counseling and
assessment, core supervisory and managerial training, the EPA Institute, and
developmental activities such as the Greater Leadership Opportunities for women
and minorities. The program supports EPA contributions to the Workers
Compensation and Unemployment Compensation programs, National Check and Inquiry
security investigations, sign language interpreter services for EPA hearing
impaired employees, reimbursement of the Public 'Health Service for assistance to
and support of EPA programs, and special contributions to the Agency's retirement
fund.
Information Systems Support ($12,589,500) - These resources provide
essential infrastructure support to the Agency's national media programs and
strategic initiatives. The base dollars for this activity fund infrastructure
support activities that make EPA environmental information and information
products more available and accessible to the public and EPA's partners in
protecting the environment. Components of the Agency's infrastructure range from
developing and acquiring new data bases to activities such as establishing and
maintaining tools for accessing and analyzing environmental data. This program
also includes activities such as identifying and correcting Agency information
systems that fail to operate properly.
Contracts Management ($1,082,600) - These resources support the Agency's
Integrated Contracts Management System (ICMS) , which enables EPA to process and
award new contracts and purchase orders to the regions, labs, and program offices
in a more timely manner. In addition, these resources fund the Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) capabilities.
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Grants Management ($874,900) - This resources support the Agency's efforts
to implement the Integrated Grants Management System, a fully automated, PC-based
award management system which will allow all easy access to grants information
throughout the assistance agreement life cycle.
Research Triangle Park Field Operations ($15,789,600) - These resources
support the Agency's Office of Research and Development, Office of Air and
Radiation, and other Office of Administration and Resources Management customers
at RTF. Services include utilities, security services, maintenance and operation
of facilities, local telecommunications, information services, library and
associated literature searches, printing and miscellaneous administrative
services .
Cincinnati Field Operations ($9,938,700) - These resources provide
diversified infrastructure services to EPA employees housed in research
laboratories, offices and special purpose spaces at eight locations in
Cincinnati. These services include facilities management, information resource
management, and library services. Facilities management activities include
engineering, maintenance and repair for eight facilities, health and safety,
printing of all Agency research publications, photocopying, space management,
utilities, mail service, security, and property management; and information
resource management activities include the development and maintenance of ADP
Systems, the Information Center, LAN management, telecommunications, the National
Center for Environmental Publications and Information; and the Library, which
provides the largest research collection in the Agency, including on-line
computer searches, CD-ROM databases, literature searches, and subscriptions to
techni cal j ournal s .
Transit Subsidy ($1,443,800) - These resources support the EPM portion of
the Agency's transit subsidy program.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; ' j;, ..... |4,r,352 . Oj
MftjQR INVESTMENTS
Facilities and Health Services (•»• $7,087,000) - This investment covers rent
increases and wage rate increases for Agency support contracts which include
security, labor services, space planning and design., and general maintenance
contracts .
Human Resources Management (+ $944,500} - This investment provides
resources to continue the 1997 automation initiative of converting the Agency's
Official Personnel Piles (OPF) to an electronic format. The traditional method
of capturing OPP data is paper- intensive, costly, labor-intensive, and an
inefficient use of the Agency's space. Converting the Agency's OPFs to CD ROM
or electronic format would provide for faster, more efficient handling of the
data contained in these files, improve, the accuracy and speed of updating the
files, allow information to be updated "and transmitted more expeditiously, and
provide better office space utilization. Resources will also provide system
maintenance cost for the Automated Job Applicant Skills Assessment System which
provides an "expert" system to electronically receive, sort and process
applications allowing human resources staff to work more with customers on
defining staffing needs that best meet the needs of their organizations rather
than on processing applications. The system is the :necessary third piece of a
fully integrated automated Human Resources environment.
Field Operations (+ $2,588,000) - In 1998, the Agency will incur an
unanticipated rate increase of 24% for natural gas in our facilities in RTF.
Also, the Agency is expecting a significant increase in utility costs as ,EPA
begins to use the human studies chambers in the Agency labs in RTP, In addition,
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this investment provides for local telecommunications costs that were formerly
funded under the Agency's Working Capital Fund.
Cincinnati Field Operations (+ $625,000) - This investment covers utility
rate increases and wage rate increases set by the Department of Labor. These
wage increases are tied to our support contracts which include security,
laborers, space planning and design, and general maintenance contracts for other
facilities services. These funds are needed to continue the infrastructure
services we provide to Office of Research and Development and the Office of Air
and Radiation customers in our field offices.
MAJORPISINVESTMENTS
Human Resources (-$1,001,000) - The Agency will be able to disinvest
resources as start-up costs for three automation projects Employee Express,
ProClass Plus, and the Human Resource Information System (KRIS), will be incurred
during 1997 rather than 1998, leaving only system maintenance costs in 1998.
Information System and Services (-$800,400) - Savings in this area will be
achieved as the National Correspondence Tracking System being developed under the
Administrative Reform Initiative will replace the Office of Information and
Resources Management's (OIRM) local system and OIRM's LAN/WAN Initiative will
yield cost-savings that allow it to disinvest additional resources from the LAN
Support program component in 1998.
Facilities and Health Services (^ $2,771,900) - These resources were
transferred to the Regions to cover regional -office moves and regional IRM
activities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $190,997,300 for the Essential
•Infrastructure program component. This program provides nationwide services to
maintain and enhance the Agency's facilities, information management.
telecommunications, and human resources infrastructure. Major activities funded
in this program are:
Facilities and Health Services ($144,213,200) - These resources provide for
the Agency's national support costs, such as rent; direct leases,- move and
related costs associated with space consolidation; property management; -space
planning services; EPA's share of the payment to the General Printing Office for
typesetting Agency materials in the Code of Federal Regulations; printing costs;
national health and safety support; and national security support. Additionally,
at the headquarters locations, costs include, security guard service,
motorpo'bl/shuttle buses, overtime utilities, office relocations, printing
equipment and supplies, facility operations services (i.e., housekeeping,
elevator maintenance, recycling contract-, Building Services Desk, etc.), health
units and stress lab, and ADP support.
Human. Resources Management ($5,993,100) - These resources support EPA's
Human Resources Automation Initiatives and new automation activities for
Administrative Reform aimed at realizing across the board human resource savings
in 1998. These funds also support training and development opportunities for
EPA employees and managers, including supervisory and managerial development,
career counseling and assessment, core supervisory and managerial training, the
EPA Institute, and developmental activities such as the Greater Leadership
Opportunities for women and minorities. Also funded in this program is the
Agency's contribution to the Workers' Compensation and Unemployment Compensation
programs, National Check and Inquiry security investigations, reimbursement of
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the Public Health. Service for assistance to and support of EPA programs, and
special contributions to the Agency's retirement fund.
Information, Systems and Support ($13,389,900) - These resources provide
essential infrastructure support to the Agency's national media programs and
strategic initiatives. The base dollars for this activity fund infrastructure
support activities that make EPA environmental information and information
products more available and accessible to the public and EPA's partners in
protecting the environment.
Contracts Management ($1,354,400) - These resources support the Agency's
Integrated Contracts Management System (ICMS), enabling EPA to process and award
new contracts and purchase orders to the regions, labs, and program offices in
a more timely manner. In addition, these resources fund the Electronic Data
Interchange" (EDI) capabilities.
Grants Management ($2,087,600) - These resources support the Agency's
efforts to implement the Integrated Grants Management System, a fully automated,
PC-based award management system which will allow all easy access to grants
information throughout the assistance agreement life cycle.
Research Triangle Park Field Operations ($13,201,600) - These resources
support the Agency's Office of Research and Development, Office of Air and
Radiation, and other Office of Administration and Resources Management customers
at RTP. Services include utilities, security services, maintenance and operation
of facilities, local telecommunications, information services, library and
.associated literature searches, printing and miscellaneous administrative
services.
Cincinnati Field Operations ($9,313,700) - These resources provide
diversified infrastructure services to IPA employees housed in research
laboratories, offices and special purpose spaces at eight locations in
Cincinnati. These services include facilities management, information research
management, and library services.
Transit Subsidy ($1,443,800) - These resources support the EPM portion of
the Agency's transit subsidy program.
WORKIKg CAPITAL FPMP -HSAPQPARTSRS - EPM
1998 PROGRAM RKOTJEST
The Agency requests a total of $5,821,500 in 1998 for the Working Capital
Fund(WCF)-Headquarters program component. This is an internal fee for service
effort designed to help better identify true costs and to improve both the
efficiency and effectiveness of our management services.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Computer and telecommunications and postage - Under the WCF, the cost of
services provided by the Enterprise Technology Services Division for computer and
telecommunication services and by the Office of Administration for postage costs
will be charged back to the Agency offices which use those services. The
requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current centrally
administered computer and telecommunication services and postage services in
support of EPA programs.
EXgltMfATIOH OFJCHMasaSi. No Change
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,821,500 for the Working Capital Fund-
Headquarters program component. This internal fee for service effort is designed
to help better" identify true costs and to improve both the efficiency and
effectiveness of our management services. Under the WCF, the cost of services
provided by the Enterprise Technology Services Division for computer and
telecommunication services and by the Office of Administration for postage costs
will be charged back to the Agency offices which use those services. The
requested resources will -enable the Agency to maintain current centrally
administered computer and telecommunication services and postage services in
support of EPA programs.
MANAGEMENT.1 SERVICES AND STEWARDSHIP - REGIONS - SPM
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
.The Agency requests a total of $29,723,000 and 445.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Region in the Management Services and Stewardship program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Human Resource Management ($5,918,000 and 87.8 total workyears) - These
resources will allow Regional personnel offices to meet basic regulatory
requirements. These services include processing recruitment and classification
actions, processing personnel and payroll transactions, providing advisory
services and reorganization reviews, administering the grievance system,
negotiating with unions, managing the Performance Management and Recognition
System, and providing employee development and training.
Administrative Management ($14,941,900 and 212,4 total workyears) - These
resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative management services
that include maintaining administrative information systems, managing Local Area
Network (LAN) and interoperable Wide Area Network (WAN) operations, ensuring ADP
operations support for Regional programs, managing EPA desktop personal computer
equipment, ADP systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management.
In 1998, technical support for automated business processes and data integration
and sharing with the Agency's partners and customers will be a priority. In
addition, this program will ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel,
manage property and supplies, provide general office services, and provide
program management for all support services.
Contracts and Grants Management ($8,863,100 and 145.6 total workyears} -
These resources will be used to continue implementation of the Agency's Contract
Management Improvement Strategy. Superfund Regional Contracting Offices (RCQs)
award and administer removal and remedial contracts, responding to the site
clean-up requirements within their respective Region. RCOs work with Regional
remedial and removal project managers as a team to provide contract assistance,
emergency response or longer term remedial clean-up as needed. The grants
program awards, administers, and manages cooperative and interagency agreements
and grants for program activities in all media. Special emphasis will be placed
on accountability and ensuring that every assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements and tha't recipients have the financial,
procurement, and property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
In 1§98 the Agency will continue the transition to Performance Partnership
Grants. The Agency will provide additional assistance to_states and tribes in
establishing procedures for the financial responsibilities associated with the
grants.
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EPIiAHATION OF CHANGE: -11.1 FTE , +$949.5
MAJOR INVESTMENTS
Grants Management-Strengthening Fiscal Integrity of Grants ($645,500 and
10 total workyears) - This investment will enable regional staff to work directly
and pro-actively with tribes and non-traditional grant recipients. The number
of grants to these recipients has grown significantly over the last five years
and these recipients generally do not have the same level of administrative and
financial infrastructure to meet federal requirements.
Workforce Cost Adjustment (+$407,500) - This investment provides payroll
adjustments to the regional staff in the Management Services and Stewardship
program component.
MAJOR DISINVESTMENTS ••
Administrative Reform Savings (-$1,261,600 and -21.0 total workyears) - The
Administrative Reform Initiative (ARI) is designed to reduce EPA's administrative
costs by 20% over three years while at the same time improving quality and
customer service. We are using a three-phase approach to achieve administrative
savings that includes streamlining our management processes and procedures,
automating the Agency's administrative systems and finally, consolidating like
functions across the Agency. 1998 is the second year of this initiative.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency is allocating a total of $28,773,500 and 456.9 total workyears
for the regional Management Services and Stewardship program component. Major
activities within this program component are ?
Human Resource Management ($5,726,000 and 93.3 total workyears) - These
resources will allow Regional personnel offices to meet basic regulatory
requirements. These services include processing recruitment and classification
actions, processing personnel and payroll transactions, providing advisory
services and reorganization reviews, administering the grievance system,
negotiating with unions, managing the Performance Management and Recognition
System, and providing employee development and training.
Administrative Management ($14,472,400 and 223.3 total workyears) - These
resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative management services
that include maintaining administrative information systems, managing Local Area
Network (LAN) and interoperable Wide Area Network (WAN) operations, ensuring ADP
operations support for Regional programs, managing EPA desktop personal computer
equipment, ADP systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management.
Development of State data management plans to ensure efficient and reliable
methods of state/EPA data sharing will receive priority attention as well as
assisting the public to access environmental data systems. In addition, this
program will ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel, manage
property and supplies, provide general office services and provide program
management for all support services.
Contracts and Grants Management ($8,575,100 and 140.3 total workyears} -
The grants program awards, administers, and manages cooperative and interagency
agreements and grants for program activities in all media. Special emphasis will
be placed on accountability and ensuring that every assistance award complies
with regulatory and policy requirements and that recipients have the financial,
procurement, and property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
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ESSENTIAL IireRASTRUCTURE....- REGIONS - EPM
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $48,493,100 and 14.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Essential Infrastructure program component. These resources will provide
the ten Regional Offices with basic support services including printing and
copying, telecommunications, local area network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail
distribution, library operations, general training office and laboratory facility
supplies and maintenance, and technical support, as well as regional moves
necessitated by reorganizations and lease expirations.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -0.3 FTB +$2,771.9
Regional Moves ($1,500,000) - Large moves in Regions III and VII, coupled
with follow-on activity from past regional moves require a significant
investment. Most of the costs are related to telecommunications activity and
systems furniture required for efficient space utilization.
Building Regional IRM Capacity ($1,271,900) - This investment reflects the
Agency's direction to significantly increase the technical support needed at the
regional level as we automate internal and external business processes and extend
data integration and sharing in conjunction with our partners and customers
(states, tribes and local communities). This will support mission-based systems
to integrate state and regional data systems, improve environmental measurement
and reporting systems with states and tribes to provide environmental indicators
and accountability measures needed to successfully implement performance
partnership grants.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency requests a total of $45,721,200 and 14.3 total workyears in 1998
for the Essential Infrastructure program component. The major activity with this
program component is the regional support services. These resources will provide
the ten Regional Offices with basic support services including printing and
copying, telecommunications, local area network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail
distribution, library operations, general training, office and laboratory
facility supplies and maintenance, and technical support, as well as regional
moves necessitated by reorganizations and lease expirations.
WORKING,_CAPjCTAIi,JgUNP ..;- REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,951,800 in 1998 for the Working Capital
Fund-Regions program component.
MRJOR ACTIVITIES
Postage - Postage dollars will fund the regional portion of Agency postage
costs from U.S. Postal Services and other carriers.
Data processing and telecommunications - The request also provides for on-
going data processing and telecommunications services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost center; Enterprise "Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services, and Scientific
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Computing Services. Resources will provide the Program's share of depreciation
of capital assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity,
investments in network services, and investments in technical consulting This
request provides for postage and data processing services for the regions.
services .
OF CHANSE ; No Change
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1, $51,800 for the Working Capital Fund-
Regions program component. This request provides for postage and data processing
services previously funded under an Agency-wide support account 'in 1996. Postage
dollars will fund the regional portion of Agency postage costs from U.S. Postal
Services and other carriers .
The request also provides for on-going data processing and
telecommunications services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost center; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services.
Resources will provide the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets,
increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in network
services, and investments in technical consulting services.
EXECUTIVE STEERING COMMITTEE FOR IKFORM&TrQK RBSrOPSCES
PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $34,621,900 and 9.5 total workyears in 1998
for the Executive Steering Committee for Information Resources Management program
component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Reinvesting Environmental Regulations ($24,416,900 and 7.0 total workyears)
- The Reinventing Environmental Regulation Activity provides key support for the
President's Initiative to Reinvent Environmental Regulations and for the
reinvention of EPA internal management. Five projects are funded under this
activity -- Standard Facility Identifier, One Stop Reporting, Electronic Data
Collection, Enhanced Public Access, and the President's Kalamazoo Initiative on
Right- to-Know .
The Standard Facility Identifier Project, which seeks to establish a
standard identifier for all regulated entities, is critical for integrating
information across media to support multi-media approaches to environmental
protection. In 1998 the Standard Facility Identifier Project will provide for
full implementation of the Facility Identifier System and work with states and
EPA program offices to assist them in making necessary modifications to their
systems to accommodate a standard facility identifier.
The One-Stop Reporting Project will consolidate and streamline
environmental reporting by regulated entities, thereby reducing industry
reporting burdens, improving environmental information for performance
measurement and accountability, and improving public access to environmental
performance data. In 1998, the One-Stop Reporting Project will expand by 15 the
number of states implementing consolidated reporting, complete adoption of the
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data standards for EPA and states, begin converting EPA national data systems to
reflect One-Stop reporting reforms.
The Electronic Data Collection Project will provide streamlined exchange
of data between environmental agencies and regulated industries, thereby reducing
reporting burdens and improving data quality. In 1998, the project will expand
implementation of the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) system to all states for
the Discharge Monitoring Report, the Safe Drinking Water Lab Report and the
Hazardous Waste Manifest,- .and begin initial EDI production systems for the Metal
Finishers Report, Air Emissions Inventory Report, and Small Business Report.
The President's Kalamazoo Initiative on Right-to-Know and the Enhanced
Public Access Projects seek to provide the public and other environmental
stakeholders with easier access to the information they need to understand and
make decisions about the environment. The Kalamazoo Initiative Project will
provide the management structure and foundation that deliver access to the data
that communities and families need to make informed decisions about the unique
environmental health risks which they confront. In 1998, the project will
provide the first full year of operation for the toll-free Agency-wide telephone
service and improve information relevancy and security measures on the EPA Public
Access Internet Server.
Community-Based Environmental Protection ($7,430,000) - The Community-Based
Environmental Protection Activity provides key support for the Agency's efforts
to empower communities with information and tools to make decisions on behalf
of their local environments and public health. In 1998, three projects continue
to receive funding under this activity -- Locational Data Improvement, Spatial
Data for Communities, and the Environmental Results Project.
The Locational Data Improvement Project will continue the effort to provide
data of a known locational accuracy for regulated entities and other points of
environmental interest,
The Spatial Data for Communities Project provides key data sets to
environmental stakeholders. In 1998 data sets including Critical Habitats,
Endangered Species, Wetlands and RF3 Volume Estimates will be prepared for use
and distribution. In addition, this Project will continue efforts to provide
regional capacity to process and distribute regional-specific spatial data and
will provide regions with tools for analysis and risk" assessment.
The Environmental Results Project will improve the use of EPA's information
through development of an Environmental Information Acquisition Plan which will
identify information priorities and fund data acquisition and improvement. A
second component of this project is the development of the integrated
environmental planning, budgeting and accountability system which will make
better use of information to set priorities and improve the link between long-
term environmental planning and resource management.
Work Process Reinvention ($2,775,000} - The Work Process Reinvention
Activity provides key support for the reinvention of EPA internal management.
In 1998 three projects are funded under this activity -- Year 2000, Partnership
2000/Electronic Grants, and Business Case Analyses.
The Year 2000 Project ($2,000,000) provides the Agency-level support
required to ensure that mission critical systems will be able to accommodate the
year 2000 date change. In 1998 the project will provide information exchange
across Agency Programs and deliver year 2000 'policy, guidance, procedures, and
a testing and implementation plan.
The Partnership 2000/Electronic Grants Project will provide electronic
means for processing program specific grants and for communication between EPA
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headquarter, region, and state participants. In 1998 the project will provide
production software for the system and deployment to selected states.
The Business Case Analyses Project will develop sample analyses to support
the Agency's implementation o£ the Information Technology and Management Reform
Act.
BXPIA1JATIQK_QP CHANGB; +2.1 FTE S*5.OOP .OK
MAJOR INVESTMENTS
Reinventing Environmental Regulations(+5,000,000 and 2.1 total workyears) -
A major investment under the Reinventing Environmental Regulations activity is
provided to support the President's Kalamazoo Initiative on Right-to-Know. For
the national Right-to-Know network, this investment will provide the overall
leadership and coordination required for the information access and data
dissemination. The ESC will provide the framework for making right-to-know
information available to families as well as the larger network of communities.
Building on the success of the data warehouse structures from Envirofacts, the
ESC will provide the infrastructure and foundation that brings together the data,
information and applications from the Agency's program efforts that help families
in assessing and avoiding the unique environmental health risks to children from
products and chemicals. The ESC will provide a one-stop information access
framework to display critical data and information needed to encourage informed
consumer choices through improved information. Working with other Program
efforts, the ESC will develop applications to use, display and create products
with the data and information from EPA and other appropriate information sources.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $29,621,900 and 7.4 total workyears for
the Executive Steering Committee for Information Resources Management program
component. Major activities within this program component are:
Reinventing Environmental Regulations ($21,791,900 and 7.4 total workyears}
- In 1997 four projects are funded under this activity -- Standard Facility
Identifier, One Stop Reporting, Electronic Data Collection and Enhanced Public
Access.
The Standard Facility Identifier Project will establish an approach for
collecting data from regulated entities, clean up existing facility data
holdings, implement a preliminary Facility Identifier System, and continue
outreach to project stakeholders. A standard facility identifier is a key
foundation step for the One-Stop Reporting Project.
The One-Stop Reporting Project will establish a joint Federal and State
Policy for consistent facility identification across all EPA programs, begin
consolidated reporting in 10-15 States, and begin delivering improved public
access to environmental performance data.
The Electronic Data Collection Project will expand implementation of the
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Systems for the Discharge Monitoring Report and
the Safe Drinking Water Lab Report; implement EDI for the Hazardous Waste
Manifest; pilot EDI systems for the Metal Finishers Report and the Air Emissions
Inventory Report; and pilot test EDI for Small Business Submitters.
The Enhanced Public Access Project will implement a Agency-wide toll-free
telephone service, improve information linkages on the Internet and provide the
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public with integrated electronic access to Agency regulations and support
documents.
Community-Based Environmental Protection ($7,430,000) - In 1997 three
projects are funded under this activity -- Locational Data Improvement, Spatial
Data for Communities, and Environmental Results Data.
In 1997, the Locational Data Improvement Project will provide online access
to locational data with increased accuracy
The Spatial Data for Communities Project will provide regional data
services to increase spatial data holdings in the regional spatial data library
and will deploy to regions and states key tools for Community-Based Environmental
Protection activities.
The Environmental Results Project will develop an Environmental Information
Acquisition Plan which will identify information priorities and fund data
acquisition and improvement. A second component of this project is the
establishment of the requirements for the integrated environmental planning,
budgeting and accountability system which will make better use of information to
set priorities and improve the link between long-term environmental planning and
resource management.
Work Process Reinvention ($400,000) - In 1997 two projects are funded under
this activity -- Business Case Analyses and the Year 2000. The Business Case
Analyses Project, which is supporting the Agency's implementation of the
Information Technology and Management Reform Act of 1996 (ITMRA) , will complete
2 studies piloting business case analysis for information technology investment
decision making in the Agency. The Year 2000 project will identify industry's
best practices and develop .guidance for program offices on developing action
plans.
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
F298 PRESIDEHT'S BUDGET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS ADD MANAGEMENT
HEM SOMMMUt: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
L AIR & RADIATION
OZONE/CO/NOX
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
PM/VTSIBILITY/KEGIONAL HAZEALEAD
XOKM. DOLLARS
PTES
AIR TOXICS
TOTAL DOLLARS
PIES
PERMXlCS/BSD/HSII/eSX
TOSBI, DOLLARS
FEES
ACXD RMN/S02
TOTftL DOLLARS
BTES
STRATOSPHEHZC OZOUE
TOXKL DOXUVHS
FTBS
CL12IAXB CHAHBE
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
IMDOOR BUVIRONMBHTS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
RADIATIOH
'TOTfiL
FIBS
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS
FEES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MAKRGBMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS:
PIE
OP PLAN
59,311.3
576.8
12,076.8
84.0
40,353.7
230.7
9,923.2
120.5
12,849.8
91.1
16,308.9
30.8
47,417.0
97.3
18,850.1
103.1
18,757.5
103.5
0.0
0.0
235,848.3
1,437.8
FT 1997
PBBS . BUD .
62,316.1
5S2.6
11,261.5
83.8
49,794.1
261.8
10,075.2
124.1
15,016.8
99.7
24,151.3
26.6
82,014.2
119.8
20,839.1
112.5
18,418.7
114.5
13,321.4
0.0
307,208.4
1,525.4
FT 1997
ENACTED
63,183.4
577.9
13,215.9
92.0
46,264.4
251.7
10,264.9
127.2
12,261.2
94-7
16,218.2
26.6
49,342.6
120.5
18,716.9
122.1
16,402.3
105.5
10,038.2
0.0
255,908.0
1,518.2
FY 1998
BUD. RBg.
72,257.7
541.9
12,052.4
103.0
41,862.3
217.6
9,683.8
114.2
12,942.6 .
100.1
25,903.4
27.0
91,941.7
119.8
19,650.2
115.2
16, 346. a
102.3
10,038.2
0.0
312,679.1
1,441.1
98 - 97
9,074.3
-36.0
-1,163.5
11.0
-4,402.1
-34.1
-581.1
-13.0
681.4
5.4
9,685.2
0.4
42,599.1
-0.7
933.3
-6.9
-55.5
-3.2
0.0
0.0
56,771,1
-77.1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF AIR AMD RADI&TIOH OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $312,679,100 and 1,441.1 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of Air
and Radiation.
The overall goal of the air and radiation program is to protect human
health and the environment from airborne pollutants and radiation. Air pollution
continues to be a widespread problem in the United States, contributing to human
illnesses such as cancer, respiratory and reproductive problems, and mental
impairment. Air pollution also reduces visibility, corrodes buildings, and
damages natural resources and ecosystems through toxic accumulation and
acidification of soils and lakes. Through November 1996, more than 170 areas are
designated as nonattainment for one or more of the six common "criteria"
pollutants for which EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards
to protect human health and the environment.
The most difficult and widespread air quality problems result from two
pollutants, ozone (urban "smog") and particulate matter {e.g., dust and soot),
caused by emissions from industrial plants, other stationary sources, and motor
vehicles. Given the persistent problem with these pollutants, and new scientific
evidence on health and other effects, EPA proposed new, more stringent standards
for ozone and particulate matter in November 1996. EPA will take comments on the
proposed new standards through spring of 1997 and expects to make final decisions
on the need for new standards in June 1997. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, and lead also continue to cause environmental and public health
challenges, although most areas of the nation now meet the current health
standards set for these pollutants. In addition to the six criteria pollutants,
over one million tons of toxic air pollutants are released annually. These
pollutants individually and collectively threaten the environmental and economic
health of the nation.
To protect human health and the environment from airborne pollutants, EPA
uses four basic strategies: 1) promote improved human health, ecosystem
protection, and human welfare through reductions in global, national, regional,
local, and indoor air pollution; 2} encourage economic growth and environmental
improvement through development and integration of improved production and
pollution control and pollution prevention technologies and strategies; 3)
promote .greater -economic efficiency by reducing waste and improving productivity
of scarce material and energy resources; 4) foster improved public awareness,
participation, and responsibility for the protection of our natural resources,
including clean air, thriving ecosystems, and a healthy populace. (Air research
activities and mobile source and fuels programs implementing these strategies are
described under the Science and Technology Account.)
The majority of air programs aret authorized by the Clean Air Act, which
establishes a nationwide program to prevent and reduce air pollution through air
quality planning, regulation, compliance, enforcement, and research. EPA has
completed a large number of the actions that the Congress mandated in 1990, the
year the Act was last amended. However, much still remains to be done to ensure
adequate protection of public health and the environment. EPA must regularly
review and revise' standards that may not adequately protect human health (e.g.,
the recently proposed standards for ozone and particulate matter) , as well as
complete mandated studies and reports and issue additional rules and guidance.
EPA also is responsible for ensuring that the Act is effectively implemented and
enforced. In addressing the health and environmental effects caused by criteria
and toxic air pollutants, EPA has and will continue to use not only traditional
approaches for controlling air pollution, but also will strive to utilize the
power of the marketplace, encourage local initiatives and flexibility and
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emphasize pollution prevention. In addition, the Agency will continue to explore
ways to help ensure that sources subject to multiple Clean Air Act rules or
programs can comply without unnecessary burdens.
The Agency has established six program objectives for 1998 to help achieve
clean air environmental goals: 1) continue to review the adequacy of National
Ambient Air Quality Standards and to work with states to attain the standards;
2} reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants through setting federal standards
and developing an integrated urban air toxics strategy; 3) encourage the use of
market-based approaches (e.g., the highly successful, market-based acid rain
emissions trading system); 4) reduce energy consumption and prevent pollution
through voluntary, profitable measures; 5) implement domestic rules and United
States responsibilities under the Clean Air Act and the revised Montreal Protocol
for reducing stratospheric ozone depletion; and, 6) provide technical support to
state and tribal air programs. A description of the programs that support these
key objectives follows.
EPA has set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six common air
pollutants: ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and lead. EPA must review the these standards every five years and
revise them as necessary. The review process includes economic, risk, health
and benefits analyses. Over the past three and one-half years EPA has conducted
an extensive review of the science relating to the human health .and other effects
of ozone and particulate matter. As a result of this extensive scientific
review, EPA proposed new, more stringent standards in November 1995. EPA will
take comments on the proposed new standards through the spring of 1997, and EPA
expects to make final decisions on the need for new standards in June 1997.
EPA strives to reduce emissions of criteria air pollutants and precursors
in all areas of the country, as well as to maintain clean air in areas that meet
the national standards, through a system of national emission controls and state
and local clean air programs. EPA is now examining ways to implement the
proposed new ozone and particulate matter standards using a process involving
stakeholders from all sectors. If the standards are revised, states will be
responsible for expanding or upgrading their existing clean air plans to meet the
new standards. EPA must provide states with policy and guidance and technical
assistance for modeling and monitoring air quality and devising control
strategies.
To help reduce public exposure to air toxics, EPA must develop technology-
based standards for 189 hazardous air pollutants from 174 industries. Under the
requirements of the Clean Air Act, EPA must develop these Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT) standards on a phased schedule through the year 2000.
At that point, EPA will determine whether the residual public health risk
warrants additional regulation. EPA also is developing other air toxic rules for
combustion sources and developing and implementing strategies to reduce public
health risks in urban areas, as well as to reduce atmospheric deposition of toxic
compounds to the nation's water bodies, including the Great Lakes.
Title V of the Clean Air Act requires state operating permit program under
which a single permit contains all the applicable requirements for a major source
of air pollution (including both criteria and air toxic pollutants) . Major
industrial sources must file periodic reports identifying how they have complied
with the requirements. These sources pay fees to the states sufficient to cover
the cost of running the permit program. EPA provides guidance and assistance to
states for developing and implementing permit programs. If a state does not
submit an operating permit program for EPA approval, EPA is required under Part
71 of the Act to develop and implement a Federal operating permit program for
that state. Since July 1996 when the Part 71 rules became effective, 13
states/territories and 4 local areas were subject to the Federal program. As of
January 1997, Federal programs are operating in 4 states, "3 territories, and 1
local area. EPA is actively working with states to facilitate approval of their
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programs. When states complete approvable programs, the Federal program is
removed.
The Acid Rain Program is a highly successful, market-based incentive
program designed to reduce annual sulfur dioxide emissions by 10 million tons
from 1980 levels (a 40 percent reduction). Additionally, the program will reduce
nitrogen oxide emissions by at least 1.5 million tons. The Agency is achieving
the sulfur dioxide emission reductions through an innovative market-based program
that provides affected sources with flexibility in meeting required emission
reductions at least cost to both industry and government. The program features
tradeable units called allowances (1 allowance = 1 ton of sulfur dioxide),
accurate and verifiable measurement of emissions, and a cap on total emissions.
The program is seen as a model for regulatory reform efforts here and abroad.
To restore the stratospheric ozone layer, EPA focuses on four areas:
domestic and international phase-out of three ozone depleting chemicals:
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), haldns, and methyl chloroform; implementation of
limitations on two other ozone depleters, hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and methyl
bromide; more intensive recycling programs in the U.S. and abroad; and earlier
voluntary phase-out of CFCs and HCFCs in developing countries.
To stabilize greenhouse gases, EPA promotes voluntary, partnership programs
to prevent and reduce emissions of air pollution. By demonstrating the pollution
prevention benefits of energy efficiency, the program educates manufacturers,
designers, and consumers on the purchase, installation and use of energy
efficient products in a manner that benefits the environment while not imposing
net increased costs on participating organizations. The Climate Change Action
Plan also expands cooperative, non-regulatory programs to profitably capture and
use methane and emissions of other potent greenhouse gases by providing technical
support, removing institutional barriers such as property rights issues, fair
pricing from utilities, and recruiting partners for these voluntary programs.
EPA's primary strategy to reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants is to
use voluntary approaches and partnerships to educate audiences ranging from
consumers to building managers about indoor air problems and solutions. The
Agency develops guidance about ways to reduce the risk of indoor contaminants
such as radon, second-hand tobacco smoke, and emissions from building and
consumer products and works through partner organizations to create awareness and
change consumer and institutional behavior.
EPA's radiation program has four major objectives including: reducing
adverse health effects and environmental impacts from radiation exposure through
a program of standards and guidelines; assessing and quantifying existing and
emerging radiation problems and their potential impacts on public health and the
environment; responding to radiation issues of serious public concern; and
maintaining the capability to respond to radiological emergencies and to aid
development and testing of Federal, state, and local plans for emergency
response.
To accomplish these radiation Objectives, EPA assesses and regulates
sources of airborne radionuclides; evaluates and regulates radioactive waste
disposal; provides site assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental
samples; operates the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System,- develops
radiation clean-up and waste management standards; and responds to radiological
emergencies.
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OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
o 1 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) Proposed or
Promulgated »
o 13 National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(MISHAPS) Proposed or Promulagated.
Climate Chancre
o 5,300 entities participating in voluntary programs (cumulative).
o 60 Million tons of greenhouse gas emissions (CQ2 equivalent)
reduced/avoided (annually) .
S fcra tosoher i e Ozone Brotee.tien
o 6 Proposals .
o 5 Notices .
o 9 Promulgations .
o 280,625 Technicians Certified.
o 328,900 Tons of Class I Production Produced.
Acid Rain
o 1 Proposal.
o 2 Promulgations .
o 770 Continuous Emissions Monitors (GEMS) Certified.
o 500 CEMS Audited.
o 50 Permit Actions -Compliance Plans Approved, Revisions,
Activations .
o 8550 - Number of Quarterly Emissions Reports Processed by Emissions
Tracking System (ETS) by Unit.
o 1200 Allowance Transactions.
Radiation
o WIPP
- Complete review of DOE Application.
- Complete rulemaking Decision to Certify Whether the WIPP Will
Comply with 40 CFR 194 ' .
- Conduct audits and inspections at waste generator sites .
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o Yucca Mountain
- Complete final rule for Yucca Mountain Standard
- Coordinate standards with implementing Agency (NEC).
o Waste Management
- Propose Waste Management rules/guidance.
o Cleanup
- Publish MARSSIM.
- Complete Draft MARLAP for comment.
o Scrap Metal recycling
- Propose Scrap Metal Recycling rule.
o Emergency Response
- Conduct four Protective Action Guides (PAG) workshops for state
and local officials.
- Issue PAGs as formal Federal Guidance.
- Participate in full field exercises.
o Federal Guidance
- Begin update of Occupational Guidance.
- Finalize Federal Guidance #14: Risk Assessment.
iKlooir SnvizronniQiifcs
o An additional 1.5 million homes tested for radon (16 million total) .
o An additional 50,000 homes with high radon levels fixed (500,000
total).
o An additional 200,000 new homes built with radon resistant
construction features (1.2 million total).
o 140 new indoor environments Community-based Environmental Programs
implemented.
o 30 additional buildings characterized for indoor air quality and
occupant perception for the Building Assessment Survey and
Evaluation study, bringing measurement phase for 100 buildings to a
close.
o 10,000 "Tools for Schools" kits distributed.
o 3,500 schools implement guidance in "Tools for Schools™ kit.
o Publish guide for architects and builders on how to design and
construct large buildings for healthy indoor air.
o Publish guide for home buyers describing features of a new home that
contribute to healthy indoor air quality.
o Clearinghouses and hotlines respond to 60,000 inquiries per year and
distribute more than l million documents.
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997
o 4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Proposed or
Promulgated .
o 28 NESHAPS Proposed or Promulagated .
Cl imate Change
o 4,300 entities participating in voluntary programs (cumulative),
o 39 Million tons of greenhouse gas emissions (C02 -equivalent)
reduced/avoided (annually) •.
Stratospheric Ozone
o 9 Proposals.
o 4 Notices .
o 8 Promulgations .
o 245,950 Technicians Certified.
o 328,900 Tons of Class I Production Produced.
Acid Rajjl
o 2 Proposals .
o 2 Promulgations .
o 1600 GEMS Certified.
o 200 CEMS Audited.
o 175 Permit Actions-Compliance Plans Approved, Revisions,
Activations .
o 8100 - Number of Quarterly Emissions Reports Processed by Emissions
Tracking System (ETS) by Unit.
o 1100 Allowance Transactions.
Radiation
o WIPP
- Review DOE Application for completeness and content .
- Published AHPRM and NPRM for determination if DOE complies with
40 CFR 194.
- Conduct audits and inspections at waste generator sites.
o Yucca Mountain
- Proposed Regulation published. '
- Conduct hearings and public meetings ; prepare outreach
materials.
o Waste Management
- Assess use of alternative disposal options.
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o Cleanup
- Complete Draft MARSSIM for comment.
- Begin development of MARLAP.
o Scrap Metal recycling
- Conducted Stakeholder workshop.
O NESHAP
- Rescind Subpart I (NRC licensees - non power plant) and
streamlined regulatory process.
- Modify Subpart R (Phosphogypsum) for agricultural use.
- Rescind Subpart W (Operational uranium mill tailings piles).
o Emergency Response
- Conduct two Protective Action Guides (PAG) workshops for state
and local officials.
- Revise Drinking Water PAG.
- Participate in two full field exercises (Digit Pace; INEX 2).
o Federal Guidance
- Publish.: Federal Guidance for the General Public.
- Finalize Federal Guidance Report #13: Radiohuclide Specific Risk
Factors for Radiation Exposure.
Indoor Bnvj.iror|1|1n6nfcs
o An additional 1.5 million homes tested for radon (14.5 million
total),
o An additional 50,000 homes with high radon levels fixed (450,000
total),
o An additional 200,000 new homes built with, radon resistant
construction features (1 million total).
o 140 new indoor environments Community-based Environmental Programs
implemented.
o 30 additional buildings characterized for indoor air quality and
occupant perception for the Building Assessment Survey and
Evaluation study.
o 20,000 indoor air quality "Tools for Schools" kits distributed.
,o 1,500 schools implement "Tools for Schools" guidance.
o Publish "Occupant's Guide" for tenants and occupants of large
buildings who are concerned about improving indoor air quality.
o Clearinghouses and hotlines respond to 60,000 inquiries per year and
distribute more than l million documents.
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OZONE/CARBON MONOXIDE/NITROGEN OXIDES
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests $72,257,700 and 54.1.9 total workyears in 1998 for the
Ozone/Carbon Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides program component,
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQSs) for pollutants that endanger public health and the
environment. The program for ground-level ozone (smog), carbon monoxide (CO),
and nitrogen dioxide (N02) reduces these air pollutants in urban areas, through
stationary and mobile source controls and market-based strategies. EPA is
required to review the NAAQSs every five years and revise them as necessary. The
review process includes economic, risk, health, and benefits analyses. EPA
reviewed the ozone standard in 1996 and expects to decide the need for a revised
standard in 1997,
EPA develops strategies for implementation of potential revised NAAQSs
concurrent with their development. Under a new approach, EPA is developing an
implementation strategy for a potential revised ozone standard in conjunction
with strategies for particulate matter and regional haze. The Agency is
developing the strategies using a Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) process
that allows involvement of stakeholders from all sectors. The Agency will
continue to make use of the FACA process to address implementation issues from
the revised standard (7.7 FTE, $868,300).
After a NAAQS is set, states must develop state implementation plans (SIPs)
to reduce pollution and bring areas into compliance with the standard. EPA
develops and makes available to states and local agencies guidance on
demonstrating attainment of NAAQSs, monitoring source emissions, and monitoring
ambient air quality. EPA also develops and distributes guidelines for air
quality models and provides technical assistance in applying the models. In
addition, the Agency establishes air quality indicators of progress, analyzes air
pollution trends, and distributes information on progress in reaching air quality
goals (35.5 FTE, $3,178,050). EPA Regions assist state and local agencies in
developing SIPs, implementing control strategies, and monitoring attainment of
standards. Regions will assess whether areas are in compliance with the NAAQSs
and, where appropriate, redesignate them as quickly as possible (40.6 FTE,
$3,622,800) .
In 1998 EPA will continue to work with affected states to address the
persistent and widespread problem of ozone transport (9.6 FTE, $2,315,900) . The
Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) intends to integrate their work with the efforts
of the Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG). Modeling shows that the
emissions generated outside of the OTC's.Northeast region contribute to unhealthy
air within the region. As a result, the OTC supports regional control efforts
that cover a much'broader geographic area than just the Northeast. The OTAG is
carrying out a regional assessment process to address interstate transport of
ozone-forming pollutants in the eastern half of the US. The OTAG will assess the
impact of regional transport of ozone and ozone precursors and evaluate potential
control strategies. This will include developing elements of a large-scale,
market-based nitrogen oxides trading program, When OTAG completes its evaluation
in 1997, state environmental commissioners will recommend control strategies.
in 1998 EPA will work with affected states to develop SIPs incorporating agreed
upon control strategies.
This program also will develop regulatory strategies to leverage ozone
reductions from measures to reduce air toxics and meet particulate matter
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standards and vice-versa (1.5 FTE, $166,600). These resources, along with
resources in the air toxics arid particulate .matter program component, will be
used to help develop crosscutting strategies for industries that are. .being
regulated for both air toxics and criteria pollutant emissions .
In 1998 EPA will provide direct assistance to industry by developing and
refining emission factors and providing technical guidance on developing emission
inventories (7.6 FTE, $1,790,500). The demand for new and refined factors is
growing as sources prepare to comply with new operating permit requirements. EPA
Regions will provide technical support to state small business assistance
programs and facilitate training to state and local agencies on the technical
aspects of the nation's air pollution control programs (6.5 FTE, $448,500). This
and other training and outreaqh efforts, will use the Agency's satellite downlink
network to 12,000 to 15,000 professionals at more than 100 sites across the
country. In order to broaden the availability of EPA telecourses, the Agency
will promote cooperative activities with national satellite networks (5.5 PT1,
$447,400) .
EPA recognizes the need to further maintain and enhance its information
systems and increase use of cutting edge technology (e.g., the Internet) to make
information available to more people in ways that are more user- friendly and less
expensive (17.5 FTE, $3,084,750). EPA will continue ongoing efforts to re-
engineer and modernize its existing data systems such as the Aerometric
Information and Retrieval System (AIRS) and the Technology Transfer Network. To
encourage greater public access, these systems are being changed to make them
available through the Internet.
In 1998 the Agency will begin to build a National Right-to-Know Network to
make real-time air quality information available when families need it to make
decisions affecting their day-to-day activities and exposure to unhealthy air
(9,0, $3,710,900}. EPA will begin work with states to enhance air quality data
delivery systems for the 75 largest metropolitan areas. States will provide the
public with health-related information for day-to-day decision making using
resources such as Web pages , library access , and supermarket kiosks . As part of
this effort, EPA will collaborate with states to upgrade state and local
monitoring networks where necessary. The 1998 effort will focus on designing
pilot systems for initial metropolitan areas and purchasing equipment and
software .
Regional mobile source activities ($4,165,000; 60.4 FTE) include assisting
states and local areas in developing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and other
local transportation measures .
- 36 . Q FTB *S9 , 074 . ?K
appropriation Transfer (-50.5 FTE, -$5,840,800) - In 1998 EPA will transfer
resources from the Environmental Program Management appropriation to the Science
and Technology appropriation so that all mobile source ozone /CO and nitrogen
oxides programs, headquarters and field, will be included in the Science and
Technology appropriation.
Alternative Attainment Strategies (-11.0 FTE, +$367,300) - The Ozone
Transport Assessment Group will complete technical support for modeling, emission
inventories, and analysis in 1997 and provide recommendations to EPA. In 1998
EPA will re-direct resources providing support to OTAG to preparing guidance for
the imiltipollutant model , MODELS3 . Developing an integrated approach to the
proposed two new standards is essential and guidance will need to be prepared
quickly so that states and local agencies will be able to apply the models in
their areas,
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Emission Factors (FTE +4.2, +$316,400) - The Office of the Inspector
General has issued a report identifying emission factor development as a
vulnerable program because of successive years of resource reductions. EPA needs
additional funding to increase the quantity and the improve the quality of
emission factors. Although integrated test methods are still needed to support
source testing, EPA will re-direct resources in 199& to the emission factor
program to begin to try to correct the vulnerability identified by the Inspector
General. Emission factors also support the permits program and the open market
trading program, which will be in full implementation in 1998.
Revitalizing Communities Through Environmental Protection (FTE +4.0
+$10,275,900) - Continuing EPA's success in demonstrating that economic renewal
and environmental protection go hand in hand, the Agency will launch a new
initiative in 1997 that builds on current urban revitalization efforts while
helping cities meet future economic and environmental challenges. In 1998 EPA
will increase Sustainable Development Challenge Grants by $8,000,000 and
coordinate them with the Urban Livability initiative (+$2,000,000) to empower
state and local governments to pursue innovative approaches to local
environmental protection issues.
Community Right-to-Know (FTE +9.0, +$3,710,900) - In 1998 the Agency will
begin to build a National Right-to-Know Network to make real-time air quality
information available when families need it to make decisions affecting their
activities and exposure to unhealthy air. Work will begin with states to enhance
air quality data delivery systems and upgrade monitoring networks, where
necessary, for the 75 largest metropolitan areas. The 1998 effort will focus on
designing pilot systems for initial metropolitan areas and purchasing equipment
and software,
Tribal Programs (+3.0 FTE, +$302,300) - The Tribal Authority Rule, to be
promulgated in 1997, will authorize tribes to be treated as states for purposes
of developing air quality management programs. These programs may include
working with tribes on: development of emission inventories for tribal lands,-
updates of reservation boundaries through GPS surveys; implementation of air
monitoring networks to assess air quality problems; needs assessments to
determine the kinds of air programs to develop; and technical support for
developing specific air programs,
CO/NO2 Reviews (+3.0 FTE, +$483,100) - EPA is required to review the
NAAQSs every five years and revise them as necessary-
Increased Workforce Funding (+$752,100).
Regional Mobile Sources (+2.3 FTE, +$207,100) - Regions will require
additional resources to assist state and local agencies in designing and
developing strategies to comply with vehicle, engine and fuels programs.
Lake Tanoe Congressional Earmark (-$1,250,000) - The budget request does
not include funding for a Congressional earmark directed toward reducing air
pollution in the Lake Tahoe area.
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Study of Mobile Model Congressional
Earmark (-$250,000) - The budget does not include funding for a onetime
Congressional earmark directed toward a NAS study of EPA's mobile model.
1997,,,PRQgRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $63,183,400 and 577.9 total workyears for
the Ozone/Carbon/Nitrogen Oxides program component.
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In 1997 EPA will decide on the need to revise the current ozone NAAQS (7,4
FTE, §900,560). EPA also will give priority to clean air programs for meeting
current standards in areas with unhealthful levels of ozone or "smog." EPA is
issuing national guidelines and standards for major stationary sources that
contribute to ozone and nitrogen dioxide pollution. EPA also is carrying out
programs that will help meet HAAQSs for ozone by reducing pollution from vehicles
and fuels.
Under the Clean Air Act states must develop clean air plans to meet NAAQSs.
In 1997 EPA is providing states with national policy, guidance, and technical
assistance for developing plans and for determining whether program requirements
and milestones are being met (10.S FTE, $1,319,300) . EPA Regions are assisting
states, tribes, and local communities in implementing pollution control
strategies that provide multi-media benefits and co-control of both toxic and
criteria pollutants (lS.0 FTE, $955,500). The Regions also work extensively with
states and other stakeholders to resolve complex issues affecting attainment of
NAAQSs, including issues involving the long-range transport of ozone-forming
compounds (23.€ FTE, $1,503,320). Regions continue to assess whether areas have
come into compliance with NAAQSs and complete actions to redesignate them as
"attainment" as quickly as possible (15.5 FTE, $987,350).
In 1997 the Agency is working on identifying previously unquantified health
benefits (such as reduced chronic effects from ozone.) and unquantified secondary
benefits (such as ecosystem benefits and benefits from exported technologies and
job creation)-. Additionally, the Agency is providing an assessment of air
quality benefit approaches (6.2 FTE, $1,336,280). Finally, EPA is documenting
and communicating the results from analyses in technical and non-technical terms
so that they can be understood by the regulatory community, industry, and the
public.
Accurate air quality measurements are essential both in developing state
plans and evaluating their effectiveness. In 1997 EPA Regions are assisting
state and local agencies in improving air monitoring networks, refining quality
assurance programs, and strengthening programs for analyzing monitoring data
(27.4 FTE, $1,785,380). Regions also are continuing their multi-state and multi-
Regional efforts to coordinate the enhanced ozone monitoring network as well as
providing analytic support for multi-state organizations such as the OTC, the
QTAG, and the Lake Michigan Air Director's Consortium (12.1 FTE, $895,670) .
New partnerships are being fostered to enhance communications and to
increase local involvement including the establishment of a Western Air Training
Center. Initially, the members of this partnership will be the California
Polytechnic State University, the California Mr Resources Board (CARB), EPA, and
the Western States Air Resources Council (WESTAR), a consortium of 15 Western
States (5.0 FTE, $368,500).
Mobile source activities in this program component include compliance
activities for in-use vehicles and engines as well as the headquarters activities
of the program, including elements of its regulatory program. In addition,
support is provided in engine and vehicle recall testing programs, reinventing
the vehicle compliance program by focusing on in-use emissions and leveraging
manufacturer investments in vehicle durability, reengineering processes such as
certification, and assisting in the development of standards for vehicles and
engines. In 19S7 EPA will process federal requirements for proposed, final, and
interim Inspection/Maintenance Agency actions on SIP submittals made by states
under the National Highway Act and will provide regional support to states and
localities.
In 1997 the Agency will launch the Sustainable Development Challenge Grants
program ($3,985,000). This program will fund projects that leverage private
investment in environmental efforts as well as link environmental protection with
sustainable development and revitalization. Associated workyears are located in
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Regional Multimedia in 1997, but will be redirected to this program component in
1998.
PM/VISIBILITY/REGIONAL HAZE/LEAD
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests $12,052,400 and 103.0 total workyears in 1998 for the
PM/Visibility/Regional Haze/Lead program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component include reviewing and
revising National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), setting federal
standards for pollution sources most effectively regulated at the national level,
and providing states with guidelines, tools, and methods to help meet NAAQSs and
improve visibility.
As required by the Clean Air Act, EPA has set a NAAQS for particulate
matter (PM-10) to protect human health and the environment. States must develop
and carry out state implementation plans (SIPs) that include the measures
necessary to reduce PM-10 levels and bring areas into compliance with the NAAQS.
In 1997 EPA continued review of the latest scientific information to
determine if the PM-10 standard adequately protects public health .and the
environment and expects to make a decision regarding the need for a new standard.
EPA also is developing a program to address regional haze around pristine
national parks and wilderness areas and improve visibility for those areas (5.1
FTE, $829,370} . Concurrently, the Agency is using a new approach to develop the
implementation strategy for a potential revised particulate matter standard and
the regional haze program. The Agency is involving stakeholders from all sectors
in ..an open process carried out in accordance with provisions of the Federal
Advisory Committee Act (FACA) . The Agency will continue to make use of the FACA
process to address implementation issues from the revised standard (7.1 FTE,
$.1,241,670).
After a NAAQS is revised, states are responsible for upgrading their SIPs
to meet the new standard. If EPA revises the PM-10 standard, EPA will give
priority in 1998 to state and local clean air programs for areas with unhealthful
levels of small particles. EPA will continue to support programs to reduce
regional haze, particularly in nationally important areas such as the Grand
Canyon and the Southern Appalachian Mountains, and to provide funding for
measuring visibility in these and other pristine areas (1.0 FTE, $152,700, also
funded through the STAG account).
Overall, the program will continue to provide policy and guidance and
technical assistance for modeling and monitoring air quality and devising
strategies to include in the SIPs (7.6 FTE, $1,960,920). EPA also will establish
standards to control particles from a variety of mobile and stationary sources,
EPA will continue to develop national rules and control technique guidelines
(CTGs) for state and local agencies to use to control the emissions of
particulate matter (1.0 FTE, $577,700). The Agency also will develop regulatory
strategies that leverage resources by simultaneously reducing levels of
particulate matter, ozone, and air toxics.
In 1998 EPA will provide technical assistance, tools and guidance for
implementing the potential new particulate matter standard. Specifically, the
Agency develop and distribute guidelines for air quality models used by states
and others to determine needed emission reductions and provide technical
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assistance in applying the models. The Agency also will develop and distribute
guidance on air quality and source monitoring, establish air quality indicators
of progress, analyze air pollution trends, and distribute information on progress
in reaching air quality goals. EPA will develop, and make available to state and
local agencies, guidance on demonstrating attainment of NAAQS. In addition, EPA
will develop new methods for air quality monitoring and modeling, and provide
guidance and training materials to assist Regions and states in applying them,
EPA will provide direct assistance to 'industry 'by developing and refining
emission factors and providing technical guidance on developing emission
inventories (resources for this program are integrated with those in the ozone
program component) . The demand for new and refined factors is growing as sources
prepare to comply with new operating permit requirements.
Finally, EPA will continue its current lead strategy to better characterize
lead levels near remaining point sources, fully enforce existing emission limits
and, if necessary, require new control plans.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +11.JCLFTE -S1.163.5K
State Assistance (FTE +8.9, +$446,500) - If EPA revises the standard for
particulate matter, .states will need to modify and expand existing air monitoring
networks and begin to revise their state implementation plans (SIPs) to show
attainment with the new standard, incorporating new monitoring technologies.
Additional FTE have been moved from the operating permits assistance program to
assist the state and local agencies in designing and developing the fine
particulate networks and provide guidance to states in revising their SIPs.
Tribal Programs (+2.1 FTE, +$205,700) - The Tribal Authority Rule, to be
promulgated in 1997, will authorize tribes to be treated as states for purposes
of developing air quality management programs. These programs may include
working with tribes on: development of emission inventories for tribal lands;
updates of reservation boundaries through GPS surveys; implementation of air
monitoring networks to assess air quality problems; needs assessments to
determine the kinds of air programs to develop; and technical support for
developing specific air programs.
Increased Workforce Funding (+$684,300).
U.S. Mexico Border (-$2,500,000) - The budget request does not continue
funding for a Congressional earmark for the Southwest Center for Environmental
Research priorities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $13,215,900 and 92.0 total workyears for
the PM/Visibility/Regional Haze/Lead program component.
In 1997 EPA has proposed and will make a final decision on the new
particulate matter NAAQS (6.1 FTE, $798,840). EPA is also developing a program
to address regional haze around pristine national parks and wilderness areas (3.0
FTE, $568,200) . Concurrently, EPA is working on the implementation strategy for
a potential revised particulate matter standard and the regional haze program
using a FACA process involving stakeholders from all sectors (7.1 FTE,
$1,318,240).
In 1997 the Agency is determining previously unquantified health benefits
(such as reduced chronic lung damage from particulate matter) and unquantified
secondary benefits (such as ecosystem benefits and benefits from exported
technologies and job creation) . The Agency also is assessing the full range of
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human health and environmental benefits of implementing various control
strategies associated with a revised particulate matter standard in conjunction
with the regional haze visibility rule issued in 1997 (resources for this program
are integrated in the ozone program component) . Additionally, the Agency will
provide an assessment of air quality benefit approaches . The air quality
subsystem of AIRS is being reengineered to address, among other things, the data
issues associated with the proposed ozone and PM-fine NAAQS (4.6 FTE,
$1,552,240). Finally, EPA is documenting and communicating the results from
analyses so that they can be understood by the regulatory community, industry.'
and the public.
For the current standards and any revised standards, EPA is providing
policy and guidance and assistance (3.3 FTE, $245,530) . Regions are assisting1
state and local agencies in developing SIPs, implementing control strategies, and
monitoring attainment of the current PM-10 standard. Regions also are assessing
whether areas have come into compliance with NAAQSs and completing actions to
redesignate them as "attainment" as quickly as possible (28.7 FTE, $1,828,190).
Accurate air quality measurements are essential both in developing state
plans and evaluating their effectiveness. In 1997 EPA Regions are assisting
state and local agencies in improving air monitoring networks, refining quality
assurance programs, and strengthening programs for analyzing monitoring data
(14.6 FTE, $1,012,820). Regions are continuing their multi-state and multi-
regional efforts to coordinate monitoring networks as well as provide analytic
support for multi-state organizations. In addition, EPA is continuing to support
states in accurately inventorying pollutant emissions from mobile and stationary
sources. Complete, accurate, and comprehensive emission inventories are key to
the development of sound and enforceable state plans, effective regulations, and
meaningful measures of progress for achieving clean air. Such inventories also
are integral to the success of new market-based pollution control approaches.
Finally, EPA continues its current lead strategy to better characterizing
lead levels near remaining point sources, fully enforce existing emission limits
and, if necessary, require new control plans.
AIR TOXICS
199,8
The Agency requests a total of $41,862,300 and 217.6 total workyears in
1998 for the Air Toxics program component.
MACTQR ACTIVITIES
Major activities in this program component include: development and
implementation of Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards, an
integrated urban air toxics strategy, and the Great Waters program.
According to industry estimates, pollutant sources emitted more than 1.8
billion pounds of toxic pollution into the atmosphere in 1992 . These pollutants
may cause cancer, reproductive effects, birth defects, respiratory illnesses, and
other serious health problems. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to issue
technology-based standards to control hazardous air pollutants emitted by major
sources and small "area" sources.
During 1998 the Agency will continue work on Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) standards required within seven and ten years of enactment of
the last amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990 (68.6 FTE, $14,111,420). If EPA
does not issue the standards on time, the Act requires states to regulate air
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toxics sources on a facility-by-facility basis. To set MACT standards EPA must
gather information on toxics emissions, manufacturing processes, pollution
controls, and environmental and control costs. As part of the standards
development the Agency will examine process changes, substitution of feedstocks,
and other pollution prevention options. To complete these standards as
efficiently as possible, EPA forms partnerships among major stakeholders
(industry, states, and the public) to leverage their resources and expertise.
Through 1997, the Agency will have proposed 49 and promulgated 44 MACT standards.
In 1998 the Agency will propose six additional MACT standards and promulgate
eight of those proposed in 1997.
EPA also must develop other air toxic rules for combustion sources and
develop and implement air toxic strategies to reduce public health risk in urban
areas, as well as reduce atmospheric deposition of toxic compounds to the
nation's water bodies (15.2 FTE, $5,963,810). For these rules EPA performs
economic analyses and develops related strategies and develops risk assessments,
health assessments, and benefits analyses (13.5 FTE, $2,448,950), EPA also
develops specific strategies to address air toxics in urban areas and in the
"great waters" ecosystems and to address air toxics risk remaining after
application of MACT standards.
Risk assessments provide essential information to air toxics program
•managers as they evaluate and determine the most effective way to address health
or environmental threats. Under the Clean Air Act EPA must issue a report to
Congress that identifies the methods for calculating the health risk remaining
after application of MACT standards, describes the significance of that risk and
how it could be reduced, and recommends any needed legislation. In 1997, EPA
will issue a report to Congress that describes the methods for calculating the
health risk remaining after application of MACT and its significance, but that
did not contain control strategy recommendations. In 1998 EPA will develop the
tools needed to perform better quality, more sophisticated risk assessments (3-0
FTE, $483,100).
In 1998 EPA will issue a strategy for reducing the health risks posed by
urban-air toxic pollutants. Under the Clean Air Act EPA must develop a strategy
to control 90 percent of the emissions of the 30 or more air toxics from area
sources that pose the greatest health risk in urban areas. EPA intends to
develop a strategy that includes area sources, as well as mobile and other
sources that may contribute significantly to the overall urban problem. In
addition, EPA will identify air toxics control measures already in effect or
actions underway that assist in addressing the urban air toxics problem (13.5
FTE, $881,350). Many of the actions needed to meet the cancer and non-cancer
reduction goals in the urban program are underway. These measures include both
mobile and stationary source controls.
The Clean Air Act requires EPA to evaluate the deposition of hazardous air
pollutants to the Great Waters of the U.S. and summarize the findings in reports
to Congress. In addition, EPA must issue emission standards or control measures
as may be necessary and appropriate to prevent such effects. The first report,
issued in May 1994, raised significant1 concerns about the effect of toxics on
Great Waters ecosystems and human health. In 1997, EPA will report to Congress
for the second time, updating the state of the science provided in the first
report. In 1998 EPA will continue the process to make the determination of
whether the toxics provisions of the Clean Air Act are adequate to prevent
serious adverse effects to public health and serious or widespread adverse
environmental effects in the Great Waters (6.3 FTE, $1,424,710).
In 1998 EPA will develop and provide guidance to describe to the public,
and to state .and local agencies, the steps that are needed to comply with the 50
or so MACT standards that will be promulgated through 1997 (11.2, $1,038,990).
Much of the work will be to help build capacity at the state and local agencies
that are responsible for delivering to the public the large risk reductions
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possible from implementing the MACT standards. EPA Regions will provide
assistance to state and local agencies in reviewing and processing permit
applications for air toxics sources (15.0 FTE, $1,035,000). The Regions will
provide assistance to state and local agencies on the new federal rules being
issued and hold frequent and open dialogue with state and local managers to
resolve problems encountered (30 PTE, $2,070,000). Also, EPA will support the
implementation of section 112(1), which allows states to reduce emissions in ways
different than prescribed by federal rules, and section 112(g), which ensures
that controls will be applied to new and modified sources of hazardous air
pollutants, even before the seven-year and ten-year MACT standards are
promulgated (2.8 FTE, $392,560).
The Agency will continue to operate the centers such as the Small Business
Technical Assistance (SETA) program in coordination with the existing technical
assistance centers and information transfer activities (2.0 PTE, $154,540).
These information transfer activities provide critical information to
stakeholders on control measures that may reduce the cost of implementing air
toxic standards. The Reasonably Available Control Technology/Best Available
•Control Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (RACT/BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse
will continue to assist states and local air pollution control agencies in their
implementation of programs to control air toxics and other regulated pollutants.
The Agency will provide limited support to the National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse (NATICH) and Air Risk Information Support Center (AIRISC) HOTLINE
which respond to approximately 360 phone calls and 360 e-mails per year from
state and local agencies, industry, and private citizens requesting information
on air toxic risks and controls.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -34.1 FTE -S4.402.1K
Appropriation Transfer (-38.0 FTE, -$4,677,900) - In 1998 all mobile source
air toxics resources will shift from the Environmental Program Management
appropriation into the Science and Technology appropriation. This change will
provide better and more efficient management of the program and the resources
allocated to it.
MACT Standards (-6.8 FTE, -$1,860,000) - The Agency is required by the
1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act to promulgate MACT standards for all 174
source categories by the year 2000. The 2, 4, and 7 year source categories will
be mostly completed by 1998. However, rules covering the remaining 87 source
categories will still need to be completed by 2000. By 1998 EPA will have
completed much of the data gathering and analyses for the rules covering these
source categories. The data gathering and analysis stage is one of the costliest
in the regulation development process. In addition, the Agency has been looking
at innovative ways to combine and/or delist source categories, which means that
fewer than 87 actual rules may actually be needed. The completion of the data
gathering 'and analysis stage, and the possible savings achieved by promulgating
fewer standards, allows for some disinvestment from this program.
Great Waters Program (-$180,000) - With the completion of the second Great
Waters report, these funds have been reprogrammed to the residual risk and risk
assessment program.
Residual Risk Standards and Risk Assessment (FTE +2.1, +$871,700) - In
1998, EPA will begin evaluation of the industries covered by the MACT standards
for the purposes determining if there is any significant residual risk remaining
after implementation of the MACT standards. •
Mercury and Other Emissions from the Utility Sector (+.6 FTE, +$750,000)
The Clean Air Act requires EPA to perform a study of the public health hazards
posed by emissions from utilities. EPA also must issue" a study of mercury
emissions from utilities. In performing both studies and developing draft
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documents, EPA has gained significant knowledge of utility emissions and their
health and environmental effects. In 1998 EPA will perform a multi-pathway
analysis of mercury and further characterize utility emissions of arsenic and
other pollutants to gather knowledge to effectively address the risk posed by
utility emissions.
Consolidated Air Rule for Other Industries (FTE -.5, -$500,000} - EPA will
have completed the consolidated air rule for the chemical industry.
Consolidated Mr Rule for Other Industries (FTE +1,0, +$477,000) - The
Agency will extend the consolidated rule approach whereby multiple rules for an
industry will be consolidated into one set of emission limitations and
monitoring, record-keeping, and reporting requirements. The Agency is
considering the petroleum refining industry for potential consolidation of rules.
This increase provides environmental benefit by providing industry
better-organized, simpler and, in some cases, revised provisions to reduce
requirements on industry so that they may be able to achieve compliance in less
time, with less cost, and with greater ease.
State Assistance {FTE +7.1, +$549,500) - The Agency's air toxics program
is continuing to promulgate technology standards for regulating emissions from
specific industrial and commercial source categories, as required by Title III
of the Clean Air Act. However, there is a need for more assistance to enable
states to accept delegation of air toxics programs. Additionally, there is
little understanding of the actual risks of hazardous air pollutants in urbanized
areas where emissions are from both stationary and mobile sources and may have
the potential to place large populations including minority and economically
disadvantaged populations at risk. The increase provides air toxics program
support to states and local agencies to build stronger air toxics capabilities.
These resources will also support monitoring and modeling studies (contained
within the STAG appropriation) within a select number of urban areas to better
understand, define, and quantify the risks to urban populations providing
valuable information and data to develop strategies for identifying and reducing
the residual risks within these areas.
Increased Workforce Funding (+$166,700).
1997 gROSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $45,264,400 and 251.7 total workyears for
the Air Toxics program component.
During 1997 the Agency continues work on Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (TO.CT) standards required within seven and ten years of enactment. To
develop these standards as efficiently as possible, EPA has formed partnerships
among major stakeholders (industry, states, and the public) to leverage their
resources and expertise. Through 1996, the Agency will have proposed 39 and
promulgated 25 MACT standards. In 1997 the Agency will propose 10 additional
MACT standards and promulgate 19 of those proposed in 1996 (71.7 FTE,
$15,225,480).
In 1997 EPA also will issue a Residual Risk Report to Congress that will
describe the methods for calculating the health risk remaining after application
of MACT 'and its significance but will not contain control strategy
recommendations. In addition, EPA continues work on its urban air toxics
strategy to reduce the health risks posed by urban air toxic pollutants {3.5 FTE,
$910,400) , EPA will publish an interim final study of the public health hazards
posed by emissions from utilities. EPA continues to evaluate the deposition of
hazardous air pollutants to the Great Waters of the U.S. In 1997 EPA will report
to Congress for the second time updating the state of the science provided in the
first report (6.3 FTE, $1,618,720).
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EPA Regions will provide assistance to state and local agencies in
establishing and expanding their air toxics 'program capabilities (25 FTE,
$1,592,500) and in reviewing and processing permit applications for air toxics
sources (15 FTE, $955,500). The Agency provides information and training to
state and local agencies on the new federal rules being issued and holds frequent
and open dialogue with state and local managers to resolve problems encountered.
Also, EPA supports the implementation of section 112(1), which allows states to
reduce emissions in ways different than prescribed by federal rules, and section
112(g) , which ensures that controls will be applied to new and modified sources
of hazardous air pollutants, even before the seven-year and ten-year MACT
standards are promulgated (2.8 FTE, $383,320).
EPA .also works with industry and state and local regulatory agencies to
develop new, more flexible approaches to regulation through the common sense
initiatives, project XL and other reinvention activities (7.5 FTE, $2,283,000),
The Agency's mobile source programs will evaluate health research data
submitted by fuel and fuel additive manufacturers, and will continue work for the
fuel and fuel additives program by reviewing Tier I and Tier II submittals for
emission speciation studies and compiling summaries of existing information. The
Agency will also be completing work on alternative Tier II requirements which
will direct the testing requirements of oxygenated fuels and MMT additives for
gasoline. Technical and policy assistance will be provided to states on Reid
Vapor Pressure and winter oxygenated programs. EPA will continue work with
implementation of the Reformulated Gasoline Phase II (RFGII), including the
development, funding and award of contracts for fleet performance and fuel
economy testing, test fuel refining and delivery, and development and
distribution of education and outreach materials.
TITLE V PBRMITS/PSD/NSR
19 9 8 PRQgR&M RBQPEST
The Agency requests a total of $9,683,800 and 114.2 total workyears in 1998
for the Title V/Permits/PSD/NSR program.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component bridge activities in the
program components for "criteria" pollutants and air toxics. (Criteria
pollutants include those covered by National Ambient Air Quality Standards.) The
activities include: the new source review (NSR) program, the Title V operating
permits program, the 'prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) program, and
the Common Sense Initiative (CSI).
In 1998 EPA will implement its air permitting programs by providing greater
flexibility and clearer guidance to industries and states while maintaining the
current level of environmental protection. This will include completing a major
"re-invention" of the new source review program (2.0 FTE, $255,400). The new
source review program requires that new plants in an area install controls at
least as effective as the best used by an existing source, and frequently,
requires more stringent controls than existing ones. The re-invention of the
program will enable sources needing new jnajor construction permits to acquire
them easily, quickly, and cost effectively.
In addition, the Agency will define situations where new construction
permits are no longer needed. EPA will issue guidance 'on additional, less
burdensome approaches that sources can use to establish that they are not "major"
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sources, thus eliminating the need for acquiring operating permits altogether
(2.0 FTE, $190,000). In addition, EPA will be providing guidance to states as
they revise their operating permit programs to comply with changes being made to
the operating 'permit rule (2.8 FTE, $247,560). EPA will continue to work with
interested industry representatives to identify flexible permit options that
would enable industry to more easily make process changes at their facilities
(4.5 FTE, $454,650) .
Regions will provide assistance to state and local agencies in modifying
their permit programs to incorporate revisions that allow greater flexibility in
the permit program. Agency assistance to the 56 state and territory programs and
60 local programs will be key to the success of Title V programs (50 FTE,
$3,450,000). During 1998, these agencies will be issuing permits to the major
sources in their jurisdictions.
EPA Regions and states will continue the prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) program, which prevents air quality from deteriorating in
areas where the air is as clean as or cleaner than levels set by national
standards (23.1 FTE, $1,934,500). The PSD system specifies maximum allowable
pollution increases for the area. Once the allowable increase is consumed, new
industrial growth can be permitted only if offsetting emissions reductions occur
at existing facilities .
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE : . -?.3 . 0 F.TE
Permits {-24.0 FTE, -$1,632,000) - By 1998 regional offices should have
completed the final approvals for most state and local Title V permitting
programs. Most of the activities to help the state and local agencies develop
the infrastructure for implementing effective Title V programs should be well
underway with decreasing needs for guidance and support from EPA as states move
through the initial three-year cycle of permitting sources . In addition, the
emergence of performance partnerships and other empowerment efforts with the
states focusing the measurement of success on overall performance measures and
substantially less on case-by-case review will reduce the need for the originally
contemplated activities for the Title V program as part of a traditional
assistance function. The proposed disinvestment should have no negative
.environmental or health impacts unless the EPA has to divert resources to address
litigation related to the permits program. The Agency will target sufficient
resources to the program to ensure effective implementation of essential Title
V provisions .
CSI (+11.0 FTE, +$836,200) - The change includes 11.0 FTE to establish a
permanent CSI staff with Agency- wide responsibilities. Prior to 1998, these FTE
were detailed on an ad-hoc basis to this program from various offices within EPA.
Increased Workforce Funding (+$214,700).
1997 PROGRAM ;
The Agency's budget is a total of $10,264,900 and 127.2 total workyears for
the Title V/Permits/PSD/NSR program component .
In 1997 EPA continues to simplify the implementation of its air permitting
programs by providing greater flexibility and clearer guidance to industries and
states (4.7 FTE, $474,680) . This includes a major re-invention of the new source
review program. During 1997 state and local agencies must receive applications
and issue permits to one-third of the major sources in their jurisdictions. EPA
continues to work with industry representatives to identify flexible permit
options that will enable industry to more easily make process changes at their
facilities. Regions provide assistance to state and local agencies in modifying
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their permit programs to incorporate revisions that allow greater flexibility
(74.0 FTE, $4,713,800).
ACID RAIN/SO,
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $12,942,600 and 100.1 total workyears in
1998 for the Acid Rain/Sulfur Dioxide program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIBS
This program component is comprised of two categories of major activities,
program implementation and rulemakings. In 1998 EPA requests $11,220,300 and
80.6 workyears for implementation of the acid rain program which includes:
allowance and emissions tracking, monitor certifications and recertifications
($805,500 and 5.0 workyears), permit approvals and revisions, data system
maintenance and operations, and oversight of -- and assistance to -- states and
sources. In 1998 EPA requests $705,500 and 5,0 workyears for rulemaking
activities including: allowance allocations, permitting and monitoring
streamlining, and revisions in response to litigation.
Acid deposition and its precursors adversely affect human health; damage
lakes, forests, and man-made structures; and reduce visibility. Under the clean
air 'sub-goal of controlling acid rain, EPA seeks to reduce sulfur deposition by
a range of 25 to 40 percent in the eastern U.S. by the year 2005.
To achieve its environmental goal, EPA has begun to reduce sulfur dioxide
(SOZ) emissions by 10 million tons from 1980 levels and nitrogen oxides (Np )
emissions by two million tons from 1980 levels. The Agency is achieving the SC>2
emission reductions through an innovative market-based emission allowance program
that provides affected sources with flexibility in meeting required emission
reductions. Successful implementation of the allowance trading system minimizes
compliance costs, maximizes economic efficiency, and allows for growth. The acid
rain program is seen as a model for regulatory reform efforts both here and
abroad.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE..!. +5.4FTE *g681.4K
For 1998 the Agency requests an increase of $414,620 and 5.4 total
workyears to support efforts to help comprehensively address NOx issues in the
Northeast as well as an increase of $181,780 to cover increased core workforce
costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $12,261,200 and 94.7 total workyears for
the Acid Rain/SO2 program component.
This program component is comprised of two categories of activities,
program implementation and rulemakings. In 1997 EPA will devote $9,717,800 and
68.9 workyears for implementation of the acid rain program and $759,000 and 6.0
workyears for rulemaking activities.
During 1997, the Acid Rain Program, which has the primary implementation
responsibility for Title IV of the Clean Air Act, will continue to implement its
market-based approach for reducing S02 and NC^ emissions from electric utility
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power plants. When fully implemented, this program will achieve 40 percent of
the emissions reductions required under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
using about one percent of Federal, state, and local air program personnel. The
program offers a common sense approach to environmental protection through
regulatory reinvention, and increased public access to program information,
lowered administrative burdens and increased program efficiency through
investments in information resource management. Most importantly, the Acid Rain
Program will result in significant and measurable health and environmental
benefits. Specific activities in 1997 include;
allowance and emissions tracking;
monitor certifications and recertifications;
permit approvals and revisions;
data system improvements and operations;
program audit/evaluation and international obligations
(Canada);
assistance to states, local and regional air quality
authorities, and sources.
The Acid Rain Program relies upon the use of continuous emissions monitor
data to measure progress. In 1997 the program will operate its continuous
emissions monitor certification program with resources of $682,500 and 5.0
workyears. Additionally, the program plans to continue to rely upon data on
acidic deposition, visibility, fine particles, and aquatic (water chemistry)
effects to assess the impact of the program.
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $25,903,400 and 27.0 total workyears in
1998 for the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion program component.
MAJOR.. ACTIVITIES
The long-range goal of EPA's Stratospheric Protection Program is to return
stratospheric ozone concentrations to levels found prior to the discovery of the
"ozone hole" over Antarctica in the late 1970s. The depletion of stratospheric
ozone is a global problem being addressed by the collective action of countries
that signed the Montreal Protocol. This international treaty, with the United
States playing a leadership role, is expected to return stratospheric ozone
concentrations to normal levels by 2045 to 2050. Under EPA's Reducing Global
Environmental Risks goal, the Agency has the sub-goal of stopping the decline in
ozone concentrations in the stratosphere by 2005, and allowing the recovery to
levels found in the 1970s.
Restoration of the stratospheric ozone layer will reduce the incidence of
skin cancers, now considered by the American Academy of Dermatology to be in
epidemic proportions in the U.S. population- Restoring the ozone layer will also
help prevent cataracts, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and reduce immune
suppression. Atmospheric measurements confirm the value of the Montreal Protocol
process. A report released by the United Nations Environment Program in
September 1994 found that the rate of build-up in the atmosphere of human-made
compounds, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hajons, that deplete the ozone layer
has slowed in recent years. More recent work by the National Center for
Atmospheric Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also
shows that measured concentrations of these compounds in the stratosphere are
declining.
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Major activities within this program component are the domestic and
international phase-out of three ozone depleting chemicals: CFCs, halons, and
methyl chloroform; implementation of limitations on two other ozone depleters,
hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and methyl bromide-; more intensive recycling programs
in the U.S. and abroad; and earlier voluntary phase-out of CFCs and HCFCs from
developing countries,
In 1998 EPA will continue to work with the Department of Agriculture and
key agricultural and commodity groups on field and laboratory studies to evaluate
alternatives to methyl bromide. This chemical could account for as much as one-
sixth of the depletion of the ozone layer by the turn of the century unless
efforts are successful in restricting its use. Methyl bromide is widely used as
a futnigant for crops and is required by the Department of Agriculture as a
quarantine fumigant for most agricultural goods entering the U.S. The program
requests $768,300 and 4.4 workyears for this activity.
EPA also will work to reduce reliance on continued production for essential
uses, in areas where work with outside medical organizations like the American
Lung Association is crucial. For example, Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) are used
by an estimated 16 million U.S. asthmatics * Because MDIs now rely on ozone
depleting compounds as a propellant fo.r the therapeutic agent, research is
actively underway among pharmaceutical manufacturers to find alternatives to the
use of CFCs as propellants, .and to find alternative delivery mechanisms for these
crucial therapeutic agents. In 1996 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
approved the first inhaler based on an alternative propellant. However,
significant use remains, and a critical challenge will be to assure their
ultimate phase-out through a careful process of qualifying alternatives through
the Food and Drug Administration, and through well-crafted doctor/patient
education and outreach programs. The request for this activity is $281,000 and
1.0 workyear.
The United States has signed the Montreal Protocol onSubstancesthat
Deplete the. Ozone Layer (.the Prqtpqoll . Since the inception of the Protocol in
1987, EPA has played a leadership role in all aspects of this agreement. The
Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund 'has provided financial assistance to
developing countries to help pay for meeting the incremental costs of shifting
away from ozone-depleting chemicals.
In 1998 EPA will continue to support the Montreal Protocol Multilateral
Fund -- a total 1998 request of $21,000,000. The Fund supports developing
country efforts to phase out the use of ozone-depleting substances by paying the
incremental cost of worthy projects that reduce the use of these substances. To
date, the fund has financed over 1,517 activities in 101 developing countries.
When fully implemented, these activities will annually prevent over 30,000 tons
of ozone-depleting substance emissions.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +0.4 FTE +S9.685.2K
EPA will increase its investment in the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund
over the FY 1997 enacted budget by $9,000,000. This investment will reduce the
U.S. arrearage on past dues to the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund (estimated
at $26 million), and help the U.S. meet its 1998 funding commitment.
This program component will also invest $381,100 and 1.0 workyear to
undertake an outreach initiative using the uv Index, a joint public health
information tool developed by EPA and the National Weather Service, aimed at
helping children understand and implement sun protective behaviors and thus
reduce their lifetime risk of developing skin cancer. Included in the dollar
change is an increase of $304,200 reflecting increased workforce costs.
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $16,218,200 and 26.6 total workyears for
the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion program component. Major activities within
this program component are as follows.
Title VI of the Clean Air Act requires regulation of ozone depleting
compounds. To implement Title VI, the Stratospheric Protection Program develops
and implements rules for production phase-out, recycling, labeling, product bans,
and review and approval of alternatives. For 1997, the Stratospheric Protection
Program will maintain key activities related to ozone protection,
First, the Program will continue to work toward the phase-out of all ozone
depleting chemicals, including hydrofluorocarbons or HCFCs and methyl bromide.
The Parties to the Montreal Protocol have recently identified these chemicals for
control. The program will support the Multilateral Fund with $12,000,000 in
1997. Domestically, the U.S. will continue to limit these chemicals, using such
tools as labeling or bans to discourage and eliminate their use. The Program
will maintain administrative procedures to monitor the production, export, and
import of these chemicals, and will focus resources on limiting the extent of
illegal import of these chemicals. In addition, the Stratospheric Protection
Program will devote $1,677,300 and 1.0 workyear to oversee the production of
ozone-depleting chemicals for essential uses, working to find alternatives to
these and other applications, yet recognizing the importance of these limited
essential use applications.
Second, the program will to work with key agricultural and commodity groups
on field and laboratory studies to evaluate alternatives to methyl bromide. This
chemical could account for as much as one-sixth of the depletion of the ozone
layer by the turn of the century unless efforts are successful in restricting its
use. Methyl bromide is widely used as a fumigant for crops and is required by
the Department of Agriculture as a quarantine fumigant for most agricultural
goods entering the U.S. The program will devote $917,900 and 5.0 workyears for
this activity.
Third, the Program will continue to emphasize pollution prevention. The
National Emission Reduction Program requires recycling of ozone depleting
chemicals, primarily in the air-conditioning and refrigeration sectors. In
addition, HFCs will also be recycled due to their global warming potential, as
required under the Clean Air Act, The Significant New .Alternatives Program (SNAP)
will oversee developing alternatives, reviewing the health and environmental
effects of alternatives including their global warming potential, The SNAP
program will increasingly review substitutes and alternatives for the HCFCs and
methyl bromide.
1997 will be a, crucial year for outreach efforts. Inventories of
previously produced ozone-depleting refrigerants and other chemicals will not be
adequate to entirely meet demand. This will force some sectors of the economy,
especially the potentially large car air-conditioning sector, to convert
equipment to accept alternatives. An 'active outreach campaign to communicate
clearly with consumers in this and other sectors is crucial to explain the phase-
out of these chemicals. The program has allocated $368,300 and 2.S workyears to
this effort.
Finally, even if all the Montreal Protocol controls domestically and
internationally are implemented as planned, damage to the ozone layer will not
disappear until the middle of the next century,. This means that the public will
face continued exposure to higher-than-historical levels of ultra-violet {UV)
radiation for some time to come. To reduce risks associated with this exposure,
the Program will continue to emphasize public education about sun protection,
including the UV Index. The Program believes that the - UV Index serves to
emphasize to the public the dangers of sun exposure, and its link to ozone
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depletion, and thus will reduce skin cancer over time by influencing sun exposure
patterns in the population.
CLIMATE CHANGE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $91,941,700 and 119.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Climate Change program component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
The U.S. approach toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions has many facets
and involves EPA and other Federal agencies such as the Department of Energy
(DOE), the Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Department of Transportation
(DOT). EPA's responsibilities under the Administration's climate change plan
include facilitating voluntary programs for encouraging energy-efficient (and
financially attractive) technologies, promoting profitable opportunities for
reducing methane emissions, and designing environmental stewardship programs to
encourage lower emissions of HFCs and PFCs.
Under the climate change plan, EPA is responsible for delivering nearly
half of the President's commitment for the U.S. to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions to 1990 levels by 2000, as well as for making major contributions to
preventing conventional and toxic air pollutants. Under the Agency's Reducing
Global Environmental Risks goal, energy efficient technologies will reduce energy
consumption and prevent pollution while delivering better products to the
marketplace and increasing the competitiveness of U.S. businesses. In addition
to preventing the emission of air pollutants, saving energy through energy-
efficient products also reduces environmental damage caused by the mining and
transportation of fuels (e.g., strip mine damage, acid mine damage, natural gas
leakage, etc.) and the disposal of utility wastes (e.g., boiler ash, scrubber
waste, and spent nuclear fuel).
In enhancing free market operations for energy efficiency, the Agency will
continue in 1998 to prevent pollution through voluntary public-private
partnerships rather than regulations. Efforts will include: (1) increasing the
level of energy-efficient lighting, where profitable, through continued
recruiting and implementation of the Green Lights Program; (2) continued
recruiting and implementation of the Energy Star Buildings Program to encourage
the profitable use of energy efficient heating, ventilation, air conditioning and
transformers; (3) promoting Energy Star commercial and residential technologies,
including fax machines, copiers, heating and cooling equipment, lighting
fixtures, etc.; (4) developing additional residential and commercial Energy Star
products in conjunction with DOE; (5) continued implementation of initiatives to
reduce methane emissions cost-effectively; and (6) continued efforts to reduCS
emissions of HPCs and PFCs where feasible. The 1998 program request for these
activities is: Green Lights, $51,611,800 and 56.9 workyears; Consumer Labeling,
$21,059,800 and 18.0 workyears; Methane Programs, $10,289,800 and 27.0 workyears;
HFC/PFC Programs, $7,043,300 and 3.0 workyears; and. Regional Implementation,
$1,937,000 and 14.9 workyears.
EPA will measure success through expanding partnerships and evaluating the
impacts (energy savings of partner efforts). • EPA also will evaluate proposed
protocols from other countries on U.S. economic growth, jobs, and key industrial
sectors.
In 1998 EPA will continue to seek partners who want to work toward
preventing pollution, including conventional and hazardous air pollutants and
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greenhouse gases , by increasing the productivity of energy systems . Although the
Agency will provide strong assistance to partners to help them decide how to
accomplish their goals, EPA will not dictate solutions nor subsidize investments.
The EPA Regions will play a significant role in marketing the Green Lights and
Energy Star programs and in securing partnerships .
EXPIiMJATIOg OF CHMIgB; -0 .7 WTS *S42,599.1K
The 1998 request reflects EPA's commitment to implementing the President's
Climate Change Action Plan at the level intended by the plan and the President.
EPA will be better able to fulfill its 1998 commitment to these voluntary
programs and will allocate the increased funding as follows : Green Lights » an
increase of $29,953,100 and 4.3 workyears; Consumer Labeling, an increase of
$5,673,500 and a decrease of 1.0 workyear; Methane Programs, an increase of
$1,962,400; HFC/PFC Programs an increase of $4,129,500 and a. decrease of 4,0
workyears; and Regional .Implementation, an increase of $880,600.
1.9.9.7 gROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $49,342,600 and 120.5 total workyears for
the Climate Change program component. Major activities within this program
component are as follows .
In 1997 the program continues to expand its public /private partnership
programs that produce pollution prevention at a profit and reduce the risk of
further climate change. EPA is demonstrating that substantial pollution
prevention can be achieved through the profitable investment in available energy
efficient technologies throughout many energy use sectors, EPA continues to
reevaluate barriers in the market place and develops key informational and other
materials to overcome these barriers. EPA has not and will not provide grants,
rebates, or any sort of subsidy to install energy efficient devices.
EPA provides unbiased information to key decision makers that leads to
private sector investment in energy efficient and other climate friendly
technologies. The program continues implementation and refinement of the
following voluntary and outreach efforts -- which represent nearly half of the
emissions reductions which the US has committed to reduce by the year 2000.
In 1997 EPA will devote the following resources to the major programs
outlined below; Green Lights, $21,658,700 and 52.6 workyears; Consumer Labeling,
$15,386,300 and 19.0 workyears; Methane Programs, $8,327,400 and 27.0 workyears;
HFC/PFC Programs $2,913,800 and 7,0 workyears; and, Regional Implementation,
$1,056,400 and 14,9 workyears.
IWDOOR KNVTROMMEMTS
1998
The Agency requests a total of $19,650,200 and 115.2 total workyears in
1998 for the Indoor Environments program component.
MAJOR AgTIVITIBS
Poor indoor environmental air quality, including high radon levels, still
ranks among the top five environmental risks to public health according to
comparative risk studies. In 1998 EPA will continue to use voluntary approaches
to improve the quality of indoor environments by: improving and refining the
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science on which recommended actions for exposure reduction are based; raising
public awareness of potential indoor health risks and recommending steps that can
be taken to reduce exposure; and, using partnerships and technology transfer to
improve the ways in which all buildings, including schools, homes, workplaces,
and commercial spaces, are designed, operated, and maintained to bring about
healthier environments indoors.
In working towards the accomplishment of the goal of Safe Homes, Schools,
and Workplaces, the Agency has established several measurable milestones and
strategic targets for the year 2005, including: decreasing the number of
Americans exposed to elevated radon levels in homes; decreasing the proportion
of children who are regularly exposed to tobacco smoke in the home; increasing
the number of schools and public buildings implementing state-of-the-art
operation and maintenance guidance for good indoor air quality developed by EPA;
and, working to bring about voluntary agreements by industries to reduce
emissions from their products that adversely affect indoor air quality and public
health.
In 1998 the Indoor Environments program will implement the outreach,
technical assistance, and financial assistance to states authorized by the Indoor
Radon Abatement Act (Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), Title III), and the
information development and dissemination activities authorized by the Superfund
;Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title IV, the Radon Gas and Indoor Air
Quality Research Act.
The program requests $8,956,000 and 59.0 total workyears to support a broad
range of community-based risk reduction activities. Key constituencies include
county and local environmental health officials, susceptible minority and
disadvantaged populations, schools, and real estate and building professionals.
The cornerstone of the program's voluntary efforts to educate the public is a
network of cooperative partnerships with organizations that speak to and for
these constituencies such as the Consumer Federation of America, the National
Council for Negro Women, and the National Parent and Teachers Association.
By supporting this network, EPA will be able to leverage the expertise and
credibility of these organizations, as well as mobilize hundreds of
community-based affiliates at the state and local level. This network
facilitates EPA's efforts to promote local and state new construction codes that
prevent radon inside homes and the voluntary adoption of radon resistant
construction techniques by homebuilders; educate parents about the risks to
children of second-hand tobacco smoke; reduce the disparity in actions to improve
indoor air quality in minority and low income populations; encourage people to
test their homes for radon, and fix those with high radon levels; stimulate
states to pass laws requiring radon disclosure during real estate transfers; and,
help schools to improve indoor air quality by following EPA guidance.
Regional Indoor Environment staff will continue to focus on improving
indoor environmental quality in schools in their Regions, by actively working
with state officials and other governmental and non-governmental organizations
at the local and community level to expand indoor pollutant reduction activities.
The program requests $4,233,000 and 29.0 total workyears to continue
providing essential information services to the public and to professional and
research communities about radon .and other indoor air-related risks and steps to
reduce them. Services are provided through several linked hotlines and
clearinghouse operations, all of which respond directly to requests by answering
questions and/or providing literature. From help lines, to specific assistance
services in Spanish, and technical support to schools seeking to implement EPA's
guidance, these basic information services to the public and to our risk
reduction network provide the support necessary for continuing to achieve our
bottom line results such as home radon tests completed, home mitigations
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accomplished, and increased implementation of the Indoor Air Quality "Tools for
Schools" kit.
Regional offices will continue to work directly with the public, other
governmental agencies, and non-government organizations to provide information
and assistance. In 1998 the Regions will make an increased effort to target
homebuilders and buyers, real estate professionals, including agents and home
inspectors, health professionals, environmental and public health officials,
facility owners and managers, and providers of services delivered indoors to
children and other sensitive populations with public awareness campaigns, indoor
environments literature, dissemination of guidance documents, training courses,
and other relevant outreach efforts. Activity by Regional offices, the
cooperative partner network, the annual public service announcement campaigns,
media attention to indoor air problems, and referrals by independent sources,
will continue to stimulate thousands of calls each year to our hotlines and
clearinghouses, and to generate mailing several million indoor air and radon
publications annually,
the program requests $2,895,000 and ll.O total workyears to improve the
knowledge base of the extent of poor indoor air quality in buildings, and the
causal factors. In 1998 EPA will complete the measurement of 100 randomly
selected buildings in the Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation project, a
multi-year .study designed to characterize the status of indoor air quality in the
nation's building stock and the factors affecting the indoor environment. The
1998 activities will include data analysis for buildings measured in prior years,
hypothesis development, and some preliminary conclusions about which design,
construction, operation, and maintenance approaches are relevant to improved
indoor environmental quality. Additional technical efforts will include the
refinement of indicators to allow the EPA to quantify progress towards its goal
of safe homes, schools, and workplaces. The Agency will continue to work on
several intervention studies designed to determine the impact of implementing
EPA's guidance, and on analyzing the costs of improving air quality inside
commercial buildings.
Fees - in 1998 EPA will collect user fees under the Radon Measurement
Proficiency (RMP) program and the Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) program.
These programs will continue to evaluate the capability of individuals offering
radon measurement and mitigation services and to make the information available
to the states and public. The Agency estimates that fees collected for these
programs will total approximately $736,195.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: - 6.9 FTE + S933.3K
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 require the Agency to
sponsor radon health risk and benefit assessments by the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) and establish both national primary drinking water regulations for
radon and corresponding guidelines for state multi-media radon in indoor air
programs. The Office of Air and Radiation is the Agency lead office on
radiation, including radon, health effects for all exposure pathways including
water and air. The resources of $222,100 and 1.0 total workyear will support the
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water as it works with NAS on radon health
risk and benefit assessments and develops national primary drinking water
regulations on radon. EPA will develop guidelines for multi-media radon in
indoor air programs that states may implement in association with meeting less
protective.radon in drinking water regulations.
An additional activity in 1998, in support of the President's call for the
communities' right-to-know, will be the development of a public service
advertising campaign to educate consumers on the safe use of products designed
for indoor use and on how to reduce exposure to pollutants from household and
personal care products. EPA, in conjunction with other concerned Federal
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agencies, non-government organizations, and product manufacturers will design a
"Read and Heed the Label" campaign to ensure that consumers understand label
precautions, particularly those that pertain to proper application and proper
ventilation. New resources of $913,000 and 2.5 total workyears will support this
activity.
In 1998, we request that 9.5 workyears and the associated workforce costs
of $783,110 be transferred from the Environmental Program Management
appropriation to the S&T ..appropriation to accurately reflect our activities.
Increased workforce costs are $581,310.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $18,716,900 and 122.1 total workyears
for the Indoor Environments program component.
In 1997 EPA will use voluntary approaches to improve the quality of indoor
environments by: improving and refining the science on which recommended actions
for exposure reduction are based; raising public awareness of potential indoor
health risks and recommending steps that can be taken to reduce exposure; and,
using partnerships and technology transfer to improve the ways in which all
buildings, including schools, homes, workplaces, and commercial spaces, are
designed, operated, and maintained to bring about healthier environments indoors.
Under the Safe Homes, Schools, and Workplaces goal, EPA will seek to ensure
that all people will live, work, and learn in safe and healthy environments. To
accomplish this goal, the Agency has established several measurable milestones
and strategic targets for the year 2005, including: decreasing the number of
Americans exposed to elevated radon levels in homes; decreasing the proportion
of children who are regularly exposed to tobacco smoke in the home; substantially
increasing the number of schools and public buildings implementing
state-of-the-art operation and maintenance guidance for good indoor air quality
developed by EPA; and working to bring about voluntary agreements by industries
to reduce emissions from their products that adversely affect indoor air quality
and public health.
In 1997 the Indoor Environments program will continue to implement the
outreach, technical assistance, and financial assistance to states authorized by
the Indoor Radon Abatement Act (TSCA, Title III) , and the information development
and dissemination activities authorized by SARA Title IV, the Radon Gas and
Indoor Air Quality Research Act.
The program budget is $9,122,000 and 61.0 total workyears to support a
broad range of community-based risk reduction activities. EPA's risk reduction
activities use a network of cooperative partnerships with a wide variety of
organizations that have activities or constituents related to indoor environment
issues. EPA uses this network to leverage the personnel, expertise, and
credibility of these organizations, as well as mobilize hundreds of
community-based affiliates at the state and local level to: promote local and
state new construction codes that prevent radon inside homes and the voluntary
adoption of radon resistant construction techniques by homebuilders; advise
parents to stop .exposing their children to second-hand smoke; reduce the
disparity in actions to improve indoor air quality by minority and low income
populations; encourage people to test their homes for radon, and fix those with
high radon levels; stimulate states to pass1' laws requiring radon disclosure
during real estate transfers; help schools to improve indoor air quality by
following EPA guidance.
Regional Indoor Environment staff will continue to "focus on improving
indoor environmental quality in schools in their Regions, actively work with
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state officials and with, other governmental and non-governmental organizations
at the local and community level to expand radon reduction activities to
encompass other indoor pollutants, and to provide leadership.
In 1997 the program will use $4,233,000 and 29.0 total workyears to provide
information services to the public and to professional and research communities
about radon and other indoor air- related risks and steps to reduce them. EPA
provides these services through several linked hotlines and clearinghouse
operations that respond to requests. These basic information services to the
public and to our risk reduction network provide the support necessary for
continuing to achieve our bottom line results such as home radon tests completed,
home mitigations accomplished, and increased implementation of the Indoor Air
Quality "Tools for Schools" kit.
Regional offices will continue to work directly with the public, other
governmental agencies, and non -government organizations to provide information
and assistance. In 1997 the Regions will make an increased effort to target
homebuilders and buyers, real estate professionals, including agents and home
inspectors, health professionals, environmental and public health officials,
facility owners and managers, and providers of services delivered indoors to
children and other sensitive populations with public awareness campaigns, indoor
environments literature, guidance documents dissemination, training courses, and
other relevant outreach efforts. Activity by Regional offices, the cooperative
partner network, the annual public se.rvice announcement campaigns, media
attention to indoor air problems, and referrals by independent sources, will
continue to stimulate thousands of calls each year to our hotlines and
clearinghouses .
In 1997, using $3,351,500 and 16.5 total workyears, EPA will measure an
additional 30 randomly selected buildings in the Building Assessment Survey and
Evaluation project, a multi-year study designed to characterize the status of
indoor air quality in the nation's building stock and the factors affecting
indoor air quality. In particular, 1997 activities will include data analysis for
buildings measured in prior years. Additional technical efforts will include the
refinement of indicators to allow the Indoor Environments program to quantify
progress towards its goal of safe homes, schools, and workplaces. In support of
goals to improve schools and large buildings environments, EPA will continue
several intervention studies designed to determine the impact of implementing
IPA's guidance, and on analyzing the economics of improving air quality inside
commercial buildings .
Fees - In 1997 EPA will collect user fees under the Radon Measurement
Proficiency (RMP) program and the Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) program.
These programs will continue to evaluate the capability of individuals offering
radon measurement and mitigation services and to make the information available
to the states and public. The Agency estimates that fees collected for these
programs will total approximately $626,550.
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $16,346,800 and 102.3 total workyears in
1998 for the Radiation program component.
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In 1998 EPA will continue the development of clean-up criteria and guidance
for sites contaminated with radiation, and for management of the resulting waste,
that will provide clear and consistent ground rules for clean-up and waste
disposal. EPA will foster the development of new technologies and strategies for
monitoring, site modeling, evaluating risk, and remediating sites. These efforts
support Agency environmental goals of Safe Waste Management, and' Clean-up .of
Contaminated Sites.
The program request for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant program is
$5,388,200 and 26.3 total workyears. Under the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and
Land Withdrawal Act of 1992, EPA has certification and oversight responsibilities
for Department of Energy (DOE) waste disposal activities at the Waste Isolation
Pilot Plant (WIPP) . If the Agency grants certification to the WIPP in 1997,
during 1998 EPA will continue to conduct audits and inspections of the WIPP site
and DOE's radioactive waste generator sites to assess implementation of
procedures as waste generator sites come on-line and prepare to transport waste
to the WIPP,
The program request for Yucca Mountain is $670,400 and 2.0 total workyears.
Under the Energy Policy Act of 1992, EPA must set separate standards for disposal
of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the proposed repository
at Yucca Mountain. The Agency plans to promulgate that standard in 1998. Once
the standard is promulgated, EPA will provide the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) with guidance on interpreting the provisions of EPA's Yucca Mountain
standard. The Yucca Mountain standard, along with the WIPP responsibilities/
implements the EPA's environmental goal to ensure safe waste management
protective of public health for high-level and transuranic radioactive waste.
The program request for the continuation of clean-up of radioactively
contaminated Federal facilities is $2,095,000 and 7.0 total 'workyears. There are
approximately 250 Federally owned sites in the U.S. that are contaminated with
radioactive materials. These sites include nuclear material production plants,
bombing and gunnery ranges contaminated with depleted uranium, and laboratories.
The radioactive contamination at these sites ranges from small, slightly
contaminated laboratory rooms to very large, highly contaminated facilities. A
significant challenge in cleaning up such sites is the high cost of managing
radioactive waste, due in part to the limited number of disposal facilities for
low-level radioactive waste.
The program request for federal facilities is $1,892,500 and 10.5 total
workyears. EPA will continue to provide coordination, oversight, and technical
support to ensure that radioactively contaminated Federal facilities are cleaned
up and waste disposed consistent with EPA risk levels. This effort is composed
of two primary elements, (1) development of overall guidance that is applicable
to all Federal facility sites and (2) investigation of alternate disposal options
for low-level radioactive waste generated primarily from clean-up of Federal
facilities.
The program request for the guidance/regulations for clean-up of
radioactively contaminated sites is $1,225,000 and 5.0 total workyears. In 1998
the Agency will establish guidance/regulations for clean-up of radioactively
contaminated sites. To assist in clean-up efforts in 1998, EPA will complete
a Multi-Agency Laboratory Procedures Manual (MAKLAP) , which provides guidance in
all areas of radiation laboratory work, including guidance and criteria for
radiological data evaluation. This document, together with the Multi-Agency
Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSiM) and guidance on application of the
clean-up rule, will provide clear and easily implementable procedures for safe
and effective clean-up of contaminated sites.
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The program request for the scrap metal recycling rule activities is
$1,580,000 and .8,0 total workyears. In 1998, EPA will propose a final rule for
scrap metal recycling, and investigate the need for a rule for other materials,
such as concrete. Since many of the sites are regulated under several .state and
Federal statutes, EPA will coordinate with state and Federal implementers in
these activities .
The program request for the emergency preparedness efforts is $1,112,560
and 11.9 total workyears. As part of its emergency preparedness efforts and the
Agency environmental goal for preventing accidental releases, EPA will continue
its classroom .and field training programs to maintain and improve the
capabilities of the EPA Radiological Emergency Response Team. The Agency will
also continue to coordinate with other Federal agencies and the international
community on formal agreements dealing with communications, coordination of
response efforts, and mutual assistance for responding to emergencies and the
potential of terrorist -events involving radioactive materials .
The program request for the development of Federal guidance on the
assessments of exposure to radiation is $539,000 and 3.4 total workyears. In
1998 EPA will continue to develop Federal guidance documents to provide a common
basis for Federal assessments of exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
The Agency will begin an interagency assessment of the adequacy of standards for
protection of workers, in light of recent international recommendations.
The program request for the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants {NESHAPs ) is $591,000 and 4.6 total workyears. Implementation of the
radionuclide NESHAPs will further EPA's environmental goal to ensure clean air
reducing public exposure to air toxics. EPA will continue to promote transfer
of implementation responsibilities for the radionuclide NESHAPs to the states.
EPA will supplement videotape training with direct assistance to deal with unique
problems incurred by the states and local authorities . The Agency will provide
technical assistance in determining the acceptability of alternate procedure
requests for NESHAPs compliance.
EXPLANATION Qg CHftNSB; -3.2 gTE
In 1998 EPA will redirect $838,000 and 6.8 workyears from NESHAPs and Yucca
Mountain efforts toward developing Federal and/or state waste management
guidance/regulations leveraging its partnership with the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission as co-chair of the Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation
Standards (ISCORS) . Using the ISCORS mechanism, EPA will ensure consistency of
radiation standards, based on risk assessment models with realistic scenarios.
EPA will also increase its level of effort to develop the final Waste Management
Rules covering criteria for waste disposal, and work to develop a national
framework to manage mixed waste, those containing both hazardous as well as
radioactive waste, in a unified and holistic manner.
The program will transfer $210,300 and 1.6 workyears in 1998 from the
Environmental Program Management appropriation to the Science and Technology
appropriation.
1997 gROSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $16,402,300 and 105.5 total workyears for
the Radiation program component. Major activities within this program component
are as follows.
In 1997 EPA will focus on establishing comprehensive national standards for
radioactive waste management, clean-up of radioactively contaminated sites, and
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developing Federal radiation protection guidance in order to implement EPA's
environmental goal to ensure safe waste management protective of public health.
The program resources for Waste Isolation Pilot Plant activities are
$5,369.5 and 26.9 total workyears. In 1997 EPA will receive the DOE WIPP
Compliance Certification Application. EPA will review and evaluate the
application to identify the technical areas in need of additional information to
address adequately the regulatory provisions of the disposal standards and the
compliance criteria. During the review of the application, the Agency will
conduct audits and inspections of the WIPP site and DOE's radioactive waste
generator sites to verify information in the application.
The program resources for Yucca Mountain activities are $1,450,000 and 7.8
total workyears. In 1997 EPA also plans to propose standards for the disposal
of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the proposed repository
at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These multi-media standards will address issues of
air, land, and water contamination in the area surrounding Yucca Mountain.
Public participation in the development of the standards will include local
meetings, written information, and meetings with key stakeholders (e.g., the DOE,
the NRC, and the State of Nevada) . The final standard will ensure that the Yucca
Mountain disposal system adequately controls releases of radionuclides, thereby
protecting both individuals and populations.
During 1997 the Agency will develop radiation site clean-up
guidelines/regulations that will apply to Federal facilities. As part of the
process, EPA will conduct workgroup meetings, public hearings, and further
analyses. The Agency also will complete a cooperative effort to develop the
MARSSIM and begin to use this guidance to assist site clean-ups.
The program resources for scrap metal recycling activities are $1,660,000
and 8.0 total workyears. Contaminated sites that are being cleaned up frequently
have material that is "clean" and could be reused or recycled. During 1997 EPA
will complete work on a pre-proposal draft rule for scrap metal, which will set
a limit for residual radiation in recycled scrap metal. The ISCORS subcommittee
on recycling is assisting EPA in this effort.
The program resources for Federal radioactive waste management
guidance/regulations is $1,625,000 and 4.5 total workyears. The Agency will
continue work on the Federal radioactive waste management guidance/regulations
and their implementing procedures. This guidance is designed to ensure that
costs for disposal of low activity radioactive wastes are kept to a minimum,
while ensuring reduction of risk to human health and the environment through the
proper removal, storage, treatment, and disposal of radioactive waste; minimize
waste and restricted recycle/reuse activities; encourage environmental technology
to minimize or reduce the volume of radioactive waste found at sites throughout
the nation.
The program resources for the emergency preparedness effort activities are
$550,000 and 5.4 total workyears. As part of its emergency preparedness efforts
and the Agency*s environmental goal for preventing accidental releases, EPA will
continue its classroom and field training programs to maintain and improve the
capabilities of the EPA Radiological Emergency Response Team and will coordinate
with other Federal agencies and the international community on formal agreements
dealing with communications, coordination of response efforts, and mutual
assistance for responding to emergencies.
The program resources for NESHAPs activities are $650,000 and 5.6 total
workyears. EPA will promote transfer of implementation responsibilities for the
radionuclide NESKAPS to the states(to date, two states have total delegations and
one state has Subpart I delegation only), and EPA will provide technical
assistance in determining the acceptability of alternate NESHAPs compliance
procedure requests. Implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs will further
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EPA's environmental goal to ensure clean air by reducing public exposure to air
toxics.
HQRKINS CAPITAL FPHP
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
In 1998 the Agency requests a total of $10,038,200 from the Working Capital
Fund to support the Office of Air and Radiation.
H&JOR ACTIVITIgg
The Working Capital Fund will support headquarters and regional offices.
The resources requested include the base resources to pay for program postage
costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes
regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail; Post Office Express Mail; two-day
priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal Express
overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. For National Data
Processing Division (HDPD) operations, the base dollars provide an on-going data
processing and telecommunication services for this program. These services are
classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services; Network
Services; Desktop Services; Technical Consulting Services; and Scientific
Computing Services, Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets; increased service costs; additional mainframe
capacity; investments in network services; and investments in technical
consulting services.
EXFLAMATIOK OF CHANGS; No change
1997 PROGRAM
In 1997 the Agency will devote a total of $10,038,200 from the Working
Capital Fund to support the Office of Air and Radiation.
The Working Capital Fund will support headquarters and regional offices.
'The resources requested include the base resources to pay for program postage
costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes
regular First, 'Third, and Fourth Class mail; Post Office Express Mail; two-day
priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal Express
overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. For National Data
Processing Division (NDPD) operations, the base dollars provide an on-going data
processing and telecommunication services for this program. These services are
classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing .Services; Network
Services; Desktop Services; Technical Consulting Services; and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets; increased service costs; additional mainframe
capacity; investments in network services; and investments in technical
consulting services.
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UNITED STATES EHVTRONMEHTKL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BODGET
EHVTRONMEHTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
HEM SDMMMIY: toy PR0GRBM COMEOHEHT
(dollars in thousands)
PB0GRHM CHMPOHEHE
CHIEF ITKBHCIKL OFFICER
FY 1996
OP PLAN
« 1997
PRES. BDD
FY 1997
FT 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIPPBREHCE
98-97
Resource
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
29,681.3
351.1
29,884.8
372.3
40,538.3
369.6
41,534.6
361.8
996.3
-7.8
EHVIRONMENTAL PBDGRftMS AND
TOTM, DOLIARS:
PIE
29,681.3
351.1
29,884.8
372.3
40,538.3
369.6
41,534.6
361.8
996.3
-7.8
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $41,534,600 and 361.8 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of the
Chief Financial Officer.
Major activities within the Resources Management program component include:
Accountability with a request of $3,063,200 and 18.2 total workyears; Strategic
Planning with a request of $1,017,800 and 9.2 total workyears; Annual Planning
and Budgeting with a request of $6,068,300 and 85.7 total workyears; Financial
Management with a request of $25,834,300 and 212.3 total workyears; Analysis and
Evaluation with a request of $1,338,000 and 14.2 total workyears,- and Program
Management and Operations with a- request of $4,233,300 and 22.2 total workyears.
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in 1998
will support Agencywide resource management and control functions including
budget development, budget utilization, financial accounting and fiscal
operations. 'Resources will also support the development of Agencywide resources
management policies and national guidance, audit management, environmental
financing alternatives, technical assistance to the Agency's management integrity
process, and operation and maintenance of the Integrated Financial Management
System (IFMS). Resources will also allow for continued improvements in the
integration of Agencywide planning, budgeting, financial management, analysis and
accountability. In addition, resources will support the basic mandatory
requirements of the General Accounting Act of 1980, the Inspector General Act
Amendments, the Integrity Act as well as provide leadership for the development
of performance based management tools consistent with the National Performance
Review, the Government Performance and Results Act, the Government Management
Reform Act, and the Chief Financial Officers' Act. Further, the Office of the
Chief Financial Officer will devote resources to EPA's own streamlining and
administrative reform initiatives and continue to develop and implement the
management processes and information systems needed to improve EPA's ability to
manage for results.
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1998
1997
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
DATA OUTPUT CHART
Financial statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities.
Timely submission of semi-annual reports as required by the IG Act
Amendment of 1988.
Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-11 and A-34.
Financial Statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities,
Timely submission of semi-annual reports as required by the IG Act
Amendment of 1988.
Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-11 and A-34.
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JAGEMENT-HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $35,084,600 and 257.4 total workyears in
1998 for the Resource Management-Headquarters program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO) will direct its
resources towards core, Agencywide financial, budget, and resource management
functions in addition to Agency priorities such as continued development of an
integrated planning-budgeting-accountability system and reinvention of EPA
management and administrative processes.
Major activities within the Resource Management-Headquarters program
component include:
Accountability ($3,042,900 and 18.2 total workyears) - This activity
includes the development, implementation, and maintenance of an Agency level
process and information system for identifying, collecting, analyzing, and
reporting performance and resource information as required by Government
Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and as otherwise needed by Agency managers to
direct a results driven planning and budgeting system; preparation of annual
accountability and performance reports; and assessment of the Agency's
performance against the annual performance goals and strategic goals. Resources
also provide for the establishment, implementation, and management of Agencywide
policies for management integrity and audit follow-up to meet the requirements
of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, the Inspector General Act
Amendment of 1988, respectively, and selected provisions of the Chief Financial
Officers' Act of 1990.
Strategic Planning($1,017,800 and 9.2 total workyears) - OCFO oversees the
strategic planning process for EPA; coordinates with EPA Offices and external
stakeholders to formulate vision and mission statements, strategic decisions
principles, long-term goals, and general strategies for attaining the goals; and
designs and oversees the process for developing program-specific objectives and
multi-year .action plans in support of the Agency's strategic plan.
Annual Planning and Budgeting ($3,875,300 and 49.4 total workyears)- OCFO
manages the development and formulation of the Agency's annual budget; designs
and oversees the process for developing annual performance plans; analyzes major
policy/resource issues facing the Agency; oversees Agency implementation of GPRA
and NPR recommendations; implements, monitors and controls development of the
Agency's operating and resource allocation plans; monitors expenditures of Agency
funds to ensure that EPA complies with the Anti-Deficiency Act and other
executive branch and congressionally imposed fiduciary controls; operates,
maintains, and enhances automated budget systems; and develops and issues
policies and guidance related to all areas of budget formulation and execution.
OCFO also acts as the primary Agency liaison with the Congress on all matters
pertaining to the Agency's budget and appropriations; develops guidance and
coordinates final preparation and submission of the OMB Budget Submission, the
annual Justification of Appropriation Estimates for Congress and EPA's portion
of the President's Budget. Additionally, OCFO prepares Agency responses to
General Accounting Office (GAO) recommendations and QAO draft documents required
by Public Law and communicates with and involves EPA senior managers in
significant GAO- reviews on meeting national environmental goals and program
effectiveness and efficiency issues.
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Financial Management{$21,577,300 and 144.2 total workyears) - Under this
activity OCFO develops and issues Agencywide financial management policies and
procedures, develops and manages the Comptroller's Agencywide Financial
Management Quality Assurance Program; develops and prepares the Agency's annual
financial statements as well as the CFO's analysis of the statements and audit
results; conducts analyses and evaluations of reported financial data for use by
senior Agency management; oversees the Agency's management of accounts receivable
and acts as the focal point for debt management activities; plans and develops
Agencywide cost accounting capability to meet the objectives of the Government
Performance and Results Act and the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act
of 1996; oversees core financial management activities Agencywide; coordinates
and manages all fiscal year end closeout and startup activities for the Agency's
financial management functions; manages, maintains, and enhances EPA's
Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) and related systems,- and maintains
system security functions.
Resources also support a full range of accounting and fiscal services to
program offices including time and attendance, and travel and commercial
payments. OCFO also provides core financial services to the Agency for all EPA
payroll processing and accounting, contracts, interagency agreements, program
assistance agreements, and working capital fund agreements.
Analysis and Evaluation($1,338,000 and 14.2 total workyears) ~ OCFO
conducts analyses to support the Agency's senior leadership in making policy and
resource allocation decisions inherent in the goals driven management system
required by GPRA. OCFO also conducts cross program analyses to provide
comparisons of risk reduction potential, cost-benefit, and cost effectiveness.
This activity also includes the coordination of Agency efforts in the development
and tracking of environmental outcome measures.
Program Management and Operations($4,233,300 and 22.2 total workyears) -
Under this activity OCFO manages the budgetary and administrative functions for
the Office of the Chief Financial Officer including budget formulation and
execution, audit follow-up, management integrity, working capital fund,
facilities, grants, contracts, records management, personnel, information
management, financial reporting and special projects. OCFO also provides
Agencywide leadership for implementing the Agency's Environmental Financing
program as well as management of the Environmental Financing Advisory Board,. In
addition, OCFO coordinates the Agencywide planning and budgeting process for the
Working Capital Fund (WCF) ; develops and monitors implementation of Agency policy
on WCF; and administers WCF program initiatives.
EXPLANATION OF CHftNSK; -7.2 FTE .»$653.V7|C
An investment of $973,700 will support increased Payroll, Compensation, and
Benefit costs in 1998.
Disinvestments in 1998 include a decrease of $320,000 in Program Management
and Operations for Environmental Financing to reflect an adjustment to the base
for a Congressional Add-On received in 1997 and a decrease of 7.2 FTE to be
achieved through administrative reform initiatives.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $34,430,900 and 264.6 total workyears for
the Resource Management-Headquarters program component. Major activities within
this program component are: Accountability with an allocation of $3,063,200 and
18.5 total workyears; strategic Planning with an allocation of $1,035,100 and 9.5
workyears; Annual Planning and Budgeting with an allocation of $3,847,200 and
50.3 total workyears; Financial Management with an allocation of $21,485,100 and
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146.9 total workyears; Analysis and Evaluation with, an .allocation of $1,342,900
and 14.4 total workyears; and Progfam Management and Operations with an
allocation of $3,657,400 and 25 total workyears.
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial officer in 1997
will support activities essential to the overall management and operations of the
Agency. Resources will enable the OCFO to establish and manage the new
Agencywide planning-budgeting-accountability system,- provide core budget,
financial, .and resource management services; implement the Agency's Working
Capital Fund; and support administrative reform initiatives .
RESOURCE MANAGEMBKT- REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $6,450,000 and 104.4 total workyears in 1998
for the Resource Management -Regions program component.
MAJOR
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will direct regional
resources towards core financial, budget, and resource management functions in
addition to Agency priorities such as reinvention of EPA management and
administrative processes .
The major activities in the Resource Management -Regions program component
are:
Annual Planning and Budgeting ($2,193,000 and 36.3 total workyears) - Under
this activity 'Regional offices perform all budget related functions including
budget formulation and execution, operating plan development, and overall
management, reporting and accountability for the Regions' budget.
Financial Management ($4,257 , 000 and 68.1 total workyears) - This activity
includes all financial management functions in the Regional offices including
accounting, payment processing, billings and collections for grants, travel,
payroll, contracts, .and all other .financial transactions, as well as payroll
support and general ledger activities .
IXPIAHATION OF CHaHgEi. - ^6 FTE -t.S342.6K
An investment of $342,600 will support increased Payroll, Compensation, and
Benefit costs in 1998,.
A disinvestment of .6 "FTE will be achieved through administrative reform
initiatives in financial management. '•
1997 PROGRAM
•The Agency's budget is a total of $6,107,400 and 105.0 total workyears for
the Resource Management -Regions program component. Major activities within this
program component are Annual Planning and .Budgeting with an allocation of
$2,076,500 and 36.3 total workyears and Financial Management with an allocation
of $4,030,900 and 68.7 total workyears.
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in FY
1997 will support activities essential to the overall management and operations
2-80
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of the Agency. Resources will enable the Regions to provide core budget,
financial, and resource management services to the Regional Offices and support
administrative reform initiatives.
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2-82
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OHXTKU STAGES EHVIHOHMKWjytti PROTECTION AGEHC3C
FT98 FBESIDEHT'S BOD6ET
ENVIROKMEHTKL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
NPM SUMMARY: iy PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
;RAM COMPONENT
L ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
CR^iMXHiftXi F(NPO)RK*BMKM^r
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
TOTAL DOLLARS
FMS
COMPLIANCE INCENTIVES
*KH*|Qj IXiffJiJIftB
FZES
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVHLT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FEES
IVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND 'Mm
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
FX 1996
OP PLAN
37 , 708 . B
403.8
75,232.1
878.5
18,855.4
198.2
25,641.5
221.4
5,278.8
57.5
7,279.8
99.9
Lee Program
6,826.1
13.2
IATION
41,500.8
419.7
IAGEMENT
216,323.3
2,292,2
FT 1997
PRES. BITO.
38,624.0
401.8
72,342.2
896.6
23,997.9
266.6
26,839.2
231.3
9,206.4
86.2
8,903.7
103.0
3,434.0
11.4
47,261.6
415.4
230,609.0
2,412.3
EY 1997
ENACTED
39,724.3
414.6
69,143.4
887.5
23,274.5
243.7
20 , 137 . 0
225.2
7,260.6
74.8
9,277.3
101.9
5,960.3
11.4
45,222.3
412 ,3
219,999.7
2,371.4
PY 1998
BOD. REQ.
44,422.1
432.4
73,595.0
894.9
26,337.9
264.2
20,146.2
210.7
8,633.0
94.1
8,845.2
102.1
3,413.5
11.3
50,144.8
415.2
235,537.7
2,424.9
98 - 97
4,697.8
17.8
4,451.6
7.4
3,063.4
20.5
9.2
-14.5
1,372.4
19.3
-432 . 1
0.2
-2,546.8
-0.1
4,922.5
2.9
15,538.0
53.5
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
The Agency requests a total of $235,537,700 and 2,424.9 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) Account for the Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) .
In 1998, the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance will use
resources from the EPM appropriation to (1) maximize compliance and promote
beyond compliance behavior by the regulated community; (2) set risk-based
enforcement and compliance priorities; (3) strategically plan and target
activities to address environmental problems associated with industry sectors and
communities; (4) develop strategies combining compliance assistance, incentives,
recognition, and civil and criminal enforcement; (5) measure compliance and
environmental improvements resulting from the compliance assurance approach; (63
address environmental justice issues in order to bring a safe and clean
environment to all Americans; and (7) increase cooperation with our governmental
partners and regulated sectors to promote the Agency's enforcement and compliance
mission.
OECA will achieve these objectives by emphasizing a balanced approach
between traditional activities of compliance monitoring, civil enforcement and
criminal enforcement actions, as well as more recent approaches such as
compliance assistance and compliance incentives. OECA will also emphasize
community-based environmental protection and partnerships, bringing the benefits
of the Agency's multimedia approach to environmental problem solving at the
community and ecosystem level.
The key areas the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance proposes
for investment and redirection of resources in 1998 support its dual role to use
both enforcement and compliance tools to ensure adherence to environmental
regulations, particularly in high risk areas. Accordingly, the O1CA request
directs resources from the relatively low risk Hazardous Waste Enforcement
program into the Pesticides Enforcement and Toxic Substances Enforcement programs
for protection of children's health from lead-based paint and from pesticide
misuse. OECA also requests additional resources for the Drinking Water
Enforcement program to protect public water systems.
In 1998, the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance will expand the
pilot addressing the unique water pollution problems of concentrated animal
feedlot operations into a national program. The Office also seeks resources to
provide technical assistance to tribes on solid waste management enforcement
issues and to build pesticide and multimedia enforcement capabilities on tribal
lands.
OECA is reducing its request for Federal compliance assistance resources,
as states assume greater responsibility for providing assistance. However, OECA
requests additional resources to provide compliance incentives to the regulated
community. In 1998, OECA will emphasize and increase the resources devoted to
the new self-audit policy as a way of achieving greater compliance levels at
'lower cost to the public and private sectors, as well as industry/federal agency
partnerships such as the Environmental Leadership Program, The Office will
continue important Reinvention projects such as CSI and Project XL, with
additional resources targeted for XL.
The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance is requesting additional
resources for implementation of new legislation including the Safe Drinking Water
Act Amendments of 1996, and the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The Safe
Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 reflect major changes for drinking water
providers. The amendments affect the 240 million Americans who obtain their
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drinking water from public water systems. They contain important new programs
to prevent contamination and improve regulatory efforts in support of a renewed
Federal commitment to drinking water protection. The Food Quality Protection Act
of 1996 requires the Agency to ensure that the registration process for pesticide
products is sufficient to maintain antimicrobial pesticide efficacy and that
antimicrobial products continue to meet product performance standards and
effectiveness levels for each type of label claim made.
Additional resources in 1998 for the President's Kalamazoo Environmental
Crimes and Enforcement proposal will respond directly to the urgent need
expressed by state, local, and tribal officials for additional Federal training
in the safe and effective investigation of environmental crimes.
The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance will work with other
Federal agencies to improve their compliance with environmental requirements and
will forge new relationships with state partners through performance partnership
agreements and through sponsorship of a forum of senior enforcement officials,
The program will manage the national environmental justice program, as well as
ensure that environmental justice principles guide EPA's enforcement and
compliance efforts.
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1998
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
Inspections
CAA Mobile Sources
CAA Stationary Sources
UIC/PWS
NPPES
EPCRA
FIFRA-EPA
TSCA-EPA
RCRA
Multi-Media
GLP
Fed. Facil.
Fed. Facil.
Multi-Media
EPCRA
FIFRA-state
TSCA-state
Import/Export
Inspection guidance
5000
2100
5700
2400
600
125
1000
1130
120
84insp/280 audits
20
10
30200
1000
2300 notifications
2
Civi-1 Enforcement
National. Case Support
40 Enforcement Discretion Requests Reviewed
115 Administrative Orders Issued
225 Administrative Cases Concluded
5 Civil Judicial Cases Concluded
250 Non-Penalty Actions (e.g., UON's/NOV's) issued
RggipnalCi vi1 Case Support
Stationary Sources Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 50
- APO Complaints " 150
- Compliance Orders 150
Water Quality Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 70
- APO Complaints 250
- Compliance Orders 800
Drinking Water Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 8
- APO Complaints 100 '
- Compliance Orders 600
Wetlands Enforcement
- Compliance Orders
40
EPCRA Enforcement
- Civil Referrals
- APO Complaints
Pesticides Enforcement
- Civil Referrals
3
245
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- APQ Complaints
185
Toxic Substances Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 5
- APO Complaints 150
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 13
- APp Complaints 7.5
- Compliance Orders 1
Compliance Centers
Sector Notebooks
Sector guides
6 on-going, 2 initiating
2 notebooks
4 guides
Compliance Incentives
ELP participants
Project XL
100 participants
40 Final Project Agreements
60 Proposals Screened
Criminal Enforcement
598 criminal cases initiated and 28.9 criminal referrals •
Federal Facilities Enforcement
Conduct 10-15 Environmental Management Reviews
Review and negotiate Federal facility compliance incentive proposals
Hold 10-15 training sessions for Federal facilities on environmental
polices and programs
Conduct 20 multimedia inspections
Conduct 10 EPCRA inspections
Develop Federally-Owned Treatment Works Inspection Guidance
Develop Environmental Audit Policy for Federal facilities
HEP A implenrentatlon s
Final Rule for Environmental Impact Assessment of Non- Governmental
Activities in Antarctica '"
Draft Indian Land Guidance for NEPA Compliance and §309 of the Clean Air
Act Review Programs
Initiate Implementation of Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment
Process
Review over 600 Federal Environmental Impact Statements
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International Enforcement and Compliance
Implement Enforcement and Compliance provisions of Border XXI (U.S. -
Mexico Border Environmental Plan) and North American Commission for
Environmental Cooperation
Program Leadershipand Evaluation
27 new enforcement training courses developed
Respond to 430 FOIA retjuests
BnviyomnentalJustice.
3 University/Community Partnership Grants
2 Public Meetings
2 NEJAC Meetings
1997
o Coap 1 i ance Moni torinu
CAA Mobile Sources
CAA Stationary Sources
UIC/PWS
NPD1S
EPCRA
FIFRA-EPA
TSCA-EPA
RCRA
Mult i -Media
GLP
Fed. Facil . Mult i -Media
FIERA-state
TSCA- state
Import/export
Inspection guidance
5000
2100
5700 .
2400
600
125
1000
1130
80
84insp/280 audits
20
29700
1000
2000 notifications
6 guidance
Civil Eojorceiaent;
National Case Support
35 Enforcement Discretion Requests Reviewed
100 Administrative Orders Issued
225 Administrative Cases Concluded
3 Civil Judicial Cases Concluded
225 Non-Penalty Actions (e.g., NON's/NOV's) issued
Regional CiviJL_Cas_e Support
Stationary Sources Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 40
- APO Complaints 120
- Compliance Orders 130
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Water Quality Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 55
- APO Complaints 230
- Compliance Orders 750
Drinking Water Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 5
- APO Complaints 85
- Compliance Orders 580
Wetlands Enforcement
- Compliance Orders 40
EPCRA Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 3
- APO Complaints 240
Pesticides Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 1
- APO Complaints 145
Toxic Substances Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 3
- APO Complaints 135
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
- Civil Referrals 15
- APO Complaints 90
- Compliance Orders 1
Compliance Assistance
Assistance Centers
Sector Notebooks
Sector-guides
4-ongoing, 2 initiating
7 notebooks
3 guides
Compliance Incentives
ELP participants
Project XL
25
37 Final Project Agreements
50 Proposals Screened
531 criminal cases initiated and 256 criminal referrals
Federal Facilities Enforcement
Conduct 10-15 Environmental Management Reviews
Review and negotiate Federal facility compliance incentive proposals
Hold 10 training sessions for Federal facilities on environmental policies
and programs
Conduct 20 multimedia inspections
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Interim Rule for Environmental Impact Assessment of Non-Governmental
Activities in Antarctica
Finalize Environmental Justice Guidance for NEPA Compliance and §309 of
the Clean Air Act Review Programs
Coordinate Development and Review of the Agency's Endangered Species Act
.Program Plans
Review over 600 Federal Environmental Impact Statements
International Enf orceaent ....... and Compliance
Implement Enforcement and Compliance provisions of Border XXI (U.S. -
Mexico Border Environmental Plan) and Morth American Commission for
Environmental Cooperation
'Program. Iieadgrfiliip and
27 new enforcement training courses developed
Respond to 430 FOIA requests
Environmental Juateise
5 University/Community Partnership Grants
2 Public Meetings
2 HEJAC Meetings
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COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $44,422,100 and 432.4 total workyears in
1998 for the Compliance Monitoring program component.
The goal of the Agency's Compliance Monitoring program component is to
bring about environmental protection through immediate, full and continuous
compliance with all Federal environmental laws and requirements through a multi-
media approach.
Compliance Monitoring consists of actions to review and evaluate the
activities of the regulated community to determine compliance with applicable
laws, regulations, permit conditions and settlement agreements and to determine
whether conditions presenting imminent and substantial endangerment may exist.
On-site inspections include monitoring, sampling and emissions testing.
Compliance monitoring activities are both media and sector based. The
traditional media approach assures monitoring of activities critical to meeting
the air, water, pesticides, etc. national environmental goals. The newer multi-
media approaches such as cross-media inspections, sector initiatives, and risk*-
based targeting allow the Agency to take a more holistic approach to protecting
ecosystems and to solving the more intractable environmental problems.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Compliance Monitoring program component will devote $2,678,300 and 6.9
total workyears to support the new provisions of the Safe .Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. The program component
will use the resources to develop compliance monitoring strategies and train
inspectors in the new legislation.
The program component will maintain the import/export waste tracking system
in Headquarters with $603,000 and 5.2 total workyears. These resources will
monitor the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste and the tracking and
analysis of PCB imports to ensure that applicable requirements of international
agreements and the TSCA and RCRA regulations are met.
In 1998, the Compliance Monitoring program component will continue to
manage the $1,450,000 cooperative agreement with the National Council on Senior
Citizens to support inspection activities primarily for asbestos, EPCRA, and
certain hazardous air pollutant programs. This program was historically managed
in Headquarters and 1998 will be the first year that this is managed by the
regions.
The Compliance Monitoring program component requests $4,300,000 and 11.1
total workyears in the Air Mobile Sources program to implement a nationally-
managed compliance and enforcement program to ensure compliance with the mobile
source provisions of the Clean Air Act. in 1998, EPA's compliance monitoring of
mobile sources by Headquarters personnel will focus on reformulated fuels and
vehicle and engine manufacturer requirements.
This Program component will manage the Good Laboratory Practices program
by providing $1,000,000 and 11.0 total workyears to the program. Headquarters
personnel will inspect laboratories around the' country to assure that studies are
conducted based upon GLP regulations.
This program component will devote $3,197,600 and 23.7 total workyears to
continued inspection training and inspector guidance development activities.
Emphasis in training will be on sector based and multimedia approaches.
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The Regional media enforcement programs will target compliance monitoring
toward those handlers and non-notifiers presenting the greatest threat to human
health and the environment.
The Agency will devote $9,685,700 and 85.7 total workyears to the Hazardous
Waste Enforcement program to enhance and complement State compliance monitoring
efforts. States are increasingly assuming the responsibility for the bulk of the
mandated inspection and enforcement work under RCRA. The Hazardous Waste
Enforcement program will direct its compliance monitoring activities in 1998
toward reducing risks from priority industry sectors such as petroleum refining
and primary non-ferrous metals.
EPA will devote $699,500 and 9.9 total workyears to Pesticides Compliance
Monitoring. This program will promote environmental accountability for pesticide
use and build the capacity of states and tribes to enhance public health and
safety. The program will continue to manage, and oversee the state pesticide
enforcement cooperative agreement program and to encourage participation of the
state and Indian tribes not currently involved in the program. The Regional
program will provide inspector training on proper enforcement of the statute.
The program will also continue to conduct inspections in states without
cooperative agreements. In 1998, these inspections will include import/export
inspections to address "circle of poison" concerns.
The Compliance Monitoring program component requests $1,610,700 and 22.4
total workyears in the Toxics Enforcement program for TSCA compliance monitoring.
The program will conduct inspections addressing TSCA sections 5 and 8, with
particular emphasis in 1998 on worker protection, pre-manufacturing,
notification-, and environmental effects reporting requirements. In those states
without cooperative enforcement agreements, the program will continue to conduct
risk-based compliance inspections for TSCA., including inspections for the high-
risk PCB and asbestos in public/commercial buildings programs (section 6 of
TSCA). Regions will support Headquarters by conducting inspections to monitor
compliance with the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations at laboratories
that perform toxics substances testing.
The program component within the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA) program will continue to conduct compliance inspections of
chemical facilities that use, manufacture or process potentially harmful
chemicals and are required to report under EPCRA. In 1998, EPA will devote
$313,500 and 4.3 total workyears dollars to these activities. The data obtained
from these inspections informs the public and the Agency of the presence of toxic
chemicals at the manufacturing facility and documents the release of toxic
chemicals into the environment. Regions will continue to utilize this
information to develop the Toxic Release Inventory {TRI}.
The Compliance Monitoring program component requests $1,548,600 and 24.8
total workyears in the Drinking Water Enforcement program to prevent the
endangerment of human health by contaminants in drinking water. In 1998, EPA
will pay increased attention to source protection activities. The Regions will
seek to maximize compliance and to return violators to compliance as quickly as
possible, using a variety of enforcement tools.
In 1998, the program component requests $7,062,700 and 102.2 total
workyears in the Water Quality Enforcement program for compliance monitoring of
the nation's waterways. The program will continue to concentrate compliance
monitoring activities in targeted high risk sectors, ecosystems, and populations.
In 1998, the program will enhance its recently developed place-based targeting
approach. Regions will work with State, local, and Tribal partners in
identifying stressed and threatened ecosystems in high-risk sectors and
geographic areas.
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The Stationary Sources Enforcement program manages and supports the
implementation of a national air compliance and enforcement program primarily
through operations in each of the ten EPA Regional Offices . The Compliance
Monitoring program component monitors compliance with the attainment and
maintenance of Clean Air Act (CAA) ambient standards for toxic pollutants and
ensures the reduction of hazardous air emissions by devoting $6,880,000 and 84.7
total workyears to compliance monitoring activities. Regional Offices enforce
the stationary sources requirements of state implementation plans (SIPs) , New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) , National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) , the Acid Deposition Control Program and Stratospheric
Ozone Protection Prograra. In 1998, their compliance monitoring efforts will focus
on major stationary sources in nonattainment areas, on new sources, and on
problem sources in attainment areas. The Regional program will support and
supplement the efforts of state and local air pollution control agencies.
In addition to the individual media enforcement programs the Compliance
Monitoring program component will devote $1,955,300 and 27.0 workyears to
multimedia and sector-based compliance monitoring.
In 1998, the program component requests a total of $1,109,100 and 9.5
total work years for compliance monitoring of Federal Facilities. The program
component will employ innovative approaches and integrated media enforcement
actions including multimedia inspections, environmental management reviews, and
supplemental environmental projects at Federal facilities in all ten Regions. The
Federal Facilities program will continue to work through the Regions to ensure
that RCRA inspections of Federal treatment, storage and disposal facilities are
conducted annually by EPA/States as mandated under the Federal Facilities
Compliance Act (FFCA) . The Federal Facilities program will also develop guidance
and conduct EPCRA inspections at Federal facilities in all 10 regions.
+17.8 ETE
In 1998, the Compliance Monitoring program component will convert the
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) pilot program initiated in 1997 to
a national program initiative. The Agency will invest $83,000 and 1.0 total
workyear in Headquarters and $506,900 and 7.0 workyears in the Regions to
coordinate agency groundwater management plan policies and develop guidance on
watershed management, nonpoint sources, inspections, and on case development.
The program component will devote an additional $640,000 and 7.0
Headquarters workyears to inspector guidance and training in support of
multimedia compliance monitoring. As the Agency accelerates movement towards
multimedia and sector inspections, the need for specialized training of the
Regions and states is becoming more pressing. These resources are a redirection
from strategy, policy, and tools development under the Compliance Assistance
program component.
The Compliance Monitoring program component will increase resources by
$1,146,700 and 2.4 workyears to address the increased responsibilities resulting
from the recently enacted Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection
Act. These resources will be used to develop a compliance monitoring strategy
and to train inspectors in the new legislation. The remaining program component
increase will fund additional personnel costs for 432 . 4 workyears .
1997 ESOSRjyM
The Agency's budget is a total of $39,724,300 and 414,6 total workyears for
the Compliance Monitoring program component. The 1997 Compliance Monitoring
program is reviewing and evaluating the activities of the regulated community to
determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit conditions and
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settlement agreements and to determine whether conditions presenting imminent and
substantial endangerment may exist. On site inspections include monitoring,
sampling and emissions testing. Compliance monitoring activities are both media
and sector based.
In 1997, the Compliance Monitoring program component is devoting a total
$531,600 and 4.5 workyears to support the new provisions of the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. These
resources are being used to continue developing compliance monitoring strategies
and training inspectors in the new legislation.
The program component is maintaining the import/export waste tracking
system with $585,600 and 5.2 total workyears to monitor the trans -boundary
movement of hazardous waste. In 1997, the first full year in which imports of
PCBs are allowed by regulation, resources are being allocated to the tracking and
analysis of these transactions to ensure that applicable requirements of
international agreements and the TSCA and RCRA regulations are met .
In 1997, the Compliance Monitoring program component is devoting a total
of $1,582,900 and 1.0 total workyear to manage the cooperative agreement with the
National Council on Senior Citizens to support inspection activities primarily
for asbestos, EPCRA, and hazardous air pollutant programs.
In addition. Headquarters manages the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)
program. EPA is devoting $929,200 and 11.0 total workyears to inspections of
laboratories around the country to assure that analyses are conducted based upon
GLP regulations .
During 1997, the program component is redirecting resources from within the
base to begin work on a compliance and enforcement initiative to address the
pollution caused by Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) . There are
over 650,000 CAFOs located in the United States. CAFOs have been identified in
both EPA and GAO reports as one of the major polluters of surface and ground
water. In 1997, a pilot compliance monitoring program is getting underway. The
results of the pilot program will be analyzed early in 1998 to determine what
modifications are needed before initiating a nation-wide compliance and
enforcement initiative later in that year.
The Regional media enforcement programs are devoting $25,835,800 and 334.0
total workyears to compliance monitoring of those facilities that present the
greatest threat to human health and the environment. In addition, the Compliance
Monitoring program component is devoting $1,679,600 and 20.0 total workyears to
multimedia and sector-based compliance monitoring.
The program component is devoting a total of $1,772,400 and 11.2 total
workyears to the Federal Facilities Enforcement Program to continue performing
multi-media inspections at Federal facilities and providing technical assistance
to other Federal agency compliance programs. The program component is conducting
a minimum of 20 multimedia inspections at major Federal facilities. Successful
compliance at Federal facilities requires that EPA provide effective guidance and
information to federal agencies. The Agency is continuing to provide assistance
to Federal agencies to develop and test compliance and clean-up requirements.
CXVIZi
1998 PROGRAM REQUKST
The Agency requests a total of $73,595,000 and 894.9 total workyears for
1998 in the Civil Enforcement program component.
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The goal of the Civil Enforcement program is to bring about environmental
protection through immediate, full and continuous compliance with all Federal
environmental laws and requirements.
The Civil Enforcement program component supports the consistent and focused
enforcement of the Clean Air Act (CAA) , the Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) , the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) , the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA), the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), the
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) , and the Marine Protection,
Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA). Civil Enforcement supports addressing
violations of environmental laws and ensuring that violators come into compliance
with the laws and regulations. it aims to level the economic playing field by
ensuring that violators do not realize the economic benefit of non-compliance,
and it will seek to deter future violations.
MAJORACTIVITIES
The Civil Enforcement program component requests $5,990,192 and 35.9 total
workyears to develop and litigate administrative and civil judicial cases, review
and support Regional cases with nationally significant issues, participate in
case settlement reviews and negotiations including supplemental environmental
projects, prepare referrals to DOJ, and conduct screening of corporations
nationwide. In addition, $1,545,681 and 15.3 total workyears will provide
national expertise on legal and technical matters arising from-cases such as
ability-to-pay, engineering technology and other case-specific issues.
In 1998, the program component requests $1,502,527 and 14.2 total workyears
for national (Headquarters) programs which will: implement key provisions of the
CAA to protect air quality through a mobile source program focused on enforcement
of Reformulated Fuels and Vehicle and Engine Manufacturer requirements; implement
enforcement of the Battery Recycling Act; and, take actions under FIFRA to ensure
scientific data integrity through Good Laboratory Practices requirements.
The program component requests $1,592,078 and 18.8 total workyears for
national ruletnaking such as the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Lead in Drinking
Water Rule, Combustion MACT Standards and Burden Reduction Rule. The civil
enforcement program's participation in rulemaking will ensure enforceability
against high-risk environmental concerns and implementation of the President's
Reinvention plan. The program component also requests $1,577,122 and 13.9 total
workyears to provide national leadership through development and implementation
of national legal and technical guidance and policies such as regulatory
Enforcement Response Policies, statute-specific penalty policies and litigation
guidance documents to address priority enforcement areas.
In the Regions, staff will work with Headquarters, states and tribes to
address high-risk violations of our environmental statutes in support of Agency
priorities. The Civil Enforcement program component requests $17,330,200 and
229.9 total workyears for legal counsel support to civil enforcement of all
multi-media and single media programs. Regional technical civil enforcement
resources are broken out by media below.
Regional legal and technical staff will administer the bulk of the Agency's
civil enforcement case management activities in 1998 including administrative and
civil judicial case development and management, enforcement litigation and
support, case referrals to the Department of Justice, legal counseling,
enforcement case tracking, responding to citizen concerns, and participating in
rulemaking and policy development with Headquarters. The Regional program will
play a key role in a number of multimedia and/or cross-media program initiatives
such as the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay and will expartd implementation of
multimedia enforcement. In coordination with the states, Regional resources
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will also target enforcement activities to provide community-based and place-
based protection.
In 1998, the Civil Enforcement program component requests $4,087,900 and
61.5 total workyears in the the Regional Drinking Water Enforcement program to
protect the quality of our nation's drinking water supply through enforcement
efforts focusing on implementation of the Surface Water Treatment Rule, the Total
Coliform Rule and the lead/copper rule under the SDWA. The Civil Enforcement
program will serve to protect surface and ground waters, to deter underground
injection of hazardous pollutants into ground water, and to address the 186,000
public water systems regulated by the SDWA, as well as to implement the new SDWA
enforcement authorities.
The program component also requests $10,093,500 and 146.5 total workyears
in the Regional Water Quality Enforcement program to promote a comprehensive
approach to enforcement and to ensure environmental accountability in protection
of the nation's waterways. The program component will focus targeted enforcement
activities under the CWA towards priority watersheds, troubled waters and
protection against sewer overflows. The Civil Enforcement program component will
also dedicate $1,115,600 and 15.1 total workyears in the Regional Wetlands
Protection Enforcement program to the protection of sensitive ecosystems through
targeted enforcement of high-risk, egregious violations of the wetlands
provisions under section 404 of the CWA.
Stationary Sources Civil Enforcement will dedicate $9,473,600 and 1.31.2
total workyears to protect air quality under the CAA. The Civil Enforcement
program component will target enforcement actions to ensure the reduction of
toxic air emissions and implement the Title V Operating Permits program to
address hazardous air pollutants and enhance state programs for improved urban
air quality,
The Civil Enforcement program component requests $2,311,900 and 32.9 total
workyears in the Pesticides Enforcement program to protect our children, homes
and workplaces against ineffective/unregistered pesticides and pesticides misuse
under FIFRA. Enforcement efforts will focus on pesticide registration and
efficacy requirements for antimicrobials used in disinfection of critical care
areas such as hospital operating and emergency rooms, where about 70% of hospital
sterilants and 800 hospital disinfectants registered by the Agency have failed
recent testing for effectiveness. The Agency will also focus on urban areas
where indoor use. of toxic pesticides has caused health concerns across the
country as well as on enforcement of the Worker Protection Standards.
The program component requests $2,615,700 and 36.4 total workyears in the
Toxic Substances Enforcement program. The program component will focus civil
enforcement efforts towards implementation of the lead-based paint regulations
under TSCA to protect the health of as many as three million children from lead
poisoning. The program component will also continue to focus on high-risk new
chemicals manufacturing and reporting requirements, PCBs and asbestos in public
buildings.
The Civil Enforcement program component also requests $684,600 and 9.8
total workyears in the EPCRA Enforcement program to continue to address reporting
violations of hazardous chemical releases. The program component will ensure
adequate emergency planning and release notification and reliable community
right-to-know data keeps the public and the Agency informed of the presence of
toxic chemicals being manufactured or released into the environment.
The program component will also devote $11,808,900 and 127.2 total
workyears to the Hazardous Waste Enforcement program under RCRA. The Civil
Enforcement program component will continue to prevent and reduce pollution from
high-risk hazardous wastes through activities targeted toward combustion
facilities, fuel burners and generators who are out of compliance. The Agency
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will also implement enforcement of labeling and transportation requirements
associated with the Battery Recycling Act to ensure proper disposal of batteries
containing heavy metals.
EXPLANATIONOFCHANGE: +7.4 FTK »g4.451.6K
In 1998, the Civil Enforcement program component will devote an additional
4,8 total workyears and $977,400 to implementation of the newly reauthorized SDWA
and the FQPA. New provisions of the SDWA include standard-setting procedures,
public notification regulations, and variance and exemption procedures which the
Regions will be responsible for implementing. The program component will use
these resources,to analyze State programs to determine if they meet the new
requirements for primacy, and develop guidance on the use 'of the new enforcement
authorities and strategies for implementation. These resources will also address
the new requirements of the Pood Quality Protection Act of 1996 through guidance
and targeted enforcement efforts to ensure efficacy of antimicrobials.
In 1998, an increase of 9.0 total workyears and $682,300 in Civil
Enforcement in the Drinking Water program will provide resources deter
underground injection of hazardous wastes into ground water and to more fully
address the 186,000 public water systems regulated by the SDWA.
The Civil Enforcement program component will add 14.4 total workyears and
$1,480,100 to the Toxic Substances and Pesticides Enforcement programs to protect
children through targeted enforcement of TSCA lead-based paint abatement and
FIFRA antimicrobials and pesticides misuse requirements. These resources will
develop and litigate enforcement cases, review completed inspection files, and
provide enforcement case support and training to the states. An estimated 50%
of states are not expected to adopt the new requirements for lead-based paint
abatement training, contractor accreditation and certification programs under
TSCA, leaving this responsibility to EPA. EPA will target enforcement activities
at buildings which contain high concentrations of children under the age of six^
such as day-care centers, preschools and kindergartens, as well as at bridges
located in or near residential areas. The program will increase enforcement of
pesticides registration and efficacy requirements for antimicrobials used in
disinfection in critical care areas such as hospital operating and emergency
rooms and in swimming pool sanitation.
EPA will disinvest 17.9 total workyears and $717,300 from the program
component in the Hazardous Waste program which will be directed towards higher
priority activities such as the protection of children through targeted
enforcement of TSCA and FIFRA and protecting our nation's drinking water supply.
The Agency will also .disinve.st an additional 3.0 total workyears and
$470,800 from Regional participation in general rule and policy development
across all environmental statutes. The Regions will continue to participate in
development of those rules for which enforcement-specific Regional expertise is
most critical. .
An increase of $598,700 will fund Headquarters policy, case guidance and
enforcement response development activities and case development and litigation
support. An additional increase of $1,901,200 reflects increased personnel costs
in Headquarters and the Regions.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $69,143,400 and 887.5 total workyears for
the Civil Enforcement program component. Major activities within this program
component are the consistent and focused enforcement of the "Clean Air Act (CAA) ,
the Clean Water Act (CWA) , Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the 1996
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amendments, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Food Quality Protection
Act (FQPA) , the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(AHERA), and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA). The
Civil Enforcement program component is addressing violations of environmental
laws and ensuring that violators come into compliance with the laws and
regulations. Its aim is to level the economic playing field by ensuring that
violators do not realize the economic benefit of non-compliance, and is seeking
to deter future violations.
The program component is devoting $413,200 and 3.5 total workyears to
support new provisions of the SDWA and the FQPA of 1996. These resources are
helping the Agency analyze state programs to determine if they meet the new
requirements for primacy and develop guidance on the use of the new enforcement
authorities and strategies for implementation of both Acts.
The program component is maintaining resources to develop and litigate
administrative and civil judicial cases, participate in case settlement reviews
and negotiations including supplemental environmental projects, prepare referrals
to DOJ, and conduct screening of corporations with facilities nationwide within
and across each media. The civil enforcement program staff is also continuing
to serve as national experts on legal and technical matters such as ability-to-
pay and case-specific issues. The Civil Enforcement program component is
continuing to maintain national programs which: implement key provisions of the
CAA to protect air quality through a mobile source program focused on enforcement
of Reformulated Fuels and Vehicle and Engine Manufacturer requirements; implement
enforcement of the Battery Recycling Act; and, enforce to ensure the integrity
of scientific data Good Laboratory Practices requirements under FIFRA.
In 1997, the Civil Enforcement program component is continuing to
participate in rulemaking activities to ensure enforceability against high-risk
environmental concerns and to implement the President's Regulatory Reinvention
plan. The program component is also developing and implementing national legal
and technical guidance and policies including Enforcement Response Policies,
penalty policies and case guidance documents to address priority enforcement
areas.
CRIMINALENFORCEMKNT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $26,337,900 and 264.2 total work years in
1998 for the Criminal Enforcement program component.
The goal of the Criminal Enforcement program component is to bring about
environmental protection through immediate, full and continuous compliance with
all Federal environmental laws and requirements through a multimedia approach.
The program component is responsible for fulfilling the requirements of the
Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990 (PPA) and enforcing the criminal provisions of
EPA's environmental statutes and targets its enforcement authority against the
most significant and egregious violators.
M&jrORACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Criminal Enforcement program component will support criminal
investigations with $22,422,700 and 213.4 total work years. The program
component's criminal investigators (also known as•special-agents) will pursue
investigative leads, develop information to support grand jury inquiries and
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decisions, and refer leads to other agencies or purse joint investigations as
appropriate. Cases are referred to the U.S. Attorney's Offices or the Department
of Justice for prosecution, with special agents serving as key witnesses in these
judicial proceedings. In 1998, the program component is requesting sufficient
total workyears to support the 200 criminal investigators required by the PPA.
(These positions are also supported by workyears from the Superfund
appropriation.}
The program component will review, analyze and evaluate the development of
criminal investigations including undercover operations; develop national
criminal enforcement and investigative procedures to ensure uniform, fair and
appropriate enforcement responses to violations; and, interact at the national
level with the Department of Justice (DOJ) and other law enforcement agencies to
support the Agency's mission and goals.
In 1998, the Criminal Enforcement program component will continue to base
its criminal investigations activity largely in the field with over with 90% of
the workyears stationed in 37 locations across the country. This diversity of
locations, in combination with the specialized requirements of a law enforcement
program, will support the program component's request for sufficient travel
resources to support special agents activities in screening leads, investigating
cases, and serving as witnesses in Grand Jury hearings and criminal trials. In
1998, the program component will initiate an estimated 598 cases resulting in 289
referrals. The program component will continue to provide its agents with the
necessary law enforcement vehicles and unique law enforcement, safety, and
investigative equipment. Funds will be used to perform background investigations
on Special agents. The program component must do initial background checks for
Special agents, periodic checks on agents, and upgrade checks to enable agents
to receive sensitive information from other law enforcement agencies. The program
component must also fund regularly scheduled comprehensive medical examinations
and provide in-service training requirements at the Federal Law Enforcement
Training Center in Georgia. Agents will also receive an additional 25 percent
Availability Pay which is 'based on the special agent's full salary.
The Criminal Enforcement program component (in conjunction with DOJ's
Environmental Crimes Section) will build ori 1997 developmental efforts to fully
establish the Joint Center for Strategic Environmental Enforcement, an elite team
of experts who will perform profile-based screening of potential criminal
enforcement cases. Specialists in information systems and criminal investigative
techniques will collaborate to initiate leads based on access to, and analysis
of, sophisticated criminal law enforcement databases. Products from the Center,
including investigation packages by sector, industry, or geographic area and
analyses which identify patterns of suspected criminal behavior, will be used by
field investigators to initiate leads of high priority cases. Technical support
resources for this effort will be provided by the National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC) in the Science and Technology appropriation.
The Criminal Enforcement program component will also direct $2,749,700 and
36.2 total workyears to provide legal support for the criminal program. Legal
staff will review civil referrals being considered for criminal actions and
participate in the development of statutes and regulations to ensure that they
incorporate clear requirements that are criminally enforceable.
EXPLANATION OP CHANGE: +20.5 FTB + S3.063.4K
In 1998, the Criminal Enforcement program component will invest in an
additional 20.5 total workyears including an increase of 22.9 total workyears for
criminal investigators as. required by the Pollution Prosecution Act. The program
component will disinvest 2.4 total workyears due to administrative reforms in
consolidation, automation and process improvements. The net funding increase is
due to payroll and travel adjustments to support the increased workyears.
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $23,274,500 and 243.7 total work years
for the Criminal Enforcement program component. Major activities within this
program component are: criminal investigations, and the legal, technical and
administrative support required for these investigations.
In 1997, the program component is supporting criminal investigations with
$19,234,500 and 190.5 total workyears. Successful prosecution of criminal
actions sends a forceful deterrence message to the regulated community. In '1997,
the program component is initiating an estimated 531 cases resulting in 256
referrals. The program component is continuing to direct its efforts toward the
most egregious violators, applying investigative discretion guidance to ensure
appropriate application of our criminal enforcement authorities. In 1997, the
program is placing a high priority on accelerating the hiring of criminal
investigators. Through use of a staggered hiring schedule, 200 criminal
investigators, mandated by the Pollution Prosecution Act, are being brought on-
board by the close of the fiscal year. (These positions are also supported by
workyears from the Superfund appropriation,}
In 1997, the program component is initiating the Joint Center for Strategic
Environmental Enforcement (in conjunction with DOJ's Environmental Crimes
Section). The Center's profile-based screening techniques are being used to
determine patterns of potential criminal behavior. Specialists in information
systems and criminal investigative techniques are collaborating to initiate leads
based on access to, and analysis of, sophisticated criminal law enforcement
databases. (Technical support resources for this effort are provided from the
Science and Technology appropriation.)
The program component is directing $2,941,700 and 38.6 total workyears to
provide legal support for the Criminal Enforcement program component. Legal
staff review civil referrals under consideration for criminal actions and
participate in the development of statutes and regulations to ensure that they
incorporate clear requirements that are criminally enforceable.
COMPLIANCEASSISTANCE
199.8 PROGRAM RSOPEgT
The Agency requests a total of $20,146,200 and 210.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Compliance Assistance program component.
The program component will provide enforcement and compliance data to the
Enforcement Program and compliance assistance to the regulated community. The
Compliance Assistance program component will provide information and technical
assistance to the regulated community to help it understand and comply with
environmental requirements and implement cost-effective pollution prevention
approaches.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Compliance Assistance program component will devote $1,846,100 and 13.3
total workyears for compliance assistance ,-tool development such as sector
notebooks, which provide general industry information and sector guides and
"Plain English1 versions of regulations. A reduced number of Headquarters
workyears in 1998 will develop multimedia and sector compliance assistance
policy, strategies and goals as the compliance assistance program matures.
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The program component will continue to provide $1,453,700 and 8.2
Headquarters total workyears for initiating and maintaining 8 compliance
assistance centers to provide sector and/or industry specific compliance
assistance.
In 1998, Regional portions of the Compliance Assistance program component
will continue to conduct a broad spectrum of outreach and technical assistance
activities, in concert with their states, to promote voluntary compliance with
Federal environmental statutes. The program component will focus compliance
assistance resources of $15,007,000 and 189.0 total workyears on those geographic
areas and industry sectors with the greatest need. Compliance assistance tools
developed and utilized range from individual interviews to large scale meetings
with stakeholders, as well as customer surveys, non-inspection site assessments,
training courses (co-sponsored with states and other stakeholders whenever
possible) , mass mailings to the regulated community notifying them of new
requirements, telephone/written responses to inquiries, and evaluation forms for
training/other assistance delivered. In 1998, the program component will begin.
expanded use of the Internet and the Enviro$ense Bulletin Board System to
facilitate wider dissemination of compliance assistance.
In 1998, the Compliance Assistance program component will devote $500,000
in regional resources to building tribal compliance assurance capabilities
through a tribal grant program in the multimedia program.
The Pesticides Compliance Assistance will provide $463,800 and 6.6 total
workyears for seminars, guidance documents, brochures, and other forms of
communications to assure knowledge of and compliance with pesticide rules. The
program will work with the states to involve them in national compliance
initiatives.
In 1998, Toxic Substances Compliance Assistance will provide $970,200 and
13.5 total workyears to assist firms that seek to comply voluntarily or that wish
to take remedial actions to achieve compliance with the TSCA program.
The Compliance Assistance program component in the Hazardous Waste program
will devote $4,137,400 and 39.8 workyears to enhance and complement State efforts
as the States continue to assume the responsibility for compliance assistance
work. The program component will direct its compliance assistance activities
towards those industry sectors which pose the greatest risks such as petroleum
refining and primary non-ferrous metals. The program component will provide
compliance assistance through mechanisms such as seminars, workshops, and manuals
and by clarifying requirements for the regulated community. The Compliance
Assistance program component will also focus on environmental or non-compliance
problems associated with particular communities or places including ecosystems,
watersheds, air sheds, and other natural resources that are threatened by
improper waste management practices.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act(EPCRA) Compliance
Assistance will provide $230,400 and 3.3 total workyears for compliance
assistance outreach to chemical facilities that use, manufacture or process
potentially harmful chemicals and are required to report under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) .
Wetlands Protection Compliance Assistance will devote $531,300 and 7.2
total workyears for compliance assistance with Clean Water Act (CWA) section 404
requirements. The Agency will employ compliance assistance tools toward the goal
of no net loss of wetlands resulting from discharges of dredged and fill
materials. The program component will establish strong partnerships with
federal, state and local agencies in addressing wetlands protection through
compliance assistance. The Compliance Assistance program component will focus
on improving interagency relationships with Corps of Engineers, Department of
Agriculture, Fish and Wildlife, as well as other stakeholders, through joint
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enforcement workshops, training efforts and. regular meetings, in addition, the
Agency's compliance assistance activities will promote innovative, comprehensive
approaches to environmental compliance by the regulated community.
Drinking Water Compliance Assistance will provide $870,700 and 13.1 total
workyears to prevent the endangerment of human health by contaminants in drinking
water through greater compliance with the national primary drinking water
regulations (HPDWRs) and through increased attention to source protection
activities. The program component will maximize compliance and return violators
to compliance as quickly as possible by using a variety of compliance assistance
tools. Targeted outreach, compliance assistance, and technical assistance will
encourage the regulated community to meet their obligations.
Water Quality Compliance Assistance will provide $1,557,000 and 22.6 total
workyears to promote a comprehensive approach to environmental accountability
in protection of the nation's waterways. The program component will provide
clear direction on compliance to the regulated community through comprehensive
guidelines and compliance and technical assistance. The program will
concentrate compliance assistance activities in targeted high risk sectors,
'ecosystems, and populations.
Stationary Source Compliance Assistance will continue to provide $3,333,900
and 43.0 total workyears to explore multimedia environmental problems via their
inspection/enforcement actions. The program component will analyze major sources
and their compliance practices, .including steps that manufacturers have taken in
the area of pollution prevention. The program component will examine risk and
compliance patterns and develop compliance assistance strategies to address these
on a geographic, industrial, or industrial sector basis.
The Compliance Assistance rogram component requests a total of $1,388,800
and 9.6 workyears for the Federal Facilities Enforcement's Compliance Assistance
Program. This program will continue to provide compliance assistance to HQ, the
Regions and other Federal Agencies through activities such as Pollution
Prevention training workshops, guidance documents and tools, an environmental
auditing protocol and guidelines. The program will implement Executive Order No.
12856, Federal Compliance with Right-To-Know Laws .and Pollution Prevention
Requirements. The program component will provide special targeted assistance to
smaller civilian Federal agencies, including on-site Environmental Management
Reviews. The Federal Facilities Enforcement program will continue to provide
guidance and assistance for the Agency's regulatory reform initiatives and to
expand the Federal electronic bulletin board system. The Agency will assist
Federal agencies with developing and testing innovative technologies, including
demonstrations at Federal sites, to meet pollution -prevention, compliance and
clean-up requirements.
In 1998, the Agency's Enforcement Capacity and Outreach {ECOO} program will
continue an enforcement communication and public outreach effort, devoting
$819,100 and 5.6 total workyears to this function. The program will ensure that
all interested parties are kept informed of EPA enforcement and compliance
activities. This will include design and implementation of OECA communications
strategies; and articulation of Agency enforcement and compliance goals and
accomplishments to interested groups, the media and the general public. In
addition, the program will establish the Enforcement Docket, a physical -and an
electronic site where enforcement rules, public comments to the rules, policies
and guidance documents will be available for public review.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -14.5 FTB +S9.2K
In 1998, the Compliance Assistance program component will disinvest
$765,260 and 10.0 total workyears from compliance assistance policy development
and strategy and goals development as the program matures. OECA will redirect
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these resources to the Compliance Monitoring program component for inspector
training and support.
.The program component will disinvest $1,015,200 and 15.0 total work-years
from compliance assistance as States begin to take on this responsibility and
increase their own compliance assistance activities.
In 1998, the Compliance Assistance program component proposes to invest
$676,800 and 10.0 regional workyears to aid tribes nationwide with solid waste
management problems. Given the nature of the problem and the regulatory
authorities available under Subtitle D of RCRA, these workyears will be dedicated
to developing the Tribes' compliance monitoring and enforcement capabilities to
properly manage solid waste on tribal lands. The Tribal Operations Committee
supports the Agency's increase of Tribal resources for these activities.
The remaining change in dollars reflects an increase in payroll costs to
support the workforce in the Compliance Assistance program component.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is $20,137,000 and 225.2 total work years in 1997 for
the Compliance Assistance program component. In 1997, the Agency is developing
comprehensive measures of success for the compliance assistance activities.
The program component is devoting $466,800 and 2.0 total workyears to
publishing a series of nine "industry sector notebooks'. Each Notebook includes
discussions of general industry information.
The Agency maintains four compliance assistance centers with $1,442,383 and
8.2 total workyears for sectors heavily populated with small businesses:
printing, auto service, metal finishing, agriculture; and, OECA plans to open
several new centers in 1997. The Agency is completing and distributing
curriculum modules for community colleges and technical schools, as well as case
studies of various unique state and local compliance programs.
The program component is devoting $255,800 and 3.2 total workyears to
developing compliance guidances, such as plain English Guides, targeted to small
to medium-sized facilities that would to understand more fully their multi-media
compliance responsibilities..
In 1997, the program component is devoting $1,690,800 and 15.8 total
workyears to a variety of compliance assistance tools such as: issuing air
applicability determinations for manufacturing sectors and conducting an
inspector survey to identify sector-specific compliance issues and possible
solutions; conducting outreach with trade associations; consolidating inspection
check lists and emergency plans guidance; developing a "How to comply" guide for
the trucking and rail industries; and, developing compliance assistance
strategies for the Aerospace, shipbuilding, and wood paneling industries.
The Compliance Assistance program component is conducting a broad spectrum
of outreach and technical assistance activities in the Regions with $13/714,900
and 174.2 total workyears, in concert with their states, to promote voluntary
compliance with Federal environmental statutes. The program component is
focusing compliance assistance activities on those geographic areas and industry
sectors with the greatest need. The Compliance Assistance program component is
developing and using compliance assistance tools such as individual interviews
and large scale meetings with stakeholders, customer surveys, non-inspection site
assessments, training courses (co-sponsored with states and other stakeholders
whenever possible), mass mailings to the regulated community notifying them of
new requirements, telephone/written responses to inquiries,, and evaluation forms
for training/other assistance delivered.
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In 1997,, the Federal Facilities Enforcement program's budget includes
$915,400 and 8.7 total workyears to provide compliance assistance to other
Federal Agencies through a variety of activities, including monthly Federal
Agency Environmental Roundtable Meetings; Annual Federal Facilities Conferences;
Pollution Prevention training workshops; guidance documents and tools, such as
environmental auditing protocol and guidelines; and continues to have the lead
on implementation of E.O. 12856, Federal Compliance with Right -To -Know Laws and
Pollution Prevention Requirements, Special targeted assistance is being provided
to smaller civilian Federal agencies, including on- site Environmental Management
Reviews .
The Compliance Assistance program component continues to actively
participate in and provide guidance and assistance for regulatory reform
initiatives and is expanding services on the Federal electronic bulletin board
system. The program component is providing assistance to Federal agencies to
develop and test innovative technologies, including demonstrations at Federal
sites, to meet pollution prevention, compliance and clean-up requirements.
In 1997, the Enforcement Capacity and Outreach (ECOO) program is expanding
on-line electronic outreach efforts by further developing the Enviro$en$e system.
Enviro$en$e is the Agency's enforcement and compliance assurance link to Earth
One, EPA's electronic home page. ECOO is devoting $624,300 and 5.8 total
workyears to sustain the overall enforcement public outreach function.
COMPLIANCE INCENTIVES
JL998 PRO6RAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $8,633,000 and 94.1 total workyears in 1998
for the Compliance Incentives program component .
Compliance Incentives support achievement of the national goals by
encouraging regulated entities to voluntarily discover, disclose and correct
violations of environmental laws before they are identified by the government .for
enforcement investigation or action. These self -policing efforts play an
important role in maintaining compliance with environmental regulations at lower
cost to the public and private sectors .
The Agency's compliance incentive activities encourage the regulated
community to develop and maintain compliance management programs. They include
ISA's self -audit policy; partnerships between government and industry such as the
Environmental Leadership program and Project XL; and consensus building projects
such as the Common Sense Initiative .
The Compliance Incentives program" component will implement the self-audit
policy in 1998 with $550,100 and 4.0 total workyears. EPA's Environmental Audit
policy allows the Agency to reward good actors by waiving "gravity- based"
penalties for companies that find, disclose and correct violations using self-
audits. In 1998, settlements will increase under this policy as participation
in the program grows. Additionally, these resources will be allocated to ensure
that the policy is implemented in a fair and nationally consistent manner, and
that it is effectively promoted to the outside world.
The program component will devote $3,370,700 and 24.9 total workyears to
the Environmental Leadership Program (ELP) . This program is designed to
recognize those willing to develop innovative approaches to establishing
accountability for compliance with existing standards in environmental laws.
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This partnership between government and business will define the basic components
for a "state-of-the-Article 9" compliance management program that reflects the
principles of environmental leadership. ELP will also establish measures of
accountability to ensure credibility of the program by the public and other
stakeholders.
The Compliance Incentives program component will devote $2,563,000 and 25.5
total workyears to the XL (Excellence in Leadership) program for the non-Federal
facilities* Under this program facilities offer greater environmental protection
in trade for reduced regulatory burden. Each successful proposal passes five
fundamental milestones: (1) triage, where clearly unworthy proposals are
rejected; (2) technical review to determine the validity of the proposals; (3)
enforcement screening, done concurrently with the technical review; (4) selection
committee review resulting in acceptance (most proposals), rejection or deferral
for additional proposal development; and, (5) project agreement negotiations to
establish an enforceable set of commitments that will justify a reduced
regulatory burden.
In 1998, the program component will devote $1,242,100 and 13.4 total
workyears to provide compliance incentives for Federal facilities. The Agency
will emphasize eliminating or reducing less significant regulatory requirements,
allowing facilities to focus on more significant areas to achieve compliance.
Project XL/ENWEST will continue to be a major focus for the Federal Facilities
Enforcement Program which will oversee and provide compliance assistance to
projects initiated by DOD, DOE and civilian Federal agencies (CFA).
Another 1998 compliance incentive program is the Common Sense Initiative
(CSI) . The Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program, which has the lead for
the printing sector, will devote $2,378,000 and 14.7 total workyears to this
activity. The CSI Initiative is an intensely collaborative effort that seeks to
build consensus on providing environmental protection among representatives from
industry, labor, community-based and national environmental groups, environmental
justice groups and federal/state government bodies. These funds will be used for
meeting facilitation, providing technical assistance to stakeholders, and funding
pilot projects. The program component will expand its efforts in 1998 to
identify new sectors and to develop better measures and processes for meeting CSI
compliance goals.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +19,.? FtE •»S1,372.4K
In 1998, the Compliance Incentives program component will increase regional
workyears devoted to the Environmental Leadership Program (ELP) program by
$1,013,700 and 10.0 total workyears in 1998. ELP is one of the Agency's
reinvention activities that will be implemented full-scale and be made available
to all facilities in the second quarter of 1997. In 1998, the ongoing
implementation of the ELP will transfer to the Regions in order to improve
coordination with the states, to conduct environmental management system reviews
at the facilities during the application .review period, and to better utilize ELP
in Regional efforts to encourage compliance through incentives. The Agency
expects over 100 facilities to participate in the ELP by 1998.
The program component will also increase support to Project XL by a total
of $350,500 and 5.0 total workyears* This increase will provide the Agency
increased ability to receive, review, and approve XL program packages. The
increased workyears will provide additional technical reviews and compliance
screenings of project proposals, consultations with other headquarters offices
and the Regions on legal enforcement concerns, negotiations with project
participants, and developing legal tools for implementing XL projects.
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $7,260,600 and 74.8 total workyears for
the Compliance Incentives program component.
In 1997, the program component is providing $313,200 and 4.0 total
workyears to implementation of the self-audit policy. This activity builds upon
the 1996 'Voluntary Environmental Self-Policing and Self-Disclosure Interim
Policy," as well as the "Interim Policy on Compliance Incentives for .Small
Businesses" and "Small Communities Flexibility" policies. The Agency also
developed the Flexible State Enforcement Responses to Small Community Violations
policy, thus implementing parts of the President"s Reinventing Environmental
Regulation program.
The program component is devoting $2,357,000 and 14.9 total workyears to
the Environmental Leadership Program (ELP). The Agency announced the final
selection of 12 pilot projects in 1996. These pilots are at industrial
facilities and federal installations. These projects include development of
innovative environmental management systems, creation of mentoring programs,
testing of third party auditing and self-certification protocols and enhanced
community involvement policies. The Agency is organizing and delivering training
in 1997 to the Regions and states on how to manage the ELP.
In 1997, the Compliance Incentives program component is devoting $2,989,600
and 37.5 total workyears for Project XL. The Agency is moving Project XL/ENVEST
with DOD into full-scale implementation in 1997. The program component is
negotiating Final Project Agreements for each participating facility and
providing oversight and compliance assistance for projects as they are
implemented. In addition to the XL/ENWEST program with DOD, EPA is working
closely with DOE and Civilian Federal Agencies (CFA) to select their first pilot
XL projects.
In 1997, the program component is devoting $1,867,800 and 14.7 workyears
to the Common Sense Initiative (CSI) . These resources are being used for meeting
facilitation, technical assistance for stakeholders, and pilot project funding,
The Compliance Incentives program participates in about a dozen sectors but has
the Agency lead for the Printing sector.
NEPA IMPLEMENTATION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $8,845,200 and 102.1 total workyears in 1998
for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Implementation program
component.
The goal of the NEPA Implementation program component is to bring ai)out
environmental protection through full and continuous compliance with all Federal
environmental laws and requirements, as well as minimizing impacts on natural
resources.
The NEPA Implementation program component reviews environmental impacts of
proposed major Federal actions as required by the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA); §309 of the Clean Air Act; the Antarctic Science, Tourism, and
Conservation Act; and the Executive Order on environmental justice. The program
component develops policy and technical guidance on issues related to NEPA, the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) , the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and
relevant Executive Orders.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the NEPA Implementation program component will devote $3,042,500
and 39.5 total workyears to the review of major Federal actions, including
Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), Environmental Assessments (EA) and
proposed regulations.
The program component will also provide $1,209,900 and 16.8 total workyears
to working with Federal agencies to increase pollution prevention by identifying"
and either eliminating or mitigating the potential adverse environmental impacts
of proposed actions.
The NEPA Implementation program component will devote $1,774,300 and 20.5
total workyears to environmental review and technical guidance development;
developing NEPA compliance guidance; review of EPA regulatory actions for NEPA
compliance; and technical analysis of EIS review and Federal agency compliance.
In 1998, the program component will devote $2,818,500 and 25.3 total
workyears in 1998 for project monitoring and follow-up activities; ensuring
compliance with NEPA Wastewater Treatment Construction requirements. New Source
NPDES requirements under NEPA and other environmental laws; and the EIS filing,
data management and reporting activities.
From a cross-section of the above resources, the program component will
devote $480,300 and 5.7 total workyears to a targeted effort within EPA and with
other Federal agencies to strengthen policies and specific project reviews
relevant to the protection of ecological resources and the mitigation of adverse
impacts within the National Estuary geographic areas.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +0.2 FTE -5432.IK
In 1998, the NEPA Implementation program component will invest in a net
increase of 0.2 FTE to support reviews of major Federal actions. The Program
component will disinvest $116,800 in contract support from CAA §309 reviews of
other Federal agencies' proposed major policies, "plans and regulations. The
remainder of the decrease is due to a recalculation of the workforce pricing
factors.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $9,277,300 and 101.9 total workyears for
1997, for the NEPA Implementation program component.
In 1997, program component is continuing its management oversight and
technical assistance efforts under NEPA and §309 emphasizing 1) ensuring that
proposed major Federal projects adequately consider environmental justice impacts
and the prevention of significant air and water degradation; this effort is
focusing primarily on land management and highway projects which impact sensitive
ecological resources; 2) targeting high impact Federal projects (e.g., water
resources and energy related projects); 3) completing NEPA analyses and
assessments are useful to decision-makers; 4) ensuring that programs comply with
other environmental statutes such as ESA and NHPA; and 5) conducting liaison
activities such as managing EPA's Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with other
Federal agencies and management of the Agency's official EIS filing system.
The NEPA Implementation program component is providing $3,231,200 and 39.0
total workyears to the review of major Federal actions, including EISs, EAs and
proposed regulations. Examples include: Cushman Dam, New World Mine/Yellowstone
National Park, Animas/LaPlata Water Resource Project, Kingsley Dam, Missouri
River Reoperation, and Grazing Reform and Timber Harvesting issues.
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In 1997, the program component is devoting $1,246,700 and 16.8 total
workyears to continued Federal agency liaison. The Agency promotes pollution
prevention through our actions to identify and either eliminate or mitigate
potential .adverse environmental impacts of proposed Federal actions.
The NEPA Implementation program component is providing $1,808,300 and 20.8
total workyears to environmental review and technical guidance development;
developing NEPA compliance guidance; review of EPA regulatory actions for NEPA
compliance; and technical analysis of EIS review and Federal agency compliance.
The program component is devoting $2,991,100 and 25.3 total workyears to
project monitoring and follow-up activities; to ensuring compliance with NEPA's
Wastewater Treatment Construction requirements and New Source NPDES requirements
and other environmental laws; and to the EIS filing, data management and
reporting activities.
From a cross section of the above resources, the NEPA Implementation
program component is devoting $527,900 and 5.7 total workyears to a targeted
effort within EPA and with other Federal agencies to strengthen policies and
specific project reviews relevant to the protection of ecological resources and
the mitigation of adverse impacts within the National Estuary geographic areas.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
1998 PROGRAMREQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,413,500 and 11.3 total workyears for FY
1998 for the Environmental Justice program component.
The goals of the Environmental Justice program component are to: ensure the
integration of environmental justice into the Agency's programs, policies, and
activities consistent with Executive Order 12898 signed by the President on
February 11, 1994; support community's right-to-know through information
dissemination and managing the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council;
oversee the implementation of the Executive Order to bring environmental justice
to Americans who are suffering disproportionately; and, ensure that low-income
and minority communities have access to information about their environment--and
that they have an opportunity to participate in shaping the government policies
that affect their health and environment.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the National Environmental Justice program component will continue
to provide guidance and direction on environmental justice issues to the Agency's
program offices. The Program component will provide $235,200 and 4.0 total
workyears to support the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, the
Federal Advisory Committee which advitees the Administrator on environmental
problems in low income and culturally diverse communities, including impacts on
communities along the U.S. Mexico border.
The" program component will provide $2,094,900 and 2.9 total workyears to
fund grants to community organizations and to universities with community
partnerships. These grants will assist communities in addressing local
environmental concerns.
In 1998, the National Environmental Justice Program component will support
the Administrator in her role as Chair of the Interagency Working Group on
Environmental Justice. This group advises other Federal agencies and monitors
their implementation of the President's Executive Order on Environmental Justice
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(E.O, 12898). At a level of $100,000 and 2 total workyears, the Program
component will: engage, empower and educate communities at risk to prevent
environmental problems at the local level; develop an agency- wide plan to address
EPA's implementation of the requirements of the Executive Order; and, assist in
developing EPA policies and guidance on how to prevent Environmental Justice
problems in the future .
-0.1 FTE -g2,546.8K
In 3.998, the National Environmental Justice Program component will decrease
by $46,800 and 0.1 total workyears due to administrative reforms in
consolidation, automation, process improvements, and adjustments made to payroll.
The 1998 request for Small Grants to Communities and the Community-
University Partnership Grants programs .is $2,500,000 below the 1997 enacted
budget levels due to the Congressional add-on received through the appropriations
process but hot a part of the 1.997 President's Budget request.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,960,300 and 11.4 total workyears for
1997 for the National Environmental Justice Program component.
In 1997, the Program component will continue to fund the National
Environmental Justice Advisory Council with $235,200 and 4.0 total workyears.
This Council was established to ensure that the Agency receives significant input
on environmental justice issues from affected stakeholders. The 59 members
reflect a broad' constituency of stakeholders such as community-based
organizations,- business and industry; academic institutions; state, tribal and
local governments; non-governmental organizations, and environmental groups. The
six subcommittees are: Indigenous Peoples; Waste and Facility Siting; Health
and Research; Public Participation and Accountability; Enforcement; and
International .
The Program component is managing the Community Grants Program Resources
with funding of $4,500,100 and 2.9 total workyears. This program was first
established to educate communities and involve them in Federal, state and local
environmental decision-making that affects their community. In 1995, the program
was expanded to include partnerships between universities and communities under
which universities and colleges provide comprehensive technical assistance to
community groups on local environmental problems. In 1997, the President
requested funding of $2,000,000, with an additional $2,500,000 added by
Congress .
PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $50,144,800 and 415.2 total workyears for
1998 in the EPM Program Leadership and Evaluation Program component.
This Program component provides leadership and executive direction to the
national enforcement and compliance assurance program, including measuring and
evaluating program success; managing enforcement and compliance data and
enhancing public access to information; international environmental assessment
and enforcement; state program outreach and oversight; state delegation; grants,
contracts and financial management; and, strategic planning and budgeting.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Leadership, Measurement, and Evaluation - In 1998, the Program Leadership
and Evaluation Program component will provide management and support to the
national enforcement and compliance assurance program with a total of $8,190,700
and 65.8 total workyears. This includes providing executive direction to
Headquarters, Regional and Field operations; advising the Administrator on
enforcement and compliance policies and regulations; and, providing
administrative support, planning, budgeting, financial management and
communication and information management services. It includes the Senior
Resource Official responsible for the financial integrity of the program. This
Program component will also provide policy and legislative analysis, with
particular emphasis in 1998 on the Agency's new audit policy and the expansion
of disclosure and compliance agreements thereunder.
The Program component will continue to: establish measures by which to
evaluate the success of the compliance and enforcement program and to better
assess environmental impacts of new compliance activities; work with media
program offices, other OECA offices and the Regions to develop annual, media-
specific and sector program guidance for enforcement of .and compliance with
Federal environmental laws; manage enforcement and compliance data in order to
provide an integrated assessment capability and to identify targets for
compliance and enforcement initiatives; and, achieve greater efficiencies for the
media enforcement programs while enhancing our data capabilities for the new
sector and facility-oriented approaches.
The Program Leadership and Evaluation Program component will evaluate the
performance of the Regional compliance and enforcement programs in 1998 to assure
the appropriate balance is struck between implementation of new directions and
the maintenance of strong enforcement and compliance base programs. The Program
component will review Regional adherence to national policies and initiatives,
including improving relations with and capability of the States; with identifying
and effectively addressing significant noncompliance with environmental statutes;
with using sector-based approaches; and, with implementing compliance assistance
approaches.
In 1998, the program component will further refine work on environmental
indicators and electronic data collection {see 1997 Information Management
discussion program below) to allow outcome and results oriented measures of
program success, as envisioned by the Government Performance and Results Act.
The program component will continue to provide $450,000 and 5.2 total
workyears in the Federal Facilities program to support HQ and the Regions data
systems including FEDPLAN, the Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket (Section 120
CERCLA), and the E.O. 12856, Covered Facilities List. The Federal Facilities
Enforcement Program will continue to provide support to the Regions for training,
coordination and implementation of Federal Facility policies and programs;
funding for Senior Environmental Employees; and support for protocols and pilots,
Information Management, Public Access and Strategic Targeting - In 1998,
Program Leadership and Evaluation Program component will provide $10,926,500 and
98.1 total workyears to maintain, operate and provide hardware and software
improvements to Agency data systems. The program component will improve public
access to information with specialized training of EPA Regions and States, and
by establishing an Enforcement Docket, a physical and an electronic site where
the public may access policies, guidance documents and interpretations for
review. The program component will also assist facilities in setting up
electronic data submissions, provide outreach to the regulated community on
priority sectors, and work with industry associations. The program will also
continue data system enhancements begun in 1997,.
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The program component will continue strategic targeting of enforcement and
compliance assistance using risk-based approaches by devoting $380,800 and 3.2
total workyears to targeting activities. The program component will place
information obtained through these targeting approaches into spatial and
demographic context. In 1998, the Program Leadership and Evaluation program
component will improve the risk-based evaluation of aquatic systems with the
addition of information on pesticide use's impact on water bodies.
•State/Tribal Program Outreach and Oversight - The Program Leadership and
Evaluation program component will provide resources totaling $9,811,100 and 126.7
total workyears across .all media (stationary sources, hazardous waste, drinking
water, etc.) devoted to managing and overseeing the state cooperative enforcement
agreements. This program component will also build state capacity and oversee
cooperative enforcement agreements, and provide compliance monitoring and
enforcement guidance. The regional programs will continue to explore new measures
of outputs for multimedia compliance activities. In 1998 the Regions will
negotiate additional performance partnership agreements with the states to give
states greater flexibility to address their most pressing environmental
priorities.
The program component will devote $691,100 and 3.0 total workyears to
promote outreach to the states and Tribes and State-Federal partnerships,
including assisting the Regions in reviewing State Performance Partnership
Agreements. The program will use the Senior Environmental Enforcement and
Compliance Forum to promote intergovernmental cooperation. In 1998 EPA will
update the Tribal Geographic Information System to simplify the identification
of environmental hazards on tribal lands.
The Program Leadership and Evaluation program component will support
enforcement training through the National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI)
with $3,089,000 and 12.1 total workyears. NETI oversees the design of core and
specialized enforcement courses and delivery of these courses to federal, state,
local and tribal law enforcement professionals. In 1998, NETI will continue to
provide support to various law enforcement organizations who assist in training
state and local law enforcement personnel. NETI will also continue to increase
its use of distance learning technologies; delivering courses via satellite
transmission, videoconferencing, and CD-ROM. These technologies provide a
cost-effective alternative to classroom training as NETI seeks to meet the
growing demand for environmental enforcement training across the country.
The program component will also increase support to criminal enforcement
training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, GA.
with $1,768,500 and 4.4 total workyears. FLETC is operated by the Department of
Treasury and was established to train law enforcement personnel who carry
firearms. EPA has entered into an agreement with Treasury to arrange training
in environmental criminal investigations for state, local and tribal law
enforcement professionals as well as EPA criminal enforcement staff. This
arrangement provides one of the few opportunities in the country for this highly
specialized training. ;
In 1998, the program component will direct an additional $1,000,000 to
FLETC to support the President's "Kalamazoo Environmental Crimes and Enforcement
proposal to meet the urgent need expressed by state, local, and tribal officials
for additional Federal training in the safe and effective investigation of
environmental crimes.
New Legislation - The program component' requests a total $105,800 and 1.5
total workyears to support new provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. These resources will help
EPA meet the data entry and quality assurance requirements of the new laws.
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International Enforcement - The Program Leadership and Evaluation program
component requests a total of $1,58.3,200 and 5.4 total workyears for 1998
International Enforcement and Compliance activities, in order to fulfill the
Nation's commitments under the National Environmental Policy Act (NSPA) , EPA's
environmental laws, legislation implementing the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) , other international trade and environmental agreements and
treaties, such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) , and other
international commitments .
The program will support the Administration's commitment to a
hemisphere-wide Partnership for Pollution Prevention in the Americas, and other
Administration commitments in keys areas, such as South Africa and Egypt. It
will continue to support environmental assessments of trade agreements and
provide enforcement and environmental assessment capacity building and technical
assistance for developing nations and Eastern European Countries. In 1598, EPA
will co-sponsor the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Compliance
and Enforcement, and continue to build networks of compliance and enforcement
officials.
The program component will devote 3.0 total workyears and $938,600 for
NAFTA (North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation) and Mexican
Border enforcement activities. The program will focus on the Mexican Border to
protect the shared border environment (particularly the Maquiladors and Colonias
areas) . It will fulfill the U.S. commitments under the North American Commission
for Environmental Cooperation with Canada and Mexico, with focus pn the control
of CFCs and persistent toxic chemicals . It will continue to develop
sophisticated compliance monitoring tools (such as the Binational Hazardous Waste
Tracking System) , promote industry leadership in voluntary compliance and
self -audit ing, and build community- based environmental protection partnerships.
OF CHANGE; +2 . 9 FTE +S4 , 922.5K
In 1998, the Program Leadership and Evaluation program component requests
additional resources of 2.5 workyears and $1,000,000 for the Administration's
Right- to-Know initiative. This will allow the Agency to expand the water' quality
community-right-to-know project begun in 1996 to include compliance and
enforcement information .
The Agency requests an increase of $40,200 and 0.5 total workyears for the
data entry and quality assurance requirements of the new Food Quality Protection
Act of 1995.
The program component requests an increase of SI. 000, 000 for environmental
criminal investigations training for state and local law enforcement
professionals. This investment responds directly to the urgent need expressed
by state, local, and tribal officials and is in keeping with the President's
Kalamazoo Environmental Crimes and Enforcement proposal . A net increase of
$683,000 in NETI's training course design and delivery resources represents a
partial restoration to the base funding level for this program.
The Agency requests an increase of $400,000 in Headquarters resources in
information management. By September 30, 1997, the Agency is required to have
a strategic plan 'which links management and resource decisions. The additional
monies will fund information management system changes and enhancements for
tracking enforcement and compliance performance measures. Activities included
in this initiative are facility profiles, workload model development, developing
computerized capability for Regional and Headquarters sharing of databases, and
expanding EPA's ability to target and measure success/compliance history on a
corporate basis .
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Other changes are due to administrative reforms in consolidation,
automation, and process improvements.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $45,222,300 and 412.3 total workyears in
the Program Leadership and Evaluation Program component. Major activities within
this program component are:
Leadership, Measurement and Evaluation - This program component provides
management and support to the national enforcement and compliance assurance
program with resources of $8,142,300 and 65.8 total workyears.
In response to the Presidential Regulatory Reinvention Initiative, the
program is evaluating the performance of the compliance and enforcement programs
in the Regions to assure the implementation of new directions as well as the
maintenance of strong enforcement and compliance base programs.
In 1997, the program component is completing the first 2-year cycle of the
enforcement and compliance Regional Memorandum of Agreement(MOA) process. The
MOAs between Headquarters and the Regions are the first comprehensive, unified
planning process for the entire spectrum of EPA's enforcement and compliance
assurance priorities. Using risk-based targeting methodologies, the MOAs
establish the Agency's national and regional enforcement and compliance
priorities in three key areas: community-based activities, industry sector-based
activities, and media-specific priorities (air> water, etc.).
In 1997, the program component is establishing long-range and annual goals
as a critical step in implementing GPRA.
Information Management, Public Access and Strategic Targeting - Resources
devoted to information management within this program component are $9,449,973
and 95.6 total workyears in 1997. Also, under this program component, $351,327
and 2.3 total workyears are devoted to public access activities and '$380,800 and
3.2 total workyears are devoted to strategic targeting.
1997 is the first full year of EPA's implementation of an Electronic Data
Interchange for wastewater discharge data. The program component will train EPA
Regions and States, assist the Regions/States in setting up facilities for
electronic data submissions, conduct outreach to the regulated community, and
work with industry associations. Electronic submittal will enhance data quality
and lower costs for regulated facilities and for State and EPA data entry.
The Agency is beginning a major redesign and modernization of the 10 year
old Permit Compliance System. This will include completing a comprehensive user
requirements analysis involving the States, EPA Regions and several Headquarters
offices, and the formulation of initial designs for a new, more efficient system
using a graphical user interface. s
Also in 1997, the program component is establishing windows-based
interactive capabilities on the internet. This will allow the public to request
and receive multi-media compliance and enforcement information for facilities in
their geographic location using the Integrated Data for Enforcement Analysis
(IDEA) system. EPA will further develop the Enviro$en$e system, the enforcement
and compliance program's link to Earth One, EPA's electronic home page.
The Program Leadership and Evaluation program component is publishing a
regulation which will provide for a Key Identifier for each regulated facility.
This will eliminate EPA's current difficulty in accurately linking information
in media databases for a specific facility and will allow us to provide the
public with a multimedia picture of individual facilities. The program is also
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working to increase the public's ability to locate information, within the EPA by
implementing the Government Information Locator System.
The program component is also developing environmental indicators which
illustrate the end results of compliance and enforcement activities and are key
to strategic targeting. This information will supplement the Agency's historic
reliance on case activity indicators and move the enforcement and compliance
assurance program further toward the results orientated continuum envisioned by
GPRA. The data EPA will collect includes the amounts and types of pollution
reduced and/or avoided by enforcement and compliance actions. The program will
also develop compliance profiles for priority industrial sectors, geographic
areas, pollutants, and corporations.
State/Tribal Program Outreach and Oversight - Resources for State outreach
and oversight in 1997 are $9,389,000 and 129.7 total workyears. The program
component is using these resources to manage and oversee State cooperative
agreements and to negotiate new performance partnership agreements. These
resources are also being used to strengthen the program's relationship with state
and tribal enforcement authorities through their increased involvement in the
program's enforcement planning, priority setting and policy development. These
resources also support the coordination of the Performance Partnership Agreement
process for enforcement and compliance which will result in about 30 EPA/State
agreements in 1997,
The Program Leadership -and Evaluation program component is supporting
enforcement training through the National Enforcement Training Institute {NETI}
with $2,300,500 .and 12.1 total workyears. NETI oversees the design of core and
specialized enforcement courses and delivery of these courses to federal, state,
local and tribal law enforcement professional. Traditional training methods are
coupled with distance learning methods to reach as large an audience as possible.
The Program Leadership and Evaluation program component is supporting
criminal enforcement training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
(FLETC) with $747,200 and 4.4 total workyears. EPA has entered into an agreement
with Treasury to provide training at FLETC in environmental criminal
investigations for state, local and tribal law enforcement professionals as well
as EPA criminal enforcement staff.
New Legislation - -The Agency budgets a. total $65,600 and 1.0 total
workyears to support new provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) . These
resources will help EPA meet the data entry and quality assurance requirements
of this new law.
International Enforcement - The Agency's 1997 budget is a total of
$1,547,700 and 5.4 total workyears for International Enforcement and Compliance.
The Program component is fulfilling the Nation's commitments under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), EPA's environmental laws, legislation
implementing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , and other
international trade and environmental agreements and treaties, such as the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (G&TT), and other international
commitments.
The program component is devoting $1,103,600 and 3.6 total workyears for
NAFTA (North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation) and Mexican
Border activities. The program component focusing on the Mexican Border to
protect the shared border environment (particularly the Maquiladora and Colonias
areas) . The program component is fulfilling the U.S. commitments under the North
American Commission for Environmental Cooperation with Canada and Mexico, with
focus on the control of CFCs and persistent toxic chemicals. The program
component is developing sophisticated compliance monitoring tools {such as the
Binational Hazardous Waste Tracking System), promotes industry leadership in
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voluntary compliance and self-auditing, and builds community-based environmental
protection partnerships.
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY99 PRESIDEHT'S BODGET
PROGRAMS AND
PROGRAM COMPOHENT
GENERAL COUNSEL
HEM StiMMAKZ: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
EY 1996
OE ELAN
FY 1997
EBBS. BOD.
BT 1997
IT 1998
BOD. BBQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
media legal ranonnws
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
non-media
TOTAL DOLLARS
Management and Program Support
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
.3,780.2
168.4
5,152.2
63.2
4,989.5
42.4
14,922.5
178.2
6,150.0
72.6
6,381.5
39,4
15,435.3
180.4
6,249.5
72.6
5,869.0
39.4
18,163.7
201.2
6,443.3
71.3
5,878.7
37.0
2,728.4
20. B
193. 8
-1.3
9.7
-2.4
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS: 23,921.9 27,454.0 27,553.8 30,485.7 2,931.9
RE 274.0 290.2 292.4 309.5 17,1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $30,485,700 and 309.5 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Program and Management Account for the Office of
General Counsel (OGC).
The resources requested for the Office of General Counsel support both the
OGC at Headquarters and the Offices of Regional Counsel (ORCs) in the EPA
regional offices. These resources support activities associated with the OGC and
ORCs mission of providing legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy, and
developing and implementing legal strategies to carry out the policies set by the
Administrator, within the framework of the law.
These activities include: identifying the full range of alternatives
legally available to policy makers at all levels, and the legal and policy
implications of those alternatives; recommending alternatives that take full
advantage of EPA's legal authority to effectuate the mission of the Agency;
participating during the development of regulations by reviewing legal
sufficiency and consistency; providing legal advice and analysis concerning state
or tribal program applications; and participating in the development,
negotiation, and implementation of international agreements.
The OGC and the ORCs represent the Agency in lawsuits in which the Agency
is sued. Most of these lawsuits are closely tied to the performance of the
Agency's mission. For example, suits to compel Agency action to promulgate a
regulation or suits to challenge an action the Agency has taken, such as approval
of a state program. Due to the highly technical nature of EPA cases, EPA lawyers
have historically played an active, co-equal role with the Department of Justice
(DOJ) , a role recognized in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between DOJ and
EPA. OGC and the ORCs provide extensive technical assistance interpreting legal
issues regarding existing regulations and state and tribal programs to EPA
program offices, the Regions, states, tribes, and outside parties.
OGC and the ORCs provide legal support to all of the Agency's operations.
This applies not only to environmental statutes but to all other requirements and
laws applicable to the operation of the Agency. This includes support to
procurement, extramural funding agreements, personnel law, property, ethics, the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and the Inspector General Act.
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OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
o OGG will provide legal counsel support for all Agency EPM activities,
including both environmental actions and all other activities necessary
for the operation of the Agency
o Provide legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy
o Develop and implement legal strategies to carry out
policies set by the Administrator, within the framework of
the law
o - Participate in the development of regulations '
o Assist in regulatory program implementation activities
o Provides support to state and tribal programs
o Conduct defensive litigation
o Draft and review legal documents
o Conduct or participate in administrative hearings and actions
o Provide FOIA advice and conduct EPA's FOIA appeals decision process
o Manage the EPA Ethics program
o Provide support for general and information law issues, such as grants,
cooperative agreements, interagency agreements, procurements, personnel,
and information and intellectual property law
1997
o OGC will provide legal counsel support for all Agency EPM activities,
including both environmental actions and all other activities necessary
for the operation of the Agency
o Provide legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy
o Develop and implement legal strategies to carry out
policies set 'by the Administrator, within the framework of
the law
o Participate in the development of regulations
o Assist in regulatory program implementation activities
o Provides support to state and tribal programs
o Conduct defensive litigation
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o Draft and review legal documents
o Conduct or participate in administrative hearings and actions
o Provide POIA advice and conduct EPA's FOIA appeals decision process
o Manage the EPA Ethics program
o Provide support for general and information law issues, such as grants,
cooperative agreements, interagency agreements, procurements, personnel,
and information .and intellectual property law
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MEDIA UBSM. RESOURCES - EPM
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $18,163,700 and 201.2 total workyears in
1998 for the Media Legal Resources-EPM program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The major activities within this program component are: Clean Surface
Water with a request of $3,665,100 and 40.9 total workyears; Clean Air with a
request of $5,429,900 and 61.4 total workyears; Safe Drinking Water with a
request of $1,192,400 and 13.2 total workyears; Safe Food with a request of
$1,055,000 and 11.2 total workyears; Prevention of Wastes with a request of
$2,750,300 and 29.9 total workyears; Ecological Protection with a request of
$1,552,900 and 17.2 total workyears; and Cleanup of Contaminated Sites with a
request of $874,700 and 10.0 total workyears.
Support to TMDL Initiative - The OGC is requesting an increase of $671,400
and 7.7 total workyears to support Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA)
which requires the states to list waters that do not meet water quality standards
and to develop total maximum daily loads (TMDLS) for those pollutants in the
listed waters, as necessary to meet state water quality standards. EPA is
required to approve or disapprove a'state's lists and TMDLs. If EPA disapproves
a state's list or TMDL, EPA is required within 30 days to develop the list for
the state and develop such TMDLs as are necessary to implement the water quality
standards applicable to such waters. If EPA does not act in a timely manner,
citizens can bring an action in district court to enforce this duty. Courts also
have construed a state's failure to timely submit TMDLs as a constructive
submission of "no" TMDLs, which gives rise to the Agency's duty to act. In
addition, citizens can challenge EPA's approval of any state list and TMDL for
EPA's promulgation of a list or TMDL if they believe they are inadequate and that
EPA's action was arbitrary and capricious.
State action to satisfy the requirements of section 303 (d) of the CWA has
been very slow, in recent years, environmental citizens groups have resorted to
the courts to enforce the mandate in this section. At the present time, the
Agency is under court supervision to establish TMDLs in three states (Alaska,
Georgia, and Oregon) and is also currently handling fifteen active lawsuits
seeking to put the Agency under court order to supervise the 303{d) program in
fifteen states arid to prepare lists and/or TMDLs if the states do not do so.
These lawsuits raise complex legal and factual issues and significantly affect
our relationship with our state partners. The OGC is actively pursuing settlement
of many of these cases and expects the Agency to be under court order to take
these actions in 1998 (and for many years beyond).
The addition of 7.7 total workyears will greatly enhance EPA's ability to
provide legal support and counsel to the Headquarters and regional programs and
to adequately defend its actions in federal court.
Tribal Issue - OGC is requesting an increase of $373,200 and 4.2 total
workyears to provide increased legal support for Tribal environmental programs.
The Agency is moving aggressively to develop the legal infrastructure that will
enable EPA to authorize Tribes to administer' the majority of EPA environmental
programs including programs under the Clean Air Act (CAA), Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) , CWA and the Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA) . For example,
within the next 12-18 months the Agency expects to promulgate rules that will
enable Tribes to be authorized to implement several CAA programs, including the
Title V programs.
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Increased OGC legal support in 1998 is needed for defense of regulations
authorizing Tribal environmental programs. Because some states, local
governments, and non-Indian landowners oppose EPA's approval of Tribal
environmental programs, the Agency expects major, court challenges in 1998 to the
Tribal authorization rules for CAR programs. These will be complex cases, raising
difficult and novel interpretive issues under EPA statutes, as well as under
Indian law.
OGC needs to invest in the review of applications for Tribal environmental
programs. As a result of EPA's efforts to build Tribal capacity, there has been
an unprecedented increase in the number of applications for approval of Tribal
environmental programs and the number of approved programs. These increases took
place before EPA significantly expanded its Tribal grant program or issued its
Tribal authorization rules under the CAA. Increases in applications and
program approvals during 1997 and 1998 are likely to be even higher.
Applications for EPA approval of Tribal environmental programs frequently
raise complex and precedent-setting legal questions, particularly concerning a
Tribe's jurisdiction over lands owned by non-Indians. Because the law in these
areas is complex, EPA needs to be particularly careful in reviewing Tribal
applications for legal sufficiency and crafting the legal rationale for its
decisions on these applications. If, as EPA predicts, there is a significant
increase in applications for Tribal programs in 1998, additional OGC resources
will be needed to help provide a thorough legal review of applications and
provide the necessary legal justification for EPA decisions on particular program
applications.
OGC will be required to defend EPA decisions on Tribal program
applications. As noted above, some states, local governments, and non-Indian
landowners oppose EPA's approval of Tribal environmental programs. As a result,
EPA decisions to approve particular Tribal programs are challenged much more
frequently than decisions to approve state programs. Because EPA's rate of
approval of Tribal programs is increasing, litigation on Tribal programs is also
increasing. In addition OGC will likely be required to craft and defend EPA
decisions on State applications to implement programs in Indian country.
Finally, OGC will need to provide legal assistance in the development and
possibly defense of regulations for EPA's direct implementation of environmental
programs in Indian country.
Urban Air Quality - OGC is requesting an increase of $184,400 and .2.0 total
workyears and to provide the legal support required to implement programs to
improve urban air quality in 1998. These additional resources would support the
additional rulemaking, policy development, and litigation associated with
implementation of any new'or revised national ambient air quality standards
(NAAQS) for ozone and particulate matter (PM), as well as national emissions
standards for mobile sources contributing to violations of the NAAQS for these
pollutants.
Each of these programs will directly further the Agency's priority of
implementing more holistic approaches to improving and maintaining air quality
in urban areas. With regard to the NAAQS, EPA is now exploring innovative ways
of integrating its currently separate programs for achieving the PM and ozone
NAAQS to attack urban air pollution more cost-effectively. OGC expects that in
1998 it will need to provide legal support to a host of new rulemakings (and
resulting litigation) applicable to mobile sources contributing to high
concentrations of ozone and PM in urban areas,. This includes the new rulemakings
to tighten the standards for heavy-duty vehicles and various categories of
nonroad mobile sources, and the determination whether to create Tier 2 standards
for light-duty vehicles.
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Implementation of the amended Safe Drinking Water Act - OGC is requesting
an increase of $131,000 and 1.5 total workyears to support the development and
implementation of significant new regulatory and implementation activities
associated with the amended SDWA. Substantial OGC resources will 'be needed to
advise the Office of Water, the OECA, and others concerning their new
responsibilities under the amended SDWA. OGC will be participating in workgroups
which will develop the guidance and standards required under the amended Act and
help draft and review the guidance documents and standards, and the supporting
administrative record to ensure their legal defensibility. Specific activities
include the revised maximum contaminant level {MCL} program, under which EPA must
publish an initial list of contaminants that may require regulation by February
1998; rules on consumer confidence reporting by August 1998; and continued
rulemaking development at an accelerated pace on Microbial Disinfectants and
Byproducts (M/DBP) and radon. The amended SDWA requires the first two
rulemakings of the M/DBP cluster of rules to be published by late 1998 and the
proposed radon rule due by mid-1999.
A significant factor that will affect the amount of legal counseling
resources necessary for many of these rulemakings is that the new SDWA requires
these rulemakings to meet new criteria concerning cost/benefit analysis, health
assessment, and risk characterization. For example, the statute now requires
that EPA use the best available peer reviewed data and science to carry out any
science-related requirements under the Act. As a result, to ensure the legal
defensibility of these new rules, OGC will need to spend considerable additional
time preparing, reviewing, and editing the scientific documents supporting the
rule and reviewing the process by which those documents were prepared.
OGC will also need to provide legal counsel to the Agency to address
changes to the enforcement program as a result of the SDWA amendments, including:
new federal facility enforcement authority; changes in administrative enforcement
procedures; and new defenses to enforcement action for consolidating water
systems. The ORCs will need to provide legal review of variances and exemptions
fo'r Indian lands and small systems, and applications for approval of state source
water assessment programs.
Under the SDWA prior to amendment, much of the program was being
administered under the supervision of a district court as a result of citizen
suits brought to enforce the requirements of the law. There are over 70
deadlines for EPA action under the amended SDWA, many of which occur before the
end of 1998. Where EPA fails to meet a deadline and a citizen brings suit, OGC
resources are necessary to defend litigation and take such actions as draft
briefs and affidavits, negotiate and draft settlement agreements, obtain
intra/inter-Agency approval of settlement documents and file periodic court
reports.
OGC will provide support for the implementation of new financial assistance
programs, particularly the establishment of a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(SRF) . Under the program, EPA will award capitalization grants for SRFs to
provide assistance to water systems to Achieve or maintain compliance with SDWA
requirements and to protect the public health. OGC will support the development
of required guidance and regulations to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse, and to
ensure efficient use of the .SDWA grant funds. OGC and the ORCs will work with
the states as they attempt to establish the authorities and structures to take
advantage of the opportunities to fund important new environmental protection
programs.
Implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 - OGC is
requesting an increase of $282,700 and 3.0 total workyears to support development
and implementation of significant new regulatory programs associated with the
Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) . OGC will provide legal support to
the program as they design the structure and functions of the new regulatory
programs mandated by FQPA. OGC will: participate extensively in workgroups,
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providing advice on the requirements of the law; evaluate the legal defensibility
of policy options under consideration,- ascertain legal risks, support the
development of rules, licensing actions, and other Agency actions; and provide
a vigorous defense of any of these actions that are challenged in court.
Litigation is likely to result from the new deadlines requirements established
by FQPA.
EPA currently has over 9,000 existing pesticide tolerances, and, prior to
FQPA, OGC was supporting 60-80 tolerance rules yearly. Under the tolerance
reevaluation program required by FQPA, this will rise to at least 350 tolerance
rules per year, and EPA will be required to issue tolerances for the
approximately 300 emergency exemptions it issues each year. New risk standards
which apply to the all 9,000 tolerances are likely to result in more frequent
decisions to regulate, deny, or revoke registrations and tolerances, which will
likely result in further litigation. Similarly, OGC will provide significant
legal support to the required review of pesticide registrations. New risk
standards apply to all 20,000 pesticide registrations which must now be reviewed
every is years.
The Agency must establish a minor use program intended to expedite review
of minor use applications and establish deadlines for completing review of
applications. The Act makes failure to meet these deadlines judicially
reviewable. OGC will provide legal support for the development of this program.
OGC expects to provide support to the program for screening and evaluating
the risk of pesticides implicated as endocrine disrupters; for the review of
applications for registration of antimicrobial products; and for expanding
information available to the consumer on the risks and benefits of pesticides.
Expanded Right to Know Activities - OGC is requesting an increase of
$94,200 and 1.0 total workyears to support the community right-to-know and
pollution prevention activities in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
(OPPT).
EPA has seen a very significant return from investing in an expanding
program of community right-to-know and pollution prevention. At the core of this
program is the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting under section 313 of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and section 6607 of
the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) , EPA has recently expanded the number of
toxic chemicals subject to reporting and proposed a rule to expand the facilities
subject to reporting. OPPT has also recently published an advance notice of
proposed rulemaking for the expansion of the type of information reported to EPA
and made available to the public. OPPT has been looking broadly at authority
under EPCRA, PPA, and TSCA to obtain such additional information. OGC support
is essential to the completion of these efforts.
In addition, OPPT will be completing its efforts to develop regulations
implementing PPA section 6607 and redesigning the TRI reporting form, OPPT also
intends to initiate rulemaking to add persistent bioaccumulators {including
certain 'endocrine disrupters) to the TRi list, and to .lower reporting thresholds
for these chemicals. Finally, EPA has committed publicly to review the original
list of TRI chemicals Congress included when it enacted EPCRA to determine
whether those chemicals should remain on the list. Once that review is complete,
OPPT will initiate rulemaking to delist ineligible chemicals. Before doing this,
however, OPPT will need to complete its draft guidelines -for EPCRA section 313
hazard criteria. Because of the relative "youth" of the TRI program, each new
initiative raises new statutory interpretation and other legal issues that
require OGC involvement. Because TRI reporting is very controversial, each
rulemaking carries with it a high likelihood of litigation.
One challenge to EPA's EPCRA section 313 chemical- expansion rule was
successfully defended in lower court; however, industry is currently appealing
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the decision. A second challenge to the rule is being litigated in another
court. Industry has threatened to challenge the facility expansion rule when it
is issued in final form in early 1997. Other efforts to expand reporting under
EPCRA, PPA, and TSCA will very likely be challenged. It is very important that
EPA develop the best possible analyses and arguments to support its legal
authority, and mount the best possible defense of these efforts.
In the area of pollution prevention, OPPT and other parts of EPA are
•undertaking a number of voluntary, non-regulatory pollution prevention efforts.
These have great potential to reduce pollution and demonstrate the value of
alternatives to current environmental regulations. Generally OGC has not had the
resources to staff these non-regulatory efforts. However, it is clear from the
experience of the Common Sense Initiative and Project XL that OGC can bring a
very valuable perspective to these efforts and contribute to their success.
In addition, there is a right-to-know component in FQPA, requiring that EPA
develop, for distribution in grocery stores, a publication providing consumers
with certain information concerning the risks of pesticides in food. A number
of interested parties across the spectrum have expressed considerable interest
in the development of the publication. OGC resources will likely be involved in
the development of the publication and in resolving any controversies (and
dealing with any litigation) that may result.
EXPLANATION JQF CHftW<3EjL *_2_0_.JL FTE + S2.728.4K
The OGC is requesting: an increase of $671,400 and 7.7 total workyears for
support to the CWA Section 303{d) requirements for TMDLs, including a very active
litigation docket; an increase of $373,200 and 4.2 total workyears for support
for Tribal environmental programs; an increase of $184,400 and 2.0 total
workyears for support to implementation of Agency programs to improve urban air
quality; an increase of $131,100 and 1.5 total workyears for implementation of
the amended SDWA; and an increase of $282,700 and 3.0 total workyears for
implementation of the FQPA. Increased personnel cost rates also contribute
$861,500 to the increase in funds requested.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $15,435,300 and 180.4 total workyears for
the Media Legal Resources-EPM program component. Major activities within this
program component are Clean Surface Water with an allocation of $2,658,900 and
3.1.2 total workyears, Clean Air with an allocation of $4,798,300 and 57.2 total
workyears. Safe Drinking Water with an allocation of $969,700 and 11.3 total
workyears, Safe Food with an allocation of $694,200 and 7.8 total workyears,
Prevention of Wastes with an allocation of $2,497,600 and 28.7 total workyears,
Ecological Protection with an allocation of $1,455,400 and 17.0 total workyears,
and Clean-up of Contaminated Sites with an allocation of $814,600 and 9.8 total
workyears.
Clean Water - OGC and the ORCs together provide comprehensive legal support
on water issues. Activities include: water quality standards; Great Lakes
rulemaking; effluent guidelines; non-point sources; NPDES permit issue resolution
and rulemaking; permit appeals; and defensive litigation.
Clean Air - OGC and the ORCs provide a broad range of legal support for the
various aspects of the clean air program. OGC performs legal activities with
respect to NAAQS, SIPS, NSPS, and all mobile and stationary source pollution
controls. The ORCS focus on drafting and reviewing legal documents concerning
completeness determinations, and counseling of states on approved programs to
implement the operating permit regulation. Both OGC and" the ORC work on a
substantial defensive litigation docket.
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Safe Drinking Water - OGC provides legal support to the development and
implementation of significant new regulatory and implementation activities
associated with the amended SDWA. OGC participates in workgroups which will
develop the guidance and standards required under the amended Act, and will help
draft and review the guidance documents and standards, and the supporting
administrative record, to ensure their legal defensibility. OGG also will
provide legal counsel to the Agency to address changes to the enforcement program
as a result of the SDWA amendments, including new federal facility enforcement
authority, changes in administrative enforcement procedures, and new defenses to
enforcement action for consolidating water systems. The ORCs provide legal
review of variances and exemptions for Indian lands and small systems, and
applications for approval of State source water assessment programs.
Safe Food - OGC is the sole provider of legal counseling for the Office of
Pesticide Programs {OPP) on regulatory matters arising under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), FQPA, and the Federal Food
and Drug Control Act (FFDCA). OGC provides legal services concerning all phases
of the registration process, including granting of experimental use permits,
tolerances, and conditional registrations. Registration also raises legal issues
concerning labeling requirements and classification. Significant legal resources
are devoted to the specific labeling requirements such as Worker Protection
Standards and Groundwater Requirements. The regulation of existing registrations
generates a great deal of legal work including issues concerning data
requirements, data compensation, handling of confidential data, interpretation
of labeling, fees, certified applicator requirements, storage and disposal, and
reporting requirements, OGC is deeply involved in the pesticide review processes
for registered products such as reregistration, tolerance reevaluation and
special review. OGC assists in the drafting of all rules and major policy
documents and provides extensive counseling services for these documents. OGC
has and will continue to provide assistance and counseling to OPP relating to the
implementation of the new programs and requirements imposed by FQPA. OGC assists
DOJ in defensive litigation arising under various statutes such as: FIFRA, FFDCA,
the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and FQPA. OGC also provides counseling to OECA
on matters relating to interpretation of FIFRA/ FFDCA, and FQPA.
Prevention of Wastes and Harmful Chemical Releases - OGC provides legal
support to the air toxics program and activities related to radioactive wastes
and uranium mill tailings. OGC conducts reviews and interprets RCRA regulations
and guidance, and conducts RCRA defensive and appellate litigation. OGC provides
advice to: Regions on individual RCRA permits and RCRA enforcement; lead waste
issues; pollution prevention projects; and, significantly, on dioxin in waste
issues. Air toxics activities include support to CAA Section 112 and the
promulgation of Maximum Achievable Technology Standards. Other activities
include the TSCA Section 4 test rule on hazardous air pollutants and
trans-boundary activities.
Ecological 'Protection - OGC and the ORCs support the Agency's Community-
based Environmental Protection activities, interagency ecosystem management
cooperation, and EPA implementation of the ESA. Other ecologically oriented
legal work includes water quality, wetlands, National Estuary Program, ocean
dumping, oil pollution, and pesticides issues. OGC's International Environmental
Law Office covers biodiversity "conservation, population, oceans, land-based
sources of marine pollution, forests, and desert issues, among other things.
Cleanup of Contaminated Sites - OGC supports RCRA corrective action
regulations and guidance and provides advice to Regions on individual corrective
action permits and orders, PCS disposal issues, and lead-based paint and lead
contaminated soils under TSCA Title IV. The ORCs provide legal support for
permits and clean-up activities under RCRA 3008(h).
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LEGAL RESOURCES -
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $6,443,300 and 71.3 total workyears in 1998
for the Non-Media Legal Resources-EPM.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the financial services
legal support with a request of $4,760,500 and 52.6 total workyears, and human
resources legal support with a request of $1,159,500 and 1.3.1 workyears. The
base programs supported are the same in 1997 and 1998 .
EXPLANATION OF CHMTSEr -1.3 FTE +$193 ...8K
Resources for financial services legal support at Headquarters are reduced
by 1.3 total workyears as part of the Agency's administrative reform to the
contracts area. This will reduce legal counseling and support services that OGC
attorneys provide to client offices, principally procurement services. Increased
personnel cost rates result in an increase of $193,800.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $6,249,500 and 72.6 total workyears for
the Non-Media Legal Resources-EPM program component. Major activities within
this program component are financial services legal support with an allocation
of $4,643,800 and 53.9 total workyears, and human resources legal support with
an allocation of $1,102,800 and 13 .,1 total workyears.
OGC and the ORCs provide legal support to all of the Agency's operations
to ensure that they are conducted within the framework of the law. This applies
not only to environmental statutes but to all other requirements and laws
applicable to the operation of the Agency. This includes support to procurement,
extramural funding agreements, personnel law, property, ethics, FOIA, and the
Inspector General Act.
This program component presents the non-media legal support activities that
enable OGC and the ORCs to carry out their mission of providing legal advice in
the formulation of Agency policy, and developing and implementing legal
strategies to carry out the policies set by the Administrator, within the
framework of the law. That includes: identifying the full range of alternatives
legally available to policy makers at all levels and the legal and policy
implications of those alternatives; recommending alternatives that take full
advantage of EPA's legal authority to, effectuate the mission of the Agency;
participating during the development of regulations by reviewing legal
sufficiency and consistency; and providing legal advice and analysis.
The OGC and the ORCs represent the Agency in lawsuits in which the Agency
is sued. OGC and the ORCs provide extensive technical assistance interpreting
legal issues regarding existing Federal programs, regulations, and statutes to
EPA program offices, the Regions , states, Tribes, and outside parties.
OGC provides financial services legal support to: contracting, both during
the acquisition phase and the contract administration phase; claims by and
against the Federal government; financial management concerns; issues related to
grants, cooperative agreements, interagency agreements/ and other instruments;
appropriations law issues,- and general financial management matters.
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The OGC's Inspector General Division provides: legal support; statutory
and regulatory interpretation; advocacy; and litigation services in support of
the audits and investigations performed by, or on behalf of, the Office of
Inspector General.
OGC provides the Agency with legal services with respect to general and
information law issues. The information law issues supported include the FOIA,
the Privacy Act, confidential business information, patents,- trademarks,
copyright law, the Federal Technology Transfer Act, and the formal resolution of
FOIA appeals, OGC runs the Ethics and Standards of Conduct program for the entire
Agency,
OGC provides counseling, advice, litigation support, and related legal
services in support of the Agency's human resources programs. OGC lawyers
provide legal advice and counseling to EPA officials, managers and employees on
personnel actions and decisions, complaints of employment discrimination, and
activities in labor-management relations and labor-management partnerships. OGC
lawyers also provide representation for EPA in administrative hearings before the
Merit Systems Protection Board, Office of Special Counsel, the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission, U.S". Department of Labor, the Federal Labor Relations
Authority, and before neutral third-party arbitrators in grievances.
Executive Order (EO) 12871 has increased EPA's need for legal counsel and
advice on implementing Labor-Management Partnerships by requiring Agency
management to treat unions and employees as partners with managers in seeking
solutions to reinvent government. This 1O further expands the items over which
agencies and unions may conduct collective bargaining negotiations. Additionally,
it requires training for managers, employees, and union officials on implementing
partnerships, interest based bargaining, and alternative dispute resolution in
employment.
MMTAGBMENT AMP PROGRAM SUPPORT - EPM
199JFROGRpa REOOEST
The Agency requests a total $5,878,700 and 37.0 total workyears in 1998 for
the Management and Program Support-EPM program component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the operating support
and travel funds of OGC and the ORCs with a request of $2,170,200, LEXIS legal
research with a request of $640,200, and management and support with a request
of $3,068,300 and 37.0 total workyears. This program component presents the
management and program support functions and services which support the OGC and
ORC. These functions include senior management direction and oversight and
program support services (such as ' planning, budgeting, accountability,
information management, human resources, travel, and LEXIS).
. ' OGC has, for a number of years, provided access to automated legal research
via LEXIS. While this capacity has always been a feature of OGC's budget, the
service is provided to all Agency attorneys, nationwide. LEXIS is available to
not only OGC, but to the staff of the ORCs, QECA, the Administrative Law Judges,
and the Environmental Appeals Boards.
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EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; - 2.4 FTE + $g.7K
This program component is reduced by 2.4 total workyears, 1.6 total
workyears from Headquarters and 0.8 total workyears from the ORCs. These
decreases in total workyears reflect reductions related to office automation of
forms, correspondence, and the Agency's time and attendance process. In addition,
OGC intends to reduce duplication in the Agency's information resources
management (IRM) by eliminating its maintenance of a central docket of
litigation, relying instead on an existing DOJ docket. Increased personnel cost
rates contribute to an increase of $9,700.
1997PRQ6RAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,869,000 and 39.4 total workyears for
the Management and Program Support-EPM program component. Major activities
within this program component are the operating support and travel funds of OGC
and the ORCs with an allocation of $2,173,500, LEXIS legal research with a
request of $627,200, and management and support with an allocation of $3,068,300
and 39.4 total workyears.
The base program activities are management and support functions and
services. This includes senior management direction and oversight and program
support services (such as planning, budgeting, accountability, IRM, human
resources, travel, and LEXIS) . "The base program activities are the same in 1997
and 1998.
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UNITED STATES ENVIROKMENTAI. PROTECTION AQENCY
EY98 PRESIDENT' '3 BUDGET
EHVIRDHMEHTAL PROGRAMS AMD MAHAGH4ENT
PROGRAM COMPOHEHT
HEM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPOHEHT
(dollars in thousands)
FT 1996
Of ELAH
EY 1997
PKES. BOD.
ITf 1997
ENACTED
1998
D. REQ.
98 - 97
AA
ACTIVITIES
Environmental Technology Initiative
TOTAL DOLLARS
EXES
Management and Program Support
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
U.5.-Bordcu: Pxogxaraa
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
International Eartnarsliips
TOTAL DOLLARS
ITBS
Global and Regional Envir. Risk Redaction
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTKS
EHVTROHMEMTAL PROGRAMS AND MAllAGEMEHT
TOUffl DOLLARS:
FTE
194.5
2.5
1,362.6
6.5
8,623.0
18.4
4,102.5
26.9
.on
3,049.3
22.8
.7,331.9
77.1
4,507.8
2.5
1,720.8
11.0
10,499.5
21.6
3,426.5
29.2
2,475.1
22.8
22,629.7
87.1
207.8
2.5
1,706.8
11.0
7,608.6
21.4
3,980.1
26.7
2,654.2
22.8
16,157.5
84.4
222.8
2.5
1,638.8
10.2
7,788.0
21.6
2,920.0
29.2
4,468.2
25. B
17, 037. B
89.3
15.0
0.0
-68.0
-0.8
179.4
0.2
-1,060.1
2.5
1,814.0
3.0
880.3
4.9
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF IHTEBWATION&L ACTIVITIES OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $17,037,800 and 89,3 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of
International Activities (OIA).
Resources will advance the OIA's work in five program components: $222,800
and 2,5 total workyears for the Environmental Technology program component;
$1,638,800 and 10.2 total workyears for the Management and Program Support
program component; and $7,788,000 and 21.6 total workyears for the U.S. Border
Programs program component; $2,920,000 and 29.2 total workyears for the
International Partnerships program component; and $4,468,200 and 25.8 total
workyears for the Global and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction program
component
The OIA coordinates the international efforts of EPA through the following
activities: reducing the cost of environmental protection in the U.S.;
strengthening environmental protection overseas; removing barriers to U.S. trade;
promoting U.S. technologies and services abroad; reducing global environmental
threats to our communities; and protecting citizens along U.S. borders.
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OFFICE OF INTERHATIONAL ACTIVITIES
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1.99.8
Development of 2 international technology diffusion modules containing
integrated information and training materials on priority environmental
problems, management techniques, or sectors with emphasis on state and
private sector partnerships and expertise.
Training of 150 foreign officials in U.S. environmental management
techniques.
Development of 1 additional training course on priority environmental
management techniques.
Conversion of ERA'S International Technical Information Packages (TIPs) to
CD-ROM and digital formats.
Delivery of 2 technical assistance projects in priority countries.
Complete a work plan for a system to safely transfer spent nuclear fuel
from Russian icebreakers and decommissioned nuclear submarines.
Complete an agreement to provide EPA/DOD/DOE assistance to Baltic counties
to address environmental problems .associated with military installations.
Incorporate environmental security into EPA programs on risk assessment,
environmental monitoring, and emergency response.
Make significant progress in negotiating a global agreement and a Europe-
North America regional agreement on persistent organic pollutants.
Conduct regional workshops to assist countries in phasing lead out of
gasoline in at least three countries.
Under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) ,
implement public-private partnerships to reduce pollution from two
industry sectors, in addition to partnerships launched in 1997.
Conclude a legally-binding agreement on land-based marine pollution in the
Gulf of Mexico and Wider Caribbean Region.
Conduct environmental education workshops in three border states to
promote understanding of border conditions and to share educational
materials. i
Conduct photochemical dispersion modeling for Paso del Norte air basin.
Complete PM-10/air toxicities reports for two areas in the border zone,
including exposure/risk assessment, source attribution, and potential
control strategies.
Cotnplete characterization of transboundstry aquifers in one segment of the
Rio Grande,
Complete agreement for the virtual elimination of toxics in the Great
Lakes.
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o Complete agreement authorizing joint research and development activities.
o Complete a U.S.-Mexico-Canada agreement on transboundary environmental
impact assessment and produce the first pollutant release inventory for
North America.
o Strategic planning, policy analysis, program support, coordination of
international activities, and public/private and international liaison
functions.
o Support the decision-making functions relating to planning, budgeting, and
financial management.
o Enable OIA to utilize centrally administered computer and
telecommunication services and postage services in support of EPA
programs.
o Seek agreement on ecolabelling.
o Carry out training programs on the control of mobile source emissions in
China.
o with other advanced industrial countries and the World Bank, develop
sectoral benchmarks for cleaner, cheaper industrial production in support
of more cost-effective environmental regulation ia the U.S. and overseas.
o Institutionalize cooperation among S-7 and other countries to identify and
address unique environmental threats to children's health, and to assess
future environmental challenges that may affect today's environmental
decisions.
o Carry out 2 training programs on pollution prevention in China.
o Work with DOE to support clean car imitative with China.
o Develop GIS-based ecological risk assessment methodology for use in
connection with oil and gas projects in the Arctic and sub-Arctic.
o Seek to introduce ISO 14000 environmental management standards in Russian
industry.
o Work with the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and
Tourism to develop long term strategic plan for cooperative activities,
o Carry out environmental action plan under the U.S.-ID New Transatlantic
Agenda.
o Collaborate on data collection with European Environment Agency.
o Coordinate with Europe on environmental enforcement.
o Conduct a transatlantic chemicals conference.
1997
Conduct two seminars with leading industries in the border area to enhance
environmental compliance and the use of pollution prevention processes
among all firms located in the border.
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o Strengthen system of environmental information repositories in the border
area to assure access to this information for all border residents.
o Award 10-15 grants to NGOs 'and community organizations to implement Border
XXI.
o Integrate air monitoring networks in El Paso, Juarez, and Sunland Park to
support efforts of the joint advisory committee established to improve air
quality in this area.
o Conduct PRTR workshop .for Mexican officials (CEC sponsored).
o With Mexico and Canada, develop regional action plans for four priority
toxic substances and a cooperative program on long-term air quality
monitoring.
o Conduct water and wastewater operator training classes in Mexico.
o Strategic planning, policy analysis, program support, coordination of
international activities, and public/private and international liaison
-functions.
o Support the decision-making functions relating to planning, budgeting, and
financial management.
o Enable OIA to utilize centrally administered computer and
telecommunication services and postage services in support of EPA
programs.
o Carry out training programs on the control of mobile source emissions in
China.
o Evaluate and publicize regulatory innovations in other industrial
countries that are instructive for the U.S., pertaining to Brownfields,
unified environmental statutes, strategic planning, cross-media
permitting, and environmental covenants with industry.
o Manage EPA preparations for the U.S.-hosted G-7 Environment Ministerial
Meeting and the G-7 Economic Summit.
o Carry out training programs on the control of mobile source emissions in
China.
o Develop pollution prevention program for four major industrial sectors in
Tianjin China.
o Develop environmental monitoring strategy with India.
o Gain, support from Russia to explore possibility of developing a carbon
emissions trading program and gain support from Russia to explore
possibility of developing a carbon emissions trading program.
o Get commitment from Russia to support World Bank coordinated effort to
phase out production of CFCs.
o Support at least one train the trainers program on solid waste management
in South Africa.
o Conclude agreement on cooperative programs with Sao Paulo environment
agency focused on pollution prevention.
o Establish U.S.-EU working group oil ecolabeling.
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o Conduct U.S.-TO joint air workshop on stationary sources.
o Conclude a U.S.-EU science and technology' agreement.
o Conclude an arrangement with Germany on health effects research.
o Conduct collaborative work with Finland, Norway, and Sweden on northwest
Russia.
o Conduct biotechnology discussions with Nordic countries.
o Continue packaging discussions with European Union.
o Foster establishment of a scientific panel and an intergovernmental
negotiating committee for a global treaty on persistent organic
pollutants, and sign and implement a U.S.-Canada binational strategy for
the virtual elimination of persistent toxic substances.
o Conduct regional workshops in Argentina, Ecuador, and China on phasing
lead out of gasoline.
o Implement public-private partnerships to reduce pollution from two
industry sectors, in connection with the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
forum (APEC).
o Conclude a legally-binding agreement under MARPOL addressing air pollution
from ships.
o Development of 3 international technology diffusion modules containing
integrated information and training materials on priority environmental
problems, management techniques, or sectors with emphasis on state and
private sector partnerships and expertise.
o Training of 150 foreign officials in U.S. environmental management
techniques.
o Development of 1 additional training course on priority environmental
management techniques.
o Delivery of 2 technical assistance projects in priority countries.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
1398 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $222,800 and 2.5 total workyears in 1998 for
the Environmental Technology (ET) program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The only activity within this program component is the ET with a request
of $222,800 and 2,5 total workyears.
The United States is a world leader in environmental technologies and
expertise. Enlisting greater participation of American companies in meeting the
global demand for environmental technologies and services, a market currently
estimated at more than $400 billion a year, will help solve pressing global,
regional, and local environmental problems while fueling economic growth and
creating high-paying jobs in the United States.
The OIA will use 2.5 total workyears to match selected environmental
problems abroad with U.S. technologies and management techniques. Specifically,
responding directly to Administration, Congressional and private sector calls to
EPA to do more in this area, OIA will work with the other EPA Offices and Regions
and with state and private organizations in developing a set of generic
"technology diffusion modules" to disseminate information and training on U.S.
environmental management techniques. These modules will cover priority
environmental management techniques (risk assessment and pollution prevention) ,
sectors (electronics and pulp and paper), and problems (toxic risks and urban air
pollution) . Each module will include a package of information, both hardcopy and
digital, on U.S. public and private sector expertise, resources and management
approaches and a corresponding set of training tools, including both governmental
(EPA's train-the-trainer courses) and private sector resources.
Complimenting the development of these modules will be public-private
partnerships in: developing and applying corresponding private sector information
and training materials (through the U.S. Environmental Training Institute);
implementing state matching grant programs for small and medium sized businesses
(through the National Association of State Development Agencies); and enlisting
other forms of participation by the U.S. private sector (through the
Environmental Export Council and state and regional environmental business
groups). Results of these activities will be both concrete and measurable.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +0.0 FTE +515,OK
There is a slight increase of $15,000 for salaries due to increased
personnel costs. ,i
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $207,800 and 2.5 total workyears for the
ET program component. The only activity within this program component is ET.
The OIA will use 2.5 total workyears to match selected environmental
problems abroad with U.S. technologies and management techniques. Specifically,
responding directly to Administration, Congressional, and private sector calls
to EPA to do more in this area, OIA will work with the other EPA Offices and
Regions and with state and private organizations in developing a set of generic
"technology diffusion modules" to disseminate information and training on U.S.
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environmental management techniques. These modules will cover priority
environmental management techniques (risk assessment and pollution prevention),
sectors (electronics and pulp and paper), and problems (toxic risks and urban air
pollution). Each module -will include a. package of information, both hardcopy and
digital, on U.S. public and private sector expertise, resources, and management
approaches and a corresponding set of training tools, including both governmental
(EPA's train-the-trainer courses) and private sector resources.
Complimenting the development of these modules will be public-private
partnerships in: developing and applying corresponding private sector information
and training materials (through the U.S. Environmental Training Institute);
implementing state matching grant programs for small and medium sized businesses
(through the National Association of State Development Agencies); enlisting other
forms of participation by the U.S. private sector (through the Environmental
Export Council and state and regional environmental business groups). Results
of these activities will be both concrete and measurable.
MftffASEMEMT AND PROGRAM SUPPORT
19J8 PRQgRAMRgQPESf
The Agency requests a total of $1,638,800 and 10,2 total workyears in 1998
for the Management and Program Support program component-
MAJORACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are: Mission, Policy, and
Management with a request of $750,000 and 7.2 total workyears; Working Capital
Fund (WCF) with a request of $400,000; and Administrative Ceiling with a request
of $488,800 and 3.0 total workyears.
Mission, Policy, and Management: 1998 base resources will provide strategic
planning, policy analysis, program support, coordination of international
activities, and public/private and international liaison functions. These
activities will also support the decision-making functions related to planning,
budgeting, and financial management.
WCF: This is an internal fee for service effort designed to help better
identify the true costs associated with certain centrally provided services and
an attempt, through an Agency-managed revolving fund, to improve both the
efficiency and effectiveness of management services. QIA's base resources for
the Agency's WCF is $274,600. Under the WCF, the cost of services provided by
the Enterprise Technology Services Division for computer and telecommunication
services and by the Office of Administration for postage costs are charged back
to Agency offices which use those services. The requested resources will enable
OIA to utilize centrally administered computer and telecommunication services and
postage services in support of EPA prdgratns.
Administrative Ceiling; These activities reflect management and support
services essential to the operation of OIA and the international mission of the
Office. These activities also include: office supplies; support contracts for
general-use facilities and maintenance; employee desk-top office equipment ,-
security clearances; and staff training.
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gXPIAHATXON OF CHAMSB i -0.8 FTB -JL6A..OK
There is a increase of $29,600 for salaries due to increased personnel
costs and a. decrease • of $97,600 and 0.8 total workyears for the Agency's
Administrative Reform Initiative.
1997 PROgRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,70,6,800 and 11.0 total workyears for
the Management and Program Support program component. Major activities within
this program component are Mission, Policy, and Management with a allocation of
$847,600 and 8,0 total workyears, WCF with a allocation of $154,200, and
Administrative Ceiling with a allocation of $705,000 and 3,0 total workyears.
Mission, Policy, and Management: Base resources provide strategic
planning, policy analysis, program support, coordination of international
activities, and public/private and international liaison functions. These
activities also support the decision-making functions related to planning,
budgeting, and financial management.
WCF: This is an internal fee for service effort designed to help better
identify true costs associated with certain centrally provided services and an
attempt, through an Agency-managed revolving fund, to improve both the
efficiency and effectiveness of management services, OIA's base resources for
the Agency's WCF is $274,600. Under the WCF, the cost of services for computer
and telecommunication services and for postage costs are charged back to Agency
offices which use those services. The requested resources will enable OIA to
utilize centrally administered computer and telecommunication services and
postage services in support of EPA programs.
Administrative Ceiling: These activities reflect management and support
services essential to the operation of OIA and the international mission of the
Office. These activities also include: office supplies; support contracts for
general-use facilities and maintenance; employee desk- top office equipment;
security clearances; and staff training.
U.S. BORDER PROGRAMS
1998 PROGRAM REQPBST
The Agency requests a total of $7,788,000 and 21.6 total workyears in 1998
for the U.S. Border Programs program component.
MAJOR
Major activities within this program component are the U.S. /Mexico program
with a request of $4,533,145 and 18.6 total workyears, the U.S. /Canada program
with a request of $165,755 and 2.0 total workyears, and the North American
Commission oh Environmental Cooperation (NACEC) with a request of $3,089,100 and
1 . 0 total workyear .
U.S. /Mexico Program: OIA provides overall management and direction for the
activities undertaken with Mexico, in coope'ration with Regional offices and
Headquarters program offices, who is responsible for distinct sections of the
program. The U.S. -Mexico border Is a priority for the Administration and
Congress, and for the 5.5 million U.S. citizens who live and work in the four
southwest states that border Mexico. Border XXI provides "the framework for a
series of activities that contribute towards improving the availability of public
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water supply and sewage treatment services, improving industrial waste treatment
and disposal practices, controlling air pollution, and enhancing compliance and
enforcement programs. Examples of such activities include the: training of
wastewater treatment plant operators and support for programs to expand water
conservation efforts; monitoring of air emissions in border sister cities and the
implementation of control strategies; training programs on hazardous waste
management and the siting of waste disposal facilities; and training of customs
officials and government inspectors to detect illegal hazardous waste shipments.
These activities are designed to assure long-term sustainable development in the
communities of five major geographic regions on the border. Three major U.S.
agencies (EPA., Health and Human .Services, and the Department of the Interior) are
committed to Border XXI Plan implementation,
U.S./Canada Program: The U.S.-Canada environmental cooperation is designed
to protect transboundary regions, to share policy and technical information and
experience, and to develop strategies, to deal with regional and global
environmental protection efforts. During 1998, the U.S. environmental program
activities within the Great Lakes region and along the U.S./Canada border and
concentrate on improving the water and air quality and continued reduction of the
discharge of industrial waste. The waters of the Great Lakes have improved
appreciably over the years. However, the increase of international shipping has
caused some degradation in water quality. Both governments are aggressively
developing programs to improve the situation.
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC): The CEC's work program
concentrates on conservation of habitat and species, reducing risk to human
health and the environment, enforcement cooperation, economy and environment, and
information/public outreach. The CEC will, inter alia, complete an agreement on
Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment procedures, negotiate dispute
settlement rules of procedure, review public submissions concerning any NAFTA
party's failure to effectively enforce its domestic environmental laws, recommend
a North American strategy for conservation of North American birds, implement the
Global Program of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land
Based Sources, publish the first North American Pollution Release Inventory using
1994 data, and consider the implications of accession to the CEC in Western
Hemispheric integration. Funding for the CEC is provided equally by the U.S.,
Canada, and Mexico. Government commitments for 1998 are projected to be' set at
$3,000,000 per country.
EXPLANATIONOF CHftNSB; feO.2 FTB +gl79.4K
There is an increase of 0.2 total workyears and $179,400 for salaries due
to increased personnel costs, as well as the 0.2 PTE for the Regions for the
Border XXI program.
These resources will support priority activities identified in Border XXI.
This will provide the basis for the indicators EPA will use to assess
environmental conditions on the border and to set priorities. These indicators
will also be incorporated in a performance accountability system to be
established in 1997 that will allow EPA to track the environmental benefits of
its border investments.
1997 gROSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $7,60.8,600 and 21.4 total workyears for
the U.S. Border Programs program component. Major activities within this program
component are the U.S./Mexico program with a allocation of $4,371,622 and 18.4
total workyears, the U.S./Canada program with an allocation of $153,878 and 2.0
total workyears, and the NACEC with a allocation of $3,083,100 and 1.0 total
workyear.
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U.S./Mexico Program: The border area is one of the poorest regions in the
country with a very large minority population. Consequently, there is a strong
environmental justice element to border programs. The poverty endemic in this
area requires that the Agency be especially vigilant to ensure that the health
of its children is protected and that the public water supplies on the U.S. side
of the border meet EPA Drinking Water standards. Moreover, it is necessary for
the Agency to ensure that the cancer clusters on the U.S. side of the border are
well researched and that any new standard set is based on the best science and
the best information. That same scientific information must be readily available
to our international partners and to border states. Finally, the activities
under Border XXI will contribute to the goal of bringing border cities into
compliance with ambient air quality standards by 2005.
U.S./Canada Program: The activities in this program component contribute
to at least ten of EPA's national environmental goals. While the programs
directly support reducing global and regional environmental risks, they also
support numerous domestic goals. For example, activities include projects to
empower people with information and education, expanding their right to know.
CEC: The CEC is creating a financial mechanism for promoting pollution
prevention in small and medium enterprises, establishing a permanent working
group on enforcement and compliance, reducing human health and ecological risks
by developing regional action plans for four toxic substances, providing a forum
for the NAFTA Parties to share scientific developments, promoting environmental
education and training, and developing cooperative long-term air quality
monitoring, modeling, and assessment programs. The CEC effort also includes
strengthening partnerships through community based grants, a citizens action
process to report concerns regarding any NAFTA Party's failure to effectively
enforce its domestic environmental laws, and consultations with other federal
agencies, state, local and tribal governments, the private sector, the public,
and the academic community.
INTERNATIONALPARTNERSHIPS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $2,920,000 and 29.2 total workyears in 1998
for the International Partnerships program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the Partnerships with
Industrial Countries with a request of $994,529 and 12.0 total workyears, and
Partnerships with Other Priority Countries with a request of $1,925,471 and 17.2
total workyears.
Partnerships with Industrial Countries: OIA will continue to manage or
coordinate EPA partnerships with other advanced industrial economies that
contribute to domestic regulatory reinvention and sustainable development, as
described in the 1997 Program Request. OIA will participate in a World Bank
initiative to develop sectoral benchmarks for cleaner, cheaper industrial
production for use domestically and overseas. OIA-led partnerships with the
Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Japan, and the UK will produce evaluations of
environmental policy innovations developed 'by these countries that may be
transferrable to the U.S. pertaining to environmental justice, brownfi'elds,
statutory integration, integrated permitting, extended product responsibility,
covenants with industry, comprehensive environmental planning, and community-
based "local Agenda 21's".
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Partnerships with Other Priority Countries: OIA will carry out bilateral
programs with other high priority countries including Russia, the Ukraine, China,
India, Brazil, South Africa, and Egypt. Many other federal agencies such as the
State Department, Agency for International Development, and the White House
continue to seek EPA assistance in working overseas and countries around the
world seek out EPA for its unique .expertise. EPA is focusing its activities in
a few countries and strategically important regions which been identified because
of their potential contribution to global and regional environmental problems,
their leadership role in international environmental negotiations, and their
importance to U.S. economic and national security interests.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +2.5 FTg - SI.OSO.IK
This includes an increase of $365,700 for 2.5 total workyears and increased
personnel costs and a redirection of $1,425,800 from this program component to
the Global and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction program component for the
new Environmental Security program.
The 2,5 total workyears will be used to carry out bilateral programs with
other high priority countries (China, India, and Brazil) and Vice Presidential
initiatives including Russia, the Ukraine, South Africa, and Egypt. EPA is
focusing its activities in a few countries and strategically important regions
which been identified because of their potential contribution to global and
regional environmental problems, their leadership role in international
environmental negotiations, and their importance to U.S. economic and national
security interests •-
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,980,100 and 26.7 total workyears for
the International Partnerships program component. Major activities within this
program component are the Partnerships with Industrial Countries -with a
allocation of $1,886,167 and 12.0 total workyears, and Partnerships with Other
Priority Countries with a request of $2,093,933 and 14.7 total workyears.
International Partnerships with Industrial Countries: OIA will manage or
coordinate EPA partnerships with other advanced industrial economies that
contribute to cleaner, cheaper, smarter environmental protection in the U.S.
while reducing unnecessary trade barriers associated with environmental
regulations. Under the Hew Transatlantic Agenda with the European Union, EPA
will cooperate with European countries on pollution prevention, ecolabelling, and
chemical and pesticide regulation. OIA will lead or coordinate the Agency's work
with member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) on chemical testing, environmental performance reviews of
Mexico and other countries, environmental indicators, and pollution prevention.
With other EPA offices and other federal agencies, OIA will help to prepare a
U.S. response to the recent OECD Environmental Performance Review of the United
States, and will contribute to the work of the Task Force on International
Leadership of the President's Council on Sustainable Development (II). In
connection with the Enterprise for the Environment, OIA will identify promising
tools for environmental protection developed by other countries that may be
transferrable to the U.S. OIA will manage Agency preparations for the 1997 G-7
Environment Ministers Meeting and, with OPPE and other EPA offices, will help to
establish a G-7 Environmental Futures Forum to institutionalize cooperation among
leading industrial countries in identifying and responding to future
environmental challenges.
Partnerships with Other Priority Countriess In OIA's base programs,
foreign assistance funding has allowed EPA experts to work with countries to
establish br strengthen their environmental management .authorities and to provide
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objective technical advice to address specific issues such as risk assessment and
risk management, environmental enforcement, pollution prevention, and chemical
management. In addition, with both EPA and limited outside funding, such as that
available from • the US-India Fund, EPA is engaged in a number of important
collaborative research projects that provide the sound science necessary for
improving environmental policy making in the U.S. For example, collaborative
research with. China and India has allowed U.S. scientists to collect critical
data on the health effects of air pollution and toxic exposures at relatively low
cost. EPA will continue its work with the Department of Energy and the
Department of Commerce to promote energy efficiency programs in China to reduce
expected increases in greenhouse gas emissions in a country which has the
potential to become the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases during the
next decade.
GIiOBMi ANDEBSIONMi ENVIRONMENTAL RISK INDUCTION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The ftgency requests a total of $4,468,200 and 25.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Global and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Environmental Security
with a request of $2,248,632 and 3.0 total workyears. International Toxics Risk
Reduction with a request of $494,661 and 4.4 total workyears, Pollution
Prevention with a request of $754,732 and 7.9 total workyears, and International
Technology and Information Exchange with a request of $970,175 and 10.5 total
workyears. This includes an increase of $388,200 for salaries due to increased
personnel costs and 3.0 total workyears, as well as a redirection of $1,425,800
for the new Environmental Security program.
Environmental Security: In 1998, OIA proposes to launch the Environmental
Security Initiative (ESI) which will respond to emerging environmental threats
to the health and safety of U.S. citizens, the foreign policy interests of the
U.S.,and the environmental problems associated with the legacy of the Cold War.
The 1996 U.S. National Security Strategy cites numerous examples of the need to
consider environmental issues as a component of national security planning. Our
foreign policy and intelligence agencies are becoming aware of a number of
serious threats to the U.S. and its allies which require the type of expertise
uniquely found in EPA. EPA is recognized as an essential partner in identifying
and solving global environmental security problems. EPA, whose participation is
viewed by its partners as vital to the success of this effort, will bring
expertise in risk assessment, international technical assistance, and emergency
planning and response to this interagency effort. EPA, with its experience and
expertise not found in other agencies,, has a unique role to play in the new
interagency environmental security program.
The ESI will develop and implement a program to identify, prioritize, and
manage these international environmental threats before they pose a greater risk
to national security. Elements of the proposed program include:
Reduce the risk of radioactive contamination reaching U.S. Arctic
territory by assisting Russian experts in the proper storage and disposal
of radioactive material from both civil and military operations. These
activities will" also enhance opportunities for export of U.S.
technologies.
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Strengthen ties with the newly democratizing states in the strategic
Baltic region by using pollution prevention and abatement programs to
promote defense conversion in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The
Department of State has specifically requested EPA involvement in this
effort.
Enhance OSWER'S capability to assist foreign governments and international
organizations to better plan and implement their prevention, preparedness,
and response to environmental emergencies. Working with international
organizations, new training materials will be developed and disseminated.
Work with other agencies, especially the Departments of State, Energy, and
Defense, to identify and develop effective policy and assistance responses
that can be activated once environmental problems are identified.
Develop new and adapt existing training and technical programs in critical
areas such as risk assessment, hazardous site assessment, and monitoring.
Develop a risk based methodology to identify major global and regional
environmental problems from the perspective of their threat to U.S.
.security interests.
Collect and analyze available information from all sources in order to
develop a database with information on areas and regions that are
environmentally threatened.
Use the results of the analysis to construct a risk-based priority list to
guide the Agency's decisions with respect to where to spend its limited
international program resources.
Produce, with yearly updates•, an environmental "hot spots" report and atlas
identifying areas of concern that should command attention,.
As a way to enhance the Nation's ability to address these threats, the EPA
has concluded a Memorandum of Understanding with the Department of Defense (DOD)
and the Department of Energy (DOE), which will provide for close collaboration
in undertaking environmental activities of strategic importance to U.S. national
security,
EPA, whose participation by DOD and DOE are viewed as vital to the success
of this effort, will bring expertise in risk assessment, international technical
assistance, and emergency planning and response to this interagency effort. EPA
has long been recognized internationally for its multi-media approach to
protecting the environment against a wide range of threats. This recognition
extends across both governmental and non-governmental lines. As a result, EPA
has a worldwide network of agreements, technical exchanges, cooperative efforts,
and general contacts. EPA's focus is first and foremost protection of the
environment; DOD and DOE will bring to the table their own resources and
statutory authorities. Within EPA, OSWIR's history of assistance to foreign
governments in response to environmental emergencies will be a unique EPA asset
as will OGC's expertise in negotiating international environmental treaties and
agreements.
International Toxics Risk Reduction: A number of organic pollutants and
heavy metals are transported long distances to and from the U.S., and are
associated with serious environmental and :human health effects such as cancer,
immune system suppression, and/or endocrine system disruption. OIA, with other
EPA offices and Federal agencies, will participate in a set of international
initiatives to identify and adopt cost-effective ways to reduce risks from key
substances. These initiatives include: the development of a binding global
regime on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) ,- North American action plans on PCBs, DDT,
chlordane, and mercury; binding regional protocols on persistent organic
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pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and negotiations on a binding global POPs
convention; and programs to phase out leaded gasoline in selected regions and
countries (including Latin America, Eastern Europe, China, and Egypt).
International Pollution Prevention: OIA will continue to lead and support
the international pollution prevention initiatives presented in the 1997 Program
Request, guided by EPA's proposed "Environmental Goals for America" and by U.S.
economic and foreign policy objectives. OIA will continue its leadership of a
multi-year U.S. initiative to negotiate a- legally-binding agreement addressing
land-based marine pollution in the Wider Caribbean. OIA will manage U.S.
implementation of the Pollution Prevention Partnership of the Summit of the
Americas. Working with other federal agencies, state governments, and the
private sector, OIA will manage implementation of Cleaner Production Action Plans
for industry sectors and governments now being developed by the U.S. in
partnership with 17 other member countries of, the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) forum. OIA will work with the multilateral development banks
to avoid or reduce pollution and other environmental impacts of new development
projects. Finally, as co-chair of EPA's Environment and Trade Task Force, OIA
will continue to work with other federal agencies, the World Trade Organization,
and other countries to avoid or resolve conflicts between environmental and trade
policies.
International Technology and Information Exchange: The Environmental
Technologies Trade Advisory Committee, a high-level group of private sector
officials, has stressed the important role EPA's international technology and
capacity-building programs play in solving environmental problems worldwide while
creating demand for U.S. environmental technologies and services. Working
closely with other EPA offices' and regions, OIA will strengthen and build
international technology and information exchange programs in targeted regions
of the world. Specifically, OIA will: assess international agreements to
identify U.S. environmental information commitments and opportunities; identify
relevant information and information sources,- assess and expand existing
international information dissemination vehicles; and fill critical information
gaps. OIA will also expand technical assistance and training programs on
critical global and regional environmental problems that affect health and
environment in the United States and will disseminate information on the
performance and cost of U.S. environmental technologies and services. The
exchange of technology and information will also expand the menu of environmental
tools and will reduce the cost of environmental protection in the U.S.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGEt +3,0 FTE +S1,814.0K
There i© an increase of $1,814,000 and 3.0 total workyears to the Global
and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction program component. There is a
increase of $388,200 in salaries due to increased personnel costs and 3.0
additional total workyears accompanied by a redirection of $1,425,800 from the
International Partnerships program component for the new Environmental Security
program. ;
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $2,654,200 and 22.8 total workyears for
the Global and Regional Environmental Risk Reduction program component.
Major activities within this program component are International Toxics
Risk Reduction with a allocation of $638,531 and 4.4 total workyears, Pollution
Prevention with a allocation of $907,817 and 7.9 total workyears, and
International Technology and Information Exchange with a allocation of $1,107,852
and 10.5 total workyears.
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International .Pollution Prevention; OIA will lead U.S. government efforts
to negotiate a legally-binding agreement addressing land-based marine pollution
in the Wider Caribbean as well as agreement through the International Maritime
Organization on a new Annex to MABJPOL 73/78 addressing air emissions from ships.
Following up on the Summit of the Americas, SPA will work with other countries
of the Western Hemisphere in promoting the concept of cleaner production through
existing and new regulations and programs. Emphasizing the economic benefits of
pollution prevention, the initiative will test and expand U.S. knowledge on a
variety of different policy tools and compliance strategies, including use of
economic instruments such as loans, taxes, and fees. Under the auspices of the
APEC forum, OIA will lead the development of a "Cleaner Production Strategy"
focusing on public-private partnerships and incentives to promote cleaner
production in key industry sectors. OIA will also provide technical expertise
and policy guidance to the U.S. Trade Representative to ensure that EPA interests
with respect to ecolabeling, the use of trade measures in multilateral
environmental agreements, and related matters are advanced in negotiations at the
World Trade Organization and elsewhere.
International Toxic Risk Reduction; OIA will make important contributions
to the achievement of EP&'s goals for reducing global and regional risks from
toxic substances, as contained in the report Environmental Goals for America.
OIA's role is catalyse improved assessments of international toxic threats;
coordinate international policy on persistent toxic substances,' promote reduction
of persistent toxics through appropriate international actions; and communicate
an accurate understanding of toxic risks and response options to domestic and
international stakeholders. OIA plans to propose its work on international
toxics risk reduction as the subject of a pilot performance plan for 1997.
Specific performance goals for 1997 may include: signature of a global convention
on PIC for banned and severely restricted in international commerce;
establishment of an intergovernmental negotiating committee for a legally binding
global convention on POPs; progress in defining and negotiating a legally binding
POPS protocol to the United Nations ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary
Air Pollution; completion of action plans on DDT, chlordane, PCBs and mercury
under the auspices of the Horth American Commission for Environmental
Cooperation; agreement on a Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent
Toxic Substances under the U.S.-Canada Great Lake Water Quality Agreement;
implementation of priority activities on chemical management capacity building
by the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety; and regional training programs
to assist other countries in developing action plans to phase lead out of
gasoline,
International Technology and Information Exchange: By allowing the United
States to both share and benefit from environmental experience worldwide, the
initiative will further priority "approaches" related to pollution prevention ,
strong science and compliance and enforcement. Results will include: successful
conclusion of technology demonstration and assistance projects and establishment
of information exchange networks and delivery vehicles, as measured in terms of
both environmental improvement and dollar-value sales for American companies; and
enhanced environmental regulatory and management capabilities worldwide, with the
number of environmental regulations 'and standards enacted and enforced and
developing country officials trained in key environmental management technio-ues
used as measurement -parameters.
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TOUTED STA37ES EHVTHGKMEHTMJ PRDTECTXOH AGENCY
FY9B PBBSUXBiT'S BUDGET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MftHAGEMENT
HEM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
Ti thousands)
(OGHAM COMPOHEHT
ft 1996
OP PLAN
IT 1997
PRES . BOD .
EY 1997
ENACTED
FT 1998
BOD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA POLICY, PLANKING & EVALUATION
Sprawl and development
TOTAL
RES
CCAP
TOTAL
P*KS
DOLLARS
DOLLARS
984.4
6.0
18,886.2
22.0
789.4
6.0
33,975.6
33.0
1,043.3
11.0
20,552.4
33.0
1,256.5
12.0
35,343.9
33.0
213.2
1.0
14,791.5
0.0
Gonman Sense Initiative/Sectors
TOTAL
FTES
Coupaxatii
TOTAL
FfBS
Climate
TOTAL
FTEE
DOLLARS
« Risk
DOLLARS
DOLLARS
6,045.7
43.5
3,142.9
15.0
4,774.0
18.6
5,718,4
32.7
3,135.5
15.0
5,606.9
23.4
5,133.3
35.0
3,959.7
28.0
5,008.5
24.3
5,533.2
34.8
3,782.4
25. D
5,309.1
23.2
399.9
-0,2
-177.3
-3,0
300.6
-1.1
Project XL
TOTAL
PIES
EnviEomaai
TOTAL
RES
Coxnmnity
TOTAL
FTES
DOLLARS
»tal information
DOLLARS
Based Environmental Protect.
DOLLARS
2,316.9
16.5
5,923.8
38.3
5,011.1
33.4
2,547.1
15.0
4,752.3
31.4
6,461.3
29.1
2,555.8
18.0
4,513.9
34.2
4,324.7
'29.1
4,171.1
37.9
4,226.3
34.4
4,182.4
27.0
1,615.3
19.9
-287 . 6
0.2
-142.3
-2.1
Environmental Justice
TOTAL
FTES
MflinCTfTIMTIilrT'lrt
TOTAL
FIBS
DOLLARS
t
DOLLARS
613.8
2.0
2,817.2
29.9
519.7
3.0
5,579.1
37.4
539.8
4.0
3 , 682 . 1
26.9
587.4
4.0
5,559.7
23.9
47.6
0.0
-122 . 4
-3.0
Reg Reinvention
TOTAL
FTES
DOLLARS
4,715.6
38.4
3,290.2
28.9
5,294.0
42. »
« , i» . 5
4C.9
-340.5
4.0
Technology
TOTAL
FTES
Economics
TOTAL
FTBS
TOTAL
FXBS
DOLLARS
DOLLARS
DOLLARS
0.0
0.0
4,085.9
20.5
7,200.3
101.0
15,3.57.1
25.6
',
6,856.2
41,7
5,789.5
79.5
1,000.0
0.0
4,994.4
35.7
4,551.3
65. 1
0.0
0.0
5,257.7
31.3
4,496.0
61.0
-1,000.0
0.0
263.3
-4.4
-55,3
-4.1
EHVXItQNMENREAL PROGRAMS
TOTWi DO&LARS:
PTE
66,517.8 100,378.3 67,153.2 82,659.2 15,506.0
385.1 401.7 387.2 394.4 7.2
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS MID MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $82,639,200 and 394,4 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation {OPPE}.
Resources will be used by OPPE to carry out a wide variety of activities
in the following Program Components: Sprawl and Development; Climate Change
Action Plan; Common Sense Initiative and Sectors; Comparative Risk? Climate;
Project XL; Environmental Information; Community Based Environmental Protection;
Environmental Justice; Management; Regulatory Reinvention; Economics; and
Improved Understanding of the Environment.
The President's National Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) will continue
to be a high priority in 1998, 'and OPPE will continue to promote CCAP activities
which strive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. OPPE also leads cross-Agency
implementation of Project XL, a flagship of the Agency's efforts to create the
building blocks for 21st Century environmental management, and a real world test
of alternative compliance concepts. Project XL, a cooperative venture between EPA
and state environmental agencies, marks the end of one-size-fits-all government
regulation. Under XL, companies, communities, and Federal facilities are invited
to develop and implement, in cooperation with local stakeholders, alternative
environmental management strategies. The XL projects use regulatory flexibility
to create cleaner, cheaper, and smarter results. Projects inform and are
informed by OPPE's basic policy development activities, creating at the outset
a link between individual pilots and broader policy changes.
OPPE will lead significant efforts to develop and analyze alternative
policy approaches to achieve the Agency's strategic objectives in ways consistent
with long-running economic and environmental trends, advance the Agency's cross-
media focus and flexibility to integrate across programs and statutes, improve
the quality of the Agency's statistical data and public access to information,
and continue efforts to reengineer the Agency's regulatory process. OPPE will
promote the Common Sense Initiative through a sector-based approach and move the
Agency and its partners towards a community based environmental protection
program. OPPE will analyze the effects of energy, agriculture, transportation,
and forestry policies on the environment and develop Agency positions on these
issues. OPPE will foster relationships with other Federal agencies, states,
localities, and tribes to achieve policy goals and build partnerships and
alliances. OPPE will work to integrate environmental protection and economic
growth, propose new initiatives in electronic data interchange, and assess the
linkages between international trade, competitiveness and environmental policy
options.
By employing a multimedia approach, OPPE will analyze economic and
environmental effects of regulations, policies, programs, and legislation to
ensure that environmental hazards and risks are consistently managed across
programs. OPPE will continue efforts to engineer the Agency's regulatory process
and management of the Agency's rulemaking system, OPPE will develop alliances
with states, local governments, and non-governmental organizations to foster
community-based environmental protection.
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OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
SPRAWL & DEVELOPMENT
Register 2,500 members as part of Smart Growth Network
Initiate pilot projects testing Location Efficient Mortgage (LEMs)
models in three cities
Develop tools including interactive general growth model with, graphic
component
CCAP
Recruit up to 250 Transportation Partners
Provide technical assistance to utilities on as needed basis
Recruit up to 300 Climate Wise partners
Conduct GHG emissions inventories
Implement action plans
implement risk communication strategy
CSX & SECTORS
- Complete analytical efforts, select "7th Sector", and convene
stakeholder group
Provide analysis and policy recommendations for incentives in financial
markets
Implement policy change tracking system
Provide guidance for sustainable forestry
Complete Farm Bill analysis
Initiate mining partnerships
Initiate recreation/tourism partnerships
Provide analysis of incentives with policy recommendations
COMPARATIVE RISK
Complete six state comparative risk projects
Complete six local comparative risk projects
Complete three tribal comparative risk projects
- Conduct peer to peer training
CLIMATE
Conduct climate change impacts assessment
Implement strategies to overcome market barriers to low-emitting GHG
technologies
Conduct analysis and review of FCCC commitments
Conduct analysis of domestic impacts of climate change strategies
Promote new markets
FCCC review and rules
Develop legislative package
PROJECT XL
Select up to 20 projects for negotiation
Negotiate up to another 20 Final Project Agreements
Evaluate up to 30 project proposals during course of year
Develop project XL guidance
Evaluate initial projects and propose policy options
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
Develop and disseminate multi-media environmental information products
Develop and implement EPA's environmental information acquisition plan
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1997
Report results of environmental information survey where customers
identify needs and priorities
Develop statistical analysis tools
CBEP
.Evaluate and publicize national pilots
Expand Clearinghouse for state and local access to CBEP tools
Propose options for increasing effectiveness of Community-based efforts
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Release data and results
Develop and utilize electronic medium risk product
REGULATORY REINVENTION
Hold panels and produce compliance guides for all rules covered under
SBREFA
Submit to Congress and GAG 100% of EPA rules
Accept and address 20,000 small business inquiries
Successfully discharge all necessary activities and reports required
under APA, UFMA, RFA, SBREFA, & E.O. 12866
Extend Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to Drinking Water and
Hazardous Waste Programs
Encourage four delegated states to accept environmental compliance data
in electronic format
Convene and facilitate support provided for Regulatory Negotiations,
CSI, and other EPA consensus-building activities, as needed
Build on 50% increase in environmental technology exports since 1993
Extend performance-based permitting models to thousands of facilities
nationwide
Speed regulatory approvals for cheaper and more accurate monitoring
methods
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Release guidelines and deliver training tools to improve analytic
consistencies
Deliver benefit-cost analyses produced with and for EPA program offices
Provide economic reports
Maintain library of economic reports
SPRAWL & DEVELOPMENT
Register 500 members of Smart Growth Network
Complete spreadsheet model on pricing of sprawl
Initiate up to three pilot projects on Location Efficient Mortgages
Sponsor conference on Smart Growth network
CCAP l
Sign up 170 organizations as Transportation Partners
Sign up 200 companies as Climate Wise partners
Develop analytical tool for analyzing impacts of de-regulation in
energy sector
Perform legislative analysis on de-regulatory alternatives
Develop technical assistance plan for Utilities (Energy)
CSI & SECTORS
Complete analysis on CSI Sectors for Future
Form new partnerships with fishery and tourism sectors; characterize
and communicate nexus between sectors and; 1} environmental quality
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and degradation; 2) economic development opportunities; and, 3)
environmental planning
Conduct cost benefit analysis on 1872 Mining Act
Co-sponsor conference on economic instruments and Sustainable Forest
Management
Conduct forest Products Certification Assessment
Participate in crafting Action Plan for Salvage Timber Program
CLIMATE
Initiate finance partnerships (technology)
Negotiate protocol (international)
Provide sector and local impacts (domestic)
Provide analysis of U.S. benefits (information and outreach)
PROJECT XL
Develop XL tools
Initiate Final Project Agreements with 5 communities
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
Complete and publish standards
CBEP
- Publish "CBEP Citizens Handbook"
Publish Handbook on Compatible Economic Development
Publish Community Cultural Profiling Handbook
Publish Handbook on Financing CBEP Efforts
Provide electronic clearinghouse for access to CBEP tools for states
and local governments
- Produce a CD-ROM on community-based sustainable development approaches
and resources
Coordinate completion of CBEP Framework for EPA
Demonstrate analytic techniques for full cost accounting alternative
development scenarios to reduce impacts of sprawl
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Publish series of peer reviewed articles on methodologies
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SPRAWL AMD ..PBVBLOPMBliT
1998 PROSRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,256,500 -and 12.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Urban Sprawl and Development program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
OPPE will implement the Smart Growth Network designed to focus on
transportation and development sectors and create coalitions at the national,
regional, and local levels to encourage more environmentally responsible land
use, transportation investment, regional growth and development. The Network
will constitute a variety of people and organizations who will take, use,
distribute, and provide an outreach vehicle for relevant EPA products and tools.
In 1998 OPPS will work with many partners including builders, developers,
lenders, architects, building material manufacturers, other Federal Agencies, and
some local governments to encourage infill development and regional cooperation.
We will join with: lenders and Fannie Mae to implement Location Efficient
Mortgages? architects and developers on "Smart Growth-Infill -Redevelopment"
projects; corporate leaders on a "Zero Greenfield Development" challenge; and the
National Association of Industrial and Office Parks, commercial and industrial
developers, HUD, and EDA on shifting industrial development toward industrial
ecology principles. OPPE will distribute a "Smart Growth Tool Kit" designed to
educate and inform development decision makers, and sponsor a "Smart Growth"
Speaker Series. p OPPE will develop, disseminate, and customize technical
assistance for a wide variety of transportation and urban planning analytical and
policy tools used by developers, lenders, activists, local government, and
transportation planners.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +1.0 JETjj J-&213.2K
Resources will be redirected to support sprawl, residential, commercial,
and industrial development sector activities and implement them -under the "Smart
Growth Network" partnership effort. OPPE will focus on developing coalitions of
builders, developers, government leaders, lenders, architects, community
development corporations, and non governmental organizations at the national,
regional, and local levels. Dollars also support increased personnel,
compensation, and benefit costs,
1997 PRO6RAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,043,300 and 11.0 total workyears for
the Sprawl and Development program component. Activities within this program
component promote environmentally responsible development by influencing major
economic and industrial sectors or activities (e.g., architecture, development,
construction, demolition, browiifields redevelopment, mortgage lending, and
building materials manufacturing) that affect regional growth and economic
development. OPPE encourages more environmentally responsible growth and
development by creating tools for community-based environmental protection,
piloting alternative regulatory strategies, facilitating strategic alliances
among development stakeholders, increasing ..access to capital, acting as an
information center, and by promoting positive change at the state and local
levels, including Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities, and other urban
areas. These efforts reduce sprawl, improve resource efficiency in
transportation, businesses, and household-level sectors, improve air .and water
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quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and encourage the minimization and
recycling of solid 'waste.
CIijEMATB CHANGE ACTION PIAN
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $35,343,900 and 33.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP).
KBJOR ACTIVITIBS
Major activities in OPPE which support the CCAP include Climate Wise with
a request of $5,790,000 and 4.0 total workyears, Transportation and Energy
Efficiency with a total request of $8,144,300 and 6.0 total workyears, Recycling
with a total request of $8,048,800 and 5.0 total workyears. Joint Implementation
with a total request of $6,362,800 and 10.0 total workyears. Country Studies with
a total request of $2,163,300, and State and Local Initiatives with a total
request of $4,834,700 and 8.0 total workyears.
OPPE will further expand the number of industrial sector partners
participating in the Climate Wise program, and will also expand the number of
state and local government allies that are working through the program to build
partnerships with the companies that make up their local industrial economic
base. OPPE will develop new tools for company supplier outreach programs and more
sophisticated peer exchange mechanisms based on the lessons learned through the
program. Efforts to empower, train, and assist local governments and states in
this capacity will focus on encouraging state and local government allies to
provide regulatory incentives. Financial institutions and the insurance industry
will be the targets of educational programs designed to free up capital and
create new incentives for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction
techniques.
OPPE's Transportation Partners will continue to support the efforts of
community-based Project Partners to employ local transportation options that
improve mobility while reducing vehicle travel. Vehicle travel is directly
correlated with emissions that contribute to climate change and other
environmental problems like urban smog. Technical support offered to localities
will help citizens, .businesses, and local elected officials implement measures
that increase opportunities for walking and biking, promote well-designed,
compact, and mixed-use urban forms that reduce both urban sprawl and the need for
personal vehicle travel, use information technologies to improve transit options,
and use market incentives to reduce both congestion and local tax subsidies for
transportation,. Transportation Partners will continue the successful Way to Go
Awards and the Livable Community Conferences and add to target regions working
to develop integrated solutions to transportation, environment, and urban sprawl
challenges. OPPE will continue to collaborate with the U.S. Department of
Transportation on the vital evaluation and implementation of Intermodal Surface
Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in such a way as to make it consistent with
environmental goals.
In 1998, OPPE will initiate new work and continue refining analyses of
environmental issues in the energy sector, particularly related to climate change
and the restructuring of the electric utility industry. OPPE will develop
domestic policy options to support the U.S. in international negotiations under
the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). Through analyses of the
environmental and economic effects of different options and approaches to
mitigating emissions, using a variety of modeling tools, OPPE will participate
in stakeholder processes designed to foster greater understanding of climate
2-153
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change mitigation issues, QPPE will expand its critical analysis of the
environmental effects of policy proposals and developments related to electricity
restructuring and will help develop and promote options designed to mitigate
harmful environmental effects.
The Source Reductionf Pollution .Prevention and Recycling initiative
promotes source reduction and recycling of paper and other municipal solid wastes
to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Programs include E'PA's WasteWi$e
program, the Chicago Board of Trade Recyclable Materials Trading System, and
promoting the adoption of unit pricing for municipal solid waste disposal. In
1998, targeting programs to achieve the most cost-effective reductions will
continue, based on assessment of the cost-effectiveness of actions on different
material streams and on the actual achievement rates of program partners.
Increased emphasis will be placed on source reduction by businesses and
households. Grants for innovative and replicable programs by states and
localities will be awarded, and successful case studies disseminated. Tele-
conference training of prospective programs managers will be provided.
The United states Initiative on Joint JQ^pleznentatioa (USIJI) will continue
to support the development of diverse, high-quality joint implementation projects
worldwide. Additional projects will be recruited with a view to increasing the
diversity of sectors, technologies, and world regions covered. Project review
and technical assistance will be provided to ensure that all projects meet
program criteria. In addition, a complete program review will be conducted to
evaluate the program criteria and procedures and to make recommendations
regarding rules that will be written for a GHG trading and JI scheme
internationally under the PCCC. Technical assistance, project development
incentive (e.g., finance) measures, monitoring, and verification activities
initiated in 1997 will continue.
The Country Studies Program (CSP) provides financial and technical
assistance to developing and transition countries to prepare national climate
change plans and technology assessments. This support will encourage developing
and transition countries with the fastest growing emissions of greenhouse gases
to develop and implement effective measures to reduce these emissions. In 1998,
the CSP will: complete support for the preparation of nine CCAPs initiated in
1996; provide technical assistance to countries initiating their plans in 1997;
and award funding to up to 10 additional countries for the preparation of their
plans. Significant emphasis will be given to assisting countries with the design
of programs and projects to promote diffusion of climate friendly technologies,
identifying appropriate financing and investment sources, and preparing sound
financing proposals. The CSP will prepare a synthesis report and convene an
international workshop to document and disseminate the achievements by 20
countries in building capacity to address technology transfer and financing
issues. The CSP will also expand its analytic activities with the 55
participating countries to support the negotiations, including assisting up to
10 additional countries with assessment of the extent of emission reductions
achievable through implementation of "win-win" or "no regrets" measures and
preparing a report and convening a workshop to document the findings of these
"win-win" assessments.
The State £ JDocal Outreach Program strategy is to transfer greater
responsibility for implementation of domestic climate policy to the local level.
The program aims to develop institutional capacity, make state and local
governments full partners in the implementation of the CCAP, integrate climate
efforts with complementary programs in order to be comprehensive, and engage
public officials in climate policy-making,.. This will be accomplished by
providing assistance through grants, information, and technical resources such
as workshops, guidance documents, and case studies. Thirty states and nearly
forty cities are participating in this program by developing greenhouse gas
emission inventories, preparing and assessing emission reduction incentives and
state or local strategies, developing local putreach programs, and implementing
2-154
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demonstration programs. The program helps states and communities target the most
cost effective actions that are compatible with local goals.
OPPE 'will continue to implement State & Local's Constituencies at Risk
program. This program works with affected stakeholders to identify and assess
potential impacts from climate change, and to develop strategies for reducing
their vulnerabilities to these impacts. The program is designed to build upon
previous work at EPA which assessed potential damages from climate change and
identified specific risks to human health, natural ecosystems, coastal zones,
agriculture, forestry, water resources, fisheries, and infrastructure. The
Constituency at Risk Program builds partnerships with particular constituencies
that are vulnerable to climate change, relevant state and local decision makers
(e.g., public health officials, the insurance industry), and partners in private
industry (e.g., insurance industry) . The goal is to work with them to
incorporate climate change considerations into their decision making in order to
minimize the potentially adverse consequences of climate change. OPPE will also
continue to develop and provide decision support tools to assist state, local,
private and international managers to consider the potential impacts of climate
change when making long-term investment decision.
The Regions will play a critical role in assessing the environmental and
economic risks of climate change, options to mitigate it, and the costs and
benefits of alternative policies. Many of the activities of the CCAP are
voluntary programs which foster public/private partnerships designed, to
successfully and profitably reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and
other gases which are primary contributors to global climate change. Through
technical assistance, customer service and capacity building, the Regions will
work to design and gain consensus on state and local strategies to meet U.S.
commitments.
EXPLANATION OF CHftNQB; +S14.791.5K
The CCAP provided dollar levels for activities until the year 2000. Funds
have not been available to support activity levels envisioned by the plan since
the inception of CCAP. The 1998 request will bring activities to levels
envisioned in the original plan and allow the Agency to increase activities
dedicated to greenhouse gas reduction.
1997 PRQGEAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $20,552,400 and 33.0 total workyears for
the Climate Change Action Plan program component. Major activities within this
program component are Climate Wise with an allocation of $3,236,900 and 4.0 total
workyears, Transportation with an allocation of $4,055,300 and 6.0 total
workyears, Recycling with an allocation of $4,474,700 and 5.0 total workyears,
Joint Implementation with an allocation of $4,377,600 and 10.0 total workyears,
Country Studies with an allocation of $1,143,000 and State and Local Initiatives
with an allocation of $3,264,900 and 8.0 total workyears.
Climate Wise resources support national recruitment and technical
assistance efforts, plus the efforts of eight state government agencies and six
local governments. The program: facilitates financing opportunities for energy
efficiency projects in small and medium size businesses; recognizes corporate
emissions reductions achievements; and advances the public reporting of voluntary
emissions reductions achievements established by Section 1605(b) of the 1992
Energy Policy Act.
OPPE continues its analysis of the multimedia environmental impacts of the
Transportation Sector. OPPE work includes: a stakeholder' initiative with the
freight industry; development of measurable environmental indicators that allow
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a comprehensive assessment of the temporal environmental impacts of the
transportation sector; development of a system for trading between mobile and
stationary NOx sources in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed; and quantifying the
economic and multimedia environmental impact of low-density sprawl development
and the attendant transportation system. OPPE leads EPA's efforts on the Re-
authorization of the ISTEA and the development and implementation of policies
which reduce the multi-media impacts of increasing vehicle travel. OPPE performs
critical analysis related to the Commuter Choice initiative, an effort to
restructure incentives for parking tax policy.
In the energy sector OPPE continues to design, develop, and implement tools
to promote flexible, economic, and sensible approaches to environmental
management. OPPE conducts outreach activities and stakeholder processes,
analyzes and communicates the impact of deregulation and new technologies on
environmental management in the electric utility sector, evaluates new
opportunities for flexible and sensible management strategies, and analyzes and
communicates opportunities to eliminate market or institutional problems (such
as subsidies or inappropriate pricing policies) that diminish environmental
quality,
.The Source '.Reduction, Pollution Prevention and Recycling initiative
promotes source reduction, and recycling of paper and other municipal solid wastes
to reduce GHG emissions. Source reduction and recycling lead to increased forest
carbon sequestration, reduced energy consumption in the extraction and processing
of virgin materials, and reduced methane emissions from landfills. Several
voluntary and market-oriented programs to encourage source reduction and
recycling are in place. Programs include EPA's WasteWi$e program, the Chicago
Board of Trade Recyclable Materials Trading System, and promoting the adoption
of unit pricing for municipal solid waste disposal. Analyses conducted by the
program help to target programs to the materials and sectors offering the most
cost-effective GHG reductions. Outcomes expected in 1997 include publication of
a draft report quantifying the carbon emissions reductions associated with
reduction in recycling of municipal solid waste, and expansion of the WasteWi$e
program to include state and local governments,
U.S. Initiative on Joint Implementation (fJSIJT) activities continue to
support the development of diverse, high-quality joint implementation projects
in 1997. The USlJI Secretariat places an emphasis on project technical support,
project development incentive, monitoring and verification of projects, and
capacity building in developing and transition countries. The USIJI Secretariat
places renewed emphasis on project monitoring and verification, synthesis of Jl
project data, and dissemination of key results. Modest support will be directed
towards development of national program offices including training and technical
support for national office staff. USIJI has enormous potential to reduce GHG
emissions, meet local environmental and health goals, and provide cleaner
technologies.
In 1997, the U.S. Country Studies Program (CSP) gives primary emphasis to
supporting the preparation of CCAPs under the Support for National Action Plans
(SNAP) initiative. The CSP provides technical assistance to the 18 countries
currently receiving U.S. support for their plans and awards funding to up to 10
additional countries for the preparation of plans. The technical support
includes assistance on financing issues and with the design of programs and
projects to promote diffusion of climate friendly technologies. The CSP also
prepares a synthesis report and convenes an international workshop to document
and disseminate the countries achievements in preparing their plans and
communications and in addressing technology transfer and financing issues. The
CSP works with the 55 participating countries on analytic activities that will
support the international negotiations, including the use of country study
results to refine IPCC reports and other international and domestic assessments.
This support encourages developing and transition countries with the fastest
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growing emissions of greenhouse gases to develop and implement effective measures
to reduce these emissions.
The State & Local Outreach Program strategy is to transfer greater
responsibility to the local level. The program aims to develop institutional
capacity and to make state and local governments full partners in the
implementation of the CCAP by providing assistance through grants, information,
and technical resources. Over twenty states are participating in this program
by developing emission reduction incentives, state strategies, and programs at
the community level. The program helps states and communities target the most
cost effective actions that are compatible with local goals. The Regions
participate in assessing the environmental and economic risks of climate change,
options to mitigate it, and the costs and benefits of alternative policies. The
Regions design and gain .consensus on state and local strategies to meet U.S.
commitments through technical assistance, customer service, and capacity
building,
State & Local's Constituencies at Risk program allows OPPE to work with
particular constituencies that are vulnerable to climate change, relevant state
and local decision makers (e.g., public health officials, the insurance
industry), and partners in private industry (e.g., insurance industry) to assess,
understand, and communicate potential impacts from climate change. All projects
will be conducted in partnership with the relevant stakeholders. OPPE develops
and provides decision support tools to assist state, local, private and
international managers to consider the potential impacts of climate change when
making long-term investment decisions (e.g. , for coastal zone management, water
resource planning, forestry, and agricultural planning)•
COMMON SENSE INITIATIVEAMPSECTORS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $5,533,200 and 34.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Common Sense Initiative (CSI) and Sectors program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
This program component supports CSI Metal Plating and Finishing Sector
initiatives with a request of $2,871,200 and 12.4 total workyears, and other
Sector activities with a request of $2,662,000 and 22.4 total workyears.
OPPE will build on the success of the Metal Plating and Finishing Sector,
leveraging ongoing initiatives by building on pilot projects and other analytical
efforts to achieve agreed upon performance targets and goals for the industry.
OPPE will implement plans to transition CSI involvement in this sector from the
direct oversight of pilot initiatives to the less frequent review of resulting
broader reinvention reforms at the Federal, state and local level. OPPE will
begin efforts to convene the seventh CSI sector and the first in a second
generation of CSI. OPPE will select a sector based upon sound analytical
processes undertaken and completed in 1997, and will convene the appropriate
stakeholders to begin to lay the groundwork in accordance with all of the
philosophies of the CSI.
Using the methodology that led to the adoption of the Metal Finishing CSI,
OPPE will continue the Sustainable Industry (SI) Project by facilitating policy
and program changes based on the outcomes of analyses and pilot projects
involving the plastics, photo processing, and chemical industries. OPPE will
establish a stakeholder network to guide sector activities and lay the groundwork
for sector-based reform in accordance with all of the "cleaner, cheaper, smarter"
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philosophies of the CSI. OPPE will develop analytical workplans and identify
opportunities for reinvention pilot projects and policy changes.
QPPE's work in the Natural Resources Sectors encompasses agriculture,
forestry, mining, and recreation and tourism. In agriculture, OPPE will complete
our assessment of the expected environmental impacts of the implementation of the
1996 Farm Bill. OPPE will expand its analysis of the livestock sector to identify
opportunities to partner with the industry to improve its waste management
operations. OPPE will collaborate with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the
states, and commodity groups to implement the whole farm planning model, to
complete expert systems for whole farm planning, and to more effectively use
markets to achieve environmental objectives in agriculture. OPPE will also
evaluate its model for assessing water body sensitivity to nutrient inputs and
the effects of land use on water cjuality.
OPPE will convene stakeholders from the Recreation and Tourism Sector,
forming partnerships to work collaboratively to develop strategies to address
mutual environmental objectives and methods to reach these objectives. In
forestry, OPP1 will organize stakeholders to cooperatively pursue opportunities
for use of economic incentive and green marketing tools to promote sustainable
forestry practices on private non-industrial forest .land. Through our activities
with the private sector as well as other government agencies, OPPE hopes to
persuade the forest products industry to grow and manufacture materials in a more
environmentally sound fashion. In mining, OPPE will apply lessons learned from
projects in Full Cost Accounting, Economic Multipliers and our Orphan Sites
Feasibility Study to the national policy debate. Armed with this information,
OPPE will form Mining Partnerships with stakeholders including the industry, the
environmental community, and federal, state and local government officials. OPPE
will identify opportunities for greater environmental protection in accordance
with the principles of our Sustainable Industries Program. OPPE will use these
partnerships to leverage resources and create case studies and models for mining.
OPPB's work in the Emerging Sectors encompasses the financial sector and
information technology sector, OPPE has focused its efforts in the financial
sector on developing a new paradigm of environmentally conscious investment and
helping others create vehicles that allow typical investors to incorporate that
paradigm into their equity (stock) investment decisions* Activities in 1998 will
expand this concept into other areas of investment, such as debt-financing. In
addition to making EPA environmental data available in a usable form to the
financial sector, OPPE will initiate a partnership with the Securities and
Exchange Commission to concentrate its enforcement efforts on disclosure by
companies with certain kinds of environmental information that is particularly
valuable to financial markets. OPPE will conduct crucial analysis to identify
new opportunities for channeling capital into environmentally beneficial
investments, such as charitable deduction provisions in the Internal Revenue Code
and new ways to finance neighborhood environmental amenities.
OPPE will be working in three distinct areas to capitalize on information
technologies industries' capacity to enable improved environmental performance.
First, it will work with information technologies industries within the context
of Project XL to analyze ways in which environmental regulations might be
modified for this sector to enhance environmental performance. Second, OPPE will
develop incentives for companies to invest in advanced monitoring technologies.
Finally, OPPS will work with companies (within XL) and Federal and state
regulators (within context of an Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
(OECA) task force) to encourage investment in environmental management systems
(a significant component of which is an information management system for
environmentally-related information).
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EXIIANATJON OF CHMTG1 _:_ -0.2 FTE J-S399.9K
The reduction of 0.2 total workyears reflects savings due to Administrative
Reform initiatives . Dollars are redirected to support these high priority
activities as well as to provide for increased personnel, compensation, and
benefit costs.
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,133,300 and 35.0 total workyears for
the CSI and Sector program component. Major activities within this program
component are the CSI Metal Plating and Finishing Sector with an allocation of
$2,730,700 and 12.5 total workyears, and other Sector activities with an
allocation of $2,402,600 and 22.5 total workyears.
OPPE continues to play a leadership role in the CSI, the centerpiece of
the Administrator's reinvention initiatives. The program moves the metal
finishing sector from a project design and analysis phase to a recommendation and
implementation phase, OPPE leads facilitation, logistical support, policy
analysis, data gathering and dissemination, and strategic planning. OPPE
provides the other five CSI sectors, focussing resources on the Printing and the
Electronics and Computer sectors, analytical expertise in information technology,
finance, brownfields issues, small business impacts, and voluntary programs.
In agriculture, OPPE conducts critical analysis of the opportunities for
the livestock sector to improve its waste management as well as marketing
opportunities for environmentally sound products . OPPE also develops a whole
farm planning model and expert systems for whole farm planning, in collaboration
with USDA, the states , and commodity groups . OPPE develops a model for
assessing water body sensitivity to nutrient inputs and the effects of land use
on water quality. In the Recreation and Tourism sector, OPPE conducts crucial
analysis to identify environmental impacts from the industry and incentives for
the industry to protect environmental quality. In forestry, OPPE performs
critical analysis to identify demand side management opportunities for forest
products and incentives for sustainable forestry practices on private non-
industrial forest lands. OPPE conducts strategic research on the Mineral
Extraction Sector to quantify its environmental impact and identify new
approaches that can minimize degradation.
The Emerging Sectors Program develops critical Agency-wide knowledge in the
role of banking, insurance, and telecommunications in environmental protection.
OPPE's efforts focus on developing a new paradigm of environmentally conscious
investment and helping others create vehicles that allow typical investors to
incorporate that paradigm into their equity (stock) investment decisions.
COMPARATIVE RISK
J.998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,782,400 and 25.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Comparative Risk program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component include funding state
comparative risk projects, providing technical assistance to a variety of
stakeholders (states, tribes, geographic regions and localities) establishing
mechanisms to link comparative risk project results with the National
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Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS), and working with state and
local governments to strengthen their use of goal setting and indicator
development in the effective management of environmental programs.
The 1998 budget for this program component proposes one comparative risk
project in each Region in support of Community-Based Environmental Protection
agendas and those of Community XL. The request also includes five comparative
risk projects in support of Tribal Environmental Agreements. Funding for 1998
includes establishment of mechanisms to foster partnerships between EPA and other
Federal agencies, state governments, corporations, foundations, and non-
government organizations.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -3.0 FTE .-JS.17.7.....3JK
Change reflects redirection of 3.0 total workyears from Comparative Risk
projects in the Regions to other higher priority Agency activities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,959,700 and 28.0 total workyears for
the Comparative Risk program component. In 1997, OPPE funds comparative risk
projects with state, local, and tribal governments and works with state
government to support the implementation of the new State/EPA oversight policy
and the implementation of multi-media performance partnership grants in states.
The desired outcomes of these efforts will be better targeting of high-risk
problems, and better mechanisms for setting priorities for environmental
investments and performance-based environmental results. By the end of 1997, 40
states will complete comparative risk projects, 30 states will develop
environmental indicator systems to track environmental results, 30 states will
develop environmental strategies that include consideration of trends analysis,
and finally, EPA will provide an improved strategy for delivering technical
assistance to local and tribal governments.
CLIM&TE
X99gJgROSRaM , RBQPEST
The Agency requests a total of $5,309,100 and 23.2 total workyears in 1998
for the Climate program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Cross-cutting Benefits
with a request of $840,800 and 4.3 total workyears, Economic Impacts with a
request of $753,400 and 2.3 total workyears. Technology Initiatives with a
request of $844,800 and 2.5 total workyears. International Analysis with a
request of $1,355,200 and 5.8 total workyears, Outreach and Communities with a
request of $362,500 and 2.0 total workyears, and Domestic Analysis with a request
of $1,152,400 and 6.3 total workyears.
Cross-Cutting/Co-Caatijol Benefits Initiative - OPPE will continue to
identify environmental programs (both climate .and non-climate) that have multiple
environmental and economic benefits across sectors and across media. Using
integrated assessment tools, innovative programs will be developed that yield
"co-control benefits." These innovative programs will cut across multiple
environmental systems and economic sectors, address multiple environmental
problems, and reduce the vulnerability of ecosystems to multiple stressors. The
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goal is to bridge the gap between single-media approaches and their' broader
environmental/economic effects in order to achieve environmental improvements
more cost effectively. The focus will include the identification of additional
reductions in criteria air pollutants and water pollution that can be achieved
as strategies to reduce GHG emissions are implemented.
Economic JQnpacts Assessment - QPPE will continue to investigate the risks
associated with climate change, including impacts on ecosystems, human health,
and economic welfare. Particular attention will be paid to public health issues,
to fundamental issues of intergenerational equity and ecosystem protection, and
to the identification of populations at greatest risk from climate change. It
is imperative that a better understanding of the potential impacts of climate
change be gained in order to support the continued development of U.S. climate
change policy and the negotiation and revision of post-2.000 .aims .and protocols
under the FCCG, and to help guide the development of additional
mitigation/adaptation actions. OPPE will initiate and produce assessments of the
environmental and economic damages from both climate and non-climate stressors
to the following systems: human health; forests; coastal zones,- wetlands;
agriculture; and water resources.
.Climate Technology Initiative - Technology, along with population and
wealth, is a principle driver of climate change (and other environmental
stressors) . It is also a shared interest of both developed and developing
countries and should help bring developing countries into future GHG reduction
commitments. A revamped interagency and private partnership program will promote
greenhouse gas reduction in these countries by improving market -based innovation
and diffusion of low-GHG technologies. It will work with decision-makers in
emerging markets making the markets most conducive to the adoption and diffusion
of these cleaner technologies. Targeted actions will facilitate efficient market
decisions, including reform of MDB lending procedures, on-line exchange of market
and supplier information, and access to financing. Training, case studies, and
other activities will disseminate information about low-GHG technology options
and will enhance the private sector expertise in developing and transition
countries.
International Analysis - A new GHG reduction agreement is due to be
negotiated under the FCCC by the end of 1997. In 1998 OPPE will provide
international analyses necessary to help win Senate ratification of the
agreement. OPPE will develop options and help negotiate rules to implement key
pieces of the 1997 protocol, including: international GHG trading and "joint
implementation:" verification and compliance mechanisms; and performance of
developing country obligations. The FCCC calls for its review in 1998* OPPE will
develop relevant evaluations, proposals for improving the treaty or its
implementation strategy, and assist negotiation of them internationally. OPPE
will work with key developing countries to assess the non-climate benefits of
climate mitigation actions, with a view to strengthening their commitments under
the expected "Kyoto Mandate." Finally, OPPE will develop targeted analyses to
influence the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, including revision of the global GHG projections and policy scenarios,
evaluation of options to enhance diffusion of advanced environmental
technologies, and possible economic consequences of action and inaction.
information and Outreach - One of the keys to successfully addressing
climate change is to provide a more complete understanding of the issue. Working
closely with the Office of Air and Radiation, OPPE is developing an integrated
outreach effort to educate the public about the science of global climate change.
This effort will include communicating the causes and risks of climate change,
the benefits of reducing GHG emissions, and the costs of taking no action.
Activities will include: enhancing our voluntary partnerships with states and
localities; educating groups and communities that are at risk from the impacts
of climate change; encouraging businesses to provide renewable energy/energy
efficient technology worldwide; and highlighting successful partnerships and
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voluntary efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Outreach and education efforts will
result in increased public awareness about the science of climate change,, the
timing and magnitude of impacts, and of actions that individuals can take to
reduce GHG emissions.
Domestic Analysis - US Senate ratification and new implementing legislation
will be sought in 1998 for a new international agreement to mitigate GHG
emissions and the risks of climate change due to be signed in 1997. OPPE will
evaluate options for a domestic implementation strategy, and answer questions
about the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the options. OPPE will
assess more detailed issues that the debate will raise, such as the sectoral,
regional, labor, and price change impacts of the strategic options. Analysis and
assistance will be provided to states and localities to help them participate
effectively in, or carry out, the national strategy. Mechanisms to speed
domestic development and diffusion of low-emitting technologies will be
supported, including financing mechanisms, business-state economic/technology
partnerships, and economic incentives for technology innovation. OPPE will
prepare a comprehensive strategy for the U.S. to meet its commitments under the
new agreement and will establish a public /private partnership that facilitates
financing of low-emitting technologies. OPPE will also establish and compile
data on critical measures of performance to assess U.S. progress in meeting its
obligations under the new agreement.
QW CHAHGE; -lv.JL ETK +5300.6K
The reduction in workyears is a result of Administrative Reform
initiatives. Dollars will support increased costs for personnel, compensation,
and benefits .
1997 PRQGEAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,008,500 and 24.3 total workyears.
Major activities within this program component are the Cross- cutting Benefits
with an allocation of $774,900 and 4.3 total workyears, Economic Impacts with an
allocation of $711,000 and 2.3 total workyears, Technology Initiatives with an
allocation of $805,000 and 2.5 total workyears, International Analysis with an
allocation of $1,353,600 and 6.9 total workyears, Outreach and Communities with
an allocation of $308,600 and 2.0 total workyears, and Domestic Analysis with an
allocation of $1,055,400 and 6.3 total workyears.
Cross -Cut ting/Co-Control Benefits Initiative - OPPE identifies
environmental programs that have multiple environmental and economic benefits
across sectors and across media. Using integrated assessment tools, innovative
programs will be developed that cut across multiple environmental systems and
economic sectors, address multiple environmental problems, and reduce the
vulnerability of ecosystems to multiple stressors -- in order to achieve
environmental improvements more cost effectively. The goal is to bridge the gap
between single-media (and single-issue) approaches and their broader
environmental/economic effects (e.gr,, their impacts on multiple sectors such as
agriculture and forestry) . The focus will be on issues that are consistent with
the Agency's focus on long-term strategic planning, and with the Agency's long-
term environmental goals (as outlined in its Environmental Goals for America and
Milestones for 2005) .
Economic Impacts Assessment - OPPE continues to investigate the risks
associated with climate change, including potential impacts on ecosystems, human
health, and economic welfare. Particular attention will be paid to health issues,
such as the potential spread of vector-borne infectious diseases, and
fundamental issues of intergenerational equity and ecosystem protection. It is
imperative that a better understanding of global risks and vulnerabilities be
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developed in order to support the negotiation of post-2000 aims and protocols
tinder the FCCC and to reach a consensus on the need .for additional
mitigation/adaptation actions.
Climate Technology Initiative - OPPE contributes to the U.S. Climate
Technology Initiative (CTI) to accelerate diffusion worldwide of U.S.
technologies that help control GHG emissions, OPPE's efforts focus on in-country
market development, reducing market barriers, and enhancing access to commercial
and multilateral financing. CTI is the centerpiece of U.S. efforts to accelerate
development and diffusion worldwide of technologies that can help control GHG
emissions, and a key component of an overall strategy to gain explicit GHG
reduction commitments from developing countries under the FCCC. OPPE efforts
focus on in-country capacity building to assess and adopt climate-friendly
technologies, reducing market barriers to exports and international investments
in these technologies, improving access to information (OPPE sponsored Global
Energy Marketplace website is one of the top ten visited on the Internet), and
enhancing private sector and developing country access to commercial and
multilateral financing.
International Analysis - International analyses is critical to the
development of U.S. positions in negotiating a new international protocol under
the FCCC. An interagency program of analysis has been established by the White
House to prepare the analyses that policy makers will need, and OPPE is
responsible for major portions of the expected output. OPPE assesses
negotiation strategies and options for their expected GHG reductions, economic
impacts, distributional effects, and trade effects, among others. OPPE analyses
are critical inputs to writing international guidelines for implementation, such
as an emissions trading and compliance verification, and help ensure an "even
playing field" among countries. OPPE evaluates actions that other countries
should take, to reduce pressures on the U.S. for domestic GHG reductions and for
financial assistance for reductions abroad. In addition, OPPE begins work on
global scenarios of GHG emissions and projected atmospheric concentrations,
including consideration of possible future commitments by developing countries,
and the influence of technology diffusion from developed to developing countries.
information and Outreach - OPPE' s education and outreach efforts focus on
increasing public awareness about the science and impacts of the global climate
change issue. Efforts include communicating the timing and risks associated with
climate change and the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Activities include enhancing voluntary partnerships with states and localities,
highlighting successful partnerships and voluntary efforts to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, and broadening the reach of our education efforts through
electronic media and other creative outlets.
Domestic Analysis * Options for domestic implementation of international
GHG commitments in the post-2000 time period are being evaluated to ensure that
agreements negotiated under the FCCC are achievable and consistent with other
U.S. policy objectives. Trade and competitiveness impacts are being assessed.
These analyses are expected from OPPE
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PROJKCT XL
1998 PROGRAM EBOPEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,171,100 and 37,9 total workyears in 1998
for the Project XL program component.
M&JOR
Project XL is a centerpiece of the President's regulatory reinvention
efforts and major activities within this program component are Project XL
Facilities with a request of $2,087,000 and 12.9 total workyears, Project XL
Communities {XLC) with a request of $618,100 and 5.0 total workyears, and Project
XL in the Regions with a request of $1,466,000 and 20.0 total workyears.
In 1998, the results and spirit of regulatory reform will be even more
visible within the Agency. OPPE will redesign XL in such a way as to encourage
the submission of project proposals which reflect the priorities of the program
offices and promote the regulatory reforms that make the most sense to all
stakeholders. Further, OPPE will continue to expand capacity with regional and
state partners to further increase the scope of the XL program. Project XL
resources will be used to assemble a tool box of protocols, methodologies,
services, and analytic models for use by state and regional project managers.
Project XL resources will support technical analysis for project selection,
the management of the XL selection process, participation in the XL selection
process, and independent evaluation of the program. This is an integral step in
EPA's attempts to craft new approaches to environmental protection for the 21st
century. In order to facilitate the evaluation and management of the XL program,
OPPE will dedicate resources to administrative record keeping.
OPPE is managing the XLC Pilot Program, which promotes regulatory
flexibility for communities in exchange for environmental benefits than are
greater than those achieved through full compliance with current and anticipated
regulations. These pilot projects build cooperation among citizens, businesses,
non-profit organizations, and governments at the community level. In 1998, OPPE
will continue to provide the XLC project infrastructure and to undertake an
evaluative effort for individual projects and the program overall.
The Regions will support Project XL activities, fostering the regulatory
flexibility needed by industry, communities-, and government entities while
promoting environmental results. Project XL proposals and acceptances are
expected to increase dramatically in 1998 , and the Regions will be a vital
partner in the solicitation, review, and screening of proposals. The Regions
will also negotiate FPAs and oversee implementation of projects.
EXPLaHATION PF CHMIGB: +19 . 9 FIB1 +Slf_615.3K
The Agency redirects 20.0 total workyears and $1,590,200 to the Regions to
support Project XL. This investment will promote reinvention, partnerships, and
improve environmental results. This investment is partially offset by the
reduction of 0.1 total workyear to reflect savings due to Administrative Reform
initiatives. Additional dollars will support increased personnel, compensation,
and benefit costs.
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1997 PROGRAM
The agency's budget is a total of $2,555,800 and 18.0 total workyears for
the Project XL program component . Major activities within this program component
are Proj.ect XL Facilities with an allocation of $1,940,600 and 13.0 total
workyears and Project XL Communities with an allocation of $615,200 and. 5.0 total
workyears .
Project 'XL is a series of real world tests of innovative strategies that
achieve cleaner and cheaper results than conventional regulatory approaches.
Each project involves the granting of regulatory flexibility by EPA in exchange
for an enforceable commitment by a regulated entity to achieve better
environmental results than would have been attained through full regulatory
compliance. Project XL is designed to be an open and inclusive stakeholder
process and provides the building blocks for improved environmental management
in the 21st century. In 1997, OPPE accelerates Project XL activities and
transitions from the project selection phase to begin implementing pilot projects
for facilities regulated by EPA. Project XL Communities works with an increased
number of communities to identify and launch community demonstration projects.
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
The Agency requests a total of $4,226,300 and 34.4 total workyears in 1998
for the Environmental Information program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are environmental statistics
with a request of $2,499,100 and 20.8 total workyears and environmental
information and public access initiatives with a request of .$1, 727, 200 and 13.6
total workyears .
The Agency will continue development and promotion of geographic
information systems for community- based planning and expansion of methodological
improvements such as statistical sampling and other techniques for enhancing our
decision making. OPPE will support and expand on electronic public access
vehicles for national state level environmental indicator data, including
INTERNET access. We will also provide technical transfer of environmental
indicator data to state environmental programs and the public via traditional
non- electronic means (e.g., workshops and hardcopy clearinghouse information) in
recognition that not all clients and partners are at the same level of computer
access and use. Among the unmet needs of .environmental managers is a complement
of analytic tools to strengthen our environmental decision making. These tools
result in increased efficiency, cost savings, and better coordination of Agency
resources .
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE i +0.2 FTE -5287. 6K
Changes in 1998 are a result of the Agency reorganization which has shifted
some functions from OPPE to the Planning, Budgeting, and Accountability
workgroup .
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1597 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,513,900 and 34.2 total workyears for
the Environmental Information program component. Major activities within this
program component are statistics with an allocation of $2,691,600 and 20.9 total
workyears and environmental information and public access with an allocation of
$1,822,300 and 13.3 total workyears.
In .1997, the Agency completes the development and issuance of environmental
goals, working with other Federal agencies and non-government stakeholders to
ensure effective implementation. OPPE completes an environmental information and
acquisition plan, and establishes Agency official statistics linked to highly
sophisticated data management and analysis software. OPPE develops environmental
indicators and makes them available on the INTERNET and increases work with
states on the National Environmental Performance Partnership System. Key outputs
of this effort will be development of a series of "official statistics" to
electronically distribute Agency approved assessments of the environment,
establishment of statistically-based sampling technique to reduce the burden of
entities reporting to EPA, and EPA data handling and training in statistical
sampling methods. Finally, to support the needs for increased public access to
data, the Agency supports and expands electronic access vehicles for national and
state-level environmental indicator data providing technical transfer of these
data to stakeholder groups and the public via traditional non-electronic means
(workshops, hardcopy).
COMMUNITY BASED ENVIRQNMSNTAIi_PROTKCTION
1998 PROGRAM REOtTBgT
The Agency requests a total of $4,182,400 and 27.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Community Based Environmental Protection (CBEP) program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, OPPE will continue and expand its efforts to assist EPA Regions,
states, and localities in building the capacity to perform integrated, geographic
approaches to environmental protection that emphasize ecological integrity, human
health, and the associated improvements in economic sustainability and quality
of life. Information, analytic and technical assistance, and funding will be
provided to a variety of stakeholders to enhance their abilities in key CBEP
related areas; economics (environmentally-compatible economic development,
sustainable economics, benefits of ecosystem protection); ecosystem science
(ecological targeting, ecorisk assessment, landscape ecology, ecosystem
sustainability}; social sciences {community cultural profiling, conflict-
resolution, consensus-building); and cross-cutting efforts (community and
ecosystem sustainability indicators, sprawl/brownfields, integrated GIS systems,
community visioning, and multiattribute decisionmaking).
Capacity-building services will be provided through several vehicles: an
electronic clearinghouse; handbooks; issue briefs; fact sheets; training; on-site
technical assistance; pilot projects; and financial support. All efforts will
involve partnerhsip with other Federal agencies, EPA Regions, academic
institutions, associations, state and local governments, and non-government
organizations, in order to provide maximum , out reach and leverage for OPPE's
limited resources.
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EXPLANATION OF CHANGE i -2.1 FTE -S142.3K
This change reflects the redirection of workyears which supported the
President's .National Service Program. Although the need for challenging
communities and the private sector to enter into unique partnerships to promote
community environmental service activities is still high, the Agency feels
compelled to redirect these workyears in 1998 in support of other higher priority
activities. This disinvestment may result in reduction or elimination of support
for communities and private sector partnerships to work in wellhead protection,
solid-waste management, urban stream restoration, lead abatement, and pollution
prevention, but it is hoped the concept of this innovative environmental
management tool will be carried on through program offices and other CBEP
activities. A reduction of 0.1 total workyear reflects savings due to
Administrative Reform initiatives.
1997 PROGRAM
Major activities within this program component are the Community Based
Environmental Protection initiatives with an allocation of $4,324,700 and 29.1
total • workyears .
Major activities in 1997 include several publications: a CBEP Citizens
Handbook; Handbook on Compatible Economic Development; Community Cultural
Profiling Handbook; a revised Guide to Community Indicators of Sustainability;
a Handbook on Financing and other Implementation Issues for CBEP Efforts; and
demonstration of CBEP approaches to reducing the impacts of urban growth on the
Everglades in South Florida. OPPE's "CBEP Clearinghouse" will go on line this
year. A CD-ROM on the "sustainable development movement" in the U.S. is in
production. Training programs will address sustainable economics, ecological
risk assessment, indicators of community sustainability, compatible economic
development, and conflict resolution. ESTAT -- a GIS system integrating all
major EPA data bases, as well as environmental, economic, and sociological issues
will be pilot- tested in all EPA Regions, and made available to the general public
through the Internet Methodologies and techniques for communicating ecological
risks and performing community sociocultural profiling are to be carried out, in
conjunction with EPA Regions and other federal agencies. Issue briefs and fact
sheets will be provided on a variety of topics including nature-based tourism,
green marketing, growth and environmental protection, marketing, communicating
environmental issues, urban sprawl, ecological sustainability, ecosystem
services, ecosystem- level indicators.
CBEP policy initiatives will feature OPPE coordination of a CBEP framework
for EPA, aimed at providing staff and management with a clearer indication of
ways to apply CBEP to Agency programs and policies . A concept paper on methods
for targeting natural resources of national significance and ecosystems in danger
of collapse or disappearance will supplement the Framework. In conjunction with.
the Office of Water, OPPE will issue case studies of two watershed projects in
which the Agency has been involved, evaluating these efforts in an attempt to
identify effective strategies for implementing such efforts .
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
1998 PRQGR&M
The Agency requests a total of $587,400 and 4.0 total workyears in 1998 for
its wo.rk in Environmental Justice program component,
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MAJOR ACTiyiTIBS
OPPE will conduct one major activity within this program component and that
is the Cumulative Exposure Project. This project will assess combined exposures
to multiple pollutants from multiple sources through multiple pathways . This is
an extension of, previous environ.men.tal justice studies, which have tended to
focus more on proximity to facilities (e.g. hazardous waste sites, TRI emitters)
rather than on actual exposures. Existing data and methods are used to develop
estimates of cumulative exposure to air toxics, food contaminants, and drinking
water contaminants across communities, race/ethnic groups, and incomes,
Additionally, OPPE will develop a web page and other vehicles to make data, from
Phase 1 national analyses (cumulative outdoor air toxics concentrations;
cumulative exposures to food contaminants; and cumulative exposures to drinking
water contaminants), publicly available. OPPE will complete our first cottBnunity-
level analysis of cumulative exposure and initiate additional community- level
analyses, OPP1 will follow-up Phase 1 national analyses by incorporating
additional exposure categories to be selected, such as indoor air, broader
representation of .dietary profiles representing additional subpopulations, and
analysis of futures scenarios for air toxics representing full implementation of
the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
EXPIAHATION OF CHANGE; +S47.6K
Additional dollars will support increased personnel, compensation, and
benefit costs.
The Agency's budget is a total of $53.9,800 and 4,0 total workyears for the
Environmental -Justice program component.
In accordance with a Science Advisory Board (SAB) Futures recommendation,
OPPE builds on our Cumulative Exposure Project and estimate ambient
concentrations of hazardous air pollutants by census tract, for the 48 contiguous
states.- OPPE uses this baseline data for developing a tool that can be used to
make projections for pollutants by making adjustments to the emissions inventory
and other analytical input. OPPB evaluates how anticipated economic and
demographic changes in the U.S. affects ambient concentrations of air toxics.
OPPE's Won-Cartcer Benefits Assessments project 'will identify methods for
expanding the treatment of non- cancer effects in EPA analyses through two
separate but unrelated elements -- evaluate the likelihood of non-cancer effects
due to exposures to toxic pollutants, and develop benefit values for the
avoidance of non-cancer effects.
MANAGEMENT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,559,700 and 23.9 total workyears for 1998
in the Management program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Program Management with
a request of $2,159,900 and 23.9 total workyears, and Working Capital Fund (WCF)
resources of $1,399,800.
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In 1998, the Assistant Administrator (AA) for OPPE will use Program
Management resources to oversee activities that strengthen the relationship
between the economy and the environment, increase the Agency's cross-media focus
and flexibility to integrate across programs and statutes, improve the quality
of the Agency's statistical data and public access, and continue efforts to
r.eengineer the Agency's regulatory process. OPPE will place a key role in
efforts to implement lessons learned from the CSI, Project XL and CBEP. OPPE
will continue to promote high priority initiatives such as the President ' s CCAP .
OPPE will continue its commitment to customer service and to improving internal
administrative services such as financial management, contracts management, human
resources, and information resource management. WCF resources will fund
information systems support and postage costs.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: ^.JLEJB -$122. 4K
Workyears are redirected from Management to support higher priority Agency
activities.
1997 BROSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,682,100 and 26.9 total workyears for
the Management program component. Major activities within this program component
are Program Management with an allocation of $2,206,100 and 26.9 total workyears
and the WCF with an allocation of $1,476,000.
In 1997, the AA for the OPPE uses Management program component resources
to focus on activities that strengthen the relationship between the economy and
the environment, increase the Agency's cross-media focus and flexibility to
integrate across programs and statutes, improve the quality of the Agency's
statistical data and public access, and continue efforts to reengineer the
Agency's regulatory process. OPPE places a key role in activities related to the
CSI, Project XL, and CBEP. OPPE continues to promote high priority initiatives
such as the President's CCAP. OPPE continues its commitment to customer service
and to improving administrative services such as financial management, contracts
management, human resources, and information resource management. WCF resources
fund information systems support and postage costs .
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,953,500 and 46,9 total workyears in 1998
for the Regulatory Reinvention program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIRS
Major activities within this program component are Regulatory Management
with a request of $1,182,200 and 15.9 total workyears, activities associated with
compliance for the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA)
with a total request of $227,300 and 3.0 total workyears. Information Management
and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) with a request of $2,076,600 and 13.0 total
workyears. Small Business Ombudsman activities with a total request of $477,000
and 3.0 total workyears, and Monitoring Reinvention with a request of $990,400
and 12.0 total workyears.
Regulatory Management initiatives will continue to oversee the day-to-day
management of the Agency's rulemaking system, including administration of the
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Tiering exercises, and expansion of the system to provide streamlined review and
approval of Reports to Congress, In 1998, with implementation of the Agency-wide
regulatory information system (RIS) , the Agency will be better able to develop,
manage, and report on EPA regulations. The RIS system will allow electronic
transmission of the Regulatory Plan and Agenda to OMB. Through its Regulatory
Management activities, OPPE will continue to improve the Agency's rulemaking
process, promoting compliance with the requirements of Executive Order 12866 that
adequate risk and benefit/cost analysis lie behind the Agency's most significant
actions. OPPE will continue to provide strategic advice to CSI subcommittees,
incorporating lessons learned to minimize and eliminate regulatory burden where
possible. OPPE will promote paperwork burden reduction by reviewing new and
existing collections to minimize unnecessary burden, provide paperwork analysis
and reduction for CSI industrial sectors, and foster electronic maintenance and
transfer of required environmental information.
EPA's regulatory management ensures compliance with basic statutes (APA,
RFA, SBREFA, et. al.) while introducing reinvention themes to the Agency's rule-
making. With the addition of 3.0 total workyears for SBREFA implementation,
OPPE will be able to provide a modest level of planning, tracking and
coordination for SBREFA activities throughout the Agency, including limited
support for Panels, Compliance Guides, and Congressional Review.
During 1998, the EDI Initiative will focus on the goal of extending
production electronic reporting to state-delegated programs and to small
businesses, working closely with the National Pollution Discharge and Elimination
System (NPDES), the Safe Drinking Water, and the Hazardous Waste programs.
Activities in support of this goal will include pilot testing of electronic
submission alternatives to standard EDI and chairing an Agency workgroup effort
to finalize electronic reporting implementation policy, expanding the existing
legal framework to accommodate state-delegated programs, and electronic
submission over the Internet or via third-party service providers. The EDI
initiative will also work to extend production electronic reporting to additional
programs, with focus on stationary source Clean Air Act programs, trans-border
hazardous waste reporting, and the submission of toxicity data under TSCA and
FIFRA. Finally, the EDI initiative will continue to support the streamlining of
regulatory reporting, working closely with the CSI sectors and the 'One-Stop'
reporting initiative in partnership with participating programs and states
The Small Business Ombudsman will continue to: serve as the Agency's
liaison and advocate for the small business community; have delegated
responsibility for the Section 507 assistance program established under the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA),- and serve as the Agency's Asbestos Ombudsman,
as required under the Asbestos Hazards Emergency Response Act (AHERA) of 1986.
An increase of one total workyear to support the Small Business Ombudsman will
allow for more directed outreach to small businesses participating in regulatory
development under the terms of SBREFA. While SBREFA has elevated both the
visibility and demand for Ombudsman intervention, this request will support the
current minimum level of services to small business.
The Monitoring Reinvention program will be on the cutting edge of
monitoring, improving compliance, and promoting a new performance-based approach
to environmental management. Monitoring Reinvention will streamline the approval
process, ensuring Agency approval systems for monitoring technologies are
efficient and timely by bringing the performance-based measurement system (PBMS)
to fruition, and working with states to ensure that new, more accurate, and less
expensive monitoring technologies/methods are appropriately applied. Other
initiatives w,il,l include playing a central rple in. fulfilling EPA's commitment
to the reduction of barriers and creation of incentives for technology innovation
within the environmental protection framework. OPPE will support federal, state,
and local efforts to reinvent environmental management by injecting more
flexibility into regulatory, permitting, and compliance programs, and by
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strengthening incentives for the use of innovative pollution prevention,
remediation, and control methods.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +4.0 FTE -S340.5K
This change reflects the redirection of resources to support the Small
Business Ombudsman function as well as resources to carry-out SBREFA
responsibilities and requirements. Dollars also provide for increased personnel,
compensation and benefit costs.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,294,000 and 42.9 total workyears for
the Regulatory Reinvention program component. Major activities within this
program component are Regulatory Management with an allocation of $1,409,800 and
15.9 total workyears, Information Management and EDI with an allocation of
$1,614,700 and 13.0 total workyears, implementation of a small business
compliance demonstration project pursuant to section 215 of the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 with an allocation of $1,000,000, the
Small Business Ombudsman with an allocation of $423,700 and 2.0 total workyears,
and Monitoring Reinvention with an allocation of $845,800 and 12.0 total
workyears.
EPA's Burden Reduction program continues to focus on three complementary
functions: reviewing new and existing collections to minimize unnecessary burden;
providing paperwork analysis and reduction for CSI industrial sectors; and
fostering the electronic maintenance and transfer of required environmental
information. EPA's regulatory management function administers the Action
Development Process to comply with basic statutes (APA, RFA, SBREFA, et. al.)
while introducing reinvention themes to the Agency's rulemaking.
In 1997, the EDI Initiative is beginning to address the expansion of
production electronic reporting to state-delegated programs and to small
businesses, working closely with the NPDES, the Safe Drinking Water, and the
Hazardous Waste programs. Activities in support of this goal include developing
and prototyping of electronic submission alternatives to standard EDI and
convening a workgroup of state representatives and other interested parties in
.an effort to identify and address the program and legal issues raised ,by state-
delegated electronic reporting. The EDI initiative is also beginning work to
pilot test EDi in additional programs, with focus on stationary source tAA
reporting, trans-border hazardous waste/toxic materials reporting within the
framework of NAFTA, and the submission of toxicity data under TSCA and FIFRA.
Finally, the EDI initiative actively supports the streamlining of regulatory
reporting, carrying forward work with metal finishing and other industries under
the CSI, and working closely with the 'One-Stop' reporting initiative in
partnership with participating programs and states.
The Small Business Ombudsman serves as the Agency's liaison and advocate
for the small business community, has delegated responsibility for the Section
507 assistance program established under the CAA; and serve as the Agency's
Asbestos Ombudsman, as required under the AHERA of 1986.
The Monitoring Reinvention Program provides expertise to communities and
small businesses and promotes performance based approaches to environmental
management. Activities also play a central role in fulfilling EPA's commitment
to reduce barriers and create incentives for technology innovation within the
environmental protection framework.
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TECHHQLOSX:
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests no resources for the technology program component in
1988.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -SI. OOP. OK
Resources will be redirected from this program component to support other
higher priority Agency activities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,000,000 for the Technology program
component. In accordance with Conference Report language, in 1997, the Agency
directs $1,000,000 to support the Michigan Biotechnology Institute's pilot
program for commercializing environmental technologies of national strategic
benefit .
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency request a total of $5,257,700 and 31.3 total workyears in 1998
for the Economics program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Economic Analysis with
a total request of $3,989,800 and 21.8 total workyears, and the Economic Studies
Center with a total request of $1,267,900 and 9.5 total workyears.
Economic Analysis - OPPE will conduct empirical analyses of the costs and
benefits of regulatory programs, and support advancements in economic benefit and
cost assessment methods across the Agency. OPPE will conduct research on
benefit-cost techniques and will prepare analyses on the benefits and costs of
proposed environmental legislation and regulations, with emphasis placed on
assessing cumulative sets of regulations or total programs . OPPE will support
economic analyses on the effects of environmental regulations on the size,
structure, and performance of domestic and international economic markets.
Projects will be conducted to measure the influence of environmental costs on
individual plant and industrial sector performance, and develop national and
regional economic models to measure the relationships between economic and
environmental policies on economic performance measures. OPPE will also support
implementation of economic guidance and policies that apply across EPA. The
research and analyses will advance the state of knowledge in benefit estimation
and valuation, and aid in the cost-effective use of Agency and societal
resources .
Economic Studies Center ~ OPPE will .manage a program that provides
technical assistance on the conduct of economic analysis of environmental
programs. OPPE will augment the analytic capacity of program offices by focusing
on applied research, information provision, and technical assistance that can be
provided more efficiently by a central group. The Center will serve to achieve
economies of scale by pooling and managing some part of EPA's resources devoted
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to economic analysis, avoiding duplication of effort, and promoting greater
consistency and reliability of measurement techniques. Some areas of research
and analysis will include; the valuation of environmental and human health
effects where critical information gaps exist; measuring the economic impacts on
small business and governments required under SBREFA; and the evaluations of
alternative regulatory strategies such as information programs and economic
incentive systems . The Center will operate as an information clearinghouse and
technical assistance service, including assistance in the coordination and
adoption of technical peer reviews of social science products. Specific goals
include support of applied research to improve benefit estimation capabilities,
technical assistance and expert consulting services, and participation in
collaborative projects with individual programs. The Center intends to achieve
economies of scale in development of information, avoid" duplication of effort,
and promote greater consistency and reliability of measurement techniques.
EXPLANATION OF CHMTGE; -4.4 FTE +S263.3K
Workyears are redirected to support other high priority Agency activities.
Dollar increase will support increased personnel, compensation,' and benefit
costs .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,994,400 and 35.7 total workyears for
the Economics program component. Major activities within this program component
are Economic Analysis with an allocation of $3,556,900 .and 21.8 total workyears,
and the Economic Studies Center with an allocation of $1,437,500 and 13.9 total
workyears .
Economic Analysis - The office supports economic analyses on the effects
of environmental and economic policies o'n the size, .structure, and performance
of domestic and international economic markets. This includes: analyzing supply
and demand for environmental services? measuring the influence of environmental
costs on individual plant and industrial sector performance (e.g., productivity,
location) ,- producing national and regional economic models to measure the
relationships between economic and environmental policies on economic performance
measures (e.g. , output, growth, profit, social welfare) ; constructing frameworks
within which environmental quality can be introduced into regional and national
economic accounting systems; and analyzing the effectiveness of economic
instruments in meeting environmental and economic policy objectives.
Economic Studies Center - The office conducts empirical analyses of the
benefits of regulatory programs, and support advancements in economic benefit and
cost assessment methods across the Agency. This includes conducting research on
benefit-cost techniques; producing training and guidance materials on economic
methods; coordinating the identification and funding of research and analysis
of critical information gaps for categories of economic benefits,- and preparing
analyses on the benefits and costs of proposed environmental legislation and
regulations .
IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
1998
The Agency requests a total of $4,496,000 and 61.0 total workyears for 1998
in the Improved Understanding of the Environment program component-
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
This program component reflects much of the Regional component of OPPE.
Major activities within this program component are Regulatory Review with a
request of $434,900 and 5.9 total workyears, Risk Assessment and Communication
with a request of $1,090,800 and 14.8 total workyears, Ecosystems Management with
a request of $243,200 and 3.3 total workyears, Regional and State Planning with
a request of $1,407,800 and 19.1 total workyears, Program Evaluation with a total
request $81,100 and 1.1 total workyears, Management Accountability with a total
request of $315,900 and 4.3 total workyears, Government Performance and results
Act (GPRA) with a request of $803,400 and 10.9 total workyears, and
Transportation activities with a request of $117,900 and 1,6 total workyears.
The Regions will continue to carry out essential planning activities that
enable them, in concert with other Federal agencies, states, and local entities,
to achieve an improved understanding of the environment and identify how to use
various multi-media approaches to address high-risk priorities. Additionally,
the Regions will continue support for strategic planning, GPRA and other
accountability efforts, implement an effective regulatory review analysis
program, conduct risk assessment and risk management services, and provide risk
assessment management/communication training for regional and state personnel .
The Regions will also promote and support new initiatives such as CBEP, the
National Environmental Performance Partnership System, and State of the
Environment reports . The Regions will continue to work and build partnerships
with state, local, and tribal officials, as well as representatives of
environmental groups and industry, to identify key environmental goals, formulate
specific strategies for achieving them, and develop environmental indicators to
measure progress .
EXPIANATION OF CH&NSg; -•t...l.JTB
This request redirects FTE from risk communication activities to the
Project XL program component (which had no base resources in 1997) . The
investment will promote reinvention, partnerships, and improve environmental
results .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,551,300 and 65.1 total workyears for
the Improved Understanding of the Environment program component. Major
activities within this program component are Regulatory Review with a request of
$412,500 and 5.9 total workyears. Risk Assessment and Communication with a
request of $1,321,300 and 18.9 total workyears, Ecosystems Management with a
request of $230,700 and 3,3 total workyears, Regional and State Planning with a
request of $1,335,300 and 19.1 total workyears, Program Evaluation with a total
request $76,900 and 1.1 total workyears, Management Accountability with a total
request of $300,600 and 4,3 total workyears, GPRA with a request of $762,000 and
10.9 total workyears, and Transportation activities with a request of $111,900
and l . 6 total workyears . »
In 1997, Regional activities support essential planning, evaluation and
analysis activities as well as activities which support CBEP, The Regions
continue their work with state, local and tribal officials, and with non-
government organizations NGOs to refine and begin implementation of strategies
to meet National environmental goals and to develop environmental indicators to
gauge the success of strategies. Implementation of the GPRA continues as Regions
'update their strategic plans . The Regions participate in the development and
implementation of CBEP efforts through various activities. The Regions engage
in activities to support state comparative risk projects. The Regions are
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involved in regulatory reinvention efforts and devote resources to support work
in Project XL.
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
ENVIBOHMEHTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
TOM SOMHWHr: by PROGRAM COMEONEHT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COHEOHEWE J« 1996 FY 1997 FY 1997 FY 1998 DIFFERENCE
OP ELAN BUBS. HDD. EHRCTED BUD. REQ. 98 - 97
AA. RESEARCH ADD DEVEIOPMEKT
Eeosyatoms Erotcotion (Eco»y3 Prot)
TOTAL DOKLARS 1,960.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
FEES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haw Technology and Pollution Prevention
TOTAL DOLLARS 340.0 0.0 300.0 0.0 -300.0
FEES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
EHVIRONMENTM. PROGRAMS AMD MAHAGBMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS: 2,300.0 0.0 300.0 0.0 -300.0
RE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency request? a total of $0,0 and 0.0 total workyears for 1998 in the
Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) Account for the Office of Research
and Development.
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AMP ^ POLLUTION PREVENTION
1998 PROGRAM _RBQIffiSI
The Agency requests a total of $0 and 0.0 total workyears for 1998 for the
New Technology and Pollution Prevention Program Component.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 0.0 FTE -gJOO.QK
The EPM New Technology and Pollution Prevention program component is not
requesting resources for a Congressional earmark supporting the Iowa Waste
Reduction Center.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $300,000 and 0.0 total workyears for the
New Technology and Pollution Prevention program component. Major activities
within this program component are :
o Resources for the Congressional earmark supporting the Iowa Waste
Reduction Center.
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UtUTKU STATES ENVTROHMEHTAI. PROTECTION JUSEHOT
FX98 PKESIDEHT'S BUDGET
EKVIROHMENTM. PROGRAMS WTO MMlfiGEMENT
HEM StJMMARY: by PROGRRM COMPONEHT
{dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMTOHEHT
FY 1996
OF ELAN
F* 1997
PRES- BUD.
SX 1997
ENDU2FED
EY 1998
HUD. BBQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA SOI.ID 1OSXE C EMEHG RESPONS
Hazardema and Solid Waste Inj>lementation
TOTAL DOIiRRS 62,594.8 67,946.0
FTES 475.8 547.2
60,423.9 63,050.4
S36.3 546.2
2,626.5
9.9
Direction of National
TOTAL DOXXftRS
FTES
£ Solid Waste Programs
64,043.9 74,418.1
302.7 307.3
64,066.1 66,602.2
306.0 307.7
2,536.1
1.7
Prev, Detection, Correction o£ Releases from USTs
TOTAL DOUARS 6,722.4 7,318.9 6,295.4 6,715.0
FTES 57.2 58.5 55.7 57.2
419.6
1.5
Accident Preparedness, Prev and Investigations
TOTJUCi DOEUms 11,435.5 14,853.0 13,183.8 13,858.8
FTES 54.8 69.0 76.7 73.7
67S.O
-3.0
TOTM, DO1LARS:
144,796.6
890.5
164,536.0
982. ,0
143,969.2
974.7
150,226.4
984. B
6,257.2
10.1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $150,226,400 and 984.8 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
Most industrial and commercial processes and many everyday activities
produce wastes. Some of these wastes are classified as hazardous to human health
and the environment. Improper management of wastes can lead to fires,
explosions, and contamination of air, soil, and water, including ground water.
Recent nationwide efforts have reduced the amount and toxicity of generated
waste.
OSWER's programs for solid and hazardous waste management, chemical
emergency preparedness and prevention, and underground storage tanks, advance the
Agency's goals for safe waste management and empowering communities with
information. These programs contribute to the Agency's objectives by minimizing
the quantity and toxicity of waste created by residential, commercial, industrial
and governmental activities; ensuring the environmentally sound management of
solid and hazardous wastes; and preparing for accidental releases o.f hazardous
substances into the environment.
OSWERs solid and hazardous waste program establishes standards for
hazardous waste management and oversees corrective action at approximately 4,000
facilities that handle hazardous waste. Permits and corrective actions are
prioritized according to a national system based on risk. Using the Agency's
criteria for risk reduction and regulatory reinvention, the priorities are on
making permit decisions at high priority land disposal and combustion facilities,
reaching the 2003 cleanup goal for 1,950 facilities through stabilization or
final cleanup in corrective action, promoting waste management systems that are
tailored to risk, and; reducing federal oversight while emphasizing technical
assistance.
The RCRA program will expand the Agency's Urban Initiative which provides
cities, local governments, and businesses tools and information to develop
community-based responses to issues of reviving contaminated properties and
correcting environmental barriers to redevelopment. OSWER also contributes to
the President's environmental commitment made in Kalamazoo for the Americans'
Right-to-Know initiative, by developing enhanced environmental indicators in
order to monitor the environmental impacts, as well as health effects, and
integrating them into existing public information systems.
OSWERs chemical accident program is encouraging states to implement the
accidental release prevention program. This will enable states to deal with the
significant requirements of the Clean Air Act, and build better prevention
programs tailored to local priorities. ,Recognizing that informed citizens are
one of the best tools for continuous improvement, OSWER will also concentrate on
promoting public access to community right-to-know (CRTK) information, as well
as helping local communities and individual facilities incorporate facility risk
information into their respective emergency planning programs. OSWER is also
working in conjunction with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) to continue to implement the EPA/OSHA joint accident investigation program
that investigates root causes of chemical accidents, and provides recommendations
for their future prevention.
Sound management practices for underground storage tanks will also be a
major thrust as the December 31, 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing or
closing tanks approaches. The FY 1998 Budget Request will'keep the Agency on
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track for meeting its 2003 goal for ensuring that 200,000 UST cleanups will be
completed.
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OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AMD EMERGENCY RESPONSE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
Annual
Cumulative
Environmental Programs Management
o Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)*
Permitting
Land Disposal
Incineration
Storage and Treatment
Corrective Action
Stabilization
Remedy Selection '
o Underground Storage Tanks
State Program Approval .Goal
o Accident Prevention
States With Implemented Programs
68
2
3
63
84
60
24
10
1,560
147
150
1,263
1,100
844
256
31
20
1997
Environmental Programs Management
o Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)*
Permitting
Land Disposal
Incineration
Storage and Treatment
Corrective Action
Stabilization
Remedy Selection
o Underground Storage Tanks
State Program Approval Goal
65
2
3
60
85
60
25
1,492
145
147
1,200
1,016
784
232
27
Accident Prevention
States With Implemented Programs
10
10
RCRA outputs are repeated under STAG appropriation.
identify lead (Federal or State).
Agency does not
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DIRECTION OF NATIOMM. H&ZARPOTJS AND SOLID WASTE PROGRAMS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $66,602,200 and 307.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Direction of National Hazardous and Solid Waste program component.
MAJOR
In 1998, flexibility, effectiveness, efficiency and responsiveness will
guide the strategy and the implementation of our responsibility for protecting
human health and the environment from the effects of uncontrolled exposure to
hazardous and non- hazardous wastes, RCRA, with its emphasis on prevention,
protects our national resources for the long term,
In 1998, the Agency will expand the Urban Initiative. The program will
provide cities with tools and information to develop community-based responses
to pressing issues of reviving contaminated properties and correcting
environmental barriers to redevelopment. In the RCRA program, the Urban
Initiative will expand successful pilot projects in waste minimization outreach,
especially for small businesses, that coordinate pollution prevention goals
across media, for example goals for reducing waste generation, energy usage and
water usage. Industry" specific, complete, user-friendly information and
assistance will target locally defined concerns . Another aspect of the initiative
will provide grants to local groups to fund community outreach and education and
expert assistance to help them become effective participants in environmental
decision-making in their neighborhoods. The Agency requests $1,122,000 and 1.5
total workyears for activities related to this effort.
More effective and efficient information management and better quality data
are major priorities for the RCRA program and for the Agency, underpinning all
of our other efforts. The President's environmental commitment made in
Kalamazoo for the Americans' Right-to-Know Initiative highlights and supports
these goals, in combination with better public access and improved environmental
indicators. The RCRA program's work in this area will focus on waste-site risks,
developing enhanced environmental indicators for the program to monitor
environmental impacts as well as health effects, and integrating them into
existing public information systems. The Agency requests $1,000,000 and 2.5
total workyears to support RCRA's work under the Kalamazoo/Right-to-Kiiow
initiative .
The Agency places reinvention as a priority for a wide range of tasks.
1998 reinvention efforts in RCRA encompass regulatory, procedural and outreach
activities. These activities have reached beyond the addition of new programs,
into fundamental changes to the way RCRA is managed and implemented at every
level. A major goal is to simplify definitions and implementation procedures to
achieve burden reduction for industry, for states, and for the Agency. Achieving
a better match between the level of ! risk of the waste and the management
standards imposed is a key reinvention element of recent RCRA regulatory work.
Greater flexibility and efficiency in implementation are also major objectives,
along with expanded public access and interaction with industry and community
groups in both the subtitle C hazardous waste program and the subtitle D program
for non-hazardous industrial and municipal wastes. Incorporating updates in
technology, clarifying requirements and ensuring consistency with other programs '
requirements will be additional areas of emphasis. Quality information and
efficient collection, as well as ease of public access, are watchwords for the
improvements to the information management systems for RCRA. Concurrent and
parallel endeavors identify performance measures and goals in order to improve
accountability.
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A logical starting point for RCRA reinvention efforts is improving the
guidelines for the entry to and exit from the RCRA hazardous waste management
system. Well-designed identification of hazardous waste can simplify RCRA waste
management decisions and provide incentives for waste reduction or recycling.
The revision of the RCRA characteristics, used in identifying wastes as hazardous
and regulated under the subtitle C system, is a priority in 1998. Utilizing more
recent scientific information, a re-examination of these fundamental definitions
for the RCRA program will lead to the elimination of unnecessary requirements as
well as the identification of gaps in protection, A related project, the
Hazardous Waste Identification Rulemaking (HWIR) , will continue in 1998. The
HWIR proposal outlines some common sense approaches to streamlining the
regulation and management of low-risk wastes, to be based on state-of-the-art
risk assessment methodologies. In addition, the Agency will proceed with ongoing
listings determinations. The Agency requests $6,613,600 and 38.1 total workyears
in 1998 for efforts under the hazardous waste characteristics and listings
program.
Other definitional issues have been inherently difficult for generators or
handlers of hazardous wastes and require separate regulatory action. A final rule
will be promulgated in 1998 for the Definition of Solid Waste, establishing
clearer standards for the recycling of hazardous waste. .In 1998 the RCRA program
will explore options to more effectively exclude some management methods and
situations from full subtitle C management, such as determining proper handling
of rags and wipes that have been used with hazardous materials, while maintaining
protection of human health and the environment. The Agency requests $776,400 and
2.5 total workyears for these activities.
In 1998, in concert with industry, environmental groups, states, tribes and
federal partners, the Agency will continue to develop strategies for better
incorporating risk into RCRA. waste identification and management standards,
Strong science for estimating risk is critical as are the definitions, methods
and risk models that inform and/or determine RCRA's regulatory standards.
Improved scientific underpinnings for any standards development effort also lead
directly to program efficiencies by reducing or eliminating the requirements for
managing low-risk wastes. Sound science and better risk information is critical
to the decision-making involved in balancing the expense of the waste management
standards imposed and the level of risk of the waste and the management
practices. A key project in this area in 1998 will be the multi pathway model
for human health and ecological risk assessment, which will provide a sound
scientific tool for making multimedia risk management decisions. Better
understanding in this area is important to ensure meticulous cost-benefit
analysis in regulatory actions. The Agency has made important strides toward
long-term improvement of the model, originally part of the Hazardous Waste
Identification Rulemaking, But substantial additional efforts will be needed for
a well-Integra ted and scientifically sound product/ which will be of benefit to
all EPA programs and to important ongoing rulemakings. Another consequential
limitation in the area of risk assessment is addressed in a project reviewing the
Leaching Procedures, used to help measure impacts of pollutants on groundwater.
Current leaching procedures have known areas of inapplicability. This may limit
the Agency in the flexibility it can offer industry based on site-specific
factors or on innovative waste treatment methods. In 1998, the Agency requests
$5,0.53,900 and ,13..4 total workyears to improve the scientific tools available to
the program, industry and the public.
Seeking ways to create more efficient implementation involves a wide array
of projects in RCRA. Implementation of the recommendations of the Permits
Improvement Team (PIT) will remain a priority in 1998. Practical permit
improvements, such as general permits for lower-risk facilities, a possible
.electronic or paperless permit, and other innovations will result in burden
reduction and cost savings to industry as well as to the program. The Agency
requests $2,264,600 and 16.1 total workyears to implement the PIT'S
recommendations. Other implementation improvements will be explored through RCRA
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participation in the XL projects, for which the Agency requests $460,600 and 3.2
total workyears. XL projects seek to achieve superior environmental performance
while finding alternative, often less expensive, methods of managing waste or
other pollutants.
The Agency will continue to develop streamlined technical and procedural
requirements for conducting corrective action as well. RCRA corrective action
cleans up significant releases to air, surface water, ground water and soil at
operating, closed or closing RCRA facilities. In 1998 the Agency will implement
the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HMIR) for contaminated media, which will
.be finalized in 1997. This rule will better connect risks posed by contaminated
soil, ground water and surface water to the regulatory standards that apply to
it, and it will allow greater flexibility in implementing cleanups of low-risk
contamination. The Agency requests $2,142,100 and 13.6 total workyears for this
program.
Increasingly, reinvention objectives are incorporated in the ongoing
regulations and waste management standard-setting that is required under RCRA.
In 1998, the Land Disposal Restrictions program will continue an examination of
mercury-bearing waste issues, an area of increased concern and changing
scientific understanding. Exposure is particularly dangerous for children.
Alternative technologies may be equally or more effective in handling this
hazardous substance. Another major task in 1998 derives from The Land Disposal
Program Flexibility Act of 1996, which calls for a study of the hazards posed by
surface impoundments containing "decharacterized waste".' The Agency requests
$4,240,200 and 18.2 total workyears for these efforts.
The National Waste Combustion Strategy for hazardous waste combustion
facilities addresses pollutants often released during combustion that are
priorities for the Agency to reduce because of the serious risks they pose to
human health. The new standards will reduce key hazardous air pollutants from
incinerators and industrial kilns significantly, including dioxina, furans and
mercury. The initial combustion rule for incinerators and large industrial
furnaces (cement and lightweight aggregate kilns) will be finalized in 1998. The
rulemaking emphasis will then shift, in a second rule, to the large population
of industrial boilers and the other remaining industrial furnaces. The Agency
requests $4,659,900 and 19.5 total workyears in 1998 for this activity.
In the Industrial D and Special Wastes 19.98 program, activities will focus
on finalizing regulations tailored to the specific risks posed by cement kiln
dust (CKD). Activities will also provide overall policy development and
implementation of industrial D, mining, and oil and gas waste minimization and
management guidelines and methods. Also in -this program in 1998, a final Mineral
Processing Rule will remove some of the barriers to the recycling of certain
secondary mineral processing materials. The Agency requests $2,284,000 and 11.8
total workyears for these activities.
As part of the wider Agency Common Sense Initiative, OSWER is the co-lead
for the petroleum efforts. RCRA is also particularly active in exploring
solutions and alternatives in the metal plating and electronics sectors. By
1998, RCRA will have completed a benchmark study of metal finishing sludges which
will provide the basis for the consideration of alternatives for optimizing
recycling in the industry. The Agency requests $1,499,700 and 6.5 total
workyears in 1998 for this activity.
While much is achieved through standards-setting, minimizing the volume and
toxicity of wastes is the one of the most effective means of protecting public
health and the environment from exposure to pollution and hazardous waste. The
information distributed through the process of waste minimization outreach will
also help reduce the burden on industry by saving significant amounts in avoided
materials and disposal costs. Sharing success studies and working with
generators to identify opportunities will help build momentum in this key aspect
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of sustainable environmental protection. The Agency requests $706,900 and 5.6
total workyears in 1998 to support policy development and ensure effective
coordination of this innovative project.
The Agency requests $1,020,000 and 3 total workyears in 1998 in this
program component to provide funds to conduct workforce development and technical
assistance support to residents of communities affected by brownfields
contamination. Workforce development and technical assistance is an important
component of the brownfields initiative. Many brownfields pilot communities have
proposed workforce development and technical assistance activities which would
enhance their brownfields pilot.
Subtitle D of RCRA addresses municipal and non-hazardous waste management
concerns. The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill disposal regulations and technical
assistance program ensures sound management techniques and approved state
programs for municipal waste landfills nationwide- In 1998, the Agency will
promulgate revisions to subtitle D landfill criteria in response to the Land
Disposal Flexibility Act, which requires increased flexibility for small
municipal solid waste landfills. A second statutory requirement will be met by
the development of labeling and certification standards based on changes to the
Universal Waste rule for batteries covered under the Mercury-Containing and
Rechargeable Battery Management Act. The Agency requests $672,400 and 5.6 total
workyears for these activities in 1998.
The 1998 municipal solid waste activities will focus on continuing to
identify and foster market incentives to recycle, on expanding source reduction
of municipal waste, and on the establishment of measurement methodologies in both
areas. An emphasis on improving the markets for recycled products will remain
a priority for the program. While many communities now have recycling collection
programs and infrastructure, without good markets for these materials the
programs may not be sustainable for the long term. The Chicago Board of Trade
Recyclables Exchange and the Conference of Mayors "Buy Recycled" training
institute were the initial steps in this market development process. The
Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines leverage Federal purchasing power to improve
the markets for recycled goods. Continued development of markets will ensure
that municipal investment in recycling pays off, and will also further the
creation of jobs in recycling industries. In 1998, the Agency requests
$2,604,500 and 13.5 total workyears for these efforts.
The Wastewi$e program promotes source reduction with industry, Government,
small communities and the public, demonstrating that pollution prevention and
economic efficiency form a powerful incentive for environmental protection. In
1998, this innovative voluntary partnership program will proceed with outreach
and technical support to assist and encourage businesses and other organizations
in taking cost-effective actions to reduce solid waste. Wastewi$e will build on
its success in these areas through demonstrating its effectiveness in extending
the life of products, which reduces the environmental impact of raw materials
extraction and of manufacturing, and through reducing the amount of solid waste
that is combusted. These changes reduce the amount of global warming gases
released into the air. In 1998, one area of expansion under exploration will use
the industry-specific sector approach, with specific examples and case studies
widely distributed to other companies in that sector. Another area of new
activity will be to include government facilities at the Federal, state and local
level in the WasteWi$e program. The Agency requests $1,523,400 and 8.9 total
workyears in 1998 for source reduction activities.
In 1998, the Agency will emphasize ongoing devolution to the states and
tribes as capacity and capability are expanded over time. The Agency will
proceed with implementing streamlined procedures for the state RCRA authorization
process, including self-authorizing provisions in regulatory actions. Many of
the specific support activities vary from year to year according to the needs and
requests of the program's customers, the states and tribes. The program will
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continue to give priority to working with tribes to improve their capability and
infrastructure for implementing RCRA. There will be direct assistance as well
as extensive technical support to enable tribes to implement subtitle C and
subtitle D programs on their lands. Municipal waste concerns will remain a
priority for many tribes in 1998. RCRA will provide support and build
capabilities on a range of subjects including setting up solid waste management
plans, implementing recycling programs, safe landfill management and closing of
illegal dumps, and a circuit rider system that brings waste management expertise
to tribal lands to discuss and coordinate on specific local issues . The Agency
requests $3,865,000 and 13.4 total workyears in 1998 for state and tribal
activities .
In 1398, RCRA also places priority on public access to information and on
more efficient management and collection of information. Several ongoing efforts
will reduce the burden on our partners and on ourselves, provide timely and
available information for our partners' and our own use, serve citizens' right
to be knowledgeable about their environment, and ensure an effective
accountability system is in place. Some of these efforts center on regulatory
changes. As part of the RCRA program's emphasis on public access, several
readable regulations projects are underway. For example, the Land Disposal
Program in 1998 will proceed with its "plain English" project, working to
consolidate and simplify guidance and regulations into easy-to-reference
documents. The Agency is also working to redesign the manifest system so that
it utilizes electronic means to transmit and store information as much as
possible, reducing the burden on industry by a significant amount. The Agency
is requesting $4,398,900 and 2.2 total workyears to support these activities.
Another prominent information management effort in the RCRA program is the
Waste Information Needs (WIN) project. In coordination with the regions and
states, WIN will facilitate the integration of RCRA program and information
management, to make reporting, record keeping and using waste information as easy
as possible . The states and EPA have pursued the exploration and distillation
of information needs and matching technology needs in a number of areas. By
1998, the initial recommendations of the WIN will be available. These will
result in the need for rulemaking and systems development resources in order to
begin implementation through revisions to the Biennial Reporting System (BRS) and
the RCRA Information System (RCRIS) . Full implementation of the results of the
ongoing Waste Information Needs project will reduce burdens on states and the
regulated community. In addition, these projects share a strong linkage with
RCRA's ongoing work to establish performance measurements and meet GPRA
requirements. The Agency requests $5,322,800 and 20.4 total workyears in the
Agency request in support of WIN and GPRA activities .
The Agency requests $5,454,545 and 47.6 total workyears on National
management of the RCRA program. It is vital to the efficient operation of the
Nation's hazardous waste program to invest these management resources. The
overall objective of RCRA management is to plan and direct the implementation of
programs and regulations which provide for the protection of human health and the
environment, while considering regulatory and resource constraints. A
significant level of policy attention1 is required for reform and reinvention
activities in order to identify and debate key program issues and implement
specific program decisions . Effective and comprehensive policy development and
sound management are integral to a well -implemented hazardous waste program.
EXBIAHATIOM OF CHAHSB...;. +1.7 FTK
Two new initiatives are requested in this component . An investment of
$789,000 supports the RCRA portion of the Agency's Urban Initiative. Community-
based solutions will be the focus of activities geared to -reduce environmental
barriers to economic renewal in cities throughout the U.S. The second investment
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($1,000,000; 2.5 total workyears) centers on RCRA's work under the Agency's
Kalamazoo Right-to-Know Initiative. Efforts will center on developing new
environmental indicators and improving public access to information about the
outcomes of the RCRA program. Other increases represent changes in personnel
costs.
work undef the Urban Initiative will build on successful pilot programs
encouraging waste minimization in urban areas. Outreach and information will be
geared toward the numerous .small and large industries and other businesses that
generate municipal and hazardous wastes and other pollution, but that also form
the core of any economic renewal. Small industry and small businesses in
particular often lack access to expertise to take advantage of the cost-savings
opportunities offered by practical waste minimization programs. In addition,
funds will be provided to local community groups to become effectively involved
in environmental decision-making for corrective action sites and for combustion
and other permit determinations. Tools, training and support are needed.
Reducing and safely managing hazardous and municipal waste will assist local
groups and governmental partnerships in revitalizing urban areas without adding
to the environmental risks of these densely populated areas.
The second investment area centers on enlarging public access to
environmental information concerning waste sites as well as enhancing the
information available. Building on the extensive exploration of environmental
indicators under projects for the implementation of GPRA requirements, RCRA will
expand the selection and refine the methodology for environmental indicators for
waste sites. Further, the dual goals of (1) ease of public access and (2)
efficiency of data collection will be reinforced through the ongoing Waste
Information Needs evaluation of RCRA's information management systems. This
multi-year effort seeks to identify the best methods to streamline, upgrade and
refine the data elements collected, how they are collected, and how they are
used, and it will provide key strategies for best implementing the Kalamazoo
Right-to-Know goals under RCRA.
Several redirections within the base have allowed the program to increase
the resources available for certain priority projects in 1998. Critical science
improvements top the list, with the Leaching Procedures and the Characteristics
activities each receiving an additional $500,000 in 1998, and an additional 0.9
total workyears for the Leaching Procedures project. The Agency provides
$410,200 for the Surface Impoundments Study required under the 1996 Land Disposal
Restrictions Program Flexibility .Act. Each of these projects involve pivotal
scientific concerns for the program, providing better information on the real
risks of certain wastes and certain waste management situations. Another,
smaller shift will provide additional resources of $130,000 to the extended
product responsibility work proceeding under the electronics sector of Agency's
Common Sense Initiative(CSI). The CSI projects are designed to refocus and
integrate the requirements of current regulations for individual industry sectors
in order to enhance overall environmental protection.
Disinvestments in this component were drawn from tasks to be concluded in
1997. The Agency disinvests $510,000 from ongoing regulatory work that will be
completed by 1998, including resources for the final Hazardous Waste
Identification Rule (HWIR) for contaminated media, which will be promulgated in
1997, and the Munitions Rule, also scheduled for 1997. A number of tasks related
to the waste combustion rulemakings will be finished, including those related to
regulatory incentives for waste minimization, and most of the tools for
combustion facility use in establishing Waste Minimization programs on-site. A
$200,000 project to improve the user-friendliness and public accessibility of the
Groundwater Model will be fully implemented. Other disinvestments totaling
$590,200 include several smaller completed outreach projects, such as work to
prepare remaining RCRA documents for Internet access, revamp and improve
educational outreach materials for children, and outreach and analysis for the
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development of Unit Pricing and Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste
Management.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $64,066,100 and 306.0 total workyears for
the RCRA National Hazardous and Solid Waste program component.
MAJOR ACT1VITIKS
In 1997, the RCRA program's goals focus on establishing a better match
between risk and regulatory requirements while reducing burden on the regulated
community where possible. Enhancing the opportunities for public participation
and improving public access to information are ongoing priorities for the RCRA
program as well. Much of this work takes place under the heading of RCRA reform,
but it is increasingly integrated into all of the program' s activities. Another
central task is to develop measurements and create capacity for sustained
national measurement of the RCRA program's progress towards its goals. The
Agency budgets $6,225,300 and 23.0 total workyears for these activities.
In 1997, the RCRA program will pursue a number of regulatory improvements.
Efforts will continue on the development of the HWIR waste rule, with the goal
of better aligning regulatory requirements with the risks being controlled by
allowing low-risk listed hazardous wastes to exit the hazardous waste system.
A companion rulemaking is underway in the corrective action component of the
program. A Definition of Solid Waste rule, to be proposed in 1997, seeks to
develop a clearer, simpler system for hazardous waste recycling. The Agency will
work with the Department of Transportation to explore the electronic tracking of
hazardous waste shipment information. Elimination of paper manifests could
result in a burden reduction of millions of hours annually for industry. Also
in 1997, a Lamps rule will be finalized with the intent to balance practicality,
incentives to reduce energy use/ and the need to protect human health and the
environment. The Agency will continue to work to improve the full set of
regulations that effect particular sectors, through its Common Sense Initiative.
The RCRA program is particularly involved in the metal plating and electronics
sectors, and has initiated a benchmark study to examine metal finishing sludges.
The completed study may form the basis for regulatory action to improve recycling
options. The Agency budgets in 1997 $6,398,500 and 22.6 total workyears in
support of reform activities.
In tandem with regulatory improvements, implementing the RCRA program must
be made more flexible and efficient for states and industry alike. The
permitting process has been under review Agency-wide, and RCRA is working to
implement the recommendations, designing and coordinating pilots and innovative
techniques for the permits determination process. Project XL will provide
further real-world examples of the results that can be achieved through more
flexible application of current requirements. In the Corrective Action program,
the HWIR media rule will be promulgated" in 1997 and will exempt some lower risk
contaminated soil and other media from full subtitle C management. In addition,
the Agency will pursue improvements to the Corrective Action process in order to
reduce the cost and the burden of cleaning up a site for industry and for states
by minimizing paperwork, process and permit requirements. The Agency budgets in
1997 $4,987,700 and 32.9 total workyears for these activities.
The Agency's careful identification of hazardous wastes and development
of safe waste management standards is very effective in protecting human health
and the environment. Full subtitle C waste management is also expensive, and
neither under- nor over-regulation is desirable. To find the right balance, the
science underlying the regulations must be constantly updated. In 1997, the
program will focus on improvements to the multipathway risk analysis tool as well
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as an exploration of methods to improve leaching procedures. In the Listing and
Characteristics program, the program's efforts will center on preparing and
promulgating Listings Determinations for petroleum refining, solvents and dyes
and pigments, as well as reviewing the characteristics standards for possible
gaps or over-regulation of hazardous wastes. The Agency budgets $3,530,300 and
22.1 total workyears for these activities.
The initial Hazardous Waste Combustion rulemaking will be brought
substantially towards finalization in 1997, with work proceeding on data
refinements, technical assessments of new data, and responses to comments. This
major rulemaking will significantly reduce the release of harmful pollutants 'from
incinerators and commercial industrial furnaces. Site-specific technical
assistance will be provided for risk assessments required for combustion
facilities through a new technical assistance center. The Agency budgets
$4,812,800 and 19.5 total workyears for these activities.
In the Industrial D and Special Wastes program, where the federal
regulatory role is more limited, RCRA has established extensive working
partnerships over time with states and industry to develop alternatives and
voluntary methods of ensuring safe management and disposal for the wastes
resulting from mineral or oil and gas extraction. For these efforts, the Agency
has budgeted $2,255,500 and 11.8 total workyears. In 1997, the Agency will
propose the Cement Kiln Dust rule, which has had significant stakeholder
involvement and incorporates contingent management Standards.
The Agency will support ongoing recycling outreach and awareness projects,
educating consumers and businesses in methods to optimize recycling programs as
well as in the selection of recycled content products. The Wastewi$e program
will promote source reduction with industry. The Agency budgets $4,073,900 and
22.4 total workyears for these activities. In 1997, over 700 industry
participants are expected to implement projects to achieve their selected
Wastewi$e goals. Preventing waste, collecting recyclables and increasing the use
of recycled products are the three objectives of Wastewi$e. In combination, they
will continue to yield significant reductions in global warming gases. The
municipal program is also providing support for improving markets for recycled
materials. One example is the Agency's partnership with the Chicago Board of
Trade, facilitating an electronic market which allows traders to broadcast their
interest in buying and selling recovered materials.
In 1997, hazardous waste minimization will remain a top priority. A
reduction in both the volume and toxicity of wastes lowers all risks; it also
will save industry significant amounts in materials and disposal costs. Direct
outreach to generators will build additional momentum in this important element
of sustainable environmental protection. Hazardous waste minimization will be
incorporated into all aspects of the RCRA program, from rulemakings to permits
and general outreach as well as technical assistance. The Agency budgets
$863,400 and 5.6 total workyears for this program.
One of the most important functions within the RCRA program will be to
provide effective technical assistance and capacity building. These activities
will enable our state and tribal partners to keep current and to maintain the
level of environmental protection they have attained. Often, activities will be
customer-driven, with information and assistance provided based on the requests
of our partners, in addition to the procedural and basic updates offered on an
ongoing basis. In the case of tribal support, adequate assistance will remain
vital because tribes do not have access to state support and generally lack the
resources and expertise to ensure protective standards are met. The Agency
budgets $3,832,700 and 13.4 total workyears to support the state and tribal
programs.
The Agency's Waste Information Needs (WIN) project is another aspect of the
program's reform efforts. WIN is performing a comprehensive review of the
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information management requirements for RCRA. Extensive coordination with the
regions and states will facilitate the integration of RCRA program and
information management. The states and EPA have reviewed and distilled the
program's information needs, and matching technology needs, and will begin
implementation of the recommended changes in 1998. These projects share a strong
linkage with RCRA's expanding work to establish performance measurement and meet
GPRA requirements. The Agency budgets $4,041,300 and 15.1 total workyears for
WIN and GPRA projects.
The Agency's budget includes $5,503,260 and 49.6 total workyears on
National management of the RCRA program. It is vital to the efficient operation
of the Nation's hazardous waste program to invest these modest management
resources. The overall objective of RCRA management is to plan and direct the
implementation of programs and regulations which provide for the protection of
human health and the environment, while considering regulatory and resource
constraints .
The Agency's budget includes $1,020,000 and 3 total workyears to provide
funds to conduct workforce development and technical assistance to residents of
communities affected by brownfields contamination. Workforce development and
technical assistance activities are an essential part of the brownfields
initiative.
HAZARDOUS AND SOLID WASTE IMPLEMENTATION
1998 ....... PRO_6RAM RlOmSST
The Agency requests a total of $63,050,400 and 546.2 total workyears in
1998 for the RCRA Hazardous and Solid Waste Implementation program component.
Implementing RCRA requires balancing the need for national consistency with
the need for local solutions . The program will work to put environmental
protection and decision making in the hands of those closest to the problems,
while maintaining a Federal leadership role. Implementation is where the science
and the theory become real risk reduction and real environmental protection, and
where transforming the way the Agency does business is made possible. It is
through the Agency's vital link to the states, tribes, industry and the public
at large, that RCRA can become more flexible, effective, efficient and responsive
at the local and facility level. Technical assistance, training and partnering
with states, tribes, industry and local organizations will form the foundation
for RCRA permitting, corrective action and subtitle P programs that meet these
goals .
ACTIVITIES
Regional involvement in regulatory development as well as training,
outreach and technical assistance will help ensure that the approach is
practical, enhancing the ability of our customers to take advantage of the
improved regulatory framework. In 1998, regional outreach, information sharing
and technical assistance will be critical for successful adoption of the
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule for Contaminated Media, the Universal Waste
Rule, and other regulatory reinvention products. The Agency requests $666,900 and
10.0 total workyears for these activities.
In 1998, the regions will emphasize implementing the recommendations of the
permits improvements team, as the Agency works to make the permitting process
more flexible and efficient. RCRA reinvention for permits will center on putting
practical improvements in place, such as general permits for lower-risk
facilities, and tailored permits for recycling facilities. Regional and state
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pilots will form the basis for efforts to develop an electronic or paperless
permit in 1998. Other practical implementation improvements will be explored
through RCRA participation in the XL projects. Participation in XL projects will
build on the desire of facilities and generators to achieve superior
environmental performance while finding alternative, often less expensive,
methods of preventing hazardous releases. Project XL will help the Agency build
a catalog of successful, alternative and cross-media approaches to environmental
protection that have been tested in operating facilities.
Effective permits are one of the best methods that we have of ensuring good
human health across generations and are a key part of the prevention program
area. Long-term environmental degradation is the result of uncontrolled releases
of hazardous materials into the soil, groundwater or air. The results from an
effective RCRA implementation program will be safe waste storage, treatment and
disposal of all wastes. Permits bring into concrete application the safe waste
management practices and standards that are developed. Permits also save
resources and relieve burden of more costly remediation in the future. The
program has completed between 60 and 75% of most types of permits, and steady
progress continues. The largest remaining workloads are in the combustion
universe (where the processing of Boilers and Industrial Furnaces permits has
just begun) and at the Storage and Treatment Facilities. While numerically
large, at over 400 permits remaining of a universe of over 1500, most of these
permits are at facilities ranked as a lower environmental priority, and
permitting activities will continue to focus on high risk facilities as the most
effective means to protect human health and the environment.
The Agency will provide assistance and technical support for RCRA permits,
closure plans, permit renewals/ and permit modifications. Depending on the
status of specific states' authorization for individual parts of the RCRA
program, regions also directly issue some permits or portions of permits. In
1998, the issuance of permit determinations for all commercial industrial
furnaces and incinerators to ensure they can be operated safely will remain a
priority for the program. Another permit processing priority will be to address
the need for permits to allow the safe destruction of the nation' s stockpiles of
chemical weapons. Current storage has led to leakage from these weapons, which
significantly raises the environmental priority of these highly specialized
permit determinations. Further, regions will place increased attention on early
and significant public involvement in permits, especially in the combustion area,
supporting the Agency's priority on citizens' effective participation in the
decisions affecting the health of their environment. The Agency requests
$11,446,800 and 3-3-6.1 total workyears in support of permitting activities.
In tandem with our State partners, the Agency will continue to emphasize
waste minimization and maintaining protective hazardous waste disposal capacity
through the process of permitting new facilities and modifying current operating
permits. Regional offices will develop permitting guidance and provide site-
specific technical assistance for implementing new regulations and standards,
working closely with the states to complement their expertise and to ensure the
permit serves as an effective reference point for the facility on proper site
specific hazardous waste management activities.
The RCRA Corrective Action program is responsible for ensuring appropriate
cleanup at operating facilities where a hazardous spill or release to the
environment has taken place. The Agency estimates that 3,500-4,000 .hazardous
waste facilities regulated by RCRA Subtitle C have contamination problems that
will require some type of remedial action. Many of these facilities have
groundwater contaminant plumes that will continue to grow if not controlled. The
most serious contamination problems at RCRA facilities occur when releases
migrate off-site, contaminating public and private drinking water supplies, or
wetlands and other sensitive ecosystems. Resources will be directed towards
community relations activities to ensure sufficient public awareness and
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involvement in the corrective action process, as a result of the solid response
from communities that have been involved to date.
The large workload in this program means that there is always a long list
of high-priority sites awaiting attention, and relative risk is the main decision
tool for setting priorities in the program- All facilities identified as
potential corrective action sites are assessed and ranked using a national model,
and by 1998 the assessments will be complete. The Agency is also actively
seeking increased efficiencies through a variety of streamlining and reform
efforts. One example is the increased emphasis on the use of stabilization
measures at corrective action sites. Stabilization stops the spread of the
contamination more rapidly than full-scale remediation. This process helps
protect human health and the environment from further damage, reducing risk more
rapidly for fewer resources, although it does not provide for full clean up of
the damage that has already occurred. By 1998, an estimated 780 stabilization
measures will have been implemented, and a further 60 are anticipated by the end
of the year.
The Agency will continue to conduct oversight of long-term cleanup at
facilities with the highest environmental priority and greatest risk of non-
compliance, and regional offices will offer a continuum of support for states as
the state agencies develop the capacity to take on the corrective action program.
About 25 facilities a year select long-tertn corrective action remedies in
preparation for full remediation. Where states are not authorized for corrective
action {about half) or do not have adequate resources, regional offices will be
responsible for much of the corrective action program implementation. EPA will
continue to support and provide incentives for states to become authorized for
corrective action. The Agency requests $14,251,200 and 67.7 total workyears to
support the corrective action program.
The Agency requests $13,587,000 and 129.6 total workyears to proceed with
projects that integrate the Community-based concept of environmental protection.
Environmental or non-compliance problems associated with particular communities
or places, including ecosystems, watersheds and air sheds, will receive
particular attention in order to ensure comprehensive and coordinated
environmental protection. Pollution prevention is one subject that has enjoyed
success through this approach. The Agency will continue to support projects such
as an annual "Waste Expo", which attracts over 500 small and medium sized
businesses in one community to seminars on environmental compliance, waste
minimization and related topics.
Wetlands and other sensitive ecosystems such as the Gulf of Mexico and the
Mexican Border area are also priorities for the program. In particular, there
will be a continued emphasis on ecosystem protection in the Gulf of Mexico and
Mexican Border Regions, in both the corrective action program and in the
permitting program. For example, through the Mexican Border initiative, the
Agency will continue to provide outreach to border area communities on subjects
such as participation in public hearings and meetings, obtaining information from
local agencies and more general hazardous waste management concerns that impact
their region. In addition, program activities will continue to address the need
for environmentally protective production of minerals and oil and gas by
assisting in state and tribal efforts to develop environmental guidelines
{including groundwater protection measures) for mining and oil extraction
operations. The Agency requests $1,569,500 and 5.0 total workyears for the
Mexican Border and Gulf of Mexico activities, and $300,000 in support of focused
activities on mining sites and oil and gas facilities.
Waste minimization by facilities is a continuing priority. By encouraging
process substitution, materials recovery, properly conducted recycling and reuse,
and treatment, regional offices will continue to extend the hazardous waste
minimization program. One pilot project will proceed with the development of a
two part training program that targets innovative and alternative pollution
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prevention technologies. Other projects will include expanding and enhancing the
use of a pollution prevention criteria checklist that will assist in the design
and establishment of effective, measurable and practical waste minimization
plans.
In 1998, the RCRA program will continue to offer a wide range of technical
assistance and support to the states. RCRA is known as an effective partner with
states in implementing this extensive and complex program, coordinating
effectively .and consistently .on priorities and policy as well as day to day
workload issues. Implementation guidance, developing work-sharing agreements and
providing site-specific technical assistance will be 'matched to the needs of the
customer and the environmental priority of the facility or issue addressed. One
innovative customer service effort is the creation of a group of permitting
specialists that, at a state's request, come into the state agency and work with
the staff to eliminate permitting backlogs in specified areas. In 1998, this
program will emphasize ongoing devolution to the states and tribes as capacity
and capability are expanded over time, and the regional offices will assist
states in preparation of successful state authorization applications. The Agency
requests $5,955,100 and 86.5 total workyears for these activities.
Support and technical assistance for state and local subtitle D programs
will remain a primary objective. The emphasis on effective source reduction and
on providing leadership in market development for recycled materials has, over
time, decreased disposal costs, increased value-added within a community, and
created jobs. The Jobs Through Recycling projects will maintain support for local
and regional ventures that improve the market for recycled and recyclable
materials. Examples include demonstration projects for the use of recycled
materials in manufacturing feedstock, a system for removing electronic appliances
from the waste stream, and a fish and timber composting facility that helps to
protect waterways from organic overload. In addition, the Agency will continue
as major participants in WasteWi$e, the Agency's business partnership for
voluntary waste reduction. Under this effort, special attention will be given
to sharing source reduction strategies that result in real cost savings to
businesses. The Agency requests $4,227,900 and 26.5 total workyears to support
these proj ects.
Municipal waste concerns will remain a priority for many tribes in 1998.
RCRA will provide support and build capabilities on a range of subjects including
setting up solid waste management plans, implementing recycling programs, safe
landfill management and closing of illegal dumps. A circuit rider system brings
waste management expertise to tribal lands to discuss and coordinate on specific
local issues, such as the need for alternative waste management technologies that
would be appropriate for small, remote Alaskan native villages. Where there is
a need, hazardous waste issues such as infrastructure, technical capacity and
implementation will be addressed as well. In 1998, the Agency will proceed with
ongoing work to develop integrated waste management plans on tribal lands by
following up with expanded, targeted technical assistance and greater access to
practical information. The Agency requests $1,315,800 and 2.5 total workyears in
support of tribal capacity-building activities.
An accountability system that allows the RCRA program to make better use
of its information, set priorities and measure accomplishments is also one of the
program's primary goals. Timely, accurate and flexible information systems are
integral to streamlining program management while maintaining effective
measurement capacity for evaluating progress toward environmental goals. In
1998, the regions will continue their work with headquarters and the states on
future critical information needs and the technology required to share that
information with states, industry, tribes, communities and the general public.
Both the measures and the systems for collecting the data needed for
environmental indicators and performance measures associated with permits and
corrective action will be examined. Combined with efforts to condense, clarify
and tailor regulations and outreach, automated access will increase the
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efficiency and the responsiveness of the program. The Agency requests $6,334,600
and 53.1 total workyears in support of these activities.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +9.9 FTE +S2.626.5K
This component includes an increase for permitting and corrective action
FTE levels and corresponding salary costs in support of the ongoing workload in
those areas. Permit renewals and modifications, and the chemical
demilitarization permits are priorities for the program. Permit renewals and
modifications allow operating facilities to update and improve processes as they
expand or retool their operations . Chemical demilitarization permits are a
significant workload and a priority for risk reduction. A 1994 GAO report found
that many of these weapons are leaking and poorly stored and may pose a
significant health and safety hazard. Permits for disposal (e.g., incineration)
are required to prevent delays in construction of facilities to address one of
the country's most dangerous weapons stockpiles - chemical weapons - which are
scheduled to be destroyed by 2004. An increase of 4,9 total workyears and
$899,900 is requested to support permitting activities.
In the corrective action program, a backlog of high and medium risk
facilities remains to be addressed. The corrective action program displays a
direct link between Agency action and direct improvements to the environment and
reduction of risk to human health, particularly in the stabilization segment of
the program. The most serious contamination problems occur when hazardous waste
releases contaminate public and private drinking water supplies and wetlands or
other sensitive ecosystems. Stabilization measures may include isolation or
containment of potentially hazardous materials and/or remediation or cleanup.
An increase of 5.0 total workyears and $801,600 is requested in support of
stabilization projects in the corrective action program.
3.997
The Agency's budget is a total of $60,423,900 and 536.3 total workyears for
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Implementation program component.
The Agency's regional RCRA programs in 1997 will emphasize the
implementation of better, more efficient permitting and corrective action
processes as well as ongoing technical assistance for states, tribes and industry
in both the hazardous waste and the subtitle D, municipal waste areas.
Improvements to the permit process will move forward, with a goal of
developing more effective permits while conserving Agency, state and industry
resources. For example, in 1997 in conjunction with the states of Texas and
California, the Agency will continue to pilot the use of general permits for
lower risk operations such as many storage and treatment facilities. RCRA
participation in establishing XL projects will continue to expand and will
involve considerable technical and policy review to balance streamlined operating
procedures for facilities with protective, safe waste management.
In 1997, the Agency will maintain protective 'hazardous waste disposal
capacity through permitting, in tandem with our state partners. Permitting is
prioritized based on risk of facilities to minimize exposure risk for population
and ensure safe management techniques. Permits are tailored to the facility's
specific handling processes, wastes and geographic characteristics and the risk
created or mitigated by the inter- relationship, of these factors. HSWA permitting
assistance will include operating permits, closure plans, permits renewals and
permit modifications . Activities will continue to focus on high risk facilities ,
including combustion facilities, and public participation will be a priority.
The Agency budgets $10,713,000 and 111.2 total workyears in support of permitting
activities .
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The Agency's strategy for cleaning up contaminated hazardous waste
facilities gives priority to maximizing environmental results, ensuring that
cleanups are done on a "worst sites first" basis, and ensuring greater
consistency between the remediation programs currently administered by EPA and
the states. Many high and medium risk sites will remain in the pipeline awaiting
action. In 1997, substantial technical support and training will be provided to
state corrective action programs, and the states will be supported in their
increased corrective action oversight responsibilities through technical
assistance and worksharing with regional offices. The Agency budgets $13,688,300
and 62.7 total workyears for these activities.
Risk, measured through a national model that accommodates site-specific
conditions, will remain the primary criteria for priority-setting for corrective
action. The corrective action program will address serious risk of population
exposure and environmental degradation caused by hazardous waste releases. In
1997, the program will proceed with using stabilization methods, which are faster
than full remediation, as much as possible at sites that are appropriate for
these measures. Stabilization will contain damage and prevent increased damage,
enabling the Agency to address more high priority sites faster, but it is not a
replacement for eventual remedial action.
In 1997, the program will continue to support strong public participation
as well, and through extension and expansion, the community-based environmental
protection approach. The Agency budgets $13,112,700 and 129.6 total workyears for
this approach. A sustained good relationship with the states offers the basis
for RCRA's partnership approach to environmental protection. One example is a
cooperative geographic-based project on the Niagara River where interim
corrective measures have been put in place at several facilities to mitigate
further off-site migration of contaminants. It is projected that these actions
will reduce toxic releases from RCRA facilities into the river by 98% in 1997*
The Agency will maintain support for expanded permitting and corrective
action activities in order to reduce environmental degradation along the Mexican
Border and around the Gulf of Mexico. The transport of hazardous waste along the
Mexican Border, and the extensive contamination of groundwater adjacent to the
Gulf of Mexico, are the focus of efforts in these initiatives. In 1997, the
Agency will advance coordination with our federal partners concerning
responsibilities for the Waste Isolation Pilot Project as well as the
construction of facilities for the chemical demilitarization of weapons stock.
The Agency budgets $1,551,200 and 5.0 total workyears for these projects in 1997.
The dissemination of information on hazardous waste minimization methods
will proceed in all aspects of the program, through guidelines, outreach
programs, focus groups, demonstrations and workshops. The existing partnerships
between states, industry and local governments will be emphasized and
strengthened through increased cooperative activities and closer coordination as
waste minimization incentives will be incorporated into rulemakings, included in
permit determinations and integrated into technical assistance at every level.
In 1997, the Agency budgets $6,267,700 and 96.5 total workyears for these
activities.
In transferring knowledge and skills, technical assistance will facilitate
the eventual devolution of the program to the states. Local decision-makers will
be able to provide permit modifications or closure in order to allow orderly
upgrading/expansion or closing of facilities, as determined by the needs of the
business or operating facility and of the local community. Local needs are also
a determining factor in the projects undertaken in the large volume waste
program, which addresses wastes created from mineral and oil and gas extraction.
In addition, ongoing coordination, information-sharing and the development of
voluntary guidelines will continue. The Agency budgets $300,000 to support this
activity.
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Technical assistance and capacity-building will continue to be emphasized
in 1997 in the subtitle D program. The Wastwi$e program and municipal recycling
support increase industry's and local government's capacity to prevent pollution.
These programs improve the Agency's partnerships with industry., states and local
governments . Wastewi$e and the municipal programs emphasize outreach and
technical assistance to help states, tribes, local governments and private
organizations better manage municipal wastes. The Agency will continue to give
priority to the Jobs Through Recycling program. It is estimated that in the
first year alone, these projects were instrumental in creating 290 jobs, over $40
million in capital investments in recycling, and 4 million tons of recycling
capacity.. In 1997, the program will continue to help state economic development
efforts to stimulate the development of recycling and reuse businesses. The
Agency budgets $4,129,800 and 26.5 total workyears in support of subtitle D
activities.
In the case of tribal support, adequate assistance will remain vital
because tribes do not have access to state resources and generally lack the
resources and expertise to ensure protective standards are met. In addition, some
tribes face unusually complicated municipal waste management decisions . For
instance, in Alaska, native village waste streams often include a mixture of
hazardous, construction, household hazardous and municipal wastes. Separate
grants (using authority under section 8001 of RCRA) and other support (e.g.
technical assistance and training) will be required to fulfill our mission of
ensuring environmental protection on tribal lands. The Agency budgets $1,307,500
and 2 . 5 total workyears to support these tribal activities .
The regions will continue to participate actively in the Waste Information
Needs project, which is examining all aspects of RCRA information management. The
Agency budgets $3,653,800 and 53.1 total workyears for this program. In 1997,
two program area assessments are in progress . The results will provide the basis
for changes to data collection, management and access which will improve the full
range of RCRA information management for industry, states, and the Agency.
PREVENTION. DETECTION, CORRECTION OF RELEASES FROM UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $6,715,000 and 57.2 total workyears in 19,98
for the Prevention, Detection, and Correction of Releases from Underground
Storage Tanks (USTs) program component.
MAJOR
The major activities within this program component include: encouraging
compliance with the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing, or closing tanks;
support for the Private Sector Initiative; working with states to obtain state
program approval ; and tribal and state ''implementation support .
The Agency requests a total of $2,241,900 and 18.3 total workyears to
promote compliance with the December 22, 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing,
or closing older underground storage tanks (USTs} to prevent future releases.
The Agency along with its state partners will conduct extensive outreach (e.g.,
distribute tens of thousands of booklets, visit UST facilities and hold
workshops) to build awareness and inform UST owners and operators about the 1998
deadline. Regional staff will join state staff to visit facilities and identify
whether these facilities need assistance in complying with the 1998 deadline
requirements. The Agency is expecting as many as 100,000 additional releases
will be discovered as owners and operators work to comply with the 1998 deadline.
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The Agency estimates that 60-70% of the .1.1 million active tanks will be in
compliance by December 22, 1998.
The Agency requests a total of $1,112,400 and 7.7 total workyears to work
with the private sector to prevent another generation of leaking tanks. The
Agency's objective is to make good tank management common business practice and
timely, cost-effective cleanups commonplace. The Agency will explore
opportunities to educate the lending, insurance, and real estate industries about
USTs and the regulations, and the impacts USTs may have on redevelopment and
reuse of sites. The Agency will examine possible roles for the private sector,
including conducting inspections, participating in licensing and certification
programs, providing insurance to owners and/ot operators, and developing
lender/realtor compliance programs. In 1998, the Agency will support oae or two
additional pilots in which states will explore using "third-party" private sector
service providers for tank inspections.
The Agency requests a total of $981,700 and 10.0 total workyears for state
program approval. The Agency will transfer the Federal UST program to individual
states as state programs are approved to operate in lieu of the Federal program.
State program approval is achieved through states' efforts to develop
capabilities and provide resources for an acceptable state program. Advancing
state program approval reflects the Agency's commitment to building strong state
UST programs and on continually improving the self-sufficiency of these programs.
The Agency will assist states in applying for state program approval by providing
technical, regulatory, and policy support. The Agency will work with states to
resolve state-specific issues. Projects include providing specific technical and
legal support in developing adequate authorities, capabilities, and specific
applications; reviewing and approving applications; and codifying approved state
programs. The Agency estimates that 31 states will have state program approval
by the end of 1998.
The Agency requests a total of $860,800 and 5.9 total workyears to provide
broad technical support to state and local governments to build and implement
strong UST/LUST programs. These efforts reflect the Agency's major role in the
UST program: building state capacity and providing technical support. The Agency
conducts Regional Strategic Overviews (RSOs) which outline the status of program
implementation in states and lead to projects to develop and improve state and
local programs. State program improvement support includes training UST owners
and operators on operational, technical and regulatory UST requirements to
improve tank management; improving enforcement efforts in the states; training
state UST staff in corrosion science to qualify them to perform cathodic
protection testing; and tracking notification/registration of regulated tanks.
The Agency requests a total of $701,900 and 5.3 total workyears to support
tribal governments' efforts to build capacity to implement the UST program on
tribal lands. The Agency will provide technical assistance to indian tribes by
developing outreach materials; providing a mechanism for tribal program
approvals; developing guidance on and options for funding tank upgrades; and
managing tribal UST programs. The Agency anticipates assisting as many as 150
tribes by conducting reservation-wide tank inventories, developing tribal
program capacity, and providing tank inspection training.
The Agency requests a total of $641,400 and 10.0 total workyears to
continue to provide grants to states, territories, and tribal governments with
base funding to develop a core UST program. Grants include activities such as
technical training; compliance and enforcement activities for the 1998 deadline;
outreach to the regulated community; developing the UST program on indian lands;
and database management to allow states to track progress in achieving
compliance with UST requirements.
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ow ciaHSS? +1 . 5 FTE +419.
An investment of 1.0 FTE will support states' efforts towards achieving
owners and operator compliance with the 1998 tank upgrading deadline. An
investment of 0.5 PTE will support the Agency's strategy for making good tank
management and timely, cost-effective cleanups commonplace. The resource
investment is primarily reflected in salary increases for both Headquarters and
the Regions .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $6,295,400 and 55.7 total workyears for
the Prevention, Detection, Correction o£ Releases from Underground Storage Tanks
(USTs) program component. The major activities within this program component
include: encouraging compliance with the 1998 deadline for upgrading; replacing,
or closing tanks; support for the Private Sector Initiative; helping states
obtain state program approval; and tribal and state implementation support.
In 1937, the Agency provides $1,968,500 and 15.9 total workyears to
promote compliance with the December 22, 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing,
or closing older underground storage tanks {USTs) to prevent future releases.
In 1997, the Agency will continue to work with states to ensure that UST
facilities are complying with existing technical requirements (e.g., leak
detection requirements) . The Agency will also work with states to increase
awareness of the deadline by distributing outreach materials .
The Agency's budget is a total of $971,100 and 7.3 total workyears to work
with private sector stakeholders to prevent another generation of leaking tanks .
In 1997, the Agency will develop tailored outreach materials containing
information useful to commercial real estate agents /brokers, property managers,
and bankers. The Agency also will hold workshops, and provide analytical support
(e.g., on disclosure laws, leasing transactions, and sample lease language) to
the banking, real estate and insurance sectors, to incorporate UST concerns.
In 1997, the Agency's budget is a total of $1,111,700 and 11.6 total
workyears for state program approval . The Agency will continue to ensure the
responsible transfer of the Federal UST program to individual states as state
programs are approved to operate in lieu of the Federal program. The Agency will
support the advancement of State Program Approval by targeting assistance to
specific states. For example, the Agency will help states prepare draft and
final approval packages, review state statutes and codify state laws. The Agency
estimates that 27 states will have state program approval by the end of 1997.
The Agency's budget is a total of $779,300 and 5.6 total workyears to
continue to provide technical support to state and local governments to build and
implement strong UST/LUST programs. The Agency helps states build strong
UST/LDST programs by assessing states ' needs through a "Regional Strategic
Overview" strategic planning process and then providing funding for improvement
projects to help states address identified needs. In 1997, the Agency
anticipates providing funding for regional/ state improvement projects in as many
as 35 states. This funding will" be used, in part, to sponsor training in leak
detection, corrosion protection and emerging UST technologies (e.g., using radar
to detect leaks) , and will help states tailor EPA's outreach materials to
designated state audiences.
The Agency's budget is a total of $682,500 and 5,3 total workyears will
continue to support tribal governments ' efforts to build capacity to implement
the UST program on indian lands. In 1997, specific activities include training
for tribes to increase the number of UST facilities that comply with Federal
standards. This work will mitigate the environmental impact of undetected
releases from USTs.
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The Agency's budget is a total of $607,400 and 10.0 total workyears to
continue to provide grants to states, territories, and tribal governments with
base funding to develop a core UST program. These resources are used to build
UST/LUST state program capability through the negotiation and oversight of UST
state grants .
ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS, PREVENTION^ AMD
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $13,858,800 and 73.7 total workyears in 1998
for the Accident Preparedness, Prevention, and Investigations program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know (CRTK) program
establishes a framework for addressing risks posed by hazardous chemicals present
in communities. This program provides for development of state and local
response plans to prevent, protect, and inform the public in the event of a
chemical release emergency. Prevention components of the program were
strengthened under the Clean Air Act's (CAA) accidental release provisions which
mandated that facility owner/operators prepare risk management plans (RMPs) to
prevent, detect and respond to chemical accidents. The same CAA provisions also
mandated the investigation of major chemical accidents to assess the cause and
make recommendations to enhance chemical safety and prevent future accidents to
the extent possible .
In 1998 the chemical accident program will concentrate efforts on three key
areas: 1) implementing the chemical accident risk management prevention program
at the state and local level where it can be successfully managed and integrated
with other chemical accident programs; 2) continuing our partnership efforts with
industry, especially small business, to assist them in meeting the risk
management plan (RMP) requirements? and 3) conducting -joint EPA/OSHA accident
investigations of major facility chemical accidents to determine cause.
The Agency requests $6,646,418 and 34.5 workyears for State and local
Preparedness and Prevention Capacity building. In 1998 a top priority for EPA
is to reach agreements with states to implement the accidental release prevention
program. Program efforts will focus on getting states on board to operate a
chemical accident prevention program before facilities begin to submit their risk
management plans (HMPs) . The deadline for all facilities affected by the RMP
rule (approximately 66,000) is June 1999.
To prepare for submission of the RMPs, the Agency will increase regional
efforts to ensure states receive the support and tools they need to build their
prevention program infrastructure. states are required to have an accidental
release prevention program for facilities requiring an air emissions permit.
However, they are not required to include non-permitted facilities. EPA
estimates there are approximately 45,000 non-permitted facilities. If a state
decides not to implement the program for non-permitted facilities the
responsibility the Agency will be responsible for implementing the program.
The approaching 1999 deadline makes it urgent that we motivate as many
states as possible in 1998 to accept the program. We must work closely to assist
and encourage states to prepare for program implementation. Through our
communication and outreach efforts we will emphasize the benefits states can
realize from managing their own program. Some of the benefits to states
include: i) the flexibility to design and tailor a program suited to state/local
needs; 2) facility plans will be submitted electronically to a central location
so states will not become overwhelmed with paper; 3) state or local governments
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could establish fees to support the implementation of the program; and 4)
operating a prevention program provides states an opportunity to locally
coordinate public safety, environmental protection, pollution prevention and
worker safety.
Additionally, we will develop guidance, provide technical assistance and
training to help the states develop legislation, establish funding mechanisms,
develop accident prevention techniques, and structure a system to review and
audit facility risk management plans. We will also provide states with guidance
and training to further their understanding of accident prevention issues such
as, offsite consequence analysis, chemical process safety, as well as other
elements of the risk management program. In 1998, the program will complete
development of an electronic system to assist states in receiving, reviewing and
tracking RMPs and ensure the public has access to information for effective
implementation of the KMP program. AS a result of these efforts, by the end of
1998 we anticipate as many as 20 states will have committed to managing their own
risk management plan program.
While our goal is to see all states develop and run their own accident
prevention programs, the Clean Air Act places responsibility upon the Agency to
ensure one is implemented. At this time, it appears that at least initially each
EPA regional office will have to operate programs for some states in their
region. In 1998 we will begin to develop a regional capability to carry out this
new responsibility. Regions will begin to establish processes recjuired to audit
a portion of the estimated 45,000 facility plans they will receive.
The Agency requests a total of $2,273,984 and 10.7 workyears to promote
public access to community right-to-know (CRTK) information and to also help
local communities incorporate facility risk management plan (RMP) information
into their emergency planning programs. CRTK activities will continue to focus
on helping Local Emergency Planning Committee's (LEPCs) become better known in
the community as a source of information on hazardous materials and chemical
safety. We will provide guidance, technical assistance, training and electronic
access to information to promote public awareness of LEPCs.
The Title Ill/Clean Air Act grant program continues to be an important
source of support for state and local prevention and preparedness programs. Our
efforts in 19.98 will again focus on promoting state implementation of the RMP
program. 1PA will encourage states to submit projects that advance the
development of their prevention program infrastructure. In addition, we will
encourage projects that support LEPC community right-to-know activities as well
as integration of accident prevention programs.
In 1998, the Agency requests $978,680 and 8.0 total workyears to continue
our partnerships with industry to assist them in understanding their
responsibilities under the risk management program (RMP). Our efforts in this
area will focus on completing and disseminating the guidance on off-site
consequence analysis to assist facilities in conducting their hazard'assessments.
We will also provide assistance in developing new model RMPs for specific
industry sectors. But, most important, '"we will continue our outreach initiative
that was launched in FY 97. This project is carried out in cooperation with
industry and professional organizations to inform facilities about the new risk
management planning requirements. EPA and industry representatives participate
in workshops, teleconferences and other forums to help those who must report
under the RMP rule to understand what they must do to comply. We will also
develop training modules on elements of the RMP program and make them available
for use by industry groups and educational institutions.
To make compliance easier for small business, the program will work with
industry organizations to develop model risk management programs. In addition
to model programs that are currently under development for ammonia refrigeration,
propane, and water treatment operations, we will begin developing new model
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programs for chemical storage facilities (warehouses) and for drinking water
systems. EPA will ensure that information on the RMP program is made available
electronically, through small business networks, as well as the EPA Emergency
Planning Community Right-to-Know .Act (EPCRA) Hotline. The RMP off-site
consequence analysis guidance will eliminate the need for small facilities to
invest in computer modeling programs.
The Agency requests a total of $3,000,000 and 10 total workyears to conduct
accident investigations. Based upon the 1997 memorandum of understanding and
jointly developed protocol, the Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) will conduct accident investigations of major facility
chemical accidents to determine probable root causes and issue recommendations
to enhance chemical safety. In 1998 activities will focus on establishing a
network of stakeholders for coordinating and sharing accident information and
recommendations. These stakeholders can then integrate the information into
their programs to prevent future accidents. The program will continue to develop
new and existing criteria with OSHA for selection of accidents for joint
investigation techniques of significant chemical accidents, and improving
training to EPA, OSHA and other parties on accident investigation techniques.
To assist these operations, EPA and OSHA will support an external expert panel
to review accident investigation reports and make recommendations for further
prevention and safety.
The Agency requests a total of $959,718 and 10.5 workyears to conduct
compliance and enforcement activities. We will work with state enforcement
authorities to take action against facilities that fail to report chemical
inventories and accidental chemical releases. We will also use the General Duty
clause under 112r of the Clean Air Act and the Chemical Safety Audit program as
levers to encourage facilities to practice chemical accident prevention.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -3.0FTE +$675.OK
EPA's 1998 request of $6,646,418 and 34.5 total workyears for state and
Local Preparedness and Prevention Capacity building reflects an increase of
$574,732 and 5.0 total workyears to build regional capabilities to encourage
states to implement the accidental release prevention program. Regions will work
with states to establish the framework (develop legislation/regulatory program,
a fee structure to finance the program and system to receive, review and audit
facility plans) required to manage the risk management plan program. By the end
of 1998 we expect 20 states will have committed to managing their own RMP
program.
The remaining increase primarily covers payroll adjustments within the
program component for both headquarters and regions.
If states forego the opportunity to operate a RMP program, EPA will be
required manage a program for them. For those states (we estimate there will be
40 at the beginning of 1998), EPA will begin building an internal regional
capability to implement the program. Regions will establish systems and processes
required to audit a sampling of the 45,000 plans that facilities are required to
submit (by the June 1999 deadline) under the risk management prevention program.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $13,183,800 and 76.7 total workyears for
the Chemical Accident Preparedness and Prevention program component. Major
activities within this component include: Preparedness and Prevention Capacity
Building; Community Right-to-Know; Preparedness and Prevention Partnerships;
chemical Accident Investigations and Compliance/Enforcement.
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The Agency's budget provides $6,071,686 and 29,5 total workyears for the
state and local preparedness and prevention capacity building activity. With the
Risk Management Plan rule completed in June 1996, the program shifts focus to
implementation of the risk management program. Persuading states to implement
the chemical accidental release prevention program is the major priority for the
Agency in 1997 and beyond. There is a narrow window to get states on board to
operate a accident prevention program before facilities begin submitting their
RMPs. We anticipate the first of more than 66,000 facilities covered under the
law will submit plans within the first year of the rule being published. With
this in mind, the program is working closely with states to provide the tools
needed to build the prevention program infrastructure. Headquarters will develop
guidance and regions will provide technical assistance and training to help
states develop legislative programs, establish funding mechanisms, develop
prevention techniques and structure a system to review and audit facility RMPs.
In FY 97 the program is concentrating on states that are interested in assuming
delegation of the program as well as those that have shown interest but are not
at this point committed. By year's end we expect to have 10 states pledged to
operating their own chemical accident prevention program.
Additional technical guidance is under development by headquarters to
assist industry and states in furthering their understanding of accident
prevention issues. We are also developing an electronic system that will assist
states in reviewing and auditing RMPs.
The Agency's budget provides §2,237,316 and 10.7 total workyears for
community right-to-know activities. EPA continues to implement the Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) effectiveness strategy begun in 1996 to
strengthen chemical emergency programs at the state and local level. Program
efforts are concentrating on promoting public access to community right-to-know
information and assisting local communities in integrating chemical accident
preparedness and prevention programs. CRTK activities are focusing on helping
LEPCs to become better known in the community. Regions are providing hands-on
technical assistance in developing outreach strategies tailored to meet
individual community needs. To help LEPCs incorporate new prevention
requirements into their accident programs, headquarters is developing guidance
on facility information that will be available to them under the new RMP rule.
Once the guidance is completed, headquarters and regions will provide technical
assistance and training for State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and LEPC
members and staffs.
Consistent with our program priorities, the Title III/CAA grant program will
concentrate on helping states, tribes and local communities develop chemical
accident prevention programs. EPA will encourage projects that advance state
implementation efforts, such as development of a legislative or regulatory
framework needed to receive program approval. Proposals will also be requested
for projects that promote risk communication and integration of an accident
prevention and preparedness program.
The Agency's budget provides $951,264 and 8.0 total workyears for
partnership activities to further implementation of the risk management program.
EPA recently launched an outreach initiative to assist industry in obtaining
compliance with the risk management program 1999 deadline. Under the ,RMP rule
(published June 1996) facilities are required to ensure safe operations by
developing a risk management programs and preparing risk management plans. Our
efforts to get the message out through technical assistance, guidance, outreach
and training is key to ensuring industry understands their responsibilities. We
are developing technical guidance to assist facilities in conducting risk
assessments, providing assistance to develop model RMPs, and participating in
industry workshops, conferences and other forums.
The Agency's budget provides $3,000,000 and 1.0 total workyears to conduct
chemical accident investigations. In cooperation with the Occupation Safety and
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Health Administration (OSHA), EPA continues to build its capability to
investigate major facility accidents. The EPA and OSHA recently completed a
Memorandum of Understanding that establishes the policy for coordinating and
conducting joint investigations. In 1997 we (along with OSHA) will also finalize
the accident investigation protocol which will serve as guidance for conducting
joint investigations, developing reports to determine accident cause and making
recommendations to help facilities improve chemical safety. EPA will also pursue
agreements with states that currently have OSHA approved state plans. Such
agreements will facilitate coordination with states that administer their own
occupational safety and health program.
The Agency's budget provides $923,534 and 10.5 total workyears for
compliance and enforcement activities. EPA efforts will focus on facilities not
immediately notifying federal, state and local entities of releases as required
under CERCLA Section 103 and EPCRA Section 304. Regions will be able to utilize
the. General Duty clause under Section 1.12 (r) of the Clean Air Act to foster
chemical accident prevention and to minimize the consequences of releases when
they occur.
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TOUTED STATES ENVTRONMETOAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FK98 SRESrDEHT'S BUDGET
ENVmONMENTAL PROGRAMS AHD MANASEHEHT
HEM SOWfflRY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
1OGRAH COMPONENT FY
OP
AA PESTICIDES C TOXIC STJBST
Mission and Policy
TOTAL DOLLARS 3
FTES
Registration
TOTAL DOLUIRS 19
FTBS
Reregistzation and Special Review
TOTAL DOLLARS 27
FTES
Field Pxogxama «"«* External Activities
TOTAL DOLLARS 11
FTES
Environmental Partnerships
TOTAL DOLLARS 3
FTES
Pesticides Community Right to Know
TOTAL DOLLARS 1
FTES
Lead
TOTAL DOLLARS 21
FTBS
Agenda for Toxics
TOTAL DOLLARS 32
FTES
Pollution Prevention Leadership
TOTAL DOLLARS 12
FIBS
Community Right to Know
TOTAL DOLLARS 25
FTES
TOTAL DOLLARS: 158
FTE 1
1996
PLAN
,516.0
37.8
,584.9
21S.Z
,349.9
213.2
,845.3
150.2
,512.4
25.0
,105.1
4.0
,359.9
100.0
,272.6
281.0
,738.0
46.4
,330.9
97.6
,170.4
FS 1997
PRES. HDD.
4,061.6
40.8
23,568.4
220.8
31,510.8
214,8
17,976.0
156.1
3,738.6
27.0
1,114.0
4.0
17,041.0
96.4
40,184.8
294.9
16,017.2
63.4
25,780.2
111.6
180,992.6
1,229.8
FX 1997
ENACTED
4,524.4
40.8
28,580.4
239.6
50,174.2
256.0
16,644.5
149.5
3,788.1
27.0
1,901.0
5.0
16,204.4
94.6
33,252.2
292.4
11,560.6
62.9
25,123.2
113.8
191,753.0
1,281.6
PIT 1998
BOD. REQ.
4,506.4
41.8
30,331.9
253.5
46,477.0
270 . 7
17,452.6
155.1
4,212.1
27.0
2,603.8
9.0
16,577.0
115.8
38,678.4
281.5
14,078.6
63.4
27,446.7
120.1
202,1*4.5
1,337.9
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
-18.0
1.0
1,751.5
13...9
-3,697.2
14.7
808.1
S.6
424.0
0.0
702. B
4.0
372.6
21.2
5,426.2
-10.9
2,518.0
0.5
2,323.5
6.3
10,611.5
56.3
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $202,364,500 and 1,337.9 total' workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management (EPM) Account for the Office
of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. In addition, EPA requests 222.4
total workyears from the FIFEA Revolving Fund. This reflects an increase of
$10,611,500 and 74.6 total workyears (+56.3 total workyears for EPM and +18.3
total workyears for FIFRA.) from the 1997 enacted budget.
The activities in the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS) make significant contributions to the Agency's goals of safe food;
ensuring that communities, work places, and ecosystems are safe from pollution;
empowering people with information and education - expanding their right-to-know
(RtK) ; and developing and implementing innovative approaches for current and
future environmental problems. Through on-going program activities, proposed
initiatives, and implementation of the new Food Quality Protection Act of 1996,
the Agency will commit to ensure a safe and healthy food supply, protect the
health of children, enhance science and information accessibility, promote
pollution prevention, .and expand environmental partnerships with states, tribes
and the private sector.
POIiLTITIOH PREVENTION
The Agency requests a total of $14,078,600 and 63.4 total workyears for the
Pollution Prevention Program. A strategy and guiding principle of the Agency are
to devise innovative approaches which incorporate pollution prevention as an
option of first choice to solve environmental problems. To that end, the Agency
will build a strong network of prevention programs among businesses, states,
local governments, and communities. The Agency will identify and pioneer new
environmental programs, which emphasize cross-media prevention, reinforce the
mutual goals of economic and environmental well-being that serves as models for
both government and industry.
Pollution prevention activities include managing the Source Reduction
Review Project which seeks to integrate pollution prevention options into key
air, water, and solid waste rulemakings. EPA will also engage in outreach
activities which encourage voluntary pollution prevention by industry where
pollution prevention may offer cost-saving incentives. The Environmentally
Preferable Products Initiative will help Federal agencies identify and procure
environmentally benign products .
In our communities EPA will continue to conduct a voluntary industrial
toxics reduction program that encourages decreases in the production, emission,
and use of toxic chemicals, building on the success of the 33/50 program. The
33/50 Program has been cited by private industry as a model of government's role
in environmental protection. To promote : environmental justice, EPA will continue
to provide grants to minority low- income communities to help solve local
environmental problems . The 1998 .budget request expands current investments in
forming partnerships with industry to reduce the use and release of toxic
chemicals. Modeled after a successful pilot with a leading manufacturer, the
proposal will replicate the partnership activities with other companies.
The Design for the Environment (DfE) Institutional component aims to change
aspects of general business practices to remove barriers to behavioral change and
to provide incentives for undertaking environmental design and pollution
prevention efforts. One initiative under the institutional component involves
working with academia to develop curricula in multiple disciplines which will
incorporate pollution prevention, life cycle analyses, and core DfE principles.
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PESTICIDES PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
The Agency's 1998 budget request a total of $101,077,400 and 937.7 total
workyears for the Pesticides Program (715.3 workyears are for the Environmental
Programs and Management (EPM) Account and 222.4 workyears are for the FIFRA
Fund). This will include investments for the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996
(FQPA) and the "Assessing Health Risks to Children" Initiative. These investments
integrate throughout the pesticide registration and reregistration programs,
expanding our work in the Reregistration Program, Registration Program,
children's health, endocrine disrupters, Groundwater Program, community
ecosystems development, partnerships, and tribal activities.
In 1998, the implementation, of the FQPA requirements continues to be a
major priority for the Agency, ensuring the continued safety of our food supply,
particularly for children. The Agency is requesting a total of $22,470.600 and
150.9 total workyears for FQPA requirements. The Agency will continue to review
all existing tolerances; streamline the process for approving antimicrobial
pesticides; evaluate the risk of pesticides suspected as endocrine disruptors;
refine and implement procedures to review pesticide registration every fifteen
years; promote or retain the registration of minor uses; publish consumer
friendly information on the risks and benefits of pesticides; and refine measures
for expediting review of reduced risk pesticide applications that meet the
determined criteria.
The 1988 Amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide
Act (FIFRA) require the Agency to review and reregister all pesticides that were
registered before November 1984, The Agency has made substantial progress in
implementing FIFRA '88 requirements and has met several statutory deadlines, such
as listing active ingredients (Lists A-D), processing of registrants'
declarations of intent to pursue reregistration, and issuance of guidelines for
determining the adequacy of previously conducted scientific studies on
pesticides. As data gathered through the reregistration process continues
through review, the Agency expects that some pesticides will be found to meet the
triggers 'for special reviews.
FIFRA and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) authorize EPA
to set terms and conditions of pesticide registration, marketing and use. Under
the Registration program, new pesticides (including biologicals) are registered
on the basis of data reviewed by the Agency. Also, current registrations are
amended to add new uses and new formulations. This program also includes special
registration, tolerance setting activities, registration -permits for use of
pesticides for emergency pest situations, and experimental purposes under set
conditions.
The Registration Program is a statutorily mandated activity which, in
reviewing chemicals for registration, contributes greatly to the Agency's
multimedia approach of pollution prevention, by reviewing chemicals submitted for
registration and keeping those chemicalsj which are deemed harmful to human health
and the environment off the market, or by setting restrictions for their use.
The program also contributes to protecting children's health by ensuring the food
they eat is safe from harmful pesticide residues.
Assessing health risks to children from environmental pollutants is a major
priority for the Administration and EPA. The Administration believes that
protecting our environment is critical to our children's health today, and lays
the groundwork for a healthier future for their generation, and for generations
to come. In 1995 EPA announced a new Agency-wide policy to ensure that
environmental health risks of children is explicitly and consistently evaluated
in our risk assessments and public health standards. In 1998, EPA proposes a
significant Agency-wide multi-year initiative to evaluate current risk assessment
protocols and methods to ensure they take into account the unique multi-pathway
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exposures for children. In addition, the Food Quality Protection Act directs the
Agency to evaluate childrens1 exposures to pesticides and specifically address
their risks.
In 1998, in support of the President's Right-to-Know Initiative, announced
in Kalamazoo, Michigan in August 1996, the Agency will contribute resources to
provide the public with better information about the potential risks their
families face from misuse of pesticides. The Agency will create fact sheets on
pesticides most likely used in and around the home to empower families to better
protect 'themselves.
Other important Pesticide Program areas include Environmental
Partnerships, Field and External"Activities, and Community Right to Know. The
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) is a broad cooperative effort
between EPA, USDA and FDA. PESP works with pesticide users to reduce pesticide
risks and use in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings, The Worker
Protection Program is designed to protect the health and safety of agricultural
workers from occupational exposure to pesticides on farms. The Groundwater
Program protects the nation's groundwater from potential risks of contamination
posed through pesticide use. The Endangered Species Program seeks to provide an
effective, comprehensive program to protect endangered wildlife and critical
habitat from pesticide use. The Certification and Training Program provides
funds for the training and recertification of private and commercial applicators
of restricted use pesticides every five years. The resources also provide for
guidance and technical assistance by the Regional offices to the states on
pesticide issues such as application techniques, toxicity, and disposal.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES PROSRAM :HISHIiIGHgS
The 1998 Budget request a total of $82,702,100 and 517.4 total workyears
for the Toxic Substances Program, ' Major changes in the budget will include
investments in expanding IPA's Right-to-Know Program through the President's
Right-to-Know Initiative so that eventually every American will have access to
information on toxic pollution in their neighborhoods. This initiative will link
other sources of toxic chemical information with the Till Program. The Agency
requests a total of $5,000,000 and 12.5 total workyears for this initiative.
In 1998, EPA will also strive to build partnerships between government and
industry by sharing information, knowledge and tools and provide incentives to
protect the environment. Also in 1998, EPA will further sound science by
investing resources in testing chemicals for endocrine disrupters, a new area of
human health concern. Regulatory reform actions will impact on the private sector
by saving industry billions of dollars in PCS disposal costs while continuing the
same level of environmental protection. EPA will also provide technical
assistance and financial support to communities, states and tribes. For 1998, the
Toxic Substances Program will be composed of the Agenda for Toxics, Community
Right-To-Know and Lead areas.
The Agenda for Toxics area provides a framework for dealing with complex
environmental problems at multiple levels: anticipatory risk reduction programs
to foster the availability and use of safe and effective products (new chemicals
program) ; programs to improve the understanding of hazards and risks and by that
reduce the uncertainty in risk assessment and risk management judgements made by
government, industry, and the public (chemical testing program) . Risk management
resources will be redirected to place more emphasis on voluntary, non-regulatory
strategies, reserving regulatory approaches to those cases clearly requiring
them. The Agenda for Toxics targets specific .chemicals and chemical categories,
use clusters and industry sectors for action that can include voluntary
initiatives, collaborative efforts with industry and/or non-government
organizations, and regulatory approaches..
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EPA not only studies the effects of toxic chemicals on human health and the
environment, it also works cooperatively with industry to develop safer
alternative chemicals and/or processes. The Industrial Design for the
Environment (DfE) program seeks to identify new opportunities to improve
manufacturing technology and then work with industry to adopt new materials,
technologies or processes which are more environmentally benign. The DfE program
works with small businesses that don't have the technical expertise or resources
to seek pollution prevention alternative technologies. EPA is working in the
electronics, dry cleaning, printing, metal finishing and textile sectors. The
1998 budget invests an additional $4,000,000 for the DfE program.
The Community Right-to-Know area is based upon EPCRA which requires
businesses to report annually to EPA and state officials on the amounts of
chemicals their facilities release into the environment. The information the
Agency receives through this reporting requirement is known collectively as the
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) . EPCRA also requires EPA to make TRI information
publicly accessible. The Right-to-Know strategic goal empowers communities to
assess local environmental risks and to take action to stop pollution at local
levels.
Lead poisoning is one of the most serious and preventable environmental
threats to children in the United States. The Federal lead program has had a
series of major successes ove-r the past five years. Through successful
government action, average blood lead levels for children in the United States
have fallen dramatically. However, a tremendous amount of work remains to be
done. The major goal of EPA's lead program is to empower citizens with accurate
information and to have in place state, local and private delivery systems to
allow them to act to protect their children and themselves from the human health
risks associated with exposure to lead.
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OFFICE of PREVENTION, PESTICIDES, AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
DATA OUTPUT CHART
Pes t i c i de s Program
O Old Chemicals 760
O Amendments 3,400
O New Uses 120
O New Chemicals 30
O Tolerances 500
O Inert s 50
O Emergency Exemptions {Section 18s) 350
O Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) 42
O Special Reviews 8
O Develop and distribute pamphlets to general public
providing information on the benefits and potential
risks of pesticides
O Implement the streamlined process for antimicrobial
review/regulations
O Complete the development and begin implementation of
screening and testing strategy for identification
of suspected endocrine disrupters .
O Refine and implement the criteria for identifying
'reduced risk pesticides and ensure expedited review
of these chemicals
O Develop programs to implement the registration renewal
program
O Implement the tolerance reassessment plan
O Finalize plans and begin implementation for meeting
minor use provisions of FQt>A
Toxic Sm
Risk Management Assessments 0
Section 8 (Information Reporting) Rules
Section 8 (a) 2
Section 8 1
Section 8 (d) 3
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o Section 12/13 (Export/Import)
Export Notices 9,200
Notification Letters 1,800
o Other Ruleraakings / Voluntary Agreements 2
Benzidine Dyes Congener (Final SNUR)
Baltimore Project (Completion)
o PCB Rules / Amendments 1
PCB Disposal Amendments
o TRI Form R's Processed 110,000
o New Chemical .Submissions 2,200
o Biotechnology Reviews 12
1997
Pesticides Program
0 Old Chemicals 740
O Amendments 3,200
0 New Uses 100
O New Chemicals 20
O Tolerances 150
O Inerts 30
O Emergency Exemptions (Section 18s) 380
O Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) 30
O Special Reviews 8
0 Develop risk exposure models for estimating dietary
risk to children and/or other sensitive populations
0 Develop pamphlets to general public providing information
on the benefits and potential risks of pesticides
O Solicit stakeholders' feedback through correspondence,
focus groups, and workshops on all areas of the
antimicrobial review/regulatory process
O Develop and publish EPA's 10-year plan for tolerance
reassessment
0 Develop tolerance reassessment program
0 Develop and publish final rule oXitlining the process
for establishing emergency exemption tolerances
O Develop procedures and guidelines for implementing'
expedited processing and review of lower risk "pesticides
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O Publish for public comment proposals for implementing
the minor use provisions of FQPA.
0 Publish an FQPA implementation plan
Toxic S"fostances Program
o Risk Management Assessments . 3
Baltimore Project
Consumer Labeling
Paint Stripping
o Section 8 (Information Reporting) Rules
Section 8(a) 2
Section 8 1
Section 8(d) 2
o Section 12/13 (Export/Import)
Export Notices 9,200
Notification Letters 1,800
o Other Rulemaki'ngs / Voluntary Agreements 4
Acryiamide
Benzidine Dyes Congener (Vol. Agrmt)
Benzidine Dyes (Final SNUR)
Octabromodiphenyl Oxide / Decabromodiphenyl Oxide
o PCB Rules / Amendments 4
PCB Transformer Reclassification Rule
PCB Import for Disposal Rule
PCB Exemption Petitions (2)
o PCB Storage / Disposal Permitting
Nationwide / Storage Approvals 20
Nationwide / Disposal Permits 25
o TRI Form R's Processed 110,000
o New Chemical Submissions 2,200
o Biotechnology Reviews 12
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MISSION AND POLICY SUPPORT
1988 ...... PROGRAM REQUgST
The Agency requests a total of $4,506,400 and 41.8 total workyears for 1998
in the Mission and Policy Support program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component support management of the
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) Programs and the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator. Key activities include day-to-day
management of the program offices including administrative, financial and
budgeting activities; coordinating planning and liaison activities within the
organization and between our clients and customers; conducting economic and
policy analysis on the impact of regulations and establishing science policy; ,
coordinating the implementation of the new Food Quality Protection Act of 1996;
and representing and coordinating the Agency's international pesticide and toxic
chemical interests .
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE ; +1.0 FTE - S18.0K
OPPTS is investing 2.0 total work year in the President's Right-to-Know
Initiative which will coordinate the building of a system that provides families
with better access to information about the risks they face from toxic chemicals
and .pesticides. Decreased dollars are a result of administrative reform and
workforce recosting.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency budget is a total of $4,524.4 and 40.8 total workyears for the
Mission and Policy Support program component. Major activities within this
program component are: supporting management of the OPPTS programs and the in
Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator. Key activities include
strategic planning, policy development, and management guidance for the
Pesticide, Toxic Substances, and Pollution Prevention Programs; liaison and
Coordination with the Administrator, Deputy Administrator, Regional
Administrators, the Office of Management and Budget, Congress, constituent
groups, etc.; and resource management, budget formulation, and execution.
REGISTRATION
19.9.6 ....... PROGRAM.
The Agency requests a total of $30,331,900 and 253.5 total work years for
1998 in the Registration program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the implementation of
the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) with a total request of $6,298,300 and
34.7 total workyears; Registration Program with a total request of $21,462,400
and 220.9 total workyears; and the Working Capital Fund with a total request of
$2,571,200. Additional Working Capital Funds are needed to support the increased
workforce .
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In 1998, the implementation of the FQPA requirements continues to be a
major priority for the Agency ensuring the continued safety of our food supply,
particularly for children. The Agency will continue to review all existing
tolerances; streamline the process for antimicrobial pesticides; evaluate the
risk of pesticides suspected as endocrine disruptors; refine and implement
procedures to review pesticide registration every fifteen years; promote or
retain the registration of minor uses; publish consumer friendly information on
the risks and benefits of pesticides; and refine measures for expediting review
of reduced risk pesticide applications that meet the determined criteria.
FIPRA and FFPCA authorize EPA to set terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing and use. Under the Registration Program, new pesticides,
including biologicals, are registered on the basis of data reviewed by the Agency
and current registrations are amended to add new uses and new formulations. This
program also includes special registration, tolerance setting activities,
registration permits for use of pesticides for emergency pest situations, and
experimental purposes under set conditions.
The Registration Program is a statutorily mandated activity which, in
reviewing chemicals for registration, contributes greatly to the Agency's
.multimedia approach of Pollution Prevention, by reviewing chemicals submitted for
registration and keeping those chemicals which are deemed harmful to human health
and the environment off the market, or by setting restrictions for their use.
The program also contributes to the Agency's goal of protecting children's health
by ensuring the safety of our food from pesticides.
The Agency will work to reinstate pesticide registration fees that Congress
suspended through 1997. Through such fees, manufacturers of new pesticide
products share the cost of ensuring that authorized uses of these products do not
pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment. In addition, the
Agency continues to collect $2 million in fees for tolerance setting activities.
The Working Capital Fund provides ongoing data processing and
telecommunication services for the program as well as program postage costs,
EXPIAMATION OF CHMISB; _+_13_.9 FTE ±$3,;f:75i.:5K
The changes in the Budget Request from 1997 to 1998 are due to increased
resources to carry out FQPA, payroll enrichments, and Working Capital Fund due
to workload and service expansion. The FQPA activities are detailed below:
implementation of FQPA (+16.0 FTE; +$694,100). This increase provides for
continued implementation of FQPA within the Registration program component.
These activities began in 1997 and will accelerate in 1998. They are described
below:
Antimicrobial Reform - Resources for this activity will provide for
development and implementation of new regulatory review processes, computerized
tracking systems, laboratory equipment and techniques to increase testing
capacities and other technologies which will aid in electronic information
dissemination and exchange with the regulated industry, regions, and states..
Kndoctine Disrupters - With additional resources, -"the Agency will continue
development of information and tools to screen and evaluate the risk of
pesticides suspected as environmental hormone disruptors. EPA will develop a
screening and testing strategy to prioritize chemicals for evaluation. A
database on the effects of specific environmental hormone disrupter effects;
comparative and cumulative risk assessment methods for mixtures and multiple
exposures; and scientific as well as regulatory policies for. regulatory
consistency will be developed.
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Minor Use - Additional resources will provide for expedited review of minor
use applications, coordination between government agencies, and encouraging minor
use registration through the extension of deadlines for data submission.
Reduced Risk Chemical - Safer Pesticides - Additional resources will assess
and refine initial procedures and guidelines established in 1997 for expediting
the review of new active ingredients or uses meeting established criteria for
reduced risk. The Agency will continue to conduct screening, science reviews,
and regulatory review of reduced risk chemicals and uses with the goal of
reducing the review time.
Communications - The Agency will continue updating materials and mechanisms
to provide the general public and industry information on program goals and
objectives. Environmental Justice, an important EPA goal, will be furthered
through Spanish translations of pesticide publications and fact sheets. A "plain
English" guide on the implications of the FQPA will be completed. Activities
within the Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee will be expanded.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency budget is a total of $28,580,400 and 239.6 total workyears for
the Registration program component. Major activities within this program
component are the implementation of the FQPA; core Registration program
activities; and the Working Capital Fund.
The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 sets numerous requirements
for the Agency to ensure the continued safety of our food supply. The Act calls
for dramatic revisions in the Agency's procedures for setting tolerances and
registration actions. Some of the major requirements are that the Agency review
all existing tolerances (over 9,000) within ten years. This entails reviewing
the tolerance in a significantly different way, considering a new health-based
standards and aggregate exposures. FQPA also requires streamlining the process
for involving antimicrobial pesticides and evaluating the risk of pesticides
suspected as environmental hormone disruptots. FQPA requires reviewing pesticide
registrations every fifteen years to ensure that all pesticides meet updated
safety standards and include aggregate risk assessment in this review. The new
law requires EPA to take several significant steps designed to promote or retain
the registration of minor uses. Consumer friendly information on the risks and
benefits of pesticides, including biopesticides will be developed. Finally
criteria for reduced-risk pesticides and expedited review of applications that
meet these criteria will be developed.
Emphasis will be the regulatory implications of new biological pesticides.
There has been a significant increase in small scale field test notifications,
experimental use permit applications and registrations of microbial and
biochemical pesticides both naturally occurring and genetically engineered.
These biological pesticides are generally safer than chemical pesticides and EPA
places a priority on processing these applications for registration. Resources
budgeted for the registration of new biologicals will enable the Agency to
expedite and keep pace with the increase in submissions for small scale field
test notifications, experimental use permit applications, and registrations
related to microbial and biochemical pesticides both naturally occurring and
genetically engineered.
The Agency continues to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient. In 1997, the Agency is
investigating methods to incorporate FQPA requirements into the tolerance setting
activities. The Agency continues to cooperate and consult with the TJSDA, FDA,
and states by sharing information and working together to monitor pesticide use
and pesticide residues in food and feed. International activities include the
2-2.19
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exchange of information between the U.S. and foreign governments and the
harmonization of U.S. and international standards.
Core Registration activities include all activities authorized under FIFRA
and FFDCA for pesticide registration, marketing and use. Included in this are
all activities associated with the registration of new chemicals, old chemicals
(me-toos) , new uses, amendments, inert ingredients reviews, special registration,
experimental use, emergency exemptions, safer chemicals and antimicrobial
efficacy.
The resources within the Working Capital Fund will continue to provide data
processing, telecommunication support and postage for the program.
REREGISTRATION
1998 PROGRAM RBQUESI
The Agency requests a total of $46,477,000 and 493.1 total workyears for
1998 in the Reregistration program component of which 270.7 are from EPM and
222.4 workyears are from the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
ACTJVITIjBS
Major activities within this program component are the core Reregistration
Program with a total request of $20,542,000 and 354.3 total work years, of which
131.9 total workyears are for the Environmental Programs and Management account
and 222.4 work years are for the FIFRA Fund; the Special Review Program with a
request of $7,151,400 and 77.6 total work years; Protection of Children's Health
Initiative with a request of $1,500,000; activities associated with
implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act with a request of $14,684,300
and 61.2 total work years; and the Working Capital Fund with a request of
$2,599,300.
The FIFRA '88 Amendments require the Agency to review and reregister all
pesticides that were registered before November 1984 . The Agency has made
substantial progress in implementing FIFRA ' 88 and met several statutorily set
deadlines, such as listing active ingredients (Lists A-D) , processing of
registrants' declarations of intent to pursue reregistration, and issuance of
guidelines for determining the adequacy of previously conducted scientific
studies on pesticides. In 1991, EPA began issuing Reregistration Eligibility
Documents (REDs) . The Agency will be continuing this effort through 1998. The
issuance of REDs include a review of the final data and a decision to reregister
the pesticide or take other action- Activities associated with RED production
include identifying candidates, with food use chemicals as a priority; reviewing
databases; and writing, reviewing, and revising REDs. Identification of tiered
data requirements, review of toxicology CORT studies (chronic feeding,
oncogenicity, reproduction, and teratology studies) and section 6 (a) (2) adverse
effect data submissions will continue to be a priority in the study reviews .
Science reviews of studies will be conducted and summaries will be produced.
Follow-up to Data Call-ins (DCIs) will be conducted. After the RED is issued,
reregistration reviews and decisions will continue at the product level within
each reregistration case. Additionally, as data gathered through the
reregistration process continues through review, the Agency expects that some
pesticides will .be found to meet the triggers for special reviews .
In 1998, the implementation of the FQPA requirements continues to be a
major priority for the Agency to ensure the continued safety of our food supply.
The Agency will continue to review all existing tolerances; streamline the
process for involving antimicrobial pesticides; evaluate the risk of pesticides
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suspected as environmental hormone disrupters; refine and implement procedures
to review pesticide registration every fifteen years; promote the registration
of minor uses; publish consumer friendly information on the risks and benefits
of pesticides; and refine measures for expediting review of safer pesticides.
The new FQPA contributes to the Agency priorities of protecting the public's
health (especially our childrens) through our assurance that chemicals,
registered more than a decade ago, do not remain on the marketplace if they are
found to present an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment.
The Working Capital Fund provides data processing, telecommunication
services and-program postage.
EXPIANATION OF CHANGE; +33.0 FTE -S3.697.2jC
The net change between the 1997 budget and the 1998 request are due to
increased payroll costs, increases in the working capital fund due to increased
workforce, and expiration of the Congressional Add for the Pesticide Data
Program; in addition to the following:
Implementation of FQPA (+38.3 FTE; $5,683,400) This investment provides
for continued implementation of FQPA activities in 1998 within the Reregistration
program component. Of the total workyears, 20 FTEs are for the EPM Account and
1.8.3 FTEs are for the FIFRA Fund. These activities began in 1997 and will
continue into 1998,
Tolerances - The Act requires a review of all existing tolerances (over
9,000) within 10 years. OPP is upgrading the review procedures for new
tolerances as part of the registration program, and for the reevaluation of old
tolerances as part of the Reregistration Program, The effort will concentrate
on reviewing tolerances directed at ensuring that the levels set will be
protective for the U.S. population, with special emphasis on infants and
children. In order to successfully carry out this mandate, many new activities
are being undertaken. The Agency is also developing programs to assess new and
'reassess existing tolerances which will include new safety standards for
children. The Agency is proceeding with the following activities to meet FQPA
requirements: including assessments of increased sampling of pesticide
residues from foods, especially those consumed by children; development and
application of improved dietary exposure models for estimating dietary risk for
children; development of risk assessment methodologies to assess cumulative
dietary risk from multiple chemicals with common modes of action, and multiple
sources of exposure (e.g., food, drinking water and exposure from homeowner and
residential uses) ,- incorporating the requirement to issue a tolerance, or
exemption from tolerance, for every food use emergency exemption granted into our
tolerance evaluation system; development of elaborate data bases to store and
allow easy access to the data necessary to perform complex risk assessments;
development of reasonable default assumptions when the complete set of data to
perform the complex risk assessment are not available or reliable; coordination
and use of data with USDA, FDA and HHS to collect appropriate residue and dietary
consumption data; cooperation with other agencies, academia, industry scientists,
etc., to set research priorities, identify data gaps particularly in the area of
exposure and develop appropriate exposure models. As in 1997, EPA expects to
collect $2 million in fees as an offset to the cost of tolerance determination.
These requirements represent a new way of evaluating the safety of pesticides
which will require the development of new methodologies and systems to conduct
these evaluations.
Antimicrobial Reform - Additional resources for this activity will provide
for development and implementation of new regulatory review processes,
computerized tracking systems, laboratory equipment and techniques to increase
testing capacities and other technologies which will ' aid in electronic
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information dissemination and exchange with the regulated industry, regions, and
states.
Endocrine Disrupters - With additional resources, the Agency will continue
development of information and tools to screen and evaluate the risk of
pesticides suspected as endocrine disrupters. A screening- and testing strategy
to prioritize chemicals for evaluation will be developed. A database will be
developed on the effects of specific environmental hormone disrupter effects;
comparative and cumulative risk assessment methods for mixtures and multiple
exposures; and scientific as well as regulatory policies for consistency.
Registration Renewal - Additional resources will provide for the
development of new policies and programs to ensure the review of pesticide
registration every fifteen years. Efforts will include Data Call-Ins (DCls) for
the first registrations up for renewal.
Communications - Additional resources will be used to improve and expand
the development of outreach materials and development of outreach mechanisms to
access the public and industry information on program goals and objectives.
President's Right-to-Know Initiative (+2,0 FTE; $708,600) - Resources
requested will provide for implementation of the President's President's Right-
to-Know Initiative. The effort will provide information to the public on
environmental health risks from pesticides, including cancer, developmental,
hormonal and reproduction risks. Improved information and access to pesticide
information will foster informed consumer choices. OPP will seek further
coordination and cooperative efforts with other government agencies having
similar or related information on pesticides with the goal of providing a one-
stop access system for the public,
Assessing Health Risks to Children (+$1,500,000) - Assessing health risks
to children from environmental pollutants is a major new bold initiative for the
Agency. In 1995 EPA announced a new Agency-wide policy to ensure that
environmental health risks of children are explicitly and consistently evaluated
in our risk assessments, risk characterizations, and environmental and public
health standards. The Agency also issued a national agenda on Children's
environmental health in late 1996 and strategic agenda for this initiative. To
adequately protect children we must reassess our current information and
approaches on determining risks to children and accordingly develop national
standards. In 1998, EPA proposes a significant Agency-wide multi-year initiative
to (a) evaluate current risk assessment protocols and methods to ensure they take
into account unique multi-pathway exposures for children; (b) update information
specifically about children's exposure to pollution threats; and assess current
national environmental and health standards to ensure they adequately address
risks to children's health. This initiative will build upon current Agency-wide
activities to ensure a consistent approach in improving our risk assessments and
national standards, specifically to protect children.
Pesticide Data Program
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In 1997, the program is continuing core Reregistration activities and
intensify negotiations on risk reduction measures. As the more formal Special
Review process, involving opportunity for public comment is de-emphasized,
special reviews which present higher risk to human health will take priority.
Increased reliance on negotiations is essential as are the information resource
management improvements, including IRM data access investment.
The Agency will also continue improvements in public access to pesticide
databases. .Efforts to expedite public access to food consumption survey data
will continue through the development of an Automated Data Collection System
which will permit direct computer entry of survey responses.
In 1997, the Agency is pursuing a number of activities towards improving
our information on how pesticides affect children. These activities will include
the development of a multiple exposure database. In order to thoroughly evaluate
the potential enhanced or diminished sensitivity of infants and children from
exposure to chemical toxicants, it is essential to have the appropriate
pharmacokinetic data on developing and immature animals or children to understand
the absorption distribution and metabolism of the chemicals in the body. These
type of data in immature and developing animals are currently not part of the
standard data set required for a food use chemical though some pesticide
registrants may do such studies on their own initiative. The Pesticides Program
believes that much of this type of information is produced by the pharmaceutical
companies in both animal and clinical trials for licensing of drugs which are
used in children. OPP, in cooperation with industry and the Food and Drug
Administration is evaluating the feasibility of developing a database with this
information. The database should include comparative pharmacokinetic studies in
adults and children or developing and immature animals and adult animals. This
will allow the Agency to extrapolate information for pesticides which are
structurally similar to drugs, and to make more informed decisions on the
sensitivity of the developing or immature child to the effects of exposure to
one or more pesticides.
Another activity in the assessment of health risk to children is the
.development of an improved, modernized Dietary Risk Evaluation System (DRES)
which will greatly enhance the ability to estimate the risk to children of
dietary exposure to pesticides. A new system would permit OPP to develop more
realistic exposure and risk estimates stratified by age and other demographic
parameters, and to better identify risk mitigation steps that would result in
reduced risks to children. Incorporation of data from episodic exposures and
drinking water exposures as required under FQPA could also be accommodated.
The Pesticide Data Program (PDP), previously administered by USDA, requires
the collection of statistically reliable pesticide residue data on selected
commodities. PDP was implemented by the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service
(AMS) in 1991 to provide EPA with data to conduct dietary risk assessments. The
selection of food commodities and pesticides to be tested for this program is
based on EPA's data needs and USDA's food consumption surveys. In 1997, Congress
funds were appropriated funds to the EPA for the temporary administration of the
PDP by EPA.
ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIPS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,212,100 and 27.0 total workyears for 1998
in the Environmental Partnerships program component.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the Environmental
Stewardship Program with a request of $2,557,500 and 18.0 total work years, the
Integrated Pest Management Program with a request of $790,400 and 7.0 total work
years, and related community-based activities with a request of $864,200 and 2.0
total work years.
These activities support the Agency's Pollution Prevention and 'Partnerships
approaches as well as the Agency's priority of enforcing the citizen's right-to-
know about the health of their environment. This is accomplished through
development and implementation of policies and regulations which provide guidance
to industry, Regions, states and the general public on better methods of
preventing pollution.
The goals of both. PESP and IPM are to stop harm to the environment, thus
these programs contribute to several of the Agency's multimedia approaches,
including Pollution Prevention, Partnerships, and Community Based Environmental
Protection. The Agency's priorities of protecting the health of our children
and our children's children, consideration of multiple sources of exposure in pur
research and standards, and contributing to the right of citizens to be
knowledgeable about the health of their environment as well as providing them an
opportunity to participate in the decisions affecting them, are also addressed
under this program component.
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) ($2,557,500 and 18.0
total workyears) - This program is a broad cooperative effort between EPA, USDA
and FDA to work with pesticide users to reduce potential pesticide risk and
pesticide use in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. It is a public
private partnership approach, completely voluntary, with pesticide user
organizations working with OPP. The program's goals are to (l) promote the
adoption of integrated pest management on 75% of U.S. agricultural acreage by the
year 2000, and (2) to develop specific risk and use reduction strategies that
include reliance on biological pesticides and other approaches to pest controls
that are considered safer than traditional chemical methods,. USDA has the lead
on the first goal. EPA has the lead for the second goal.
The establishment of a division for pollution prevention within the Office
of Pesticide Programs (OPP) in 1995 provided improved communications to the
public regarding integrated pesticide management practices, and use/risk
reduction in the use of pesticides.
PESP will increase its partnerships in 1998 and add more food commodities
to those included in the organizations working with EPA to reduce the risks from
the use of pesticides. Additionally, EPA would seek to recruit major Federal
agencies using pesticides into this program. The Department of Defense is
already working in partnership with EPA, but additional resources would enable
us to form partnerships with the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. National Park
Service, Bureau of Land Management, General Service Administration, etc. who have
expressed an interest in PESP. The Program will also work with the Tribes as
partners to reduce pesticide risk.
Integrated Pest Management Program (IPM) ($790,400 and 7.0 total workyears)
- This program is closely related to the Pesticides Environmental Stewardship
Program. IPM promotes the carefully managed use of various pest control tactics,
including biological, cultural, and chemical methods to achieve the best results
with the least damage to the environment,. The program relies upon an
understanding of the life cycles of pests and their interactions with the
environment. .Biological control refers to using natural enemies of the pest.
Cultural control involves practices of cultivation, crop rotation, and other
methods that prevent or control pests.
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Reducing risks to children from pesticides use in and around schools will
also be enhanced. The increased resources for an Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) Program in the schools would include dissemination of videos, educational
materials, and technical assistance. EPA has many requests from schools for
assistance to implement IPM. Additional resources would also allow us to launch
a program to extend use of safer pest control strategies to day care centers.
The adoption of biopesticides has increased eight fold (800%) over the last
ten years, but this only represents 1,5 percent of the total acres treated with
pesticides. Working with traditional technology transfer groups such as the
USDA's Extension Service, EPA will increase its cooperative efforts with
pesticide user groups to encourage more rapid adoption of safer pest control
methods. Working cooperatively with pesticide user groups will reduce the use
of the more toxic products by 'making users aware of safer alternatives to
pesticides.
KXPIANATION OF CHANGE; 0.0 EEB -t.$424,OK
The changes from 1997 to 1998 are due to expanding partnerships in the PESP
and to increased workforce costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,788,100 and 27.0 total workyears for
the Environmental Partnership program component.
PESP is EPA's most recently developed voluntary initiative. PESP seeks to
address a sector previously untouched by other voluntary initiatives—the use of
pesticides in agricultural and non-agricultural settings. PESP's goals were
developed by EPA, USDA and FDA in September 1993. These three agencies, which
share responsibility for pesticides, agreed to work jointly with pesticide user
groups to reduce the use of and the risks from pesticides in the United States,
In the Environmental Stewardship program, resources will continue to
support the Pesticide Use Reduction Initiative announced in June 1994. The
Agency will emphasize commodity specific environmental stewardship strategies and
has committed to working with USDA to enroll 75%of agricultural acreage in IPM
by the year 2000. The commodity-specific strategy is a holistic approach to new
crop production systems for pest control and water and nutrient management rather
than focusing on one pesticide at a time. Experience has shown that successful
on-farm demonstrations influence the pest control practices of other growers.
Resources in the Community Based Activities Program include a "Design for
the Environment" for farmers' project, and will provide for implementation of a
community-based environmental protection (CBEP) program. In 1997, a catalogue
of existing tools for CBEP and a survey of potential users of such tools is being
made available. Additionally, an assessment of the needs of organizations
actually conducting community-based environmental protection will be available,
providing us with a better understanding of these requirements. Resources will
be used to develop and improve tools to meet these needs, which may include:
providing information on pesticides and toxic substances in an easily accessible,
user friendly delivery system; providing expertise of OPPTS staff to community
based projects; developing flexible regulatory approaches to meet the needs of
communities; and developing technical guidance and analytical tools which will
help communities evaluate their environmental problems.
,In addition to tool development, OPPTS will continue and increase direct
participation in community based projects and cooperate with other program
offices to provide multimedia support.
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FrBLD PROGRAMS^ANP JEXTBRITAL ACTIVITIES
1998 PROGRAMREQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $17,452,600 and 155.1 total workyears for
1998 in the Field Programs and External Activities program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the Worker Protection
Program with a request of $2,635,000 and 35.0 total work years, the Groundwater
Program with a request of $2,064,500 and 28.0 total workyears, the Certification
and Training of pesticide applicators with a request of $1,066,600 and 17.2 total
work years, the Endangered Species Program with a request of $399,000 and 5.0
total work years, Community Based activities with a request of $482,500 and 2.5
total work years, and other outreach, communication, coordination and support
activities necessary to support the QPP programs with a request of $10,805,000
and 67.4 total work years.
Worker Protection Standard (WPS) ($2,635,000 and 35.0 total workyears) -
This program is designed to protect the health and safety of .agricultural workers
from occupational exposure to pesticides on farms, in forests, greenhouses and
nurseries. This goal is achieved through ensuring adequate and effective
protection for farm workers and handlers exposed to pesticides; providing
effective training of employers, workers and handlers; obtaining effective and
timely label changes on pesticide products in the channels of trade, developing
and implementing quality compliance programs in all states; and creating an
environment of credibility and of acceptance of the program in the field by
farmers and workers alike.
Pesticide Groundwater Program ($2,064,500 and 28.0 total workyears) - The
goal of this program is to protect the nation's groundWater from potential risks
of contamination posed through pesticide use. Groundwater is a priority concern
for both human health and environmental protection reasons. It is the source of
drinking water for about half of the u". S. population, and because it flows into
lakes and rivers, it helps support fish and wildlife habitats and commercial
activity. EPA's Pesticide groundwater strategy is based on cooperative effort
with the states and EPA regions to develop State Management Plans to prevent
groundwater pollution from pesticides.
Endangered Species Program ($399,000 and 5.0 total workyears) - This
program seeks to provide an effective, comprehensive program to protect
endangered wildlife and critical habitat from pesticide use. In doing so, EPA
enlists the support of the agricultural community and other interested groups.
EPA also works closely with other federal agencies and the states to maximize
resources and ensure that we conduct a program that is appropriate for specific
localities.
Certification and Training Program ($1,066,600 and 17.2 total workyears) -
'This program provides funds for the training and recertification of private and
commercial applicators of restricted use pesticides every five years. The
resources also provide for guidance and technical assistance to the states by
EPA's Regional offices on pesticide issues such as application techniques,
toxicity, and disposal.
Working Capital Fund - The WCF program will provide resources for the
Regional postage and computer services.
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EXPIiAHATION OF CHAN6E; ±5.6 FTE +S808.IK
The change from the 1997 Budget are due to increased workyears for the
Certification and Training Program, new investments in the Groundwater Program,
and increased workforce costs.
Groundwater State Management Plans (SMP) (+3 FTE (Regions); +-$394,500) -
In 1998 a two-year window (1998 and 1999) is provided to states by the SMP rule
for the development of pesticide-specific SMPs. One of the more challenging
requirements for states will be the accurate identification of vulnerable areas
as the technical basis for state monitoring.
During this period, the Regions will be called upon to provide guidance and
technical assistance to the states that face these requirements. The additional
workforce will be used to augment Regional technical capability in these areas
to find workable approaches to difficult state circumstances.
These investments build on the Agency criteria of Risk Reduction/
Environmental Justice and approach to Pollution Prevention. It also supports the
Agency emphasis on vulnerable populations, especially for children in urban and
rural disadvantaged communities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $16,644,500 and 149.5 total work years
under this program component. Major activities within this program component are
the Worker Protection Program, the Groundwater Program, the Certification and
Training of pesticide applicators, the Endangered Species program, and community
based activities under this program component.
Resources for the Worker Protection Program will provide for initiation of
an evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the Worker Protection Standards
(WPS) as well as enhancement of the states' role in WPS. EPA will fund a "state
needs assessment" to facilitate implementation and determine areas of WPS
effectiveness within states. The Agency will work with the states, incorporating
local assessments into a national assessment to: determine WPS effectiveness
measures in the areas of training and communication; establish if the WPS
exception process is being used properly to meet local flexibility needs,- and
estimate costs incurred by complying with WPS. A WPS effectiveness
measurement/indicator system will be developed with the state lead agencies and
data gathered will be used to analyze the information for possible use in future
rule actions or regulatory guidance.
Implementation of the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) will continue
through a well-targeted, high quality communications program. Development and
distribution of support materials, training, and follow-up are critical to its
success. Implementation of the WPS requires substantial coordination with all
affected parties. This rule, which invpacts three to four million handlers, as
well as over one million agricultural establishments, requires a significant
increase in resources in both Headquarters and the Regions to accomplish its
mission. States will continue development, reproduction and distribution of
training materials. Training and outreach efforts are key to the program and
will be pursued aggressively. Regional assistance to states, coordination with
affected agencies, assistance in ensuring training, development and use of public
information materials explaining the new regulations, and distribution of these
materials are also a vital part of this program.
Implementation of the groundwater strategy will also continue.
Headquarters staff will provide regulatory and policy decisions and guidance for
the development of Groundwater State Management Plans (SMP}. EPA promulgation
of regulations will continue, making specific pesticides (those that may pose an
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unreasonable environmental risk by its threat to groundwater) subject to SMPs.
Regional staff will "continue to meet the various demands in the Groundwater
Program area which are measured by a number of activities. All states will be
either developing, revising or implementing Pesticide Groundwater SMPs. Regional
staff will continue to provide technical assistance to states during the
development and implementation phase which will require significant expertise and
time in coordinating all groundwater protection programs sponsored by the Agency
and the state.
The Endangered Species Program will provide an effective, comprehensive
program to protect endangered wildlife and critical habitat from pesticide use.
In doing so, EPA enlists the support of the agricultural community and other
interested groups. EPA also works closely with other Federal agencies and the
states to maximize resources and ensure that we conduct a program that is
appropriate for specific localities. In the Endangered Species Program,
assistance in the development of state-initiated endangered species protection
plans will continue. The combination of a larger universe of endangered species
to protect from pesticide use along with an enforceable program will require
closer coordination with other federal agencies. Headquarters consultations with
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will continue, as will habitat map and county
bulletin production for pesticides of concern. The Agency will continue to
provide for efforts in communication and outreach activities as resources allow.
Regional staffs include senior level pesticide experts who will continue
to provide technical expertise on pesticide issues such as Certification and
Training (C&T) application techniques, toxicity, pesticide disposal, and
restricted use pesticides. A well-targeted, high quality program in
communications, development and distribution of support materials, training and
follow-up is required. Communication and outreach efforts will continue. The
Regions will provide guidance to the states in conducting workshops, briefings
and informational meetings. The C&T Program provides funds for the training and
recertification of private and commercial applicators of restricted use
pesticides by the states every five years. Base activities and implementation
of the C&T program will continue in 1997.
Resources will provide for various other activities such as: Regional
Working Capital; building Regional and state capabilities and Regional Liaison;
environmental indicators; international activities and non-agricultural pesticide
use surveys; and cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on such matters as analytical
test methods, multi-residue test methods, the sharing of pesticide use
information. Other areas of emphasis will continue to include worker protection
implementation with a multiplicity of stakeholders,, A strong Regional component
complements these programs to assure the protection of water resources (ground
and surface). In the implementation of these programs, the Agency considers
integrated pest management (IPM) and reduced use of pesticides of vital
importance. These resources also include funds for Senior Environmental
Employees who are an integral part of the Pesticide Programs in the Regions.
COMMOKITy RISHT TO KNOW (Pesticides)
1998 PROGRAM REOOEST
The Agency requests a total of $2,603,800 and 9.0 total workyears for 1998
in the Community Right to Know program component.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are those responding to
requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) with a total request of
$409,500 and 3.0 total work years, the National Pesticides Telecommunications
Network (NPTN) with a total request of $576,900 and Public Docket activities with
a request of $129,600 and 1.0 total work years and additional activities
associated with the implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) with
a total request of $1,487,800 and 5.0 total work years
The activities in this program component include activities which are
necessary to respond to public inquiries. These activities include responding
to requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), maintenance of the
Pesticide Program Public Docket, and maintenance of the National Pesticides
Telecommunications Network (NPTN).
As part of FOIA, EPA responds to technical requests for information from
the public. The most common of these requests are for science reviews of
registration data, administrative files for pesticide products and reregistration
information.
The Pesticide Program Public Docket houses the regulatory notices,
background documents, and public comments on Pesticide Program activities. These
are organized into four dockets: Federal Register, Special Review, Registration
Standard, and Special Program Dockets. The docket is capable of receiving
electronic submission of public comments.
The NPTN is a national service accessible through a toll-free number. It
provides objective information about pesticides including general information on
pesticide products, issues concerning health, safety and use, and pesticide
incident reports or requests for assistance on pesticide incidents.
These activities provide assistance and training to the Regions and the
general public through the dissemination of information and by making information
on pesticides more accessible. Additionally, NPTN provides assistance through
consultation with trained pesticide experts for the public's benefit in dealing
with pesticide incidents. These activities also support the Agency criteria of
prevention and deterrence and risk reduction. It also supports the Agency's
priorities of protecting health (especially our childrens) and enforcing the
right of citizen's to be knowledgeable about the health of their environment.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 4.0 FTE +S702.8K
The changes in the 1998 Budget Request from the 1997 Budget are due to
investments in implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA).
FQPA Community Right to Know - In 1998, the Agency will continue developing
updating, printing, and distributing public brochures to large retail grocers,
providing consumer-friendly information on pesticides. The Consumer Labeling
Initiative will improve accessibility of pesticide data for states, stakeholders,
.and the general public. The 'President's Right-to-Know Initiative, funded in the
Reregistration Program component, will help enhance our community right-to-know
activities especially our National Pesticides Telecommunications Network.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,901,.000 and 5.0 total workyears.
Major activities within this program component are those providing assistance and
training to the general public and the Regions and which respond to requests
under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) ,- the National Pesticides
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Telecommunications Network {KTPTN) ,- Public Docket activities? and implementation
of the FQPA.
The activities in this component include activities which are necessary in
order to respond to public inquiries . These activities include responding to
requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) , maintenance of the OPP
Public Docket, and maintenance of the National Pesticides Telecommunications
Network (NPTN) .
COMMOMTTY RIGHT- TO -IQiOW (EPCRA)
1998 JROI3RAM REOPESt
The Agency requests a total of $27,446,700 and 120.1 total workyears in
1998 for the Community Right- To-Know program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Information System (40.7 FT1, $10,554,900}
The TRI Information System is a public access database containing information on
industrial releases and transfers of toxic chemicals extracted from the
approximately 110,000 Form R's submitted by the private and public sectors each
year. The number of Form R's submitted each year is expected to significantly
increase as a result of TRI chemical and facility expansion. The information
contained on the forms is the chief building block of the TRI Information System.
The TRI Information System covers over 650 chemicals. Since 1987, the TRI
Program has been collecting and distributing to the public this information. It
is the first EPA data base designed specifically to foster the public's right-to-
know with the primary purpose of making information more readily available to
communities. Since 1988, companies have eliminated more than one 1.5 billion
pounds of environmental releases, an overall reduction of more than 40%.
EPA is working to reduce the TRI reporting burden on industry and clear up
confusion over the pollution prevention reporting requirements by simplifying the
reporting form, developing definitions for the reporting elements, and
streamlining the reporting methods (electronic - One Stop Reporting) .
TRI Outreach and Technical Support (17.3 FTE, $2,603,400) - At the heart
of the Right-to-Know strategy is making toxic chemical release information
publicly available and by doing so empowering the public with the information
they need to take action to protect their health and the quality of their
environment, EPA makes toxic release information available through the annual
Toxic Release Inventory Report, by putting the data base on the National Library
of Medicine ' s TOXNBT system, on the Internet , and by improving other methods
delivering this information electronically. As part of the Children's Health
Initiative, TRI will provide families with information on toxic substances
embodied in products, with other fact sheets informing parents on a variety of
Community Right-To-Know concerns.
EPCRA Section 313 Rulemaking (32.5 FTE, $5,994,200) - Originally TRI was
.limited to the manufacturing sector and approximately 320 chemicals. In the
first phase of TRI expansion, EPA added 286 new chemicals and chemical categories
to the toxic chemical list. In the future, EPA will look at groups of chemicals
such as persistent bioaccumulators for further, chemical expansion. In the second
phase, EPA is proposing to expand the industrial groups that will report by 6,400
bringing the total number of facilities which are required to report to 31,000,
The addition of these industry groups will give the public a more thorough
picture of toxic chemical releases in their communities.
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EPA is also investigating whether the types of data collected should be
expanded to include chemical use data. These efforts will result in giving the
public better information on toxic chemicals present in their communities that
may affect them. under the Toxics Substances Control Act, EPA will continue
development and implementation of a Chemical Use Inventory (GUI) for Toxics
Information Products (4.7 FTE, $872,700). The GUI will provide data on chemical
use patterns that, combined with hazard and exposure information, screens
chemicals to identify those of greatest potential concern. EPA will make GUI
information available to the public to identify prevention and risk reduction
opportunities .
President's Right-to-Know Initiative (8.5 FTE; $4,133,200) - Activities
will provide information on a range of environmental health risk indicators. EPA
will invest in fact sheets on toxic chemicals most likely to be used in and
around the home. These fact sheets will report on the hazards and risks posed
by these chemicals and provide guidance .on common practices to minimize or
prevent unnecessary exposure. EPA will develop a generic listing rule to add
chemicals from the TSCA risk management process directly to the Toxic Release
Inventory in a project called the TSCA Right -To -Know Link. The results of this
effort, through outreach and education, will help families, scientists, .and the
business community understand what toxic chemicals are present in their
communities. Major upgrades will expand the capabilities of the Agency's
electronic systems, a key feature in efforts to improve one- stop access.
Working Capital Fund ($1,222,800) - WCF provides basic infrastructure
support to the program and includes mainframe computer services, phones, postage
and LAN support.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +6.3 FTE
Section 313 Rulemaking (-$845,200) - Completion will allow funds to be
redirected into other areas .
TRI Information System (-$930,000) - Completed activities include the Data
Quality Survey and the Non-Responder Survey. Completions of these surveys and
added efficiencies gained by system productivity enhancements allow for
redirection of funds to higher priority areas.
President's Right-to-Know Initiative (-I-8.5 FTE, +$4,133,200) - Provides
information on a range of environmental health risk indicators , EPA will invest
in fact sheets on toxic chemicals most likely to be used in and around the home.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $25,123,200 and 113.8 total workyears for
the Community Right-To-Know program component. Major activities within this
program are :
TRI Information System - This system will continue to collect, process and
distribute TRI data. The EPA 'will concentrate on data management., data quality,
public data access and expansion of the use of TRI data by state and local
governments, other EPA offices, industry and the public.
TRI Outreach and Technical - Support activities involve offering technical
assistance, information dissemination and training to other Federal agencies,
public and private organizations and to the general public. These efforts better
enable individuals to become more aware of toxic chemicals in their own
neighborhoods and thereby stimulate improvement of local environments.
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EPCRA Section 313 Rulemaking - Activities will continue to pursue many
activities to expand the public's right-to-know. EPA will carry out Executive
Order 12969, which requires companies to file TRI reports in order to compete for
Federal contracts. Under an EPA Presidential directive (K.O. ) in August 1995,,
the EPA will pursue expanding the number and types of facilities that are
required to submit TRI data. The directive also requires EPA to continue
exploring expansion of the types of data required to be reported under TRI,
including chemical use data. In 1997, EPA will continue to expand the public's
right-to-know with development and implementation of the chemical use inventory
(O7I) .
Working Capital Fund - WCF provides basic infrastructure support including
mainframe computer services, phones, postage and LAN support.
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $16,577,000 and 115.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Lead program component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
Lead Training (2.0 FTE, $1,258,600) - The efforts ensure that individuals
engaged in lead-based paint activities are properly trained, that training
programs are accredited, and that contractors are certified by the state. The
EPA has helped develop standards for conducting these activities. Other Lead
Training efforts involve assessing lead exposure potential to renovation and
remodeling workers, examining ways to reduce lead disposal and abatement costs,
and conducting research and disseminating information on a wide array of lead
related concerns.
Lead Rules and Guidelines (22.6 FTE, $3,089,900} - These will be
promulgated to set standards for lead-based-paint hazards, lead-contaminated
dust, and lead-contaminated soil. EPA will work with the Department of Housing
and Urban Development to implement rules requiring disclosure of lead-based paint
hazards in housing constructed before 1978 offered for sale or lease. EPA will
implement regulations to ensure that individuals engaged in lead-based paint
activities are trained, training programs are accredited, and contractors are
certified. EPA will also develop regulations that apply to renovation and
remodeling activities, promulgating regulations with EPA's Office of Solid Waste
to allow less expensive disposal of architectural materials previously painted
with lead-based paint. Finally, EPA will develop regulations for lead abatement
in public and commercial buildings and deleading of bridges and superstructures.
Lead Educational and Outreach (3.3 FTE, $2,061,700) - These activities will
increase public awareness of lead poisoning. Among these activities are a
clearinghouse, hotline, and publication of pamphlets and other multimedia
materials, all of which distribute information on lead poisoning and risk
reduction measures. As part of the Children's Health Initiative, $592,000 will
be directed into Childhood Lead Poisoning Outreach activities, targeted at
parents, the general public, and the regulated community.
Regions (74.4 PTE, $5,840,200} - play a key role in EPA's lead poisoning
prevention program activities. They work with states to build capabilities to
carry out comprehensive lead abatement and lead risk reduction programs. Regions
are vital to the development of state-based lead programs. Regional activities
also provide guidance and technical assistance to the public about health risks
from exposure to lead.
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Lead State Assistance (3.6 FTE, $2,517,500), and Demonstrations and Studies
(9.9 FTE, $1,729,800) - These studies will support rulemaking and low cost
abatement and awareness/prevention lead poisoning activities.
EXPLANATION OP CHANGE: +21.2 FTE 4-S372.6 K
Lead Demonstrations and Studies (-$494,200) - The demonstrations and
studies being completed in 1997.
Lead Rules and Guidelines (-$910,500) - The Agency will complete a number
of efforts pertaining to Section 403 (Identification of Dangerous Levels of
Lead) of Title X of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of
1992.
Regional Investment (21.2 FTE; $1,771,500) - Review and approval of
State/Tribal programs, Management of the lead program in states that do not seek
approval, and implementation of other federal regulatory efforts in lead (the
real estate disclosure rule),
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $16,204,400 and 94.5 total workyears for
the Lead program component. Major activities within this program component are:
Lead Training - EPA planned that the Regional lead training centers that
EPA established and funded will become self-supporting through charging fees and
tuition for the courses they offer. The training centers will be economically
self-sufficient.
Lead Rules and Guidelines - development to serve as standards in helping
the states, tribes, and territories set up lead poisoning prevention programs to
train and certify lead abatement inspectors, risk assessors and workers.
Lead State Assistance Efforts - OPPTS provides grants to states, tribes
and territories to build local capacity to assess the extent of lead poisoning
problems, abate lead paint hazards, and ensure that lead hazard removal is done
effectively.
Lead Education and Outreach - These activities will help educate the public
about lead-based hazards.
Regional Efforts - These efforts will continue to reduce human and
environmental exposure to lead. Active outreach to the states will continue to
develop lead program assistance to people affected by the dangers of lead.
States continue to be at the forefront of EPA's Regional lead abatement efforts.
Demonstrations and Studies - These studies are a part of the Agency's
efforts to carry out Title X of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Act of 1992.
Studies scheduled for 1997 include the Repair and Maintenance Study, research
into children's blood lead levels, technical updates to HUD guidelines, and
measurement methods.
AGENDA FORTOXICS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $38,678,400 and 281.5 total workyears in
1998 for the Agenda for Toxics program component.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Agenda for Toxics is a common sense approach to addressing the more
than 70,000 chemicals used in commerce today. The Agenda for Toxics focuses on
goals and objectives to assure results for the environment, human health and our
customers. The Agenda for Toxics will sharpen its focus on a set of high impact
achievable goals. EPA will collaboratively develop these goals with our
customers and will address chemical clusters, facilities, communities and sectors
instead of the chemical by chemical approach of the past. The Agenda for Toxics
provides a framework for dealing with complex environmental problems at multiple
levels: anticipatory risk reduction programs to foster the availability and use
of safe and effective products; programs to improve the understanding of hazards
and risks and by that reduce the uncertainty in risk assessment and risk
management judgements made by government, industry/ and the public; and programs
to mitigate major chemical problems effectively.
New Chemicals Program (108.4 FTK, $13,072,600) - This program identifies
risky chemicals before they enter commerce. Annually the New Chemicals Program
screens more than 2,200 new chemicals and takes action on more than 200% to
prevent harm to human health or the environment.
Chemical Testing (33.7 FTE, $3,463,700) and Existing Chemicals (85.7 FTE,
$8,224,900) - These programs identify and act on problem agents; encourage use
of safer substitutes; promote exposure mitigation via voluntary industry product
stewardship or regulations,- extoll pollution prevention plans; conduct testing;
and develop use or disposal restrictions. The Chemical Testing program has
collected a wealth of scientific information on chemicals in our environment and
continues to require chemical testing to fill data gaps. This information is
used throughout EPA and other Federal agencies to support risk assessment and
risk reduction decisions. The biotechnology program initiates appropriate
testing and controls to assure the safe introduction of new products of
industrial biotechnology.
Industrial Design for the Environment (DfE) Program (20.4 FTE, $6,857,100)
- This is a cooperative effort working with industry to build the principle of
pollution prevention into the design of chemicals and products before they
adversely affect human health or the environment. The DfE Program will conduct
Industry and User Cluster Profiles, particularly of the textile industry, newly
emerging partner of the DfE Program. The DfE Program will fund efforts to reduce
dangerous toxic emissions released by the metal finishing processes used by over
3,000 metal finishing facilities nationwide. In partnering with the metal
finishing and dry-cleaning industries, DfE Program will continue to generate and
disseminate information on viable pollution prevention alternatives. This
information will likely include Cleaner Technology Substitute Assessments, Life-
Cycle Assessment Tools, data on chemical design, and collaborations on new
accounting tools which incorporate environmental costs and benefits into
managerial and capital budgeting.
Endocrine Disrupter Program (3.0 FTE, $1,587,900) - This program develops
screening and testing methods to identify the highest risk chemicals. Some
chemicals currently in use today disrupt endocrine systems in wildlife and may
disrupt them in humans. Several categories of existing chemicals have been
implicated as potential endocrine disrupters including PCBs, alkyl phenols,
phthalates, polycarbonates, and dioxins. This will result in improved
understanding of endocrine Disrupter agents and reduced environmental loading.
PCBs (10 FTE, $1,442,900) and Asbestos (6.5 FTE, $765,500) - PCBs and
Asbestos are chemicals of national concern that have harmful human health
effects. The Asbestos Program will continue a number of activities, including
operating a central directory of asbestos training course providers and approved
courses, and addressing risks from synthetic mineral fibers. The PCB Program
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will continue to develop coordinated action plans for the manufacture,
processing, distribution in commerce, use and environmentally sound disposal of
PCBs while engaging in a variety of other PCB risk reduction activities.
Working Capital Fund ($1,222,700) - This program activity provides basic
infrastructure support to the program and includes mainframe computer services,
phones, postage and Local Area Network support.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -10.9 FTB +55.426.2K
Design for the Environment's Industrial Design (+$4,000,000) - This will
support the expansion of pollution prevention activities within the current
industrial sectors, as well as to provide for the possible addition of new
industrial sectors.
PCB Disposal Amendments (5.0 FTE; $1,049,200) - These rules will be
promulgated in 1997 to bring great relief to business from government regulatory
burdens. However, this development will impose additional costs on the EPA to
review permit applications and review risk assessment for PCB disposal.
Existing Chemicals Program (-18.1 FTE; -$727,200) - This program will be
streamlined to produce a savings, including administrative operations, and a
reduction of regulatory risk management activities.
Additional cost increases are due to personnel expenses in this program
component.
1997, ,PRQSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $33,252,200 and 292.4 total workyears for
the Agenda for Toxics program component. Major activities within this program
component are:
The New Chemicals/Biotechnology Program will concentrate on its
responsibilities to review new chemical substances and new biotechnology products
for human health and environmental concerns. In 3-997, EPA anticipates reviewing
approximately 2,200 Premanufacture Notices (PMNs), of which about 200 are
expected to result in voluntary or formal control actions. Most PMNs are subject
to user fees, which generate annual revenues of approximately $3,000,000. The
Chemical Testing Program will require testing on chemicals designated by the TSCA
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC); chemicals for which other EPA program
offices and other federal agencies have identified specific data needs; and U.S.
high production/importation volume chemicals for which testing needs are
identified by EPA screening analyses. The Existing Chemicals Program will be
responsible for identifying risks for existing chemicals, assessing alternatives,
and identifying pollution prevention opportunities through screening existing
chemicals, chemical clusters, processes, and use patterns.
The DfE Industrial Design Program will continue to work with the nation's
20,000 graphic art screen printing shops to reduce the use of toxic screen
reclamation chemicals. Also, in 1997 the DfE program will fund efforts to reduce
dangerous toxic emissions released by metal finishing processes used :by more than
3,000 finishing facilities nationwide. Similarly, DfE will continue to work with
the nation's 35,000 dry-cleaners to reduce exposure to perchloroethylene, a toxic
chemical solvent used by most dry-cleaners. '
The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) is an effort designed to achieve greater
environmental protection at less cost by addressing pollution on an industry-by-
industry basis, rather than by a pollutant-by-pollutant approach. EPA selected
six industrial sectors to serve as a pilot for the Common Sense approach to
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environmental protection. The six sectors are: auto manufacturing, computers and
electronics, iron and steel, metal finishing and plating, petroleum refining, and
printing. In 1997 EPA will see further adoption of pollution prevention
principles by all six industrial sectors, as they incorporate environmentally
benign practices in the life cycles of their products.
The Asbestos Program will continue a number of activities, including
operating a central directory of asbestos training course providers and approved
courses, and addressing risks from synthetic mineral fibers.
The PCB Program will continue to develop coordinated action plans for the
manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use and environmentally sound
disposal of PCBs while engaging in a variety of other PCB risk reduction
activities .
The Working Capital Fund provides basic infrastructure support to the
program and includes mainframe computer services, phones, postage and Local Area
Network support.
PRSVBMTIOH LEADERSHIP
1998 PROGRAM
The Agency requests a total of $3.4,078,600 and 63.4 total worfcyears in 1998
for the Pollution Prevention Leadership program component,
H&JQR ACTIVITIES
Pollution Prevention (27.5 FTE, $3,494,500) - These activities consist of
managing the Source Reduction Review Project which seeks to integrate pollution
prevention options into key air, water, and solid waste srulemakings . EPA will
also engage in outreach activities which encourage use of information as a means
of promoting voluntary pollution prevention by industry where pollution
prevention may offer cost-saving incentives. Support for the Pollution Prevention
Information Clearinghouse and other information sources will continue. The
Environmentally Preferable Products Initiative will help Federal agencies
identify and procure environmentally benign products .
Community Programs (11.4 FTE, $5,985,100) - Using existing resources, SPA
will conduct a Voluntary Industrial Toxics Reduction program that will encourage
reductions in the production, emission and use of toxic chemicals, building on
the success of the 33/50 Program. The 33/50 Program has been notably effective
in achieving rapid environmental improvements through voluntary efforts outside
the traditional regulatory framework. The 33/50 Program has been cited by private
industry as a model example of government ' s role in environmental protection
programs. This enthusiasm has resulted in a voluntary reductions program for
1997 that maintains the concept of the original 33/50 Program, using that program
as its model. A second Community Program, Environmental Justice, will continue
to provide grants to minority low-income communities to help these communities
•solve local environmental problems.
Design for the Environment's (DfE) Institutional Program (4.7 FTE,
$393,200) - This program will aim to change aspects of general business practices
to remove barriers to behavioral change and to-, provide incentives for undertaking
environmental design and pollution prevention efforts . Specific initiatives of
the Institutional component involve working with academia to develop curricula
in multiple disciplines which will incorporate pollution prevention, life cycle
analyses, and core DfE principles. Other initiatives include incorporating
pollution prevention into the certification program curriculum of the American
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Institute of Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriters {AICPCU} , pollution
prevention counseling to small and medium sized firms/ and encouraging university
research into alternative methods for producing chemicals which minimize or
eliminate hazardous substances.
Regions' Pollution Prevention Demonstration Projects (19,8 FTE, $3,407,500)
This program will support environmental education, pollution prevention
demonstration projects, technical assistance to small business, assistance to
state and local governments, and promotion of pollution prevention through
existing regulatory programs. The projects involve combating releases in various
environmental media, and promoting prevention approaches in energy, agriculture,
the Federal sector and the consumer sector,
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +0.5 FTE
Pollution Prevention Partnership - EPA has found that companies lack
information and methods to assess and the expertise to identify and capitalize
on pollution prevention opportunities. EPA has developed a Pollution Prevention
Assessment Framework to support the evaluation of risks of chemicals and to
identify safer substitutes. EPA and a major manufacturing company formed a
successful Pollution Prevention Partnership Pilot using EPA's Pollution
Prevention Assessment Framework. The Pilot resulted in the company substituting
safer chemicals in the manufacturing process thereby lower costs and liability
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , This investment proposes
to broaden the experiment and develop Pollution Prevention Partnerships through
the Regions and States with companies . "Use of the Framework" will result in
significant pollution prevention and reductions in the use and release of toxic
chemicals into the environment as shown by the pilot. (+ $798,400)
Community Environmental Programs , the Environmental Justice Program - This
program will increase its grants to community and state groups by $2,016,800 to
restore the program to 1995 levels .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $11,560,600 and 62.9 total workyears for
the Pollution Prevention Leadership program component. Major activities within
this program component are:
Pollution Prevention Program incorporates prevention principles into the
mainstream work of the Agency and the Federal government . The program helps
build a strong network of pollution prevention programs among businesses,
states, local governments, and communities.
Community Program activities will see the Agency will fund a broad array
of innovative Environmental Justice projects, including grants to support
community groups and organizations in bringing pollution prevention approaches
to bear on environmental problems faced by low income and minority communities .
Regional Pollution Prevention Demonstration Projects support innovative
approaches to pollution prevention, including education, outreach, and technical
assistance. The Regions encourage the practice of pollution prevention through
public awareness activities and provide advice and assistance to business, state
and local governments .
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PHDTECTIOH AGENCY
ST 98 PRESIDENT* S BUDGET
ENVXROHMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
HPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
saw COMPONENT
V WATER
DHZNKIUG WATER
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FIBS
WQ CRITERIA, STANDARDS £ APPLICATIONS
TOTAL DOLLARS
ETBS
EFmWSNT GUIDELINES
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
COASTAL 6 MARINE PROGRAMS
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
WETLANDS PROGRAM
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
ASSESSMENT & NONFOINT SOURCE PROGRAM
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTBS
FT 1996
OP PLAN
43,313.3
238.7
21,641.7
247. B
18,401.2
119.8
22,058.0
73.6
43,725.9
148.7
17,042.9
146.4
43,795.5
337.8
WATER QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING
TOTAL DOLLARS 29,564.6
RES 206.8
WASTEHATER MANAGEMENT & PEBMITTING
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
AHERICAU IHDIAH EHVIROMENTAL MANAGEM2
TOTAL DOLLARS
ETBS
GREAT WATER BODIES
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
H&TIOHAL WATER PROGRAM MfiHAGEHZOT
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
REGIONAL WQKOm CAPITAL FOND
TOTAL DOLLARS
FEES
JVIROHMENTAL PROGRAMS AHD MaNAGEMBHT
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
32,994.8
375.0
NT
3,683.8
29.9
40,375.6
75.1
5,948.5
50.4
0.0
0.0
322,545.8
2,050.0
FT 1997
PRBS. BUD.
40,589.6
256.3
22,448.1
225.0
22,009.2
117.4
23,338.0
85.5
38,297.0
141.7
15, 463. B
153.6
36,777.4
306.9
26,704.2
212.3
47,205.7
401.4
3,679.9
41.3
38,207.3
76.8
5,764.1
50.3
3,131.0
0.0
323,815.3
2,068.5
P!f 1997
ERACTED
62,940.6
310.5
24,677.8
230.0
19,909.1
116.0
22,610.0
84.3
36,244.3
140.4
18,519.1
151.3
47,169.2
301.6
31,547.0
209.2
33,769.1
394.3
4,264.3
40.6
36,982.2
75.7
5,363.7
49.5
3,419.2
0.0
347,415.6
2,103.4
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
73,869.9
369.7
23,359.8
234.2
20,292.2
114 . 9
25,707.4
81.0
36,225.9
129.6
15,153.1
153 . 7
45,944.3
319 . 9
24,513.6
199.8
42,315.5
394.8
4,207.3
44.3
37,301.7
76.8
5,616.4
49.8
3,419.2
0.0
357,926.3
2,168.5
DIFFERENCE
98-97
10,929.3
59.2
-1,318.0
4.2
383.1
-1.1
3,097.4
-3.3
-18.4
-10.8
-3,366.0
2.4
-1,224.9
18.3
-7,033.4
-9.4
8,546.4
0.5
-57.0
3.7
319.5
1.1
252.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
10,510.7
65.1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS AND MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF WATER
The Agency requests a total of $357,926,300 and 2,168.5 total workyears for
1998 in the Environmental Programs and Management Account for Office of
Water (OW)
DRINKING WATER
The Agency requests a total of $98,007,400 and $03,9 total workyears in
1998 for Drinking Water activities within the Environmental Programs and
Management Appropriation Account. These resources support the Agency goal to
ensure that every American public water system will provide water that is
consistently safe to drink. Resources also support the Agency goal of empowering
people with information and expanding their right to know.
This request reflects the resources necessary to implement the drinking
water public health programs authorized in the Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act(SDWA), enacted .in August 1996. -These Amendments chart a new course
for drinking water protection and improve the ability of states, water suppliers,
and EPA to prepare for future drinking water safety challenges and assure
sustained availability of safe drinking water. The Amendments center around four
major areas of change: 1) improving the way that EPA sets drinking water safety
standards and develops regulations that are based on good science and data,
prioritization of effort, sound risk assessment, and effective risk management;
2) establishing new prevention approaches, including provisions for operator
certification, capacity development, and source water protection; 3) providing
better information to consumers, including consumer con.fidence/"right-to-know"
reports; and, 4) expanding funding for states and communities through a Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) . In addition, the 1996 SDWA Amendments
increase the states' flexibility to focus oil public .health-based priorities and
make better use of resources; recognize the problems facing small systems and
establishes appropriate cost-effective approaches for such systems; and emphasize
the role of stakeholders and partnerships as a key aspect of an effective
national drinking water program.
The Drinking Water Program's highest priority, which was reinforced and
enhanced in the new statute, is protecting human health from microbiological
contaminants and disinfectant/disinfection byproducts (M-DBP). Although the
development of safety standards and regulations for these contaminants is a long-
term endeavor of the Agency, several 1998 activities are planned. Resources will
be targeted to work with states, water systems (especially small systems), and
equipment suppliers to expand technology choices for treating drinking water and
preventing microbial contamination. Resources will also assist systems of all
sizes in the implementation of the composite correction program to improve
filtration performance. The Agency will continue to work with the 300 large
systems implementing the information collection rule to collect and analyze
occurrence and treatment data. This information is crucial for the Agency's work
on the microbiological contaminants and disinfectant/disinfection byproducts CM-
OS?) rule cluster.
The 1996 Amendments also establish new requirements for certain high
priority chemical contaminants, especially arsenic, radon, and sulfate, and new
scientific and data standards for drinking water rulemakings. Health
assessments, risk characterizations, and regulatory support documents are now
integral components of the standard setting/rule development process. They also
provide the foundation on which to conduct cost/benefit analysis and other
regulatory tools, another new provision of the 1996 SDWA .Amendments.
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The 1996 Amendments have also reinvigorated the Federal/state/local
government partnership in ensuring that safe drinking water is supplied to all
Americans, The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program assists
public water systems in financing the cost of drinking water infrastructure to
achieve or maintain compliance with SDWA requirements. In addition, explicit
attention will be given to water systems, including small systems, to strengthen
their technical, financial, and managerial capacity to meet the requirements set
forth in drinking water regulations. The new statute also empowers EPA to
publish national certification guidelines for the state certification programs
applicable to operators of public water systems. EPA will provide guidance and
technical assistance to the states on both the capacity development and operator
certification programs in 1998.
Consumer awareness activities will be greatly expanded in 1998. The 1996
Amendments direct the Agency to promulgate regulations for an annual right-to-
know program for the customers of all public water systems. EPA will be working
with the states to ensure that systems begin or continue issuing consumer
confidence reports.
The 1996 Amendments strengthen the Agency's initiatives on source water
protection and its focus on preventing contamination of the sources of our
nation's drinking water. EPA will be working with the states to assist them in
conducting required source water assessments that help determine the
vulnerability of each state's sources of drinking water to contamination. The
source water protection program also emphasizes community-based environmental
protection. The Agency will expand its efforts with the 60,000 community public
water systems to implement source water protection programs.
In 1998, the final rule for Class V underground injection wells will be
promulgated. This rule is directed to those states with primary enforcement
authority (primacy) for the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program and by
EPA in those states without primacy or with partial primacy. The Class V rule
applies to the 120,000 shallow, industrial injection wells that exist nationwide.
Through its multi-partner effort, EPA will work with local government managers
of source water protection programs to incorporate both the implementation of
the Class V rule as well as management of other Class V wells, especially storm
water and agricultural drainage wells, into their ongoing activities. In
addition, the Agency will continue its ongoing responsibilities to regulate and
manage Class I, II, and III underground injection wells and to work with primacy
states in assuring full implementation of the UIC program.
WATER QUALITY
The Agency requests a total of $255,711,600 and 1,520.3 total workyears in
1998 for Water Quality activities within the Environmental Programs and
Management Appropriation Account. This request includes a total of $5,616,400
and 49.8 total workyears for National Water Program Management that supports all
Office of Water activities. This overall request supports the Agency goal of
achieving clean waters through a variety of efforts aimed at ecological and
public health protection.
EPA's Water Quality Program will strengthen the Agency's ability to protect
the environment and public health by providing improved information, tools, and
resources to the public and to our partners in environmental protection --
principally the states and Indian tribes. In 1998, the Agency will continue its
long-standing focus on common sense, place-based approaches that build on the
basic water programs; in particular, we will continue to revise existing water
quality criteria, assist stakeholders in incorporating a risk-based approach,
investigate environmental problems like endocrine disrupters and air deposition,
and provide increased support for tribal water quality programs.
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This request funds innovative and far-reaching efforts to empower
stakeholders with the fiscal and technical resources and vital information they
need to achieve national water quality protection and restoration goals.
Investments in the recently-initiated Surf-Your-Watershed Internet application
and the National Watershed Assessment Project will build on our information-
gathering and dissemination successes. We will also focus on providing the
general public with important information concerning the risks to human health
associated with contamination of waters at beaches.
The Agency will strengthen Community-Based Environmental Protection (CBEP)
efforts through targeted geographic initiatives and development of the tools our
partners need to make informed, effective decisions. EPA will support
development and implementation of national coastal strategies and transfer
lessons learned from established National Estuary Programs. The Chesapeake Bay
Program will expand its base of partners to meet ambitious goals that include
reducing nutrients entering the Bay by 40% by the year 2000. The Gulf of Mexico
Program, through its broad network of partners, will address critical issues in
the Gulf ecosystem like hypoxia, shellfish contamination, and habitat loss.
EPA's Great Lakes Program will lead Federal, state, tribal, local, and industry
efforts for Great Lakes protection and restoration. Principal activities
include: monitoring Lake ecosystem indicators for the purpose of managing
reductions of Great Lakes pollutants; providing modeling results from the multi-
media .Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study; managing and providing public access to
Great Lakes data; helping communities address contaminated sediments in their
harbors; supporting local protection and restoration of important habitats;
promoting pollution prevention through the Binational Virtual Elimination
Strategy; implementing a new Great Lakes non-indigenous species program; and
providing assistance for reduction of critical pollutants through community-based
Remedial Action Plans for Areas of Concern and Lakewide Management Plans.
In response to court settlements and to satisfy the national need for
better tools, we will significantly increase direct support to our state partners
to expand and accelerate the development and use of Total Maximum Daily Loads
(TMDLs) in their water quality management programs. The Agency will also
increase its efforts to bolster nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control and
prevention programs, including acceleration of state program upgrades and
efforts to encourage voluntary adoption and implementation of NPS control
measures.
Continuing EPA's success in demonstrating that economic renewal And
environmental protection go hand in hand, the Agency will participate in an urban
revitalization initiative to address cities' special environmental needs. As
part of a multi-media effort, the Water Quality Program will apply lessons
learned in developing effluent limitation guidelines and wet weather flow
controls by establishing partnerships and creating tools for protecting and
restoring polluted waterways that hold vast potential for economic development.
EPA continues to manage the fiscal integrity of several financing programs
devoted to improving the nation's water infrastructure, among them the Clean
Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) , the new Drinking Water SRF, arid grants to needy
communities. These programs foster the strong community-based partnerships with
states, Indian tribes, local communities, other Federal agencies and the
international community which are integral to implementation of the National
Water Program and its goals.
AMERICAN INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICE
The Agency requests a total of $4,207,300 and 44.3 workyears in 1998 for
the American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) within the Environmental Programs
and Management Appropriation Account.
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One of EPA's highest priorities is to improve public health and
environmental conditions in Indian Country- To accomplish this objective, • AIEO
is assisting over 500 tribal governments as they work to identify and address
areas of greatest risk and priority in Indian Country. The AIEO wi'll continue
to assist tribes in addressing multi-media environmental issues through the
following activities: developing Tribal/EPA Environmental Agreements (TEAs) to
assess environmental conditions and identify long and short-term priorities for
environmental management on tribal lands; providing outreach, training and
education to better assist tribes as they develop their own environmental
assessment and management capabilities; and modifying tools for assessing the
status and trends of environmental conditions in Indian Country.
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OFFICE OF WATER
D&TA OUTPUT CHART
ISM
Drinking Hater and Source Hater
o Guidance for state capacity development and operator certification
programs will be issued
o Promulgate revised regulations on states' primary enforcement
authority for the Drinking Water Program; rule for Class v
underground, shallow, industrial injection wells; and, rule for
consumer confidence reports,
o Publish drinking water contaminant candidate list
o 195 drinking water health advisories will be issued
Mater Quality Criteria
o 5 aquatic life and 3 sediment water quality criteria will be proposed
Coastal & Marine Programs
o In the National Estuary Program, 5 Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plans (CCMPs) will be drafted and 4 CCMPs will be finalized.
o 300 ocean dumping permits will be reviewed and 3 ocean dumping sites will
receive designations/monitoring plans
o 2 secondary treatment waiver determinations will be made in the Ocean
Discharge Program-
Water Quality Infrastructure and Financing
o Complete 216 of the remaining 435 pre-1992 construction grants closeouts
o Award 4 Special Needs grants, 51 title VI grants, and 25 Indian awards
o Initiate construction of long-term facilities for Nogales and Mexicali
O- Initiate construction- of three high priority lower Rio Grande facilities
o 8 High quality BECC certified projects ready for construction
o Operate 51 CW-SRF programs valued at $23 billion.
o Bring on-line the DW-SRF Information System
o Conduct 51 annual grant reviews of the CW-SRF programs
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Wastewater Management and Technology
o 70 Municipal and nonmunicipal major permits and 16 general permits issued
by EPA
o Final Watershed Policy - Urban Wet Weather
o Form C (Industrial Permitting) - proposed
o 45 NPDES state approvals and general permit state programs (reflects
authorization of Texas and Massachusetts)
o State Biosolids Program Rule - final
o Cost accounting/budgeting guidance for Privately Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) will be issued
o Guidance for choosing contract laboratories will be issued
o POTW information management guidance will be issued
o Waste hauler guidance will be issued
Chesapeake Bay
o A total of 582 miles of habitat will be reopened through fish passage
Great Lakes
o Conduct and report annual monitoring (nutrients, toxics, and biota) in 5
lakes in partnership with other Federal, state and Canadian agencies.
Report results of Lake Michigan Mass Balance (LMMB) modeling scenarios to
stakeholders and public- Operate binational Great Lakes Air Deposition
Network; complete analyses and issue data reports.
o Expand Great Lakes environmental monitoring database to projects beyond
the LMMB (sediments, fish data, and the Regional Air Pollutant Inventory
Development System) to enhance public access to Great Lakes environmental
information.
o 3 projects to begin BNS implementation; Community-based projects and
actions will target state & local governments and non-governmental
organizations to help achieve reductions of toxic substances.
o Sediment assessment and characterization in 3 new Areas of Concern (AOCs) ,
bringing total to 24 (out of a possible 31) . Begin removing contaminated
sediments through demonstrations at 2 AOC sites.
o 8 new habitat restoration projects with ecological impacts on 5,000 acres.
l Ecological Protection/Restoration workshop and report.
o Begin projects addressing non-indigenous species.
o Policy development/coordination for 4 Lakewide plans. Submission and/or
preparation of a report to Congress on the Great Lakes ecosystem,
reflecting major trends and program accomplishments.
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Gulf of Mexico
o Initiate shellfish' recovery efforts in .5 critical Gulf areas
o Complete Gulf hypoxia strategic assessment
o Initiate strategic watershed programs
o Provide technical assistance and information management support to the 7
Gulf-based National Estuary Programs (NEPs)
o Provide Internet-based education and outreach programs to all Gulf Coast
counties and parishes
o Implement remaining priority shellfish growing water restoration
initiatives
o Implement 4 critical nutrient reduction projects in Gulf states
1917
Drinking Water and Source Water
o Conduct Drinking Water Needs Survey
o Complete Drinking Water SRF guidance
o Issue 1998 DW-SRF state allocation formula
o Complete guidance on the source water assessment and source water
petition programs
o Propose regulation on consumer confidence reports
o Issue compliance technology list for surface water treatment rule
o 185 drinking water health advisories will be issued
Water Quality Criteria
o 5 aquatic life and 4 sediment water quality criteria will be proposed
Coastal & Marine Programs
o In the National Estuary Program, 4 Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plans (CCMPs) will be drafted and 2 CCMPs will be finalized.
o 300 ocean dumping permits will be reviewed and 2 ocean dumping sites will
receive designations/monitoring plans
o 2 secondary treatment waiver determinations will be made in the Ocean
Discharge Program
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Water Quality Infrastructure and Financing
o Complete 283 of the 718 remaining pre-1992 construction grants closeouts
o Award 19 Special Needs grants, 51 title VI grants, and 25 Indian awards
o Initiate operations for International Treatment Plant in San Diego
o Complete interim construction improvements at Mexicali
o Initiate interim construction improvements at Nogales
o Operate 51 CW-SRF programs valued at $21 billion dollars
o Bring on-line the CW-SRF Information System
o Publish the CW-SRF Funding Framework
o Conduct 51 annual grant reviews of the CW-SRF programs
o Complete 1996 Clean Water Needs Survey Report
Wastewater Management and Technology
o 300 Municipal and nonmunicipal major permits and 27 general permits issued
by EPA
o Storm Water Phase II regulation to be proposed
o Final Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) monitoring modeling guidance
o Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Implementation Strategy guidance will be
issued
o Draft Watershed Policy - Orban Wet Weather
o 43 NPDES state approvals and general permit state programs
o Form 2A (municipal application form) - final
o NPDES II Streamlining rule - final
Chesapeake Bay
o 20 miles of spawning ground will be opened
o " Establishment of tributary basin nutrient reduction goals for the
James, York, and Rappahannock Rivers.
Great Lakes
o Conduct annual monitoring (nutrients, toxics, and biota) in 5 Lakes.
Binational reporting on environmental indicators through State of the
Lakes Ecosystem Conference. Publish interpretive reports for LMMB. Operate
3 Great Lakes International Air Deposition Network (IADN) master stations
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and report monitoring results. Conduct professional review of IM3N and
implement modifications.
o Provide LMMB data system for state, Federal, and public use. Pilot user-
defined access to Great Lakes environmental information via the Internet.
o Finalize the 1997 Canada-U.S, Strategy for the virtual elimination of
persistent toxic substances in the Great Lakes Basin (BNS). 5 BNS
projects to demonstrate reduction of persistent bioaccumulative toxic
chemicals. 4 new community-based projects targeting state and local
governments and non-governmental organizations.
o Sediment assessment and characterization in 3 new M)Cs, bringing total to
21 (out of a possible 31). 4 technical reports and studies supporting
remediation. Planning phase for 3 sediment cleanup demonstrations.
o 10 new habitat restoration projects with ecological impacts on 6,000
acres. 1 Ecological Protection/Restoration workshop and report.
o Policy development/coordination for 4 Lakewide plans. Issue biennial
report to IJC. Oversee US Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements
commitments. Develop annual Report to Congress.
Gulf of Mexico
o Complete data summary report of key environmental indicators to track
nutrient reduction efforts that address Gulf Coast Hypoxia issues
o Initiate technical transfer programs to address emerging foreign pathogen
issues
o Initiate strategic assessments for nutrient management (hypoxia), critical
habitat recovery, and non-indigenous species management.
o Organize broad, regional, community focus teams to assist in the
development of Program Performance Plans for nutrient management
(hypoxia), critical habitat recovery, and non-indigenous species
management.
o Complete shellfish growing water recovery plan for the Barrataria Bay
recovery effort
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DRINKING WATER
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $73,869,900 and 359.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Drinking Water program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
This request reflects the resources necessary to implement the drinking
water public health programs authorized in the Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act(SDWA), enacted in August 1995. These Amendments chart a new course
for drinking water protection and improve the ability of states, water suppliers,
and EPA to prepare for future drinking water safety challenges and assure the
sustainable availability of safe drinking water. The Amendments center around
four major areas of change: 1) improving the way that EPA sets drinking water
safety standards and develops regulations that are based on good science and
data, prioritization of effort, sound risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis and
effective risk management; 2) establishing new prevention approaches, including
provisions for operator certification, capacity development, and source water
protection; 3) providing better information to consumers, including consumer
confidence/"right-to-know" reports; and, 4) expanding funding for states and
communities through a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) . In addition,
the 1996 SDWA Amendments increase the states' flexibility to focus on public
health-based priorities and make better use of resources; recognize the problems
facing small systems and establish appropriate cost-effective approaches for such
systems; and emphasize the role of stakeholders and partnerships as a key aspect
of an effective national drinking water program. The Amendments set ambitious
deadlines for activities critical to the effective implementation of this new
statute. This request reflects the Agency's estimate of resources to both meet
the statutory schedules and to continue an appropriate level of investment in
ongoing efforts to maintain a comprehensive approach for ensuring safe drinking
water .supplies.
Drinking Water Safety Standards - One of EPA's major responsibilities is
the development of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) that
ensure the safety of drinking water. These regulations require that contaminants
-- microbial, organic and inorganic chemicals, and radionuclides -- in finished
drinking water do not exceed a level that is determined to be protective of
public health. The 1996 SDWA Amendments change the direction of EPA's standard-
setting/regulatory development efforts from the "25 contaminants every three (3)
years" approach established under the 1986 SDWA Amendments to consider whether
to regulate five (5) contaminants every five (5) years. This will allow the
Agency to focus on high-risk contaminants, particularly microbials. The 1996
Amendments establish new requirements for selecting the contaminants .to regulate
and also create new requirements for regulatory analyses, including cost-benefit
and sensitive subpopulations. •
Regulation of microbiological contaminants (e.g., bacteria, protozoa,
viruses) , especially cryptospori'diim, and disinfectant/disinfection byproducts
are judged by EPA and its stakeholders to offer the greatest risk reduction
potential relative to other drinking water rules under development. Between
1986-1994 over 400,000 cases of gastrointestinal disease have been attributed to
cryptosporidiura. To address these contaminants, the Agency is developing the
Microbial/Disinfection By-products (M-DBP) rule cluster. The M-DBP rule cluster
is a multi-year, multi-faceted undertaking that encompasses six major rulemakings
(each with a new statutory deadline) and addresses health risk assessment, cost,
treatment technologies, and risk analysis. Research essential to support these
rules involves more than 120 Agency projects and more" than 100 "outside"
projects. There is a joint EPA/industry research planning and management effort
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to ensure the research stays on track, avoids redundancy, promotes efficient
expenditure of public and private funds and coordinates results with regulatory
and guidance needs.
EPA is also implementing through the Information Collection Rule a multi-
year, nationwide collection and analysis of data on contaminant occurrence and
treatment effectiveness. This will be supplemented by targeted surveys to
provide' quality assurance for the national data and to verify its applicability
to small systems and all geographic areas. The Information Collection Rule, one
of the rules within the M-DBP cluster, was promulgated in May 1996 and requires
about 300 large public water systems to collect occurrence and treatment data, on
disinfectants, disinfection by-products, and microorganisms. The 1998 request
includes resources to assist these systems in the collection and analysis of the
technical data used in the development of the M-DBP rule cluster. Accompanying
staff resources for the implementation of the Information Collection Rule are
included in the Agency's 1998 budget request for the Science and Technology
Account.
To reduce the risk from cryptospori.di.wn and other microbial contaminants,
the Agency will continue to provide leadership in 1998 for the implementation of
the Composite Correction Program (CCP), which assists large, medium, and small
systems in improving filtration performance. The principles and practices of CCP
have become the foundation of the Partnership for Safe Water --a partnership
between EPA and industry --to promote the voluntary improvement in filter plant
performance and reduce the risk of drinking water contamination by microbials,
such as cryptosporidium.
The Agency's 1998 request to support all activities related to the M-DBP
rule cluster is $13,090,800 and 41.0 total workyears. Program and policy issues
will be discussed and negotiated with stakeholders through the continuation of
public meetings that EPA has been holding since 1995.
The 1996 Amendments also establish new deadlines for certain high priority
chemical contaminants, i.e., arsenic, radon, sulfate, and new scientific and data
standards for drinking water rulemakings, as well as higher procedural, public
involvement and documentation requirements. The Agency's efforts on arsenic must
reflect information on new endpoints and new cancer guidelines. For sulfate,
EPA, working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is to
conduct a study on dose-response relationships. The National Academy of Sciences
(NAS) and EPA will be conducting collaborative health/risk efforts on radon. EPA
will expand, to the extent practicable, risk characterizations to document the
population being addressed. The 1996 Amendments require that risks to sensitive
subpopulations, (e.g. infants/children, pregnant women, the elderly and
individuals with a history of serious illness) must be characteri2ed with upper
and lower bound estimates specified in the statute. The Agency is requesting
$11,173,200 for these activities and 32.6 total workyears that both reinforce the
foundation for sound science and adequate data and address challenges facing
future drinking water protection,
The Agency will also develop methods for estimating quantitative and
qualitative health risk reduction benefits; quantitative methods for non-
carcinogens will be established while methods for carcinogens will be revised-
These health assessments and characterization activities are crucial components
of the cost/benefit considerations of the Federal drinking water regulatory
program. The 1996 Amendments require that the EPA Administrator publish a
determination as to whether the benefits of the maximum contaminant level(MCL)
justify, or do not justify, the costs associated with each proposed NPDWR. The
1998 request includes $5,368,600 and 13.0 total workyears to develop
cost/benefit analyses and other related tools for all regulations being
developed.
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These health assessments/risk characterizations also serve as important
elements in 'EPA''s contaminant selection process that was revised through the 1996
statute. The Agency is directed to issue the next Drinking Water Priorities List
(DWPL) in February 1998 (and every five years thereafter). This list provides
the basis for decisions on future standards or health advisories. Occurrence and
other data are crucial to the selection of high risk contaminants/ so EPA will
continue to focus on improving data quality while aiming for less onerous
monitoring, while enhancing methodologies to analyze and interpret data. In
developing the DWPL, EPA will consult with the Science Advisory Board on
emerging, high risk contaminants highlighted in its Futures-^Rep_or_t, and use the
Agency's Integrated Risk .Information System (IRIS) for health and risk
information. EPA is also required to issue regulations for unregulated
contaminant monitoring and publish a National Drinking Water Contaminant
Occurrence Database for regulated and unregulated contaminants by August 1999.
The 1998 budget requests $4,597,500 and 12.0 total workyears to meet these new
statutory requirements.
In 1998, EPA will work with states, water systems, and equipment suppliers
to expand technology choices for treating drinking water and protecting against
microbial contamination. This work will involve assessing technology cost and
performance and developing technology transfer materials to enhance understanding
of new technologies. Furthermore, since almost 90 percent of community water
systems are small systems (serving 3,300 individuals or less), special attention
will be paid to appropriate technologies for these utilities. The 1996 SDWA
amendments direct EPA to make technology assessments for three categories of
small public water systems. EPA must perform these technology assessments for
all of the regulated contaminants, and by August 1998 must issue a list of
technologies that can achieve compliance with existing NPDWRs. When these
technologies cannot be identified, the Agency must issue for existing NPDWRs,
except for microbial contaminants, a list of variance technologies, affordable
for small systems, that maximize contaminant reduction and protect public health.
The 1998 budget includes $3,398,500 and 9.0 total workyears to support these
activities.
New Prevention Approaches - Provisions in the 1996 Amendments focus
explicitly on the technical, financial, and managerial capacity of water systems,
including small systems, to meet NPDWRs. The Amendments provide states with a
number of new or improved tools for helping small systems, especially systems
that cannot afford to comply through conventional approaches. To utilize these
tools, states are required to establish affordability criteria and EPA is
directed to publish information to assist states in establishing these criteria.
The statute provides states with great latitude and flexibility to design and
implement programs in this area tailored to their unique circumstances. In 1998
EPA will be working collaboratively with states as they develop capacity
programs.
In 1998, an investment in small systems activities to ensure they meet the
drinking water standards will be targeted to two primary areas -- capacity
development and operator certification. EPA will continue efforts with those
states establishing capacity development programs for small water systems. This
work involves providing expert support to states to assist them in assessing
their existing programmatic authorities and approaches to small water systems as
well as evaluating alternative approaches to building enhanced technical,
financial, and managerial, capacity in small systems. Many small water systems
are recognizing the need to restructure their management and/or operations to
enable them to comply with regulatory requirements and provide quality service
at an affordable cost. This work would involve assessing specific approaches to
restructuring which have proven effective and developing practical guidance to
assist systems in undertaking restructuring. In addition, the determinations
states are required to make regarding restructuring and water supply alternatives
to approve affordability variances will need to rely extensively on the data and
analyses generated by state capacity development programs.
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Under the 1996 SDWA Amendments, EPA has a new, non-discretionary duty to
establish a partnership with states, water systems, and the public to develop
information on recommended operator certification requirements. EPA is required
to develop and issue guidelines by February 1999 on minimum standards for state
operator certification programs, including obtaining and incorporating public
comment, and communicating the requirements of the guidelines to the states,
water systems, and the public. The Agency is requesting $4,745,600 and 31.0
total workyears in the 1998 budget for both capacity development and operator
certification efforts.
Better Information to Consumers - In 1998, EPA is required, through a
provision in the 1996 SDWA Amendments to promulgate a regulation on the issuance
of annual "right-to-know" reports to all customers of public water systems,
These consumer confidence reports must contain information on the source of a
water system's supply, the level of detected contaminants, information on the
health effects of contaminants found above the standard, and information on
unregulated contaminants. The 1998 resource request of $2,374,600 and 14.0 total
workyears includes funds for both the rule-making activities as well as technical
assistance to help public water systems, especially small systems, to meet the
new requirements. Furthermore, the request strengthens the resource base of the
current EPA safe drinking water hotline. Under the 1996 Amendments, EPA is
required to have a hotline for consumers to provide more information on drinking
water contaminants and potential health effects. EPA expects to handle
considerably more questions from the public as millions of consumers across the
country begin receiving annual reports. New, credible, and easy-to-understand
information is needed to support the hotline's new role.
Information Systems - EPA will continue to install the safe drinking water
information system (SDWIS) in the states and provide hands-on training to state
and Regional staff. EPA will emphasize the importance of quality assurance and
quality control of data in SDWIS as this data provides the basis for assessing
how drinking water protection efforts are meeting national goals for public
health and environmental protection. The 1998 budget request includes $7,416,000
and 46.0 total workyears to support these activities.
State Primacy - The SDWA Amendments of 1996 also revised some of the
existing requirements that states must follow in order to obtain and maintain
primary enforcement responsibility, or primacy, for the Public Water Systems
Supervision (PWSS) program. Every state and other jurisdictions, except Wyoming
and the District of Columbia, have been granted primacy for this program. The
regulation on primacy will have to be revised to reflect new provisions on
administrative penalty authority, adoption of new federal drinking water
regulations by the states, and primacy approval for new regulations. The Agency
expects to have these regulatory revisions in place during 1998 and will be
working closely with the states on legislative changes that the states might need
to make to comply with these new requirements.
Rural Water Assistance - The drinking water program will continue its
partnership with rural water organizations to deliver assistance to some 175,000
community public water systems, regulated under SDWA, in rural areas. The Agency
request for 1998 includes $4,584,000 that support activities providing technical
assistance to system owners, operators, and community leaders on such topics as
system management, financing, rate setting, and regulatory compliance.
Drinking Hater State Revolving Fund - The SDWA Amendments also established
an important new financing mechanism <-- the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(DW-SRF) -- to help states in their efforts to. provide safe and reliable drinking
water. In 1998, EPA expects that all states will be eligible to receive DW-SRF
resources and Agency staff will continue its extensive technical assistance and
outreach efforts with the states in adhering to the guidance on the DW-SRF. In
addition, EPA is required, under the 1996 Amendments, to develop a new "Drinking
Water Needs Survey" every four years that will serve as the basis for the DW-
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SRF's allotment formula to the states/Indian tribes/Alaska Native Villages. This
activity will require significant outreach and public comment. EPA plans to
closely coordinate implementation of the DW-SRF with the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) to achieve efficiencies and minimize duplicative effort
for both EPA and the states. The 1998 budget includes $€,265,500 and 48.0 total
workyears for these activities. The 1998 resources for the DW-SRF itself are
part of the request for the Agency's State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG)
Account.
EXPLANATION OF CH&NSBr +59.2 FTE •fS10f929.3K
The Agency requests a net increase of 59.2 workyears and $10,929,300 from
1997. Resources were increased by 59,2 workyears and $17,336,300 for the
programs and activities required by the 1996 SDWA Amendments, specifically, +3.7
workyears and $2,110,300 for the M-DBP rule cluster; +10.7 workyears and
$3,628,300 for high priority chemical contaminants and their improved and
expanded science and data activities; +2.2 workyears and $1,137,700 for cost-
benefit analysis and other regulatory tools; +1.5 workyears and +$1,196,500 for
contaminant selection process, monitoring unregulated contaminants, and the
contaminant occurrence database; +2.7 workyears and +$697,400 for treatment
technologies; +27.0 and +$3,939,000 for the DWSRF and needs survey; +7.0
workyears and +$2,060,100 for public water systems' capacity development and
operator certification programs; +1.9 workyears and +$641,800 for consumer
awareness /right-to-know activities,- +2.5 workyears and +$172,300 for increased.
regional support activities; and, +$1,752,900 for increased personnel costs. A
reduction of $6,407,000 is the result of disinvestments in 1997 appropriated
earmarks that represent one-time projects or projects of a local rather than
national concern.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $62,940,600 and 310.5 workyears for the
drinking water program component. The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) not only set forth over 70 new provisions to ensure safe drinking
water to the 240 million Americans served by public water systems, but also
dramatically changed the approach of Federal level "top down" activities to a
more participatory and inclusive role for all major stakeholders in the drinking
water arena. Consequently, a majority of EPA's efforts supported by 1997
resources to implement 1996 SDWA Amendments involve consultation and outreach
activities that are an integral step in the development of drinking water safety
standards, regulations, and program guidances.
Drinking Water Safety Standards - Through the 1996 SDWA Amendments,
Congress revised the requirements and deadlines to promulgate NPDWRs for a number
of chemical contaminants identified in the 1986 Amendments to SDWA. However, new
deadlines for certain high priority contaminants were established. For example,
by February 1997, the Agency must dey.elop a comprehensive research plan to
support near-term regulatory needs for arsenic. With respect to radon, EPA is
directed to arrange with the NAS for a risk assessment and an assessment of
mitigation measures to reduce radon levels in indoor air. These are critical
activities for the Agency to meet the statutory deadline for the proposed NPDWR
on radon by August 1999. EPA and CDC will jointly prepare an outline of a study
that will be conducted by both agencies on dose response relationship for adverse
human health effects from sulfate in consultation with interested states.
The consultative process has been a feature of the development of the
Microbial and Disinfection By-products (M-DBP) cluster of six rules that has been
the drinking water program's highest priority for the past few years. In
November 1996, stakeholder meetings were held on the Agency's" strategy to develop
both the interim enhanced surface water treatment rule and the DBP stage 1 rule
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by the statutory deadline of November 1998. Stakeholders and EPA set an
anticipated date of March 1997 for a first draft of these rules.
The information collection rule, (ICR) , promulgated in May 1996, is one of
the six rules of the M-DBP cluster. During an 18 month period, the information
collection, rule will collect from 500 drinking water plants, serving populations
over 100,000, source water occurrence data on conventional source water
parameters, DBF precursors, cryptosporidium, giardia, bacteria and viruses. It
will also collect unit process schematics from each of these plants as well as
information on DBF in the plants' treatment and distribution systems. Analysis
of this data, in addition to concurrent health effects and technology research,
will be used to develop the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (ESWTR) and
stage 2 of the Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule (D/DBPR). The
Agency's 1997 resources targeted to all activities related to the M-DBP cluster
of rules are $10,980,000 and 37.3 total workyears.
The 1996 Amendments also establish new requirements for regulatory
development, particularly cost-benefit analysis and analytical methods. Again,
the Agency is directed to have extensive stakeholder involvement in the these
regulatory tools. In 1997, a working group on cost-benefit analysis will be
convened to define and build consensus for a new 'analytical blueprint; create new
cost and benefit assessment models; undertake extensive data gathering and
evaluation; build a baseline community profile for the evaluation of regulations,
capacity and affordability issues,- and work with stakeholders to address Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) and Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) related requirements. For analytical methods, existing
stakeholder groups, such as the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring and
the National Environmental Accreditation Committee as well as government
agencies, e.g., U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Institute of Standards
and Technology (HIST) , will assist the Agency in exploring screening methods and
associated data quality objectives, privatization of the performance evaluation
sample program, and continued method modernization. The 1997 estimated resources
that will support these activities are $4,230,900 and 10.8 total workyears.
• Another area of activity will be in developing the health assessments, risk
characterizations, and regulatory support documents for these specific chemical
contaminants. The 1996 Amendments reinforce the Agency's drinking water
redirection, strategy that realigned resources to strengthen the scientific and
data foundations of NPDWRs. For all the activities related to high priority
chemical contaminants, the Agency will target $7,544,900 and 21.9 total
workyears,
New Prevention Approaches - Stakeholder participation is a critical first
step in implementing the provisions on small systems in the SDWA Amendments of
1996. For small systems, a working group has been established to consult with
and advise EPA on the components and design of capacity development approaches
on which guidance to the states must be issued by August 1998. Moreover,
stakeholders will help identify existing and model state programs, legislation,
and program design that can be adapted for use nationwide. EPA is required by
statute to publish information on existing state programs for use by the states
in establishing programs by February 1997. Resources to support these activities
in 1997 are $1,790,800 and 15.0 total workyears.
Drinking water operator competency is critical for the protection of public
health and maintenance of safe and reliable operation of water treatment and
distribution facilities. The 1996 Amendments direct EPA to develop and issue
guidelines on minimum standards for state operator certification programs no
later than February 1999. EPA must consult and establish partnerships with the
states and tribes, water suppliers, other interested organizations and the public
for the preparation of such guidelines. The Agency plans to hold national
meetings in 1997 to scope out partnership duties and to .identify current and new
operator training and certification approaches. A funding level of $894,700 and
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9.0 total workyears in 1997 will support the "start up" for this newly mandated
activity.
Better Information to Consumers - Consumer awareness/right-to-know is
another new statutory requirement in the 1996 SDWA reauthorization. EPA must
issue regulations by August 1998 that establish the requirements for public water
systems to provide annual reports to all customers. These regulations must be
developed in consultation with environmental groups, public interest groups, risk
communication experts, public water systems, the states, and the public,
including sensitive populations. In addition, the Agency will support three
fpcus group meetings to hear directly the experiences and information needs of
consumers in different parts of the country. EPA estimates that $1,732,800 and
12,1 total workyears are necessary to carry out this preliminary work for
effective regulation on consumer confidence reports.
Information Systems - As part of a larger effort to develop reliable
environmental information, States will' be implementing the new Safe Drinking
Water Information System (SDWIS). EPA will devote resources to complete the
development of most of the system's core modules as well as to continue the
installation in, and training of, state and regional staff. EPA will be heavily
involved in assuring that states commit to entering data into the new SDWIS.
Moreover, the Agency will improve the Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
of data used to evaluate the drinking water and ground water environmental
indicators. There are many existing sources of information by which the drinking
water and ground water programs can determine how well they are achieving
environmental results. The Agency will focus significant attention on this
effort to ensure that the drinking water and ground water programs are meeting
critical goals. The 1997 resources for SDWIS efforts are '$6,979,100 and 46.0
total workyears.
State Primacy - The Agency will continue strengthening partnerships with
primacy states in order to ensure safe sources of drinking water for all
Americans. The 1996 Amendments changed some of the requirements that states must
follow in order to maintain primary enforcement authority (primacy) for the PWSS
program. In 1997 EPA will convene an advisory committee and hold meetings to
both review the statutory changes and to recommend specific regulatory changes.
Also, work will begin on a rule-making package.
Rural Water Assistance - The drinking water program will continue its
partnership with rural water organizations to deliver assistance to some 175,000
community public water systems, regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, in
rural areas. The Agency request for 1997 includes $4,584,000 to support
activities providing technical assistance to system owners, operators, and
community leaders on such topics as system management, financing, rate setting,
and regulatory compliance.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund ~ An advisory committee composed of
regional and state drinking water officials assisted the Agency in developing
interim guidance on the Drinking Water1- State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF) that was
issued in early October 1996. Public comment on the DW-SRF interim guidance is
under review by the committee, whose members will have a principal role in
revising and issuing final guidance scheduled for release in March 1997.
Concurrent with this effort is the development and issuance of DW-SRF guidance
documents for the District of Columbia, U.S. territories and Indian tribes, which
also involve advisory committees' attention and action. EPA, with significant
input from stakeholders, will prepare supplementary materials, e.g., a primer and
basic questions and answers, on the DW-SRF guidance. A document on the potential
transfer of funds between the Drinking Water SRF and the Clean Water SRF will
also be undertaken by EPA/advisory committees in 19,97,
While these guidance are under development throughout 1997, EPA will be
reviewing/approving some state DW-SRF programs and making capitalization grants
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in 1997. Some 30 states have been anticipating the authorization of the DW-SRF
and have in place many of the statutorily-required aspects of the program, such
as financial management capabilities, appropriate legal authorities, fiscal audit
and control procedures and maintenance of primacy for the Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS) program. In addition, the Agency will work closely with the
states in the use of eligible set-aside? activities. States may use DW-SRF set
asides for a range of program support activities, including source water
protection, operator training, capacity development, and technical assistance.
The states' "intended use" plans, required by the 1996 Amendments, will serve to
identify state assistance priorities as well as priorities for set-aside funds.
An estimated total of $2,326,500 and 21.0 total workyears will be targeted to the
range of DW-SRF activities in 1997.
Congrregsional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: National Rural Water
Association (NRWA) drinking water activities in the amount of $240,000,
(including base funding, the NRWA drinking water activities total is $4,000,000);
Montana State University Small Water System Initiative in the amount of $500,000;
West Palm Beach, FL Potable Water Reuse Demonstration in the amount of
$5,000,000; and Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP) drinking water
activities in the amount of $667,000.
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION
1996 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $23,359,800 and 234.2 total workyears in
1998 for the Source Water Protection program component.
This request reflects the resources necessary to implement the Amendments
of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) enacted in August 1996. these Amendments
require substantial changes to the national drinking water program for EPA,
states and water utilities, as well as greater protection and information to the
240 million Americans served by public water systems.
A promising, new activity authorized in the 1996 SDWA Amendments is source
water protection, which establishes a strong emphasis on preventing contamination
of the sources of our nation's drinking water. That emphasis transforms the
previous law, with its largely after-the-fact regulatory.focus, into a statute
that recognizes the role of prevention and environmental protection in providing
safe drinking water. This new program requires states to conduct assessments,
coordinated with existing information and programs, to determine the
vulnerability of sources of drinking water to contamination. The states' role
will be central: creating and focusing prevention programs that provide for the
sustainable use of water by our nation's public water systems and their
customers. After the Agency publishes guidance, states must submit a program for
delineating source water areas of public water systems, and for assessing the
susceptibility of such source waters to contamination. States may use a set
aside from 1997 funds of the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) to pay
for these source water assessments. Many states will be able to build on their
existing framework of the wellhead protection program and watershed protection
activities. Assessment programs may also use data from other, related watershed-
type survey activities. Results of the completed source water assessments must
be made available to the public. The source water assessment results will also
provide the information necessary for water systems to seek help from states in
protecting source water, initiating local government efforts, or applying for
monitoring relief.
The 1996 Amendments also linked source water assessments with other
drinking water activities, such as monitoring relief, consumer confidence
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reports, and contaminant occurrence data base, EPA staff will work with states
and stakeholder groups to make sure that source water assessments are
incorporated into these activities.
Source water protection efforts are also focused on community-based,
pollution prevention activities. In 1998, the Agency will expand its efforts in
the implementation of community-based programs to protect the source waters --
both surface and ground -- that supply the drinking water for some 60,000
community public water systems,. Many communities will toe building on and
expanding their existing wellhead protection activities, which address public
water systems whose drinking water supplies are obtained from ground water
resources. The Agency will continue to support a multi-partner effort in
citizen-initiated and lead source water protection efforts. EPA will strengthen
its partnerships with a variety of national organizations, including the National
Association(s) of Counties, Towns and Townships, and the Groundwater Foundation,
to advance public understanding of the need to protect drinking water sources.
To carry out all the requirements of the 1996 SDWA Amendments as well as the
community-based and other activities related to source water protection, the
Agency is requesting $9,717,300 and 86.4 total workyears in the 1998 budget.
.Another crucial component of EPA's leadership role is the Underground
Injection Control(UIC) program. This program has a special emphasis on
eliminating unsafe injection 'practices, including shallow, industrial wells. The
most recent estimate of operable underground injection wells nationwide is over
435,000. UIC activities focus on assistance to reach the Agency's goal of 30,000
communities with source water protection programs toy 2005.
EPA directly implements the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program for
those States and tribes that have not assumed primary enforcement authority
(primacy) . Currently, 11 states and 66 tribes have EPA-administered UIC programs
and six States share primacy with EPA. The Office of Water also receives
resources from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program to
implement UIC requirements.
In 1998, EPA will be developing the final rule for Class V underground
injection wells. The rule, coupled with guidances on implementation and a
variety of technical issues, will assure that high priority Class V wells (i.e.,
shallow wells disposing industrial wastes that pose the highest level of risk for
ground water contamination) are addressed properly and that the threats to human
health and the environment are reduced or eliminated. In addition, the Agency
will continue its ongoing responsibilities to regulate and manage Class I, II,
and III underground injection wells and to work with primacy states in assuring
the full implementation of the UIC program. The Agency's 1998 budget requests
$9,624,600 and 120.0 total workyears for its UIC program responsibilities.
The Agency will continue its efforts in assisting states to develop and
implement Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection (CSGWPP)programs. The 1998
budget request includes $1,147,400 and 16.0 total workyears for CSGWPP
activities. ,;
Partnerships with organizations that focus on activities in rural areas
will also continue in 1998 and $1,714,900 will be targeted to support these
efforts.
EXPLANATION OF CHMTGE; +4.2 FTB -$1,318. OK
The Agency requests a net increase of 4.2 workyears and a decrease of
$1,318,000. Resources were increased by 4.2 workyears and $2,032,000 of which
$1,235,100 is to implement the source water protection program activities
required by the 1996 SDWA Amendments and $796,900 is for increased personnel
costs. A reduction of $3,350,000 is the result of disinvestments in 1997
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appropriated earmarks, many of which are of a regional rather than a national
concern.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $24,677,800 and 230.0 total workyears for
the Source Water Protection program component,. Recognizing the public health
benefits as well as the cost effectiveness of preventing drinking water
contamination problems, Congress established a Source Water Assessment Program
through the 1996 SDWA Amendments. This new program requires states to conduct
assessments, coordinated with existing information and programs, to determine the
vulnerability of sources of drinking water to contamination. The delineation of
source water protection areas and the inventories of sources of contamination are
required state activities, so that communities know the threats to their drinking
water and can develop and implement protection efforts to address the known
threats. States may use a set aside (up to 10 percent of 1997 funds) from the
DWSRF for this purpose. To assist states in these efforts, EPA is directed by
statute to develop and issue guidance on the source water assessments by August
1997. A consultation process, involving all major stakeholders, on all aspects
of this guidance is also required. For these new activities as well as continued
efforts in source water protection, the Agency estimates that $9,071,100 and 72.1
total workyears of 1997 resources will be invested in this area.
States are receiving technical assistance and support in the development
and implementation of the Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program
(CSGWPPs) ; it is estimated that 10 states will have SPA-endorsed CSGWPPs by the
end of 1997 and the majority of states will be developing such programs related
to the provision in the 1996 SDWA Amendments.
EPA will continue regulation and management of Class I, II, and III
underground injection wells. The rule on Class V shallow injection wells is
under development in 1997. This rule will restrict the use of Class V injection
wells for an estimated 120,000 industrial waste disposal concerns. Principal
outreach and education efforts for the Class V rule will be focused on
owners/operators of these shallow, industrial disposal wells to encourage
voluntary compliance with the rule and persuade local government officials to
include Class V well management as part of their source water protection
programs. Approximately $8,983,300 and 120.0 total workyears will support these
efforts in 1997.
The Agency also provides support to organizations that assist communities
in addressing source water protection programs; $1,714,900 is included in the
1997 budget.
Congressional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: Vermont Technical College
Regional Wastewater Training Center in the amount of $50,000; Cortland County,
NY Aquifer Protection Plan in the amount of $300,000; Missouri Groundwater
Quality Evaluation in the amount of $300,000; Maui Algal Bloom Study in the
amount of $400,000; Wadsworth Sub-basin Groundwater Project in Fernley, NV" in the
amount of $290,000; Groundwater Protection Council (GWPC) in the amount of
$150,000; and National Rural Water Association (NRWA) groundwater activities in
the amount of $1,860,000.
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WATER QCTAI.ITY CRITERIAT STANDARDS. AND APPLICATIONS
1998 PRQgRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $20,292,200 and 114.9 total workyears in
1998 for the Water Quality Criteria, Standards, and Applications program
component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Criteria Development
with a request of $5,265,500 and 17.9 total workyears, community-based
environmental protection in the standards program with a request of $5,742,300
and 36.0 total workyears, and technical support and guidance for community-based
environmental protection with a request of $8,762,100 and 61.0 total workyears.
Through its activities, this program strengthens the Agency's Community-
based Environmental Protection (CBEP) approach. In 1998, this program component
will be a basic element in the Agency's efforts to involve all stakeholders in
identifying and protecting stressed or threatened ecosystems and to integrate
government, private enterprise, and public efforts in setting their own
environmental goals. Through this program, EPA is increasing its efforts to
support states/tribes in tailoring watershed-based water use designations and
criteria to meet their unique local requirements (e.g., criteria for arid
ecosystems). In order to assure the credibility and effectiveness of risk
reduction programs, EPA will (l) update risk-based criteria to reflect new
information; (2) use risk assessment approaches for complex environmental
processes such as fate-and- transport and bioaccumulation in support of standard
setting; (3) provide updated information and technical support to assist states
and tribes in addressing their nonpoint source pollution problems and to develop
new and more comprehensive Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs); (4) investigate
newly-identified problems like air deposition of pollutants into surface waters
and hormone disrupting pollutants; and (5) develop effective risk
characterization approaches to support decision-making on critical health and
ecological issues.
EPA must develop more sophisticated tools to help us better understand and
compare risks associated'with the processes and practices that cause pollution,
and apply innovative pollution management techniques to improve the Nation's
water quality. In 1998, the Agency will initiate revisions incorporating
scientific advancements into the 91 existing human health and 40 aquatic life
water quality criteria, thus allowing states/tribes to use more protective
criteria and target precious resources to the most sensitive and/or critical
species. These revised criteria will form the base for state and tribal efforts
to formulate and implement expanded Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) that
incorporate for complex point and nonpoint source discharges and promote
innovative alternatives to achieve improved water quality. The Agency will also
continue to enhance and expand geographic models to support states and tribes in
evaluating local watershed conditions and identifying the most appropriate
solutions to their unique water pollution problems. EPA will invest $300,000 in
its examination of the impacts of exposure to endocrine disrupters (chemicals
that can interfere with normal hormonal activities in humans and animals). We
will also devote $375,000 to enhance BASINS, a powerful new geographic
information system which links projected nonpoint source runoff with point source
discharges, to include and predict the air deposition of mercury on all the major
basins in the United States.
EPA will continue to promote the assessment, cleanup, and management of
contaminated sediment by devoting $1,360,300 and 4.6 total workyears to
incorporate public comments into the first biennial report to Congress, print and
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distribute the National Contaminated Sediment Inventory, make available to the
public on the Internet contaminated sediment inventory and assessment data, and
begin to assess nonpoint sources for incorporation into the inventory. The
Agency will also prepare and distribute a variety of guidance materials and tools
concerning contaminated sediment, including sampling and assessment methods,
standards for TMDLs .and permits using sediment quality criteria, sediment quality
advisory levels, and a contaminated sediment newsletter to be distributed
worldwide via the Internet.
In 1998, the Agency will provide guidance documents, technical assistance,
and training on: the use of existing and revised standards and criteria and
enhanced water quality models; assessing and communicating risks associated with
the consumption of contaminated fish; assessing and managing contaminated
sediment; predicting and communicating to the public the risks associated with
beach contamination events; and using more sophisticated models and modeling
techniques to manage pollution from both point and non-point sources. EPA will
focus on increasing the capacity of states, tribes, regulated parties, and the
general public to prevent or reduce pollution. In addition, EPA will increase
guidance, training, and technical assistance to build tribal capacity for
developing and implementing water quality standards programs.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -1.1 FTE ±.S3..83,.1K
In 1998, EPA proposes to increase this program component by $1,000,000 to
revise existing water quality criteria and incorporate air deposition into the
existing BASINS geographic modeling tool. The methodologies EPA uses to
establish human health and aquatic life criteria were developed in the 1970s and
last updated more than 10 years ago; therefore, the Agency is incorporating
significant scientific advances in the criteria. Armed with improved criteria
and predictive tools, EPA will support states and tribes in improving the
assessment of bioaccumulative pollutants, nutrient overenrichment, exposure
pathways, and the fate and transport of pollutants through the ecosystem. These
updated tools will assist states in developing TMDLs that address the complex
relationships between a variety of pollution sources and, therefore, that yield
a wider range of pollution abatement and control techniques.
EPA will invest $750,000 and 2.0 total workyears in this program component
for the President's "Kalamazoo Initiative" to increase public knowledge of the
risks to human health from exposure to contamination of water at beaches. The
Agency will work with environmental health officials from tribal, state, county,
and city agencies, as well with concerned interest groups, to identify and
collect information on beach health protection activities nationwide. EPA will
monitor five waterfront sites to assist in developing models that better predict
when bathing beach contamination events may occur. EPA will then compile the
information into a comprehensive database to be available to the public on the
Internet. Finally, the Agency will develop and disseminate information materials
on the risks, particularly to children, of exposure to waters contaminated by
disease-causing microorganisms. The risks addressed by this effort will include
risks posed by fish contamination. These activities are designed to educate the
public and help public officials determine when beaches should be closed, posted,
and reopened.
The Agency will increase its support to Indian tribes by $400,000 for
community-based environmental protection programs that promote the use of
nonpoint source alternatives to improve water quality. EPA will conduct Water
Quality Standards Workshops designed specifically for Indian tribes that include
discussions on how to apply for program authorization and develop water quality
standards and how to tailor model standards to environmental conditions on tribal
lands. These workshops will be designed to encourage tribes to adopt innovative
approaches to managing their water pollution problems. In response to requests
from tribes, the Agency will provide technical assistance addressing fish
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consumption surveys and focusing on how to conduct the surveys and interpret the
results.
In addition, we will devote $500,000 to improve the array of user-friendly
geographic modeling tools available to states and tribes by incorporating new
information in these models that address areas such as daily stream flow and
hydropic processes; refining and expanding the range of geographic data that
models can handle; modifying models to exploit ever-evolving computer
technologies; and providing training and assistance to the community of model
users. The refined modeling tools will allow states and tribes to consider a
variety of alternatives, such as pollution trading, to address the combination
of nonpoint source runoff, point source discharges, and air deposition of
pollutants into their waters.
The Agency will disinvest 3.1 total workyears in the Regions for the
oversight, review, and approval of state water quality programs. A net increase
of $433,100 reflects an increase in personnel costs. A reduction of $2,700,000
is the result of a disinvestment in Congressional earmarks from 1997.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $19,909,100 and 116.0 total workyears for
the Water Quality Criteria, Standards, and Applications program component. Major
activities within this program component are: criteria development with
$3,760,500 and 16.9 total workyears, community-based environmental protection in
the standards program with $5,364,300 and 39.1 total workyears, and technical
support and guidance for community-based environmental protection with
$10,262,000 and 60.0 total workyears.
The Water Quality Criteria and Standards program is the foundation of the
national effort to fulfill the Clean Water Act's (CWA) stated objective of
restoring and maintaining the physical, chemical and biological integrity of our
Nation's waters. EPA develops water quality standards and criteria, the
programmatic instruments and numeric/narrative goals that states/tribes use to
meet specific water quality objectives. It also provides scientific and
technical assistance, training, and specific tools so states/tribes can adopt and
implement successful water quality programs. In 1997, EPA will provide
scientific support, hands-on assistance, and policy direction to these vital
state/tribal water quality programs.
The Agency will play a national leadership role in 1997 to enhance the
ability of local governments and environmental and citizens' groups to manage
their environmental problems. Based on public comment on our Advance Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking, the Agency will decide if changes are needed in existing
water quality standards so that programs can better confront watershed- and
multimedia-related problems. The Agency will continue to provide technical
assistance to states/tribes on how to warn subsistence fishers, largely from
minority and low-income populations, of the risks from eating contaminated fish;
we have issued over 1,200 of these warnings to date. EPA will also provide
information and guidance to states/tribes on how to manage risks associated with
contaminated sediments. EPA will" develop, distribute, and train our clients to
operate sophisticated PC-compatible models that allow comprehensive watershed
planning, and we will provide training courses, workshops, and other information
to ensure that our clients have the ability to manage up-to-date water programs.
In 1997, EPA will direct $1,325,700 • and 4.6 total workyears to the
assessment, cleanup, and management of contaminated sediment. We will expand and
improve the National Sediment Inventory by developing methods for testing,
analysis, and evaluation of sediment quality; verifying a chronic sediment
toxicity test; and developing a population model for interpretation of sediment
test data. The Agency will provide guidance and contaminated sediment management
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tools such as workshops for states, tribes, and regulated community on methods
and protocols for assessing and remediating contaminated sediment and guidance
documents addressing areas like data needs for deriving sediment quality-based
NPDES permits and ocean testing.
Finally, this program component will continue to approve and/or disapprove
state/tribal standards, promulgate Federal standards where state programs fail
to meet the CWA requirements, and promote municipal sludge management practices
that provide for the beneficial use and disposal of sludge while improving the
environment and public health.
Congressional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: NY/NJ harbor dredge in the
amount of $2,000,000, Alabama Department of Environmental Management for Smith
Station in the amount of $500,000, and Alabama Water and Wastewater Institute in
the amount of $200,000.
EFFMJENT QniPKLIHES
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $25,707,400 and 81.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Effluent Guidelines program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are regulatory development
with a request of $24,649,200 and 77.0 total workyears, and the Common Sense
Initiative, with a request of $1,058,200 and 4.0 total workyears.
The Agency is required by the Clean Water Act and by a Consent Decree with
the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) to promulgate certain effluent
guidelines. In 1998, EPA will develop rules and conduct additional industry
studies in accordance with the revised schedule that the program is currently
negotiating with the Natural Resources Defense Council.
The effluent guidelines regulatory development process directly involves
the regulated community and other stakeholders to ensure that effluent guidelines
meet the statutory mandates of technical and economic feasibility, that the
regulatory strategies are flexible and cost-effective, that the rules are
targeted toward the highest risk areas, and that the paperwork required to comply
with the rules is not burdensome. Examples of these efforts are the Pesticide
Formulating, Packaging, and Repackaging regulation, which incorporates a flexible
and effective pollution prevention approach for controlling toxics 'and the Pulp
& Paper "Cluster Rule" which integrates air and water standards to achieve the
most cost-effective, innovative control of pollutants while minimizing the burden
of regulation to that industry,
In 1998, the Agency will place increasing emphasis on selecting industries
for regulation based on the potential to reduce significant risks to public
health and the environment. The Agency estimates that effluent guideline
regulations promulgated to date reduce the discharge of about one billion pounds
of toxic and conventional pollutants annually, which include carcinogens, human
systemic toxicants, aquatic life toxicants, and bioaccumulative chemicals. The
occurrence of cancer, systemic illnesses, and adverse impacts to aquatic life are
reduced as a result of these rulemakings, which are critical in establishing
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit limits for
individual facilities. In assessing the risks, the program - analyzes the amount
and type of pollutants discharged, the number and concentration of carcinogens
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in the discharges, and the number of facilities discharging to water quality-
impaired receiving waters 1
To support these rules, EPA will conduct engineering, economic, and
statistical analyses based on the latest scientific knowledge, including
analytical methods for toxic and non-conventional pollutants. By incorporating
improved analytic methods and considering economic and social impacts, these
analyses will strengthen the Agency's efforts to refine a holistic approach to
industry regulation that emphasizes risk management, considers multi-media
pollutant transfer, and compares regulatory costs and benefits. Furthermore, the
program will increasingly recognize that industry may reduce operating costs by
implementing pollution prevention measures and will incorporate incentives to
encourage pollution prevention.
The Agency will continue its support for the Common Sense Initiative (CSI),
and the Office of Water will continue to lead the Iron and Steel sector project.
We will provide technical and contractor support for projects that enhance
participation by stakeholders in the community around a facility (Good Neighbor
Project), develop and test model multi-media permit for a facility, and develop
two pilot iron and steel brownfields sites (Birmingham, Alabama and Northwest
Indiana).
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -3.3 FTE 4-S3.097.4K
This program component is reduced by 3.3 total workyears and increased by
$3,097,400 in 1998. The program will realize a $250,000 and 3.3 total workyear
savings from improvements in its technical direction of contractors.
The Agency is investing $3,000,000 to support the development, revision,
and promulgation of effluent guidelines that have the greatest potential for
reducing risks to public health, provide a larger role to stakeholders in
identifying cost-effective pollution control technologies which do not over-
burden the regulated community, and integrate wherever possible a multi-media
approach, and incorporate pollution prevention principles. The increase will
also allow the Agency to increase efforts underway on twelve rulemakings and to
conduct studies on three industries to support potential rulemakings and assure
that we meet our commitment under the NRDC Consent Decree. An increase of
$347,400 reflects an overall increase in personnel costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $22,610,000 and 84.3 total workyears fpr
the Effluent Guidelines program component. Major activities within this program
component are the development of regulations governing effluent discharges from
industrial sectors, with $21,569,400 and 80.3 total workyears, and support for
the Agency's Common Sense Initiative with $1,040,600 and 4.0 total Workyears.
The Agency is required by the Clean Water Act and by a Consent Decree with
the NKDC to promulgate certain effluent guidelines. The 1992 Consent Decree with
NRDC requires us to take final regulatory action with rfespect to 12 point source
categories (industries) before December 2003 and establishes a schedule for the
conduct of additional industry studies. The program is negotiating with the NKDC
to revise the rulemaking schedules. We expect that regulations currently being
developed will produce an annual reduction of 16 million pounds of toxic
pollutants.
This program develops technology-based regulations that consider both
pollution prevention and treatment options for industries discharging toxic
chemicals directly into surface waters and municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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The regulations address tnulti-media risks and are developed in coordination with
other Agency programs.
As part of assuring greater stakeholder participation on each rulemaking,
this program component draws on the expertise of the Effluent Guidelines Task
Force, a Federal Advisory Committee (FACA) , with representatives from state and
local governments, industry, citizen groups, and the academic community. The
Task Force addresses rulemaking issues that improve the process and the
regulatory products. For example, the Task Force is now working on a process for
deciding which industry groups to address through guidelines, a process to
promote pollution prevention through integrated regulations that minimize cross-
media transfer of pollution, and a method to evaluate the combined efficiency of
source controls and treatment. This program component also supports the KTPDES
permit streamlining effort by providing new and revised methods that allow
greater flexibility and reduce data collection burdens on permittees and simplify
the permit writing process overall.
By limiting the amount of pollution caused by the release of specific
chemicals into the Nation's waters by industry, this program component will
contribute directly to improved water quality as reflected in the Agency's
indicators for the Clean Waters environmental goal. The Agency has found that
all existing effluent guideline regulations combined prevent annually the direct
release of more than 500 million pounds of toxic chemicals 'to the water from 51
types of industries, including iron and steal, organic chemicals, and metal
finishing plants.
The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) provides opportunity to all stakeholders
to jointly identify problems and innovative ideas that can yield better
environmental results more cost-effectively. In the Iron and Steel industry, we
continue to explore such innovative projects as multi-media permits for a steel
facility, a web site to share information on innovative technology and pollution
prevention, pilot testing the development of two brownfields sites, and
developing a model for consolidated reporting of compliance and monitoring data
from facilities to state and Federal governments.
COASTAL 6 MC&R33SDE. PROTECTION
1998 PROGRAM J8BOPKST
The Agency requests a total of $36,225,900 and 129.6 total workyears in
1998 for the Coastal & Marine Protection program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Agency will continue to promote community-based environmental
protection through continued development and implementation of national coastal
strategies and through targeted support' to critical estuaries and other coastal
watersheds {$16,207,900 and 47.2 total workyears). Emphasis will be placed on
transferring lessons learned from the estuaries ,in the National Estuary Program
(NEP) to other coastal areas and water bodies, as well as expanding participation
in coastal ecosystem management. Of a total of 28 NEPs, 21 will have completed
development of final Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plans (CCMPs) by
the end of the year and will be in the implementation phase; and 7 draft or final
CCMPs will be reviewed. Regional staff will, continue support of the NEPs, and
will work with states, tribes, local governments, and other Federal agencies to
ensure that our coastal ecosystems are being managed in an efficient,
environmentally sound, community-supported manner.
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The Agency will continue efforts to abate the adverse impacts of
atmospheric pollution on coastal waters, with a focus upon estuarine waters
($414,900). In a cooperative effort between the Air and Water programs, the
Agency will examine the transport, fate, and adverse impacts of deposition of
contaminants into coastal watersheds, looking toward development of management
strategies. Headquarters will work with Regions to evaluate existing data in
coastal watersheds, and studies will be designed and carried out to collect
additional information and data.
The Agency will continue to develop, coordinate .and implement policy,
regulations and guidance for ocean disposal programs ($7,433,200 and 50.6 total
workyears) . Within this program component lies the statutory responsibility for
issuing permits for any materials to be dumped in ocean waters except for dredged
materials (for which permits are issued by the Corps of Engineers and EPA has
review and concurrence authority); and statutory responsibility for designation,
monitoring and management of all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged
material. The Water Resources Development Act of 1992 increased EPA's role in
site management and permit review and set deadlines for ocean dumping site
designations and issuance of site management plans. The Agency will continue to
assess, monitor and control the sources of marine debris in coordination with
other -Federal, state and local agencies.
To assure that our nation's vital ports and harbors are developed and
maintained in an environmentally sound manner, the program will help ports and
regions adequately plan for, and develop, dredged material disposal alternatives,
with the involvement of all affected stakeholders (e.g., Corps of Engineers,
Federal and state resource agencies, ports, and environmental interest groups).
The program will also foster use of the best available methods for evaluating
dredged material proposed for ocean dumping. The Agency will increase support
that promotes development of place-based, long-term dredged material management
plans, and to upgrade and revise manuals and methods used to evaluate dredged
material. Development of these dredging and disposal plans will implement one
of the major recommendations in the December 1994 Interagency Report on Improving
the Dredging Process.
EPA will continue implementing the Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 301(h)
program, which provides for waivers from secondary treatment requirements. The
reduced resource level for this program reflects the fact that no new
applications can be submitted (without legislation), and that the focus of the
program is now primarily on waiver renewals, similarly, the CWA Section 403 (c)
program, which assures that marine dischargers meet specified criteria, will be
conducted at a reduced level ($1,480,000 and 13.8 total workyears).
In keeping with a community-based approach to environmental protection, EPA
will continue implementing Lakewide Management Plans for Lakes Erie, Michigan,
Ontario and Superior. EPA has identified stressors which are adversely
impacting, or have the potential to impact, beneficial uses in the Great Lakes
and is implementing appropriate management actions in partnerships with other
Federal, state and local environmental and resource management authorities. EPA
will continue to support and encourage broad public participation throughout the
LaMP programs. EPA will continue to support remediation actions in targeted
Areas of Concern ($6,363,600 and 10.0 total workyears).
The Agency will continue support for planning and restoration activities
in the South Florida ecosystem ($3,069,500 and 8.0 total workyears), including
monitoring the implementation of the required comprehensive water quality
protection program in the Florida Keys, and working with other Federal, state and
local programs to coordinate activities in this critical area. Mandated by the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Act of 1990, the plan prescribes
activities necessary to restore and maintain a balanced, indigenous population
of corals, shellfish, and fish in concert with recreational activities in the
watershed. Related activities include analysis of the mechanisms for severe
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mercury contamination in the watershed tributary to the Everglades and to Florida
Bay and the Keys.
The Agency will continue its support of the California Federal (CALFED)
Bay-Delta Program ($1,000,000), working with the State of California to develop
and implement a balanced, long-term solution to the problems of ecosystem
quality, water quality, water supply and reliability, and system vulnerability
affecting the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Watershed in
California.
EXPIRATION OF CHMK3K: -10.8 FTE -S18.4K
.An increase of $1,000,000 will support CALFED implementation; this activity
was funded in 1997 through an appropriated earmark in the Assessment and
Watershed Protection program component•. A reduction of $890,500 and 14.1 total
workyears reflects a decrease in EPA efforts to implement ocean discharge
requirements under sections 301(h) and 403(c) of the Clean Water Act. A
reduction of $700,000 is the result of disinvestment in earmarks from 1997 for
a project that is of regional rather than national concern. This requests also
reflects an increase of $568,800 in personnel related costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $36,244,300 and 140,4 total workyears
for the Coastal & Marine Protection program component. The Agency is continuing
its efforts to promote community-based environmental protection through continued
development and implementation of national coastal strategies and through
targeted support to critical estuaries and other coastal watersheds ($16,034,000
and 47.2 total workyears) . A key component of our coastal program is the
development and implementation of plans developed under the National Estuary
Program (NEP) . We are broadening the scope of our coastal ecosystem management
activities to include transferring lessons learned from our NEP experiences to
other estuarine and coastal areas around the country.
The Regions will review a significant amount of draft COE permits for
dredged material disposal, designate priority ocean disposal sites in final as
required by WRDA, develop and implement management plans for active use ocean
disposal sites, develop long term management plans for dredged material in a
limited number of key ports (where possible, as part of watershed plans), and
continue monitoring activities to ensure compliance with site management
requirements established pursuant to WRDA. Region II will continue to implement
the Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA) by working with former sludge dumpers to ensure
implementation of long-term alternatives to ocean dumping ($7,050,000 and 48.1
total workyears).
EPA is continuing to implement community-based environmental protection
efforts in the Great Lakes Basin, identifying stressors to the Great Lakes and
implementing appropriate management actions in partnerships with other Federal,
state and local environmental and resource management authorities ($6,373,100 and
10.0 total workyears).
The Agency is continuing planning and restoration activities in the South
Florida ecosystem, including monitoring the implementation of the required
comprehensive water quality protection program in the Florida Keys, and working
with other Federal, state and local programs to coordinate activities in this
critical area ($3,047,900 and 8.0 total workyears),
Congressional Directives.- The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including Long Island Sound in the amount
of $700,000.
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WETLANDS PROTECTION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $15,153,100 and 153.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Wetlands Protection program component.
In 1998, the Agency will continue to implement the Administration's interim
goal of no overall net loss of wetlands and the long-term goal to increase the
quality and quantity of wetlands. As established in the President's August 1993
Wetlands Plan, EPA will continue to work toward making regulatory programs fair,
flexible, and environmentally effective,- and enhancing and expanding non-
regulatory programs that encourage protection and restoration of wetlands.
Consistent with the policies in the President's Wetlands Plan, EPA will
strengthen its partnerships with other Federal agencies, states, tribes, local
governments and the private sector; approach wetlands protection in a community-
based ecosystem/watershed context; and base wetlands policy on the best
scientific information available.
During 1998, the Agency will strengthen wetlands protection within a
geographic framework that supports identification and targeting of priorities and
enhances stakeholder involvement . Addressing watershed protection in a
comprehensive manner, integrating point and nonpoint source controls with
wetlands protection, can greatly enhance the prevention of pollution and the
reduction of risks to public health and the environment . The Regions will
increase their work with other Federal, state, tribal and local environmental
programs to improve wetlands protection in the geographic context, directing
their efforts at those wetlands whose value and function are at greatest risk.
We will continue our efforts at Headquarters and in the Regions to support
innovative approaches that address the problem of wetlands loss and alteration,
specifically by developing and improving wetlands assessment methods to assist
in evaluation and watershed-based categorization of wetlands, and methods to
foster mitigation banking. Such banks can provide scientifically sound and
relatively low- risk compensation for the unavoidable loss of wetlands, providing
both environmental benefits and a streamlined permit review process.
The Agency will implement and refine strategies and programs to assist
states, tribes, and local governments in taking stronger roles in wetlands
planning, protection, and regulation. The Regions, with Headquarters support,
will continue to support strong state and tribal programs through grants,
technical assistance, and technology transfer. Improvements in Federal policies
and programs affecting wetlands will be secured by working with other Federal
agencies on proposed legislation, regulations, program guidance, and other joint
activities . Headquarters will continue to work cooperatively with Federal
agencies on better integration of research, restoration, inventory, cooperative
programs and information and educational activities.
EPA will continue to address issues regarding the regulation of the
discharge of dredged or fill material into wetlands and other aquatic habitats
(the waters of the United States) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) .
EPA Headquarters and Regions will continue' to participate in the CWA 404
permitting program, assuring that the most significant environmental concerns are
addressed through -the permitting process, and, where necessary, by ensuring
environmentally unacceptable discharges are modified, restricted, or prohibited.
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Improved public awareness about the importance, function, and value of
wetlands will continue to be a priority in 1998, including outreach on voluntary
and incentive-based programs that assist private landowners to conserve and
enhance their wetlands. Headquarters and the Regions will continue their
outreach/education programs to the regulated community.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +2.4 FTE ^S^,366.OK
The increase of 2.4 total workyears will enhance efforts to implement the
President's Wetlands Plan, including restoration of wetlands quantity and
functions. A reduction of $4,600,000 is the result of disinvesting in 1997
appropriated earmarks that are of regional rather than national concern. This
disinvestment is partially offset by a growth in personnel-related costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $18,519,100 and 151.3 total workyears for
the Wetlands Protection program component. In 1997, the Agency is enhancing the
wetlands protection, regulation to make it more cost-effective and flexible. EPA
is developing and implementing reforms, in accordance with the Clinton
Administration's Wetlands Plan, to make wetlands regulations more fair, flexible,
and environmentally effective. Tools and guidance are being developed to work
with other agencies and stakeholders to put wetlands and watershed techniques
into practice as an alternative to traditional project-by-project decision
making. Emphasis is being given to those tools, guidance documents, and training
programs that can produce the most environmental results in a cost-effective
manner.
EPA continues to assist states, tribes, and local governments to take more
active roles in wetlands planning, protection, and regulation. The Agency is
emphasizing the development and dissemination of technical information and
outreach materials to assist other partners to assume more responsibility for
wetlands programs to improve the level of protection of wetlands, and to
communicate effectively on controversial issues with stakeholders and the public.
The program continues to improve interagency relationships with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of Agriculture, the Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the National Marine Fisheries Service, through coordination on
program and policy development, and joint workshops and training efforts. These
improved relationships have proven to be very beneficial in obtaining
environmental results and improving program effectiveness for the American
public, in particular to those most directly affected by Federal wetland
programs.
CQjagrres^ional, Pjr^cfeges.- The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: Canaan Valley in the amount of
$500,000; Lake Hollingsworth, FL, restoration project, in the amount of
$3,500,000; Five Island Lake, Iowa in the amount of $200,000; and Ala Wai Canal
Watershed in the amount of $400,000.
ASSESSMENT AMD WATERSHEDPROTECTION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $45,944,300 and 319.9 total workyears in
1998 for the Assessment and Watershed Protection program component.
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ACTIVITIES
The Agency will increase its efforts supporting the President's commitment
to bolster ongoing Nonpoint Source (NFS) pollution control and prevention
programs ($13,688,600 and 110.5 total workyears) to achieve better community-
based watershed management. Based on the state-EPA workgroup 1996 strategy and
guidance to reinvent NPS management under Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 319, we
will make program improvements in 1998, including issuing better evaluation
criteria for upgraded state programs and working to improve Federal-state
consistency under 319 programs. We will accelerate our efforts with states to
upgrade their NPS management programs to adequately encompass all nine key
program elements contained in the 1996 guidance. We will reinvigorate our
public -private partnership efforts designed to encourage the voluntary adoption
and implementation of NFS measures by those owners and managers whose day-to-day
decisions and actions can result in NPS pollution. The Agency will continue
ongoing broad public Outreach efforts, including Internet access via EPA's
homepage, to increase awareness of NPS pollution and watershed protection and
encourage specific public actions to reduce their watershed pollution
contributions ..
,We will address implementation of a reinvented CWA Section 303 (d) /total
maximum daily load (TMDL) program ($12,201,200 and 53.5 total workyears) as being
defined by a FACA advisory committee started in 1997. We project that about half
of the states will have to dramatically expand and accelerate their development
and use of TMDLs in their water quality management programs as a result of
settlements or court orders from current and anticipated TMDL lawsuits , EPA
must help states succeed in their expanded TMDL activities and, if necessary,
backstop state efforts.
With increased capabilities, both in Headquarters and particularly in the
Regions, we will be able to directly assist specific states in developing
watershed- level TMDLs, and, if necessary, backstop states with EPA TMDL
promulgation. In addition, EPA will develop specialized TMDL templates and
customized watershed tools that states can easily use to quickly develop less-
complex TMDLs, allowing states to then focus on the more complex TMDL court-
requirements. These tools will also be made available to all states to help
prevent future litigation or bolster state positions in potential litigation.
Finally, these increased resources will also enable EPA to develop and promulgate
multi- State TMDLs where needed.
The Agency will enhance and expand our water quality monitoring and
information systems ($10,611,000 and 66.3 total workyears) . Our efforts to help
states carry out their monitoring programs, including EPA operating and
revitalizing the national STORET water data system, are critical to maintaining
the most fundamental environmental protection infrastructure at the state/local
level: the ability to identify and understand remaining high risk problems,
develop appropriate solutions, and evaluate if /when environmental results are
actually being achieved.
In 1998, we will continue to: 1) upgrade and georeference existing data
(including CWA 305 (b) , 303 (d) lists, 319 (a) NPS assessments, and environmental
indicators) ; 2) complete and selectively refine Reach File 3 indexing across the
U.S. to provide a common GIS base for all watersheds; and, 3) migrate and
georeference U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and other relevant Federal and
state databases and program information. We will improve the prototypes'
software and analytical capabilities to enable use as expert-systems at the
watershed level. We will establish Regional Surf your Watershed/National
Watershed Assessment Project (Surf/NWAP) technical and program capabilities and
make them available to assist states, local organizations, and citizens in system
use and continue to incorporate relevant environmental and program data as it
becomes known/available.
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In 1997, a prototype, start-up phase of the World-Wide-Web-based Surf Your
Watershed and the interlocking EPA/State management component, NWAP, is being
initiated- We will substantially increase our resources devoted to Surr"/NWAP in
order to have fully functional capabilities covering the entire U.S. in 1998 in
direct support of the Administration's "Kalamazoo/Right-to-Know" initiative
($1,250,000 and 3.0 total workyears). This increased effort will allow us to
better link Surf/NWAP with other Federal, state, local and private sector
environmental and related data and to better provide geographic and analytical
capabilities of direct interest to our partners.
In 1998, the Agency will continue activities to identify and characterize
impaired/threatened waters and to increase the use of environmental indicators
to measure progress against national goals. EPA will help states begin full
reporting on a basic set of agreed-upon environmental indicators. By 1998, EPA's
initial work to develop a framework of national indicators will largely be
complete, with the emphasis shifting to the states' adopting, tracking and using
these indicators for waters and watersheds.
The Agency will continue efforts to implement the President's Northwest
Forest Plan ($799,400 and 5.5 total workyears), participating in and providing
technical assistance to interagency and intergovernmental teams tasked with
protecting and restoring watersheds in our northwest forests.
BXPIAHATION OF CTMtSEj; *3,&..±2 gftj -$1,224.9K
An increase of $6,570,900 and 10.0 total workyears will enhance EPA
capabilities to directly assist specific states in developing watershed-level
TMDLs, and, if necessary, backstop states with EPA TMDL promulgation. EPA will
directly supplement state resources devoted top developing specific court-mandated
CWA Section 303(d) requirements to make truly informed decisions at all watershed
scales. An increase of $1,250,000 and 3.0 total workyears will support the Surf
Your PfetersAed/NWAP watershed data dissemination effort as part of the
President's "Kalamazoo Initiative." An extramural increase of $3,500,000 will
support NPS activities. A reduction of $11,550,000 is the result of the
disinvestment in earmarks from 1997 that are of regional rather than national
concern. The $1,000,000 in support of the CALFED initiative, is now being
requested in the Coastal & Marine Protection program component.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $47,169,200 and 301.6 total workyears for
the Assessment and Watershed Protection program component. EPA is continuing to
provide technical assistance and outreach to states in support of CWA Section 319
and C2ARA Section 6217 programs, which includes working with all states to
upgrade their 319 NPS programs and with coastal states to help them complete
development of coastal nonpoint source control programs that meet CZARA
requirements ($10,324,800 and 110.5 total workyears}. The Agency is also working
with public and private sector groups to promote an increase in voluntary actions
to control nonpoint source pollution.
EPA has initiated a TMDL FACA advisory committee and continues to provide
support and assistance to address various lawsuits challenging state and EPA
implementation of the Section 303 (d)/TMDL program ($5,630,300 and 43.5 total
workyears}. EPA is continuing efforts to provide technical and market-based
tools and training to empower interested watershed partnerships to develop and
implement community-based watershed protection strategies. Specific activities
include: 1) beginning implementation of national trading policy and procedures
that resulted from government reinvention efforts began in 1996, including
encouraging new trading programs by local watershed partnerships; 2) holding
Watershed Academy courses across the country, targeting attendance to states and
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active watershed groups; 3) providing INTERNET access to support watershed-based
information dissemination; and 4) working with states to support use of
community-based watershed protection strategies that build and expand on
traditional TMDLs.
EPA has substantially completed the initial development of the modernized
STORET full-scale prototype, and has initiated the development of Surf" your
Watershed and the National Watershed Assessment Project. We are continuing work
with states on developing and using environmental indicators and 'maintaining
strong water quality monitoring programs ($10,671,300 and 66.3 total workyears) .
EPA continues to support water quality- related efforts pursuant to the
President's Northwest Forest Plan, including working with other Federal agencies
and with interested stakeholders ($807,200 and 5.5 total workyears).
Congressional..,. iHrecM^SS.-' Tne Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: Lake Champlain management plan
in the amount of $750,000; Water Quality management plans for Skaneatles, Owasco,
and Otisco Lake watersheds in the amount of $900,000; New York City Safe Drinking
Water initiative in the amount of $1,000,000; Potomac River's north branch of an
acid mine drainage remediation project in the amount of $250,000; National
Institute for Environmental Renewal in the amount of $1,500,000; Missouri
watershed initiative cooperative demonstration project with the Food and
Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI)in the amount of $1,000,000;
Sacramento River Toxic Pollutant Control program in the amount of $900,000; San
Francisco Bay Delta Accord (CALFED) in the amount of $1, OOO/OOO; Leaking Above
Ground Storage Tanks Demonstration in the State of Alaska in the amount of
$.2,000,000; Nature Conservancy of Alaska for protection of the Kenai River
watershed in the amount of $250,000; Reclaimed Water in Oregon in the amount of
$2,000,000; and For the Sake of Salmon Sewer Separation Demo initiative in the
amount of $1,000,000.
WATER QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $24,513,600 and 199.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Water Quality Infrastructure and Financing program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The major activities within this program component are the management of
the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) with a request of $9,700,000 and
95.4 workyears, support in the management of the Drinking Water SRF with a
request of $797,600 and 2.0 workyears, the Construction Grants Program with a
request of $7,600,000 and 50.0 workyears, and other assistance programs such as
Mexican feorder, Indian Grants, and Operation and Maintenance assistance with a
request of $5,746,200 and 52.4 workyears.
This program encompasses management of federally capitalized, state run
financial assistance programs that foster strong community-based partnerships
with states, Indian tribes, local communities, other Federal agencies and the
international community. Financial assistance managed by the program is integral
to implementation of the National Water Program and its goals.
The Agency will continue to manage and ensure the integrity of the CW-SRF,
which has over $20 billion in assets and provides for water quality
infrastructure improvements in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. As one of the
Agency's premier tools for building the financial capacity of our partners, the
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Clean Water - SRF program continues to foster and incorporate the goals of
ecosystem protection, and promote a more comprehensive, priority-based approach
to selecting point and nonpoint source control projects for funding. The Agency
will disseminate information from a number .of demonstration projects funded in
1996 and 1997 which were intended to develop innovative planning and priority
setting systems for the CW-SRF program. The Agency also will continue its
efforts to support wastewater public-private partnerships, where appropriate.
EPA promotes the goals of environmental justice by encouraging states to
provide loans to small or disadvantaged communities which, because of their size
or economic condition, have difficulty implementing complex infrastructure
projects or competing in the financial markets. Such communities are in need of
technical and financial assistance to manage the environmental and administrative
tasks necessary to receive an SRF loan and begin construction of a project. We
will continue to work with the Council of State Community Development Agencies
and other Federal agencies to coordinate the provision of Federal assistance to
small communities, and will continue to administer Indian set-aside grants used
for planning, design, and construction of wastewater systems. Additionally, the
Agency assures that environmental justice principles are applied in several grant
programs targeted toward communities with under-served populations, including
grant programs for colonias in Texas, the U.S.-Mexico Border, Indian tribes, and
rural and Alaskan Native Villages.
In cooperation with the Drinking Water Program, the Water Quality Financial
Assistance Program will continue to provide guidance, implementation support,
training, and technical assistance to states in their development of Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund programs. Through the Drinking Water SRF, the states
use the federal capitalization grants to capitalize loan funds to assist
communities in constructing drinking water infrastructure to protect public
health from contaminants in drinking water supplies. Additionally, funding in
1998 will be used for conducting the drinking water needs survey. Every two
years funding will rotate between the Clean Water needs survey and the Drinking
Water needs, survey.
Progress towards the successful completion/closeout of the Construction
Grants program will continue in 1998, with approximately 86 pre-1992 projects
remaining to be administratively completed and 435 pre-1992 projects remaining
to be closed out at the beginning of the year for a total of 521 pre-1992
projects to be closed out. In addition, there are approximately 72 active grant
projects funded with appropriations received since 1992. The Agency will
continue to provide assistance and guidance to states, resolve audit problems
and grantee disputes, and oversee the activities of the Corps of Engineers in its
construction management and completion/closeout assistance activities. The goal
for the program is to ensure the efficient completion and closeout of these
projects and to ensure the fiscal, programmatic, and environmental integrity of
the program.
EPA will continue to manage over $2.3 billion in grants to coastal cities
and cities with special needs from funds appropriated for 1992 through 1997.
Many of these grants will be in the mid" to late stages of construction in 1998,
and will continue to require significant management attention by EPA Regional
staff. Resources will also be used to continue effective management of special
grants made to support the drinking water and wastewater infrastructure needs
of rural and Alaskan Native Villages.
The Agency will continue its international partnership with Mexico in
support of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other
international agreements that pertain to the border area. EPA is committed to
improving environmental and human health conditions along the U.S.-Mexico Border
by managing the funds for the planning, design and construction of water and
wastewater treatment facilities and other projects in the border area. The
Agency evaluates water and wastewater infrastructure proposals and establishes
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priorities for Agency funding. The Agency also participates in a binational
water quality monitoring and evaluation effort.
EPA requests $294,000 and 2.5 workyears to continue to direct its Municipal
Operations and Maintenance (O&M) program to promote compliance, address pollution
prevention opportunities, support water quality standards, and support other
priority activities in targeted watersheds. The Agency also requests $1,456,000
to manage programs designed to provide financial and technical assistance to
rural and small communities to assist them in addressing their water and
wastewater treatment needs or requirements.
Through the Water Quality Financial Assistance program, the Agency will
continue to administer a number of grant programs which foster ecosystem
protection and pollution prevention in watersheds through management of water
pollution control programs at the state and tribal levels. Activities include
the management and development of guidance for the Section 106 grants, which
assist 50 states, six interstate and territorial agencies and qualified Indian
tribes in the development and implementation of water pollution control programs,
The program will continue to foster administrative streamlining in the grants
program; continue work on electronic transfer in the grants process through pilot
projects in selected states; and, expand its Indian Section 106 program through
training and technical assistance.
The Agency also will continue to manage the water quality cooperative
agreements, which fund demonstration projects and special studies that promote
the watershed approach as part of existing National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) programs as well as state capacity building, pollution
prevention, environmental justice, and other Agency initiatives in the water
media.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE -9.4 FTE -$7,033.4K
The 1958 budget request reflects a net decrease of $7,033,400 and 9.4 total
workyears.
A disinvestment of $703,400 and 9.9 workyears in the Construction Grants
program is due to continued progress in the completion and close-out of
construction grants. A reduction of $7,783,000 is the result of a disinvestment
in Congressional earmarks from 1997 for projects that are of regional rather than
national concern or are otherwise a low priority. These decreases are offset by
an increase of $141,700 and 0.5 total workyears to support the Drinking Water
Program in managing the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF)and an
overall increase in personnel costs of $1,311,300.
.1.997 gROSRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of;$31,547,000 and 209.2 total workyears for
the Water Quality Infrastructure and Financing program component. The major
activities within this program component are the management of the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) with $9,300,000 and 95.5 workyears, support in the
management of the Drinking Water SRF with $656,000 and 1.5 workyears, the
Construction Grants Program with $7,900,000 and 60.0 workyears, and other
assistance programs such as Mexican Border, Indian Grants, and Operation and
Maintenance assistance with $13,021,200 and 52.2 workyears.
The Water Quality Financial Assistance, program encompasses management of
financial assistance activities that foster strong community-based partnerships
with states, Indian tribes, local communities, other Federal agencies and the
international community. Financial assistance managed by the program is integral
to implementation of the National Water Program and its goals,
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The Agency continues to manage and ensure the integrity of the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) , which has over $20 billion in assets and provides
for water quality infrastructure improvements in all 50 states and Puerto Rico.
As one of the Agency's premier tools for building the financial capacity of our
partners, the Clean Water - SRF program continues to foster and incorporate the
goals of ecosystem protection, promoting a more comprehensive, priority-based
approach to selecting point and nonpoint source control projects for funding.
The Agency disseminates information from a number of demonstration projects,
funded in 1996 and 1997 which are intended to develop innovative planning and
priority setting systems for the CW-SRF program. The Agency also continues its
efforts to support wastewater public-private partnerships where appropriate.
EPA promotes the goals of environmental justice by encouraging states to
provide loans to small or disadvantaged communities which, because of their size
or economic condition, have difficulty implementing complex infrastructure
projects or competing in the financial markets. Such communities are in need of
technical and financial assistance to manage the environmental and administrative
tasks necessary to receive an SRF loan and begin construction of a project. We
continue to work with the Council of State Community Development Agencies and
other Federal agencies to coordinate the provision of federal assistance to small
communities, and continue to administer Indian set-aside grants used for
planning, design, and construction of wastewater systems.
The Agency assures that environmental justice principles are applied in
several grant programs targeted toward disadvantaged communities with under-
served populations, including grant programs for colonias in Texas, Indian
tribes, and grants for rural and Alaskan Native Villages.
In cooperation with the Drinking Water program, the Water Quality Financial
Assistance Program provides guidance, implementation support, training, and
technical assistance to states in their development of Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DW-SRF) programs. Through the Drinking Water SRF, EPA capitalizes
loan funds with which states and communities will be able to construct drinking
water systems to protect public health from contaminants in 'drinking water
supplies. The Drinking Water program will complete the ,1995 drinking water needs
survey, finalize the DW-SRF guidelines, and complete work on the 1998 DW-SRF
state allocation formula.
Progress towards the successful completion/closeout of the Construction
Grants program continues in 1997, with approximately 221 pre-1992 projects
remaining to be administratively completed and 718 pre-1992 remaining to be
closed put at the beginning of the year. In addition, there are 80 active grant
projects funded with appropriations received since 1992. The Agency continues
to provide assistance and guidance to states, resolve audit problems and grantee
disputes,, and oversee the activities of the Corps of Engineers in its
construction management and completion/closeout assistance activities. The goal
for the program is to ensure the efficient completion and closeout of these
projects and to ensure the fiscal, programmatic, and environmental integrity of
the program.
EPA continues to manage almost $2.3 billion in grants to coastal cities and
cities with special needs from funds appropriated for 1992 through 1997. Many
of these grants are in the early stages of construction in 1997 and will continue
to require significant management attention by EPA Regional staff. Resources are
also used to continue effective management of special grants made to support the
water and wastewater infrastructure needs of rural and Alaskan Native Villages.
The Agency continues its international partnership with Mexico in support
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other international
agreements that pertain to the border area. EPA is committed to improving
environmental and human health conditions along the U.S-.-Mexico Border. The
Agency continues to support two Border offices and assist the Border Environment
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Cooperation Commission (BECC) in the evaluation of project proposals, setting
priorities, and providing guidance for all activities along the U.S.-Mexico
Border.
The Municipal Operations and Maintenance (OSM) program continues to promote
compliance, address pollution prevention opportunities, support water quality
standards, and support other priority activities in targeted watersheds. The
Agency also provides financial and technical assistance to rural and small
communities to assist them in addressing their water and wastewater treatment
needs or requirements.
Through the Water Quality Financial Assistance program, the Agency
continues to administer a number of grant programs which foster ecosystem
protection and pollution prevention in watersheds through management of water
pollution control programs at the state and tribal levels. Activities include
the management and development of guidance for the Section 106 grants, 'Which
assist 50 states, six interstate and territorial agencies and qualified Indian
tribes in the development and implementation of water pollution control programs.
The program continues to foster administrative streamlining in the grants program
and actively pursues electronic transfer in the grants process, and supports its
Indian 106 program through training and technical assistance.
The Agency also manages the water quality cooperative agreements, which
fund demonstration projects and special studies that promote the watershed
approach as part of existing National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) programs as well as state capacity building, pollution prevention,
environmental justice, and other Agency initiatives in the water media.
Congressional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: a sludge-to-oil reactor (STORS)
and nitrogen system demonstration project in San Bernardino Valley in the amount
of $3,000,000; rural water technical assistance activities in the amount of
$.1,583,000; the solar aquatic waste water treatment demonstration project in
Vermont in the amount of $700,000; the onsite wastewater treatment demonstration
program through the Small Flows Clearinghouse in the amount of $1,000,000; and,
wastewater operator training grants under section 104(g) of the Clean Water Act
in the amount of $1,500,000.
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AMD PERMITTING
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $42,315,500 and 394.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Wastewater Management and Permitting program component,
MAJOR ACTIVITIES ,
Major activities within this program component are NPDES/Watershed
Protection with a request of $15,941,200 and 198.3 workyears; Wet Weather with
a request of $9,256,600 and 75.4 workyears; Technical Assistance with a request
of $3,151,000 and 38.2 workyears; Innovative Programs with a request of
$6,766,000 and 82.9 workyears; and, the Urban Initiative/Sustainable Development
Challenge Grants with a request of $5,348,000.
To ensure the protection of ecosystems and the attainment of clean surface
waters the Agency will continue to focus the wastewater management and permitting
program toward a community-based approach, rather than on individual sources of
pollution. The Agency will assure the effective implementation of the watershed
approach in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES},
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pretreatment and biosolids programs. Regions and states will continue to work
with their local stakeholders in developing basin management plans, establishing
priorities and developing environmental indicators that clearly demonstrate
progress toward and attainment of water quality goals. Regions and states will
continue to synchronize permit issuance and reissue major and minor permits
consistent with basin management plans. An increase of $500,000 will support
work on NPDES and nonpoint source interaction with a focus on Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operations (CAFOs).
EPA will concentrate on its partnerships with Regions, states, localities,
tribes and other stakeholders, so that the relationships are simplified and
tailored toward performance, with the focus on expected measures of success,
watershed protection, and clear delineation of the roles of EPA, states and
municipalities. New approaches will include tailored assistance and simplified
delegation procedures. EPA will provide technical assistance to build tribal
capacity for administering authorized water and biosolids management programs.
The Agency will increase its support of states' and communities' effort to
address wet weather pollution problems, such as combined sewer overflows,
sanitary sewer overflows, and storm water. These sources have been inadequately
addressed and are considered to be the highest priority sources of water
pollution in many waters. In 1998, EPA will ensure that these sources are
addressed using risk-based priorities. Implementation efforts will .use
recommendations of the Urban Wet Weather Flows (TJWWF) Advisory Committee. EPA
will use cost-benefit analyses in the formulation of policy decisions associated
with the control of wet weather flows. An increase of $1,000,000 will support
storm water work on Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs).
Through the Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE) and Municipal
Water Pollution Prevention (MWPP) programs, EPA will heighten awareness of the
benefits of preventing water pollution and reducing energy and water use. The
WAVE program offers supporters the opportunity to participate in one of the
Agency's primary volunteer programs. Recognition and technical support through
the WAVE program provide strong incentives to conserve water in the hotel/motel
industry; EPA expects to expand this program into other institutions such as
schools in 1998.
EPA will continue its work to reinvent/reengineer the regulatory structure
of the NPDES program. The efforts require completion of a number of rules
including those that reduce permit application paperwork for NPDES, biosolids,
and storm water, and focus pretreatment programs on environmental results instead
of administrative process. Improvements in the program will include expanded use
of general permits. In addition, EPA will continue to carry out the
recommendations of the Common Sense Initiative and Permits Improvement Team. EPA
will also continue the pilot Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)
project for measuring the effectiveness of the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
program.
We will continue our work on wastewater technology transfer, with a goal
of improving our partners' understanding'of and capacity to utilize conventional,
alternative and innovative wastewater treatment technologies, including those
needed to manage and control wet weather pollution. The Agency will continue to
promote water conservation and reuse, and will provide guidance on technologies
associated with the use of constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment.
Through the Urban Livability initiative, the EPA will provide support to
cities to help them meet the environmental and. economic challenges they face now
and in the future. Through the development of carefully selected demonstration
pilots, EPA's initiative will provide the Agency an understanding of the broader
context in which we need to work; identify examples where EPA has unintentionally
created barriers to redevelopment; specifically define the opportunities to
remove barriers; and propose long term partnerships that can effectively address
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these barriers and leverage resources to revitalize cities. Through Sustainable
Development Challenge Grants, which will be coordinated with the Urban Livability
initiative, EPA will empower state and local governments to pursue innovative
approaches to local environmental protection issues.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: *0.5 FTE +S8.546.4 K
The FY 1998 budget request reflects a net increase of 0.5 total workyears
and $8,546,400.
An increase of $500,000 is targeted towards NPDES and nonpoint source
interaction with focus on CAFO controls. State data indicate that feed-Lots cause
or contribute 7 percent of lake impairments and 13 percent of river impairments.
Recent industry practice is leading to a greater concentration of CAFOs in
critical watersheds, causing impairment including fish kills. The funds will
assist EPA and states in issuing HPDES permits that control releases from CAFOs,
especially in critical watersheds. In addition, the funds will support outreach
to the regulated community to inform them of appropriate control technologies.
An increase of $1,000,000 is targeted towards implementation of TMDLs. EPA
•is working to resolve TMDL lawsuits in almost half the states, which is resulting
in development of TMDLs on all listed waters in these states. To implement these
TMDLs, many NPDES permits will need revision. The funds will support EPA and
states in reopening permits for incorporation of TMDL provisions. In addition,
where necessary to settle some lawsuits, the funds will support accelerated
issuance of MPDES permits with water quality based limits. Finally, the funds
will support integration of controls on urban wet weather sources within TMDLs.
An increase of $4,000,000 will go towards revitalizing communities. Of
this, $2,000,000 will go to the Administration's Urban Livability initiative.
The remaining $2,000,000 will go towards Sustainable Development Challenge
Grants. Finally, this request reflects an increase of $3,046,400 in personnel
related costs.
1997 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency's budget is a total of $33,769,100 and 39.4.3 total workyears for
the Wastewater Management and Permitting program component.
Major activities within this program component are NPDES/Watershed
Protection with $14,090,300 and 197.8 workyears; Wet Weather with $7,486,000 and
75.4 workyears; Technical Assistance with $2,856,900 and 38.2 workyears;
Innovative Programs with $6,134,500 and 82.9 workyears; and, the Urban
Initiative/Sustainable Development Challenge Grants with $1,348,000.
In 1997, the Agency will continue to focus the wastewater management and
permitting program toward a communityrbased approach, rather than individual
sources of pollution, to ensure the protection of ecosystems and the attainment
of clean surface waters. Activities within watersheds will focus on reducing the
greatest threats to human health and the environment, and an overall reduction
in risk. The Agency will continue to provide regulatory and institutional
incentives for the integration of the watershed approach into Regional and state
waste water management and permitting programs.
EPA will concentrate on its partnerships with Regions, states, localities
and other stakeholders, so that the relationships are simplified and tailored
toward performance, with the focus on expected measures of success, watershed
protection, and clear delineation of the roles of EPA, states and municipalities.
.New approaches will include tailored oversight practices, new performance
measures, more flexible use of grants and simplified delegation procedures.
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The Agency will assure the effective implementation of the watershed
approach in the NPDES, pretreatment and biosolids programs. Regions and states
will continue to work with their local stakeholders in developing basin
management plans, establishing priorities and developing environmental indicators
that clearly demonstrate progress toward and attainment of water quality goals.
Regions and states will continue to synchronize permit issuance and reissue major
and minor permits consistent with basin management plans. EPA will provide
technical assistance to building tribal capacity for administering authorized
water and biosolids management programs.
The Agency will increase its support of communities' effort to address wet
weather pollution problems, such as combined sewer overflows, sanitary sewer
overflows and storm water. These sources have been inadequately addressed and
are considered to be the highest priority sources of water pollution in many
waters. The Agency, working with state and other stakeholders on a Federal
Advisory Committee Act (FACA) Advisory Committee, will complete the policy and
regulatory framework for addressing these sources using risk-based priorities.
The Agency will assist local communities with holistic planning and
implementation on an urban watershed basis. This initiative will implement the
recommendations of the Urban Wet Weather Flows (UWWF) Advisory Committee which
is advising EPA on numerous wet weather issues. EPA will use the results of
cost-benefit analyses in the formulation of policy decisions associated with the
control of wet weather flows.
EPA will also continue its work to improve the regulatory structure of the
NPDSS program. The efforts started in 1995 require completion of a number of
rules including those that reduce permit application paperwork for NPDES,
biosolids, and storm water, and focus pretreatment programs on environmental
results instead of administrative process. Improvements in the program will
include reductions in monitoring and reporting requirements and expanded use of
general permits. In addition, EPA will continue to carry out the recommendations
of the Common Sense Initiative and Permits Improvement Team.
In 1997, EPA will continue its work on wastewater technology transfer. By
providing ongoing technology assessments, EPA will continue to assist others in
making wise investment decisions about cutting-edge wastewater treatment
technologies while fostering useful partnerships with academic institutions,
businesses, and the public. The Agency will continue to promote water efficiency
and will begin developing software to enable us to expand the Water Alliancies
for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE) program into schools. .In addition, the Agency
will provide guidance on technologies associated with the use of constructed
wetlands in wastewater treatment.
In 1997, EPA is launching the Urban Livability initiative to provide
support to cities as they struggle to meet environmental and economic challenges,
In partnership with selected urban communities, EPA will assess environmental
problems and regulatory barriers and offer strategies to eliminate those barriers
to economic growth. Sustainable Development Challenge Grants ($1,015,000), which
will be coordinated with the Urban Livability initiative, will fund projects that
leverage private investment and strengthen community capacity to proaetively
protect the environment while supporting a health economy. Associated workyears
are located in regional multimedia in 1997 but will be redirected to this program
component in 1998.
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AMERICAN IMP I AN ENVIRONMENTAIi MANAGEMENT
1998
The Agency requests a total of $4,207,300 and 44.3 total workyears in 1998
for the American Indian Environmental Management program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program are Tribal/EPA Environmental
Agreements with a request of $1,239,600 and 12.5 total workyears; outreach,
training, and program development with a request of $1,877,900 and 12.9 total
workyears; and, Indian General Assistance Program (GAP) grants management with
a request of $1,039,700 and 18.9 total workyears.
One of the EPA's highest priorities is to improve public health and
environmental conditions in Indian Country. To accomplish this objective, the
American Indian Environmental office (AIEO) is assisting over 500 Federally
recognized tribal governments as they work to identify and address areas of
greatest risk and priority in Indian Country.
Tribal/EPA Environmental Agreements (TEAs) are joint efforts between AIEO,
other Headquarters programs, Regional offices, and all interested tribal
governments to assess environmental conditions and identify long- and short-term
priorities for environmental management on tribal lands. These agreements are
the cornerstone of EPA's Indian Program and are meant to determine future
resource investments so that EPA can support its Indian Program in a manner
consistent with tfibal priorities and statutory requirements.
Increased outreach/training/development will enable AIEO to better assist
tribes as they develop their own environmental assessment and management
capabilities. AIEO will invest significantly in training tribal staff,
developing and providing outreach materials and providing technical and program
development assistance. Increased emphasis will be placed on supporting the TMDL
effort for Indian tribes as well as providing support for tribal water quality
standards . AIBO also will ensure that managers and staff across the Agency are
addressing their responsibilities for developing tribal environmental programs.
AIEO is requesting a significant increase in GAP grant funds for tribes in
the STAG appropriation in 1998, so that many more tribes will, for the first
time, receive EPA assistance as they begin to develop the capability to
administer environmental programs under Federal law. Sound management of these
grants will be a high priority for the AIEO 1998.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 4-3.7 FTK -S57.0K
An increase of $199,300 and 3.0 workyears is requested to support
development of Tribal/EPA agreements (TEAs) . TEAs are designed to describe the
condition of a tribe's environment and the tribe's long-range environmental goals
and near- term priorities for EPA assistance. AIEO will endeavor to complete TEAs
with 100 interested tribes in 1998, building on a base of 100 TEAs completed
through 1997. Depending on decisions made in implementing Performance
Partnership Grant authority, the number of completed TEAs may be significantly
higher .
An increase of $243,700 and 0.7 workyears is requested to increase training
for Indian tribes, complete and deliver outreach documents and tools, and provide
technical and program assistance to tribal staff and managers. $100,000 of this
investment will be used specifically to support the Total Maximum Daily Load
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(TMDL) effort by Indian tribes and $100,000 of this investment is requested to
support tribal water quality standards with a nonpoint source emphasis. A
reduction of $500,000 is the result of a disinvestment in a Congressional earmark
from 1997.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,264,300 and 40.6 total wo.rkyears for
1997. Major activities within this program component are; Tribal/EPA Agreements
with a request of $666,100 and 9.5 total workyears; outreach, training, and
development with a request of $1,566,500 and 12.2 total workyears; and, Indian
General Assistance Program grants management with a request of $1,328,300 and
18.9 total workyears.
Tribal /EPA Agreements are joint efforts between headquarters programs,
AIEO, Regional offices, and over 500 tribal governments, to put in place
agreements that identify long- and short-term priorities for environmental
protection on tribal lands . These agreements will determine future resources
investment allocation.
Outreach/training/development enables the American Indian Environmental
office to better assist tribes as they develop their own environmental management
capabilities .
GAP grants management resources are used to provide technical and
programmatic guidance to tribes receiving GAP grants and to perform necessary
'financial and administrative functions .
Directive: The Agency is implementing the Congressional
directive per an appropriated earmark for tribal water projects in the State of
Washington in the amount of $500,000.
GREAT WATER BODIES
The Agency requests a total of $37,301,700 and 76.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Great Water Bodies program component.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
199 8 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $19,683,000 and 16.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Chesapeake Bay program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Chesapeake Bay Program (GBP) will develop, implement and monitor
interstate management plans for pollution prevention and control activities to
improve the water quality habitat in the Bay Region. This will be accomplished
by integrating efforts for addressing point and nonpoint sources of pollution
from air, water and land-based sources through the watershed and airshed approach
and by coordinating with both state and Federal natural resources agencies, local
governments, land managers and various stakeholders.
The CBP will evaluate, and communicate the progress of these interstate
plans by using quantifiable environmental goals and indicators for the nutrient,
toxics, habitat, living resources and land stewardship aspects of the program.
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The CBP will evaluate the progress of these interstate plans using
quantifiable environmental goals and indicators of nutrients, toxics and living
resources aspects of the program. The Program will conduct a major reevaluation
of the progress towards its goal, set in 1987, of reducing nutrients entering
Chesapeake Bay by 40% by 2000. Staff will continue to address the commitments
of the Chesapeake Bay Basinwide Toxics Reduction and Prevention Strategy of 1994.
Recommendations will be made to the Chesapeake Executive Council for new or
refined goals and strategies to improve water quality and living resource
conditions of the Bay, Regular public reports will continue to provide
information on the state of the Bay and what citizens can do to reduce pollution
at the source.
By funding fish passage projects identified with in the Habitat Restoration
Strategy, CBP will work to achieve the five and ten-year goals for stream miles
opened to migratory fish. In addition, wetlands and oyster reef habitat
restoration and the creation and implementation of a riparian forest buffer
policy will yield progress in restoring critical habitat in the basin.
Congressional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives per appropriated earmarks, including: Chesapeake Bay Oyster
Demonstration Project ($100,000).
GRKME IAKBSNUTIONAI. PROgRjMiQEFICE
1991 PROGRAMSEQPSST
The Agency requests a total of $13,326,400 and 46.2 total workyears for
1998 in the Great Lakes National Program Office.
MAJQR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Environmental Indicators
with a request of $5,291,200 and 12.2 total workyears; Integrated Data Management
with a request of $1,513,700 and 6.0 total workyears; Toxics Reduction with a
request of $3,069,400 and 9.0 total workyears; Habitat Protection and Restoration
with a request of $1,641,300 and 3.5 total workyears; and Program Coordination
and Evaluation with a request of $1,368,500 and 15.5 total workyears.
The Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will foster and coordinate
implementation of the ecosystem approach in the Great Lakes by its Federal,
state, tribal, and local partners, fully implementing a "community-based"
approach. GLNPO and its partners will act consistently with goals of the Great
Lakes Five Year Strategy and the Agency' s Strategic Plan.
GLNPO will lead collaborative efforts for more effective air and water
monitoring in all five Great Lakes for toxics and nutrient loadings. GLNPO will
report results of modeling scenarios from the monitoring of Lake Michigan air,
water, sediments, and biota (the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study, or "LMMB") ,
supporting the Great Waters provision of the Clean Air Act and §118 of the Clean
Water Act,- This will enable the Agency and its partners to determine how to
further reduce Great Lakes pollutants. The joint GLNPO/Canadian atmospheric
deposition network (including air monitoring stations on each Great Lake) will
provide trend and baseline data to support and target remedial efforts and
measure environmental progress under Remedial Action Plans (RAJPs) and Lakewide
Management Plans (LAMPs). GLNPO, with its Canadian counterparts, will prepare
for the following year's biennial State of the .Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC)
which will bring together over 400 representatives of the public and private
sectors to facilitate decision-making based upon sound environmental information.
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New efforts, and possibly corrective measures, will likely be implemented based
on the results of the 1997 Nutrient Reduction Strategy Reevaluation, and its
recommendations for achieving the year 2000 nutrient reduction goal.
Recommendations will be made to the Chesapeake Executive Council for new or
refined goals and strategies to improve water quality and living resources
conditions of the Bay, Expanded public awareness programs and public access to
Bay restoration information will be a major focus. This will be accomplished
through regular public reports, continued maintenance of Internet information
resources, and the maintenance of the Chesapeake Information Management System
in accordance with a directive of the Chesapeake Executive Council. These
communications will be aimed at providing information on the State of the Bay
and what citizens can do to reduce pollution at the source.
The CBP will work directly with state and local governments to meet the
commitments of the ten tributary strategies for nutrient reduction adopted from
1994-1996. Increased efforts will be made to further involve and expand the role
of local governments in the CBP. Some of these efforts will be aimed at
improving nutrient reductions at Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).
Implementation of nonpoint source projects on farmlands and urban areas will
continue to yield nutrient reductions meant to meet tributary specific and Bay-
wide environmental goals. New technologies and approaches will be supported for
point and nonpoint source controls to close the gap between goals and current
progress. In addition, efforts will focus on linking air deposition sources of
nitrogen and toxics pollution to the health of the Bay and developing cost
effective control strategies.
EPA will continue to address the commitments of the Chesapeake Bay
Basinwide Toxics Reduction and Prevention Strategy of 1994. The 1998 obligations
include: implementation of management actions (reduction, prevention, protection,
assessment) for designated geographical areas; revision of the basinwide toxics
loading and release inventory; establishment of reductions goals for atmospheric
deposition, urban stormwater, and acid mine drainage loadings to the Bay,-
establishment of water quality and/or sediment quality criteria for the
designated Bay Toxics of Concern; implementing Business for the Bay, a pollution
prevention program; and reporting progress on implementing the Strategy.
By funding identified fish passage projects, CBP will work to achieve the
five and ten-year goals for stream miles opened to migratory fish. Efforts will
be increased to ensure that the 1998 goal of the reopening of 582 miles of
migratory fish spawning habitat will be met. Most of these projects will include
funding from both private and public sources. In addition, wetlands, stream and
forest restoration, oyster reef habitat restoration and the implementation of a
riparian forest buffer policy will yield progress toward restoring critical
habitat in the basin.
EXgMJTATION OF CHANGE -S87.9K
A $100,000 decrease reflects the disinvestment of an earmark from 1997.
The amount also reflects a slight increase of $12,100 to cover personnel costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $19,770,900 and 16.8 total workyears for
the Chesapeake Bay Program. The CBP will develop, implement and monitor
interstate management plans for pollution prevention and control activities to
improve water quality and living resource conditions. This will be accomplished
by integrating efforts for addressing point and nonpoint sources of pollution
from air, water and land-based sources throughout the watershed and by
coordinating with both state and Federal natural resources agencies, land
managers and various stakeholders.
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GLNPO will expand public access to additional Great Lakes environmental
information via the Internet, making the LMMB database publicly accessible on-
line. GLNPO will also expand the Great Lakes monitoring database to projects
beyond the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study.
GLNPO, with its partners, will begin removing contaminated sediments
through demonstrations at sites at 2 of the 31 U.S. and binational Areas of
Concern (AOCs) whose contaminated sediments pollute their rivers and harbors.
In this effort, GLNPO will use expertise from its' Assessment and Remediation of
Contaminated Sediments program. Staff will provide their sediment expertise
throughout the Basin. In addition, GLNPO will do field work and provide funding
for sediment assessments and remedial design to state and local groups at 6 AOCs
(3 of them not previously assessed) . Such assistance will thus have been
provided at 28 of the 31 AOCs since this program began.
Consistent with the habitat goals of the Five Year Strategy, GLNPO will
support the efforts of states, tribes, and local communities to protect and
restore important habitats identified in the Great Lakes biodiversity report of
The Nature Conservancy (TOO and SOLEC habitat papers. Up to 8 new projects will
impact 5,000 acres supporting healthy and diverse species and communities,
emphasizing habitats important for biodiversity and ecological integrity (such
as those necessary for endangered and threatened species). GLNPO and its
partners will continue a significant sustainable development demonstration in the
ecologically and economically diverse southern Lake Michigan area and sponsor an
ecological protection/restoration workshop, and publish a related report.
GLNPO will begin 3 projects for reduction of toxic substances consistent
with the 1997 Canada-U.S. Strategy for the Virtual Elimination of Persistent
Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes Basin (Binational Strategy or BNS). The BNS
sets targets and time frames for reducing targeted persistent toxic substances
from the Great Lakes, through voluntary and regulatory actions. Community-based
projects and actions will help state and local governments and non-governmental
organizations to achieve reductions of toxic substances. In addition, GLNPO will
continue to support national, regional, and state mercury and PCB reduction
activities.
Working with new partners and by funding priority projects, GLNPO will
begin implementing a program to deal with non-indigenous species, the greatest
ecological threat to the Great Lakes not being addressed by the Agency. Projects
are expected to focus on prevention and control, ecological impacts, geographic
extent, and information/outreach.
GLNPO, Regions, states, and local communities will strategically target
reductions of critical pollutants through Remedial Action Plans for Areas of
Concern and through Lakewide Management Plans for Lakes Ontario, Michigan,
Superior, and Erie. Together, GLNPO and Environment Canada will continue to
address the binational environmental priorities of the Great Lakes, especially
those resulting from the Binational Virtual Elimination Strategy. GLNPO and its
partners will continue to pursue reduction strategies for problem chemicals such
as toxaphene-like contamination {which recently justified Lake Superior fish
consumption advisories. GLNPO will continue to meet specific requirements for
reporting to Congress and the International Joint Commission regarding progress
under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE 4-0.9 FTE +S231.4K
The workyear increase is in support of an effort to begin implementing a
program to address non-indigenous species in the Great Lakes. The presence on
non-indigenous species pose significant potential harm to the Great Lakes Region.
The funding increase supports the additional 0.9 total workyears as well as the
45.3 base workyears.
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $13,095,000 and 45.3 total workyears for
the Great Lakes National Program Office, Major activities within this program
component are: Environmental Indicators with $5,245,600 and 12.2 total
workyears; Integrated Data Management with $1,491,300 and 6,0 total workyears;
Toxics Reduction with $3,016,100 and 8.7 total workyears; Habitat Protection and
Restoration with $1,628,200 and 3.5 total workyears; and Program Coordination and
Evaluation with $1,271,500 and 14.9 total workyears.
GLNPO is continuing to promote, coordinate, and implement Great Lakes
ecosystem protection and restoration. Information about Lake Michigan air,
water, sediments, and biota is being interpreted and reported through the Lake
Michigan Mass Balance Study, thus enabling the Agency and its partners to target
cost-effective pollutant reduction strategies. The joint GLNPO/Canadian
atmospheric deposition network (including air monitoring stations on each Great
Lake) is providing trend and baseline .data to support and target remedial efforts
and measure environmental progress under Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and
Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs). GLNPO, with its Canadian counterparts, is
reporting on environmental indicators in the biennial State of the Lakes
Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC), bringing together over 400 representatives of the
public and private sectors to facilitate decision-making based upon sound
envi ronraental information.
GULV Of MEXICO PROGRAM
1398 PRQflRAM REOPEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,292,300 and 13.8 total workyears for 1998
in the Gulf of Mexico Program program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Community-based
Ecosystem Protection and Restoration activities: Hypoxia Management, Shellfish
Growing Water Restoration, Critical Habitat Protection and Restoration, and
Foreign Species and Organisms Control with a request of $1,918,900 and 7.0 total
workyears. In addition, $1,918,000 and 5.0 total workyears are requested to
support state and Local Technical Assistance Community Programs and Project
Implementation, and State and Local Capacity Building.
The Gulf of Mexico Program (GMP) will focus its broad regional partnership
on three critical management goals: (1) Protecting human health and the food
supply; (2) Maintaining and enhancing the sustainability of the Gulf's living
resources; and (3) Maintaining and improving Gulf habitats that support living
resources. Within these goals the GMP will focus on four priority threats to the
ecological and economic health of the regions Gulf hypoxia (large areas of
depleted oxygen), shellfish growing water contamination, critical habitat
degradation, and transfers of deleterious foreign organisms. Strategic planning
and assessment; integrated environmental indicator tracking and analysis; and
community education, outreach and reporting activities will be concentrated in
these four areas. State and local technical assistance will be directed toward
community programs and project implementation and state and local capacity
building. GMP is targeting watershed specific state, Federal, and local
partnership efforts to address these issues, as well as the development of a Gulf
state regional network of state environmental liaisons. Program and financial
management activities will involve strengthening fiscal controls and project
reviews.
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EXPLANATION OF CJJMTSB;. +.0.2 FTB ±$176.OK
The Agency is requesting an increase of $176,000 from 1997 for the Gulf of
Mexico Program for personnel related costs focusing on community-based ecosystem
protection and restoration projects. In 1998, GMP will step up its efforts to
implement community-based, watershed projects and public information priorities.
The Agency will direct funding toward initiating community-based watershed
projects in cooperation with .state, Federal, and local partnership efforts to
restore impaired water in critical areas and to reduce nitrogen loading. In
addition, this program will work with Gulf communities to target shellfish
growing water restoration areas. One estuarine watershed project in each of the
five Gulf States will be designed to restore the water quality to harvestable
standards.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,116,300 and 13.6 total workyears for
the Gulf of Mexico Program. Major activities and objectives for 1997 within the
Gulf of Mexico Program are preventing adverse health effects by increasing the
number of shellfish beds available for safe harvesting by 10%; preventing human
exposure to pathogens in coastal waters by preventing their input and by reducing
physical contact; protecting the Gulf from the deleterious effects of nutrient
enrichment; reducing the impact on important fisheries by preventing the
introduction of undesirable, non-indigenous species; and protecting and restoring
essential Gulf habitats. Hypoxia, Shellfish, Habitat, and Non-indigenous Foreign
Organisms Community-based Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Activities are the
major activities with $2,354,900 and 6.8 total workyears. Community Programs and
Project Implementation and State and Local Capacity Building are also supported
with $1,248,800 and 5.0 total workyears.
In ,1.997 the Gulf of Mexico Program is conducting local community proj ect.s
to restore and reopen shellfish beds for safe harvesting in three important
shellfish growing areas in near coastal waters. These projects implement
recommendations contained in the strategic assessment conducted by the Gulf
Program in 1995 and 1996 and support local community efforts to identify and
implement specific actions to reopen shellfish areas. The Program identifies and
supports voluntary state and local community efforts in important Gulf state
watersheds to reduce nutrient loadings to the Mississippi River system by
supporting innovative land practices and instream habitat alterations and by
tracking key environmental indicators to measure progress. The Program continues
to assist state, regional, Federal and non-government voluntary actions
throughout the Mississippi River basin to reduce nutrient loadings and discharges
in order to eliminate their impact on the Gulf's near coastal waters. The
Program works with Gulf state and port authorities and with national efforts to
prevent the economic and ecological impact of undesirable•species introductions
into Gulf coastal and estuarine waters through demonstration projects targeting
voluntary ship ballast management and ship ballast redesign alternatives. The
Gulf Program evaluates the environmental results achieved through projects
undertaken to protect and restore critical Gulf habitat and redirect support into
on-the-ground projects that show "the greatest environmental benefit for the least
cost.
To ensure strong Gulf state leadership in the Gulf of Mexico Program, the
Gulf Program Office supports state liaison positions responsible for coordinating
and communicating intra-state interests in •the goals and objectives of the
Program and marshaling state capabilities to achieve those goals in state coastal
watersheds and marine waters. The Gulf Program continues to actively involve the
public by developing state-of-the-art information management and communication
capabilities to ensure broad public access to important environmental and
economic information. The Gulf Program enhances its partnership with the Gulf
2-285
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National Estuary Programs by assisting in the development and implementation of
Comprehensive Conservation Management Plans. In addition, the Program continues
to provide technical data management support to South Florida for the development
and implementation of South Florida ' s integrated environmental information
program.
WATER PROGRAM
19 98 gROSRAM
The Agency requests a total of $5,616,400 and 49.8 total wofkyears in '1998
for the National Water Program Management program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES.
The 1998 request will continue to support development of national policy
and implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Office of Water
(QW) authorizing statutes. Specifically, these resources are used to: develop
and/ or analyze legislative initiatives and program policies; provide •management
direction to organizations performing Office of Water functions,- and manage
national strategic planning for water programs. The staff leads reinvention
efforts within OW, including reinvention/reengineering of regulations, the Common
Sense Initiative, Project XL for facilities and communities. Urban Initiative,
and Sustainable Development Challenge Grants . The staff serves -as liaison with
other Federal and outside agencies; manages the OW- Regional Management Agreement
Accountability Systems (including Regional evaluations) ; develops OW program
plans and budgets for implementation of Agency policies and programs; tracks
budget expenditures; and participates in the discussions leading to implementing
an Agency strategy to address the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)
requirements. In addition, the staff provides quality control of regulations
produced by OW; provides administrative support to the program offices, Great
Water Body programs and Regions; monitors and evaluates program performance; and
manages human resources within OW. The staff also develops communications
strategies and a variety of outreach activities related to Water Quality and
Drinking Water issues. The staff coordinates information technology improvements
across OW and manages efforts to streamline data collection in the national water
program.
QF CHftggB:l|, +0.3 , ,f Tj +S2S2.7K
The 1998 budget request reflects an increase of 1 . 0 total workyear for the
management of Sustainable Development Challenge Grants and a decrease of 0.7
total workyears to support the Agency's administrative reform efforts. An
increase of $252,700 reflects increased personnel costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,363,700 and 49.5 total workyears for
the National Water Program Management program component,
This program supports the Assistant Administrator (AA) for the Office of
Water (OW) and staff, who perform a variety of management functions. These
include program and management guidance including long-range planning; ensuring
consistency among OW program offices and regions; serving as liaison with other
Agency programs, executive and legislative branches, states, Indian tribes, and
private organizations. The AA and staff also participate in developing an Agency
strategy to address GPRA requirements; manage the formulation and execution of
2-286
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the budget, and the evaluation of program plans; ensure effective management of
Headquarters and Regional programs ; and review policy recommendations and
proposed regulations.
This program coordinates OW's resource management policies and operations.
As the Agency develops streamlining initiatives and workforce skills assessments,
this office leads OW's role in shaping and participating in those activities.
The office guides Water's grants and contracts programs, which are a significant
portion of the Agency's budget, and develops innovative programs to pilot new
approaches and assess current practices in resource management. The office is
taking an Agency lead on several human resource activities and is working closely
with responsible Agency offices on establishing guidance in response to changes
in Federal personnel management policies. The program also coordinates OW's
significant new role in right-to-know information initiatives and develops Water
information strategies .
This program also develops communications strategies and supports a variety
of outreach activities related to Water Quality and Drinking Water issues. It
also supports development of economic analyses of water programs, initiates use
of market -based approaches, coordinates the Common Sense Initiative, and reviews
selection of Project XL pilots for communities and facilities.
REGIONAL WORKING CAPITAL FUND; OW
1998 PROGRAM RSQPEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,419,200 in 1998 for the Regional Working
Capital Fund-OW program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
This program, component contains funde formerly carried in the Office of
Administration and Resources Management (OARM) and used to support Water Quality
and Drinking Water Program needs. Services funded through this account support
a wide variety of Regional needs in the telecommunications, data processing, and
postage areas.
The requested resources will pay for program postage costs that provide all
routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and
Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered
and certified mail and pouch mail . Requested funds will also provide on-going
data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These services
are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network
Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe
computing capacity, investments in network services and investments in technical
consulting services,
i Qg CHANGE ; No Change
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,419,200 for the Regional Working
Capital Fund-OW program component.
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1997 is the first year of implementation of the Agency's Working Capital
Fund. Under the fund, EPA offices enter into service agreements with the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) to provide a wide variety of
data processing, telecommunications, and postage services. Through the use of
these service agreements, an office's administrative expenditures are tied
directly to their utilization of those services. Examples of services being
purchased through the Working Capital Fund in 1997 are local and long distance
phone service/ mainframe computing services, and certain postage services.
2-288
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
B ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM i MANAGEMENT
C9JCH1A Multimedia Research
101 Ecosystems Protection {Ecosys Pcot)
C5XD1A Hazardous Waste Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
111 New Technology and Pollution Prevention
10 AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
3HXS5A Office of International Activities
201 Environmental Technology
3HXS5A Office of International Activities
R1XR5A Mission and Policy Management
202 Management and Program Support
3HXS5A Office of International Activities
L1XH2A Environmental Border Activities
V9XSSA COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION
203 U.S. -Border Programs
3HXSSA Office of International Activities
204 International Partnerships
3HXS5A Office of International Activities
205 Global and Regional Envir. Risk Reduction
25 AA INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
11XA2A Emission Standards fi Technology Assessment
13XA2A State Program Policy Guidelines s Air Standards Development
1F1A2A AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDAROS
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
23XA2F Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
24XA2F Air Quality c Emissions Data Management t Analysis
2TXR5A MISSION .( POLICY - MR AND RADIATION
A5XA2B Mobile Source Program Implementation
. HT3CA2B Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization
HUKA2B Testing, Technical « Administrative Support
HVXA2B Emissions S Fuel Economy Compliance
V2XA2C TRIBAL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
001 OZONE/CO/NOX
11XA2A Emission Standards c Technology Assessment
13XA2A State Program Policy Guidelines t. Air Standards Development
1F1A2A AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
23XA2F Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
24XA2F Air Quality c Emissions Data Management ', Analysis
V2XA2C TRIBAL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
003 PM/VISIBILITY/REGIONAL HAZE/LEAD
11XA2A Emission Standards 4 Technology Assessment
13XA2A State Program Policy Guidelines fi Air Standards Development
1F1A2A MR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
23XA2P Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
24XA2F Air Quality < Emissions Data Management < Analysis
HVXA2B Emissions fi Fuel Economy Compliance
FY 1996
OPLAN
1,960.0
1,960.0
0.0
340.0
340.0
2,300.0
194. S
194.5
668. 5
694.1
1,362.6
2,272.5
3,247.1
3,103.4
B, 623.0
4,102.5
4,102.5
3,049.3
3,049.3
17,331.9
1,310..9
8,223.4
0.0
11,610.1
4,965.2
14,024.0
5,748.8
3,065.5
2,715.7
4,362.8
2,937.6
347.3
59,311.3
57.6
4,008.2
0.0
5,632.0
817.7
1,561.3
0.0
12,076.8
25,169.6
771.6
0.0
3,283,6
0.0
7,337,1
3,791.8
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4,507.8
4,507.8
1,056,0
661. B
1,720.8
2,764.8
2,651.6
5,083.1
10,499.5
3,426.5
3,426.5
2,475.1
2,475.1
22,629.7
1,352.6
10,247.0
0.0
12,ZB3.0
5,376.9
15,390.1
5,093.4
4,100.5
0.0
3,319.2
2,316.1
2,837.3
62,316.1
254.0
4,438.7
0.0
2,458.0
802.6
2,306.2
500.0
11,261.5
33,854.4
566.2
0.0
3,598.8
0.0
7,094.3
4,680.4
FY 1997
ENACTED
0.0
0.0
300.0
0.0
300.0
300.0
207. B
207. a
859.2
847.6
1,706.8
1,889. a
2,635.7
3,083.1
7,608.6
3,980.1
3,980.1
2,654.2
2,654.2
16,157.5
2,256.8
7,890.4
0.0
13,478.8
4,869.3
14,086.8
4,783.2
3,510-3
0.0
7,764.9
2,311.2
2,231.7
63,183.4
255.9
3,233.4
0.0
4,947.1
744.2
3,091.7
943.6
13,215.9
31,347.3
498.2
0.0
3,582.8
0,0
6,158.2
4,677.9
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
222.8
222.8
888.8
750.0
1,638.8
2,000.0
2,698.9
3,089.1
7,788.0
2,920.0
2,920.0
4,468.2
4,468.2
17,037.8
0.0
0.0
42,481.0
12,808.4
5,260.0
0.0
5.009.J
4,165.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,534.0
72,257.7
0.0
0.0
7,017.8
2,563.1
1,322.2
0.0
1,149.1
12,052.4
0.0
0.0
37,693.5
3,996.3
172.5
0..0
0.0
004 MR TOXICS
40,353.7
49,794.1
46,264.4
41,862.3
2-289
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPRO?, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, fS
APPROP/NPM/PROGRSM COMPONENT/PE
13XA2A State Program Policy Guidelines & Air Standards Development
1F1A2A AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
- 24XA2F Air Quality « Emissions Data Management t Analysis
005 PEHHIIS/PSD/NSR/CSI
11XA2A Emission Standards £ Technology Assessment
13XA2A State Program Policy Guidelines ,£ Air Standards Development
1F1A2A AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
24XA2F Air Quality « Emissions Data Management £ Analysis
YFXA2H Acid Rain Program
006 ACID RAIN/SOZ
F7XA2H STRATOSPHERIC OZONE PROTECTION PROGRAM
008 STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
YKXAZH Global Change Program
009 CLIMATE CHANGE
5A1A2H Indoor Environment Program
S2XF2R Radon Action Program
TKXF2D Radon Action Program implementation
TLXF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
YGXA2H Indoor Air program
25XA2H Indoor Environments Program
010 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards t Guidelines
K2XF20 Waste Isolation Pilot
SYXF2D Radiation Program Implementation
TLKF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Oil RADIATION
1F1A2A AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
24XA2F Air Quality & Emissions Data Management c Analysis
5A1A2H Indoor Environment Program
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards £ Guidelines
TOXA5A Working Capital Fund - Air
W7XF5A Working Capital Fund - Radiation
013 WORKING CAPITAL FUND
30 AA AIR I RADIATION
63XC2B Drinking Water Criteria
67XC2C Special Studies « Demonstrations
UHXC2B Drinking Water Implementation
021 DRINKING WATER
67XC2C Special Studies « Demonstrations
MMXC2E Ground-Hater Protection '•
NAXD2B RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water
022 SOURCE WATER PROTECTION
7XXB2D Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Applications
023 WQ CRITERIA, STANDARDS £ APPLICATIONS
46XE2B Engineering and Analysis
024 EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
49XS2D Ocean Disposal Permits
MLXB2F Coastal Environment Management
FY 1996
OPLAN
2,668.2
0.0
6,812.2
442.8
9,923.2
72. 6
449-0
0.0
846.3
1,698.9
9,783.0
12,849.8
16,306.9
16,306.9
47,417.0
47,417.0
0.0
9,140.9
1,942.7
179.9
7,5B6.6
0.0
18,850.1
12,331.5
4,533.8
1,032.1
858.1
18,757.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,0.0
235,848.3
3,946.3
4,930.2
34,436.8
43,313.3
1,835.0
IB, 775. 9
1,030.8
21,641.7
IB, 401. 2
1B,«01.2
22,058.0
22,058.0
7,941.4
35,7B4.5
FY 1997
PIES. BUD.
2,406.9
0.0
7,172.7
495. 6
10,075.2
153.2
260.0
0.0
848.8
1,3B5,2
12,369,6
15,016.B
24,151.3
24., 151.3
82,014.2
82,,014.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
12S.O
0.0
20,714.1
20,839.1
9,857.7
6,451.7
8B4.7
1,224.6
18,418.7
0.0
9,497.5
0.0
1,799.3
1,951.2
73.4
13,321.4
307,208.4
4,639.2
4,584.0
31,366.4
40,589.6
1,728.0
20,202.9
517.2
22,448.1
22,009.2
22,009.2
23,538.0
23,538.0
7,441.2
30.BS5.8
FY 1997
ENACTED
2,235.0
0.0
6,916.6
1,113.3
10,264.9
0.0
256.9
0.0
845.0
0.0
11,159.3
12,261.2
16,218.2
16,218.3
49,342.6
49,342.6
17,929.7
0.0
0.0
787.2
0.0
0.0
18,716.9
9,618.6
5,370.4
854. B
558.5
16,402.3
0.0
7,127.7
319.2
429.5
2,091.6
70.2
10,038.2
255,906.0
5,324.7
10,491.0
47,124.9
62,940.6
3,574.9
ZO.577.7
525.2
24,677.8
19,909.1
19,909.1
22,610.0
22,610.0
7,050,0
29,194.3
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
4,289.4
5,391.4
0.0
9,683.8
0.0
0-0
155.5
861.3
0.0
11, 925. B
12,942.6
25,903.4
25,903.4
91,941.7
91,941.7
19,650.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
19,650,2
9,834.5
5,388.2
903.7
220.4
16, 346. 8
7,127.7
0.0
319.2
429.5
2,091.6
70.2
10,038.2
312,679.1
6,986.8
4.5B4.0
62,299.1
73,869.9
1,714,9
21,134.0
510.9
23,359.8
20,292.2
20,292.2
25,707.4
25,707.4
7,433.2
28,792.7
025 COASTAL 5 MARINE PROGRAMS
43,725.9
38,297.0
36,244-3
36,225.9
2-290
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPK, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENTVPE
GMXB2D Wetlands Protection
026 WETLANDS PROGRAM
P2XB2F Assessment and 'Watershed 'Protection
027 ASSESSMENT f NONPOINT SOURCE PROGRAM
V4XB2D WATER QUALITY FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
028 WATER QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING
V3XB2D WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY
029 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT t PERMITTING
W1XH2A American Indian Environmental Office
030 AMERICAN INDIAN ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT
42XB2A Great Lakes Program
44XB2A Chesapeake Bay Program
MLXB2F Coastal Environment Management
031 GREAT WATER BODIES
2UXR5A Program Management - Water
032 NATIONAL WATER PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
W3XB5A Working Capital Fund - Water Quality
W4XCSA Working Capital Fund - Drinking Water
033 REGIONAL HQRKING CAPITAL FUND
40 AA WATER
3A1S5A Resource Management ~ HQ
21XS5A Resource Management - Headquarters
24XS5A Resource Management - Regions
Z4XT5A Resource Management - Regions
14 1 Resource Management
45 PLANNING, BUDGETING S ACCOUNT
3QX35A Organization and Health Services
3RXS5A Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters
3VXS5A Facilities Management and Services
3WXS5A Information Systems & Services
7D1S5A Management Services & Stewardship - EPA
GSXR5A Program Management ~ Administration and Resources Manage
MKXSSA Human Resources Management ~ Headquarters
121 Management .Services and Stewardship
1E1X5A Essential Infrastructure - EPM
3LXX5A Professional Training
4QCX5A Nationwide Support Services 1
4DXX5A Headquarters Support Services
4HXX5A Automated Data Processing Support Services
M1XS5A
122 Essential Infrastructure
Y6XXSA WCF - PAN / BRAC 4
123 Working Capital Fund
4AXT5A Human Resources Management - Regions
4BXT5A Administrative Management - Regions
SE1TSA Management Services i Stewardship - EPM REG
YDXT5A Contract 5 Grants Management - RT
124 Management Services and Stewardship - Regions
126 Working Capital Fund - Regions
FY 1996
OPLAN
17,042.9
17,042.9
43,795.5
43,795.5
29,564.6
29,564.6
32,994.8
32,994.8
3,683.8
3,683.8
14,923.6
21,101.4
4,350.6
40,375.6
5,948.5
5,948.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
322, 5»5. 8
0.0
22.S03.0
6,878.3
0.0
29,681-3
29,681.3
3,461.2
18,323.9
9,361.4
17,338.9
0.0
ment 3,016.0
14,218.3
65,719.7
0.0
643. 8
126,516.0
50,294.2
0.0
542.4
177,996.4
63,695.2
63,695.2
5,988.1
13,566.4
0.0
7,989.4
27,543.9
0.0
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
1 = , 163. S
15,463.8
36,, 777. 4
36,777.4
26,704-2
26,704.2
47,20,5.7
47,205.7
3,679.9
3,679.9
13,451.9
20,022.9
4,732.5
38,207.3
5,764.1
5,764.1
2,406.6
724.4
3,131.0
323,815.3
0..0
23,387.2
6,497.6
0.0
29,884.8
29,984.8
1,982.9
20,980.1
11,878.2
19,706.9
0.0
4,244.2
15,011.0
73,803.3
0.0
1,249.8
150,190.0
67,040.7
0.0
0.0
218,480.5
13,930.0
13,930.0
5,774.9
13,847.0
0.0
8,720.6
28,342.5
1,680.6
FY 1997
ENACTED
18,519.1
18,519.1
47,169.2
47,169.2
31,547.0
31,547.0
33,769.1
33,769.1
4,264.3
4,264.3
13,095,0
19,770.9
4,116.3
36,982.2
5,363.7
5,363.7
2,641.5
777,7
3,419.2
347,415.6
34,430.9
0.0
0.0
6,107.4
10,538.3
40,538.3
2,443.8
19,»69.B
10,836.8
12,653.7
0.0
3,649.1
14,510.2
64,063.4
0.0
1,245.2
121,409.3
67,981.3
361.5
0.0
190,997.3
S.821.5
5,821.5
5,726.0
14,472.4
0.0
8,575.1
28,773.5
1,951.8
FY 1998
REQUEST
15,153.1
15,153.1
45,944.3
45,944.3
24,513.6
24,513.6
42,315.5
42,315. 5
4,207.3
4,207.3
13,326.4
19,683.0
4,292.3
37,301.7
5,616.4
S, 616.1
2,641.5
777.7
3,419.2
357,926.3
.35,084.6
0.0
0.0
6,450.0
41,534.5
41,534.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
64,668.5
0.0
0.0
,64,668.5
195,349.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
195,349.3
5,821.5
5,821.5
0.0
0.0
29,723.0
0,0
29,723.0
1,951.3
2-291
-------
Y9XH5A Executive Steering Committee
4EXX5A Regional Support Services
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
X1XTS0 Working Capital Fund - Regional Management
132 Executive Steering Committee for ISM
50 AA ADMIN £ RESOURCES MGT
3DXS5A Immediate Office Of The Administrator
3EX5SA Administrator's Representation Fund.
3JXS5A Office pf Civil Rights
3MXS5A Science Advisory Board
3NXS5A Office of Administrative Law Judges
3XXT5A Regional Management
DZXSSA Office of Small & Disadvantage^ Business Utilization
HGXS5A Office Of Congressional and Legislative Affairs
HYXS5A Communications, Education and Public Affairs
JTX5SA Office Of Executive Support
LVXS5A Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations
P2XS5A Office of Executive Secretariat (OEX)
P3XH2A Environmental Education Program
TNXH2E Office Of Cooperative Environmental Management
221 MANAGERIAL SUPPORT
3DXS5A Immediate Office Of The Administrator
3MXS5A Science Advisory Board
3NXS5A Office of Administrative Law Judges
3XXT5A Regional Management
D2XS5A Office of Small * Disadvantaged Business Utilization
HGXS5A Office Of Congressional and Legislative Affairs
222 TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY
3XXT5A Regional Management
A9XS5A Environmental Education Foundation
HVXS5A Communications, Education and Public Affairs
P2XS5A Office of Executive Secretariat (OEX)
P3XH2A Environmental Education Program.
223 IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3XXTSA Regional Management
P6X55A Risk: Assessment and Management Commission
DZXS5A Office of Small « Disadvantaged Business Utilization
F5XH5A Analytical Environmental Services
J1XH2A Regional Multi-media Programs
LVXS5A Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations
THXH2E Office Of Cooperative Environmental Management
224 TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO STATES, TRIBES £ LOCALS
6.0 ADMINISTRATOR/ STAFF
2VXR5A Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances
041 Mission and Policy
93KE2K Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
012 Registration
93XE2K Registration;, Special Registration, and Tolerances
JRXE2M Generic Chemical Review
043 Re registration and Special Review (
93XE2K Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
JRXE2M Generic Chemical Review
URXE2A Peaticides Program Implementation
W6XE5A Working Capital Fund - Pesticides
044 Field Programs and External Activities
5,543.9
51,039.1
51,039.1
0.0
5,543.9
391,538.2
5,207.1
9.4
2,325.2
0.0
0.0
11,715.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,975.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21,232.6
979.5
1,773.3
1,825.0
1,749-B
1,117.3
2,813.9
10, ,258. 8
6,351.7
564.3
4,478.7
1,176.3
7,801.6
20,,373.1
1,906.2
1,046.6
306.3
2,648.4
17,109.7
2.680.4
2,486.2
28,183.8
80,048.3
3,516.0
3,516.0
19,584.9
19,584.9
920.5
26,429.4
27,349.9
1,360.2
4,961.2
5,523.9
0.0
29,629.4
52,510.3
52,510.3
1,680.6
29,829.4
418,576.6
2,994.7
6.0
2,722.7
75.0
90.0
8,873.9
50.0
90.0
120.0
1,526.4
90.0
100.0
10.0
60.0
16,808.7
1,029.5
2,233.3
2,689.6
1,B72.5
609.8
3,040.2
11,474.9
7,631.8
780.0
5,458.2
1,406.4
8,608.5
23,8,84.9
2,424.8
0.0
477.1
2,666.3
26,174.8
2,645.6
1,675.5
36,064.1
SB, 232. 6
4,061.6
4,061.6
23,668.4
23,568.4
947.4
30,563.4
31,510.8
1,654.8
S, 396.0
10,639.8
285.4
29,621.9
45,721.2
45,721.2
1,951.8
29,621.9
366, 950. S
3,433.4
6.0
J.609.2
0.0
0.0
8,807.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,511.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16,397.8
941.3
2,497.1
2,509,3
1,702.0
1,237.2
,3,225.7
12,112.6
7,213.3
780.0
4,143.8
1,361.3
8,139.4
21,637.8
2,204.1
0.0
0.0
2,550.6
14,288.2
3,304.8
2,026.2
24,373.9
74,522.1
4,524.4
4,524.4
28,580.4
28,580.4
947.4
49,226.8
50,174.2
1,654.8
5,264.4
9,460.5
264.8
34,621.9
46,493.1
48,493.1
1,951.8
34,621.9
380,629.1
4,229.2
6.0
3,080.7
0.0
0.0
9,464.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,469.4
0.0
0.0
,0.0
0.0
18,249.6
970.0
2,41B.3
3,437.1
1,786-0
1,391.1
3,352.4
13,354.9
7,342.6
780.0
4,875.9
1,507.3
8,301. S
22,607.7
2,312.9
0.0
0.0
2,550.6
12,854.0
2,731.4
1,649.4
22,098.3
76,510.5
4,506.4
4,506.4
30,331.9
30,331.9
947.4
45,529.6
16,477.0
1,705.8
5,162.8
10,319.2
264.8
11,615.3
17,976.0
16,644.5
17,452.6
2-292
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FM8 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPRQP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
93XE2K Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
JRXE2M Generic Chemical- Review
URXE2A Pesticides Program Implementation
045 Environmental Partnerships
93XE2K Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
JRXE2M Generic Ciiemical Review
URJCE2A Pesticides Program Implementation
046 Pesticides Community Right to Know
V6XL2S NATIONAL PROGRAM CHEMICAL
047 Lead
V5XL2S CHEMICAL ASSESSMENTS AND MANAGEMENT PROSRAM
VKCL2S NATIONAL PROGRAM CHEMICAL
V7XH2F POLLUTION PREVENTION
W9XL5A Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substances
04 B Agenda for Toxics
UMXS5A Pollution Prevention State Grants
V7XH2F POLLUTION PREVENTION
049 Pollution Prevention Leadership
PSXL9G OPTS - EPCRA.
050 Community Right tp Know
70 AA PESTICIDES S TOXIC StIBST
8QXD2D Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies laapleraentat
W5XD5A Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste
281 Hazardous and Solid Waste Implementation
GLXR5A Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response
GQXD2B Regulations, Guidelines c Policies-Hazardous Waste
282 Direction of National Haz i. Solid Waste Programs
PCXD2B Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - UST
284 Prev, Detection, Correction of Releases from USTs
PUXD9G Emergency Planning/Community Right To Know
286 Accident Preparedness, Prev and Investigations
75 AA SOLID WASTE < EMERG RESPONS
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FFXC3A Drinking Water Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FLX13A Toxic Substances Enforcement i
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
PTXL3G OPTS - EPCRA - Enforcement
R2XH3A Regulatory Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector And Multimedia Compliance
Y1XB3A WETLAND PROTECTION ENFORCEMENT
YNXH3A Federal Facilities Enforcement
FY 1996
OPLAN
629.0
2,573.4
310.0
3,512.4
1,105.1
0.0
0.0
1,105.1
21,359.9
21,359.9
23,583.1
'5,743-T
2,945.8
0.0
32,272.6
0.0
12,738.0
12,738.0
25,330.9
25,330.9
158,615.0
62,594.8
0.0
62,594.6
5,462.2
58,581.7
64,043.9
6,722.4
6,722.4
11, 435. S
11,435.5
154,796.6
6,146.6
1,488.5
5,941.2
1,285.3
1,529.1
9,691.4
223.1
2,053.2
7,651.0
5.0
1,694.4
FY 1997
PKES. BUD.
1,384.6
2,008.5
345.5
3,738.6
0.0
0.0
1,114.0
1,114.0
17,041.0
17,041.0
28,759.2
10,482.2
651.2
292.2
40,184.8
0.0
16,017.2
16,017.2
25,780.2
25,780.2
180,992.6
65,783.7
2,162.3
67,946.,0
2,922.5
71,495.6
74,418.1
7,318.9
7,318.9
14,853.1)
14,853.0
164,536.0
6,867.5
1,592.0
6,448.1
733.8
1,578.3
8,450.6
332.6
4,284.7
6,902.0
5.0
1,429.4
FY 1997
ENACTED
1,361.6
2,058.0
345.5
5,788.1
991.0
910.0
0.0
1,901.0
16,204.4
16,204.4
2T,619.3
2,525.4
2,817.2
290.3
33,252.2
3,466.6
8,094.0
11,560.6
25,123.2
25,123.2
191,753.0
57,938.5
2,485.4
60,423.9
2,868.1
61,198.0
65,066.1
6,295.4
6,295.4
13,183.8
13,183.8
143,969.2
6,717.7
1,618.7
5,841.2
570.6
1,508.6
9,279.2
286.6
3,574.4
8,550.4
4.5
1,772.4
FY 1998
REQUEST
1,403.4
2,428.2
380.5
4,212.1
1,142.0
1,461.8
0.0
2,603.8
16,577.0
16,577.0
27,901.8
3,629.2
6,857.1
290.3
38,678.4
3,407.4
10,671.2
14,078.6
27,446.7
27.446.7
202,364.5
60,565.0
2,485.4
63,050.4
2,765.2
63,837.0
66,602.2
6,715.0
6,715.0
13, 858. a
13,858.8
150,226.4
7,062.7
1,618.1
6,880.0
699.5
3,061.2
9,685.7
313.5
4,393,0
9,564,3
5.0
1,109.1
OBI COMPLIANCE MONITORING
37,708.8
38,624.0
39,724.3
44,422.1
2-293
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FFXC3A Drinking Water Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FLXL3A Toxic Substances Enforcement
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy & Operations
PTXL3G OPTS - EPCHA - Enforcement
R2XH3A Regulatory Enforcement
Y1XB3A WETLAND PROTECTION ENFORCEMENT
082 CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy 5 Operations
NYXH3A Criminal Enforcement Program
OB3 CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FFXC3A Drinking Water Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FLXL3A Toxic Substances Enforcement
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
PTXL3G OPTS - EPCRA - Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector And Multimedia Compliance
R4XH3A Hazardous Waste-Site Remediation Enforcement
R6XH3A Enforcement and Capacity Outreach
Y1XB3A WETLAND PROTECTION ENFORCEMENT
YN3CH3A Federal Facilities Enforcement
084 COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FFJCC3A Drinking Water Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FLXL3A Toxic Substances Enforcement
GDXD3A .Hazardous Waste Enforcement
GKXR5A Program Management - Enforcement
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy 4 Operations
PTXL3G OPTS - EPCRA - Enforcement
R2XH3A 'Regulatory Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector And Multimedia Compliance
085 COMPLIANCE INCENTIVES
KKXH2A Environmental Review and Coordination
086 NBPA 'Implementation
J4XH5A Agency Environmental Justice
087 National Environmental Justice Program
FBCB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FFXC3A Drinking Water Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FLXL3A Toxic Substances Enforcement
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
GKXR5A Program Management - Enforcement
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy £ Operations
KXXH2A Environmental Review and Coordination
NYXH3A Criminal Enforcement Program
PTXL3G OPTS - EPCHA - Enforcement
R2JCH3A Regulatory Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector And Multimedia Compliance
R4XH3A Hazardous Waste-Site Remediation .Enforcement
R6XH3A Enforcement and Capacity Outreach
W8XH5A Working Capital Fund - Multi-Media
Y1XB3A WETLAND PROTECTION ENFORCEMENT
YNXH3A Federal Facilities Enforcement
088 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
BO AA ENFORCEMENT
FY 1996
OPLAN
9,934.9
2,772.7
8,765.3
1,191.1
2,196.0
19,277.1
16,487.2
424.4
13,623.9
556.5
75,232.1
2,354.3
16,501.1
18,855.4
1,,229,3
616.0
3,435.9
546.3
888.7
4,567.5
192.0
11,053.7
671.6
690.4
313.8
1,434.3
25,641.5
276.6
123.2
281 . 2
68.6
158.7
256.8
0.0
881.3
32.0
997.1
1,919.5
283 3
5,Z7B.S
7,279.8
7,279.8
6,826.1
6,826.1
3,196.3
720.7
1,749.2
692.2
1,091.8
6,418.8
1,547.2
1,101.6
2,153.6
690.0
128,0
2,361.1
9,792.6
179.4
5,689.-»
0.0
189.0
799.6
41,500.8
218,323.3
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
9,150.3
3,014.9
9,672.9
1,610.9
2,443.5
12,915.1
17,827.6
660.5
13,896.2
1,150.3
72,342.2
2,353.0
21,644.9
23,997.9
1,523.2
908.7
4,178.,3
580.6
909.9
3,538.7
204.3
11,878.7
502.9
806.0
485.3
1,322.6
26,839.2
304.9
149.3
29B.8
67.4
168.5
298.7
0.0
823.8
38.2
1,342.2
4,613.6
11 m n
f IV i *
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPBOP, HPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NEW PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
2XXH5A Regional Counsel
2YXHSA Office Of General Counsel
241 media legal resources
2XXH5A Regional Counsel
2YXH5A Office Of General Counsel
242 non~media legal resources
2XXH5A Regional Counsel
2YXHSA Office Of General Counsel
LTXR5A Program Management ~ General Counsel
243 Management and Program Support
85 GENERAL COUNSEL
, HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
181 Sprawl and development
3YXT5A Planning, Evaluation and Analysis :- Regions
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
192 CCAP
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
183 csi
3YXT5A Planning, Evaluation and Analysis — Regions
HFXS5A Strategic Planning and Data
184 Comparative Risk
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economic!*
185 Climate
3YXT5A Planning/ Evaluation and Analysis - Regions
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
HDXH5A Regulatory Development and CBEP
186 Project XL
HFXS5A Strategic Planning and Data
187 Environmental Information
HDXH5A Regulatory Development and CBEP
18B community based environmental protect*
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
189 environmental justice
GRXR5A Mission and Policy - Policy, Planning And Evaluation
HFXS5A Strategic Planning and Data .<
190 Management
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
HDXH5A Regulatory Development and CBEP
191 Rag Reinvention
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
192 Technology
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
193 Economics
FY 1996
OPLAN
1,945.0
8,835.2
13,780.2
2,043.2
3,109.0
5,152.2
1,125.1
2,951.1
913.0
4,989.5
23,921.9
984.4
984.4
0.0
18,886.2
18,886.2
6,045.7
6,045.7
0.0
3,142.9
3,142.9
4,774.0
4,77«.0
0.0
1,833.4
483.5
2,316.9
5,923.8
5,923.8
5,0,11,1
5,011.1
613.8
613.8
2,382,2
435.0
2,817.2
906.6
3,809.0
4,715.6
0.0
0.0
4,085.9
4,085.9
ft 1997
PBES. BUD.
S,130.3
9,792.2
14,922.5
2,119.7
4,030.3
6,150.0
1,210.1
4,235.2
936.2
«,381.5
27,454.0
789.4
789.4
182.1
33,793.5
33,975,6
5,718.4
5,718.4
0.0
3,13,5.5
3,135.5
5,606.9
5,606-9
0.0
1,899.0
648.1
2,547.1
4,752.3
4,752.3
6,461.3
6,161.3
519.7
519.7
3,686.2
1,892.9
5,579.1
0.0
3,290.2
3,290.2
15,357.1
15,357,1
6,856.2
«,856,2
FY 1997
ENACTED
5,495.9
9,939.4
15,435.3
2,208.0
4,041.5
6,249.5
1,203.0
3,973.3
692-7
5,869.0
27,553.8
1,043.3
1,043.3
182.1
20,370.3
20,552.4
5,133.3
5,133.3
902.2
3,057.5
.3,959.7
5,008.5
5,008.5
0.0
1,940.6
615.2
2,555.8
4,513.9
4,513.9
4,324.7
4,324.7
539.8
539.8
3,682.1
0.0
3,682.1
84S.8
4,443.2
5,294.0
1,000.0
1,000.0
4,994.4
4,994.4
ft 1998
REQUEST
6,536.9
11, ,626.6
18,163.7
2,319.0
4,124.3
6,443.3
1,189.7
3,944.1
744.9
5,878.7
30,485.7
1,256.5
1,256.5
199.5
35,144.4
35,343.9
5,533.2
5,533.2
733.0
3,049.4
3,782.4
5,309.1
5,309.1
1,466.0
2,087.0
618.1
4,171.1
4,226.3
4,226.3
4,182.4
4,182.4
587.4
587. 4
3,559.7
0.0
3,559.7
990.4
3,963.1
4,953.5
0.0
0.0
5,257,7
5,257.7
195 Improved Understanding
7,200,3
5,789,5
4,551.3
1,496.0
2-295
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY99 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NFM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
AfPHOP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE OPLAN PRES. BUB, ENACTED REQUEST
ft 1996 FY 1997 FY 1997 FY 1998
3YXT5A Planning, Evaluation »«id^Analysis - Regions 7,200.3 5,789.5 4,5'51.3 4,496-P
SO AA POLICY, PLANNING t EVAL 66,517.8 100,378.3 67,153.2 82,859.2
B ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM C MRNAGEHENT 1,691,468.4 1,891,317.3 1,752,221.0 1,887,590.9
J ABATE,CONTSCOMP-C/Q
NKW1E Global Change Research 237.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
102 Global Change 237.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 AA,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 237.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
I7XA2C Air Pollution Control Program Grants 660.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
20SCA2D Air Quality Management Implementation 122-5 0,0 0.0 0-0
23XA2F Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 47,4 0.0 0.0 0,0
24XA2F Air Quality s. Emissions Data Management n Analysis 613.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
2TXR5A MISSION i POLICY - AIR AND RADIATION SO.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
HTXA2B Emission Standards, Technical Assessment £ Characterization 58,9 0.0 0.0 '0.0
KUXA2B Testing, Technical « Administrative Support 22.9 0.0 O.p 0-0
HVXA2B Emissions S Fuel Economy Compliance 222.7 0.0 0.0 0,0
001 OZOME/CO/HOX 1,799.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
11XA2A Emission Standards fi Technology Assessment .132,7 0,0 0.0 0.0
004 AIR TOXICS 132-7 0,0 0.0 0.0
YFXA2H Acid Rain Program 165,9 0.0 0.0 0.0
006 ACID RAIN/302 165.9 0,0 0,0 0.0
F7XA2H STRATOSPHERIC OZONE .PROTECTION PS06SAM 272.8 0,0 0.0 0.0
006 STRATOSPHERIC OZONE 272-8 0,0 0.0 0.0
YKXA2H Global Ch.age Program 15,201.3 0.0 0-0 0.0
009 CLIMATE CHANGS • 15,201.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
SZXF2S Radon Action frogran 104.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
TLKF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 12,1 0.0 0.0 0.0
WQUUR Radon State Brants 245.2 0.0 0,0 0,0
YGXA2H Jndoor Mr Program 25.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
010 IMDOOR ENVIRONMENTS 38B.O 0.0 0.0 0.0
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards i Guidelines 24.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
K2XF20 Waste Isolation Pilot 133.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
SYXP20 Radiation Program Implementation 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oil RADIATION 158.3 0.0 0.9 0.0
.30 AA MR < RADIATION 18,118.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
GTXS5A Financial Management-Headquarters 11.8 0.0 0.0 .0.0
GUJESSA Office o£ the Comptroller 64.0 0.0 0,0 0.0
141 Resource Management 75.8 0.0 0.0 0,0
45 PLUMING, BUDGETING s ACCOUNT 75.S 0.0 0.0 0.0
3QXSSA Organization and Health Services ; 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3RXS5A Contracts and Grants Sanagement - Headquarters 23.1 0.0 0,0 0.0
3VXS5A Facilities Management and Services 41,8 0.0 0.0 0.0
3WXS5A Information Systems * Services 85.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
GSXRSA Program Management ~ Administration and Resources Management 50.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
MKKSSA Human,Resources Management - Headquarters 18,1 0.0 0.0 0.0
121 Management Services and Stewardship 226.4 0.0 0.0 O.D
3UOCSA Professional Training 32.6 0.0 0,0 0.0
4QQC5A Nationwide Support Services 546.i 0.0 O.Q 0.0
4DXX5A Headquarters Support Services ' 1,173.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
H1XS5A 20.9 0.0 0.0 0-0
122 Essential Infrastructure 1,773.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
2-296
-------
UNITED STATES EHVIHONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/WPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PS
4EXX5A Regional Support Services
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
50 AA ADMIN t, RESOURCES MGT
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FNXH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
GKXR5A Program Management - Enforcement
J4XH5A Agency Environmental Justice
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy & Operations
KKXH2A Environmental Review and Coordination
NYXH3A Criminal Enforcement Program
R2XH3A Regulatory Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector tad Multimedia Compliance
R4XH3A Hazardous Waste-Site Remediation Enforcement
R6XH3A Enforcement and Capacity Outreach
R8XH3A Pesticides Enforcement Grants
R9XH3A Toxics Substance Enforcement Grants
YNXH3A Federal Facilities Enforcement
088 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
BO AA ENFORCEMENT
2YXHSA Office Of General Counsel
243 Management and Program Support
85 GENERAL COUNSEL
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
182 CCAP
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
183 csi
HDXK5A Regulatory Development and CBEP
184 Comparative Risk
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
185 Climate
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
186 Project XL
HFXS5A Strategic Planning arid Data
187 Environmental Information
HDXHSA Regulatory Development and CBEP S
168 community based environmental protect.
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
199 environmental justice
GRXR5A Mission and Policy ™ Policy, Planning And Evaluation.
190 Management
HDXHSA Regulatory Development and CBEP
191 Reg Reinvention
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
192 Technology
FY 1996 FY 1997
OPLMI PRES. BUB.
1,655.1
1,655.1
3,654.6
9.2
149.3
0.1
95.3
3,452.4
45.6
9.0
17.8
47.1
10.0
IDS. 4
997.1
18,4
164.3
148.2
1S4.4
31.6
5,456.2
5,456.2
72. S
72. S
72.5
290.0
290. 3
606.*
606. «
6S.4
6S.4
a:;. 4
e::. «
. «- *
:cc. :
;(?.*
165. i
9*.0
96.0
1CO.O
100.0
2S.1
28.1
65.3
65.3
1,701.3
1,701.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
a.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
C.3
c.o
i.c
s.s
c.o
0.0
O.D
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FY 1997 FY 1998
ENACTED REQUEST
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
D.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2-297
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
193 Economics
FY 1996.
OPLAN
150.0
150.0
FY 1997
FRES. BUD.
0.0
0.0
FY 1997
ENACTED
0.0
0.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
o.o
90 AA POLICY, PLANNING C EVM.
J ABATE,CONTSCOMP-C/O
GRAND TOTAL
J ABATE,CONTtCOMP-C/O
NRXA1E Global Change Research
102 Global Change
10 AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
17XA2C Ait Pollution Control Program Grants
20XA2D Air Quality Management Implementation
23XA2F Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
24XA2F Air Quality t Emissions Data Management s Analysis
2TXR5A MISSION S POLICY - AIR AND RADIATION
HTXA2B Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization
HUXA2B Testing, Technical £ Administrative Support
HVXA2B Emissions £ Fuel Economy Compliance
001 OZONE/CO/NQX
11XA2A Emission Standards & Technology Assessment
004 AIR TOXICS
YFXA2H Acid Rain program
006 ACID RAIN/502
F7XA2H STRATOSPHERIC OZONE PROTECTION PROGRAM
008 STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
YHXA2H Global change Program
009 CLIMATE CHANGE
5EXF2R Radon Action Program
TLXF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
WCXA2R Radon State Grants
YGXA2H Indoor Air Program
010 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards t Guidelines
K2XF20 Waste Isolation Pilot
SYXF2D Radiation Program Implementation
Oil RADIATION
30 AA AIR S RADIATION
GTXS5A Financial Management-Headquarters
GUXS5A Office of the Comptroller
141 Resource Management
45 PLANNING, BUDGETING t ACCOUNT
3QXS5A Organization and Health Services
3RXS5A Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters
3VXS5A Facilities Management and Services
3WXSSA Information Systems fi Services
GSXR5A Program Management ~ Administration and Resources Management
MKX55A Human Resources Management - Headquarters
121 Management Services and Stewardship
4,192.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
31,807.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,723,216.1 1,894,317.3 1,752,221.0 1,887,590.9
1,
15,
15,
18,
237.8
237. B
237.8
660.8
122.4
47.4
613.3
60.8
48.9
22.9
222.7
799.2
132.7
132.7
165.9
16S.9
272.8
272.8
201.3
201.3
104.9
12.1
243.2
25.8
sea.o
24. 6
133.6
0.1
158.3
11B.2
11.8
64.0
75.8
75.8
7.0
23.1
41.8
85.3
50.8
18.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
D.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0..0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
,0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2-298
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPBOP/NM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/EE
3LXX5A Professional Training
4CXX5A Nationwide Support Services
4DXX5A Headquarters Support Services
M1XSSA
122 .Essential Infrastructure
4 EXX5A Regional Support Services
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
50 AA ADMIN 6 RESOURCES KGT
8QXD2D Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Impleraentat
PUXD9G Emergency Planning/ Community Right To Know
062 State/Tribal Program Development
"77XD2C Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance To States
80XD2D Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementat
GLXR5A Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response
GQXD2B Regulations , Guidelines £ Policies-Hazardous Waste
0(53 Prevpnting Haz Materials Releases
GQXD2B Regulations, Guidelines £ Policies-Hazardous Waste
PCXD2B Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - UST
065 Voluntary/Partnership Programs
80XD2D Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementat
GQX02B Regulations, Guidelines £ Policies-Hazardous Waste
067 Reform Reinvention
G3KD2B 'Regulations, Guidelines fi Policies-Hazardous Waste
068 Safe Waste Management
75 AA SOLID WASTE £ EMERG RESPONS
FEXB3A Water Quality Enforcement
FHXA3A Stationary Source Compliance
FKXE3A Pesticides Enforcement
FNXH3A Technical Support -Office of Enforcement
GDXD3A Hazardous Waste Enforcement
GKXR5A Program Management - Enforcement
J4XH5A Agency Environmental Justice
JAXH3A Enforcement Policy £ Operations
KKXH2A Environmental Review and Coordination
NYXH3A Criminal Enforcement Program
R2XH3A Regulatory Enforcement
R3XH3A Sector And Multimedia Compliance
R4XH3A Hazardous Haste-Site Remediation Enforcement
RCXH3A Enforcement and Capacity Outreach
R8XH3A Pesticides Enforcement Grants
R9XH3A Toxics Substance Enforcement Grants
YNXH3A Federal Facilities Enforcement
088 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
80 AA ENFORCEMENT
2YXHSA Office Of General Counsel
243 Management and Program Support
85' GENERAL COUNSEL
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
182 CCAP
HCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
183 csi
FY 1996 FY 199"? PY 1997 FY 1998
OPLAN PRBS, BUD. ENACTED REQUEST
32.6
546.4
1,173.2
20.9
1,773.1
1,655.1
1,655.1
3,654.6
350.0
28.9
378.9
166.6
750.2
50.. 5
84.4
1,051.7
752.5
133.1
875. 6
400.0
353.7
753.7
352.0
352.0
3,411.9
9.2
149.3
0.1
95.3
3,152.4
45.6
9.0
n. a
47.1
10.0
106. 4
997.1
19.4
164.3
148.2
154.4
31.6
5,456.2
5,456.2
72.5
72.5
72.5
290.0
290.0
606.6
606.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
o.q
O.P
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2-299
-------
UNITED STATES BHVIRQNMEKTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REfflJEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, P£
MPROP/NPM/PlflGRAM COMPONEKT/ PE
HDXHSA Regulatory Development and CBEP
185 Cdiparativs Risk
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
185 Citrate'
KCXH5A Policy Development and Economics
11€ Project XL
HFXSSA Strategic Planning and Data
187 Environmental Information
HDXHSA Regulatory Development and CBEP
188 cosBmmity baaed environmental protect.
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
189 environmental justice
GRXRSA Mission and Policy - Policy, Planning And Evaluation
190 Management
HDXHSA Regulatory Development and CBEP
191 Rag Reinvention
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
192 Technology
HCXHSA Policy Development and Economics
193 Economics
90 AS. JQltCY, PLRNNING 5 EVW
J ABATE, CONUCOMP-C/O
6RMD TOTM.
ft 1996 FY 19§7
OPIAK PRES. BUD.
65.4
65. «
800.4
800.4
100.0
100.0
189.5
189.5
96.0
96.0
100.0
100.0
28.1
2B.1
€5.3
65.3
1,701.3
1,701.3
150.0
150.0
4,192.6
35,219.6
1,723,1".? :,B9'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
i, an. 3
n 1997
ENACTED
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0-0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7S2, 221.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
0.0
.0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
1,887,590.9
2-300
-------
Science and
Technology
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIROHMEHIM, ERQTECI1OH AGENCY
FS98 PRESrDENT'S BUDGET
SCIENCE AHD TECHHOLOGlf
NPM OFFICE
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NPM
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PKES, BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BU0. REQ.
.DIFFERENCE
96 - 97
AA ADMIN s RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA AIR i RADIATION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA PESTICIDES & TOXIC SUBST
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA WATER
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
57,
7,
2,
454,
1,
If
677
0
527
337
385
76
671
31
708
878
506
20
.4
.0
,1
,2
.4
.6
.3
,6
.2
.4
,7
.8
0.
0.
71,142.
326.
.9,526.
82.
2,981,
34.
493,389.
1,797.
1,707.
21.
0
0
3
5
.7
5
5
7
a
9
6
3
227
0
64,608
326
8,766
82
3,241
34
473,482
1,803
1,673
21
.7
.0
.8
.5
.9
.5
.0
.7
.0
.5
.6
,3
227
0
87,468
424
8,893
78
3,436
34
512,505
1,801
1,738
21
.7
.0
.5
.2
.1
.7
.0
.7
.3
,6
.a
.3
0.
0.
22,859.
97.
126.
.-3.
195.
0.
39,023,
-1,
65.
0,
.0
.0
,7
,7
.2
.9
.0
.0
.3
.9
.2
.0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
524,476.1
2,344.6
578,747.9
2,262.9
552,000.0
2,268.5
614,269.4
2,360.5
62,269.4
92.0
3-1
-------
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BDDGET
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOCT C/O
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NPM
(dollars in thousands)
NPM OFFICE FY. 1996 FY 1997 FY 1997 PY 1998 DIFFERENCE
OP PLAN PRES. BOD. ENACTED BUD. REQ. 98 - 97
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TOTH. DQtLARS
FTES
SCIENCE AND lECHNOI/OGY-G/O
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
18,187.5
0.0
18,187.5
0.0
0.0
O.D
0.0
0.0
0-0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
•o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-2
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Agency requests a total of $614,269,400 and 2,360.5 total workyears for
1998 in the Science and Technology Account. In addition to this amount,
$39,755,900 is requested to be transferred from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Account. The cost of the Budget's proposed additional 1.51 percentage point
agency payment to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for Civil
Service Retirement System Employees will be absorbed within this request, once
the proposal is enacted. The 1998 request consolidates all resources for the
Office of Air and Radiation's Office of Mobile Sources (QMS) in this
appropriation. Previously, the OMS resources were also requested in the EPM
appropriation.
The Science and Technology (S&T) account, created in 1996, funds the
operating programs of the office of Research and Development (ORD), the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) Office of Mobile Sources, and the Program Office
laboratories. These organizations provide significant scientific and technical
expertise in meeting the Agency's broad array of environmental goals. The Science
and Technology account allows the Agency to utilize a variety of skills and
expertise, regardless of their organizational location. This includes funding
for in-house activities (including research support for the Agency's scientists
and engineers) and extramural research and development. The program offices and
laboratories directly support the Agency's regulatory programs and are the
primary source of multimedia technical expertise for civil and criminal
enforcement.
The Agency1s science program seeks to improve our understanding of risks
to human health of the American public and our nation's ecosystems. Increasing
our understanding of these risks provides the critical knowledge base supporting
the Agency's regulatory decision making process. The Agency's science program
also seeks to address emerging environmental issues like specific environmental
hazards (i.e. endocrine disruptors), while seeking to develop innovative cost-
effective solutions to pollution prevention and risk reduction.
EPA seeks to balance the need for sustained long-term research with the
need for shorter-term, applied research and science in support of the Agency's
media program offices. Specifically, the Agency's science mission is to:
o Perform research and development to identify, understand, and solve
current and emerging environmental problems;
o Interpret and integrate scientific information to help the Agency make
better decisions about improving the environment; and
o Provide national leadership in addressing emerging environmental issues
and in advancing the science and technology of risk assessment and risk
management.
The knowledge and tools that result from these efforts are used by EPA, state and
local authorities to assure credible environmental decision-making. As the
Nation seeks to focus its limited resources on the most critical environmental
problems, the role of science in identifying, understanding and addressing these
problems will become increasingly important.
In recent years the Agency has taken aggressive action to improve the
quality and responsiveness of its science program. The most notable of thes-e
actions is the explicit use of the risk paradigm — effects, exposure, assessment
and management -- to shape and focus ORD's organizational structure and research
agenda. Within the context of the risk paradigm, the Agency has developed health
and ecological risk criteria that are applied during the strategic planning and
budget formulation processes. This helps assure that research and development
3-3
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focuses on the greatest risks to human health and the environment, that the
Agency maximizes the potential to reduce uncertainties in risk assessment, and
that cost-effective approaches for preventing and managing risks are developed.
ORD's risk-based priority setting process 1) encompasses stakeholder scientific
priorities, 2) ensures that ORD will support the Agency in fulfilling its
mandates, 3) focuses resources where ORD can make the most significant
contribution to reducing risk, and 4) enables ORD to generate practical and
credible information and tools for risk-based decision making.
The Agency is also improving science quality through extensive use of
external peer review. Peer review is a widely accepted mechanism for assuring
the quality, credibility, and acceptability of work products. While the Agency
has always utilized peer review, current policy now requires much more extensive
application of peer-review on strategic plans, individual research plans,
research proposals, and research products.
Another significant step the Agency has taken to improve its science
quality is the development of a Strategic Plan for Research and Development. The
Strategic Plan defines the Agency's strategic directions for research and
development, outline the priority-setting process, and provides long-term goals
and objectives. The Agency identifies high-priority research topics that will
help achieve the goals and objectives outlined in the Strategic Plan. Many
research topics will remain high priority for several years, but new one's will
be added and previous one's removed as appropriate. For each high priority
topic, a peer-reviewed research plan will be developed that will: (1) lay out the
major research components and directions; (2} describe how these components fit
into the risk assessment/risk management paradigm; and (3) identify the major
outputs.
While the Strategic Plan defines "what" will be done, the Agency is also
making some important changes in "who" performs the research and "how" it is done.
The human capital required to address the Nation's environmental problems
includes EPA scientists, other Federal scientists, contractors, grantees and
academic institutions. EPA has a highly skilled, internationally renowned, and
motivated workforce that is the most qualified source of 'human capital for much
of the Agency's research. The Agency also manages an extensive extramural
research program that performs research through grants, contracts, cooperative
agreements and interagency agreements. EPA's extramural research program is
subject to competition and external peer-review to assure that only the most
meritorious activities are funded and that those funded are relevant to the
mission and priorities of the Agency. The core of the extramural research
program is an investigator-initiated grants program, which takes advantage of the
expertise and creativity in the Nation's academic community to address some of
the most complex environmental issues.
The Agency will continue to target Science and Technology resources on
those issues where our understanding of the risk along with the potential
significance of the risk are greatest. The FY 1998 President's Budget Request
includes resources to fund research and development necessary to support
implementation of two recently passed .pieces of environmental legislation -- The
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 (SDWA) and the Food Quality Production Act
(FQPA).
o Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments -- This research will provide the
scientific data necessary to provide a sound basis for promulgation of
necessary regulations. The research will focus on the public health
implications of drinking water contaminants, particularly microbials,
disinfectant by-products (DBPs) and other emerging pathogens. The
research will also expand our understanding of the impacts of drinking
water contamination on sensitive subpopulations, adverse reproductive
effects of drinking water contaminants (toxicology and epidemiology
studies), research on selected DBPs and arsenic, and waterborne disease
3-4
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occurrence studies, as well as treatment and distribution system
development.
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 -- In FY 1998, EPA will expand
research efforts to develop methods for risk assessment for purposes of
re-evaluating1 tolerances and registrations that meet the FQPA criteria,
This research will consider a broad range of non-occupational exposures to
pesticides and the cumulative effects of pesticides exposures, especially
pesticides with common mechanisms of action. EPA will also assess the
variability in subgroup susceptibility providing the scientific analysis
to support development of policies for using an additional 10-fold
safety factor for children. EPA will also expand research on the
measurement of exposure of farm families, via dietary routes, with an
emphasis on children.
In addition, the Agency's risk-based science planning process identified
a number of critical areas. The 1998 program will target a number of
these uncertainties by increasing research in the following areas:
President's Commitment to Right-to-Know: This initiative will provide the
.75 largest U.S. metropolitan areas with access to information regarding
local environmental quality and relevant scientific and technical tools to
interpret and evaluate potential impacts and risk. EPA is proposing
research that seeks to develop approaches to integrate monitoring
measurement technologies with effective data management and communications
solutions; develop and design environmental information delivery systems,
and; expand our understanding of effective communication to the public
regarding environmental risk.
Assessing Health Risks to Children: As part of the Agency's efforts to
better understand and address critical health and developmental risks to
our children, EPA is initiating a multi-year effort to reassess current
information and approaches to determining risks to children. Under this
initiative, the Agency will conduct research to address differential
exposures and susceptibilities of children that go beyond the traditional
chemical-by-chemical approach. This research involves performing separate
risk assessments that account for the different sensitivity thresholds
involving children.
Advanced Measurement Initiative: In 1998, the Advanced Measurement
Initiative (AMI) will accelerate the application of advanced technologies
to enhance environmental measurement and monitoring capabilities. The
technologies addressed by AMI include remote sensing, and processing and
communication technologies. These technologies offer powerful new tools
for internal and external research for ecosystem risk assessments, the
measurement and modeling of the transport of pollutants in the atmosphere,
and the evaluation of new strategies for watershed restoration. These
technologies will yield a clearer, more detailed picture of environmental
problems, and will ultimately lead to more rapid development of ways to
address the problems.
Particulate Matter: A multi-year effort in particulate matter (less than
10 microns) research will be expanded to address a number of
uncertainties, including those associated with mortality estimates,
evaluation of biologic mechanisms of toxicity, and evaluation of
innovative control strategies.
Endocrine Disruptors: In 1998, EPA will seek to explore some of the more
intractable risk assessment issues, such as the potential synergistic
action of endocrine disrupters in biological systems, the shape of the
dose-response curves in the low dose region, "the definition of
biologically significant exposure pathways and establishment of field
3-5
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research efforts linked to laboratory studies. Risk management research
will begin to develop solutions to confirmed hazards. The results -of this
research will also support the activities and objectives of SDWA and FQPA.
Contaminated Sediments: Recent evaluation of the National Sediment
Quality Survey data suggest that sediment contamination poses potential
risks to human health, aquatic life and wildlife and is widespread in may
watersheds around the nation. The Agency will expand research efforts in
two areas: 1) the relationship of multiple .stressors (persistent,
bioaccumulative organic compounds and heavy metals) on the
ecosystems(particularly benthic) in these watersheds; and 2) development
of appropriate and more effective remdiation technologies and approaches
for these impacted systems.
Global Change: In 1998, EPA will expand its Global Change research
program to address the significant scientific uncertainties associated
with climate change. EPA will focus efforts on Regional Vulnerabilities
to provide integrated assessments of the potential ecological risks of
climate change on coastal, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems from
different regions throughout the U.S., and extend the analysis to include
the implications for human health. An important element of this program
will be EPA's efforts to enhance research in the development of ecosystem
indicators as sentinels of 'change focussing on terrestrial, aquatic, and
coastal indicators that can detect and/or quantify the effects of climate
change. In addition, EPA will investment in UV-B radiation research to
evaluate the biological effects of DV-B radiation, such as the effects of
UV-B radiation on amphibians.
3-6
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UNXTED ST&TZS ENVIRONMENTAL PBDTECCXON
FY98 PRESIDEHT'S BDBGET
SCIENCE AHD TECHNOLOGY
HPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA. ADMIN £ RESOURCES MET
Essential Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
677.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
227.7
0.0
227.7
0.0
227.7
0.0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
677.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
227.7
0.0
227.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-7
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY APPROPRIATION
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
The Agency requests a total of $227,700 in 1998 for the Science and
Technology Account for the Office of Administration and Resources Management.
The major components of this activity provide for the Science and Technology
portion of the Agency's Public Transit Subsidy Program and the Unemployment
Compensation Program.
ESSENTIAL INPRASTRUCTgRE- HEADQUARTERS - SCIENCE, AND TBCH1TOI.OGY
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $227,700 in 19-98 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component. This program provides for the Science and
Technology portion of the Agency's Public Transit Subsidy Program and the
"Unemployment Compensation Program.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; No Change
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $227,700 for the Essential Infrastructure
program component. This program provides for the Science and Technology portion
of the Agency1 s Public Transit Subsidy Program and the Unemployment Compensation
Program.
3-8
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TOTTED STATES EHVTRQNMEHTXr. PROTECTION AGENCY
IY98 PRESEQEEra;r S BUDGET
SCIENCE SBD TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FT 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AS. AIR & RADIATION
Ozone/co/nox
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Pm/visibility/regional Haze/lead
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Air Toxics
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Acid Rain/so2
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Climate Change
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Indoor Environments
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Radiation
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Working Capital Fund
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
30
6
14
,493.
244.
,435.
22.
0.
0.
0.
0.
,627.
4
9
8
3
0
0
0
0
5
20.0
1
4
,520.
13.
,449.
36.
0.
0.
5
8
9
2
0
0
37,695
226
6,448
27
1,064
6
0
0
20,404
.0
.2
.0
.7
.3
.0
.0
.0
.6
26.8
2,430
14
3,100
25
0
0
.0
.0
.4
.8
.0
.0
35,935.
226.
5,123.
27.
1,014.
6.
0.
0.
16,408.
26.
1,390.
1.
3,956.
37.
780.
0.
6
2
4
7
1
0
0
0
2
8
6
9
9
9
0
0
43,183.
275.
6,741.
27.
4,249.
44.
4,000.
0.
21,977.
26.
2,389.
12.
4,147.
37.
780.
0.
3
3
2
1
2
0
0
0
8
8
9
5
1
9
0
0
7,247.
49.
1,517.
0.
3,235.
3B.
4,000.
0.
5,569.
0.
999.
10.
190.
0.
0.
0.
7
1
8
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
3
6
2
0
0
0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
57,527.1 71,142.3
337.2 326.5
64,608.8 87,468.3
326.5 424.2
22,859.7
97.7
3-9
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY APPROPRIATION
AIR AND RADIATION
The Agency requests a total of $87,468,500 and 424.2 total workyears for
1998 in the Science and Technology Account for the Office of Air and Radiation.
The overall goal of the air and radiation program is to protect human
health and the environment from airborne pollutants and radiation. Air pollution
continues to 'be a widespread problem in the United States, contributing to human
illnesses such as cancer, respiratory and reproductive problems, and mental
impairment. Air pollution also reduces visibility, corrodes buildings, and
damages natural resources and ecosystems through toxic accumulation and
acidification of soils and lakes. Through November 1996, more than 170 areas,
with a combined population of approximately 124 million residents, did not meet
air quality standards for one or more of the six "criteria" pollutants for which
EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) to protect
human health and the environment.
•The most difficult and widespread air quality problems result from two
pollutants, ozone (urban "smog") and particulate matter (e.g., dust and soot),
caused.by emissions from industrial plants, other stationary sources, and motor
vehicles. Given the persistent problems with these pollutants, and new
scientific evidence on health and other effects, EPA proposed new, more stringent
standards for ozone and particulate matter in November 1996. EPA will take
comments on the proposed new standards through the spring of 1997 and expects to
make a final decision on the need for new standards in June 1997. Carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead also continue to cause
environmental and public health challenges, although most areas of the nation now
meet the current health standards set for these pollutants. In addition to these
six familiar pollutants, over 1.8 billion pounds of other toxic air pollutants
are released annually. These pollutants individually and collectively threaten
the environmental and economic health of the nation. In addressing the health
and environmental effects caused by criteria and toxic air pollutants, EPA has
and will continue to use not only traditional approaches for controlling air
pollution, but will also strive to harness the power of the marketplace,
encourage local initiatives and flexibility and emphasize pollution prevention.
Mobile source programs are key elements of the nationwide program for
controlling ozone, particulate matter,, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, air
toxics and greenhouse gases. Pollution emitted from vehicles and vehicle fuels
accounts nationwide for an estimated SO percent of all hydrocarbon emissions; 90
percent of all carbon monoxide emissions; and 30 percent of all nitrogen oxide
emissions- These pollutants are major contributors to ozone formation.
Approximately half of toxic air emissions are related to mobile sources. Toxic
emissions from vehicles and fuels contribute to approximately 700 cancer
fatalities annually and are associated with respiratory disease and birth
defects.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 required significant changes in
vehicle control technologies and fuel types and expansion of state clean air
programs. Under the amendments, EPA has promulgated new mobile source rules
covering: reformulated gasoline, leaded gasoline, clean alternative fuels,
vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle emission standards, and state program
requirements. Most of the technical work and rulemaking for vehicles and non-road
engines is done at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in
Ann Arbor, Michigan while most of the fuels and fuel additives work is done in
Washington, D.C.
The 1998 program objectives of the mobile sources -program include: 1)
controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
3-10
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and particulate matter, focusing on heavy-duty vehicles, engines and non-road
sources; 2) implementing the Clean Air Act's vehicle, engine and fuels
requirements; 3) reducing emissions from in-use vehicles through state programs;
4) developing emission estimation and air quality modeling tools that serve 'user
needs and are recognized as scientifically credible; 5) evaluating alternative
long-term strategies for fuels, including alternative fuels; 6} supporting
development of new technology approaches to reducing in-use emissions and
evaluating technologies from the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
work; 7) implementing nitrogen oxides/particulate matter control programs,
especially for non-road engines; 8) assuring compliance with emission control
requirements; and 9) providing fuel economy labeling information and data to DOT
on compliance with fuel economy standards.
The National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in
Montgomery, Alabama and the Radiation and Indoor Air National Laboratory
(RIENL)in Las Vegas, Nevada both provide technical support and guidance to assist
the Agency in carrying out its responsibility to protect public health and the
environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure and to reduce human
exposure to harmful levels of indoor pollution, including radon radiation and
indoor environment pollutants. These laboratories are operated by the Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air.
The radiation and indoor environment laboratories support four major
program objectives: 1) reduce adverse health effects and environmental impacts
from radiation and indoor air pollutant exposure through a program of standards
and guidelines; 2) assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation and indoor
air quality problems and their potential impacts on public health and the
environment; 3) respond to radiation and indoor air quality issues of serious
public concern; and 4) maintain the capability to respond to radiological
emergencies and to aid development and testing of federal, state, and local plans
for emergency response.
To accomplish these objectives, EPA assesses and regulates sources of
airborne radionuclides,- evaluates and regulates radioactive waste disposal;
provides site assessments and radiochetnical analyses of environmental samples;
administers the Radon Proficiency Program; operates the Environmental Radiation
Ambient Monitoring System; develops radiation and mixed waste clean-up and waste
management standards; responds to radiological emergencies; and conducts indoor
air quality technology and tech-transfer programs.
3-11
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AIR AND RADIATION
DATA ODTPTJT CHART
1998
Mobile Sources
o Conduct 600 emission factor tests.
o Conduct 300 light duty vehicle recall tests.
o Conduct 1000 certification and fuel economy tests.
o Register 300 fuels and fuel additives.
o Issue 500 engine certificates.
o Conduct 10 selective enforcement audits (SEAs).
o Issue 2 or more urban bus retrofit certificates.
Radiation
o Perform radioanalyses for at least 8,000 multimedia environmental
samples.
o Perform radiological evaluations at six DOE/DOD sites to identify
levels of radioactive contamination and assess the impact on the
public.
o Participate in one national field exercise.
o Provide radiological support for the launch of the Cassini mission
to Saturn.
o Analyze over 300 mixed waste samples in support of Superfund and
Federal Facility project needs.
a Perform two Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation
Manual (MARSSIM) procedural/technology demonstration projects.
Indoor^Environments
o Conduct demonstrations/evaluations of performance contract funded
energy efficient IAQ retrofits in 1-5 NAESCO partnership schools.
o Perform follow-up field measurements for initial School Intervention
Study/School BASE for 6 schools.
o Continue baseline field measurements for School Intervention
Study/School BASE for 6 schools.
o Perform 600+ radon analyses for all BASE studies conducted.
o Continue Radon Measurement Proficiency Program (RMPP) Compliance
Testing.
3-12
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1997
Mobile Sources
o Conduct 600 emission factor tests.
o Conduct 300 light duty vehicle recall tests.
o Conduct 1000 certification and fuel economy tests.
o Register 300 fuels and fuel additives.
o Issue 500 engine certificates.
o Conduct 10 selective enforcement audits (SEAs) .
o Issue 2 or more urban bus retrofit certificates.
Radiation
o Analyze over 8,000 environmental samples to establish ambient
radiation levels and trends in air, water, milk and other
environmental media and to identify any radioactive contamination
from external sources,
o Perform radiological evaluations at six DOE or DOD sites to identify
levels of radioactive contamination.
o Expand mixed waste analytical capability by adding ICP-Mass
Spectrpscopy for improved capacity of metals and radionuclide
analyses .
o Provide on -the -phone laboratory consultation to five Regions.
o Participate in Digit Pace Full Field Emergency Response Exercise,
Kirkland AFB, NM.
o Participate and stage for Cassini Satellite Launch by NASA, October.
o Chair and finalize Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site
Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) .
o Perform one MARSSIM procedural /technology demonstration project.
Indoor
Conduct demonstrations /evaluations of performance contract -funded
energy efficient IAQ retrofits in 3-5 NAESCO partnership schools,
Demonstrate and evaluate "Tools for Schools" guidance using "School
BASE" protocols at 7 schools.
Perform follow-up field measurements for Building Air Quality
Intervention Pilot Study in 2 buildings .
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OZONE/CARBON MONOXIDE/HJCTROGEN OXIDES
1998PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $43,183,300 and 275.3 total workyears in
1998 for the Ozone/Carbon Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides program component. The Agency
will collect an estimated $8,880,300 in fuel economy and certification fees.
MAJORACTIVITIlg
EPA plays a major role in achieving the ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen
dioxide National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) by setting federal
standards for vehicles, non-road engines and fuels. Air pollution from, mobile
sources accounts for over half of the nationwide emissions of ozone-forming
compounds (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) and carbon monoxide.
Because mobile source emissions account for such a large percentage of the total
air pollution problem, reducing these emissions holds the greatest potential for
cleaning our nation's air. Most of the technical work and rulemaking for
vehicles and non-road engines is done at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions
Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan while most of the fuels and fuel additives work
is done in Washington, D.C.
In 1998 the Ozone/Carbon Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides mobile source program
will conduct a wide range of activities designed to reduce ambient levels of
these pollutants by addressing emissions from vehicles, engines and fuels. These
activities include promulgating mobile source rules under the Clean Air Act,
involving industry in numerous cooperative emission reduction or process
streamlining initiatives, and providing support to states. Rulemaking activities
include finalizing the highway heavy-duty engine, locomotive, and evaporative
test procedure rules and proposing rules for reengineering vehicle compliance,
motorcycle weight limits and non~road diesels. Work on a notice of proposed rule
making for aircraft standards and an assessment of emission sensitivity to fuels
wi11 commence.
In the area of engines, the first of two stages of an engine demonstration
designed to achieve standards for model year 2004 and beyond will be completed.
A regulatory strategy for reducing emissions from Spark Ignited (SI) engines of
25 horsepower or higher will be developed and a heavy-duty in-use assessment will
be conducted. The interim version of the Certification and Fuel Economy
Information System (CFEIS), a replacement for an older mainframe based system,
will be completed.
EPA will continue many mobile source programs including: on-board
diagnostics, the tier 2 study, compliance and recall programs for
engines/vehicles, off-road engine and vehicle standards, compliance and
conformity reinvention, as well as transportation air quality planning
assistance. Additionally, the program will focus on reducing in-use emissions
by reducing emissions per vehicle or by "reducing vehicle miles traveled through
market based incentive plans and voluntary and episodic control measures
cooperatively developed with the industry and public. Efforts to improve
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs and alternatives will continue.
In the area of fuels, EPA will continue the Phase I and II reformulated
fuel program, risk and benefit assessments, and fuels compliance testing. The
Agency will continue to support regional and state efforts at mobile source
emission reduction through such activities as assisting states with required
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) , and will continue air emissions modeling along
the U.S./Mexico border.
3-14
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The Agency will maintain support functions such as emissions inventory
modeling and standards development testing, and advanced engine testing. At the
National Vehicles and Fuels Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, EPA will
continue basic physical structure support facilities operations, computer program
management and administrative support. An office building in Ann Arbor will
replace decaying trailers that currently house staff, and necessary furniture,
telecommunications and computer equipment will be provided. EPA will allocate
funds to solve the Year 2000 computer date problem, related to an old laboratory
and data acquisition system. Fees will be collected for the costs of the motor
vehicle certification, recall, selected enforcement audit, and fuel economy
programs .
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +49 ,1 ITE +$7,247,700
The increase .in Ozone/Carbon Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides resources is a result
of transferring the mobile source activities (excluding regional activities) to
the Science and Technology (S&T) account from the Environmental Programs and
Management account (+50.5 FTE and +$$,840,800). This consolidation of resources
in the S&T account provides for better and more efficient management of the
program and the resources allocated to it.
As part of the Agency's administrative reform efforts, the Ozone/Carbon
Monoxide /Nitrogen Oxides program component is reduced by -1.4 FTE. To support
the Ann Arbor laboratory operations, EPA will slightly increase funds for
operations and maintenance (+$56,100). In addition, a $1,350,800 increase
reflects increased workforce costs .
The Agency's budget is a total of $35,935,600 and 226.2 total workyears for
the Ozone/Carbon Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides program component. The Agency expects
to collect an estimated $8,880,300 in fees through the mobile source
certification program to cover the costs related to the certification, fuel
economy, selected enforcement audit, and recall programs.
Mobile source activities in this program in 1997 include implementing the
Clean Air Act's vehicle, engine, and fuels requirements as well as numerous
pollution control activities cooperatively developed with industry and the
public, necessary improvements in scientific and technical capabilities, and
support to states . Efforts include controlling nitrogen oxides and particulate
matter for heavy-duty vehicles, engines and non-road sources. In-use emissions
will be reduced through a transformed inspection and maintenance (I/M) program
and compliance verification testing, as well as research into new technologies
that can reduce in-use emissions . Inventory estimation and modeling tools that
serve user needs and are recognized as scientifically credible will be developed.
Process reinventions such as the vehicle compliance program will be continued.
Alternative long-term strategies for fuels, including alternative fuels, will be
developed. Program infrastructure and maintenance will be improved, including
replacement of obsolete equipment at the National Vehicle and Fuels Emission
Laboratory. EPA will also be processing federal requirements for proposed, final
and interim I/M Agency actions on SIP submittals made by states under the
National Highway Act (NHA) and will be providing support to those states
implementing their SIPs in 1997. Fees will be collected for the costs of the
motor vehicle certification, recall, SEA, and fuel economy programs.
3-15
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fj^TICTIATJi,
1§98 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a. total of $6,741,200 and 27.7 total workyears in 1998
for the Particulate Matter /Visibility/Haze program component.
MAJOR
Reducing the mobile source particulate matter emissions will contribute to
attainment of the particulate matter (PM) ambient air quality standard. Mobile
source initiatives embrace the EPA guiding principle of strong science and data
as the foundation for understanding the causes and effects of pollution and
solving environmental problems. .By reducing PM emissions, these initiatives will
also provide added protection for children and other sensitive populations from
respiratory illness and premature death. To protect people from unhealthy levels
of PM, EPA will emphasize technology- based and emission-standard-based
strategies. These strategies will reduce PM emissions, and at the same time,
reduce ground level ozone through nitrogen oxides (NQx) controls. A number of
mobile source programs will be developed and refined to achieve PM reductions,
including non-road, on-highway, technology development, science and fuels, as
follows :
Non-road initiatives will focus primarily on standard setting for diesel
(compression-ignition) engines and locomotives, which account for approximately
50 percent of the particulate matter emissions from mobile sources • A Statement
of Principles (SOP) signed with land-based diesel engine and marine diesel (under
SO hp) engine manufacturers calls for promulgation of two tiers of emission
standards that will reduce NOx and PM,
For on-highway sources, EPA will utilize standard-based and technology-
based strategies to reduce PM emissions from heavy-duty engines and diesel
engines used in passenger cars and trucks. In technology development, EPA will
demonstrate technology that will support the heavy-duty engine standards for
model year 2004, and 1PA will also lead a joint research partnership that will
demonstrate new technology to meet emission levels of less than 1.0 gram per
brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) NOx and less than 0.05 g/bhp-hr particulate.
EPA's science initiatives include projects to gather and study data that better
characterize PM and its health effects .
In the area of fuels, EPA will implement the low sulfur diesel regulations,
including the Alaska waiver request and the anticipated bio-diesel waiver
request. In addition, EPA will evaluate the low sulfur regulations and consider
extending them to non-road diesel engines. Compliance initiatives will address
new and in-use engines . A new engine compliance program will ensure that the
expected emission benefits of regulations are achieved. EPA will also develop
an in-use compliance program to gain the full emissions benefit of the combined
PM/NOx reduction strategy. . ;
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE ; +0.0 FTE + 51.617.800
To bolster the particulate matter programs, EPA will transfer funds from
air toxics ($1,346,900) to the particulate matter program component. Increased
funding will support engine standards development (+$445,000), and particulate
matter emissions inventory and modeling (+$980,300). In addition, a $192,500
increase reflects the increased workforce costs .
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1997PROGRAM
The agency's budget is a total of $5,123,400 and 27.7 total workyears for
the PM/Visibility/Haze program component.
In 1997 EPA has proposed and will make a final decision on the new
partieulate matter NAAQS.
Several mobile source rulemakings that contain provisions for partieulate
matter reduction will be developed including proposed rules for marine diesels
and locomotives, as well as a final rule for on-hig-hway, heavy-duty engines.
Expanded and/or lower diesel fuel regulations will be evaluated, as well as
possible waiver requests- Efforts 'will be directed toward improving the
scientific base through research on engine technology for particulate matter
reduction, evaluation of technology for particulate matter control on
experimental engines, and improved particulate matter modeling capability through
better data and better models., EPA plans on building alliances with industry and
working cooperatively to identify areas for potential particulate matter
reductions and strategies to reduce those emissions in an environmentally
beneficial and economically feasible manner.
AIR TOXICS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,249,200 and 44.0 total workyears in 1998
for the Air Toxics program component.
M&JOR ACTIVITIES
Activities in the air toxics program component center around the Agency's
strategic goals of reducing toxic emissions. EPA will issue additional rules and
will review protocols related to fuels and fuel additive health effects testing.
EPA's fuel additive programs support the development and implementation of
federal regulations and guidance for fuel and fuel additives (e.g. gasoline
volatility, health effects testing for fuels and fuel additives, the
determinations as to whether additives should be allowed in fuels) . EPA will use
data submitted in 1997 to evaluate the need for future regulatory efforts in this
area.
EPA will provide guidance and assistance to fuel and fuel additive
manufacturers as they begin more complex toxic and emission toxicology submittals
under Tier II requirements, EPA's fuel and fuel testing requirements. To
facilitate the implementation of the Phase II of the reformulated gasoline
program, EPA will conduct fleet performance and fuel economy testing for motor
vehicles and small engines and will address any problems in engine performance
or material compatibility. Phase II of the reformulated gasoline program begins
on January 1, 2000; the program will achieve approximately a 20% reduction in
toxic emissions. . ' '
EXPl»Mi&TION Qg CHftNei; *38 .0 EBB . *_$_3,235,100
The increase in air toxics activities' is a result of transferring the
mobile source air toxic activities (excluding the regional activities) to the
Science and Technology account from% the Environmental Programs and Management
account (+38 FTE, +$4,677,900). This consolidation of resources in the S&T
account will provide better and more efficient management of" the program and the
resources allocated to it.
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To bolster the particulate matter program, air toxics will transfer
$1,346,900 in contract dollars to support engine standards development and
particulate matter emissions inventory and modeling.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget .is a total of $1,014,100 and 6.0 total workyears for
the Mr Toxics program component. Major activities within this program component
are:
The Agency will evaluate health research data submitted by fuel and fuel
additive manufacturers and will review Tier I and Tier II submittals for
emission speciation studies and compile summaries of existing information. EPA
will also be completing work on alternative Tier II requirements which will
direct the testing requirements of oxygenated fuels and MMT additives for
gasoline. The fuels and fuel additives registration program will receive 300
registrations. The-Agency will provide technical and policy assistance to states
on Reid Vapor Pressure and winter oxygenated programs. EPA will continue work
with implementation of the Reformulated Gasoline Phase II (RFGII) , including the
development, funding and award of contracts for fleet performance and fuel
economy testing, test fuel refining and delivery, and development and
distribution of education and outreach materials. EPA will also establish
consensus with stakeholders on the need for fleet performance and fuel economy
testing and test plans of model vehicles and small engines.
ACID RAIK
199 8 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,000,000 for the Acid Rain program
component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) has been operational
since 1990 and provides critical data to evaluate the health and environmental
effectiveness of reductions of regional atmospheric pollutants. The network of
monitors also provides long-term environmental data for wet and dry deposition,
fine particulate matter (sulfates, nitrates), ozone background levels, and
regional haze. In 1998, as responsibility for CASTNet is transferred, the Acid
Rain Program will be positioned to ensure that critical components of CASTNet are
maintained to ensure continuation of the network including data synthesis,
quality assurance, data analysis and data availability, i.e., public and state
accessibility. This data is critical for establishing a strong scientific link
between emissions, deposition and ecological effects.
EffPI^NATIOKT OF CHANGE; 0..0. FTB +14,.000, OOP
In 1998 the Office of Research and Development will transfer functional
responsibility for CASTNet to the Acid Rain Program.
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CLIMATE, CHANGE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $21,977,800 and 26.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Climate Change program component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
The climate change action plan directly supports EPA's goal of stabilizing
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, at 1990 levels by the year
2000. This program component contains two EPA programs that contribute to
climate change goals: Clean Car ($18,739,700 and 21.2 workyears) and
Transportation Efficiency ($3,238,700 and 5.6 workyears).
The bulk of this project -- Clean Car -- represents EPA's contribution to
the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, a Presidential initiative that
involves a federal government/domestic automobile industry partnership to develop
"leapfrog" technology to triple automotive fuel economy and reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by 67 percent, while maintaining vehicle performance and affordability*
EPA has the federal technology lead in two areas, direct injection engines
operated on renewable alcohol fuels and hydraulic energy storage, both targeted
for use in hybrid vehicles.
The transportation systems efficiency program verifies approaches to
reducing mobile source emissions that have been identified in previous years.
EPA will fund demonstrations and pilot projects involving the transportation
industry and other federal, state and local agencies. EPA will also provide
information to the public on ways in which transportation alternatives can be
used to reduce air pollution and to decrease emissions of gases that contribute
to global warming. Work will involve cooperate efforts with the Departments of
Transportation and Energy, including cooperative projects on intelligent
transportation systems and "travel smart" projects, as well as studies of ultra
low emission urban vehicles, telecommuting, and other innovations that reduce
emissions.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +0.0 FTE + 55,569.600
With increased funding (+$3,372,000), the Clean Car program will
incorporate methanol fueled engine concepts that would assure both low
particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emissions. In response to industry's
interest in diesel fueled, four-stroke, direct injection engines, EPA would also
begin developing diesel-like engines that have extremely low particle emissions.
The increase for transportation systems efficiency (+$2,197,600) will fund
comprehensive field evaluations of improved transportation models on
transportation decisions and will fund work on low emission urban vehicles,
telecommuting, and other innovations to reduce emissions.
1997 PROGRAM
The agency's budget is a total of $16,406,200 and 26.8 total workyears for
the Climate Change program component.
In 1997, EPA will continue to develop direct injection engines that are
optimized for renewable alcohol fuels as part of its PNGV coristituents. EPA will
also evaluate new concepts to raise fuel efficiency and lower NQx emissions,
3-19
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pursuing approaches endorsed by industry and National Academy of Science peer
reviewers. Using fuels with renewable potential will maximize reductions in
greenhouse gasses. .In the hydraulic energy storage area, EPA will develop
lighter and more efficient components and develop a regenerative braking system.
The refinement of existing technology will permit rapid development and
evaluation. Using conventional materials will facilitate affordability. EPA's
PNGV-related work has so far resulted in eleven patents in process, which will
have potentially far-reaching implications for the world-wide auto industry.
Four of these patents have been issued. Transportation systems funding will
support development of analytical tools used to assess the effects of
transportation decisions on emissions.
INDOOR EMVTROMMEMTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $2,389,900 and 12.5 total workyears for 1998
for the indoor environments program component carried out by the Radiation and
Indoor Environments National Laboratory (R&IE)in Las Vegas, Nevada and the
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NftREL) in Montgomery,
Alabama.
M&JOR a.CTIVITIEg
EPA' s Indoor Environments program uses a range of voluntary,
community-based approaches to reduce the health risks from indoor pollutants,
which rank among the top environmental risks to public health. Focused risk
reduction activities address well-characterized high-risk contaminants such as
radon, second-hand tobacco smoke, and carbon monoxide. Broader pollution
prevention approaches are designed to reduce exposure to all indoor air
contaminants (e.g., particles, volatile organic compounds, 'and biological
contaminants) that pose health risks.
The Agency's strategy to reach Indoor Environment goals focuses on
voluntary partnerships to .increase awareness and to educate audiences from
consumers to building managers about indoor air problems and solutions. The
Agency develops guidance about ways to reduce the risk of indoor contaminants,
and works thorough partner organizations to change consumer and institutional
behavior. Priorities include:
o Decreasing people's exposure to radon in homes and schools through
testing, mitigation, and use of radon-resistant construction techniques;
o Providing comprehensive guidance to schools on practical and inexpensive
ways to improve indoor air quality;
o Protecting people, especially children, from exposure to second-hand
smoke;
o Reducing emissions from building ''and consumer products;
o Increasing awareness of and improving knowledge about indoor air pollution
and its causal factors.
EPA's indoor environment laboratories support the following major
objectives: reduce adverse health effects and environmental impacts from indoor
air pollutant exposure through a program of guidelines; assess and quantify
existing and emerging indoor air quality problems and their potential impacts on
public health and the environment; and respond to indoor air quality issues of
serious public concern. To accomplish these objectives, EPA operates the Radon
Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program and the Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP)
Program and conducts indoor air quality technology and -technology transfer
programs.
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The program request for radon measurement and mitigation services
activities is $1/410,693 and 7.0 total workyears. NAREL and R&IE will continue
to evaluate the capability of individuals offering radon measurement and
mitigation services and to make the information available to the states and
public by operating the RMP and RCP programs. The Agency will continue to
collect user fees for its proficiency programs. Both laboratories will operate
Radon Environmental Chambers, participate in intercomparisons with NIST and DOE,
and will offer intercomparisons to private sector chamber operators . R&IE will
evaluate new measurement technology in its device evaluation program .
The program request for indoor air quality activities is $875,545 and 4,5
total workyears. In 1998 R&IE will continue efforts to evaluate technology and
guidance for improving air quality in homes, schools, and large buildings. The
labs will conduct field and laboratory measurements to support guidance for
indoor air quality issues. Programs include the School Intervention Study, Large
Building Intervention Study, and a cooperative partnership to provide Indoor Air
Quality Improvements in Schools with the National Association of Energy Service
Companies .
BX_PI.M»TIpN,,pF ........ CHftMpg; +10.6 FTK + S999.300
The Agency will redirect $34,500 from lower priority radiation programs
to the Indoor Air Quality "Tools for Schools" demonstration project. In
addressing the unique problems of public schools, the demonstrations will
diagnose and mitigate indoor air problems and explain contract mechanisms that
allow schools to finance needed improvements through compatible energy
conservation measures . Program goals include reducing risk to school children
using low cost/energy efficient solutions and developing capabilities at the
local level to maintain healthy environments and prevent further problems . These
demonstrations, targeted in disadvantaged communities, will support guidance
generally applicable to all public schools.
A total of 10.6 workyears, and $953,000 will be shifted from the
Envirpnmental Program Management appropriation to the Science and Technology
appropriation to better account for dollars and workyears.
Core workforce cost increases total $11,400.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,390,600 and 1.9 total workyears for
the indoor environments program component. Major activities within this program
component are as follows .
The program for radon measurement and mitigation activities is $1,015,178
and 1.9 total workyears. The RMP and RCP programs, conducted at NAREL, will
continue to evaluate the capability of individuals offering radon measurement and
mitigation services and to make the information available to the states and
public.
The program request for indoor air quality activities is $375,400. In 1997
R&IE will evaluate technology and guidance for improving air quality in homes,
schools, and large buildings. The lab will conduct field studies to support the
School Intervention Study and the Large Building Intervention Study. R&IE will
also initiate cooperative work with the National Association of Energy Service
Companies, demonstrating energy efficient improvements for Indoor Air Quality in
schools,- R&IE also supports ORIA's BASE program and .Environmental Equity
initiatives with radon measurement services.
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1998PROGRAM RBOUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,147,100 and a total of 37.9 work years
in 1998 for the radiation program component at the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) and the Radiation and Indoor Environments
National Laboratory (R&IE). These laboratories, which are operated by the Office
Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) within the Office of Air and Radiation, provide
sound scientific support for radiation-related decision making and technical
assistance to other parts of the Agency, EPA Regions, states, and Native American
groups.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
EPA's radiation program establishes standards for the clean-up of
radioactively contaminated public and private sites, and for the disposal of
radioactive waste to protect public health and the environment by preventing
unnecessary radiation exposure. EPA's radiation activities fulfill a clear
federal standard setting and oversight role that would not be carried out by the
states in EPA's absence. EPA must set standards covering federal facilities.
EPA laboratories support the following major objectives: to reduce adverse
health effects and environmental impacts from radiation exposure through
technical support for development and implementation of standards and guidelines;
to assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and their
potential impacts on public health and the environment; to respond to radiation
issues of serious public concern; and to maintain the capability to respond to
radiological emergencies and to aid development and testing of Federal, state,
and local plans for emergency response.
The program request for Federal Response Plan activities is $790,891 and
8.0 total workyears. In 1998 EPA labs will prepare for and respond to accidental
releases of radioactivity to the environment, as defined in the Federal Response
Plan, the National Contingency Plan, and the Federal Radiological Emergency
Response Plan. The labs will continue to exercise a lead responsibility for
EPA's radiation field measurements in emergency situations. EPA labs will
maintain mobile radiological laboratories and support vehicles, an inventory of
field instruments, and fully trained teams to respond to radiation emergencies.
In 1998 the labs will participate in an emergency response exercise as Lead
Federal Agency with the state of Arizona or Texas and be a part of EPA' s support
to NASA for the Cassini Launch at Cape Canaveral, a space mission that will carry
extensive quantities of plutonium in power generators.
The program request for mixed waste activities is $726,990 and 8.0 total
workyears. During 1998 NAR1L will have fully developed in-house mixed waste
analytical capability, the only such capability in EPA, NAREL will apply this
analytical capability to support ORIA's "decision making process on the need for
standards and guidance specific to mixed waste sites, to assist EPA Superfund and
Federal Facility enforcement in~'~clean~up operations, and to provide the Agency
"reference laboratory™ services for mixed-waste analysis. This quality assurance
function will help ensure that solid scientific data are used to make Agency
decisions on site assessment, clean-up, and public health protection.
The program request for Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) is $705,792 and 7.0 total workyears. EPA will continue to improve SRAMS,
the nation's only comprehensive radiation monitoring network. A major component
of the overall nuclear accident response capability, ERAMS has over 260 sampling
locations that sample air, precipitation, surface water, drinking water, and
milk. These stations, in particular the air .stations, provide near .real-time
3-22
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information on radiation levels resulting from nuclear accidents. In addition,
ERAMS provides data for baseline and trends analysis on radioactivity and
independent data for some site-specific and community-based monitoring. During
1998 EPA will assess the reconfiguration of ERAMS completed in 1997. The first
annual report of data under the reconfigured design will be prepared and provided
to customers (states, Federal agencies, the Congress, the International Joint
Commission) to solicit feedback for "fine tuning" the redesign.
The program request for Waste .Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) activities is
$463,200 and 2.0 total workyears. Under the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and Land
Withdrawal Act of 1992, EPA has certification and oversight responsibilities for
Department of Energy (DOE) waste disposal activities at the WIPP. If the Agency
grants certification to the WIPP in 1997, during 1998, the R&IE Laboratory will
continue to conduct audits and inspections of the WIPP site and DOE'S radioactive
waste generator sites to assess implementation of procedures as waste generator
sites come on-line and prepare to transport waste to the WIPP.
The program request for environmental radioactivity standard activities is
$408,095 and 4,0 total workyears. In 1998 the labs will conduct field and
laboratory measurements and analyses to assess the implementation of ORIA
developed environmental radioactivity standards and provide a basis for
evaluating environmental radiation sources. Measurement and analytical support
from NAKEL will 'also provide national scope assistance to Superfund, Regions, and
states in site assessment and remediation. The labs will train EPA Regions on
radioactivity hazards, transport, safety procedures, field worker safety, and
health as they relate to clean-up at sites containing radioactive materials.
The program request for Federal facilities clean-up activities is $335,298
and 3.0 total workyears. Working toward its environmental goal for the clean-up
of radioactively contaminated Federal facilities, during 1998 the labs will help
ORIA implement clean-up criteria for sites contaminated with radionuclides that
will provide clear and consistent ground rules for clean-up. In 1998, R&IE will
conduct demonstrations and provide technical assistance in field situations to
facilitate usage of the Multi-Agency Survey and Site Investigation Manual
(MARSSIM) guidance at Superfund and Federal sites contaminated with radiation.
These demonstrations will support the rapid implementation of a consistent
clean-up approach at contaminated sites, and will provide site specific
specialized expertise. Radioactive materials are used at over 20,000 sites
including DOE facilities and over 100 nuclear power reactors. Although EPA is
not responsible for actual clean-up of these sites, NAREL will provide the only
EPA capability for mixed waste analysis and radioanalysis to determine need for
clean-up, monitor progress, and assure compliance with Agency standards.
EXPIRATION OF CHAKSE;' 0.0 FTJB +ai§Q.200
An increase of $224,700 reflects increased workforce costs. The program
will also redirect $34,500 from lower priority Radiation programs to the Indoor
Environment program. ,
13.97. PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,956,900 and a total of 37.9 work years
for the radiation program component at the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) and the Radiation and Indoor Environments
National Laboratory (R&IE). Major activities within this program component
follow.
The program for emergency preparedness activities is $915,624 and 11.0
total workyears. In 1997 the EPA labs will maintain an emergency preparedness
program designed to avert excessive ejqposure to radiation from nuclear accidents;
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provide field, laboratory, and technical support to EPA's radiation regulatory
development and implementation activities through the collection and analysis of
environmental samples; monitor environmental radiation levels and assess the
effects of radiation exposure to the general public from ambient radiation;
characterize and evaluate special radiation and indoor air problems; provide
analytical support to all EPA Regions and other parts of EPA for assessing
radiation risks; and provide training and support to other Federal and state
agencies and to Native American groups. In 1997 the labs will also perform
instrument repairs and calibrations for EPA Regional programs.
'The program request for environmental radioactivity standards activities
is $712,624 and 8.0 total workyears. In 1997 NAREL will conduct field and
laboratory measurements and analyses to support development of environmental
radioactivity standards and to provide a basis for evaluating environmental
radiation sources. Measurement and analytical support from NAREL will also
provide national scope assistance to Superfund and the Regions in site assessment
and remediation. In addition, NAREL will provide training assistance to EPA
regions on radioactivity hazards, transport, safety procedures, field worker
safety, and health as they relate to clean-up at Superfund sites containing
radioactive materials.
The program request for WIPP activities is $448,200 and 1.9 total
workyears. In 1997 EPA will receive the DOE WIPP Compliance Certification
Application. EPA will review and evaluate the application to identify the
technical areas in need of additional information to adequately address the
regulatory provisions of the disposal standards and the compliance criteria. EPA
will, if needed, do a. rulemaking to approve any modifications to the WIPP test
plan that DOE might propose and decide whether WIPP can begin receiving
transuranic waste. During the review of the application/ the Agency will
conduct audits and inspections of the WIPP site and DOE's radioactive waste
generator sites to verify information in the application.
WORKING CAPITAIi OTNO
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
In 1998 the Agency requests a total of $780,000 from the Working Capital
Fund to support the Office of Air and Radiation.
The Working Capital Fund will support EPA's three laboratories in the
Office of Air and Radiation: The National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Radiation and Indoor Environments National
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada. The resources requested include the base
resources to pay for program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day
U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail;
Post Office Express Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail
and pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service
shipments. For National Data Processing Division (NDPD) operations, the base
dollars provide an on-going data processing and telecommunication services for
this program. These services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise
Computing Services; Network Services; Desktop Services; Technical Consulting
Services; and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments
in technical consulting services.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 0.0 FTB $0...0
There is no change.
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1997 PRQGRftM
.In 1997 the Agency will use a total of $780,000 from the Working Capital
Fund to support the Office of Air and Radiation.
The Working Capital Fund will support EPA's three laboratories in the
Office of Air and Radiation: The National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
in Ann Arbor, 'Michigan, the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Radiation and Indoor Environments National
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada. The resources requested include the base
resources to pay for program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day
U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail;
Post Office Express Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail
and pouch mail? Federal Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service
shipments. For National Data Processing Division (NDPD) operations, the base
dollars provide an on-going data processing and telecommunication services for
this program. These services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise
Computing Services; Network Services; Desktop Services; Technical Consulting
Services; and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments
in technical consulting services.
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3-26
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DHTTED STATES EIIVIRONMEHTAL PROTECTION AGKBCT
FX98 PHBSIDEM'S BUDGET
SCIENCE AMD TECHNOLOGY
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENI
(dollars in. thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 91
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATION CENTER:
Compliance Monitoring
TOTAL DOLLARS
'FTES
Civil Enforcement
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,989.1
20,3
2,125.1
22.9
2,578.3
22.0
2,716.1
24.4
2,350.8
21.6
2,453.4
24.1
2,529.8
21.6
2,566.9
23.3
Criminal Enforcement
TOTAL DOLLARS 2,702.9 3,494.5 3,183.8 3,467.7
FTES 27-6 29.8 29.3 29.3
Compliance Assistance
TOTAL DOLLARS 568.3 737.8 673.6 230.1
FTES 5.8 6.3 6.2 3.2
.Program Leadership and Evaluation
TOTAL DOLLARS 0.0 0.0 105.3 9B.6
FTES 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.3
179.0
0.0
113.5
-0.8
283.9
0.0
-443.5
-3.0
-6.7
0.0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS:
' FTE
7,385.4
76.6
9,526.7
62.5
8,766.9
82.5
8,893.1
78.7
12S.2
-3.8
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
The Agency requests a total of $8,893,100 and 78.7 total workyears for 1998
in the Science and Technology Account for the Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance.
Science and Technology resources within OECA support the National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). NEIC is the nationwide technical
support center for EPA's enforcement and compliance assurance programs. The
Center's customers include SPA Headquarters and regional offices, other Federal
Agencies including the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of
Investigations, and state and local organizations with law enforcement
responsibilities.
The Enforcement and Compliance .Assurance program supports all of the
national goals (except ^management1}. The NEIC supports these goals by providing
forensic support for ail environmental laws and regulations. A highly trained
staff of engineers, scientists, financial analysts, computer specialists, and
other environmental professionals work together to identify the unique technical
requirements of each investigation or inspection. Areas of expertise include:
collection of evidentiary samples, document control and chain-of-custody, fact
and expert testimony, evaluation of the enforceability of regulations,
information analyses and data review, financial analyses, witness and asset
location, pollution control and process evaluations, comprehensive facility
inspections, and negotiation of consent decrees and agreements.
In 1998, the Center will continue to: develop new techniques and
capabilities for monitoring compliance of the regulated community, make
recommendations to solve difficult environmental problems, and provide support
to the nation's most complex criminal and civil enforcement cases. Building on
existing multimedia experience, the Center will serve as a key contributor to the
Agency's pursuit of an integrated enforcement and compliance program.
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ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
A.9.9J.
o 109 non-Superfund criminal investigations supported.
o 21 civil investigations.
o 14 process-based single media inspections,
o 15 process-based multimedia inspections.
o 34 compliance assistance/partnership activities.
1997
o 109 non-Superfund criminal investigations supported.
o 21 civil investigations.
o 14 process-based single media inspections.
o 15 process-based multimedia inspections.
o 65 compliance assistance/partnership activities.
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N&TIOHAI. SKgQRCgMBNT_IimBST3:{3a.TIOl!TS CSNTBR
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $8,893,100 and 78,7 total workyears in 1998
for the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) program component.
As the primary source of forensics expertise in the Agency, NEIC will
continue providing technical services not available elsewhere to support the
needs of EPA Headquarters and Regional Offices, other Federal agencies, and state
and local environmental enforcement organizations. NEIC will provide technical
support to the Criminal Enforcement, Civil Enforcement, Compliance Monitoring and
Compliance Assistance program components.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, NEIC will support the Criminal Enforcement program component,
including establishment of the Joint Center for Strategic and Environmental
Enforcement, with $3,467,700 and 29.3 total workyears. NEIC will support the
Civil Enforcement Program Component with $2,565,900 and 23.3 total workyears.
Laboratory and technical staff will collect evidence, perform lab analysis,
detect environmental data fraud through computer forensics, and develop graphicsv
and report services to communicate environmental findings in the courtroom,
Staff will assist in case development and support by providing technical input
to consent decree development, negotiations, affidavits, Supplemental
Environmental Projects, and interrogatories. Staff will also provide support for
litigation actions including affidavits, depositions, and trail of evidence.
These activities will be performed with the scientific integrity necessary to
withstand technical scrutiny and cross-examination, developing fully defensible
evidence which meets all legal requirements for successful prosecution of civil
and criminal cases .
NEIC will support the Compliance Monitoring program component with
$2,529,800 and 21.6 workyears and the Compliance Assistance Program Component
with $230,100 and 3.2 workyears. NEIC staff will conduct on- site multimedia and
process based inspections, resulting in increased compliance by many of the
nation's largest and most complex industries. The Center's efforts will support
the Agency's pursuit of an integrated compliance monitoring program which views
the regulated community on a 'multimedia basis within the context of an industrial
sector or geographic area. NEIC's specialized knowledge of industrial processes
will also be used to evaluate pollution prevention and waste minimization
opportunities, Environmental Management System deficiencies, unregulated waste
streams or activities, and the accuracy of facility self -reporting.
OF OBEMTGli -3.8 FTE +S12.6...2K
NEIC is disinvesting 3.0 workyears in technical support for Compliance
Assistance as states assume greater compliance assistance responsibilities and
0.8 workyears due to administrative reforms in consolidation, automation, and
process improvements. The increase in dollars reflects net personnel cost
increases .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $8,766,900 and 82,5 total workyears for
the National Enforcement Investigations Center program component. Major
activities are : technical support for the . Criminal - Enforcement, Civil
Enforcement, Compliance Monitoring and Compliance Assistance programs.
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The Center supports the environmental enforcement community by providing
expertise in field activities and engineering evaluations, forensic laboratory
activities, information management, technical analysis and training and in the
courtroom. In 1997, the NElC is supporting Criminal Enforcement activities,
including concept development for the Joint Center for Strategic Environmental
Enforcement, with $3,183,800 and 29.3 total workyears. NEIC is supporting the
civil enforcement activities with $2,453,400 and 24.1 total workyears. HEIC is
supporting Compliance Monitoring and Compliance Assistance activities with
$3,024,400 and 27.8 total workyears.
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3-32
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UMXTKIi STATES ENVXBOSHEHTKL PROTECTION
FX9S PHESIDEHT'S BUDGET
SCXBHCE WTO TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AS. PESTICIDES S TOXIC SCBST
Registration
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
ReregistJration and Special Review
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,076.9
11.5
1,594.4
20.1
1,338.0
15.0
1,643.5
19.7
1,581.7
15.0
1,659.3
19.7
1,S46.2
15.0
1,889.8
19.7
-35. S
0.0
230.5
0.0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS;
FTE
2,671,3
31.6
2,981.5
34.7
3,241,0
34.7
3,436.0
34.7
19S.O
0.0
3-33
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PREVENTION, PESTICIDES, AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RjglBTlATIQH
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,546,200 and 15.0 total work years in 1998
for the Registration program component.
The activities within this program component support the personnel and
operating costs of EPA's pesticide laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland;
Cincinnati, Ohio; and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; 0.0 FTE
The changes in the 1998 Program Request are due to savings from
streamlining of laboratory support activities for the Pesticide Registration
Program .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,581,700 and 15.0 total work years for
the Registration program component.
The activities within this program component support the personnel and
operating costs of EPA's pesticide laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland;
Cincinnati, Ohio; and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
REREGISTRATION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,889,800 and 19.7 total work years for
1998 in the Reregistration program component
The activities within this program component support the personnel and
operating costs of EPA's pesticide laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland;
Cincinnati, Ohio; and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
EXPLANATION OP CHANGE 0.0 FTB *.$23Q.5 K
The changes in the 1998 Program Request are due to increased laboratory
•payroll and support costs for the Pesticide Reregistration Program.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,659,300 and 19.7 total work years for
the Reregistration program component.
3-34
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The activities within this program component support the personnel and
operating costs of EPA's pesticide laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland;
Cincinnati, Ohio; and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
3-35
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3-36
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGEKCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BOEK5ET
SCIENCE AHD TECHHOLOGST
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
W3RAM COMPONENT FY
OP
AS. RESEARCH AHD DEVELOPMENT
Ecosystems Protection
TOTAL DOLLARS 53,
FTES
Global Change
TOTAL DOLLARS 16,
FTES
Air Toxics
TOTAL DOLLARS 12,
FTES
Criteria Air Pollutants
TOTAL DOLLARS 28,
FTES
Indoor Air
TOTAL DOLLARS 3,
FTES
Drinking Water
TOTAL DOLLARS 14,
FTES
Waste/Site/Risk Characterization
TOTAL DOLLARS 1,
FTES
Waste Management and Site Remediation
TOTAL DOLLARS S,
FTES
Human Health Protection
TOTAL DOLLARS 24,
FTES
Special Environmental Hazards
TOTAL DOLLARS 5,
FTES
New Technology and Pollution Prevention
TOTAL DOLLARS 2B,
FTES
Science Quality and Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS 257,
FTES
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS; 454,
FTE 1,
1996
PLAN
580.1
310.8
730.2
40.4
872.1
98.4
953.1
152.6
669.2
23. B
111.2
129. B
966.5
85.4
122.5
97.0
319.0
235.0
960.8
28.0
83.5.8
14.8.6
587.7
528.6
708.2
878.4
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
115,213.3
489.9
13,439.7
49.1
25,667,6
167.7
43,168.9
213.0
0.0
0.0
26,593.7
186.2
3,511.4
25.4
6,214.1
31.5
43,602.6
249.3
12,541.2
66.0
51,400.3
133.3
147,036.8
186.5
493,389.8
1,797.9
FY 1997
ENACTED
107,159.5
488.9
14,138.6
48.1
25,825.6
169.0
42,048.5
209.2
0.0
0.0
39,467.6
193.0
3,314.9
25.9
6,119.7
32.5
42,500.6
252.5
11,990.8
66.8
35,861.7
125.1
145,,054.5
' 192.5
473,482.0
1,803.5
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
105,457.9
489.7
21,053.7
47.5
19,871.1
123.0
50,163.1
240.6
0.0
0.0
35,931.5
164.1
3,344.8
20.9
5,448.9
22.8
53,626.0
251.2
15,872.9
70.6
57,073.6
146.9
144,661.8
:204.3
512,505.3
1,801.6
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
-1,701.6
0.8
6,915.1
-0.6
-5,954.5
-4S.O
8,114.6
31.4
0.0
0.0
-3,536.1
-B.9
29.9
-5.0
-326.5
-9.7
11,125.4
-1.3
3,682.1
3.8
21,211.9
21.8
-392.7
11.8
39,023.3
-1.9
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DNIEBD STATES ENV1HONMEHTAL PROTECTIOK AGBNCT
FXSf PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSIANCE RESPONSE TRUST FDND
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
ET 199S
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES- BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1938
BUD, ESQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - SI
Aft, RESEARCH AND
Sfaste/Site/Risk Characterization
TOIAt DOLLARS 472.7 10,634.3 7,480.2
FIES 0.0 47.8 51.8
Waste Management sud site Remediation
'TOTAL DOLLARS 1,717.4 20,8.80.6 15,407.7
FfES 0.0 71.9 65.8
New Technology and Pollution Prevention
TOTAL .DOLLARS 119.2 9.60.0 564.2
FTES 0-0 0,0 0.0
10,6,85.7
47.2
20,067.7
69.3
960.0
0.0
3,205.5
-4.6
4,660.0
3.5
395.8
0.0
Science Quality and Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS 2,851.5 10,033.1 11,.547.9 8,042.5 -3,505.4
FTES 1.8 9,5 i.O 9.4 0.4
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS;
FTE
5,160,8
1.8
42,506.0
129.2
35,000,0
126.6
39,755.9
125.9
4,755.9
-0.7
3-38
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Agency Bequests a total of $512,505,300 and 1,801.6 total workyears for
1998 in the Science and Technology Account for the Office of Research and
Development (ORD). In addition to this amount, $39,755,900 is requested to be
transferred from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account to ORD.
ORD' s research and development (R&D) program seeks to improve our
understanding of risks to human health of the American public and our nation's
ecosystems. Increasing our understanding of these risks provides the critical
knowledge base supporting the Agency's regulatory decision making process. The
Agency's R&D program also seeks to address emerging environmental issues like
specific environmental hazards (i.e. endocrine disrupters), while seeking to
develop innovative cost-effective solutions to pollution prevention and risk
reduction.
EPA seeks to balance the need for sustained long-term research with the
need for shorter-term, applied research and science in support of the Agency's
media program offices. Specifically, the Agency's science mission is to:
o Perform research and development to identify, understand, and solve
current and emerging environmental problems;
o Interpret and integrate scientific information to help the Agency make
better decisions about improving the environment; and
p Provide national leadership in addressing emerging environmental issues
and in advancing the science and technology of risk assessment and risk
management.
The knowledge and tools that result from these efforts are used by EPA, state and
local authorities to assure credible environmental decision-making. As the
Nation seeks to focus its limited resources on the most critical environmental
problems, the role of science in identifying, understanding and addressing these
problems will become increasingly important.
In recent years the Agency has taken aggressive action to improve the
quality and responsiveness of its science program. The most notable of these
actions is the explicit use of the risk paradigm •»- effects, exposure, assessment
and management -- to shape and focus ORD's organizational structure and research
agenda. Within the context of the risk paradigm, the Agency has developed health
and ecological risk criteria that are applied during the strategic planning and
budget formulation processes. This helps assure that research and development
focuses on the greatest risks to human health and the environment, that the
Agency maximizes the potential to reduce uncertainties in risk assessment, and
that cost-effective approaches for preventing and managing risks are developed.
ORD's risk-based priority setting process l) encompasses stakeholder scientific
priorities, 2) ensures that ORD willi support the Agency in fulfilling its
mandates, 3) focuses resources where ORD can make the most significant
contribution to reducing risk, and 4} enables ORD to generate practical and
credible information and tools for risk-based decision making.
The Agency is also improving science quality through extensive use of
external peer review. Peer review is a widely accepted mechanism for assuring
the quality, credibility, and acceptability of work products. While the Agency
has always utilized peer review, current policy now requires much more extensive
application of peer-review on strategic plans, individual research plans,
research proposals, -and research products.
Another significant step the Agency has taken to improve its science
quality is the development of a Strategic Plan for Research and Development. The
3-39
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Strategic Plan defines the Agency's strategic directions for research and
development, outline the priority-setting process, and provides long-term goals
and objectives. The Agency identifies high-priority research, topics that will
help achieve the goals and objectives outlined in the Strategic Plan. Many
research topics will remain high priority for several years, but new one' s will
be added and previous one's removed as appropriate. For each high priority
topic, a peer-reviewed research plan will be developed that will: (1) lay out the
major research components and directions; (2) describe how these components fit
into the risk assessment/risk management paradigm; and (3) identify the major
outputs.
While the Strategic Plan defines "what* will be done, the Agency is also
making some important changes in "who" performs the research and "how" it is done.
The human capital required to address the Nation's environmental problems
includes EPA scientists, other Federal scientists, contractors, grantees and
academic institutions, EPA has a highly skilled, internationally renowned, and
motivated workforce that is the most qualified source of human capital for much
of the Agency's research. The Agency also manages an extensive extramural
research program that performs research through grants, contracts, cooperative
agreements and interagency agreements. EPA's extramural research program is
subject to competition and external peer-review to assure that only the most
meritorious activities are funded and that those funded are relevant to the
mission and priorities of the Agency. The core of the extramural research
program is an investigator-initiated grants program, which takes advantage of the
expertise and creativity in the Nation's academic community to address some of
the most complex environmental issues.
The Agency will continue to target Science and Technology resources on
those issues where our understanding of the risk along with the potential
significance of the risk are greatest. The FY 1998 President's Budget Request
includes resources to fund research and development necessary to support
implementation of two recently passed pieces of environmental legislation -- The
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 (SDWA) and the Food Quality Production Act
(FQPA).
o Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments -- This research will provide the
scientific data necessary to provide a sound basis for promulgation of
necessary regulations. The research will focus on the public health
implications of drinking water contaminants, particularly microbials,
disinfectant by-products (DBPs) and other emerging pathogens. The
research will also expand our understanding of the impacts of drinking
water contamination on sensitive subpopulations, adverse reproductive
effects of drinking water contaminants (toxicology and epidemiology
studies), research on selected DBFs and arsenic, and waterborne disease
occurrence studies, as well as treatment and distribution system
development.
o Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 -- In FY 1998, IPA will expand
research efforts to develop methods for risk assessment for purposes of
re-evaluating tolerances and registrations that meet the FQPA criteria.
This research will consider a broad range of non-occupational exposures to
pesticides and the cumulative effects of pesticides exposures, especially
pesticides with common mechanisms of action. EPA will also assess the
variability in subgroup susceptibility providing the scientific analysis
to support development of policies for using an additional ,10-fold
safety factor for children. EPA will also expand research on the
measurement of exposure of farm families, via dietary routes, with an
emphasis on children.
In addition, the Agency's risk-based science planning process identified
a number of critical areas. The 1998 program will- target a number of
these uncertainties by increasing research in the following areas:
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o President's Commitment to Right-to-Know: this initiative will provide the
75 largest U.S. metropolitan areas with access to information regarding
local environmental quality and relevant scientific and technical tools to
interpret and evaluate potential impacts and risk. EPA is proposing
research that seeks to develop approaches to integrate monitoring
measurement technologies with effective data management and communications
solutions; develop and design environmental information delivery systems;
and expand our understanding of effective communication to the public
regarding environmental risk.
o Assessing Health Risks to Children: As part of the Agency's efforts to
better understand and address critical health and developmental risks to
our children, EPA is initiating a multi-year effort to reassess current
information and approaches to determining risks to children, under this
initiative, the Agency will conduct research to address differential
exposures and susceptibilities of children that go beyond the traditional
chemical-by-chemical approach. This research involves performing separate
risk assessments that account for the different sensitivity thresholds
involving children.
o .Advanced Measurement Initiative: In 1998, the Advanced Measurement
Initiative (AMI) will accelerate the application of advanced technologies
to enhance environmental measurement and monitoring capabilities. The
technologies addressed by AMI include remote sensing, and processing and
communication technologies. These technologies offer powerful new tools
for internal and external research for ecosystem risk assessments, the
measurement and modeling of the transport of pollutants in the atmosphere,
and the evaluation of new strategies for watershed restoration. These
technologies will yield a clearer, more detailed picture of environmental
problems, and will ultimately lead to more rapid development of ways to
address the problems.
o Particulate Matter: A multi-year effort in particulate matter {less than
10 microns) research will be expanded to address a number of
uncertainties, including those associated with mortality estimates,
evaluation of biologic mechanisms of toxicity, and evaluation of
innovative control strategies.
o Endocrine Disrupters: In 1998, EPA will seek to explore some of the more
intractable risk assessment issues, such as the potential synergistic
action of endocrine disrupters in biological systems, the shape of the
dose-response curves in the low dose region, the definition of
biologically significant exposure pathways and establishment of field
research efforts linked to laboratory studies. Risk management research
will begin to develop solutions to confirmed hazards. The results of this
research will also support the activities and objectives of SDWA and FQPA.
o Contaminated Sediments: Recent evaluation of the National Sediment
Quality Survey data suggest that; sediment contamination poses potential
risks to human health, aquatic life and wildlife and is widespread in may
watersheds around the nation. The Agency will expand research efforts in
two areas: 1) the relationship of multiple stressors (persistent,
bioaccumulative organic compounds and heavy metals) on the
ecosystems(particularly benthic) in these watersheds; and 2) development
of appropriate and more effective remdiation technologies and approaches
for these impacted systems.
o Global Change: In 1998, EPA will expand its Global Change research
program to address the significant scientific uncertainties associated
with climate change. EPA will focus efforts on Regional Vulnerabilities
to provide integrated assessments of the potential ecological risks of
climate change on coastal, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems from
3-41
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different regions throughout the U.S., and extend the analysis to include
the implications for human health. An important element of this program
will be EPA's efforts to enhance research in the development of ecosystem
indicators as sentinels of change focussing on terrestrial, aquatic, and
coastal indicators that can detect and/or quantify the effects of climate
change. In addition, EPA will investment in UV-B radiation research to
evaluate the biological effects of UV-B radiation, such as the effects of
UV-B radiation on amphibians.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
ECOSYSTEMS PROTECTION
o Landscape characterization research will provide EMAP with remotely-
sensed imagery of study areas and lead the development of
quantitative methods for the numerical description of landscape
features. This research will improve classification and resolution
of landscape imagery; and will aid development of new algorithms for
quantifying landscape structure both of which will help associate
changes in ecological condition with land-use changes.
o EMAP will demonstrate and improve survey and monitoring methods to
detect and interpret observed ecological changes, and will begin to
link these results to the development of descriptive or predictive
models.
o EMAP will develop tools for predicting the vulnerability of
ecosystems at multiple geographic and temporal scales to ecosystem
stressors. EMAP will continue analyzing multi-scale information,
aggregating data among tiers, and integrating multi-resource data.
These science outputs are central to the success of the CENR efforts
and are crucial to the ultimate design of a cost-effective national
monitoring and research network,
o Assay for Biomarkers for Periphyton Assemblages and Substrate-
Influenced Respiration. Plant and microbial communities living on
stream bottoms will be used as indicators of sediment contamination.
o Case Study of Regional Vulnerability to mercury in South Florida.
o Evaluation of Exposure Indicators in mid-Atlantic Region, Eastern
Cornbelt, and Pacific Northwest
o GIS techniques will be used to develop database for mapping and
classification of watershed biophysical environments and testing
significance of watershed classification.
o Field use of exposure indicators in regional vulnerability
assessment for Mid-Atlantic and Eastern Corn Belt watersheds will be
evaluated. Integration of landscape and surface water data into a
biogeographic vulnerability assessment will also be conducted.
o Research will continue to • focus on methods development. Studies
will focus on development of hazard assessment techniques,
development and validation of predictive ecological risk assessment
models, .and evaluation of the effects of pesticides on experimental
ecosystems and wildlife. This research will improve our
understanding and ability to protect ecosystems from the cumulative
effects of both natural and anthropogenic stressors.
o Research will continue to focus on the development of models, soil-
based exposure assays, and methods for determining exposure
resulting from the deposition of heavy metals and organic pollutants
on large aquatic ecosystems; validation of exposure measurement
techniques; identification of new environmental stressors; and,
characterization of exposure indicators.
3-43
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o Results from effects and exposure research will be integrated into
risk assessment tools,
o Research will continue to focus on the development of methods for
determining the risk that toxic substances pose to select
ecosystems. Studies will include development of hazard
identification techniques, development and validation of predictive
ecological risk assessment models, and evaluation of the effects of
industrial chemicals on experimental ecosystems and wildlife.
o Results from effects and exposure research will be integrated into
risk assessment tools,
o Preliminary reports will be published that extend the knowledge base
on predictive understanding of processes and mechanisms that govern
the dynamics of watershed ecosystems, as well as decrease the
uncertainties associated with human factors affecting management of
water and watersheds. These reports include information on
ecological modeling and valuation of watersheds, influences of
watershed land use on stream ecosystem structure and function,
scaling issues within watersheds, fate and transport of contaminants
and nutrients within a watershed.
o Cost effective techniques will be developed and evaluated for
restoring terrestrial, aquatic and riparian zone ecosystems at the
watershed scale for use by community decision makers and local
stakeholder groups.
o Studies will be conducted to determine the tradeoffs between
infrastructure needs (e.g., flood protection, hydrologic
modifications) and ecosystem maintenance and restoration
opportunities.
o 'Development of risk assessment methods that lead to increased
scientific understanding and improved techniques for: appropriate
ecological units at various scales; techniques to extrapolate from
one spatial scale to another; techniques for diagnosing ecosystem
condition, and; measurements of sustainability of ecosystems.
o Data to support the development of physical, chemical and/or
biological parameters derived for the protection of aquatic life and
wildlife (i.e., aquatic ecocriteria), particularly for persistent
bioaccumulative chemicals. Emphasis -will be placed on integrating
these parameters for ecosystems of various sizes.
o Development of techniques for predicting the outcomes of efforts to
protect or restore ecosystems, and for determining the most likely
causes of effects observed in aquatic systems.
o Hazard identification data or methods to characterize the toxicity
of single chemicals or mixtures of contaminants in sediments,
effluents and surface "waters.
o Laboratory development and field validation of sediment toxicity
methods to evaluate toxic impacts on individual test species and on
populations and communities of benthic species.
o Evaluation of toxicant bioavailability in sediments as a function of
biological variables such as feeding and burrowing behavior of
organisms, chemical partitioning behavior, and sediment
characteristics.
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Assessment of the overall impacts of contaminated sediments on
aquatic ecosystems by determining relationships between levels of
organic and inorganic contaminants in sediments, sediment toxicity,
and macrobenthic community composition and abundance.
Field evaluation of sediment sampling methods, and development of
both in-situ and laboratory procedures for testing stream and
estuarine sediment function and metabolism as exposure indicators
will be investigated.
Research will tie conducted on a new sediment toxicity method using
fish eggs .
Development of empirical models for assessing chemical interactions
of contaminants in sediment . Research will enhance estimates of
risks associated with multiple chemicals in sediment and provide
better estimates of clean up goals .
Development of cost-effective techniques for the improved
containment and treatment of contaminated sediments in Confined
Disposal Facilities (CDF) in collaboration with the U. S. Army Corps
of Engineers and Regional, State, and local permitting authorities
in order to increase the effectiveness of CDFs as sediment
management facilities that are more protective of both near shore
freshwater and ocean environments.
Evaluation of the impacts of various environmental stressors, such
as hydrologic modification, physical alteration, sedimentation,
nutrient loading and toxic contaminants, on wetland structure and
function .
Development of methods and data to characterize and compare the
functional attributes of selected wetland populations within broad
geographic areas.
Development of indicators of wetland function for use in monitoring
and assessing the ecological condition of natural and restored
wetlands .
An evaluation of particle size influences on the efficiency of wet
weather flow disinfections.
Integration of several ecosystem/water quality/watershed models to
allow local decision makers to determine the best control
technologies at the least cost for effective water quality
improvements .
A characterization of the factors which impact pollution of surface
source waters as drinking water reservoirs; an evaluation of how
surface waters interact with ground waters, in the context of wet
weather flows .
Demonstration of pilot treatment systems to control toxicants from
wet weather flow "hot spot" areas.
Several data reports on the performance of alternative wet weather
flow control technologies.
' results of several in-house bench scale laboratory studies will
be completed.
3-4S
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1997
Participation in watershed modeling programs as part of the Mid-
Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MA.IA) .
o Demonstrations will be completed to determine how appropriate sites
should be selected, what should be measured, and how that
information can be used to assess ecological condition on a local,
regional, or national scale.
o EMAP will define ecosystem criteria, develop a land-cover map of at
least 25% of the nation, develop baseline data for documenting
future changes and ecosystem exposure profiles to assist land use
managers in ecosystem protection and environmental planning,
o EPA will provide Level I and Level .II assessments of the Mid-
Atlantic Region for the State of the Region III Report.
o EMAP will establish an Internet home page that will allow the public
direct access to information collected via EMAP. This database
includes 7.5 large, complex datasets on topics such as the chemistry
and biointegrity of our lakes and streams,
o Enhanced coordination with EPA Regions, states and communities to
address risk management needs and transfer ecological risk
assessment techniques, with continued emphasis in the Pacific
Northwest, Mid-Atlantic region, and South Florida.
o EMAP will be applied in all 10 EPA Regions to focus on addressing
monitoring problems identified by each Region as high priority.
These Regional-EMAP projects will also provide unique opportunities
to develop and test ecological indicators across the nation as well
as conduct limited applications of the EMAP approach across diverse
environmental conditions,
o Establish criteria and a process to evaluate ecological indicators
in relation to assessment endpoints. Evaluations will identify
areas of need for new indicators or for modifications of existing
indicators.
o Develop ecological indicators that integrate methods across multiple
resources and spatial scales. This ability will provide assessment
information for condition of diverse ecosystems,
o Annual Report on Operation of CASTHET Atmospheric Deposition Site
Network to measure progress towards meeting Clean Air Act goals.
This report should indicate the full effectiveness of Clean Air Act
controls on deposition.
o Field and Laboratory Wadable Streams Methods Manual. This manual
will describe aquatic ecological assessment methods for wadable
streams -- streams that are particularly vulnerable to stress, and
are generally accessible to the community,
o Data Management, Simulation Models, and Visualization Exposure
Assessment Module for Linkage to- South Florida Ecosystem Adaptive
Management Scenarios Developed under the Leadership of the Science
Working Subgroup of the Interagency Task Force. .
o A Landscape Atlas of the Mid-Atlantic Region: A Regional Scale
Assessment (Special Publication), Provides the basis for long-term
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assessment of status and trends of terrestrial ecosystems in the
mid-Atlantic,.
Methods for a liver metabolic enzyme induced by PAH exposure, fish
embryo larval test, biomarkers for periphyton assemblages, assessing
the presence and bioavailabilty of genotoxins in sediment.
Development of a final report on Big Darby watershed case study and
initiation of four new watershed case studies and guidance for
conducting watershed scale ecological risk assessments preliminary
draft and peer review. Development of problem statement and
strategic framework for the definition and application of management
goals and assessment endpoints. This research has direct
application to Agency, state and local watershed or community based
resource management issues.
Development of aquatic ecocriteria and bioaccumulation factors for
mercury in fish. Research provides chemical specific risk
assessment information on toxic levels of mercury in water and fish
tissues and bioaccumulation in the food chain and potential for
human health effects.
Research will focus on methods development. Studies will include
development of hazard assessment techniques, development and
validation of predictive ecological risk assessment models, and
evaluation of the effects of pesticides on experimental ecosystems
and wildlife. This research is important to understanding and
protecting ecosystems from the cumulative effects of both natural
and anthropogenic stressors.
Research will focus on the development of models, and methods for
determining exposure resulting from the deposition of heavy metals
and organic pollutants on large aquatic ecosystems; validation of
exposure measurement techniques; identification of new environmental
stressors; and, characterization of exposure indicators.
Results from effects and exposure research will be integrated into
risk assessment tools.
Research will focus on the development of methods for determining
the risk that toxic substances pose to select ecosystems. Studies
will include development of hazard identification techniques,
development and validation of predictive ecological risk assessment
models, and evaluation of the effects of industrial chemicals on
experimental ecosystems and wildlife.
Ongoing research that will reduce the uncertainty in conducting
ecological assessments at multiple ecological scales will be
implemented. This will include developing ecological assessment
tools and methodologies and performing multi-scale ecological
assessments of the .Interior Columbia Basin, the Great Lakes
Ecosystem, the Colorado Plateau ecosystem, and the southeastern
United states.
Resource providers will be identified and trained to facilitate the
local community environmental planning process and to demonstrate
simplified materials and processes to the communities.
Data to support the development of biological criteria, which are
quantitative values or narrative statements that describe the
biological condition of aquatic communities for "a particular type of
water body (e.g., river, estuary) or use category {e.g., warm water
3-47
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bass fishery). Information will be provided on the structure and
role of resident aquatic communities in an ecosystem, and on
indicators of ecosystem sustainability and integrity.
o Diagnostic tools and methods to determine the most cost-effective
approach to characterize and restore aquatic communities. Includes
improvements in techniques, models, and guidelines to assimilate
water quality-based controls (i.e., chemical-specific criteria,
biocriteria, .and whole effluent toxieity) into the most appropriate
endpoints and/or integrated risk-based values with application for
specific water bodies and/or aquatic communities.
o Improvements in methods for establishing chemical-specific water
quality criteria, including aquatic, wildlife, and human health
criteria. These will address uncertainties in current methods and
improve current guidelines to a risk-based format for ecological
assessment and assist in the development of new criteria.
o Development of data and models for predicting the toxicity and
assessing the risks of various complex mixtures of contaminants.
o Development and validation of selected acute, chronic and
bioaccumulation test methods for organisms and ecosystems not
represented by existing methods.
o Evaluation of the .efficacy of selected sediment criteria to protect
selected benthic and fish assemblages at the population, community
and ecosystem scales.
o Methods for a liver metabolic enzyme induced by PAH exposure, fish
embryo larval test, biomarkers for periphyton assemblages, assessing
the presence and bioavailability of genotoxins in sediment.
o Development of empirical models for predicting chemical specific
toxicity of sediments. This research will provide risk assessment
tools and risk reduction targets for cleaning up contaminated
sediments.
o A workshop on the State-of-the-Art of Contaminated Sediments Risk
Management with the intended audience being Regional, State, and
local decision makers to inform them of currently available
technologies and approaches for managing contaminated sediments at
both Superfund and non-Superfund sites.
o Development an externally peer-reviewed Contaminated Sediments
Research Plan to guide EPA scientists and engineers in the execution
of a comprehensive, risk-based program of research for contaminated
sediments into the 21st Century.
o Refinement of techniques to"enhance assessments of wetland function
in the Midwest (including the Great Lakes and prairies), Northwest
and Gulf of Mexico; evaluation of the effects of agricultural land-
use and best management practices on the ecological health of
prairie wetlands; and development of biological indicators of
wetland degradation in the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico.
o Development of .methods for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands
management decisions by comparing hydrologic features of mitigated
and similar, naturally occurring wetlands.
o Development of models and classification systems for describing the
landscape function of selected wetlands in the U.S.
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Completion of an externally, peer-reviewed, multi-year research plan
for Wet Weather Flow Research.
Development of wet weather flow collection-treatment system design
protocols for newly developed areas/watersheds. The important
issues to be addressed are whether new systems should be separate or
combined and how to best integrate wet weather flow control-
treatment technologies. The program will interface intramural work
on model development with two cooperative agreements (to the ASCE
Urban Water Resources Research Council and the University of
Alabama). An interim technical assistance report will provide OWM
with background information for future rule.making and strategy
activities. A peer-reviewed journal article will also be prepared.
An annual literature review on wet weather flow will be developed
in-house and published by the Water Environment Federation's Journal
ofWaiter Environment Research.
A final design will be produced for an in-house research facility to
enable the conduct of bench work for the establishment of protocols
for the design of Wet weather flow control-treatment processes.
Interim report on the demonstration o.f an interim users' g%iide for
identifying unauthorized cross-connection into separate storm-
drainage systems. This cross-connection identification procedure is
required by the Office of Water stormwater permitting program.
Completion of .an externally, peer-reviewed, multi-year research plan
for ecosystem restoration for 1997 through 2001.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
GLOBAL CHANGE
Development of two to three indicators in the following areas: (1)
watershed indicators of vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems, (2)
macroinvertebrate indicators of response of freshwater ecosystems,
and (3) aquatic habitat response indicators to global climate
change. Watershed indicators of vulnerability will allow managers
to classify watersheds according to risk as well as to identify best
management practices to limit risk. Macroinvertebrate indicators
will be used as early indicators of habitat change which help
identify impacts of global climate change. Aquatic habitat
indicators will build indices of suitable aquatic habitat to improve
predictions of potential impacts.
Development of one prototype module of a regional integrated
landscape ecology model. The fully developed model will ultimately
identify indicators of global change effects. The model will
consist of a set of modules that will provide the initial
environmental conditions, the scenarios of change, the environmental
and human response and the resulting ecosystem and natural resource
availability.
Mountain water resource models will be developed to simulate
climate, hydrology and vegetation distribution and will be evaluated
using data from three watersheds in the Pacific Northwest. These
models will improve impact assessments of environmental change at
the regional scale.
Reports on the mechanism of toxicity of ultraviolet radiation {UV-B}
in aquatic organisms (fish and invertebrates) when exposed to UV-B
and other environmental stressors, such as polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). The greatly enhanced toxicity of the
combination of OV-B/PAH exposure will be described. This research
will provide key information on the potential impacts of changes in
UV-B exposures resulting from ozone depletion scenarios.
Report on UV-B Monitoring Standards, Quality Assurance and Data
Management Procedures. This report will document procedures for
quality control and quality assurance for the UV-B monitoring
network, ensuring scientifically accurate and nationally consistent
data. Approved data will be made available through the Internet.
Workshop report on the ecological vulnerabilities of selected
ecosystems to climate change by evaluating integrated assessments of
the risks of climate change to coastal, freshwater, and terrestrial
ecosystems.
Workshop report on the direct impacts of climate change on human
health, with particular attention to issues of environmental equity.
Workshop report of climate change impacts on vector-borne diseases
in the U.S.
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o Translation of climatic information into water availability (e.g.r
soil moisture and streamflow) and other ecologic variables as
required by water resource and natural resource modelers.
o Development of linkages with economic activities in various sectors
(e.g., forestry) competing for the water resources.
o Report on impacts of changing land use on soil nitrogen cycling and
gas exchange in humid tropical forests.
o Report on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics along a tundra to
tropical forest transect.
o Report on climate-related factors affecting the formation and
decomposition of persistent organic matter in soils.
o Completion of a. preliminary report documenting long-term trends in
ecological systems resulting from the joint effects of changes in
human population density, land cover/land use, point and non-point
.source contaminant loadings to watersheds, and superimposed effects
of climate variability and change. Principal causes of trend
fluctuations will be identified and utilized to infer possible
future ecological risks in selected geographical settings along the
U.S. Atlantic coast.
o the risk assessment capabilities of a process-based, integrated
watershed runoff/instream or lake water quality modeling predicting
the effects of climate change meteorological conditions on aquatic
systems and fisheries will be demonstrated at local, watershed, and
regional spatial scales.
o Research will be published detailing the effects of elevated carbon
dioxide (CO2) and temperature on above- and below ground processes,
including ecosystem carbon, water, and nitrogen budgets of the
Douglas-fir seedling-soil system.
o The adapted general ecosystem and stand models developed in 1997
will be used to predict the effects of global change, elevated CO2,
and other stressors on the carbon storage in Douglas fir ecosystems
of the Pacific Northwest.
o A simulation model for estimating the exchanges of carbon between
the biosphere and atmosphere, and associated uncertainties, caused
by changes in the cover, use, and management of land due to human
activities; the spatial data bases produced in 1997 will serve as
input for this model.
o Report on coupling of a General Circulation Model with a Land
Surface/Physical Hydrology Model, and a Thermal Diffusion Lake Model
for use in assessing impacts of land-use and climate change on Great
Lakes regional watersheds.
1997
o Prepare reports on .data and evaluation of steam reforming as it
applies to conversion of biomass to transportation fuels with the
potential to reduce net CO2 emissions by over 70% per vehicle at
half the cost per vehicle mile.
o. Develop fundamental combustion data for various biomass fuels with
the objective being to provide more efficient and lower emission
systems.
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Report on validation of fire algorithm and comparison satellite data
sets for fire detection and areal extent of biomass fires.
Digital landscape change data base 'for Mid-Atlantic Region of the
United States.
Report on model of soils biogeochemistry for Global Change.
The Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program will obtain
preliminary results from research in three areas related to climate
change: Development and demonstration of integrated risk assessment
methodologies; Ecological and hydrological responses in the coastal
zones, lakes, and rivers due to changes in sea level and precipita-
tion, and associated impacts on habitats, water supply, natural
resources and public health; and Economic assessment of impacts, and
relative risk of climate change versus other anthropogenic
stressors.
Report on coupling of a General Circulation Model with a Land
Surface/Physical Hydrology Model, and a Thermal Diffusion Lake Model
for use in assessing impacts of land-use and climate change on Great
Lakes regional watersheds.
General ecosystem and forest stand models will be adapted to the
forests of the Pacific Northwest for predicting the long-term
effects of climate change. The new model will be used to simulate
the carbon dynamics and nutrient cycles of Douglas fir forests of
the Oregon Cascades.
New spatially explicit data bases will be developed on the carbon
pools in vegetation and soils and the patterns of rates of change in
land use and land management for the US, some countries in central
Africa, and Brazil. Methods to correct remote sensing estimates of
land cover change and Carbon flux to account for mis-classification
will also be developed.
Completion of a report for the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP) on recent technical advances which make it possible to
measure variability in the oxygen and CO2 content in air with great
precision. These advances help to narrow key uncertainties in the
global carbon budget concerning inter-annual variability and
longer-term changes in net biospheric carbon storage, and also
enable distinction between productivity changes in terrestrial and
marine systems related to climate variability and change.
A watershed runoff model for estimating climate change effects will
be published and evaluated in Oklahoma and Minnesota. A technique
for estimating the low temperature tolerance for warm- and coolwater
fishes, comparable to one developed earlier for determining warm
water tolerances, will be completed and its applicability
demonstrated.
Utilize an in-house research facility for ammonia/secondary loops to
report on losses associated with secondary loop systems for
supermarket refrigeration. Perform initial tests with ammonia as
the primary refrigerant.
Evaluate, for refrigerator/freezers, alternative technology that
uses two separate .refrigeration cycles. This would allow a more
optimized system for consideration of a greater number of
environmentally friendly refrigerants with greater energy
efficiency.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
AIR TOXICS
o Health effects assessments from chronic (life-time) and acute
(short-term) exposures and cancer risk determinations 'will be
developed to support assessments of urban area sources. These
values will be added to the Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS).
o Provide technical information through the Control Technology Center
to states, local communities and the private sector on the
performance and cost of stationary source air toxic control
technologies and pollution prevention approaches.
o Journal articles on (1) sorbent capture of mercury in high
temperature combustion systems and (2) parameters that govern
sorption/desorption of mercury species.
o The Air RISC will communicate risk assessment methodologies and
respond to air pollution questions from Regional, state, and
community air pollution control offices.
o The exposure-response model of acute and recurrent exposures to
phosgene for varying dose rates will be evaluated for cross-
pollutant extrapolation. This prototype model of effects of dose
rate (i.e., varying concentration and time) for acute exposures will
be evaluated. For the program office, these models support improved
low-dose extrapolation for residual risk of respiratory irritants;
for the Office of Research and Development, these results support
development of new acute risk assessment methodologies.
o Results for the prototype exposure-response model being developed
for the neurotoxicant toluene or another widely-used solvent, will
be published and will focus on the effects of dose rate (i.e.,
concentration and time) on response for acute and recurrent acute
exposures. Results from clinical and animal studies 'will be
completed to couple human clinical exposures to animal results using
pharmacokinetic models. The linkage of animal and clinical results
will enable more confident cross-species extrapolation for improved
risk assessment by the program office.
o Benchmark dose software, categorical regression software, and the
revised cancer guidelines will be used for dose-response
assessments.
o Evaluation of application of human biomarker methods using ambient
U.S. exposures to particles that induce DNA adducts (polycyclic
organic matter) in human target tissues. This effort will link high
exposure concentrations in the Czech Republic and animal studies of
cancer to biomarkers in the U.S. population.
o Studies will be conducted to support extrapolation of immune
function hazards in animals to humans. For the program office this
represents development of a more complete basis for residual risk
assessment for hazardous air pollutants.
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1997
o An urban modeling and comparative field evaluation study of total
human exposure to air toxies. A report on models and measurements
used to support population based human exposure assessments of urban
air toxics.
o Completed development and adaptation of the Regional Particulate
Module of Models-3 begun for mercury and semi-volatile compounds.
o Potency estimates for a series of highly potent carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will be determined based on lung
tumor formation in mice. These estimates will replace the default
estimates for these agents that have been historically based on
mouse skin tumors, a non-relevant target tissue for humans. This
study will help the program office by improving the cancer risk
assessment for this class of air carcinogen.
o Consultation in the form of MMT (a manganese fuel additive) Tier II
protocol review and fuel/fuel additive assessment review will be
provided to the Office of Air and Radiation/Office of Mobile
Sources. A MMT Tier II protocol is a testing protocol, like
neurotoxicity test, developmental tests, etc,
o Evaluation of the pharmokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) to determine the metabolism of this chemical in humans will
be completed. The results of this research will provide a more
confident scientific basis for the Office of Mobile Sources to use
in evaluating risks of MTBE as a means to reduce carbon monoxide in
urban areas.
o Report on vehicle emissions rates of toxic compounds emitted over a
range of fuels, engines, temperatures and driving conditions.
Report on the measurement of the full range of combustion products,
including air toxic species, from new fuel additives.
o Release of information evaluating the potential impact on
susceptible subpopulations (e.g., asthmatics) of co-exposure to
indoor biocontaminants (such as house dust mites) and more
conventional pollutants e.g., nitrogen dioxide, PM, hazardous air
pollutants, ozone).
o Release of information comparing individuals who identify themselves
as belonging to a particular subgroup (multiple chemical
sensitivity) against established norms for a variety of health-
related endpoints, and recommendations for follow up to evaluate the
potential relationship between the signs/symptoms reported by these
individuals and objective/quantitative health endpoints.
o Through a joint Office of Air and Radiation and office of Research
and Development effort, complete and publish studies on the health
effects of benzene 1,3-butadiene, particulate air pollution, and
ozone.
Develop health effects assessments from chronic (life-time) and
acute (short-term) exposures and cancer risk determinations to
support urban area source risk assessments. These values will be
developed and added to IRIS.
Software for the benchmark dose calculation will be developed and
distributed.
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o The Air RISC hotline is continuing to-operate and respond to 100-
200 inquiries from local, state, Regional, and Federal health and
environmental protection offices.
o Research will be initiated in two areas related to residual risk
determinations and the urban area source strategy: l) risks from
urban air toxics and 2) the effects of air toxics on natural
ecosystems. Preliminary results from grants currently funded by the
STAR program will yield information on: (1) mechanistic studies of
isoprene and aromatic hydrocarbons; (2) advanced infrared laser
remote sensing technique to monitor on-road nitrogen oxides
emissions from motor vehicles; (3) Lagrangian (the difference
between kinetic and potential energy of a system of particles)
modeling of pollutant dispersal in the atmospheric boundary layer;
and (4) tracer studies of sulfur dioxide in clouds.
o Research reports and journal articles on effects of trace metal
contamination, gaseous products of incomplete combustion, and soot
content on the formation of dioxin and other halogenated compounds
in oil-fired and natural-gas-fired combustors.
o Research reports on parameters influencing mercury speciation in
combustion environments. This is important because of
mercury/utility studies and the potential for future mercury
standards.
o Develop health effects assessments from chronic (life-time) and
acute (short-term) exposures and cancer risk determinations to
support urban area source risk assessments. These values will be
developed and added to IRIS.
o Software for the benchmark dose calculation will be developed and
distributed.
o A second Hazardous Air Pollutant test rule, including up to 20
chemicals, is being completed to provide data for future development
of health effects assessments from chronic (life-time) exposures and
cancer risk determinations.
o Publish the exposure-response model of acute and recurrent exposures
to phosgene for varying dose rates. Evaluate this prototype model
of effects of dose rate (i.e., varying concentration and time) for
acute exposures. For the program office, these models support
improved low-dose extrapolation for residual risk of respiratory
irritants; for the Office of Research and Development, these results
support development of new acute risk assessment methodologies.
o Publish the results for the prototype exposure-response model being
developed for the neurotoxicant trichloroethylene, a widely-used
solvent, which focuses on the effects of dose rate (i.e.,
concentration and time) on response for acute and recurrent acute
exposures. Initiate new studies of toluene, or another prototype
neurotoxicant, to couple human clinical exposures to animal results
using pharmacokinetic models. The linkage of animal and clinical
results will enable more confident cross-species extrapolation for
improved risk assessment by the program office.
o Complete the first biologically based exposure-response model for
the developmental toxicant methanol. Describe the role of ,folate
deficiency, the putative mechanism of methanol developmental
toxicity. For the Office of Air and Radiation these results support
evaluation of methanol as an alternative fuel and aid evaluation of
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the potential for developmental toxicity in folate-deficient women
in the United States.
o Evaluate ambient U.S. exposures to particles that induce DNA adducts
(polycyclic organic matter) in human target tissues. This effort
will eventually link high exposure concentrations in the Czech
Republic and animal studies of cancer to biomarkers in the U.S.
population.
o Describe a preliminary analysis for extrapolation of immune function
hazards in animals to humans. For the program office this
represents development of a more complete basis for residual risk
assessment for hazardous air pollutants.
o Compile a mixture interaction model for carcinogenic polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons {PAHs) . Previously, mixtures of two PAHs have
been published with respect to tumor outcomes using mouse skin. The
interactions of environmental PAHs in a five component mixture will
be reported using lung tumors as the toxicological endpoint. This
study will help to set the bounds for interactions among mixtures of
PAHs and help refine the risk assessment by the program office for
this class of air carcinogen.
o Development and adaptation of the Regional Particulate Module of
Models-3 begun for mercury and semi-volatile compounds.
o Development of a new generation urban industrial source emissions
dispersion model (AERMOD) for .air toxics for regulatory permitting
and compliance use.
o Reviews of specific risk assessments for industry waivers of fuels
and fuel additives will be provided to the Office of Air and
Radiation for consultation.
o Implement a clinical study of the pharmokinetics of MTBE or other
fuel additives to evaluate the metabolism of this chemical in
humans. The results of this research will provide a more confident
scientific basis for the Office of Mobile Sources within the Office
of Air and Radiation to use in evaluating risks of MTBE as a means
to reduce carbon monoxide in urban areas.
o A report on the variability of mobile sources related to CO and
inhalable particulate matter (as a surrogate for toxic compounds) in
the San Francisco Bay area. leading to the development of a total
human exposure model.
o Report on vehicle emissions rates of toxic compounds emitted over a
range of fuels, engines, temperatures and driving conditions.
Report on the measurement of the full range of combustion products,
including air toxic species, from new fuel additives.
o Research will be initiated in loadings of air toxics in the Great
Lakes and Chesapeake Bay related to residual risk determinations.
o Standard test methods to measure and models to predict the
composition of pollutants and their emission rates from indoor
materials, products, and activities; also, innovative ventilation
and air cleaning strategies to control indoor pollutants
(microbials, organic vapors, and particles). Specific outputs
include the following:
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Prepare a paper on the effectiveness and efficacy of
mitigating microbial contamination on interior porous HVAC
surfaces by using encapsulants to remediate the contamination.
Prepare a report on the impact of air duct cleaning in
residential dwellings on indoor air quality considering the
effects of suspended airborne particulates including dust and
dirt, fiber contribution and shedding, bioaerosols,
temperature, and relative humidity.
Develop and validate a model that simulates individual
volatile organic chemicals emissions from alkyd paints and
complete studies to quantify aldehyde emissions that are
formed as a byproduct during the curing process after
painting.
Comparisons of indoor air studies in three large chambers
(U.S., Canada and Australia) that, coupled with chamber
experiments conducted in EPA's large chamber in 1996, will
form the basis for development of a standard guide for indoor
air emission testing in large chambers.
Preliminary results on the following:
Indoor air quality in large office buildings in the midwest
United States.
A study of ozone concentrations gradients in large buildings
including an examination of indoor chemistry, ventilation,
occupant health effects and effects on HVAC systems.
Bioaerosols, health and productivity in large office
buildings.
Update indoor air bibliographic data base.
Report on the .acute .health effects of organic vapors in indoor
environments.
Standardize sampling procedures for measuring exposures to aero-
allergens.
Publication characterizing micro-environmental exposures to
persistent organics.
Through a joint Office' of Air and Radiation and Office of Research
and Development effort, initiate new investigations into the
mechanisms by which atmospheric particles may cause toxicity and
illness to humans.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS
Particulate Matter (PM)
o Report describing size, nature, and health status of populations at
elevated altitudes.
o Report on methods and analyses for identifying air pollution
episodes and temporal displacement of mortality .and morbidity.
o Report on methods for using alternative exposure metrics in
prospective cohort studies for long-term effects of air pollution.
o Report on interaction of PM with co-pollutants and weather and
effects on mortality and morbidity.
o Report on effects of coarse and fine particles in causing asthma.
o Report on particle size distribution of diesel exhaust during on-
road operations.
o Report on applying real-time particle sizing systems to on-road
diesel sampling.
o Report on the size and chemical composition of particle emissions
resulting from pulverized coal combustion,
o Develop improved techniques to estimate fugitive particle emissions
from construction site activities.
o Develop field testing protocol to determine ammonia emissions from
animal waste lagoons. This will eventually lead to data on ammonia
emissions, where none exist currently. Ammonia is a precursor for
fine PM from ecological systems .
o Peer-reviewed article on adult lung function as a predictor of
mortality.
o Identify and characterize particle- specif ic and subpopulation
factors which affect PM exposure.
o Characterize factors which affect human susceptibility and response
to PM exposure.
o Identify and evaluate putative mechanisms of PM toxicity in humans.
o Evaluate the implications of the research results on the
interpretation of PM epidemiological studies.
o Determine the causal mechanism of PM toxicity especially identifying
the particle types (e.g., ultrafine, fine and coarse) and
characteristics (e.g., chemical composition) that are important in
assessing the human health impacts .
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1997
Quantify the source-exposure relationships for PM.
Conduct studies to test new hypotheses of causal mechanisms of PM
toxicity. This information addresses the need to identify and
evaluate the biological plausibility that PM could cause the
associations observed between PM and effects in the human
population.
Evaluate animal dosimetry models and application to normal humans;
conduct studies and develop models for sensitive subpopulations.
This effort is critical in quantitatively linking exposure to
effects and interspecies model development, as well as in
understanding the potential mechanisms in susceptible
subpopulations.
Design and conduct pilot epidemiologic studies using improved
exposure monitoring and subpopulation characterization. This
research supports methodological development for improved
epidemiologic study and evaluation and allows us to test several
hypotheses related to the mechanism by which PM induces mortality.
Develop improved understanding of PM mechanisms at the cellular and
molecular level using in vitro methodologies. These methods enable
focused evaluation of hypotheses regarding putative mechanisms
producing PM effects.
Develop theoretical extrapolation model for sensitive subpopulations
and collect limited data in sensitive 'human subpopulations. This
will provide a greater understanding of the impact on these
sensitive groups.
Initial report addressing the associations between exposure
measurements and health observations obtained from collaboration
with the external epidemiology community in the Baltimore, MD area.
Report on the relationship between long-term exposure to PM10 and
development of airway obstructive disease.
Report on the deposition distribution of ultrafine particles in
human lungs.
Report on the clearance kinetics of iron oxide particles from human
lungs.
Evaluate the fine module predictive capability of the Initial
Operating Version of the Models-3 atmospheric chemistry model, used
to assess the potential impacts of fine particulate source controls
on regional to urban to sub-urban scales.
Technical assistance to Office of Air and Radiation on PM regulatory
issues. Technical assistance to state, regional, and international
offices on issues related to PM.
Collect preliminary data on animal toxicity of fine particles from.
combustion of heavy fuel oil in a commercial boiler.
Collect preliminary data during on-road use on the size
distribution, chemical/physical composition, and emission rates of
fine particles from diesel trucks.
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o Conduct preliminary analysis of data on fine particle entry,
generation, deposition, arid air concentration in a residence
instrumented for research studies of air quality.
o Install equipment and conduct initial testing of fine particulates
emitted from diesel engines to characterize emissions under
different operating conditions.
o Technical assistance to the Office of Air and Radiation on PM
regulatory issues. Technical assistance to state, regional, and
international offices on issues related to PM.
o Research provides information on the following:
development and testing of a state-of-the-art PM module for
regional and urban photochemical models;
cellular mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation by environmental
particles;
distribution of H+ and trace metals in ultra fine ambient
aerosol;
atmospheric free-radical measurements related to photochemical
oxidants in urban air;
formation and physical properties of secondary organic
aerosol;
effects of non-uniform cloud drop composition on pollutant
transformation and removal in winter clouds;
speciation of volatile and reacting compounds in particulate
matter; and
organic tracers of plant classes in biomass combustion and
smoke in aerosols.
o Conduct studies and provide evaluation of surface and soluble metals
as causal factors in PM toxicity. This information begins to
provide causal associations between PM and observed effects in the
human population.
o Report on contribution of bioaerosols in PM10 in inducing
inflammation.
o Series of reports demonstrating the role of transition metals in
PM10 induced lung injury and inflammation.
o Design and initiate studies to test new hypotheses of causal
mechanisms of PM toxicity. This information addresses the need to
identify and evaluate the biological plausibility that PM could
cause the associations observed between PM and effects in the human
population.
o Continue development of animal dosimetry models and evaluation of
application to normal humans; conduct initial studies for sensitive
subpopulations. This effort is critical in quantitatively linking
exposure to effects and interspecies model development.
o Describe interactions between sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposures and
cold air, and between SO2 and sulfuric acid exposures. This effort
begins to elucidate the role of acidity in PM-related effects, which
has significant implications for regulatory strategies.
o Conduct in vitro studies on mechanisms of PM toxicity at the
cellular and signal transduction level using new methodologies.
These studies allow testing and evaluation of hypotheses regarding
how PM could cause toxicity and also support development of improved
extrapolation methods.
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Design and conduct pilot epidemic-logic studies using improved
exposure monitoring and subpopulation characterization. This
research supports methodological development for improved
epiderrtiologic study and evaluation and allows us to test several
hypotheses related to the mechanism by which PM induces mortality.
Second year data on PM characterization in the Southwestern city of
Phoenix, AZ representing very different particle chemistry than
previously studied Eastern cities. Presenting daily PM data by size
fraction and chemical composition for use by the epidemiological
community for comparative health studies.
Annual report on the results of research grade monitoring of PM in
Baltimore, MD characterizing daily PM size fractions and chemical
composition for use by the epidemiological community.
Report on the comparative exposure characteristics of PM in
Baltimore, Phoenix, and the five cities of the PM/Acid Aerosol Five
City Study.
Report on joint PM exposures and morbidity effects on nursing home
occupants under a Baltimore, MD epidemiology study.
Technical specifications for the fine particle Federal Reference
Method promulgation package as part of the new fine particle
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) , including associated
reference and equivalence methods requirements.
Development of an initial operating version of the Models-3 fine
particulate atmospheric chemistry model used to assess the potential
impacts of fine particulate source controls on regional to urban to
sub-urban scales.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OOTPOT CHART
CRITERIA AIR POtiiOTftSTS
Tropospheric Ozone
1998
o A fully evaluated version of a "morphecule" chemical mechanism, a
compact form of detailed chemistry representation, will be available
for use in the Models-3 atmospheric chemistry model and other air
quality simulation models.
o Advanced approaches will be incorporated into Models-3 to provide
high spatial resolution of urban scale features using nested grid
techniques, and major point sources are treated with an explicit
plume-in-grid method. Refinements in models science processes will
take advantage of new super computing developments. Initial
evaluation of Models-3 against field observations taken during the
Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) - Nashville, TN begins. Training
clients (EPA/Office of Air and Radiation, states) in the use of
Models-3 for their analysis of mid-course options.
o Publication of the analysis of SOS - Nashville, TN field data and
findings produced on sources of ozone in the Southeast, including
methods to measure and model ozone and its precursors, all with
applicability to other similar regions of the country.
o Reports on the vertical profiling methods which use pulsed laser for
meteorological variables, and evaluation of the Chemical Mass
Balance Model {version 8) for source identification.
o Application of Observational Based Models in analyzing data from the
North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO)-
Northeast field study. These techniques explore the current ambient
sensitivity of ofcone to controls of nitrogen oxides or hydrocarbons.
o Consultation to the Office of Air and Radiation to support
implementation of the final ozone NAAQS decision.
o Collaborative research to support ozone research needs in the areas
of dosimetry, health effects, and atmospheric chemistry,
o Report on the relationship between long-term exposure to ozone and
development and exacerbation of asthma.
o Report on the relationship between daily exposure to ozone and rate
of hospitalization for cardiopulmonary disease.
o Report on the relationship between lung function and prevalence of
respiratory illness in children and exposure to ozone, PM, nitrogen
dioxide, and acidic air pollution in 12 Southern California
communities.
o Journal article on the cost and performance of reburning as a
control technology for small combustion systems including boilers
and industrial process combustors.
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1997
Journal article on studies to determine actual emissions of ozone
precursors from heavy-duty diesel engines during on-road operations.
The article will include data that compares the emission data
obtained from on-road operation to that obtained from dynamometer
testing.
Publish health effects report containing new biogenic volatile
organic chemicals and nitrogen oxides emission and uncertainty
estimates for the United States.
Publish ecological effects report on monoterpene and oxygenated
volatile organic chemicals emissions from conifers in the United
States.
Complete evaluation of new research model used to estimate emissions
from highway vehicles model that can account for differences in
engine operations, driver behavior, conditions of the vehicle fleet,
vehicle starts.
Clinical and in vitro investigation of disease processes underlying
respiratory effects and asthma will be continued. The extent to
which ozone alone or in conjunction with copollutants and other
factors can induce or exacerbate respiratory disease and asthma will
be the focus of the evaluation.
Studies in humans and animals on adaptation to ozone exposures will
be published and evaluated. Most pulmonary functions return to
baseline with repeated exposures but this does not seem to occur.
Work in human subjects and animal models will continue in an attempt
to determine the mechanistic basis of adaptive responses and role of
dietary and natural antioxidants in this phenomenon,
Risk assessment of ozone impact to forests in the U.S. Refinement
of the 1995 risk assessment taking into consideration interaction
with the environment, modification of the exposure-response as a
function of age and size, and the quantification of ozone effect on
tree species integrating environmental factors. This report will be
significant input into the next revision of the Criteria Document
for ozone.
Review of relevant exposure indices for secondary NAAQS for
protection, of forest species and crops. This report will review the
experimental data to evaluate the form and level of a secondary
NAAQS for protection of long-lived species, e.g. forest trees. This
information will aid the Office of Air and Radiation in evaluating
alternative standards in the next NAAQS review.
Shifts in tnicrobial populations as an indirect response to ozone and
what role these species compositions play in soil properties. These
preliminary observations will provide input to soil adverse effects
considered in the biological database for support of a secondary
NAAQS.
Release of the interim version of the "morphecule" chemical
mechanism, a compact form of detailed chemistry representation, for
use in the Models-3 atmospheric chemistry model. Obtain smog
chamber data of low concentration nitrogen oxides - volatile organic
compounds mixtures which are typical of ambie'nt air. Reports of
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laboratory investigations of aromatic, alkene, and alkoxy reactions
where these compounds are poorly represented in modeled chemistry.
The Initial Operating Version of Models-3, the next generation
atmospheric chemistry model, with complete meteorological and
emissions modules, is released for full testing and evaluation.
Evaluation protocols for Models-3 are developed. User manuals are
provided to Models-3 users.
The SOS database, including field study data, is made available,
complete with a user guide.
NO2/NOy methods are analyzed and recommendations are made to use in
ongoing Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) ambient
measurements. NOy and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) instrumental
methods are also improved'. The Chemical Mass Balance Model (version
8) , a source-receptor observational model, is released for use.
Carbon-14 analysis of biogenic-anthropogenic organics emissions
split from the SOS-Nashville field data is completed. A report on
the measurement of biogenic emissions fluxes within forests is
prepared.
Report on the effects of ozone on maintenance and function of soil
biota in complex mixtures of Ponderosa Pine and Wild Blue Rye Grass.
The results of the study will provide information useful for scaling
from simple, single-plant systems to complex systems characteristic
of natural conditions, thereby improving the extrapolation of data
used in defining the secondary standard for ozone.
Characterize natural source emissions of volatile organic compounds
from harvesting and burning of forests and use 1.1 kilometer
satellite data for estimating seasonal emissions from biogenic
sources,
Publish journal articles on (1) seasonal, active during daylight
hours, and within-canopy patterns of biogenic isoprene emissions and
(2) leaf isoprene emissions from Oak species in the Western United
States.
Present a paper on the analysis of ozone precursor emissions from a
diesel tractor-trailer rig to refine ozone emissions models.
Research model to be developed and tested in a major metropolitan
area to estimate more accurately motor vehicle emissions due to
specific vehicle operations and allocate the emissions spatially and
temporally to meet the needs of hourly gridded atmospheric chemical-
transport models and cost-effective risk reduction strategies.
Technologies and processes, jointly developed with industry, that
address nitrogen oxides emission problems with an emphasis on
combustion modification to minimize the problem at the source;
outreach and diffusion of technologies and information to user
communities and stakeholders. Specific outputs include:
Develop advanced reburn technology for nitrogen oxides control
that can be applied to a variety of combustion sources, such
as boilers, cement kilns, and glass melt tanks. This
technology would enhance the reburn technology and make it
more cost-effective.
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Perform research on a multifuel stoker combustor to evaluate
combustion technologies to reduce NOX emissions in solid-fuel-
fired stokers.
Technical assistance to the Office of Air and Radiation on ozone
regulatory issues including the Ozone Staff Paper. Technical
assistance to state, regional, and international offices on issues
related to ozone.
New research begins on the atmospheric chemistry of ozone formation
and development of new models for predicting ozone air quality.
Also, receive information on: (1) the quantification of uncertainty
in air quality models used for analysis of ozone control strategies;
(2) the measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of
tropospheric ozone; (3) atmospheric free-radical measurements
related to photochemical oxidants in urban air; and (4) human
influence on ozone in the tropical troposphere: An interpretation of
observations using a global three-dimensional model.
Preliminary results from the Ozone Epidemiology Program become
available (fruition of a seven-year program to evaluate the health
effects of ozone resulting from recurrent acute and chronic
exposures) . These results are important for evaluation of the long-
term consequences of exposure to ozone in urban environments.
Clinical and in vitro investigation of disease processes underlying
respiratory effects and asthma are conducted. The extent to which
ozone alone or in conjunction with copollutants and other factors
can induce or exacerbate respiratory disease and asthma is the focus
of the evaluation.
Ozone is known to impart tolerance to itself with continued
exposure. Studies in humans and animals are being published which
demonstrate that this tolerance is not generalized to all health
effects. Most pulmonary functions return to baseline with repeated
exposures but this does not seem to be the case with airway
responsiveness suggesting that airways remain somewhat inflamed,
which may have implications as to chronic effects. Work in human
subjects and animal models is continuing in an attempt to determine
the mechanistic basis of adaptive responses and role of dietary and
natural antioxidants in this phenomenon.
Identification of exposure components critical to effects on trees.
This report summarizes the data available on temporal and seasonal
distribution of concentration and duration of exposure that are most
influential in long-term, multiple year exposure of trees.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS
Other NAAQS/ SIPS Support
1998
o Final Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Criteria Document.
o Consultation to the Office of Air and Radiation to support the
Carbon Monoxide Staff Paper.
o International support to the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan
American Health Organization (PAHO), Pacific Rim countries, and
other countries for assessment efforts.
.o Claims of egjuivalency and challenges to Federal Reference Methods
(FRMs) used to determine compliance with NAAQS will be investigated.
New and revised FRMs taking advantage of new technology will be
developed.
1997
Carbon Monoxide Issues Workshop to receive input from other
scientists to aid in the preparation of the development plan for the
Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Criteria Document.
Carbon Monoxide Cycling Workshop to receive input from other
scientists to aid in the preparation of the development plan for the
Carbon Monoxide Air Quality Criteria Document.
Complete External Review Draft of the Carbon Monoxide Air Quality
Criteria Document for the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee
review.
Conduct jointly supported WHO and U.S.-Dutch risk assessment
symposia.
Conduct risk assessment and pollution prevention workshops in
Pacific Rim countries (China, Korea, etc.).
Claims of equivalency and challenges to Federal Reference Methods
(FRMs) used to determine compliance with NAAQS are investigated and
technically arbitrated. New and revised FRMs taking advantage of
new technology are developed.
The National Performance Audit Program validating the .monitoring and
data in the National Air Monitoring System; and the comparable
Stationary Source Compliance Audit Program validating major source
emissions measurements for compliance certification are maintained
as an independent Quality Assurance function.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
DRINKING WATER
Continued development of screening-level data and more detailed
information on the carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity of
selected disinfection by-products (DBFs), particularly the
trihalomethanes and haloacids.
Research results will be reported from research grants focusing on
the development of novel methods for measuring and determining the
infectivity of Crytosporidiim in drinking water supplies. These
results will be used to improve the risk assessment of exposure to
these organisms and to develop better techniques for use by water
suppliers in monitoring for these pathogens.
Characterization of reported waterbome disease outbreaks (WBDOs) in
the U.S. and on waterbome endemic disease.
Evaluation of the public health impacts of such factors as water
quality, treatment process and demographic characteristics on the
occurrence of waterbome illnesses in selected communities in the
U.S.
Improved method for recovering bacteriophages, bacterial viruses,
from water for improved monitoring of drinking water.
Reports on strategies for detection of emerging viruses for
assessing sources of exposure.
Improved methods for quantification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in
water by enzyme-immunoassay for better water quality monitoring.
Innovative procedures for detection of Microsporidian oocysts in
water.
Information regarding the mechanisms of the formation of DBFs will
be further explored for recommended alternate treatment processes.
Publication of mixtures studies on threshold models for cancer and
noncancer endpoints. This research will fill data gaps in assessing
risks of specific drinking water .mixtures and their interactions.
It will provide measures to determine whether single chemical
assessments over or underestimate actual risks,
Publication of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR)
studies. Research results will provide tools for estimating risks
of single chemicals or mixtures for which there is little or no
health effects data.
Report on Comparative Risk Framework. This research will provide
the outline for comparing and trading off microbial chemical risks.
It will also provide direction for research areas and data gaps
needed to be filled.
Evaluation of optimized conventional treatment and the role of
physical damage to Cryptosporidiuin through treatment to determine
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removal and inactivatiori of Cryptosporidium. This will provide
important information in determining if additional, more expensive
treatment is needed to protect human health.
o Evaluation of the effect of pipe wall materials and biofilra on
consumption of disinfectant residuals.
o Evaluation of the ability of membrane technologies to control
oocysts in finished drinking water for small system applications.
o Evaluation of biologically active filtration to control
Cryptosporidium oocysts. This will help define the ability of this
technology to control oocysts at treatment plants employing ozone.
o Report on laboratory and field experiments to provide hydro
geologic, geochernical, and microbiological evaluation criteria for
assessing the transport and survivability of viruses in the
subsurface. These criteria will provide support to the development
of the Ground Water Disinfection Rule.
o Report on methods to assess the vulnerability of ground water to
viral contamination. This report will provide support for options
to determine when ground water disinfection will be required.
o Reports on biological mechanisms (including pharmacokinetics and
mechanisms of action) of toxicity of selected DBFs (e.g.,
dichloroacetic acid) and arsenic.
o Detailed reports on the use of drinking water in foods, associations
with dietary ingestion and fate of DBFs. Improved measures of total
ingestion of DBFs.
o Detailed reports of human water use activities in indoor
environments for the general population and some sub-populations
that might be a greater risk because of specific use patterns,
living conditions, age, etc.
o Reports .on the profile of transfer of DBFs .between the various
indoor media in relation to the activities outlined.
o Analytical protocols for arsenic speciation at low concentration in
various foods and aerosols.
o Peer reviewed journal articles on the process involved in species
conversion during cooking and other activities involving drinking
water.
o Risk assessment document and estimate of levels of risk associated
with exposures to viruses in drinking water.
o Preliminary report on risks associated with arsenic exposures from
dietary sources and water.
o Improved methods for assessing interactions of DBF mixtures, and
improved methods for assessing and designing epidemiologic studies.
o Issue paper on risk to children from exposure to drinking -water.
o Detailed reports on methodology for detecting and enumerating
emerging pathogens and their occurrence in drinking water.
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1997
Advice and assistance to the clients of small systems Centers
authorized by the 1996 SDWAA.
Models to predict the impact of upstream discharges on downstream
water supplies.
Establishment of criteria for optimal investment in infrastructure
needed to meet maximum contaminant levels in water treatment and
distribution systems.
o Hazard identification and dose-response data on priority drinking
water contaminants (e.g., bromate, bromodichloromethane,
dibromoacetic acid) for cancer and noncancer effects. Parameters
for biologically based dose-response models for dichloroacetic acid
and bromodichloromethane will be further developed. These data will
permit an improved characterization of DBF risks to humans.
o Data on Cryptosporidium virulence markers, infective doses and
viability that will aid in assessing risk due to the presence of
these organisms in water. Cultural methods for Cryptosporidium will
also be developed.
o Effective detection methods will be developed that may be used to
assess the level of Norwalk virus and other, non-culturable or
difficult-to-culture viruses in water matrices.
o Research will be conducted to develop immunoassay methods for
detection of waterbome human enteric viruses, and pathogenic
protozoa and bacteria.
o DBFs resulting from alternative disinfectants will be identified.
Pollutants in both the raw water prior to disinfection and the
finished water will be determined. Alternative disinfectants to be
explored are ozone, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and titanium
dioxide/ultrviolet.
o Analytical methods and techniques will be investigated that can be
used to measure non-volatile and difficult to extract DBFs. Methods
for aldehydes, by-products of ozonation, will also be developed.
o Development of dose response assessments and models for Giardia and
Cryptosporidium. This data for use in establishing pathogen
specific risk estimates for use in setting regulatory levels under
ESWTR.
o Development Cancer and Noncancer assessments for selected Brominated
Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Ozonated DBFs for use in establishing
maximum contamination levels in the promulgation of Stage 1 DBF
rule.
o Evaluation of epidemiolbgic studies o.f reproductive. effects
associated with exposures to chlorinated water using improved
statistical models and dietary intake data. This will provide
important information for establishing risk associated with DBFs in
drinking water and input for cost benefit and trade analysis.
o Publication of models and methods for the estimation of interactions
and thresholds for complex drinking mixtures; This research will
provide risk assessment tools for assessing drinking water mixtures.
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Publication of findings from epidemiologic workshop. Information
provides a comprehensive evaluation of all existing studies, their
appropriateness for establishing causal relationships and actual
risks. Also provides a strategic plan for addressing data gaps and
confounding factors as well as recommendation for future studies.
Evaluation of conventional sand columns to assess filtration damage
viability to Cryptosporidium oocysts. This will provide important
information about the ability of conventional sand filtration to
inactivate Cryptosporidium and if additional, more expensive
treatment is needed to protect human health,
Comparative evaluation of ozone inactivation of Cryptosporidium and
other micro organisms. This will provide important information on
the ability of ozone to inactivate Cryptosporidium and support the
Interim and Final Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rules,
Evaluation of bag filters for Cryptosporidium removal. Bag filters
are a potential technology for small systems to control
Cryptosporidium. This will provide a better understanding of the
appropriateness of this technology for that purpose.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of biological filtration (with ozone
as a predisinfectant) in controlling the formation of DBPs. This
will provide important input for developing operating strategies to
minimize the formation of DBPs.
Pilot scale evaluation of ion exchange technology for removing
arsenic from drinking water. This will help identify appropriate
technologies for small systems to use to control arsenic.
Preliminary results from research to develop and evaluate methods
for assessing the vulnerability of ground water to viral
contamination. These will provide initial support for the
development of criteria for ground water disinfection.
Workshop and report on the mode of action of arsenic toxicity. This
research will enhance our understanding of arsenic mechanism of
action and toxicity at low doses and provide guidance for revising
current arsenic risk estimates, as well as identifying areas of
research needs.
Preliminary assessment of arsenic exposures from various media.
This assessment effort will provide valuable information on the
extent and magnitude of arsenic exposures to humans from various
sources including drinking/ It will provide information on
background levels and identify critical data gaps.
Development of a genomic database for Cryptosporidium species.
Development of a quantitative cell culture-based infectivity assay
for Cryptosporidium parvtun in source and finished water,
Development of efficient methods for measuring the incidence and
viability of emerging pathogens in water to identify the causative
agents in waterborne disease outbreaks.
Determine the efficacy of ultraviolet radiation as a disinfectant in
drinking water.
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o improve our understanding of the risks associated with exposure to
primary waterborne pathogens as a function of age, nutrition,
protective immunity, and behavioral patterns.
o Improve methods for estimating human exposures to the by-products of
different disinfection treatments,, including biochemical markers of
human exposure.
o Evaluate morphological, 'biochemical, and/or molecular alterations
that may be useful as markers of effect and susceptibility.
o Examine the feasibility of assessing the relative toxicity of DBF
mixtures in drinking water.
o Improve extraction procedures and advanced instrumentation to
characterize the non-volatile and difficult to extract organic and
inorganic by-products.
o Final report and publication of research on " Effect of Various
Disinfection Methods on the Inactivation of Cryptosporidivm"
o Final report and publication on "Application of Polymerization Chain
Reaction Technologies for Virus Detection in Groundwater"
o Final report and publication on "Microbial Impact on Filtration".
o Initiation of study on: Design and feasibility of studies on endemic
disease associated with microbes in drinking water.
o Initiation of study on: Identification of geographic areas for
possible epidemiologic studies.
o Initiation of .Feasibility analysis and design of research to
evaluate microbiologic constituents and treatability in source
waters.
o Initiation of research proposals on development of methods for
predicting THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs).
o Initiation of research proposals on Validity of dose response models
for Cryptosporidium using low doses in test animals.
o Initiation of research proposals for fields studies on the
formation, occurrence, stability and dominance of HAAs and THMs.
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1998
RESEARCH MUD DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
WASTE/SITE/RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Continued technical assistance and support to the USEPA Regions and
states for application of innovative characterization and monitoring
technologies and exposure models for the evaluation or assessment of
RCRA waste facilities. This support will ensure that the latest
technologies are applied to corrective actions required at RCRA
hazardous waste disposal facilities. In addition, it will ensure
that state environmental agencies also have access to these same
innovative technologies. Support is focused in three areas:
Satellite and aircraft based remote sensing technologies,
Latest ecological and human exposure models.
Innovative physical and chemical characterization/measurement
technologies.
Research results and reports on innovative, surface-based
geophysical characterization technologies for determining subsurface
structure and location of contaminants. These new tools will allow
more rapid, accurate, and cost-effective characterization, and
subsequently cleanup of Underground Storage Tank (UST) sites and
RCRA waste site identified for corrective action. Examples are:
Ground penetrating radar to delineate subsurface, light
non-aqueous phase liquids.
Electrical resistivity tomography to delineate subsurface,
light non-aqueous phase liquids.
Guidance document for cost-effective site characterization through
geostatistical sampling design and estimation. Application of this
guidance to RCRA waste disposal sites requiring corrective action or
to UST sites will significantly improve spatial resolution of
contaminant location "maps" which generally leads to lower cleanup
costs.
Speciation of selenium compounds in environmental samples. This new
analytical methods will now allow for the direct determination of
the toxic, bioavailable species of selenium. This will result in
more accurate, realistic risk assessments at RCRA facilities where
selenium is found'.
Research reports and models targeted at providing the basic fate,
transport and transformation process science and building blocks
necessary for reducing uncertainty in multimedia modeling
predictive tools will be produced. This area of research is
critically important since it provides the science underpinnings to
Office of Solid Waste (OSW) regulatory reform efforts related to
their Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR). These efforts will
result in more accurate and realistic exposure and risk assessments
of contaminants released from RCRA related facilities. Anticipated
research products are:
Report on upgrade of MMSOILS models for phase II model
benchmarking.
Factors affecting reductive dehalogenation of PCB' s in anoxic
sediments.
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1997
Continued technical support to Regional permit writers of how to
evaluate the health risks from combustion facilities. These efforts
will result in more proper and consistent application of the
indirect exposure methodology.
Research reports and models targeted at providing the basic fate/
transport and transformation process science and building blocks
necessary for reducing uncertainty in multimedia modeling predictive
tools will be produced. This area of research is critically
important since it provides the science underpinnings to OSW's
regulatory reform efforts related to their Hazardous Waste
Identification Rule (HWIR). These efforts will result in more
accurate and realistic exposure and risk assessments of contaminants
released from RCRA related facilities. Anticipated research products
are:
Revised MINTEQA2 model with updated thermodynamic and sorption
databases for HWIR.
Characterization of subsurface redox environments for HWIR.
User's manual for windows-based computer system for the
estimation of chemical properties Calculator.
Automated fate parameterization techniques into the
groundwater modeling system.
Continued technical assistance and support to the USEPA Regions and
states for application of innovative characterization and monitoring
technologies and exposure models for the evaluation or assessment of
RCRA waste facilities. This support will ensure that the latest
technologies are applied to corrective actions required at RCRA
hazardous waste disposal facilities. In addition, it will ensure
that state environmental agencies also have access to these same
innovative technologies. Support is focused in the three following
areas:
Satellite and aircraft based remote sensing technologies.
Latest ecological and human exposure models.
Innovative physical and chemical characterization/measurement
technologies.
Research results and reports on innovative, surface-based
geophysical characterization technologies for determining subsurface
structure and location of contaminants. These new tools will allow
more rapid, accurate, and cost-effective characterization, and
subsequently cleanup, of UST sites and RCRA facilities requiring
corrective actions. Examples are:
Expedited site characterization guidance and software on
CDROM.
ASTM standards for ground water monitoring and environmental
characterization.
Direct determination of polymiclear aromatic compounds by capillary
electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. This
method will greatly improve our ability to analyze RCRA related
samples for this class of persistent, toxic compounds commonly found
at waste disposal facilities.
Enhanced exposure factors, toxicity values, rate constants, and
exposure/risk models in support of OSW's Hazardous Waste
Identification Rule.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OTJPUT CHART
WASTE/SITE/RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Superfund
Research results and reports on innovative, surface-based
geophysical characterization technologies for determining subsurface
structure and location of contaminants. These new tools will allow
for more rapid, accurate, and cost-effective characterization, and
subsequently cleanup, of Superfund sites. Examples are:
Borehole dielectric tool.
High frequency electromagnetic instrument.
Complex resistivity methods.
Research results and reports on innovative technologies and methods
for the analysis of contaminants from Superfund sites will be
produced. These analytical technologies will be field oriented; more
accurate, precise, and specific; and less expensive. All of these
factors will allow for more rapid, timely, and economical
characterizations of Superfund sites to conduct initial risk
assessments or to define and monitor the progress of site
remediations. Examples of these innovative analytical technologies
are:
Enzyme-electrode biosensors for screening of phenolic
compounds at Superfund sites.
Immunochemical techniques for the analysis of co-planar
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)at Superfund sites.
A multi-laboratory evaluation of a new pesticide screening
analytical method using gas chromatography/atomic emission
detection.
Demonstration and verification reports on innovative field
measurement and characterization technologies are routinely
produced. This program was developed to stimulate the acceptance and
use of innovative technologies that are commercially available by
USEPA regions, states, and the private sector. Generally, new
technologies are slow to be accepted and used because they lack
scientifically valid, independent data related to their performance
under actual field (Superfund) conditions. This program generates
these data and disseminates them to the user community, thus
stimulating the acceptance and use of these 'new, innovative
technologies. Examples of sampling and analytical technologies
undergoing or planned for field demonstrations are:
Field portable gas cliromatography/mass spectrometry.
Field methods for the analysis of mercury.
Arrays of analytical sensors on cone penetrometers.
Field sampling methods (e.g., soil gas samplers).
Research results and reports on innovative approaches to sampling
and on more efficient and technically sound approaches to the
analysis of Superfund site characterization data.. These results
provide more efficient and cost-effective approaches to
characterizing waste sites. Often, remediation costs are
significantly reduced if these approaches are used, because they
result in more precise maps of the location of the contamination,
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1997
usually resulting in a smaller area that needs to be cleaned up.
Examples of planned activities include:
Guidance document for cost-effective site characterization
through geostatist.ical .sampling design and estimation.
Robust statistical methods for better analysis of
environmental data.
o Research results and reports on the development of physiologically-
based pharmacokitietics dose-response models .and the use of benchmark
dose methods to derive toxicity values. This effort will allow
regional risk assessors to incorporate the latest scientific
information into their dose-response assessments.
o Develop additional statistical distributions for exposure factors.
This will allow complex stochastic (Monte Carlo) models of
variability and uncertainty to be applied at Superfund sites.
o Further development and validation of a physiologically-based
biokinetics uptake made for evaluating the risk from lead
contaminated soils. These results will make the evaluation of lead
sites more consistent and scientifically defensible.
o Research results and reports and expert tools on how to more
accurately evaluate the toxicologlc properties of complex mixtures
of contaminants. This will enable risk assessors to depart from the
traditional assumption of toxicologic additivity when scientifically
defensible.
o Research results and reports on the dermal absorption of Superfund
soil contaminants.
o Upgrade the Risk Assistant expert tool to evaluate sites. This tool
will allow Regional risk assessors to rapidly perform risk
evaluations.
o Toxicity Equivalency Factors (TEFs) based on research on: 1) the
reproductive and developmental effects of persistent bioaccumulating
chemicals in several fish species, 2} toxic mechanisms and
metabolism in rodents, and 3) methods and models for assessing the
interactive effects of persistent bioaccumulating chemicals in
rodents.
Demonstration and verification reports on innovative field
measurement and characterization technologies are routinely
produced. This program was developed to stimulate the acceptance and
use of innovative technologies that are commercially available by
USEPA regions, states, and the private sector. Generally, new
technologies are slow to be accepted and used because they lack
scientifically valid, independent data related to their performance
under actual field (Superfund) conditions. This program generates
these data and disseminates them to the user community, thus
stimulating the acceptance and use of these new, innovative
technologies. An example of an analytical technology current
undergoing demonstration is:
Field portable x-ray fluorescence analytical methods for the
on-site analysis of toxic metals in soils. • .
Research results and reports on innovative technologies and methods
for the analysis of contaminants from Superfund sites will be
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produced. These analytical technologies will be field oriented; more
accurate, precise, and specific; and less expensive. All of these
factor will allow for more rapid, timely, and economical
characterizations of Superfund sites for initial risk assessment or
to define and monitor the progress of site remediations. Examples of
these innovative analytical and sampling technologies are:
Open-path .FT-IR analytical methods for the analysis of air
samples from Superfund sites.
Speciation of arsenic in environmental samples.
Soil sampling for characterizing hazardous waste sites,
Computer Software for the Interpretation of Non-Invasive Ground
Penetrating Eadar to Delineate Subsurface Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids.
This software will improve our ability to more accurately locate,
and thus remediate, pools of petroleum products and chlorinated
solvents in the subsurface at Superfund sites.
Continued technical assistance and support on evaluating health
risks at Superfund sites. This effort will help ensure greater
accuracy and consistency in Regional risk assessments.
Research results and reports on physiologically-based
pharmacokinetics dose-response models.
Research results and reports on how to evaluate the toxicologic
properties of complex mixtures of contaminants; upgrade of the MIX-
TOX database for binary mixtures. This will provide up-to-date
scientific data on mixtures to Regional risk assessors.
Journal articles/documents: 1) on the capability of natural
microbial communities to degrade organic wastes, 2) reviewing the
applicable methods to identify toxic metabolites of biodegradation
processes, 3) on the development and validation of ecological
indicators of estuarine health and integrity, 4) on methods for
differentiating between natural and anthropogenic stressors, and 5)
that further establish, the scientific credibility of the QSAR expert
system, and associated models, in ASTER,
Development of a workshop that demonstrates the use of emerging risk
assessment methods at Superfund sites. This workshop will
facilitate the proper application of the latest and most
scientifically defensible risk assessment methods.
Toxicity Equivalency Factors (TIFs) based on research on: 1} the
reproductive and developmental effects of persistent bioaccumulating
chemicals in several fish species, 2) toxic mechanisms and
metabolism in rodents, and 3} methods and models for assessing the
interactive effects of persistent bioaccumulating chemicals in
rodents.
Report describing what factors affect soil adherence and development
of a national database of human activity patterns associated with
dermal contact with soil. This will produce more accurate estimates
of risk from the soil ingestion pathway.
Revised Exposure Factors Handbook, available on CD-ROM, which will
facilitate more consistent regional risk assessments.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
WASTE MANAGEMENT & SITE REMEDIATION
Hazardous Wastes
"Report on the effectiveness of natural attentuation (NA) in various
soil matrices, with guidance on the appropriate approach to
screening for potential NA effectiveness. This document will
provide information on NA applicability to site regulators and
managers.
Report on results of bench-scale studies of the applicability of
reactive barriers to treatment of groundwater contaminated by such
inorganics as arsenic and mercury. These results will indicate
whether PRB processes have a good potential for remediating
groundwater containing such contaminants, and what additional field
testing is needed to further develop such processes.
Produce a report on study of application of permeable reactive
barriers to ground-water plumes contaminated with hexavalent chrome
and chlorinated solvents. This case study report will provide
technical information for use in making remediation decisions at
numerous similar sites.
Produce report on characterization and modeling of contaminant
transport in fractured carbonate rock. This report will advance our
understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants in these
strata resulting in better risk assessments and more informed risk
management decisions.
Produce a report on the effectiveness of an in-situ treatment for
chromium wastes to be used by industrial facility site remediators
when selecting more-cost-effective, shorter term cleanup options.
Expand laboratory evaluation of models that describe subsurface
movement of nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) and more complex
wastes. These models are used to develop improved approaches for
remediating NAPLs.
Produce preliminary reports on the effectiveness of bioremediation
in a variety of soil matrices to demonstrate the potential
effectiveness of this technique and to provide results to be used in
determining whether there are significant risks from the residuals.
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1998
1997
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
WASTE MANAGEMENT & SITE REMEDIATION
Superfund
SITE demonstrations and emerging technology reports on the cost
effectiveness of innovative site management/remediation technologies
applicable to complex remediation problems such as improved
containment systems, reactive barriers and bioremediation approaches
for use by RPMs, private industry and others in selecting and
applying innovative remediation technologies.
Reports on field studies of enhanced in-situ remediation delivery
systems such as their use for enhanced bioremediation in clay for
use in selecting and applying such systems.
Produce a preliminary report on comparative evaluation, of in .situ
techniques for treatment of DHAPLs. The documented results will be
used to determine the relative potential effectiveness of several
DNAPL remediation techniques, and be used to determine further
process development needs and provide preliminary information of
process selection at other sites,.
Produce a protocol for evaluating natural attentuation of
chlorinated solvents in groundwater in cooperation with the U.S. Air
Force. This will allow for the more technically sound selection and
application of this relatively inexpensive remediation option.
SITE demonstration and emerging technology reports evaluating the
effectiveness of innovative in-situ remediation technologies
applicable to complex remediation problems such as in-situ treatment
of mixtures of metals and organics solvents in groundwater or in
soils. The reports will be used by RPMs, private industry and
others in selecting and applying innovative remediation
technologies.
Produce summary report on side-by-side comparison of nine tNAPL
extraction technologies for use by remediators in technology
selection and implementation. The results of these studies will be
used to determine the relative effectiveness of LNAPL remediation
technologies, and be used in process selection and implementation
decisions at other sites.
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1998
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
HUMAN HEALTH PROTECTION
Development and validation of methods and models in the areas of
neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental
toxicity and pulmonary toxicity to enhance EPA's ability to obtain
relevant health effects data from manufacturers of pesticides and
industrial chemicals and improve the quality of risk assessments -
Particular attention will be paid to methods and models that provide
insight into potentially sensitive sub-populations, including
children.
Continued effort to improve understanding of age-related differences
in sensitivity to pesticides, leading to the development of improved
testing guidelines for predicting effects of pre- and perinatal
exposures on development in infants and children. The research
program will also focus on developing better methods and models for
evaluating the effects of exposure from various pesticide uses.
Support to the program office in assessing toxicity issues pertinent
to on-going regulatory activities.
Continued research on improving methods and models for measuring and
predicting the human health effects of exposure to mixtures.
Continued development and evaluation of reliable tests for hazard
identification; and biomarkers of exposure to priority pollutants
and for multiple endpoints, including cancer, respiratory toxicity,
neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental and reproductive
toxicity with increased emphasis on developing improved biological
markers of exposure and the quantitative linkage of markers of
exposure and effect. This research must support demonstration of
the utility, or lack thereof, of biomarkers in environmental risk
assessment and enable prioritization -of future efforts on promising
methods and endpoints.
Continued development and evaluation of PBPK models to predict
target dose and to elucidate factors affecting dose estimation for
model compounds such as trichlorethylene, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride, dibromochloromethane, arsenic, acrylamide, toluene
and dioxin. Further PBPK model development (e.g., absorption,
metabolism studies) will be targeted to factors most critical to
reducing model 'uncertainty and to pollutants being studied for dose-
response estimation.
Continued development and evaluation of biologically-based dose
response (BBDR) models to describe the underlying mechanisms of
toxicity and to facilitate extrapolation from animal studies to
estimate human risks for model compounds and valuation of the
applications and limitations of biologically-based dose response
models and characterization of their strengths and weaknesses for
risk assessment.
Development of evidence to characterize human variability in
susceptibility.
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o Completion of research to develop and evaluate measurement methods
and protocols to characterize human exposure to pesticides in
residential microenvironments. These methods and protocols will
permit OPPTS to develop industry guidelines for collection of data
about pesticide exposures.
o Completion of research to develop improved measurements and methods
for assessing human exposure in microenvironments to pesticides and
toxics through dietary, dermal, and inhalation pathways.
o Development and evaluation of immunochemical and other rapid/low
cost screening techniques for use in exposure measurement and
surveillance and of techniques to characterize multi^residue
pesticides exposure and dose for target analytes and matrices for
infants, children, and adults.
o Continuation of the large-scale pesticide/semivolatile exposure
study for farm families and farm pesticide applicators, with
increasing emphasis on exposures to infants and children. These
activities are part of the NCI-EPA-NIEHS ten-year research program
known as the Agricultural Health Study.
o Continuation of research to develop and .evaluate methods, activity
patterns, and databases for characterizing pesticide exposures for
children and other sensitive subpopulations. Development of a
report on infant/children pesticide exposures.
o Final documentation and distribution of the exposure modeling1 system
(THERDdbASE) which integrates human activity pattern data and
exposure measurements to reduce uncertainty for exposure and risk
assessments.
o Integration of participant measurements, activity pattern data, and
analytic results from the NHEXAS studies in EPA Regions 5 and 9 into
a database. Initiation of exposure assessment research to
characterize the population distributions of exposures using this
database. Development and peer review of a research plan to
evaluate the NHEXAS study design, data quality objectives,
measurement/analysis protocols, communication protocols, and
findings.
o Completion of field exposure research, sample analysis, and
interpretation of results for the NAFTA exposure study in Arizona
(EPA Region 9) . Preparation of a final report of the Arizona NAFTA
exposure study.
o Development and peer review of a report on the field pilot study to
characterize multimedia exposures to semivolatile compounds (i.e.,
PAH's) and to apply these protocols in "environmental justice"
studies.
o Research grant progress reports identifying genetic polymorphisms
associated with cancer risks, the quantitative relationship between
the polymorphisms and cancer risks, and the distribution of these
polymorphisms in the general public. Knowledge gained from this
research will lead to improved models for conducting environmentally
related cancer risk assessments. ,
o Evaluation of the results of the IRIS pilot project and development
of a plan for long range improvement of the IRIS data file.
o Development of the Benchmark Dose software for wide-scale use.
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1997
o Assessment of training programs on uncertainty analysis and
carcinogen risk assessment guidelines.
o Continued community-based 'health risk assessment.
o Analysis of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey data.
o Total human exposure assessment of farm families to pesticides and
analysis of risk posed by exposures to pesticides with .a focus on
children.
o Successful completion of current measurement, methods, and models
aimed at determining multipathway and multimedia exposures to
pesticides within residential environments. Completion of protocols
and guidance documents assisting OPPTS in revision of Subdivision K
Guidelines. Completion of multimedia/multipathway exposure models
for Residential/Non-occupational exposures.
o Report on cumulative exposure/effects to infants and children.
Development of integrated multipathway/multimedia models describing
cumulative exposures/effects and dose-response/effects from exposure
to pesticides.
o Guidance and methods for combining exposures to pesticides via
multiple pathways. Guidance and methods fo*r assessing mixtures of
pesticides, with an initial focus on pesticides with common
mechanisms of action. Guidance and methods for identifying and
taking into account the susceptibilities of subgroups of people
exposed to pesticides, especially infants and children in various
age groups. Scientific analysis, .support and guidance for
development of policies for application of safety factors to
pesticides assessments in order to take into account the special
susceptibilities of children..
Development of improved testing guidelines for predicting effects of
pre- and perinatal exposures on development in infants and children.
Development of better methods and models for evaluating the effects
of exposure from various pesticide uses. Accurate exposure
characterization in children is a special concern since children may
experience relatively higher exposures and may be exposed to
pesticides during critical stages of development.
Support to OPPTS in assessing toxicity issues pertinent to on-going
regulatory activities.
Manual of methods for quantifying the track-in of lawn-applied
pesticide residues into indoor residential micro environments; a
report on research to develop techniques for monitoring pesticide
residues in the environment; a manual of methods for characterizing
children's activity patterns; and, development of exposure models
for inclusion in program office test guidelines.
Peer review of the 1992 and 1994 Pilot Study of the Agriculture
Health Study (joint EPA/NCI/NIEHS) evaluating pesticide exposures to
farm workers (applicators), spouses, and children. Following
successful peer review, a full-scale field study will be proposed
for implementation during 1997.
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Continued effort to improve the biological basis for health risk
assessment involving .environmental epidemiology, physiologically-
based pharmacokinetic models research, and biologically-based dose
response models, and producing guidelines on test methods for
neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental
toxicity, and pulmonary toxicity.
Development of improved methods and models for measuring and
predicting the human health effects of exposure to mixtures.
Determination of factors affecting distribution and tissue dose,
including metabolism and clearance; tissue binding; blood flow and
tissue volumes; tissue/ blood partitioning; and co-pollutant
exposures affecting rat physiological parameters, arsenic
metabolism, and pulmonary particle clearance.
Continued development and evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to
priority pollutants and for multiple endpoints, including cancer.
Identification of DNA markers of products of incomplete combustion;
biochemical markers for model neurotoxicants; and cellular markers
for reproductive toxicants, dioxins, and PCBS.
Continued development and evaluation of physiologically based
pharmacokinetic models to predict target dose and to elucidate
factors affecting dose estimation for model compounds such as
trichlorethylene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
dibromochloromethane, arsenic, acrylamide, toluene and dioxin.
Continued development and evaluation of biologically based dose
response (BBDR) models to describe the underlying mechanisms of
toxicity and to facilitate extrapolation from animal studies to
estimate human risks for model compounds such as methanol,
dibromochloromethane, arsenic, acrylamide, and dioxin.
Development of measurement methods and protocols to characterize
human exposure to pesticides in residential microenvironments.
These methods and protocols will permit OPPTS to develop industry
guidelines for collection of data about pesticide exposures.
Development of improved measurements and methods for assessing human
exposure in microenvironments to pesticides and toxics through
dietary, dermal, and inhalation pathways.
Initiation of research to develop and evaluate methods, activity
patterns, and data bases for characterizing pesticide exposures for
children and other sensitive subpopulations.
Development of immunochemical and other rapid/low-cost screening
techniques for use in exposure measurement and surveillance; field
testing of these methods,- and evaluation of potential techniques to
characterize multi-residue pesticides exposure and dose for target
analytes and matrices for infants, children, and adults.
Peer review of the design for the large-scale exposure study of farm
families and farm pesticide applicators. After responding to peer
review recommendations, the large-scale exposure .study will be
initiated during 1997. These activities are part of the NCI-EPA-
NTEHS ten-year research program known as the Agricultural Health
Study.
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o Evaluation and peer review of an exposure modeling system
(THEKDdbASE) that integrates human activity pattern data and
exposure measurements to reduce uncertainty for exposure and risk
assessments.
O Continuation of analyses of the field samples from the NHEXAS
studies in EPA Regions 5 .and 9 and completion of data base
development that will integrate participant measurements, activity
pattern data, and analytic results.
o Peer review of the pilot study and communication protocol for the
Lower Rio Grande Valley Exposure research in Texas (EPA Region 6),
which forms the paradigm for future NAFTA research along the U.S.-
Mexico Border- Initiation of field exposure research and sample
analysis for a similar research study in Arizona (EPA Region 9).
o Peer review of the design for a pilot study to characterize
multimedia exposures to semivolatile compounds and application of
these protocols in "environmental justice" studies and initiation of
the field pilot study.
o Completion of IRIS pilot for the 11 pilot chemicals.
o Completion of manual development and beta testing of the Benchmark
Dose Software.
o Conduct of initial training workshops on uncertainty analysis and
develop draft of carcinogen risk assessment guidelines'.
o Completion of workshops on carcinogen .risk .assessment guidelines and
incorporation of any comments into the final version of the
guidelines.
o Initiation of community-based health risk assessment projects.
o Completion of report on the use of small fish to assess carcinogenic
. dose response.
o Update of Exposure Factors Handbook.
o Analysis of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey data.
o Reproductive toxicity risk assessment guidelines.
o Interim guidance, for completing separate assessments -for infants and
children, identifying available or soon to be available data and
information required for assessments of children's risk.
o Models of children's total exposure to several major chemical
classes, including multipathway and multiroute exposures. These
models will enable evaluation of those paths that contribute most to
risk.
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1998
1997
RESEARCH AMD DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Methods to measure the effects of exposure to mixtures of endocrine
disrupters in human and Wildlife populations.
Models to predict the effects of exposure to mixtures of endocrine
disrupters in human and wildlife populations.
Exposure assessments to provide information on background and "hot
spot" exposure levels.
Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) models for
steroid-receptor dependent gene activation for estrogens and
androgens.
Refined compartmental model that assesses the fate and transport
characteristics of potential endocrine disrupting compounds,
Methods to measure potential endocrine disrupting compounds in order
to validate the compartmental exposure model.
Limited field exposure study to gather status and trends data on
potential endocrine disrupting compounds at near-NERL sites.
o Characterization, of the principle in vivo modes of action for the
leading classes of chemicals identified through preliminary
screening tests as potential endocrine disrupters.
o Refinement of an approach for assessing the preliminary hazard of
-endocrine disrupting chemicals, with the initial focus being on
chemicals which act through the estrogen receptor.
p Preliminary reports on joint exposure/effects studies conducted in
areas with suspected problems due to the presence of endocrine
di s rupt ing chemicals.
o Compartmental model that assesses the fate and transport
characteristics of potential endocrine disrupting compounds.
o Methods to monitor exposure to BDCs and to characterize exposure
half-life, speciation, uptake, and phase equilibrium, which should
improve source and receptor models and assessment of EDC exposure.
o Lead abatement reports covering the following activities: Evaluation
of improved techniques for removing . lead-based paint from
architectural surfaces; development of a process for in situ
fixation of lead in soil; evaluation of lead and copper treatment
strategies for small water supply systems.
o Endocrine disrupters assessment document.
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Q Journal article on validation of the Integrated Uptake Biokinetic
(IEDBK) model.
o Report on the bioavailability of lead in dust ingested by adults.
o Field evaluation of prototype systems for removing lead-based paint
from architectural surfaces.
o Bench-scale evaluation of a flotation process for removal of lead
from soil.
o Continued development and evaluation of an in-situ process for
fixation of lead in soil, thus decreasing its bioavailability.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
NEW TECHNOLOGY & POLLUTION PREVENTION
The third version (Mark III) of a computer program known as
"Pollution Prevention Progress," or "P2P" will be developed and
distributed. The program is designed to quantify the progress
achieved by implementing P2 projects and can be used by individuals
responsible for planning and implementing such projects to judge the
relative benefits of alternatives and to communicate success. The
program produces a. variety of reports which describe P2
accomplishments with respect to life cycle stages, media affected,
and categories of pollutant impact; its database will address
approximately 3000 pollutants.
The CAGE Plastics module developed for use on the Internet and
PC-based platforms will be completed and released.
The demonstration of a zero VQC/zero HAP 2-component epoxy wood
furniture coating will be completed and a report prepared.
Guidelines on the most effective (i.e., paint removal effectiveness
and emissions reduction) paint strippers based on the evaluation of
40 chemical and 7 physical strippers will be released. The
guidelines will be used to determine Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) by the Office of Air and Radiation.
Emissions characterization from 2 to 4 additional latex and alkyd
indoor architectural coatings will be completed, and the plan for a
future program to develop low-emitting coatings will be developed.
A streamlined life cycle assessment model development and
demonstration of application in various CSI sectors will be
completed. This will include a streamlined LCA decision tool that
incorporates the results of case studies on the validity and
applicability of various streamlining approaches for conducting life
cycle inventories, and a computer-based tool for supporting a
streamlined, risk-based assessment of health and ecological impacts.
A design manual for onsite wastewater treatment system design,
operation, and human health and ecological risk management will be
completed and disseminated in paper and electronic media. This
product satisfies a nationwide demand which has been espoused by
several national organizations, states and local governments to
provide state-of-the-art ''information in lieu of the present
hodgepodge of often conflicting regulations. This product is co-
sponsored by the Office of Water and includes representation by
several dozen other entities in its development.
The evaluation of supercritical liquids, such as carbon dioxide, in
a variety of pollution prevention applications will be completed.
These applications include studies of the rates of chemical reaction
in supercritical fluids, development of a thin film deposition
method that eliminates the use of organic solvents, and the use of
carbon dioxide for the extraction of biomolecules.
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1997
Socioeconomic research will be completed on some preference methods
for non-market and passive use values. Several alternative stated
preference methods will be evaluated, including contingent
valuation, which is the prevailing method.
Environmental monitoring and remediation options will result from
SBIR projects funded over the past several years in the following
areas: prevention and control of indoor air pollution, treatment of
hazardous wastes from superfund sites, drinking water treatment,
municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, prevention and
control of toxic air emissions, solid and hazardous waste disposal
and pollution prevention.
PARIS I (Program for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial
Solvents) software to assist in identifying environmentally-
preferable solvents for use by solvent using industries with
particular emphasis on the Common Sense Initiative (CSI) printing
industry.
Home Page Web site for Coating Alternative Guide (CAGE) to provide
direct access to users through the Internet (see CAGE description
under 1996 outputs).
Complete development of a standard test method for determining
indoor emissions from office equipment (based upon tests using .four
different dry process photocopy machines).
Additional environmental options will result from SBIR projects in
the following areas: drinking water treatment, municipal and
industrial wastewater treatment, prevention and control of toxic air
emissions, solid and hazardous waste disposal, and pollution
prevention.
Outreach to promote the effective use of comparative evaluations of
low volatility solvents for use with soy-based inks.
Pollution prevention case studies for flexographic printing.
Pilot training program for ISO 14000, the new international standard
for environmental management that all companies must meet to remain
globally competitive. The training will be provided to technical
assistance providers.
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1998
1997
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
SCIENCE QUALITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
o EPA Regions will identify their highest priority near-term research
needs through internal competitions of research proposals. The
Office of Research and Development (ORD) will conduct collaborative
research efforts to address these research needs of the EPA Regions.
These efforts will provide a sound scientific basis for Regional
decision makers in carrying out their mandates.
o Ecosystem and human health risk assessment tools and integration of
ORD and Agency information transfer efforts to states and local
governments. Regular publication of Ecosystem Connections to senior
management of State and local government agencies. Periodic
seminars and conferences will be held to enable officials to compa're
effectiveness of different ecosystem assessment and protection
strategies. New methods for implementing EPA's regulatory programs.
o National environmental laboratory accreditation program operating in
a number of states; establishment of a multi-program methods
approval system, continued harmonization of Agency monitoring
methods and policies; establishment of training programs needed to
break down the non-regulatory barriers to innovation.
o Exploratory Grants, Fellowships, and Centers will produce 3-6 peer
reviewed journal articles per grant.
o Quality Assurance (QA) training programs, 10-15 QA management audits
across Agency programs and support of Performance Evaluation
studies.
o The High Performance Communication and Computing program will
produce a Multimedia Prototype Demonstration and Case Study. This
case study will pilot parallel computational capabilities to study
multi-pollutant and cross-media issues involving ozone, particulate
matter, and nitrogen.
o The activities of the Environmental Monitoring Management Program
(EMMP) will result in a new framework for Agency methods development
and improved consistency of Agency monitoring requirements; a system
for tracking methods development activities and monitoring
technology needs to prevent duplicative efforts and to inform the
innovation industry of - potential market opportunities; and the pilot
implementation of a national environmental laboratory accreditation
system.
o Collaborative research efforts will be developed, in most cases
using cooperative agreements, to address priority near-term research
needs of the regional offices. The efforts will continue to focus on
community-based environmental protection, delivering the science to
local stakeholders.
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RARE projects have been selected which will focus on research to
better understand the fate and transport of nutrients and mercury in
the environment, stream habitat restoration techniques, soil and
sediment treatment technologies for toxic chemicals, and a pesticide
use/exposure/risk assessment. Through cooperative agreements with
state and local non-profit organizations, ORD will initiate the
development and dissemination of scientific and technical tools,
e.g., health and ecological risk assessment methods and models,
pollution prevention technologies, and small community water
management technologies. Through these tools, EPA will improve the
effectiveness and reduce the costs of implementation of state and
local environmental programs.
Exploratory Grants, Fellowships, and Centers will produce 3-6 peer
reviewed journal articles published per grant.
Quality Assurance (QA) training programs, 10-15 QA management audits
across Agency programs and support of Performance Evaluation
studies.
The HPCC program will deliver the Models-3 Air Quality Modeling
System Code and Documentation and Users Guide. This air quality
modeling and decision support system is for urban and regional
oxidant, regional acid deposition and fine particle issues.
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ECOSYSTEMS BROTECTIOir
19 9 8 EEO6RAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $105,457,900 and 489.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Ecosystems Protection program component. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and automated data processing.
An. important element of the Agency's effort to protect public health and
the environment is the Ecosystems Protection research program. This program
recognizes that our Nation's ecosystems provide valuable renewable resources such
as food, fiber, water storage, and wood. Stresses to our environment can impact
these resources and other critical self-purifying environmental processes, such
as, biodegradation, removal of contaminants from air and water, and pesticides
and disease control. Therefore, understanding our Nation's ecosystems and the
uncertainties surrounding risks associated with our current definitions of
stressors on our environment is a long-term research goal formally outlined in
the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) Strategic Plan. Research
conducted under this program component will investigate three important Agency
objectives with our Regional, state, and local partners: (1) the scientific
basis of a number of important environmental indicators of stressors, (2) work
to determine the risk assessment links between ecosystem and human health, and
(3) integrating and applying this information through risk management models.
Substantial research will be conducted in these areas, in close alliance with
Regional, state and local communities, as part of the community-based ecological
research projects (e.g., the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment program,
watershed ecological case studies, and the Watersheds Restoration project).
Ecosystems protection research addresses issues in support of several
National Environmental Goals, including clean air, clean waters, healthy
terrestrial ecosystems, and reducing global and Regional environmental risks.
Similarly, ecosystems protection research supports Agency activities to meet
court-ordered or statutory deadlines, such as, the Clean Water Act (through
research areas such .as, watersheds and aquatic ecocriteria}, and the Clean Air
Act (through research areas such as, atmospheric deposition) . Finally, research
under this program component directly supports several program offices, including
the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) , the Office of Water, and the Office of
Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Research under the ecosystems protection program component .crosses
environmental media. Areas of focus include:
o The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) to focus on the
science needed to assess the health of the Nation's ecosystems which
includes (1) the development of new indicators of ecosystem health and
sustainability, and (2) monitoring designs which improve the detection of
trends and sharing of data among Federal, state, and private monitoring
activities;
o Ecological effects, exposure, and risk assessment methods and models to
characterize the fate and transport of pesticides, toxic substances, and
other stressors that threaten public and ecological health;
o Aquatic ecocriteria research to develop toxicity data for water quality
criteria and biocriteria that protect ecosystem functions;
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p Watershed assessment research to develop and validate comparative
assessments of various chemical and non-chemical stressors threatening the
health of ecosystems;
o Risk management research to determine if various watershed ecosystems can
be self-restored, can be restored with intervention, or are beyond
restoration;
o Contaminated sediments research to: (1) explore the cause and effect
relationships of persistent chemicals that enter and accumulate in the
food chain, and (2) explore cost-effective technologies to remediate
contaminated sites; and
o Wetlands protection research to develop the tools to manage and restore
the Nation's wetlands and associated ecosystems.
The application of research to real problems at the population and/or
community level is a component of almost every research area under the Ecosystems
Protection Research Program. The Regional Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (REMAP) applies research methods to problems in specific
communities and ecosystems. The Watershed Restoration project involves
stakeholders at the state and local level in prioritizing issues and determining
the appropriate course of action for remediation. Research applying remote
sensing and landscape characterization technology will be conducted in the Mid-
Atlantic Region and the Columbia River Basin to assess the integrated effects of
multiple stressors in forest, riparian, and watershed ecosystems. This research
will advance the understanding of large-scale issues, such as, water quality.
In addition to validating assessment models and determining the overall health
of an ecosystem, community-based research will address specific community
problems, such as mercury deposition in local lakes, accumulation of PCBs in the
environment, and wetlands impacted by increased wet weather flow associated with
urbanization.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Agency requests $38,206,300 and 107.3 total workyears for the
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). Through EMAP, ORD will
advance the science of environmental monitoring required for the successful
implementation of the Committee on Environmental and Natural Resources' (CENR)
Integrated Monitoring Framework, as well as the development of the
Vice-President's National Report Card on the Environment. EMAP will continue a
major program in the development of ecological indicators because of the
prominent role such indicators play in efficiently determining if and why an
ecosystem is responding to environmental stress. EMAP will continue to work
with CENR agencies to evaluate the CENR Monitoring Framework in a Mid-Atlantic
pilot study using new multi-tier monitoring designs. In addition, EMAP has led
an effort with the National Park Service to upgrade monitoring sites in 13
National Parks to support a national, assessment of the impacts of several
stressors (e.g., ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and metals). EMAP will
continue to conduct certain acid deposition measurements research in support of
EMAP and related ecosystem studies, and to support certain methods development
work. EMAP will join the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ,
and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in evaluating new
monitoring designs for index sites in the coastal environment along all of the
Nation's coasts including the Great Lakes. Additionally, EMAP will demonstrate
the relationship between landscape measurements, derived from satellite imagery,
and conditions in aquatic and terrestrial systems in the Mid-Atlantic region.
During 1998, EMAP, with its partner agencies in the Multi-Resolution Landscape
Characterization program, will make substantial headway towards a national land-
cover map. Finally, EMAP will maintain a major commitment to working with all
EPA Regional Offices and respective states and Tribes to transfer proven
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monitoring designs and evaluate new concepts for solving specific local
monitoring problems. To this end, EMAP will contribute to the formulation of
more than half of the Agency1 s environmental indicators report and will continue
to be instrumental in improving state contributions to the Agency's 305 (b) report
on the condition of the Nation's waters. Responsibility for the Clean Air Status
and Trends Network (CASTNET) program has been transferred to OAR, thus, resources
for the CASTNET program are being justified in OAR's budget request.
Ecological effects-related research in 1998 will continue to focus on the
development of methods, models and data to: 1) achieve a better understanding of
the effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on specific species,
populations, communities and ecosystems; and 2) support the development of
chemical-specific water quality criteria, whole effluent toxicity testing
approaches and biological criteria. The program will continue to emphasize
research in strategically selected watersheds (e.g. Great Lakes, Atlantic coastal
region),
In 1998, improved exposure methods and models will contribute to describing
the movement of pesticides and toxic substances from release into the
environment, through and between soil, sediment and aquatic systems, and through
the food chain. These methods and models will directly aid exposure assessments,
helping to define the risks threatening ecosystems now and in the future.
Research in the area of aquatic ecosystems will characterize existing aquatic
ecosystems and monitor changes in ecological conditions. This strategy supports
the development of models to predict the exposures and responses of ecosystems
that result from alternate management strategies at the watershed, Regional and
national scale. Targeted research will be conducted on high priority ecosystems
(e.g.. Mid-Atlantic) and on specific areas such as wetlands, contaminated
sediments, and wet weather flows (i.e., storm water and combined sewer overflow) .
Particular emphasis will be placed on integrating chemical and/or biological
parameters for ecosystems of various sizes,
In 1998, ORD will assess current and future distributions of habitat and
stressors to provide policy and decision makers with assessments of comparative
risks from various stressors. Watershed assessment at the Regional scale, such
as currently implemented in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed model, will encompass
a wide variety of terrestrial systems -- forested (both managed and unmanaged),
agricultural, and urban systems --as well as fresh aquatic systems with point
and nonpoint sources of pollutants and contaminated sediments. Other major
challenges to be addressed are the understanding of the cycling of contaminants
between land, air and water in complex systems, such as the cycling of mercury
in the Everglades and PCBs in the Great Lakes.
In addition, EPA's risk assessment research will continue to develop an
information management system in 1998 to assist in the analysis of environmental
data for the Columbia River .Basin, This inter-agency project between EPA's
regional office, the State of Idaho, the Forest Service and U.S. Geological
Survey will help stakeholders respond to a court-ordered assessment of water
quality conditions in Idaho. Several ecological risk assessment case studies
will continue in 1998- as well, applying proposed ecosystem risk guidelines to
real problems. These case studies will not only provide better information to
decision makers in the communities, but will improve and validate the Agency's
ecosystem risk assessment guidelines.
In 1998, risk management research will focus on urban and suburban
environments where important ecosystem functions have been seriously impaired.
Studies will be conducted on the criteria and, diagnostic procedures required to
determine if watershed ecosystems and the water bodies within a watershed can be
self-restored, can be restored with intervention, or are beyond restoration. In
1998, design criteria developed in 1997 (e.g., ecosystem structure and function)
will be used to establish the restoration goals, and _the physical, chemical, and
biological measures for determining the success of an environmental restoration.
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Cost effective techniques will be developed and evaluated for restoring
terrestrial, aquatic and riparian zone ecosystems at the watershed scale.
Studies will be conducted to determine the tradeoffs between infrastructure needs
(e.g., flood protection, hydrologic modifications) and ecosystem maintenance and
restoration opportunities.
Contaminated sediments research addresses the critical problem of
accumulated toxic chemicals and conventional pollutants in the sediments of
coastal, estuarine, and 'freshwater ecosystems. Research will focus on better
understanding and more effectively reducing the threats these sediments pose to
humans and other life in the ecosystems. This will include methods to assess the
ecological and human health effects of sediment contaminants, chemical-specific
and mixture sediment quality criteria, sediment pollution source allocation
methods and sediment clean-up methods for sites where natural recovery is not
appropriate. Data and methods will also be developed to evaluate the nature and
magnitude of risks at the population, community and ecosystem scales. This
investment for 1998 will continue critical research at an accelerated rate, with
particular emphasis on research to predict the cumulative impact of multiple
stressors, and to predict and alter the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of
contaminants in sediments. In addition, the development and evaluation of
technologies to remediate contaminated sediments will be expanded to pilot and
field scale studies, and predictive models and tools for assessing risks of
single chemicals and mixtures in contaminated sediments will be developed.
Wetlands protection research in 1998 will address the need to better
understand the biological, chemical, and physical relationships that dictate
wetland function. Research will focus on defining the role of wetlands in the
landscape and the effects of landscape factors on wetland functions, leading to
an improved understanding of the natural and anthropogenic processes that govern
the quality, quantity and availability of water resources.
-S1,701.6K
Contaminated Sediments (+$3,427,000): Recent evaluation of the National
Sediment Quality Survey data suggests that sediment contamination poses potential
risks to aquatic life, human health, and wildlife and is widespread in many
watersheds of the country (such as streams, lakes, harbors, near -shore areas and
oceans) . These threats exist in all states and regions of the country, including
New York/Hew Jersey Harbor, Boston Harbor, and San Francisco Bay. The investment
in contaminated sediments research for 1998 will bolster research in the three
areas of greatest concern: (I) heavy metals; (2) persistent, bioaccumulative
organic compounds; and (3) the development of appropriate remediation.
technologies for impacted systems. In particular, critical research will be
performed to identify cause and effect relationships of multiple stressors on the
viability and sustainability of benthic (bottom of large waterbody) ecosystems;
how such information can be used to direct source control and pollution
prevention strategies; and the most cost-effective technologies for clean-up.
In addition, EPA will increase (+$546,700 and +7.1 total workyears) watershed
restoration research reflecting a redirection of resources from groundwater
protection research. The purpose of this research will be to explore cost
effective restoration techniques.
Major disinvestments in 1998 include:
The disinvestment and redirection out of ecological risk assessment
research anticipates; (1) the successful completion of two regional vulnerability
studies of mercury and other toxicants in South Florida and Great Lakes (-
$1,077,000 and -1.0 workyear) , and (2) the completion of funding in 1996 and 1997
for grants in cross -scaling methodologies and techniques to conduct Regional
scale assessments (-$3,396,000). Research in the area 'of ecological risk
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assessment at the Regional level will continue under the EMAP and. watershed.
restoration projects.
Congressional Earmarks (-$1,511,200): Funding for the study by the
University of Redlands on the salinity of the Salton Sea, the Clean Air Status
and Trends Network (CASTNET) monitoring stations in New England, and the Natural
Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Project, all one-time 1997 Congressional
earmarks, have been eliminated.
Wet Weather Flow (-$617,100 and -0.7 workyears): Reductions in the Wet
Weather Flow research area will impact our work in watershed management by
slowing down efforts to evaluate storm-water/ground water interactions/ watershed
model development and the watershed model case study.
In 1998, the resources for the Clean Air Status and Trends Network
•(CASTNET) program are being justified as part of the Office of Air and
Radiation's budget request.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $107,159,500 and 488-9 total workyears
in the Ecosystems Protection program component. A major activity within this
program component is the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program with an
allocation of $38,445,500 and 105.8 total work years. The budget includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and ADP.
In 1997, demonstrations associated with EMAP will be completed, allowing
us to determine how appropriate sites should be selected, what should be
measured, and how that information can be used to assess ecological conditions
on local, Regional, and national scales. In addition, EMAP research will result
in the definition of ecosystem criteria, the development of predictive models,
and the development of ecosystem indicators. Landscape characterization research
will substantially contribute to the development of baseline data for documenting
future changes and ecosystem exposure profiles. Regional and global indicators
research will continue to define and quantify changes within ecosystems that
indicate damage to or the vulnerability of an ecosystem. Long-term monitoring
sites will be initiated in conjunction with the National Park Service to begin
monitoring of UV-B at several sites across the Nation. ORD will continue to
operate CASTNET through 1997, including the New England stations which are funded
as an earmark. A detailed analysis of the current CASTNET is undergoing peer
review.
Water/watersheds research will emphasize watershed science that integrates
the ecological, physical and social sciences with the goal of understanding,
protecting and restoring water resources and watershed processes. In addition,
research will support the development "of the scientific framework required to
diagnose existing ecosystems, establish the basis to prioritize ecosystems that
should be restored, and describe- the effectiveness criteria for incremental
improvements.
Effects research in 1997 will provide data and methods to support an
improved scientific foundation for the development of chemical-specific water
quality criteria, whole effluent toxicity testing approaches for evaluating
mixtures, and biocriteria for aquatic ecosystems. Information will be provided
on the structure and role of resident aquatic communities in an ecosystem, and
on indicators of ecosystem sustainability and integrity. Diagnostic tools and
methods will .be developed to help characterize ecosystem stressors and effects.
Exposure research in 1997 will focus on the development of models, soil-based
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exposure assays, and methods for determining exposure resulting from the
deposition of heavy metals and organic pollutants on large aquatic ecosystems.
Continuing research in 1997 will result in the validation of exposure measurement
techniques, and characterization of new environmental stressors and indicators.
As a result of a Congressional earmark, EPA is funding, a study by the University
of Redlands on the salinity of the Salton Sea.
Ecological Risk Assessment Guidelines will be published in 1997,
representing a culmination of several years of effort. These Guidelines will
produce consistency and an improved scientific basis for conducting ecological
risk assessments. Five watershed assessment case studies will continue, applying
the Risk Assessment Guidelines to real scenarios. A report will be produced in
1997 that defines ecosystem integrity and lists resources for which there is
clear evidence of societal value. This report will synthesize these two areas
to produce recommendations for focusing Agency decisions concerning ecological
issues. In addition, a strategic framework for the definition and application
of management goals and assessment endpoints will be developed in 1997 for direct
application by Agency, state and local watershed or community based resource
managers. A simulator system will be developed in 1997, for predicting chemical
exposure and habitat conditions in South Florida. In addition, research will
provide chemical specific risk assessment information on toxic levels of mercury
in water and fish tissue and bioaccumulation in the food chain. Finally, a
significant risk management effort will be initiated to identify and evaluate
cost effective technologies for restoring ecosystems at the watershed scale.
Significant progress will be made toward understanding the impacts of
sediment contaminants on the viability and sustainability of benthic species,
communities, and ecosystems, leading to the development of cost-effective' source
control and pollution prevention strategies. This objective will be achieved
through quantitative-based research to: 1} support the development of
scientifically sound sediment quality criteria; 2) develop short- and long-term
toxicity tests and bioaccumulation tests to evaluate multiple contaminant impacts
in sediments; 3} evaluate the degradation and recovery of benthic ecosystems; and
4) provide cost-effective remediation technologies.
Wetlands effects research will address several critical issues in wetlands
science including the characterization of physical, chemical and biological
stressors and their effects on wetlands; understanding wetland variability and
the interactions of wetlands with other ecosystems within broader geographic
areas; and the development of improved tools to conduct these assessments of
wetland structure and function.
In 1997, a coordinated wet weather flow research effort will be facilitated
through the use of an expanded five-year peer-reviewed Wet Weather Flow Research
Plan. Efforts will focus on controlling and improving community-based watershed
management through the development of decision support tools and alternative wet
weather flow control technologies. Wet weather flow collection-treatment system
design protocols for newly developed areas/watersheds will be developed,
addressing the important issue as to whether new systems should be separate or
combined and how to best integrate wet weather flow control-treatment
technologies.
A particular effort in FY 1997, funded as an earmark, is the National
Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project which will focus on
research and development needs for onsite wastewater treatment and disposal
systems.
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GLOBAL CHANGE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency .requests a total of $21,053,700 and 47. S total workyears in 1998
for the Global Change program component. The request includes the operational
support .staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment arid
facilities maintenance and automated data processing (ADP) ,
Human activities are now formally recognized by the scientific community
to have a significant influence on climate (IPCC Second Assessment Report, 1995} .
Effects of global change that are likely precursors of events to come are
increasingly evident around the globe. Current data indicates that the
atmospheric composition is changing more rapidly now than at any time on record.
Precipitation has increased over land in high latitudes of the Northern
Hemisphere, especially during the cold season. Global sea level has risen by
between ten and 25 cm over the past 1DD years and much of the rise may be related
to the increase in global mean temperature. Thus, the scientific data strongly
indicates that the current and future state of the global environment is
inexorably linked to human activities.
The importance of these international issues was recognized by the United
States through the passage of the Global Change Research Act in 1990 and the
establishment of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) , SPA's Global
Change research program, and that of ten other Federal agencies, is planned and
conducted under the auspices of the Committee on Environmental and Natural
Resources (CENR) of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) . EPA has
the lead within the USGCRP for one of the USGCRP 's highest priorities, ecosystem
vulnerabilities-. EPA's ecosystem vulnerabilities program will help to provide
the scientific basis to assess, evaluate, and predict the ecological and
socioeconomic sector consequences of global change, including the feedback these
systems have on further climate change. Activities are also underway to support
future risk management decisions in areas such as adaptation and source emissions
reductions. EPA's program has four major components:
1) Research aimed at understanding the factors controlling sensitivity or
vulnerability of ecosystems to global change (e.g., how might ecosystems
respond to changes in ultraviolet radiation (!OV-B) or how do stressors
like temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone interact?) , and the
detection and quantification of changes within an ecosystem that indicate
impacts of global change (indicators) ;
2) Methods arid strategies for assessing vulnerability of ecosystems at
regional scales;
3 ) Integrated assessments that provide the linkages of ecological
assessments with other physical /natural, social, and economic systems; and
4) Research aimed at understanding the technical and economic viability of
approaches which could be used to adapt to global change and minimize and
cope with greenhouse gas emissions.
ACTIVITIES
1PA plays a unique role in the interagency global change research
community because a primary EPA mission .is to protect the environment for the
benefit of the health of the human population, as well as- that of ecosystems.
In 1998, EPA's Global Change research program will focus on integrated
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assessments of the potential ecological risks of climate change on coastal,
freshwater, .and terrestrial ecosystems from different regions throughout the
U.S., and extend the analysis to include the implications for human health. In
addition, EPA will consider future regional vulnerabilities for coastal
ecosystems by developing a conceptual model to (1) identify the principal drivers
of change in selected U.S. Atlantic watersheds and estuaries, and (2) evaluate
ecological risks that may be associated with climate change in the context of
other future coastal zone precursors (eutrophication, hydrologic disruption,
resource exploitation, coastal zone build-out, etc.). Researchers will analyze
the relatively pristine and more heavily impacted New England and Mid-Atlantic
watersheds and .incorporate this information into the conceptual model. The
results of this research will be used to characterize environmental changes, not
only in New England and the Mid-Atlantic, but in other areas across the Nation
as well. Federal, state and local agencies will be able to use this model to
determine future impacts affecting the water quality, and ecology of watersheds
and coastal ecosystems.
Research will continue to focus on understanding the microbial, biological,
chemical, and physical processes that control nutrient cycles, carbon storage,
and biosphere-atmosphere gas exchange. Researchers will conduct studies in
fire-impacted forests, along climate gradients in North American ecosystems, and
in temperate and tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere that are
experiencing intense land use change. This research is critical because of the
impact these processes have on the natural balance of the atmosphere and the
subsequent contribution to global change, and the complex interactions of these
processes in ecosystems. For example, impacts of global change are generally
thought of in the context of "warming," but ecosystem-level impacts will more
likely be mediated by changes in moisture (through changes in the distribution
of rainfall) and associated microbial activity than changes in temperature.
Other agencies (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration) conduct research on seasonal and
interannual climate variation; EPA's research will extend this work to understand
ecosystem impacts.
Changes in landscape pattern can significantly influence the response of
a watershed to global climate change. Certain landscape configurations make
watersheds more vulnerable to large-scale disturbance from climate change than
Others. Advances in remote-sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
permit analysis of landscape patterns over scales ranging from counties to large
regions. This research will develop remote sensing and GIS analysis techniques
that analyze status and trends in landscape composition and pattern at multiple
scales. The resultant links between landscape characteristics and vulnerability
will be useful in identifying and formulating management options to reduce
vulnerability to climate change.
In 1998, EPA will invest in UV-B radiation research to evaluate the
biological effects of UV-B. Research will focus on problems such as the effects
of UV-B radiation on sensitive sub-populations (e.g., amphibians). In addition,
EPA will enhance research in the development of ecosystem indicators as sentinels
of change. The focus will be on terrestrial, aquatic, and coastal indicators
that can detect and/or quantify the effects of climate change. Examples include
migration of high altitude wildflowers, habitat (latitude and upstream/down-
coast) change of fish distribution, or migration of boreal forest boundaries.
The development of ecosystem indicators will assist 'EPA in detecting and
quantifying the effects of numerous factors that impact ecosystems.
To understand the interrelationships between the terrestrial biosphere and
other components of the Earth's system, EPA has developed a global circulation
model incorporating the atmosphere, ocean .and terrestrial .biosphere. This model
goes beyond existing general circulation models and simultaneously predicts
future atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and the accompanying climatic
changes. The model will be used to produce credible climate scenarios and as a
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basis for landscape and ecological modeling to project the longer terra outcomes
of current environmental management decisions.
The continual development and use of predictive models will also be an
important aspect of assessing potential ecological effects. Modeling links
between plant/ soil, and climate processes have proven useful in, evaluating
ecosystem sensitivities and assessing vulnerabilities to climate stressors in a
wide variety of biomes throughout the world. Understanding the way in which
stressors act is necessary -for successfully modeling their effects. Therefore,
raulti-stressor (e.g., CO2, temperature and ozone) experiments will be carried out
and modeled to evaluate key responses in important forest species. EPA will use
the data collected to estimate intermediate to longer-term effects of climate
change stressors on ecosystem processes, and in calculating carbon, nitrogen, and
water budgets of major terrestrial ecosystems,
A model for simulating the effects of climate change on watershed processes
controlling runoff and water quality will be completed through interagency
research. The model will then be applied to two or more ecologically different
watersheds in the Great Lakes region to demonstrate its adaptability and to
further its development. At the same time, EPA will begin to integrate this
model -with those projecting terrestrial and atmospheric effects.
EPA's risk assessments under Global Change will continue to focus on two
areas: (l) ecological impacts at the regional level and (2) health effects
through potential changes in disease vectors. This research effort will improve
our understanding of the ecological impacts of climate change in particular
regions and the subsequent impacts on human health that may be mediated through
these ecological systems. Such research efforts are intended to quantify the
vulnerabilities to and potential effects of global climate change on human
health, natural resources and regional economies.
Global change risk management research will include studies to (1) assess
the viability of adaptation strategies, (2) compare the cost, technical
feasibility, and environmental benefits of potential greenhouse gas emission
reduction technologies, and (3) develop and evaluate specific low-cost greenhouse
gas emission reduction technologies where EPA's unique technical expertise and
facilities can accelerate their commercial use. In the adaptation area,
feasibility studies will be initiated to identify approaches which could be used
to reduce or eliminate the impact of global change and to evaluate how global
change will impact strategies .now in place to protect public health and the
environment from other pollutants. The research to compare mitigation
technologies will include evaluation and development, where necessary, of
greenhouse gas emission projection and technology models in order to improve U.S.
and international capabilities to quantitatively compare a variety of options to
reduce source emissions within and across economic sectors. The completed
analyses will identify what future technological advances are necessary to reduce
emissions cost-effectively, and thereby can be used to help establish future
research priorities. EPA's unique expertise and existing facilities will be used
to study low-cost options to replace {l}t fossil fuels burned in small combustion
systems and engines and (2) synthetic compounds which are likely to contribute
to future global change.
EXPLANATION OP CHAMSEt -QriBJ__ FTE A-^&nAlS . IK
EPA will invest $7,242,200 in two areas; (1) UV-B, and (2) the development
of global indicators. While this investment represents a new orientation in the
areas of ultraviolet and global indicators research, the base program represents
effort formerly done within, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
(EMAP) under the Ecosystems Protection program component. Thus, research
pertaining to global indicators and UV-B has been moved - from the Ecosystems
Protection program component to the Global Change program component.
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EPA's investment in UV-B will enhance research in the evaluation of the
biological effects of UV-B. Funds will be used to maintain a UV-B monitoring
network of seven sites located primarily in urban areas. Data collected via this
network will be used to determine the occurrence and .distribution of UV-B and to
perform trends analyses. A new research focus in 1998 will be the investigation
of DV-B effects on aquatic and terrestrial systems, including the biological
effects of UV-B on sensitive biota (e.g., amphibians).
EPA's investment .in ecological indicators will expand the development and
integrated evaluation of indicators of global climate change. While ecosystem
indicators research will continue under the Ecosystems Protection program
component, this investment will combine and expand upon existing indicators
research related to global stressors. Because indicators of global change may
be .subtle, research will pursue a number of opportunities to identify indicators
from a diversity of ecosystems ranging from mountaintop flora to coastal
estuaries. Hie indicators research will include freshwater watershed indicators,
such as, (1) degree of shading or watershed retention time; (2) terrestrial
indicators of forest integrity and sustainability in response to multiple
stressors; and {3} estuarine indicators, such as changes in community trophic
levels (e.g., interdependent nutrient cycles between plants, animals and
microorganisms of decay) resulting from changes in temperature, depth or
modification of habitats. In that indicators effectively must integrate the
environmental conditions and response, indicators research allows a systematic
coupling of exposure, effects and assessment activities. When coupled with
adaptation and mitigation research, development of indicators of change and
vulnerability to change will allow managers to classify watersheds and
terrestrial systems according to risk and to focus development and evaluation of
management practices to limit the risks.
In 199S, EPA will redirect $786,800 and 5.4 total workyears from
stratospheric ozone resources to global climate change to expand the risk
management portion of the Global Change Research Program, This redirection will
be used to study .advanced technologies that will meet future national and
international targets for greenhouse gas reductions. Research efforts will focus
on determining which technological advances would have the greatest incremental
impact on greenhouse gas emissions and will leverage funding available in other
Federal agencies and industry to catalyze the development and demonstration of
the most promising no- or low-global warming technologies.
EPA will disinvest $458,700 total from research investigating alternatives
for ozone depleting substances (ODS), ORD has been working for the past seven
years to identify chemical and non-chemical substitutes for ODS used in a variety
of end-use applications. Most of the applications which used chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) have switched, or are in the process of, switching to a permanent or
interim replacement. While the entire problem is not solved (i.e.,
environmentally acceptable solutions are not available for all applications which
use ODS), the research program is considered mature in relation to other EPA
research areas where there are greater uncertainties.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $14,138,600 and 48.1 total workyears
within the Global Change program. The request includes the operational support
staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff support activities
include program review, health and safety, resource planning and execution,
administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and facilities
maintenance and ADP.
The 1997 Global Change research program will pertain to global climate
change and stratospheric ozone depletion and focus on "research prioritized
according to ORD's risk-based process. The global climate change research will
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focus on regional vulnerabilities, integrative effects and predictive models, and
options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Regional vulnerabilities will focus
on ecological vulnerabilities to climate change and related impacts, such as the
spread of water-borne diseases from changing climate patterns. Successful
implementation of this research area will enhance EPA's ability to conduct
Regional and state level vulnerability assessments and national level integrated
assessments, allowing EPA to develop realistic bounds on the nature and magnitude
of the vulnerabilities identified, and to assess the cost of mitigation and
adaptation strategies. .Integrative effects work will include evaluation of the
effects of temperature and increased CO2 on above and below-ground Douglas Fir
systems. A predictive model is under development to estimate the changes of
carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere caused by changes in the cover, use
and management of land due to human activities. Long-term research will focus
on Regional integrated assessments. Greenhouse gas emission reduction research
will demonstrate the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of
replacing fossil fuels used in small combustion systems and engines. EPA will
also do process and modeling research to study the coupling of the terrestrial
biosphere to global change predictive models.
Stratospheric ozone depletion research will focus on the completion of
property evaluations of synthetic chemicals that could be used as ODS
replacements with increasing emphasis on alternatives for current ODS
replacements having high global warming potentials.
AIR TOXICS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1$,871,100 and 123.0 total workyears in
1998 for the Air Toxics program component. The request includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP).
The Environmental Protection Agency's {EPA's} Air Toxics Research Program
contributes to the national environmental goals of clean air and safe homes,
schools, and workplaces. It provides'the scientific information needed to carry
out the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments and Title IV of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Under the Air Toxics Research
Program, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) investigates and assesses
the risks posed by toxic air pollutants in urban and indoor environments and
those generated as a result of mobile sources. The research to be performed
under this program was determined using ORD's risk-based priority process
focusing on effects, exposure, risk assessment, and risk management. As such,
this program contributes to improving the scientific understanding of air toxics
health risks and the effectiveness of risk reduction strategies; providing
critical scientific information to the1 Agency program offices and regions in
support of developing, implementing, and evaluating risk management options,-
providing improved tools for environmental assessment so that information
developed by the Agency and others is more easily used and understood; and
promoting private sector involvement in identifying, understanding, and
addressing important air pollution problems. The information gained from the Air
Toxics Research Program will (1) ultimately protect the public health of our
children and future generations as we better understand the risks associated with
and remedies to exposure to air toxics; (2) provide strong science and readily
available and more effective information to support regional and local government
risk assessors/managers; and (3) quantify the impacts of air toxic emissions from
mobile and stationary air toxic sources on urban air quality and indoor sources
on indoor air quality.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Air Toxics Research Program for 1998 will, be comprised of urban toxics,
indoor air, mobile sources, and other air toxics related research.
The urban toxics research program is designed to define the magnitude of
the urban air toxics problem through effects and exposure research, and to
determine the most cost-effective ways to manage the risks through development
of modeling tools and evaluation of control options. The program includes
activities that will directly support the development of the national urban air
toxics strategy mandated under Title III of the 1990 CAA Amendments and provide
communities with tools for environmental assessment, particularly of urban
toxics. As a consequence of environmental degradation, communities are faced
with difficult health and ecological risk assessment and management problems.
The array of .scientific methods, models and data developed by the Agency and
others are frequently difficult to use and interpret, particularly for
communities faced with evaluation of their specific situations. The data and
methods available to assess and manage noncancer health risks of air toxics are
very limited. For example, provisions of the CAA Amendments require substantial
assessment of risks posed by air toxics in urban areas and public comments on
local permits within the decade. Exposures from these sources may have an impact
on most of the U.S. population. Uncertainties in exposure assessment and dose^-
response assessment often prohibit adequate evaluation of risks, and may lead to
either unnecessary controls if assumptions are overly conservative or inadequate
protection of public health if assumptions are not protective enough. In
addition, many of the sources contributing to pollution in urban areas are small
and guidance/assistance is needed on how to reduce emissions in a cost-effective
manner. For all of these reasons, in 1998 EPA will, through a significantly
increased in-house program, conduct research and provide assistance that will
reduce these uncertainties. Specific activities planned are as follows.
Health effects research will continue to quantitatively evaluate cancer and
noncancer health effects from chronic exposures; effects of acute and recurrent
acute exposures; impacts on sensitive subpopulations, chemical classes and common
urban air mixtures; and multimedia impacts from air toxics. Researchers will
also combine use of epidemiology and extrapolations of health data from animals
to improve our understanding of health effects and risk assessment methods.
Resources will be applied to better understand the impacts on health of exposure
to air toxics in the urban setting, where most risks are anticipated to occur.
Techniques will also be developed from long-term multidisciplinary studies to
characterize health outcomes associated with urban toxics.
Exposure researchers will continue to focus on (1) developing methods to
identify contributing sources from ambient air measurements, and (2) developing
assessment methods to characterize actual human exposure. Scientists will
determine the factors which contribute to inner city and other poor communities
being subjected to exposures to air toxics at a greater degree than other
communities. Resources will support the; development of approaches for assessing
residual risks associated with cumulative exposures to air toxics from both area
sources and previously controlled major point sources. Techniques will also be
developed from long-term multidisciplinary studies to characterize exposure
outcomes associated with the urban toxics.
Research will continue to develop and demonstrate new risk assessment
methods for assessment of urban toxics and to provide communities with tools to
evaluate air toxic control/prevention options." The goal is to take information
developed in a research context and communicate the information more effectively
to regional and local government risk assessors/managers through technology
transfer centers. These risk assessors/managers will use the new risk assessment
methods for chronic and acute noncancer assessments and the new guidance for
cancer risk assessment to determine with greater certainty the risks associated
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with, the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) arising from area sources. In 1998,
resources will; enhance the development of health effects assessments from
chronic (life-time) and acute (short-term) exposures and cancer risk
determinations for the urban toxics program; staff the Air Risk Information
Support Center (Air RISC) Hotline to communicate risk assessment methodologies
and respond to air pollution questions from regional, state, and community air
pollution control offices; and provide consultation to program, state, regional,
and community offices on urban toxics. These resources will enable EPA to more
effectively manage program coordination and meet program goals of supporting and
transferring information to communities. Researchers will continue to
incorporate more recent human epidemiological findings and other data, as
appropriate, into the integrated human and environmental health risk assessment
of mercury emissions.
To support the development and implementation of a national urban air toxic
strategy, risk management researchers will focus on providing control options to
eliminate toxic organics and metals from small stationary combustion sources
located in urban areas, such as industrial boilers and incinerators. The overall
approach will be to work cooperatively with industry (pollution control vendors
and operators of sources) and EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) to identify
promising technologies that perform as well as or better than existing
technologies and minimize cost. The research conducted will provide data on how
specific Hazard Air Pollutants (HAPs) are formed in combustion systems and will
identify promising techniques to prevent the formation of these compounds or
manage them once they are formed. This research is needed to strengthen the
ability of OAR to devise Agency risk management strategies that target the urban
sources of greatest risk and provide viable cost-effective technological options
for reducing emissions. The Control Technology Center (CTC) which provides
regions, state and local air pollution control officials and the private sector
with information on the performance and cost of air toxic control and prevention
technologies will be one of the primary vehicles for delivery of the information.
Research is also needed to further identify, characterize, and compare the
health risks associated with indoor exposures to air pollutants so that risk
managers can make informed decisions to protect public health. Effects
researchers will focus on controlled clinical studies on biocontaminants {house
dust mite and other allergens) and their effects on allergic, asthmatic, and
normal healthy children. Researchers will use the animal model for evaluating
biologic contaminants to characterize effects and dose-responses of various
biocontaminants. (Animal models provide a cost-effective tool for evaluating
biocontaminant effects and aid in understanding the extrapolation of
immunotoxicologic data from animals to humans.) Researchers will evaluate the
health effects associated with exposures to mixtures found indoors, particularly
mixtures of biocontaminants like house dust mites and more conventional
pollutants (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs)). This will augment research on susceptible populations (e.g., asthmatics
and those reporting multiple chemical sensitivity symptoms) and improve our
ability to extrapolate animal data to humans facilitating the evaluation of the
human risks from indoor air pollution. This research will substantially expand
fiPA's ability to evaluate the effects <3f pollutant exposures and their impacts
on both normal and sensitive subpopulations by validating risk assessment models
developed using animal data.
Air pollution from mobile sources has been estimated to account for over
half of the nationwide emissions of air toxics, ozone precursors (VOCs and
nitrogen oxides), and carbon monoxide. Mobile sources research will be in the
areas of health effects, exposure characterization, and risk assessment. Thfe
exposure work will consist of: (1) chemical characterization of vehicle emissions
and (2) measuring "real world" emissions from in-use vehicles. This research
directly supports CAA requirements for oxygenated fuels to control urban winter-
time carbon monoxide (CO) levels, urban residual risk assessment of air toxics,
and development of the national tropospheric ozone national ambient air quality
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standards (NAAQS) attainment policy. In support of the mobile sources risk
assessment efforts, the Agency will continue to support limited emissions
characterization for exposure assessments. Consultation on risk assessments and
waiver requests for fuels and fuel additives will support the control of HAPs
from motor vehicles. Assessment activities will also result in the completion
of the butadiene assessment.
In collaboration with OAR, ORD will conduct research to identify and assess
the effects of other air toxics, such as motor vehicle emissions. In particular,
research will focus on the health effects associated with air toxics (such as
benzene, butadiene, and aldehydes) and emerging motor vehicle technologies and
fuels, including the impact of new engine and emission control technologies, new
fuels, and oxygenated and other fuels.
EKEL&II8JION OF CHANGE; - _46. 0 FfK ^___gg_f 9g_4_. Sff
ORD's investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the ORD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
program offices and regions. The program offices and regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term research, which they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent choices possible, OED depends on the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to the risk to human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investments and disinvestments for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflect a consideration of the Agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
In 1998, the Agency will significantly increase the efforts within the
urban toxics research area (total increase of $3,914,000 and 33.6 total
workyears) . Urban toxics, especially those from area sources, represent an -area
where there is high potential risk to humans and high uncertainty in all aspects
of the risk-based process. However, only limited research has been conducted to
determine the magnitude of this problem and how best to mitigate the most serious
risks.
The major sources research area will be decreased by a total of $3,990,300
and 28.6 total workyears. The health effects resources will be redirected to
support urban toxics research to better understand the impacts on health of
exposure to air toxics in the urban setting, where most risks are anticipated to
occur. Long-term research focusing on the Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT) sources will also be redirected to urban toxics so that techniques will
continue to be developed from long-term multidisciplinary studies to characterize
health outcomes associated with urban toxics. For exposure research, major
source emissions measurement method development for most important source
categories will be Completed by 1998. Long-term research focusing on MACT
sources will be redirected to urban toxics, with a small scale in-house program
being continued to complete development for remaining source categories. Much
of the risk assessment research will be continued under the urban toxics area.
Such research includes support for the development of health effects assessments
from chronic (life-time) and acute (short-term) exposures and cancer risk
determinations; Hazardous Air Pollutant Test Rule; activities of Air RISC; and
health and ecological risk assessments methods improvements. The ongoing risk
management air toxics research program is focused on reducing air toxic emissions
from major sources regulated under the MACT program. With the redirection of
resources into urban toxics from major sources, risk management researchers will
focus on providing control options to eliminate toxic organics and metals from
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small stationary combustion sources located in urban areas, such as industrial
boilers and incinerators.
The great waters research area will be decreased by a total of $1,067,800
and 4.3 total workyears. The exposure research related workyears will be
redirected to urban toxics. The'methods for measurement and exposure assessment
of air toxics deposition to great waters, such as the Great Lakes and the
Chesapeake, that have been developed will be available for use in the expanded
regional vulnerability program. Researchers will work on residual urban risks
to develop approaches for assessing risks associated with cumulative exposure to
air toxics from tens of thousands of small area sources and major point sources
after MACT controls. Long-term research to reduce the uncertainty in estimating
the contribution of atmospheric transport and deposition to overall loadings of
toxic substances in great waters will be eliminated. These resources will be
redirected to the urban toxics research area to develop techniques through
multidisciplinary .studies to characterize exposure outcomes associated with urban
toxics.
During the formulation of the 1998 Indoor Air Research Program, the Agency
decided to consolidate the indoor air research into the Air Toxics Research
Program and, likewise, made this change effective in 1997. EPA requests a total
of $1,944,200 and 16.1 total workyears for specific indoor air research within
the Air Toxics Research Program in 1998. Many of the compounds found in the
indoor environment are also found outdoors and contribute to national air
pollution problems, such as urban air toxics and tropospheric ozone (i.e., VOCs
in consumer products).
Resources allocated to indoor air exposure, risk assessment, and risk
management research, as well as a portion of the health effects research, will
be eliminated (a total decrease of $4,059,600 and 33.9 total workyears).
However, through the process of streamlining and integrating EPA's research
programs, a comprehensive air emissions reduction approach will incorporate
indoor air concerns. As for specific indoor air effects research, the volatile
organic compounds research will be reduced. This work is directed at developing
an understanding of the relationship between exposure to organic vapors and
associated health effects, such as sensory irritation. The primary emphasis of
this research has been to develop objective, quantitative methods with which to
measure symptom-based effects.
Increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund the Agency's
workforce.
Funding to support the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research
Center, a one-time 1997 Congresssional earmark, has been eliminated ($1,170,000).
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of "$25,825,600 and 169.0 total workyears for
the Air Toxics program component. The request includes the operational support
staff necessary to implement the'research program. Staff support activities
include program review, health and safety, resource planning and execution,
administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and facilities
maintenance, and ADP.
The Air Toxics Research Program consists of six research areas: major
sources, urban toxics, indoor air, great waters, mobile sources, and air toxics.
For major sources (sources which emit greater than ten tons of a single
toxic pollutant or 25 tons of a combustion by-product of the 189 listed HAPs),
effects research focuses on developing toxicity effects data to better assess
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cancer and noncancer risks for HAPs. whereas exposure research relates to routes
of exposure to better assess cancer and noncancer risks for HAPs. Acute exposure
risks are being evaluated.
Major sources researchers are also (1) effecting the risk assessments for
the most hazardous sources through use of applicable dose-response assessments,
such as health effects assessments from chronic (life-time) and acute (short-
term) exposures and cancer risk determinations, and emerging methods, such as the
benchmark dose methodology; and (2} developing noncancer and cancer dose-response
assessment in support of CAA Amendments for the purpose of assessing residual
risk after the application of emission standards. These assessments also serve
to rank the hazard of the CAA Amendments list of HAPs. As data gaps are
identified during dose-response development, the need for specific endpoint
testing is being identified, and an HAP Test Rule developed. In addition, QKD
operates jointly with OAR the Air RISC Hotline to disseminate HAPs information.
Local, state, and regional air pollution control offices gain risk assessment
information and guidance through the Air RISC Hotline or small research projects
funded by the Air RISC.
Risk management major sources research focuses on the development and
evaluation of technologies to reduce toxic air emissions from small combustion
sources. This research supports development of multiple MACT regulations under
the OAR's Industrial Combustion Coordinated Rulemaking. Researchers will study
how combustion system operating conditions promote pollutant formation and
identify solutions which prevent pollutant generation (i.e., good combustion
practices) or capture the contaminants downstream. Overall, the approach will
identify promising air toxic control technologies that perform as well as or
.better than existing technologies and cost less. In addition to the research on
combustion systems, technical assistance on air emissions from all types of
stationary sources is provided through the CTC.
For urban toxics, effects researchers quantitatively evaluate cancer and
noncancer health effects from chronic exposures; effects .of acute and recurrent
acute exposures; impacts on sensitive subpopulations from exposures to chemical
classes and common urban air mixtures; and multimedia impacts. Risk assessment
methods will provide assessors in communities an opportunity for trial field
applications on a broad scale to get "real world" feedback on the effectiveness
of the methods. Such feedback benefits both EPA and the communities in that EPA
learns of specific application nuances to improve risk assessment models and
communities obtain more directed and user-friendly methods to allow them to
develop scientifically sound risk assessments.
Exposure researchers are developing (1) methods to identify contributing
sources from ambient air measurements and assessment methods to characterize
actual human exposure. Scientists are determining the factors contributing to
why certain communities may be subjected to exposures to air toxics to a greater
degree than other communities. Researchers are combining use of epidemiology and
extrapolations of health data from animals to improve the understanding of health
effects and risk assessment methods. This research will result in new methods
in epidemiology studies to be applied as part of the evaluation of "real world"
risks.
Risk assessment urban toxics research is developing and demonstrating new
methods for assessment of urban toxics to provide communities with tools to
evaluate air toxic control/prevention options. Eventually, EPA will transfer the
information gained from this research more effectively to regional and local
government risk assessors/managers through technology transfer centers. These
risk assessors/managers will use the new risk assessment methods for chronic and
acute noncancer assessments and the new guidance for cancer risk assessment to
determine with greater certainty the risks associated with HAPs arising from area
sources.
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Additionally, as a result of a Congressional earmark, EPA is providing
resources to support the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center.
Under indoor air, researchers focus on laboratory and clinical studies on
neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, sensory irritancy, and pulmonary health effects
associated with indoor exposures to organic vapors. Researchers evaluate the
potential impact on susceptible sub-populations {allergic, asthmatic, and normal
healthy children) of co-exposure to indoor biocontaminants (house dust mite and
other allergens). An animal model for evaluating biologic contaminants is
characterizing effects and dose-responses of various biocontaminants. The two
pollutant classes being studied - organic vapors and biological contaminants -
are primary suspected causes of indoor air health concerns. Research also
focuses on the evaluation of health effects associated with exposures to mixtures
found indoors, particularly mixtures of biocontaminants like house dust mites and
other pollutants (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and VOCs.) This augments
research on susceptible populations (e.g., asthmatics and those reporting
multiple chemical sensitivity symptoms) and improves our ability to extrapolate
animal data to humans facilitating the evaluation of the human risks from indoor
air pollution- This research is substantially expanding EPA's ability to
evaluate the effects of pollutant exposures and their impacts on both normal and
sensitive subpopulations by validating risk assessment models developed using
animal data,
Indoor air risk management research focuses on providing product
manufacturers, indoor air researchers, product testing laboratories, architects
and building engineers with the tools necessary to determine the . emission
characteristics of indoor sources and potential solutions to indoor air problems.
Research includes development and validation of standard methods and models to
characterize the composition and emission rates of pollutants from indoor
materials and products such as office machines, personal care consumer products,
and pesticides/biocides. Data on how physical, chemical, and environmental
variables influence emissions from these sources is generated. A fundamental
understanding of how certain indoor materials adsorb and re-emit indoor
pollutants initially emitted from other materials or products is also a major
focus 'of the source characterization program.
The Control Assessment/Risk Management portion of the program (l) evaluates
porous surface contaminant control technologies including sealants and
encapsulants currently being employed by air duct cleaning companies and (2)
determines the effectiveness of biocides used in HVAC systems as a preventive or
mitigative control strategy. Expected outputs from this research are (1)
recommendations for use and application of antimicrobial agents in HVAC systems
and (2) evaluations of the effectiveness of sealants and encapsulants used on
porous surfaces in HVAC systems.
Research in the great waters area completes work on the exposure
measurement approaches and atmospheric loadings for various HAPs in Lake Michigan
and the Baltimore area of the Chesapeake Bay, under the great waters research
provisions of the CAA Amendments of 1990. In addition, the U.S. portion (three
sites, Canada operates two) of the Integration Atmospheric Deposition Network,
which measures atmospheric loading of HAPs at select locations as an indicator
of broader impacts, is being folded- into the National Framework for Environmental
Monitoring and Research being designed by the Executive Office of Science and
Technology Policy, which coordinates Federal government research in this area.
Under mobile sources, research focuses on chemical characterization of
vehicle emissions and measuring "real world'! emissions from in-use vehicles.
This research directly supports CAA requirements for oxygenated fuels to control
urban winter-time carbon monoxide (CO) levels, urban residual risk assessment of
air toxics, and development of the national tropospheric ozone NAAQS attainment
policy.
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The mobile sources research supports limited emissions characterization for
exposure assessments. Consultation on risk assessments and waiver requests for
fuels and fuel additives support the control of HAPs from motor vehicles.
In collaboration with OAR, ORD will conduct research to identify and assess
the effects of other air toxics, such as motor vehicle emissions. In particular,
research will focus on the health effects associated with air toxics {such as
benzene, butadiene, and aldehydes) and emerging motor vehicle technologies and
fuels, including the impact of new engine and emission control technologie.e, new
fuels, and oxygenated and other fuels.
CRITERIA AIR^POLLUTMITS
If 9 8 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $50,163,100 and 240.6 total workyears in
1998 for the Criteria Mr Pollutants program component. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP).
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and
Development (ORD) is responsible for providing the scientific information needed
to carry out Title I of the Clean Air Act (CAA) , which requires the Agency to
prescribe national ambient air quality standards CNAAQS) to protect public health
(primary) and ecological systems (secondary), to implement control programs to
achieve these standards, and to review these standards every five years. ORD's
Criteria Air Pollutants Research Program includes a combination of short-term and
long-term research that supports implementation and future revisions of the
existing standards.
The Criteria Air Pollutants Research Program contributes to achieving the
Clean Air and Reducing Global and Regional Environmental Risks National Goals.
The combination of all the research will provide the strong science needed to
support statutorily mandated air research programs and includes partnerships,
such as with the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone
(NARSTO), to carry out the research.
The priorities for research within this program were developed in the
context of the ORD strategic plan using a risk-based priority process. In this
process, EPA applied effects, exposure, risk assessment and risk management
criteria to weigh potential research topics. As a result, the research program
in 1998 will focus on particulate matter (PM) , tropospheric ozone (O3) and
support for the development of State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
The information gained from the Criteria Air Pollutants Research Program
will: (1) ultimately protect the health of our children and future generations
as we better understand the problems associated with, and optimal control
strategies for, criteria air pollution; (2) improve our understanding of non-
cancer human health effects; (3) ultimately improve urban air quality by
addressing serious health and livability risks associated with urban air
pollution; (4) provide strong science and readily available information to
support both programmatic management of the criteria air program and joint
public/private research efforts to study ozone (O3) , PM, and other criteria
pollutants; and (5) provide accountability by setting priorities and measuring
accomplishments.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Criteria Air Pollutants Research Program for 1998 will be comprised of
research devoted to PM, tropospheric O3l and other activities which support NAAQS
implementation.
Recent epidemiological studies indicate significant associations between
a variety of measures of PM air pollution and both mortality and morbidity
measures of health effects at PM levels well below current U.S. 'Standards. Of
most concern are indications from these studies of increased mortality risks,
especially among the elderly and those with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease
at levels below current PM10 NAAQS values. While the available epidemiology data
are sufficient to indicate an association between PM and adverse human health
effects, many scientific uncertainties remain. Plausible biological mechanisms
by which PM at low ambient levels could cause mortality and morbidity effects
suggested by epidemiological studies have yet to be identified. It is not yet
possible to determine which ambient PM components are the most significant in
causing adverse health effects. As such, research on PM ($26,577,700 and 109.0
total workyears) will:
(1) reduce uncertainties in all areas of ORD's risk-based priority
process, with an investment focusing on the biological mechanism causing
the effects, including associated exposure research, thereby providing
strong scientific bases for future PM NAAQS revision decisions by the
Agency (with potential multibillion dollar control costs); and
(2) produce the data and tools needed to guide future risk reduction
strategies so that the ,PM NAAQS can be .attained to reduce potential health
threats to the U.S. population.
Specifically, to reduce the major uncertainties in the health effects area,
EPA will continue to identify the mechanisms by which particles affect human
health. This research is comprised of three major efforts. One effort will
evaluate the relationship between health effects and PM exposures, using
epidemiology and significantly improved characterization of exposures. A second
effort will relate ambient concentrations to human exposures by determining the
amount (or dose) of particles inhaled and retained by the lung. A third effort
will expand an area where very little research has been conducted; that is, to
investigate several possible biological mechanisms by which ambient PM
concentrations may induce health effects, thereby evaluating potential causal
links between PM exposures and health effects.
Exposure research will continue to concentrate on measurement,
characterization, and modeling leading to refined estimates of human exposures
to PM. Since major problems 'affecting interpretation of epidemiological
estimates of associations between PM and health effects arise from uncertainties
in the measurement of exposure and characterization of populations affected,
additional resources will be used to expand the PM research effort to reduce
these uncertainties.
The magnitude of potential risks and the uncertainty in existing risk
assessments indicates research is•needed to support decisions by the Agency on
the need for and the form of a revised NAAQS for PM and to support control
program implementation. Therefore, researchers will continue to perform data
analysis to understand: the differences in health effects between coarse and
fine PM; interactions of PM with other pollutants and weather; lung function as
a predictor of mortality; and determination of the best exposure metrics to
estimate health outcomes. Consultation and support will enable state, Regional,
and international air pollution control organizations to perform risk assessments
with less uncertainty. These efforts will provide EPA with research results
needed to develop and implement PM policies based on strong science.
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Risk management research will continue to focus on source contributions to
ambient PM concentrations and determine the availability, performance and cost
of risk management options to meet ambient standards for particulates. The
strategic focus of the emissions component of the program will be to determine
the emission rates and physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles
from key mobile and stationary sources. Emission reduction research will include
modeling studies to predict the performance of alternative strategies to reduce
exposures to particles, which will be augmented by experimental studies of
innovative, low-cost control devices to reduce emissions from a variety of
industrial, commercial, and fugitive sources. The performance of air cleaning
devices to reduce exposures to ambient particles which infiltrate indoors will
also be investigated. Controlling exposures indoors may be extremely important
for susceptible sub-populations who spend most of their time indoors.
Tropospheric O3 resources ($18,667,100 and 73.0 total workyears) will be
used to support a joint public/private effort to improve the scientific basis for
both future O3 attainment strategies and health and ecological effects research.
The emphasis of the program is on the former in order to respond to the National
Academy of Sciences (WAS) report, which challenged the scientific basis for the
Agency's approach to meeting the O3 NAAQS and stated that "despite the major
regulatory and pollution-control programs of the past. . ., efforts to attain the
NAAQS for ozone largely have failed." EPA and NAS agreed that setting an
effective national strategy to deal with this problem will require scientific
information to come from an expanded national research program. As a result, the
NARSTO research program was chartered at the White House in February, 1995 with
a lifetime of ten years, and with a .near-term focus on a 1998-99 assessment of
the improved state of the science for use in a mid-course adjustment to the
national implementation policy. This effort is a 1998 priority for the Office
of Science and Technology Policy's National Science and Technology Council.
In the NARSTO-related exposure research area, EPA will continue research
on atmospheric chemistry and modeling to produce and evaluate a next generation
atmospheric model> addressing the well-documented deficiencies' (such as
inadequate chemistry mechanisms for biogenic and aromatic volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) , poor emissions inputs and source plume treatment, insufficient
vertical and spatial resolution, and the inability to move from individual
episodes to daily and annual representation), in current urban and regional
models used for NAAQS attainment demonstrations. Correcting such deficiencies
will remove some of the great uncertainties state implementation planners face
in forecasting the benefits of alternative source controls in relation to O3
contributions from upwind regions in natural sources. Another area of focus will
be the improvement of methods to physically observe ambient VOCs and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) chemistry leading to O3 formation and the testing of these methods
in regional field studies, which may ultimately lead to replenishing the
atmospheric O3.
In the NARSTO-related risk management research area, EPA will continue
developing and refining emission models and methodologies to improve estimates
of tropospheric O3 precursors (VOCs and NQ ) emitted from mobile and biogenic
sources. The mobile emissions program will include efforts to improve emissions
from both light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Biogenic emissions
research will concentrate on improving estimates of nonmethane organic compounds
(NMOC) and NOX emitted from natural sources. The outcome of the mobile and
biogenic emissions research will be used by the states to produce improved
emissions estimates, thereby devising optimal O3 control strategies. As an
explicit liaison area under the NARSTO program, EPA's in-house research will
continue to study low-cost control technologies to reduce NOx emissions from
small and medium-size combustion sources. These smaller sources will likely be
subject to further controls in certain regions of the U.S. (Northeast and
Southern California). This research will provide data on the performance and
source applicability of the technologies for use by EPA, states, and industry,
who must jointly identify the most efficient and cost-effective ways to comply
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with NOX emissions limits, which will be needed in many areas of the country to
attain the existing or a more stringent 03 standard.
In the area of health effects., EPA will continue research on O3 health
studies. Both mortality and morbidity are being assessed using a combination of
epidemiologic , clinical and animal studies. This research will clarify the role
of O3 in disease initiation and progression, and help to quantify the potential
benefit of reduced 03 exposures.
In the ecological effects research area, researchers will continue to
evaluate the effects of 03 and other stressors on tree growth, as well as work
on integrated risk assessment of O3 on trees in rural areas. Three major
uncertainties exist in understanding the impact of 03 on trees: (l) tree
characteristics (age, size and species) ; (2) other stressors (other pollutants,
drought, etc.),- and (3) exposure dynamics {concentration, frequency, etc.). This
information will form the scientific basis of the criteria upon which the
secondary NAAQS is based.
Risk assessment activities for O3 will consist of providing follow-up
assistance to the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) and the Agency in completing
work to support the final phases of the O3 NAAQS proposal, providing inputs to
research needs identification, participating in collaborative research pertaining
to O3, and creating an O3 Air Quality Criteria Document (AQCD) development plan
for the next review of the standard. Consultation and support in the area of O3
will permit risk assessments by state, Regional, and international air pollution
control organizations with less uncertainty. These efforts will provide OAR with
the research results needed to develop and implement O3 policies based on strong
science .
EXPLANATION OF CHAMSB;. + 3.1.....4. ...ETR + S8,114.6K
ORD's investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the ORD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with 'the interests of
program offices and regions. The program offices and regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term research, which they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent .choices possible, ORD utilizes the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to their risk to human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investments and disinvestments for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflect a consideration of the Agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
Because of the uncertainties associated with the mortality and morbidity
estimates related to PM exposure, additional resources will be used in 1998 to
expand a large multi-year PM research effort. In fact, PM may be the largest
single contributor to adverse effects caused by ambient air pollution, with
estimates ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of premature deaths per
year. To reduce the major uncertainties, additional resources ($7,526,300 and
20.0 total workyears) will bolster EPA's understanding of PM, by:
o reducing the uncertainties of biological mechanisms of PM toxicity that
could explain the observed mortality and morbidity effects, the reported
independence of these effects from particles composition, and the lack of
an obvious threshold for the effects observed at very low exposures;
o reducing the uncertainties in the measurement- of exposure and
characterization of populations affected, which would help resolve major
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problems affecting the interpretation of epidemiological estimates of
associations between PM and health effects;
p reducing the uncertainties regarding exposure assessment (e.g., particle
concentration, size, chemical speciation, variability, and copollutants)
for important subpopulations (e.g., children, the elderly, individuals
with pre-existing diseases) which are critically important since they
affect interpretation of the epidemiological studies on which PM risk
estimates are based;
o strengthening EPA's exposure assessment capability for PM by bringing a
total exposure aspect to exposure characterizations;
o improving data on the sources of fine particles;
o devising risk management approaches that provide the maximum protection to
those portions of the population most susceptible to adverse effects from
exposure to PM;
o understanding regional and temporal variability in particle
characteristics and toxicity (e.g., coarse Western U.S. particles versus
fine Eastern U.S. particles), which may lead to more effective risk
management;
o addressing the magnitude of potential risks and uncertainty in existing
risk assessments to support decisions by the agency on the need for and an
effective form of a revised NAAQS for PM and to support control program
implementation; and
o facilitating completion of the CO AQCD and Staff Paper, which will be
undergoing periodic updates in 1998.
The Agency will redirect $1,189,400 within the tropospheric O3 research
area to help bolster PM research. EPA will increase in-house tropospheric O3
research by 5.8 workyears to expand its study of low-cost control technologies
to reduce NOX emissions from small and medium-size combustion resources.
increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund the Agency's
workforce.
Funding to support the Lung Disease Study by the National Jewish Center,
a one-time 1997 Congressional earmark, has been eliminated ($731,200).
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $42,048,500 and 209.2 total workyears for
the Criteria Air Pollutants program component. Major activities within this
program component include PM {$19,051,400 and 89.0 total workyears) and
tropospheric O3 ($18,771,900 and 66.2 total workyears).
The request includes the operational support staff necessary to implement
the research program. Staff support activities include program review, health
and safety, resource planning and execution, administrative, financial contract
and grant management, equipment and facilities maintenance and ADP.
The 1997 Criteria Air Pollutants Research Program pertains to every aspect
of ORD's risk-based priority process. As such, PM effects research seeks to
understand the potential health effects associated with fine PM by (l) relating
particle characteristics and lung dynamics (flow, structure in normal and
impaired lungs) to lung dose {amount inhaled or retained by the lung) ; (2)
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evaluating hypotheses regarding mechanisms of toxicity (e.g., particle surface
composition and chemistry) and repair (clearance and immunological responses) ,-
(3) developing new .analytical methods and biomarkers of PM exposures; and (4)
conducting pilot studies to apply and validate these methods in human
populations.
Exposure research is focusing on field studies and methods used to better
characterize the airborne fine particles people are exposed to in major regions
of the country and to produce the means to model and measure them. Emphasis is
on better descriptions of ambient particles by their size, amount, and chemical
species so that effects and epidemiological researchers trying to establish the
PM-to-mortality effects link can be guided by a better appreciation of actual
human exposures, especially for sensitive subpopulations. Researchers will
complete the development and evaluation of a new NAAQS Federal Reference Method
needed to determine compliance with the new standard and progress toward
achieving it.
Risk assessment researchers are providing (1) consultation and support so
that risk assessments by state. Regional, and international air pollution control
offices will be done with less uncertainty, (2) assessments of the latest
scientific data to support OAR in its regulatory development, and (3) new
statistical and epidemiological analyses of PM studies that will determine their
relevance to the PM NAAQS. These activities will either facilitate application
of the current PM NAAQS or improve the database for the next PM NAAQS update.
Successful implementation of current and future PM NAAQS depends on
accurate estimates of emission rates from fugitive, stationary, and mobile
sources, a better understanding of the specific composition of the constituents
emitted, and improved techniques to prevent or capture particles of all sizes.
Research to reduce the uncertainties in all these areas is necessary to attain
the health-based standards promulgated by EPA. In support of this goal, risk
management researchers are (1) determining emission rates and the chemical and
physical properties of fine particles emitted from stationary sources that
combust oil and coal, residential wood combustion, construction sites, and heavy
duty diesel trucks; (2) studying how fine particles enter buildings from the
outside and interact with indoor surfaces, sources, and ventilation systems; and
(3) investigating upgrades to existing particle control devices, such as fabric
filters, to improve their efficiency of control, reliability, energy consumption
and cost.
Additionally, as a result of a Congressional earmark, EPA is providing
resources to support the Lung Disease Study by the National Jewish Center.
Tropospheric O3 research includes effects research that is targeted at (1)
understanding the biochemical changes in the lung and the significance of acute
and repeated exposure to lung injury and exacerbation of asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease associated with Oa exposures; (2) epidemiological
studies of O3 to ascertain populations at risk and the magnitude of risks from
long-term O3 exposures, to better understand both the cause of injury and the
effects in sensitive populations; and (3)' the ecological effects of tropospheric
Qj.
Exposure researchers are creating and beginning to evaluate a replacement
chemical mechanism for the next generation atmospheric chemistry and transport
model, which will be fully tested and evaluated. The Observation-Based Method
from the Southern Oxidants Study will be released, complete with user guides.
Researchers are producing new O3 precursor monitoring methods.
Risk assessment researchers are providing (1) consultation and support to
ensure risk assessments by state, regional, and international air pollution
control offices are more robust, (2) the latest scientific information to support
OAR in regulatory development, and (3) a research needs workshop. These
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activities will facilitate application of the proposed. O3 NAAQS or work to
improve the database for the next 03 NAAQS update.
Attainment of the O3 HAAQS depends heavily on the availability of accurate
emissions inputs to atmospheric models used by states to design control
strategies. Inaccurate estimates of O3 precursors have been identified as one
of the factors impeding development of successful control strategies. The major
focus of the risk management research is to improve estimates of O3 precursors
.from mobile and biogenic sources. Mobile emissions research will develop the
next generation research model, which can allocate emissions with sufficient
temporal and spatial resolution and account for various modes of vehicle
operation. In the biogenics area, researchers will improve national estimates
of natural VOCs and NOX emissions and incorporate their findings into the Forest
and Agricultural Trace Gas Assessment System. The risk management program will
also include research on the performance and cost of the NOX control technologies
applicable to small combustion sources. The emphasis of the program has shifted
to focus on the application of reburn technology to control NOX from a variety
of combustors. The effectiveness of lean combustion reburn and acoustically-
enhanced reburning is being determined. Further development of NOX control
options for smaller stationary sources will be critical for certain areas of the
country where existing controls have been inadequate to meet the O3 NAAQS.
DRINKING WATER
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $35,931,500 and 184.1 total workyears in
1998 for the Drinking Water program component. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and ADP.
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended by the 1996 Safe Drinking
Water Act Amendments (SDWAA), requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) set standards and establish processes for treatment and distribution
of disinfected water to ensure that no significant risks to human health occur.
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) research efforts contribute to the
Agencies' scientific basis for regulations implementing SDWA. The research also
seeks to increase our understanding of the health effects, exposure, assessment,
and risk management issues associated with contaminants in drinking water from
a public health basis. EPA scientists also provide technical assistance to EPA
program and Regional offices, states, municipalities, .and private suppliers of
drinking water to assist in prevention or removal of contaminants in drinking
water. Implementation of the research requirements in Sec. 1458(a-d) and Sec. 109
of the SDWAA will require an. expanded program in several areas, with a particular
emphasis on research on sensitive subpopulations, adverse reproductive effects
of drinking water contaminants (toxicology and epidemiology studies), research
on selected disinfection by-products (DBPs) and arsenic, and waterborne disease
occurrence studies, as well as treatment and distribution system development.
The challenge in providing safe drinking water today lies in reaching an
acceptable balance among competing risks. Scientific evidence suggests that
exposure to chemical by-products formed during the disinfection process may be
associated with longer term adverse health -effects. Reducing the amount of
disinfectant or altering the disinfection process may decrease or change the
composition of by-product formation. However, these practices may increase the
potential for microbial contamination. Therefore, EPA's current challenge is to
find the point of optimal disinfection, defined as the amount of disinfectant
that will destroy the greatest number and types of the most pathogenic
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microbiological organisms having public health significance, while creating a
residual level of chemicals that is unlikely to cause chemical induced disease
in humans. To enable EPA to develop effective regulations that will achieve this
balance, research is needed to obtain a better understanding and assessment of
the potential health risks and human exposures to microbial pathogens and DBFs.
Research is also needed on water treatment processes and other means of reducing
these risks to appropriate levels.
Because of the .relative uncertainty, the widespread human exposure to
drinking water, the severity of the known effects from certain microbes, and the
potentially high costs of further regulation, drinking water is one of the six
high priority areas for EPA's research agenda. EPA's commitment to the high
priority area of Drinking water is outlined in the research plan, "Microbial
Pathogens and ,DBPs in Drinking Water", that has been developed with input from
the water community, program and Regional offices and ORD.
MAJOR AgTIVITIEg
In 1998, research will support the SDWAA priorities emphasizing research
on sensitive subpopulations, .adverse reproductive effects of drinking water
contaminants (toxicology and epidemiology studies), research on selected DBFs and
arsenic, and waterborne disease occurrence studies, as well as treatment and
distribution system development.
Additional resources will allow for improvement of the currently available
methods for identifying the many important pathogens in drinking water and to
develop methods where none exist. Currently, available methods for identifying
the important pathogens in drinking water are not sufficiently effective, and for
some pathogens and certain types of DBFs, no methods exist. The scientists doing
exp,pjs.ureresearch will make progress in 1998 toward improving the water
assessment methods and exposure data for alternative DBFs, microbial contaminants
and emerging pathogens. These methods and exposure data will result from
research on: 1) methods for recovering bacteriophages, bacterial viruses, from
water for improved monitoring of drinking water; 2) methods for quantification
of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water by enzyme-immunoassay for better water
quality monitoring; 3) procedures for detection of Microsporidian spores in
water for improved detection of emerging pathogens; and, 4) information regarding
the mechanisms of the formation of DBPs. Our in-house research program will
focus in the area of exposure assessments, particularly in the application of
analytical methods.
Health effects research will strengthen the scientific basis for drinking
water standards through the development of improved methods and new data to
better evaluate the risks associated with exposure to chemical and microbial
contaminants in drinking water. This will include studies to evaluate the extent
to which subpopulations, such as infants and pregnant women, may experience
elevated health risks from contaminants in drinking water. Research on chemicals
will emphasize laboratory and field research on the health effects of DBPS and
arsenic. DBP research will involve the "development of screening-level data and
more detailed information on the carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity of
individual contaminants and mixtures of compounds, with a focus on the
trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Research on arsenic will provide a better
understanding of its dose-response, the relationship between metabolism and
toxicity, and the important factors that can affect the variable sensitivity of
humans to arsenic.
Many uncertainties still exist with respect to our ability to adequately
assess the health effects associated with many pathogenic bacteria, viruses and
parasites in drinking water. Microbial research will continue to emphasize field
studies to evaluate the nature and magnitude of waterborne diseases in
communities as a function of quality, treatment process, and demographic
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characteristics. Development and application of improved tools for conducting
epidemiology studies of waterborne diseases will continue. Studies will further
evaluate various pathogen- and host-specific factors involved in human illness
for the most important waterborne pathogens, including Norwalk virus and
Cryptosporidiurn.
Critical to establishing a regulatory strategy for drinking water is
identifying those contaminants that pose the greatest risk to human health and
consequently, which treatments can be used to reduce these risks and at what
cost. Work in the risk assessment area will, therefore, characterize the
magnitude and severity of adverse health effects associated with exposures to
DBPs, either individually or as complex mixtures. Where possible, assessments
will characterize actual human risks associated with exposures to chlorinated
waters and provide improved methods for assessing epidemiologic exposures and
risks. It is necessary to develop and improve risk assessment methods and tools
in order to evaluate the scientific data and reduce uncertainties associated with
the application of human and animal toxic data to human risks. This will provide
risk managers with both qualitative and quantitative estimates of risks posed by
specific waterborne agents and options for managing those risks. Through the
development and application of newer risk science methods and tools for
integrating and interpreting the scientific data, risk assessment studies can
provide the framework for comparing chemical and microbiological risks and
identify critical research needs and uncertainties.
Researchers will focus on the areas of pathogen risk assessment, mixtures
feasibility studies, and comparative risk modeling as well as more fully
characterizing uncertainties and assumptions associated with risk estimates.
Emphasis will be on developing dose-response models for viruses, including the
Norwalk virus, and selection of surrogate chemicals and pathogens for comparative
risk modeling. A public health, cost-benefit framework for comparing these
risks, i.e., chemical and microbial, will be developed for future application to
various exposures and treatment assumptions. Viral models will be developed
using data on treatment effectiveness generated by the risk management research
program. Efforts will also be initiated to test methods for inclusion of
mixtures data into comparative risk models and to provide common measures for
risk reduction benefit and trade-off analysis.
In 1998 risk_...assessment research and assessment efforts will be expanded
to include the assessment and characterization of non-DBP drinking water
contaminants. Research will focus on the assessment of exposure and human
susceptibility parameters impacting arsenic toxicity and the assessment of dose
response data for noncancer effects in human populations. Particular emphasis
will be placed on the identification of subpopulations especially at high risk
from exposures to microbes and chemicals in drinking water. Additional efforts
will be initiated to validate and test methods for prioritizing and selecting
contaminants (chemical or microbial) of potential risk to human health.
While uncertainties remain, it is known that certain microbes pose a
significant risk to public health. A significant increase in resources in 1998
will allow risk management researchers to focus on developing cost-effective
treatment and management approaches that reduce the risk of waterborne diseases
to acceptable .levels. Effective implementation involves a multiple barrier
concept; that is, use of the best available water source, protection of that
source from contamination, treatment to remove and inactivate pathogens and a
properly designed, constructed, operated, and maintained distribution system.
Determining the effectiveness of various treatment processes to remove/inactivate
microbial pathogens is critical to the implementation of a regulatory strategy
to address this issue. Researchers will evaluate different treatment processes
for their ability to control pathogens, with a focus on Cryptosparidium.
Additionally, rj.sk management research will make significant progress in
closing the gaps in the knowledge about the effectiveness of various treatment
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processes to simultaneously control pathogens and DBFs. Efforts will also be
directed to the development and evaluation of technologies appropriate for small
water treatment systems, which face constraints on cost and operational
complexity. EPA has estimated that treatment costs per household, for a
population ranging from 25,000 to 250,000 people, is tremendous, ranging from
$45/year to as high as $270/year depending upon which technology might be needed
to comply with standards. Research that could lead to improvements in
conventional treatment and could demonstrate that acceptable levels of pathogens
and DBFs can be achieved will have major cost implications across the nation.
There is growing concern that bacteria that grow in the water distribution system
may pose a significant health threat. Scientists will focus on the
identification and characterization of the factors which influence microbial
growth in the distribution system so that strategies to control such growth can
be developed. Efforts will continue to develop effective source water protection
strategies and this work will be integrated for maximum benefit with other
related programs, such as the Wet Weather Flow Research Program.
Research will continue on the evaluation of technologies and the
development of techniques for controlling the formation of corrosion by-products
in household plumbing and drinking water distribution systems and controlling
inorganics, such as arsenic. As required by SDWA, the Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) for arsenic (50 ug/liter) is being reevaluated by EPA. If a more
stringent standard is adopted, it will have important implications in terms of
both cost and technical feasibility, particularly for small community water
systems. This research will focus oh the identification and evaluation of more
cost effective treatment systems for small communities, in order to meet SDWA's
MCL. Corrosion research will assist community water systems in achieving lead
and copper levels established under SDWA.
In 1998, the ground water research program will focus on determining the
factors that govern the transport and survival of pathogens in the subsurface,
which are critical in determining whether ground water as a source of drinking
water does or does not need to be treated and provides support to the Office of
Water's Ground Water Disinfection Rule rule-making process.
EXPLANATION OP CHANSB; -8.9 FTB -S3., 53 6. IK
ORD's investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the ORD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
Program Offices and Regions. To make the most intelligent choices possible, ORD
depends on the inclusive process of ranking the research needs according to its
risk to human or ecological health, degree of uncertainty associated with
existing findings and/or assessment methods, and ORD's ability to effectively
impact the risk posed by the research area. The investments and disinvestments
for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based priority process and reflects a
consideration of the Agency's statutory requirements, technical assistance
requirements, and the need for scientific and technical transfer of ORD knowledge
and expertise.
In 1998, an investment of $656,800 and 2.0 total workyears in support of
the SDWAA will be used to broaden existing efforts to improve the currently
available methods for identifying the many important pathogens in drinking water
and to develop methods where none exist, and focus on developing cost-effective
treatment and management approaches that can be used to reduce the risk of
waterborne diseases to acceptable levels..
There will be a redirection of $862,500 and 11.5 total workyears from the
Ground Water Research Program to Drinking Water Microbe and DBF research to be
used to increase research efforts in emerging pathogens and identifying
mechanisms for the fate and transport of viruses in the subsurface.
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There will be a redirection of $532,500.0 and 7.1 total workyears from the
Ground Water Research Program to Ecosystems Protection for Watershed Restoration
research. This redirection reflects a change in research emphasis towards
watershed restoration, which includes aspects of ground water issues and related
environmental problems.
There will be a disinvestment of $585,300 in the Ground Water Research
Program eliminating the wellhead protection effort to develop an assimilative
capacity modeling system for wellhead protection in agricultural regions; and the
Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Analysis task to identify and verify the performance
of the monitoring parameters and water quality indicators of mining waste.
In 1998, one-time funding ($4,875,000) for cooperative research with the
American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of
California Water Agencies, and the Water Environmental Research Foundation, 1997
Congressionally directed earmarks, will not be continued.
Increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund Agency
workforce.
ISIS?. .PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $39,467,600 and 193.0 total workyears
within the Drinking Water program component. The budget includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and ADP.
The major activities within this program component are the priorities set
in the 1996 SDWAA by studying the health effects of contaminants such as
Cryptpsporidium, DBPs and arsenic, as well as investigating subpopulations at
greater risk of adverse effects and developing treatment and distribution
systems.
Drinking Water exposure research will 'be expanded as a result of additional
funding provided to support the SDWAA of 1996. Exposure research includes
developing analytical methods for microbials and chemicals (DBPs and non-DBPs) .
Microbial research focuses on methods to measure and characterize protozoan
pathogens, such as, hepatisis A, Norwalk and other caliciviruses, and
opportunistic bacterial pathogens. Adequate methods for both microbial and
chemical identification and quantification are necessary to evaluate the
effectiveness of alternate treatment technologies. Extraction methods and
advanced instrumentation is being developed to fully characterize the non-
volatile and difficult to extract DBPs, including chlorine dioxide at low
concentrations. Methods are also being developed for speciation of arsenic in
environmental and biological matrices. ,
He,ar3Tt;h_e_ff_ects research has been significantly expanded as a result of
additional funding provided to support the SDWAA of 1996. This research focuses
on the development of improved methods and new data to better assess the risks
associated with exposure to chemicals (e.g., DBPs, arsenic, and sulfate) and
microbes (e.g., Cryptosporidium) in drinking water. Hazard identification and
dose-response data is being developed for cancer and noncancer effects of
priority drinking water contaminants. Parameters for biologically based dose-
response models for key DBPs and arsenic is being further developed. Microbial
research includes an enhanced program to characterize endemic microbial disease
in the U.S., and a determination of the infectious dose of Norwalk virus and
other waterborne pathogens on the general population and susceptible sub-
populations (eg. Immunocompromised) potentially at greater risk.
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Risk assessment research continues in 1997 to develop and expand a
prevention effectiveness approach for assessing and comparing the risks from
exposures to DBFs and microbes in drinking water. This research includes a broad
spectrum of work ranging from risk assessment methodology development to chemical
and non-chemical health risk assessments to statistical development of the
probability of adverse outcomes to investigations of risk assessment tools for
the risk manager. EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment is
conducting a peer review workshop for the Comparative Risk Framework document and
submit the strategy for the Science Advisory Board review. Risk consultation and
training for cancer and noncancer assessments and support to the Information
Collection Rule (ICR) implementation is also being provided.
Progress in the risk assessment area is being made in the evaluation and
interpretation of epidemiologic data on the carcinogenicity and reproductive and
developmental effects associated with chlorinated water. Efforts are being
initiated in the evaluation and assessment of new epidemiologic studies on
incidence of bladder cancer and exposure to chlorinated water. This will provide
the basis for the development of scientifically sound risks assessments for the
promulgation of Stage II of the DBP rule and assist in the design of larger
epidemiologic studies. Additional efforts will be directed to• the assessment of
health and exposure data on arsenic. This research will enhance our understanding
and characterization of human health risks associated with exposure to arsenic
in drinking water. Development of dose response assessments and models for
Giardia and Cryptosporidium which will be used in establishing pathogen specific
risk estimates for use in setting regulatory levels under the Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule and Risk Trade Analysis for DBFs and microbes. As part of
the additional funding provided to support the SDWAA of 1996, particular emphasis
is being given to identifying and characterizing sensitive populations at risk
when exposed to microbial or chemical contaminants in drinking water.
Risk management is expanding its focus on the evaluation of treatment
processes to control microorganisms and DBFs in drinking water. Optimized
conventional treatment is being evaluated for its ability to remove
Cryptosporidium oocysts which will provide important information in determining
if additional, more expensive treatment is needed to protect human health. The
combination of ozone as a predisinfectant followed by biologically active
filtration is being evaluated to determine its ability to control oocysts and to
better understand the factors affecting the formation of DBPs. This will help
define the capability of this technology to control oocysts and develop operating
strategies to minimize the formation of DBPs. Scientists are focusing on the
identification and characterization of the factors that influence microbial
growth in the distribution system so that strategies to control such growth can
be developed. The effort to identify and evaluate more cost effective treatment
systems for small communities to remove arsenic is being expanded. Laboratory and
field experiments are being conducted to evaluate the fate and transport of
viruses in the subsurface. These data are a necessary part of determining
appropriate criteria to distinguish vulnerable from less vulnerable ground water
systems for decisions regarding whether or not to disinfect ground water that is
a source of drinking water.
As a result of a Congressional earmark, ORD is funding research on the
health effects of low levels arsenic in drinking water with the Association of
California Water Agencies and the American Water Works Association Research
Foundation. This research is focusing on the following four areas: contribution
of arsenic from dietary sources, determinants of variability in arsenic
metabolism, development of animal models for determining mechanisms for arsenic
carcinogenesis, and biologically based .quantitative models. A second
Congressional earmark is funding a new cooperative agreement with the American
Water Works Association Research Foundation and ORD to continue joint research
efforts in health effects, exposure, control and treatment of various drinking
water contaminants, including DBPs, microbes, arsenic as well as various non-
DBPs, such as lead. Finally, a third Congressional earmark is funding the Water
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Environmental Research Foundation in their investigation of various wastewater
management issues, including collection and treatment systems, integrated
resources management, residuals management and human health and environmental
effects.
WASTE/SITE/RISK CHARACTERIZATION
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,344,800 and 20.9 total Workyears for 1998
in the Waste/Site/Risk Characterization Research program component. In addition
to this amount, $10,685,700 and 47.2 total workyears are requested to be
transferred from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account. The request includes
the operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. The
staff support activities include program review, health and safety, resource
planning and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management,
equipment and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP).
The goal of the Waste Research program is to continue to provide the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) and the Regions with support on how
to evaluate the impacts of unremediated waste sites and translate this onto a
risk scale. The research program will provide the program offices, Regions, and
states with data, methods, and models to assess the potential human and
environmental health risks associated with exposures to contaminants encountered
at Superfund and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites.
The purpose of this research is to support the mitigation of health and
environmental problems addressed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA), also known as Superfund. Exposure assessment research in the hazardous
waste research program will continue to provide Regional staffs with the tools,
technologies, and procedures necessary to characterize what contaminants are
present, where they are located, and how they move through the environment.
Under risk assessment, research will continue enabling Regional risk assessors
with tools and support necessary to conduct more credible and scientifically
defensible assessments of the human and ecological receptors at and around waste
sites. These efforts will result in more complete and timely site
characterizations that can then be used as the basis of exposure assessments,
risk assessments, and/or remediation strategies. Such results will lead to less
costly, more efficient and more effective cleanups.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Superfund site characterization research will focus on technologies and
methods that are more field-oriented. In the area of new, innovative sampling
methods/technologies, research on the development of new sampling devices to
reduce the atmospheric losses of volatile organic compounds associated with soils
will be continued. In addition, methods and techniques to improve sampling of
soils, sediments, and other solid"matrices will be initiated. Continued research
on robust statistical techniques to improve data quality and subsequent data
interpretation will be performed to expand the number of techniques available to
more accurately assess the true data moments (e.g., mean, standard deviation,
variance, etc.).
In the area of field and screening, analytical methods research will
continue to focus on more effective technologies and approaches that can
eventually be used to perform analysis in the field, those that can determine
pollutants that are intractable by conventional EPA methods, as well as those
that improve risk assessments by providing specific information on the most
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hazardous forms of pollutants. Specific areas of investigation include: 1) a
simple element-specific detector for gas chromatography/atomic emission detector
(AED), 2) capillary electrophoresis (CE) for very rapid analysis, 3) the
combination of CE with laser-induced fluorescence (LIP) detection for potentially
field-portable analysis, 4} the development of element speciation methods for
measuring concentrations of the most hazardous forms of inorganic pollutants, 5)
the development of new methods using advances in biosensor technology and
immunochemistry, and 6) methods for the field analysis of air pollutants from
Superfund sites.
The monitoring/characterization portion of the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program ($972,700 and 2.5 workyears) will continue
to demonstrate the backlog of commercially available characterization
technologies. Delineating, characterizing, and sampling contaminants and
contaminant plumes in the subsurface/groundwater environment continues to be one
of the most complex, difficult, and costly aspects of Superfund and Hazardous
Waste site characterizations.
Determining contaminant location and movement in the subsurface requires
that we not only detect and quantify the pollutant of interest, but that we also
understand and measure the inherent subsurface hydrogeological and geochemical
structure and properties that influence or control the contaminants spatial and
temporal distribution. To address these challenges, the focus of our research
will continue to be on the development and evaluation of surface-based, non-
invasive, geophysical technologies. Superfund site-specific technical
support/assistance will continue to be provided in remote sensing, in the
application of innovative monitoring and characterization technologies, and in
the support and application of exposure models.
Research in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program will
continue to focus on reducing uncertainties in exposure estimates and providing
technical assistance. Work will continue on: 1) development of multimedia
transport and fate models for hazardous waste management, including support of
the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR); and 2) the in-house development
of more sensitive or specific analytical methods for RCRA waste constituents.
The RCRA technical support program will provide assistance to EPA Program Offices
and Regions in the area of pollutant fate and transport modeling, monitoring, and
characterization, and sampling design and geostatistics.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -5.0 FTB +S29T>K
EPA's investment and disinvestment proposals were made in the context of
the priorities in the ORD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the
risk criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
Program Offices and Regions. The Program Offices and Regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and sho'rt-term research, which they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent choices possible, EPA depends on the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to their risk t'o human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investment and disinvestments proposed for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflects a consideration of the Agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
The increased resources in Superfund (+$3,205,500) will be used to provide
additional characterization research that will focus on technologies, approaches,
and methods (analytical, geophysical, and statistical) that will enhance our
ability to more accurately characterize sites with contaminated gxoundwater being
considered for a natural attenuation remedy. The greatest uncertainty in
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determining the suitability of a site for the natural attenuation remedy is our
ability to initially characterize it and subsequently monitor or predict the
progress (rate) of natural attenuation. More precise methods (analytically and
spatially) are needed.
Another area of great uncertainty is the determination of alternative
endpoints or cleanup standards for remediation of subsurface soils and
groundwater where pollutants appear to have altered bioavailability. Therefore,
additional research will be .initiated on the analytical determination of the
bioavailable species of organic compounds and toxic metals commonly found at
Superfund sites. Most of the increase in risk characterization research will be
to continue work on active projects 6riginally begun in 1996 (i.e., benchmark
dose models, methods for evaluating complex mixtures, and development of
toxicokinetic models).
In the RCRA research program, research on surface based, non-invasive
geophysical methods will be eliminated (-$200,000) in 1998. Research efforts are
focused on supporting OSWER's science needs to support the Hazardous Waste
Identification Rule, which ranks relatively lower in risk priority research;.
Although our ability to characterize RCRA sites will be negatively affected,
overall impacts to other program offices are minimal.
The Superfund workyear reduction will result in the bioremediation effects
program being reduced. Protocols development focusing on microbial technology
and alternative endpoints work will be reduced and the databases (e.g., ECOTOX,
PHOTOX), used to monitor chemical substances, will be eliminated.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $3,314,900 and 25.9 total workyears for
the Waste/Site/Risk Characterization program component. In addition to this
amount, $7,480,200 and 51,8 total workyears are requested to be transferred from
the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account. The budget includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and ADP.
The objective of the Superfund portion of the Waste Research Program is to
develop faster, cheaper, and more accurate ways to characterize waste sites and
risks to human health and the environment. Site characterization work will
continue to provide Program Office and Regional staffs with the tools,
technologies, and procedures necessary to characterize what pollutants are
present, where they are located, and how they move through the environment.
As directed by Congress, the measurement/characterization portion of the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program was fully funded
($961,950 and 2.5 workyears)and new demonstrations on field sampling technologies
and methods for the field extraction of environmental samples will be. conducted.
Superfund site-specific technical support/assistance will continue to be provided
in remote sensing, in the application of innovative monitoring and
characterization technologies, and in the support and application of exposure
models.
In the RCRA related portion of this research, the major emphasis will be
on basic fate and transport process kinetics, -rates, and factors on organic and
metal contaminants in the subsurface. Focus will also be on improvements to
multimedia, multipathway exposure models needed to support Office of Solid
Waste's (OSW) new regulatory approaches to the Hazardous Waste Identification
Rule. Limited research will continue on new analytical methods for
characterizing RCRA wastes and sites. Activity in the area of sampling design
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and. geostatistics will focus on providing technical support and assistance for
RCRA Correction Actions. Subsurface characterization research will continue in
the area of non-invasive geophysical technology projects as well as geophysical
methods for characterization of the subsurface.
In 1997, risk characterization research will continue in reduced levels in
three main areas: (1) developing improved methodologies to characterize sites, (2)
conducting assessments of nationally significant contaminants or sites, and (3;)
developing expert tools and training that will empower risk assessors. Projects
in these areas will include; exposure analysis development, dose-response
analysis development, ecosystem risk analysis, contaminant assessments, site
assessments, risk consultation and training, and expert databases and tools.
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1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a. total of $5,448,900 and 22.8 total workyears in 1998
for the Waste Management and Site Remediation program component. In addition to
this amount, $20,067,700 and 69.3 total workyears are requested to be transferred
to the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP).
The goal of the Waste Management and Site Remediation Research program is
to provide strong scientific and technical support for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER), program offices, Regions, and States. To enhance
this support and improve our understanding of the science controlling the fate
of contaminants in soils and groundwater, the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) will conduct risk management research which focuses on the remediation of
surface and subsurface contaminated soils, sludges, sediments, buildings, debris,
and groundwater. Remediation technical support will be provided by ORD staff to
'Regional Offices for RCRA Corrective Action programs.
The purpose of this research is to support the mitigation of health and
environmental problems addressed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA) , also known as .Superfund. ORD's risk management research goal for
Superfund and RCRA site remediation are of two types: 1) fundamental research and
2} process evaluation research. Fundamental research attempts to understand the
chemical, physical, and microbiological processes that influence contaminants in
soil and groundwater. The research will be conducted to initiate the development
of more economical and efficient remediation technologies. The results of this
research will then be applied, together with engineering principles, to develop
and test new remediation methods both in the laboratory and, when appropriate,
in the field. A more applied method is process evaluation research, which
focuses 'on the cost-effectiveness of full-scale (generally commercially-
available) remediation technologies in the field. These efforts will result in
more effective risk management options.
MAJQ1-.ACTIVITIES
Under this program component, particular emphasis will be placed on the
development of remediation options for contaminated soils and subsurface
contaminants because of the large number of affected sites, the high cost of many
conventional remediation options, and 'the large variability in contaminants and
geology from site to site.
Groundwater contamination has been identified as the major obstacle to
timely and cost-effective site restoration. In the groundwater area, EPA will
expand its field evaluation of innovative extraction technologies for dense
nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs), which contaminate a significant number of
sites and have proven extremely difficult to locate and clean up. Preliminary
reports of initial small-scale field evaluations and initial design guidance on
the use of these technologies will be published. Research on the use of passive
permeable reactive barriers (PRBs, which are composed of a mixture of a sand and
a zero valent metal) will be expanded to pilot scale for arsenic and mercury
contamination. Efforts will continue on laboratory evaluation of models that
describe subsurface movement of nonaqueous-phase liquids, giving site officials
more accurate tools with which to track these highly toxic compounds. This
process and modeling research will expand in 1998 to include more complex wastes
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and hydrogeologic settings typical of many situations encountered at real waste
•sites i
The process of bioremediation involves microorganisms that decompose toxic
and hazardous materials. Remediation using these processes is usually non-toxic,
non-hazardous, and significantly less invasive to the environment. Evaluation
of the effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation processes and the toxicity of
their residuals will continue, with particular focus on polyaromatic
hydrocarbons. Natural attenuation studies will also continue with increased
emphasis on its potential for remediation of the vadose zone and on development
of protocols for its proper application in this part of the subsurface. Studies
of both the bioremediation of metals and of chlorinated solvents will be
conducted in the field.
In 1998, the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program will
focus on areas where remediation problems indicate the need for more cost-
effective cleanup technologies ($6,430,400 and 4.8 workyears). The program
allows technology vendors to demonstrate new remedial technologies for evaluation
by the Agency. These will include in-situ groundwater and vadose zone in-situ
remediation and containment technologies. Innovative technologies, such as
phytoremediation, will be evaluated and high priority remediation problems, such
as town gas sites will be addressed. Additional emphasis will be placed on
documenting system costs and engineered reactive systems.
EXPLANATION OF CHMTGB; +3.5 FTE -g670.8K
ORD's investment and disinvestment proposals were made in the context of
the priorities in the QRD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the
risk criteria, with agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
Program Offices and Regions. The Program Offices and Regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term research, which they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent choices possible, ORD depends on the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to their risk to human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investment and disinvestments proposed for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflects a consideration of the agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
Resources have been increased {+$4,759,700) to continue effort in the area
of Superfund: 1) groundwater remediation, 2} NAPLs treatment, 3)alternative
endpoints, and 4) in-situ remediation options. EPA will conduct field tests of
PRBS on metal/solvents mixture and conduct additional bench tests to understand
fundamental PRB processes in order to optimize systems. Under NAPLs treatment,
field studies using the application of DHAPLs extraction technology will be
performed. Efforts in soils/vadose alternative endpoints and natural attenuation
and bioremediation are focused on field evaluations of anaerobic bioventing of
perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethyne (TCE). Work under in-situ
remediation options will address- the longevity of containment materials and
designs and EPA will also conduct field studies of the biostabilization of Lead
{Pb> and the biodegradation of organics.
Studies of human and ecological effects of bioremediation residuals will
be closed out (-$444,000 and -3,9 workyears).. via disinvestment and redirection
of resources in 1998. Effects research has been addressing concerns for a.
variety of wastes by focusing on (1) microbial ecology; and (2) gaps in cancer
risk assessments associated with bioremediation sites. With the current resource
levels, more emphasis will be put on addressing existing bioremediation sites.
As a result of past research, there is reduced uncertainty in bioremediation
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effects and moire fully developed technology for evaluating potential effects.
Currently, there are substantive mechanisms in determining how to effectively
apply risk management tools to the bioremediation of chlorinated organics.
Consequently, 1998 funding for the bioremediation of chlorinated organics will
be reduced to address relatively higher risk management problems in the area of
remediation in general and bioremediation in particular. As a result of reduced
funding, field verification work will be phased out and initiating new processes
for field verification will come to a close.
The Underground Storage Tank (UST) leak detection and prevention program
will conclude its studies in 1997 (-$152,000). By December, 1998, all USTs have
to be upgraded or discontinued entirely. Substantial progress has been made
since the inception of research in this area in the mid-1980s as a result of the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment (HSWA). There are adequate means available
to detect leaks and determine tank structural activities. Activities in the
Fractured Rock Program will also be reduced (-$146,900) in 1998. This program
addresses significant uncertainties that exist in characterization of containment
effectiveness. This will be reduced to a more limited effort focusing on the
porosity of fractured rock in situations where quarries, etc. are being used to
hold high, volume wastes (e.g., cement kiln dust) .
.1997, gROGRRM
The Agency is allocating a total of $6,119,700 and 32.5 total workyears for
the Waste Management and Site Remediation program component. In addition to this
amount, $15,407.7 and 65.8 total workyears are requested to be transferred from
the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account. The budget includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and ADP.
In 1997, ORD will continue field evaluations of innovative extraction
technologies for nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). Comparison .of eight
technologies for remediating light NAPLs will be completed and an evaluation of
remediation technologies for dense NAPLS will be initiated. Laboratory research
will be conducted on effectiveness of permeable reactive barriers for treatment
of arsenic and mercury in groundwater, and a field evaluation of full-scale
permeable reactive barriers for treatment of combined hexavalent chromium and
chlorinated solvent plumes will continue. A technical guide on the use of PRBs
will also be produced.
Research on the effectiveness of bioremediation on a variety of compounds
in differing soil matrices will be conducted as part of EPA's work to determine
appropriate bioremediation cleanup endpoints which are protective of human health
anct the environment. Bioremediation is a technology of great interest to OSWER
due to its potential low cost. The Agency needs to determine whether residuals
from bioremediation pose any significant .risks to human health or the ecosystem.
In addition, EPA will continue to investigate when natural attenuation is an
appropriate choice for site remediation. The development of protocols for
evaluating the potential of natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in
groundwater will continue and one on natural attenuation of contaminants in soil
will be initiated.
During 1997, bioremediation effects research will conclude development of
protocols focusing on microbial ecology associated with this technology,
completing research on the evaluation of protocols using alternative (biological)
endpoints, which can be used routinely for screening potential toxicity of
metabolic byproducts. The 1997 portion of this research will emphasize field
validation.
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The SITE program ($6,409,800 and 4.8 workyears) will focus on areas where
remediation problems indicate the need for more cost-effective cleanup
technologies. These are expected to include in-situ remediation and containment
technologies, as well as technologies to remediate wastes that are expensive to
treat, (such as mixtures of metals and organics). Expensive remediation
technologies for waste sites still remains a barrier to clean up because many
innovative technologies have not been demonstrated in the field and many are
believed to be untested and unproven.
In 1997, award recipients in the grants program are to engage in specific
research areas under Environmental Fate and Treatment of Toxics and Hazardous
Wastes. Those research areas are: l) Fate and Mobility of Contaminants in Soils
and Groundwater and 2) Assessment of Risks of Contaminated Soils and Treatment
Residuals. In Fate and Mobility of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater, the
interactions between subsurface geochemical and biological processes can have a
profound influence on the mobility, fate, and bioavailability of organic and
inorganic contaminants. The research seeks to strengthen the scientific basis
for estimating risk through improved scientific knowledge about the fate and
transport processes that affect contaminants and our ability to detect and
measure them.
In Assessment of Risks of Contaminated Soils and Treatment Residuals, the
level of cleanup greatly affects the cost of remediation. Remediation levels
must insure that human health and the environment are adequately protected. To
accomplish these objectives in a cost-effective manner, data are needed about the
risks of contaminated soils, treated soils and other solid matrices in the vadose
zone. Research areas of interest under treatment residuals include:
• Factors influencing the availability of toxic metal or inorganic
contaminants common at contaminated sites [e.g., Cyanide (CN), Cadmium
(Cd) , Mercury (Kg), Chromium (Cr-VT)]. This research requires developing
an understanding of the chemical, physical, and biological processes which
influence the chemical form of the metal/inorganic, its mobility in the
environment, and its assimilation by, and impacts on, human and ecological
receptors.
• Methods for assessing the potential human health and ecological impacts of
residual contaminants (e.g., incinerator ash or untreated mine waste
tailings that remain in place). Of particular importance are techniques
applicable to assessing mixtures of residuals from thermal and chemical
treatment of complex, toxic organics such as Polynuclear Aromomatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (2PCBs), which go
through multiple steps of degradation.
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HUMAN HEALTH PROTECTION
1998PROGRAMREQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $53,626,000 and 251.2 total workyears in
1998 for in the Human Health Protection program component. The request includes
the operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP).
The primary purpose of research conducted under the Human Health Protection
program component is to develop scientifically sound approaches to assessing and
characterizing risks to human health. This research program supports several
cross-Agency National Environmental Goals such as -reducing global and regional
environmental risks to public health, safe drinking water, safe indoor
environments, clean air, and safe food. These efforts are central to several
goals and principles of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC),
including improvement of environmental quality; sustaining a healthy, educated
citizenry; and maintenance of world leadership in science. The scientific
knowledge developed as a result of this research program provides the scientific
underpinnings for implementation of several regulatory statutes, including the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) , and the recently enacted Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
of 1996.
Research supported under the Human Health Protection program component is
closely aligned with the risk assessment/risk management paradigm in the Office
of Research and Development's (ORD's) Strategic Plan. Health effects research
supported under this component attempts to determine the health effects to humans
of exposures to man-made stressors (e.g., pesticides or toxic substances) and the
.likelihood that these effects will occur under conditions of environmental
exposure. Exposure research attempts to measure, predict and assess the multiple
routes/pathways by which humans are exposed to environmental stressors
(pesticides and toxic substances) that result in harmful health effects. The
results of efforts in both these areas become inputs to rjlsk,, asses,smeny. research,
which integrates the results of effects and exposure research to produce risk
characterizations, including estimation of the potential that a population will
experience any of the adverse effects associated with the stressor under known
or expected conditions of exposure.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Research under the Human Health Protection program component is conducted
in four key areas: human health effects, human exposure, human health -risk
assessment, and health effects of sensitive subpopulations. Activities supported
in 1998 under each are described below..
In the area of human health effects the Agency will continue to conduct
test methods research t
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QRD's human_ exposure research, program develops exposure methods,
measurements, databases, models, and protocols to assess with known certainty the
multiple routes by which humans are exposed to environmental stressors. OKD will
continue research to develop (1) measurement methods that reduce uncertainty in
multimedia measurements of persistent toxic substances and pesticides, (2) new
low-cost exposure measurement techniques, and (3) models/methods for estimating
exposure via inhalation, dermal, dietary, and multiple pathways. OKD will expand
its in-house human exposure research efforts to enhance/refine existing methods
and models for evaluating exposures and dose from pesticides in residential
environments, and for estimating exposures to farmworkers, their families,
infants, children, and other sensitive sub-populations. The results of these
efforts are critical to the implementation of FIFRA, TSCA, FQPA, and other
legislation.
The U.S./Mexico border communities are predominantly Hispanic populations
for which essentially no database on exposure-health risk exists. The Agency is
collaborating with several local, state and federal agencies to resolve
environmental health-risk problems in these border communities under the
NAFTA/U.S.-Mexico Border project ($2,127,300 and 4.9 total workyears) . Exposure
assessment research consists of several monitoring and surveillance projects to
ascertain exposures actually experienced by border residents and will establish
reference databases for interpreting potential health risks associated with such
exposures. While this effort is oriented predominantly to exposure studies, some
effects work is also done. Effects research attempts to address exposure health
risks of high concern to border residents. These efforts will continue in 1998.
Efforts supported under the human health risk assessment research program
are directly targeted to improving the scientific basis for health risk
assessments. Efforts include the conduct of chemical and site-specific
assessments, and the development of risk assessment tools and guidance to
facilitate program-related regulatory decisions. Much of this research, such as
the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), supports the EPA's community-based
environmental research. IRIS is an EPA database of Agency consensus health
information which is used extensively by EPA program offices and Regions where
consistent, reliable toxicity information is needed for credible risk
assessments. The IRIS base program includes database and records management.
In 1998, EPA will take steps to update the content of the IRIS database, improve
its accessibility, and provide better outreach to users.
Research to support Physiologically-Based Pharmakokinetic (PBPK) and
Biologically-Based Dose-Response (BBDR) Model Development (formerly referred to
as Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA)) will continue to support
PBPK, BBDR model development to reduce uncertainties in health risk assessment
($5,247,000 and 37.9 total workyears). PBPK dose modeling research will develop
approaches to estimate target tissue doses following exposure to environmental
toxicants and theoretical models for intra/interspecies dosimetric comparisons.
Research to support BBDR model development/validation will elucidate the
critical physiologic and mechanistic factors that contribute to adverse effects
in laboratory animals and humans and will determine the influence of varying
route, dose, dose-rate, duration and cumulative dose on effects/health outcomes.
An important element of the Human Health Protection program is research to
understand health effects of environmental stressors on sensitive subpopulations
($19,492,200 and 43.8 workyears). Evidence increasingly points to the potential
for greater risk of health effects in sensitive subpopulations as a result of
exposure to environmental stressors. Research in this area spans the scope of
the risk paradigm, including effects, exposure, and assessment efforts. The 1998
program will support research to implement the Children's Agenda and the Food
Quality Protection Act.
In 1998, under the Children's Agenda, the Agency is initiating a new multi-
year effort to reassess our current information and approaches for determining
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risks to children. EPA will begin a significant Agency-wide multi-year
initiative to: (1) evaluate current risk assessment protocols and methods to
ensure they take into account unique multi-pathway and multi-chemical exposures
for children, (2) update information specifically on children's exposure to
pollution threats, and (3) assess current national environmental and health
standards to ensure that they adequately address risks to children's health.
This initiative will build upon current Agency-wide activities to ensure a
consistent approach in improving our risk assessments and national standards
specifically to protect children. Under this initiative, the Agency will conduct
research to support performing separate risk assessments for children that
address the differential exposures and susceptibilities of children and that go
beyond the traditional chemical by chemical approach. Research will focus on
areas that are most likely to have a significant impact on protection of children.
from environmental risks and where more information is needed to carry out
assessment and characterization of risks to children.
The Agency will also continue to support research to improve our
understanding of age-related differences in sensitivity due to exposure to
pesticides and to develop improved testing guidelines for predicting effects of
pre- and perinatal exposures on development in infants and children. Research
will continue to focus on developing methods and models for evaluating exposure
from various pesticide uses, and developing and validating methods to detect,
characterize, and quantify the health effects of pesticide exposure in children,
Title III of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires the
conduct of data collection activities to ensure the health of infants and
children. In support of this requirement, in 1998, EPA will expand research on
farmer family exposure, residential exposure, and pesticides and children, EPA
will expand research on the measurement of exposure of farm families, via dietary
routes, with an emphasis on children. With an expanded sampling and analysis of
exposures via dietary pathways a total human exposure assessment will reduce
uncertainties associated with current exposure measurements within this sensitive
subpopulation and fill major gaps in our understanding of exposures to pesticides
under this agriculture setting. In addition, efforts to measure
multimedia/multipathway exposures to pesticides in residential environments will
be accelerated. An integrated multipathway/multimedia exposure modeling
framework, inclusive of dietary pathways, is critical to the development of a
total human exposure model describing exposures under residential environments.
Inclusion of the dietary component within the current residential exposure
research will significantly reduce the uncertainties and risk posed by exposures
through dietary pathways specifically emphasizing children. Also, efforts will
be expanded to include risks posed to children from cumulative/aggregate
exposures and effects/toxicity associated with cumulative exposures to pesticides
with an emphasis on infants and children. The aim of this new effort will focus
on developing dose-response methods and models integrated with effects/toxicity
methods/models to provide an assessment of the cumulative exposures, effects, and
risks to infants and children from pesticides and other toxics.
In support of Section 405 of FQPA, EPA will conduct research to develop
methods for risk assessment for purposes of re-evaluating tolerances and
registrations that meet the FQPA criteria, including considerations of all non-
occupational exposures to pesticides, cumulative effects of pesticides exposures,
especially pesticides with common mechanisms of action, and assessment of
variability in subgroup susceptibility and scientific analysis to support
development of policies for using an additional 10-fold safety factor for
children as called for in FQPA. In addition, research will be initiated to
develop effective risk communication tools that meet the requirements of the Act.
Also in support of Section 405, the Agency will support health risk
assessment research under the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
(NHANES) project. NHAHES is designed to assess the health and nutritional status
of the noninstitutionalized population of the U.S. The Survey is based on a
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probability sample of the U.S. population and includes extensive questionnaires
for all subjects and standardized physical examinations, including urine and
blood analyses. Collection of environmental, biological, and questionnaire data,
including dietary intake, under NHANES and analysis of the data to support risk
assessments called for under the Pood Quality Protection Act will be supported.
EXPLAKATIOH OF CHANGE; -1.3 FTE 4-511.125.400
ORD' s investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the ORD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
program offices and regions. The program offices and regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term research, they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent choices possible, ORD depends on the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to their risk to human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investments and disinvestments for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflect a consideration of the Agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
The change in resources in 1998 includes an increase of $6,992,200 support
for research on the health effects and exposure of sensitive subpopulations
exposed to pesticides and toxic substances. Research will be expanded to support
implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, broadening our
understanding of human exposure issues, particularly as they relate to infants
and children, farmer families and others, and to support re-evaluation of
pesticide chemical tolerances and registrations.
The Agency also proposes a new effort under the Children's Agenda to
reassess current information and approaches to determining risks specifically to
children ($5,500,000). These increases are in direct support of EPA'.s priority
of protecting the health of our children and its strategic goal of determining
how individuals vary in their responses to toxic insults.
Increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund the Agency's
workforce.
Funding for the Lower Mississippi .River Cancer Study ($1,170,000), a one-
time Congressional earmark in 1997, will be eliminated in 1998,
.1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $42,500,600 and 252.5 total workyears for
the Human Health Protection program ^component. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program xeview, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and ADP.
Human exposure to chemicals and the potential effects of a pollutant on
human health are the primary bases on which risk assessment determinations are
made. Better data provides for reduced uncertainty in risk assessments, resulting
in more effective policy and regulatory decisions for managing the risks to human
health. To reduce uncertainty in human health risk assessment, the Agency is
supporting research in the areas of human exposure, health effects, and human
health risk assessment. In addition to supporting implementation of the Federal
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Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) , much of the research conducted in 1997 supports the Food
Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996.
In 1997, human exposure research is focusing on 'enhancing and refining
methods and models for evaluating exposures and dose from pesticides in
residential environments, estimating exposures to farm workers and their spouses
and children, and emphasizing exposures to infants/ children, and other sensitive
sub-populations. Efforts are continuing to characterize the sensitivities: of
various sub-populations exposed to pesticides and toxic substances, focusing on
characterizing behavioral patterns, age-related differences in sensitive sub-
populatioris leading to exposure, importance of dietary/non-dietary pathways, and
development of new methods and models for estimating exposures. With the current
emphasis on children and other sensitive sub-groups (farm workers, spouses)
expansion of the current human exposure research program to address risks to this
sensitive population and development of accurate exposure measurements, methods,
and models are critical to a comprehensive understanding of populations at risk
from exposure to pesticides and toxic substances.
An unusually high occurrence of developmental effects (e.g., birth defects)
in the U.S.-Mexican Border region has prompted research on health effects,
exposure to pollutants, and risk factors for disease in that region ($2,213,400
and 3.8 workyears). This research is being conducted in conjunction with the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Texas Department of Health.
The research is attempting to identify other health problems that may be
occurring as well as possible causes.
In the area of health, effects, the Agency is conducting research to develop
methods to assess human health effects and evaluate the data obtained from them.
This research is looking at the effects of pollutants on different biological
systems (e.g., nervous, immune, etc.) and determining if, and to what extent,
those effects are indicators of human health risks. The results of this research
will help the scientific community identify risks to human health more
efficiently. Information produced through these efforts is particularly critical
to the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) which
requires chemical companies to provide information on the effects of their
Chemicals. A particular effort in 1997, funded as a one-time earmark, is the
Lower Mississippi River Interagency Cancer Study whose purpose is to determine
the contribution of industrial chemical exposure to cancer in the Lower
Mississippi River Region.
Research in the area of health=r4sk;r=assessmgnt: complements and builds upon
research conducted under the human exposure and human effects areas, and is
applied to research conducted under other program components such as Pollution
Prevention. New studies related to risk assessment are underway in 1997 on the
role of interindividual variation in human susceptibility to cancer. Humans vary
substantially in their inherent susceptibility to carcinogenesis. This
variability might be the result of variation in one or several steps of the
carcinogenic process (e.g., carcinogenic uptake and metabolism, DMA damage, etc.)
and arises from many independent factors, some inborn and some environmental.
EPA's research focuses on the identification of genetic differences that can
affect carcinogenic risk from environmental agents, the quantitative relationship
of these differences to the risk of cancer, and the distribution of these genetic
differences in the population.
Also supported in the area of risk assessment is the Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS) and Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA) .
IRIS is a database of chemical-specific risk information on the relationship
between chemical exposure and estimated human health effects. Additional risk
information is being developed for use with IRIS, including less-than-lifetime
exposure risk estimates, developmental toxicity (e.g., birth defects) and other
endpoint specific human health effects risk assessment information. In addition,
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efforts have begun to expand the current system to include risk information from
across federal agencies. In'1997, a pilot project on 11 chemicals to be placed
on IRIS will be completed. This project will greatly improve the data base on
the chemicals and provide for peer assessment of the new entries.
Research to Support PBPK and BBDR Model Development (formerly referred to
as Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA) ) will continue to support
physiologically-based pharmakokinetic (PBPK) and biologically-based dose-response
(BBDR) model development to reduce uncertainties in health risk assessment
($5,451,000 and 37.9 total workyears). This project is examining methods and
models for extrapolating risk from high- to low-dose or from effects in animals
to humans. This research will improve the accuracy of applying laboratory
conducted test results (e.g., high-dose exposure to animals) to other, harder-to-
test exposure scenarios (chronic low-dose exposure to humans).
An important effort in 1997 in the area of sensitive eubpopulatipng is the
Children's Agenda.
Under the Children's Agenda, the Agency is continuing to address toxic
effects as a function of age. Toxicological research is targeted to identify and
characterize qualitative exposure-effect relationships for pesticides. These
relationships include response as a function of critical periods of development.
Also included are quantitative exposure-effect relationships for pesticides.
Research to develop approaches for quantifying children's exposure to various
classes of pesticides is also continuing.
In addition, the Agency is providing start-up support for an effort to
reassess current information and approaches for determining risks to children
from exposure to pollution threats. ORD is forming a children's risk workgroup
to develop interim guidance for completing separate assessments for infants and
children, and supporting a project focusing on the development of models of
children's total exposure to toxic chemicals.
SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $15,872,900 and 70.6 total workyears in 1998
for the Special Environmental Hazards program component. The request includes
the operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP). Resources within
this program component will support the endocrine disrupters research program in
1998.
The Special Environmental Hazards Program promotes several National
environmental goals, including Healthy Terrestrial Ecosystems, Clean Air, and
Clean Water. Specific efforts to learn more about the potential health risks
posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals directly support these major National
goals and are consistent with the priorities and goals of the Office of Research
and Development's (ORD) Strategic Plan. These efforts are central to several
goals and principles of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC),
including improvement of environmental quality; sustaining a healthy, educated
citizenry; and maintenance of world leadership in science. Results from this
research support the Agency in setting standards and regulations under the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) , the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA), and the recently enacted Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) amendments of 1996.
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Research, under the Special Environmental Hazards program component focuses
on individual chemicals/toxics, classes of chemicals/toxics, and other issues
that (a) may pose serious risks to both human health and/or ecosystems, (b) are
expected to require a shorter-term, concentrated efffort, and ® are determined to
be of special concern to the Agency and/or Administration, Previous efforts have
focused on the risks of biotechnology products and human exposure to lead. In
1998, efforts will concentrate on a broad class of environmental chemicals known
as endocrine disrupters, which may adversely affect human health or wildlife.
The Endocrine Disrupters (ED) research program was established in response
to growing scientific concern about the potential effects of environmental
exposure to substances that interact with the endocrine system. In the area of
human 'health, these concerns include increases in cancers of hormonally sensitive
organs such as the breast and testes, malformations of the reproductive tract,
such as hypospadias, decrements in the quality and quantity of semen, and
learning disabilities in children. In the ecological arena, effects reported to
be associated with exposure to EDs include the presence of estrogen- induced
biomarkers in male fish living downstream from sewage outfalls and pulp mills,
immune deficits in birds and sea mammals, and alterations in reproductive
development in reptiles, fish, birds and mammals. The uncertainties associated
with the hypothesis that hormonally active chemicals are inducing adverse
reproductive effects in humans and wildlife are great . Characterization of the
effects is often minimal, numerous confounding stressors are often present, and
relationships to particular exposures are virtually nonexistent .
In response to great public health and environmental uncertainties, EPA has
taken the lead in an effort to collect and assess pertinent information. Working
in partnership with other federal and private groups, EPA scientists have
organized a major effort to obtain all relevant existing data, evaluate the
sufficiency of existing data, determine what additional data are needed to
formulate an appropriate response, evaluate options for obtaining additional data
and coordinate research across and outside the federal government.
In an effort to obtain maximum input into the planning, sponsorship and
conduct of research on endocrine disrupters, EPA has been working through the
(NSTC) Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources . Federal agencies that
have expressed interest in participating in an endocrine disrupters workgroup
include the Centers for Disease Control, National Biological Service, Food and
Drug Administration, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
National Cancer Institute, National Science Foundation, Fish and Wildlife
Service, Natural Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency, and the Department of
Agriculture .
EPA has established a program of research to characterize the effects of
environmental exposure to various chemicals, focusing on two major research
areas , heal-th. ......... .ej^fecfi.s, and expQs,vren,_as-sess,tnenC. in two target populations, humans
and wildlife. In 1998, ORD will continue to support research to learn more about
the sources, chemical and physical properties, transport pathways, and ecological
and human effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) , and identify the major
knowledge gaps. Effects research will build upon the solid foundation
established by the current base program in human and ecological health research
on the particular endpoints of most concern and the types of chemicals that are
capable of inducing such effects. Exposure research will place increased
emphasis on efforts aimed at characterization,- methods development and modeling
of exposures to EDCs. Three areas will continue to be emphasized. The first
involves better physico-chemical characterization of a few known or highly
suspect EDCs to obtain near- term understanding of the risk of chemicals of
current concern. The second area is developing pathway models that can predict
which chemicals {or groups) are likely to be of more concern for endocrine
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disruption or pose the highest risk. The third area is aimed at reducing major
uncertainties associated with the flux of EDCs in and out of sediments via
sorption/desorption kinetics and other pertinent transformation pathways.
In 1998, the program will begin to transition from one of primarily hazard
characterization to one that explores some of the more intractable risk
assessment issues, such as the potential synergistic action of endocrine
disrupters in biological systems, the shape of the dose-response curves in the
low dose region, the definition of biologically significant exposure pathways,
and exploration of field research efforts linked to laboratory studies. Risk
management activities will also be undertaken to develop realistic solutions to
confirmed hazards.
A prime focal area will explore the possibility that non-additive, and
potentially synergistic, actions will take place in biological systems when
exposure to multiple EDCs occurs. Since many of the studies involving mixtures
are only experimentally feasible using in vitro Systems, we must gain additional
insight into the significance 'to in vivo systems of observations from In vitro
assays, as well as identifying the mechanisms of action by which biologically
significant departures from additivity may occur. Another area of great
uncertainty is the shape of the dose-response curve in the low dose region.
Research will be undertaken to understand whether traditional concepts of dose-
response hold for exogenous agents that interact with endogenous ligands if we
are to be able to determine the significance of exposures to the general
population (as opposed to effects observed in highly contaminated areas). In the
area of exposure assessment, field applicants of new methods in the hazard
characterization program will be developed to document whether human or
ecological responses are occurring at lower level exposures. Lastly, research
will increase activities in characterization and risk management. As the nature
and magnitude of the problem are defined through effects and exposure research
studies, these efforts will facilitate the integration of the information into
sound and defensible public policy.
Development of new and improved methods and models to assess and predict
the effects to humans and wildlife from exposure to endocrine disrupters will lay
the groundwork for effective and reliable risk assessment/risk management
decisions. These efforts will provide better information, tools, models, and
techniques to Agency decision makers for setting environmental standards and
regulations under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA), the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA), and other environmental legislation.
EXPIRATIONOFCHANGE; +3.8 FTK ±$3,882.100
EPA's investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the ORD Strategic 'Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and with the interests of
program offices and Regions. The program offices and Regions each have a set of
specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term research, they
strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands and make the most
intelligent choices possible, EPA"depends on the inclusive process of ranking the
research needs according to their risk to human or ecological health, degree of
uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or assessment methods, and
ORD's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the research area. The
investments and disinvestments for 1998 are largely based on a risk-based
priority process and reflect a consideration of the Agency's statutory
requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for scientific and
technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
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The change in resources in 1993 includes an increase to support
investigations of some of the more intractable problems associated with endocrine
disrupters, a major national public health concern ($4,312,300 and 6.7 total
workyears) . Endocrine disrupters are. chemicals in the environment suspected of
interfering with the hormonal system, causing potentially severe developmental
and/or reproductive damage. The increase will support a maturation of the
program from one of primarily hazard characterization to one that explores some
of the more intractable risk assessment issues, such as the potential synergistic
action of .endocrine disrupters in biological systems, the shape of the dose-
response curves in the low dose region, the definition of biologically
significant exposure pathways and establishment of field research efforts linked
to laboratory studies. Risk management research will begin to develop solutions
to confirmed hazards. This expanded effort will improve the ability of risk
managers to prioritize regulatory activities related to potential endocrine
disrupters.
Lead research is being discontinued in 1998 ($374,800 and 2.1 total
workyears) . The lead research program will be concluded during 1997 because of
the advanced level of knowledge in that area and the low risk ranking relative
to other competing priority areas. The workyears are being redirected to other
areas of higher priority. With this disinvestment, the Agency will discontinue
its remaining research for implementation, investigation, and validation issues
on lead models.
Increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund the Agency's
workforce.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $11,990,800 and 66.8 total workyears for
the Special Environmental Hazards program component. The request includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and ADP.
In 1997, the Agency is supporting research to characterize the effects of
environmental exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals, focusing on two
major research areas, healtfo„effects and exposure assessment. in two target
populations, humans and wildlife ($10,791,000 and 53.9 total workyears). The
focus is on evaluation of the sources, chemical and physical properties,
transport pathways, and ecological and human effects of endocrine-disrupting
chemicals, and identification of knowledge gaps.
Effects research is developing and 'validating both methods and models to
understand and predict adverse effects associated with exposure to compounds that
disrupt endocrine function. Potential endocrine disruptor effects under
evaluation include developmental and reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity and
neurotoxicity, which may be observed in humans or wildlife species. The methods
being developed are needed by the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic
Substances (OPPTS), and other EPA Offices that regulate through the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide .and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), or the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) to provide a
means to determine the need for further evaluation of a compound (i.e., screening
methods) as well as standardized methods for data collection and evaluation
(i.e., test guidelines). The models, which are based on biological,
physiological, or structural input, are also used by EPA offices that regulate
through TSCA or FIFRA. Methods and models under development include those that
will provide a means to predict adverse effects in situations where complete data
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sets are unavailable. They may also aid in decisions regarding priority for
testing and/or regulating.
Exposure research is placing increased emphasis on efforts aimed at
characterization, methods development and modeling exposures to EDCs. ORD's
exposure research emphasizes three areas. The first involves better physico-
chemical characterization of a few known or highly suspect EDCs to obtain near-
term understanding1 of risk of chemicals of current concern. State-of-the-art
measurement technologies will be developed and applied in support of multimedia
modeling efforts and characterization of endocrine-disrupting compound
distributions in ecosystems. The second area is developing pathway models (e.g.
compartmental transport, fate, or transformation) that can predict which
chemicals (or groups) are likely to be of more concern for endocrine disruption
or pose the highest risk. This is needed to identify improved approaches for
both exposure and for risk reduction. Existing data, information in the public
literature or in EPA databases, and model resources will be searched and
evaluated to establish current capabilities and to identify data gaps and
uncertainties before new parameters and models are developed. The third area is
aimed at reducing major uncertainties associated with the flux of EDCs in and out
of sediments via sorption/desorption kinetics and other pertinent transformation
pathways.
Data, methods, and models produced in these efforts will be used to predict
the effects to humans and wildlife from exposure to endocrine disrupters and will
provide the Agency the information it needs to characterize risks from these
chemicals, establish priorities for additional study, and support regulatory
decision-making.
Efforts in lead research are focusing on the removal of lead-based paint
from interior and exterior surfaces using new, innovative technologies. This
research will form the basis for more cost-effective alternatives for reducing
risk from exposure to lead. Research also continues on validation of the
Integrated Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children and on
correlations between blood lead levels and environmental concentrations. A final
report summarizing the validation studies will be produced.
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HEW TECHNOLOGY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
1998PROGRAMREQPBST
The Agency requests a total of $57,073,600 and 146.9 total workyears for
1998 in the New Technology and Pollution Protection program component. In
addition to this amount, $960,000 is requested to be transferred from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund Account. The request includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and ADP,
EPA's priorities under this program component were developed in the context
of the ORD Strategic Plan. EPA decision makers asked the following questions
when weighing potential research topics: (1) which problem areas represent the
greatest risk? (2) what areas represent the greatest uncertainty in risk
assessment? and (3) where is the greatest opportunity to reduce the cost, or
increase the efficacy of risk management? Priority was given to research that
would •make the greatest contribution in addressing improved risk management
decision making for high priority human health and environmental risks.
This research is cross cutting in nature and supports many national
environmental goals, including toxic-free communities, healthy terrestrial
ecosystems, clean air, and clean water. Several Agency criteria and approaches
are also addressed, such as risk reduction, prevention and deterrence, pollution
prevention, community-based environmental protection, and partnerships. These
programs will result in new information, tools, and techniques to be used by the
Program Offices in setting environmental standards and regulations. ORD
researchers will work closely with Program Offices and Regions to address high
priority areas where generic new technologies can have a major impact on
preventing pollution.
Work under this program component supports the research and development of
new tools and methods, techniques and approaches for preventing or mitigating the
impacts of pollution. Areas of focus include common sense approaches to
environmental compliance, environmental technology, pollution prevention, small
business innovation research, and technology transfer:
o The Kalamazoo Right-to-Know Initiative will ultimately provide the 75
largest metropolitan areas (based on population) in the United States with
access to information regarding local environmental quality and relevant
scientific and technical tools to interpret and evaluate potential impacts
and risks.
o Research efforts under the Common Sense Approach (CSA) directly support
the Agency's reinvention efforts aimed at reducing the burden of
environmental protection on our partners and ourselves via research and
development, and then application of pollution prevention approaches.
o^ The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program is designed to
facilitate the verification and use of innovative, cost effective
environmental technologies through partnerships with private sector
companies, non-profits, other Federal agencies, universities and states.
EPA scientists and engineers will build upon and expand the ETV pilot
projects begun in 1996 and 1997 to verify the performance of environmental
technologies developed by both the public and private sectors.
o ORD's pollution prevention program directly supports efforts to prevent or
deter activities that may result in environmental harm, and directly ties
to the Agency's attempt to alter the traditional notion of solving
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environmental problems after they are created. ORD researchers will focus
on tools and methods, technologies and approaches, social, science and
long-term research, and partnership building and information transfer.
o Small businesses consistently provide the United States with innovative
technologies and approaches to solving difficult environmental problems.
Funding for competitive contract awards will be provided under the Small
Business Innovation Sesearch (SBIR) program, mandated by the Small
Business Innovation Development Act of 1992.
o ORD technology transfer efforts apply sound science to a wide array of
environmental problems and make available ORD tools and knowledge to
Regions, states, and local decision makers. These activities include a
number of pollution prevention activities to facilitate more sustainable
manufacturing in the areas of textiles, polyurethane foam, paints, metal
fabrication, and lumber, as well as the development of some multi-media
assessment, reengineering, and outreach tools.
M&JOR MTTIVITIES
The New Technology and Pollution Prevention Research Program includes
resources for the Kalamazoo Right-to-Know Initiative, the Advanced Measurement
Initiative, and the Environmental Technology Initiative,
The Kalamazoo Right-to-Krxow Initiative ($15,000,000 and 10.0 workyears)
will require close coordination across 1PA as well as the establishment of
effective partnerships with other Federal agencies, states, and local
communities. The Right-to-Know Initiative is complementary with the goals of
several ongoing EPA efforts and is an opportunity to build upon and leverage
Agency programs such as Community-Based Environmental Protection (CBEP), the
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), as well as systems such as STQRET, the
Office of Water's "Surf Your Watershed," Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics
(MRLC) , the AIRs database, and others. EPA will work with other Federal, state,
and local agencies to put in place a nationwide network to observe key
environmental health indicators being provided in the air, land, and water.
ORD will play a major role in three related research and development
activities pivotal to the success of the Right-to-Know Initiative: development
of approaches to integrate monitoring measurement technologies with effective
data management and communications solutions, development and design of a data
delivery system, and research to facilitate effective communication to the public
regarding environmental risk. These efforts will help families gain access to
timely health-related data to make informed choices that directly affect their
health.
In 1998, the Agency will emphasize a cross-program concept identified as
the Advanced Measurement Initiative (AMI). AMI ($4,000,000) will accelerate the
application of advanced technologies tp enhance environmental measurement and
monitoring capabilities (e.g. waste site'characterization, water and air quality)
as well as to move the Agency towards a more coherent multi -media approach to
environmental monitoring. In addition, AMI will create effective partnerships
with Federal, state and local agencies responsible for environmental monitoring
to facilitate and leverage adoption of new and enabling technologies to achieve
cost savings, improve inter-operability of data and methods, and collect timely,
reliable and effective environmental data. The technologies addressed by AMI
include remote sensing, and processing and communication technologies, and offer
powerful new tools for internal and external research for ecosystem risk
assessments; the measurement and modeling of the transport of pollutants in the
atmosphere,- and the evaluation of new strategies for watershed restoration.
These technologies will yield a clearer, more detailed picture of environmental
problems, and will ultimately lead to more rapid development of ways to address
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the problems. In addition, EPA and NASA will be working together in areas where
there are priority matches between EPA's environmental needs and NASA's science
and technology capabilities. The projects resulting from these efforts will be
jointly funded by EPA and NASA and may involve participation of the environmental
monitoring and management industry, which supports states, tribes, and
localities.
The overall goal of the ETV program is to verify the environmental
performance characteristics of commercial-ready technology so that potential
purchasers and permitters are provided with an independent and credible
assessment of what they are buying and permitting. This is accomplished through
evaluation of objective and quality-assured data. ETV work in 1998 ($10,462,000
and 6.0 workyears) will build upon the Agency's pilot program of environmental
technology verification entities (e.g., small drinking water treatment systems,
environmental monitoring technologies, pollution prevention and hazardous waste
technologies). In addition to developing several new verification entities,
efforts will continue in the areas of outreach, program assessment, and data
management. Outreach and information diffusion on the results of the earlier
evaluations will be expanded, and program results to date will be evaluated for
preparation of decision options on the future of the program.
The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) support research program ($871,500 and
4.5 workyears) is funding several research projects in the Metal Finishing and
in the Printing Sectors. These projects are selected and approved by the CSI
Committee and are implemented by ORD. In the Metal Finishing Sector, emphasis
will be placed on additional evaluation of the very promising fume suppressant
technologies for the hard chrome platers. In addition, work will begin on
evaluating zero-discharge scenarios for platers in general. In the Printing
Sector, studies will begin on the use of non-stick coatings for printing
equipment as a pollution prevention technique to reduce the need for cleaning
solvents.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 4-21.8 FTB +JS21,211.9K
EPA's investments and disinvestments were made in the context of the
priorities in the OKD Strategic Plan consistent with the application of the risk
criteria, with Agency approaches and priorities, and in consideration of the
interests of Program Offices and Regions. The Program Offices and Regions each
have a set of specific competing priorities, for long-term and short-term
research, they strongly believe deserve our support. To balance these demands
and make the most intelligent choices possible, EPA depends on the inclusive
process of ranking the research needs according to their risk to human or
ecological health, degree of uncertainty associated with existing findings and/or
assessment methods, and EPA's ability to effectively impact the risk posed by the
research area. The investments and disinvestments for 1998 are largely based on
a risk-based priority process and reflect a consideration of the Agency's
statutory requirements, technical assistance requirements, and the need for
scientific and technical transfer of ORD knowledge and expertise.
Research under the Kalamazoo Right-to-Know Initiative (+$15,000,000 and
+10-0 workyears) will focus on: 1) integrating monitoring technology and
information; 2) risk communication; and 3) data delivery systems. ORD will
coordinate with the Agency Program Offices and Regions, and other participants
for full implementation by 2000; with the following general time frame: 1997
Conceptual Design; 1998 Feasibility Study and Prototyping; 1999 Initial
Development; and 2000 full scale operation.
The Advanced Measurement Initiative (+$4,000,000) will apply to a full
spectrum of human and environmental health protection activities, including
compliance and ambient monitoring, and risk assessment and risk management
decisions. These technologies are a critical link in moving' to a more flexible,
performance-based regulatory system.
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OKD will continue to provide funding for competitive contract awards under
the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, mandated by the Small
Business Innovation Development Act of 1992. Resources of $1,135,500 and 1.0
workyear will be redirected in 1998 to support the 2.5% set-aside for the SBIR
program.
Increases will also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-living
adjustments (COLAs) and Locality Pay adjustments necessary to fund Agency
workforce.
In 1998, 'resources for theoretical and applied benefits research will be
mainly redirected to initiate a program to support Agency and industry efforts
to reduce adverse air emissions from consumer and commercial products through
source reduction. This proposed redirection will develop tools and methods which
can be used by industry to quantify the impacts of their products.
Funding for the Northern Iowa Small Business Pollution Prevention Center
{total $292,500), a one-time 1997 Congressional earmark, has been eliminated.
1997. PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $35,861.7 and 125.1 total workyears in
1997 within the New Technology and Pollution Prevention program component. In
addition to this amount, $564,200 is requested to be transferred from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund Account, The amount includes the operational
support staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support
activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning and
execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and
facilities maintenance and ADP.
In 1997, the Agency is endeavoring to use more positive, less
confrontational approaches to assist industry in complying with the Nation's
environmental statutes. As part of this effort, ORD's scientists and engineers
continue to provide scientific and technical support for regulatory development
to the Agency's media programs under the Source Reduction Review Project (SRRP).
In support of the Program Offices and Regions, ORD also conducts in-house
research on the design, development, and demonstration of new and innovative
technologies that prevent pollution from entering the air, water, and soil.
When considering which of these innovations is most sensible to use, cost
ntqst continue to be an important factor. As part of an Agency-wide initiative,
research has been initiated on tools to document the costs associated with new
technologies and pollution prevention. This Benefit/Cost Initiative
significantly improves such tools as they are applied to environmental protection
and enhances community-based risk management options as well as the quality of
Agency regulations and guidelines.
The Agency's Common Sense Initiatiye (CSI) is an effort designed to achieve
greater environmental protection at less cost by addressing pollution with an
industry-by-industry, rather than a pollutant-by-pollutant, approach. ORD's
share ($809,000 and 4.0 workyears) of the CSI supports the research, development,
validation, and diffusion of pollution prevention and innovative technology
options for achieving environmental compliance for the six target CSI industries,
while also maintaining their economic competitiveness.
In 1997, ETV work ($10,212,600 and 6.0 workyears) focuses on environmental
technology verification. ORD's efforts build upon the Agency's pilot program of
environmental technology verification entities (e,g., small drinking water
treatment systems, environmental monitoring technologies, pollution prevention
and hazardous waste technologies).
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EPA's 1997 pollution prevention research focuses in three areas. Chemistry
for pollution prevention develops safer commercial substances and environmentally
friendly chemical synthesis routes to reduce risks posed by existing practices,
Engineering for pollution prevention develops novel engineering approaches for
preventing or reducing pollution from industrial manufacturing activities.
Measurement, assessment and feedback techniques for pollution prevention leads
to innovative measurement and assessment techniques for more effectively
preventing pollution from entering the air, water, and soil.
As a result of a Congressional earmark, ORD is funding a cooperative
agreement that supports pollution prevention outreach to small and medium size
manufacturers in Iowa, Utah and Nevada. It is known as the Northern Iowa Small
Business Pollution Prevention Center.
Funding for competitive contract awards continues to be provided under the
Congressionally-mandated SBIR program. In the area of technology transfer, ORD
works to inform all stakeholders of the latest information associated with new
pollution prevention technology, thereby encouraging its consideration as a
primary alternative in their decision making.
gCIENCE QUALITY AND INFRASTRtTCTDRE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $144,661,800 and 204.3 total workyears in
1998 for the Science Quality and Infrastructure program component. In addition
to this amount, $8,042,500 and 9.4 total workyears are requested to be
transferred from the Hazardous Substance Superund Account.
Science and technology activities that are assigned to the Science Quality
and Infrastructure program component tend to fall under one of two types. The
first type of activities include those that are multimedia in nature. This
involves those activities which are not specific to a media and that cut across
two or more media. Areas of focus in this type include:
O Exploratory grants, which encourage creativity in research through a
general solicitation of research proposals in areas where gaps in
scientific knowledge exist;
o The Research Centers Program, which contains resources for the Hazardous
Substances Research Centers, the Environmental Research Centers and
Minority"Centers;
o The Fellowship/Environmental Education Program, which heightens the
knowledge base in specific environmental areas as well as attracts bright
students into careers that serve environmental science;
o High Performance Computing and Communications, which is giving researchers
and analysts greater abilities to see environmental effects cross-media
and with multiple pollutants; and
o Regional methods, Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE), and the
Regional Scientists program to strengthen the ties between Regions,
states, and communities and provide shared knowledge that better serves
the public.
The second type of activities are those that provide basic infrastructure
resources in support of the science and technology programs. Within this second
type, areas of focus include infrastructure, operating 'expenses and other
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operational resources, which provide facilities and other support to the overall
science and technology program at EPA.
Activities under the Science Quality and Infrastructure program component
satisfy many goals. The Office of Research and Development (ORD), among the
goals of its strategic plan, is dedicated to developing scientifically sound
approaches to assess and characterize risks to human health and the environment;
provide credible, state-of-the-science risk assessments, methods, models and
guidance; and provide common sense, cost effective approaches for preventing and
managing risks. The Regional Scientist .Program, the Regional Applied Research
Effort (R&RE), and the Regional Operations programs contribute to all three goals
by strengthening the scientific basis for policy and regulatory activities of the
Regions, states, tribes, and local government. In a similar manner, the High
Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) program helps to satisfy the ORD
goal of integrating human health and ecological assessment methods into a
comprehensive multimedia assessment methodology.
The request includes the operational support staff necessary to implement
the research program. The staff support activities include program review,
health and safety, resource planning and execution, administrative, financial
contract and grant management, equipment and facilities maintenance and automated
data processing (ADP).
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Agency expects to support roughly 360 total fellowships across
multiple disciplines, including the biological and physical sciences,
mathematics, and computer science and engineering. The Fellowships program
($15,000,000) will attract some of the brightest and most dedicated students in
the Nation to take advanced training in scientific and engineering disciplines
relevant to protection of public health and the environment and, ultimately to
careers in environmental science and engineering. Fellowships are announced
nationally, with the applicants being judged by external peer reviewers. Another
cross-media scientific program is the Environmental Education program, which EPA
will continue to support ($1,608,200 and 1,0 total workyears.} Similarly, the
Exploratory Grants Program will generate new ideas and produce new scientific
information by encouraging creativity and innovation in scientific research. By
the publication of a general solicitation, general areas, in which there exist
significant gaps in scientific knowledge and understanding, will be publicized,
allowing individual investigators from the academic research community to
conceive, define, and propose research projects. Topics in 1998 will cover a
broad variety of areas, such as environmental chemistry and physics and health
and ecological effects of pollution. Proposals are competitively reviewed by
peer panels of predominantly out side-Agency researchers, with only the most
scientifically sound proposals ultimately receiving support.
The 1998 request includes resources for the Centers program, which covers
the Environmental Research Centers (ERCs), one Hazardous Substances Research
Center (HSRC) , and the Minority Centers program. The ERCs and HSRC support
fundamental and applied research, including technology transfer and training
activities that address the priority problems of environmental management within
their geographic areas of concern. The four university-based ERCs will conduct
research in airborne organics, clean industrial and treatment technologies,
multi-scale experimental ecosystem research, and ecosystems health research.
Funds to support the Hazardous Substance Research Center program will be provided
to the South and Southwest Center led by the Louisiana State University. The
focus of this center is on managing hazardous substances in contaminated
sediments and dredged materials. Finally, the request also funds the Minority
Centers program, which emphasizes participation of minority scientists and
students in environmental research.
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Operating Expenses covers the operating cost of a research organization
that includes five National Centers and Laboratories and Headquarter's offices
with facilities and remote sites located in nine geographical areas. These
operating expense resources are for costs pertaining to scientific and technical
equipment, ADP support and services, laboratory supplies, ORD-wide data systems,
facilities operating expenses, facilities repair and improvement projects under
$75,000, human resources development training, training for scientists and
engineers, administrative printing and reproduction, and various other
miscellaneous support services. In addition, ORD will invest in a Tear 2000
information system correction to remedy problems resulting from the turn of the
millennium date change. This investment will address OKD information systems
that involve or interchange data which contain dates. Through this investment,
ORD will ensure inter-operability between the Agency and ORD systems by the year
2000.
The 1998 request for the Working Capital Fund (WCF) ($29,045,700) contains
funds formerly allocated to the Office of Administration and Resources Management
and used to support ORD's postage and ongoing data processing and
telecommunication needs, with the creation of the WCF, these resources and data
processing services were moved into ORD. In 1998, the requested resources will
provide the program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service
costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and
investments in technical consulting services.
The High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) program is a
cross-Agency program that allows stakeholders the capability to access data,
environmental models, and analytic tools to make informed decisions involving
risks to human health, ecosystems, and the economies of local industry and the
surrounding community. While current exposure assessment capabilities pertain
to only one media, HPCC research will develop prototype cross-media ecosystem
exposure assessment capabilities involving both air and water for local
communities and regional planners to test when considering a range of local
control options and risk reduction strategies. In 1998, parallel computational
capabilities will be enhanced to enable study of multi-pollutant and cross-media
issues involving ozone, particulate matter, and nitrogen. Additionally, the HPCC
program will involve the academic community in innovative research to advance the
technology required for cross-media environmental modeling, risk assessments, and
community decision-making.
The Regional Programs involve the extension of research support to the
Regions to assist in high priority areas while reducing the cost and improving
the quality of research efforts. This area includes the Regional Scientists
Program, the Regional Methods Program, and the Regional Applied Research Effort
(RARE) . The Regional Methods Program will continue to emphasize the development
of high priority monitoring methods needed by EPA Regions and states to establish
permit conditions that are better tailored to site-specific situations, as well
as to more cost effectively assess compliance with permit conditions. This
includes the Environmental Monitoring Management Program (EMMP) , which supports
the Agency's efforts to reduce the cost and improve the quality of environmental
monitoring. The RARE program provides EPA Regions with a rapid response mechanism
to address high priority, current.year, applied research needs.
The Agency-wide Quality Assurance (QA) program is responsible for
developing QA policies and procedures and assessing environmental measurement
programs to meet these goals. The Quality Assurance Division also provides
training on QA policies and procedures, and conducts assessments on the
implementation of the QA programs throughout'the Agency (40+ organizations).
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +11.8 FTK - S392.7K
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Changes in resource levels planned, under the Science Quality and
Infrastructure program in 1998 include the following;
o Resotirces for Fellowships and the minority trainingship program are being
increased {+ $7,378,400) to better support the assistance which EPA
receives from the universities, as well as to support the Agency's
dedication to sound science. This increase will help enable EPA to fund
an additional 100 fellowships in 1998.
o An investment {+ $500,000) for an information systems correction due to
the Year 2000 date change will allow ORD's information systems to remain
compatible with Agency systems.
o An increase of $1,273,600 in the WCF is based on anticipated cost
projections for 1998 research program support.
o Increases will -also be made to workyear resources to reflect cost-of-
living adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay .adjustments necessary to fund
the Agency workforce.
o A total of $13,031,200 associated, with the following one-time funded
Congressionally-directed earmarks has been eliminated: Experimental
Program to Stimulate Cooperative Research {EPSCoR} ; Oil Spill Restoration;
Center for Air Toxics Metals; the Mine Waste Technology Program; Livestock
and Agriculture Pollution Abatement; Resource and Agriculture Policy
Development; San Joaquin Valley PM-10 Study; and the Gulf Coast HSRC-
Lamar Center.
o A total of $4,010,100 associated with the Agency Fiduciary reserve was
eliminated. The fiduciary reserve is established during the development
of the operating plan each year.
o The resources to support the Superfund research centers will be reduced (-
$3,716,600) due to the success of the program. The centers were
congressionally mandated as part of the Superfund legislation, in
anticipation that the centers would become self-sufficient over time.
1997 PROGRAM RBOTOSST
The Agency's budget is a total of $145,054,500 and 192.5 total workyears
for the Science Quality and Infrastructure program component. In addition to
this amount, $11,547,900 and 9.0 total workyears are requested to be transferred
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account.
The budget includes the operational support staff necessary to implement
the research program. The staff support activities include program review,
health and safety, resource planning and execution, administrative, financial
contract and grant management, equipment; and facilities maintenance and ADP.
In 1997, the Regional Scientists Program, the RARE program, and the
Regional Methods program continue to' provide support to the Regions by assisting
in high priority science areas and reducing cost while improving the quality of
research efforts. New biological and chemical methods for assaying and
monitoring regional specific problems, as well as regional specific case studies
are being published. These include development of environmental indicators for
wetland evaluation, recommendations for aquatic resource protection and
restoration in the lower Mississippi delta, and targeting pollution prevention
and source reduction in Saginaw Bay.
Fellowships, under the Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program, continue
to bring fresh ideas to bear on EPA science issues,, while developing -a national
3-144
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scientific base of scientists. in 1997, the Agency continues to support (at
$7,625,000) roughly 260 fellowships across multiple disciplines. Likewise,
support for Environmental Education continues ($1,604,900). Funding for 1997
includes resources for the continuing operation of four Environmental Resource
Centers (ERCs) , for five Hazardous Substances Research Centers (HSRCs) based on
Congressional direction, as well as for the Minority Centers program. Other
Congressionally-directed earmarks in 1997 include: $1,462,500 towards EPSCoR,
$731,200 for Oil Spill Restoration at the Louisiana Environmental Research
Center, $975,000 for the Center for Air Toxics Metals, $4,875,000 for the Mine
Waste Technology Program, and $2,437,500 for the Gulf Coast HSRC-Lamar Center.
Exploratory Grants in 1997 continue to research with significant gaps in
scientific knowledge, producing new ideas and new scientific information.
Approximately 100 grants are being funded, one third of them are new awards.
In 1997, HPCC research is being completed on the MODELS-3 development and
testing is being initiated in-house. EPA continues to emphasize development of
flexible environmental modeling and decision support tools that states can use
in determining cost-effective, mid-course corrective action for their state
implementation plans to ensure attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for ozone.
Resources supporting science and technology operations, including operating
expenses, WCF, QA, and infrastructure, continue to provide support services
necessary for the basic operation of ORD.
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3-146
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UNITED STATES ENVXROHMEOTM. PEDTECTIOH AGENCY
FX98 PKESIDEST'S BUDGET
SCIKIICB AND TECKNOiOCT
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMAKif: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1S97
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 9T
AA WATER
Drinking Water
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,506.7
20.8
1,707.6
21.3
1,673.6
21.3
1,738.8
21.3
65.2
0.0
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
1,506.7
20.8
1,707.6
21.3
1,673.6
21.3
1,738.8
21.. 3
65.2
0.0
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PRINKIH6 WATJE TBCHNICAIi SUPPORT, CENTER
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests $1,738,800 and 21.3 total work-years in 1998 for the
Drinking Water program component.
M&JOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, resources will continue to fund drinking water technical support
for the implementation of drinking water regulations and a wide range of
implementation activities related to laboratories, e.g., laboratory
certification, laboratory performance, and laboratory quality assurance and
quality control .
The Agency will continue to assist drinking water treatment plants in the
implementation of the Information Collection Rule (ICR) ., The ICR is one of the
six rules included in the Agency's high priority Microbial -Disinfection
Byproducts rule cluster, a comprehensive and complex set of rules addressing
health risk assessment, cost, treatment technologies, and risk analysis. The ICR
specifically requires about 300 large, public water systems to collect and
analyze large amounts of occurrence and treatment data for disinfectants,
disinfection byproducts, and microorganisms. In 1998, EPA staff will provide
technical expertise to states and systems in this very significant effort.
EPA staff will also work directly with large, medium and small systems in
adopting the composite correction program, which assists these systems in
improving filtration performance . The Agency will continue its partnership with
large public water systems, states, and the water industry to use a composite
correction approach to optimize current treatment and, thereby, minimize human
health risks due to cryptosparidiim .
OF CHMKIB *$65..2, K
The Agency's 1998 request is an increase of $55,200 which reflects
estimated increases in personnel costs .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,673,600 and 21,3 total workyears for
the Drinking Water program component.
EPA will be assisting public water systems in the implementation of the
ICR. The final ICR rule was promulgated in June 1996 and the approximately 300
large public water systems affected by this rule will be taking steps to
implement it. This rule requires the collection of occurrence and treatment data
on microbial and disinfectant/disinfection byproducts (DBF) contaminants in the
drinking water supplied by these systems . Agency staff will be assisting these
systems in developing effective approaches to both the data collection and the
analyses of the data required by the rule. Laboratories that test and assess
drinking water samples also play an important role in the ICR. In 1997, EPA will
work with about 400 laboratories, particularly on microorganism and DBP analyses.
EPA will monitor laboratory performance and will use the performance evaluation
studies, which include 360 microbial sample sets and 1,400 DBP sample sets as
well as laboratory quality assurance and quality control to ensure that ICR data
quality objectives are being met.
EPA believes that federal/drinking water stakeholder partnerships will
produce significant risk reduction benefits . The partnership for safe water is
3-148
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a voluntary initiative through which public water utilities pledge to reduce
microbial contaminants beyond regulatory requirements through a series of
effective engineering practices. The Agency is providing core tools and training
to utilities; by the end of 1997, over 250 water utilities across the nation are
expected to have joined with the Agency and major national water associations in
this partnership.
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3-150
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
FY 1996 FY 1997 FT 1997 ft 1998
OPIAN PRES. BUD. ENACTED REQUEST
C SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
C3XB1E Water Quality Research
C4XC1A Drinking Water Research
C6XL1A Toxic Substance Research
C7XE1A Pesticides Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
101 Ecosystems Protection (Ecosys Prat)
NRXA1E Global Change Research
102 Global Change
C1XA1E Air Quality Research
103 Air Toxics
C1XA1E Air Quality Research
104 Criteria Air Pollutants
C1XA1E Air Quality Research
IDS Indoor Air
C5XC1A Drinking Water Research
106 Drinking Water
C5XD1A Hazardous Waste Research
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
107 Waste/ Site/Risk Characterization
C5XD1A Hazardous Waste Research
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
108 Haste Management and Site Remediation
C6XL1A Toxic Substance Research
C7XE1A Pesticides Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
109 Human Health Protection
C6XL1A Toxic Substance Research
C7XE1A Pesticides Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
110 Special Environmental Hazards
C5XD1A Hazardous Waste Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
111 New Technology and Pollution Prevention
A2XH1A Field Expenses
A3XH1A Headquarters Expenses
C1XA1E Air Quality Research
C3XB1E Water Quality Research
8,020.1
0.0
1,500.3
954.1
43,105.6
53,580.1
16,730.2
16,730.2
12,872.1
12,872.1
28,953.1
28,953.1
3,669.2
3,669.2
14,111.2
14,111.2
1,966.5
0.0
1,966.5
6,122.5
0.0
6,122.5
3,070.0
3,694.7
15,554.3
24,319^0
353.3
195.0
5,412.5
5,960.8
2,511.0
26,324.8
0.0
28,835.3
47,393.3
4, 829. B
27,390.9
11,B49..3
26,1B1.7
0..0
5,960.1
8,427.9
74,643.6
115,213.3
18,439.7
18,439.7
25,667.8
25,667.8
43,168.9
4.3,168.9
0.0
0.0
26,593.7
26,593.7
3,511.4
' 0.0
3,511.4
6,214.1
0.0
6,214.1
5,774.2
12,048.0
25,780.4
43,602.6
353.9
0.0
12,187.3
12,541.2
173.1
51,227.2
0.0
51,400.3
78,213.6
10,837.2
886. 8
112.1
24,461.0
0.0
5,700.4
7,232.9
69,765.2
107,159.5
14,138.6,
14,138.6
25,825.6
25,825.6
42,048.5
42,048.5
0.0
0.0
39,467.6
39,467.6
3,311.9
0.0
3,314.9
5,775.4
344.3
6,119.7
5,489.7
11,668.9
25,342.0
42,500.6
344.0
0.0
11,646.8
11,990.8
173.1
35,689.6
0.0
35,861.7
76,098.8
6,850.4
2,316.3
275.4
27,413.6
0.0
6,088.0
7,479.2
64,477.1
105,457.9
21,053.7
21,053.7
19,871.1
19,871.1
50,163.1
50,163.1
0.0
0.0
35,931.5
35,931.5
3,344.6
0.0
3,344.8
5,448.9
0.0
5,448.9
6,822.9
24,535.6
22,267.5
53,626.0
61.9
0.0
15,811.0
15.B72.9
173.1
S6,,900.5
0.0
57,073.6
72,713.6
11,032.5
886.8
112.1
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, SE
APPROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/P6
C4XC1A Drinking Water Research
C5XD1A Hazardous Waste Research
C6XL1A Toxic Substance Research
C7XE1A Pesticides Research
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
01XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
DEXR5A Program Management - Research £ Development
NRXA1E Global Change Research
112 Science Quality and Infrastructure
10 AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
2F1A2B MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAMS
4GXX5A Lab Support - Air And Radiation
HTXA2B Emission standards. Technical Assessment s Characterization
HUXA2B Testing, Technical £ Administrative Support
HVXA2B Emissions fi Fuel Economy Compliance
001 OZONE/CO/NOX
2F1A2B MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAMS
HTXA2B Emission Standards, Technical Assessment; fi Characterization
HUXA2B Testing, Technical t Administrative Support
003 PM/VISIBILITY/REGIONAL HAZE/LEAD
2F1A2B »BILE SOURCE PROGRAMS
HVXA2B Emissions fi Fuel Economy Compliance
004 AIR TOXICS
YFXA2H Acid Rain Program
006 ACID RAIN/SO2
2F1A2B MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAMS
HTXA2B Emission Standards, Technical Assessment s Characterization
009 CLIMATE CHANGE
5A1A2H Indoor Environment Program
TLXF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Z5XA2H Indoor Environments Program
010 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards £ Guidelines
.K2XF20 Haste Isolation Pilot
SZXF2R Radon Action Program
TLXF2R Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Oil RADIATION
2F1A2B MOBILE SOURCE PROGRAMS
99XF2B Radiation Criteria, Standards fi Guidelines
HUXA2B Testing, Technical fi Administrative Support
TLXF2R .Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
FV 1996
OPLAN ,
10, 878. S
11,066.0
9,493.7
S,384.T
98,102.5
20,500,0
6,440.7
4,253.1
257,587.7
454,708.2
0.0
2,514.7
11,725.1
11,338.1
4,915.5
30,493.1
0.0
6,435.8
0.0
6,435.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14,627.5
14,627.5
0.0
1,520.5
0,0
1,520.5
487.4
477.1
1,057.1
2,426.3
4,,449.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
0.0
445.3
253.3
156.1
47,947.7
0.0
8,184.7
0.0
147,036.8
493,389.8
0.0
2,082.9
10,561.9
19,553.2
5,497.0
37,695.0
0.0
5,224.3
1,223.7
6,448.0
0.0
1,064.3
1,064.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
20,404.6
20,404.6
0.0
1,722.1
707.9
2,430.0
500.0
453.3
0.0
2,117.1
3,100.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FT 1997
ENACTED
414.6
5,391.7
330.4
292.0
46,592.9
0.0
7,224.1
267.9
145,054.5
473,482.0
0.0
2,082.9
10,428.9
18,332.4
5,091,1
35,935.6
0.0
3,897.3
1,226.1
5,123.4
0.0
1,014.1
1,014.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
16,408.2
16,408.2
714.0
676.6
0.0
1,390.6
499.9
418.2
0.0
3,008.8
3,956.9
0.0
203.4
S26.6
50.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
445.3
253.3
216.9
51,558.5
0.0
7,442.8
0.0
144,661.8
512,505.3
41,100.4
2,082.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
43,183.3
6,741.2
0.0
0.0
6,741.2
4,249.2
0.0
4,249.2
4,000.0
4,000.0
21,977.8
0.0
21,977.8
714.0
1,675.9
0.0
2,389.9
499.9
463.2
0.0
3,184.0
4,147.1
526.6
203.4
0.0
50.0
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL' PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
HOLLARS BY APPRQP, NPK, PROGRAM COMPONENT, EB
APPJtQP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
013 WORKING CAPITAL FUND
30 AA AIR i RADIATION
UHXC2B Drinking Water Implementation
021 DRINKING WA.TER
40 AA WATER
4DXX5A Headquarters Support Services
121 Management Services and Stewardship
1E1X5J. Essential Infrastructure - EPM
4CXXSA Nationwide Support .Services
4DXX5A Headquarters Support Services
M1XSSA
122 Essential Infrastructure
50 AA ADMIN S. RESOURCES MGT
93XE2K Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
HAXX5A Lab Support - Pesticides 6 Toxic Substances
042 Registration
HAXXSA Lab Support - Pesticides 6 Toxic Substances
JRXE2M Generic Chemical Review
043 Reregistration and Special Review
70 AA PESTICIDES f. TOXIC SUBST
FNXH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
081 COMPLIANCE MONITORING
FNXH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
082 CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
FNJCH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
083 CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT
FNXH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
081 COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
FNXH3A Technical Support-Office of Enforcement
098 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
80 AA ENFORCEMENT
C SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •'.
FY 1996
OPLAN
0.0
57,527.1
1,506.7
1,506.7
1,506.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
183.5
72.0
421.9
677.4
677.4
838.9
238.0
1,076.9
270.4
1,324.0
1,594.4
2,671.3
1,989.1
1,989.1
2,125.1
2,125.1
2,702.5
2,702.9
568,3
568.3
0.0
0.0
7,385.4
524,176.1
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
0.0
71,142.3
1,707.6
1,707.6
1,707.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,004.5
333. S
1,318.0
333.6
1,309.9
1,611.5
2,981.5
2,578.3
2,578.3
2,716.1
2,716.1
3,194.5
3,494.5
737.8
737.8
0.0
0.0
9,526.7
578,747.9
FY 1997
ENACTED
780.0
64,608.8
1,673.6
1,673.6
1,673.6
227.7
227.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
227.7
1,190.7
391.0
1,581.7
391.1
1,268.2
1,659.3
3,241.0
2,350-B
2,350.,B
2,453.4
2,463.4
3,183.8
3,183.8
673.6
673.6
105.3
105.3
8,766.9
552,000.0
F,Y 1998
REQUEST
780.0
87,468.5
1,738.8
1,738.8
1,738.8
0.0
0.0
227.7
0.0
0,0
0.0
227.7
227.7
1,156.3
389.9
1,546.2
392.2
1,497.6
1,889.8
3,43,6.0
2,529.8
2,529,8
2,566.9
2,566.9
3,467.7
3,467.7
230.1
230.1
98.6
96.6
8,893.1
614,269.4
3-153
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPRO?, HPM, FROSRflM flOMKWfNT, PE
fiPPROP/KSM/PROGMM COKPOSENf/PE
K RSRCH 4 DEVE1OP-C/O
C3XBXS Water Quality Research
C9XHIA Multimedia Research
J.01 Ecosystems Protection tEcosys Prot)
NRJCME Global Change Rssaarch
102 Global Change
C1XA1E Air Quality Research
103 Mr Tonics
C1JCMS Ail Quality Research
104 Criteria Mr Pollutants
C4XC1A Drinking Water Research
106 Drinking Water
CSXD1A Hazardous Waste Research
108 Waste Management and Site Reiaediation
C6XL1A Toxic substance Research
C7XE1A Pesticides Research
109 Human Health Protection
C9XH1A Multimedia Research
111 New Technology and Pollution Prevention
A2XB1A Field Expanses
A3XH1A Headquarters Expenses
C9XH1A Multinedia Research
112 Scienc® Ouality and Infrastructure
10 JVA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
K RSSCH i DEVELOP-C/O
6R*KD TOTAL
FT 1996
OPIWJ
154. S
3,000.0
3,154.5
361.1
361.1
461.1
181. 1
314.3
374.3
126.9
126.9.
512. C
542.0
213.1
27.9
141.0
10,211.8
10,211.8
1,387.3
307.2
1,000.0
2,694.5
18,187.5
18,187.5
S42.663.S
FT ,1997
PRES. BUD.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
C-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
b.o
578,747.3
ft 1997
EKRCTED
0.0
O.p
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
fl.O
0.0
o.u
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Q.O
U-0
0.0
0.0
0.0
552,000.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.p
0.0
0.0
0.0
614,269.4
3-154
-------
Inspector General
SECTION TAB
-------
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGEHCT
IY98 ERESXDBHT'S BUD6HT
INSPECTOR GEHEBAL
HPM OFFICE
OFC OF INSPECTOR GENERM,
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
APPftOPRIATIOH ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NIK
(dollars in thousands)
FX 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997 FIT 1997 FT 1998
PHES. BDD. SaOiCTED BDD. BEQ.
28,500.0 30,743.7 28,500.0 28,500.0
286.0 296.6 296.6 293.8
DXFKB2HCE
98 - 97
0.0
-2.8
OI6 LUST
DOLLARS
FTES
500.0
5.8
577.1
S.8
577.0
S.8
0.0
0.0
-577.0
-s.a
DIG SUBERFDHD
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
11,000.0
104.3
11,450.5
106.0
11,000.0
106.0
11,641.3
102.8
641.3
-3.Z
GXUU3D TOTAL
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
40,000.0
396.1
42,771.3
408.4
40,077.0
408.4
40,141.3
396.6
-64.3
-11.8
4-1
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INSPECTOR GENERAL OVERVIEW
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
The Agency requests a total of $40,141,300 (including Agency support
services) and 396,6 total workyears in 1998 for the Inspector General Account.
The cost of the Budget's proposed additional 1.51 percentage point agency payment
to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for Civil Service Retirement
System Employees will be absorbed within this request, once the proposal is
enacted. The request includes $11,641,300 to be transferred from the Superfund
appropriation, leaving a direct appropriation of $28,500,000 from the Inspector
General appropriation account. The Agency is not requesting that any dollars or
total workyears be transferred from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank {LUST)
trust fund appropriation. The Agency is also .seeking a two-year appropriation
for the Office of the Inspector General (OIG).
The OIG's goal is to ensure that the Agency's environmental programs are
delivered as economically, efficiently, and effectively as possible, and that the
ris'k of financial loss in Agency operations is minimized. The DIG will
accomplish this through audits, investigations, and management activities that
provide objective evaluations, constructive advice and recommendations, and a
strong law enforcement presence. The work of the OIG influences and promotes
attainment of all of the Agency's Environmental Goals, while specifically
supporting the Agency's Management Goal, and all OIG activities reflect the
Agency's Common Sense Initiative for finding cleaner, cheaper, and smarter
strategies for solving environmental problems. The OIG will continue to develop
strong partnerships with Agency managers, work closely with the Agency's
partners, and focus on areas that identify and reduce the risk of loss and
provide the greatest benefits. The Agency's implementation of OIG audits and
reviews will result in the more efficient operation and more effective delivery
of EPA environmental programs. The following describes the specific audit,
investigation, and management activities and priorities that the OIG will perform
to fulfill its mission.
AUDITS; Program Audits determine the extent to which the desired results
or benefits established by Congress are being achieved. These audits identify
systemic problems, determine their extent, recommend ways to minimize their
recurrence, and improve program performance. Financial and Internal Controls
activities include the review of the Agency's financial systems to assure that
the accounting and financial management information and reports are reliable and
useful to the Agency. Also included is the review of internal controls in
support of the Agency's Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)
requirements and audits of the Agency's financial statements in compliance with
the Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act. Assistance Agreement activities
primarily relate to audits of EPA's Construction Grant closeout program. State
Revolving Fund (SRF) program, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs), other grants
such as those to educational or research facilities, and cooperative and
interagency agreements. Contract activities include support of the Agency's
needs for indirect cost proposal, preaward, interim, and final audits of
contracts. Audits of assistance agreements and contracts determine the
eligibility, allocability, and • reasonableness of the costs claimed by
contractors, grantees, and others.
INyBSTIGATIQMS: Assistance Agreement activities relate to investigations
of assistance recipients participating in Agency funded projects to detect
various types of fraud. Procurement investigations, which involve acquisition
management and procurement and contract practices, detect fraudulent practices
such as false claims, false statements, conflicts of interest, and defective
pricing and products. Program Integrity activities relate to OIG investigations
of situations that could impact on the integrity of scientific and programmatic
data upon which the Agency relies in its decision making and deficiencies
4-2
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relating to the administration of Agency programs which impact public health and
safety. Employee Integrity activities involve investigations of allegations
against EPA employees where malfeasance or duty-related misconduct would bring
disrepute to the Agency or threaten the integrity of an EPA program or operation.
Background Investigations help ensure the integrity of the Agency workforce.
MANAGKMENT ACTIVITIES: Program Management activities include internal
evaluations of OIG operations, the review of proposed legislation and
regulations, coordination of the OIG's FMFIA activities, and operation of the OIG
Hotline and employee and public awareness program to deter fraud, waste, and
mismanagement. Personnel Security activities use background investigations and
National Agency Checks and Inquiries to ensure the integrity of EPA employees and
contractors. Information Resources Management (IEM) activities include planning
for IBM acquisitions and systems, and coordinating information system^
management, development, implementation, maintenance, and systems administration.
Mission and Policy activities include strategic planning, coordination of
government streamlining and performance measurement activities, budget
formulation and execution, financial control and preparation of the OIG's
semiannual reports to Congress, as well as policy issuance, personnel,
procurement, and property management. In addition, the Immediate Office of the
Inspector General provides overall management and direction of OIG operations.
1598 PRIORITIES.
Audit
OIG audit priorities for 1998 include: Agency contracts; assistance
agreements (including construction grants); financial statements; and Agency
programs. The OIG will continue funding Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA)
preaward, interim, and final audits of Agency contracts and expand audit coverage
of major assistance programs with particular emphasis on PPGs and SRFs. These
resource investments reflect the OIG's priority to perform audits of contracts
and assistance agreements based on risk assessments and Agency and Congressional
needs and requests. They also reflect the Agency Accountability priority since
it will allow the Agency to make better use of its resources by ensuring that it
pays only for what it receives. The OIG's audits of Agency financial statements
in compliance with the CFO Act will continue as the Agency prepares financial
statements covering all of its activities in compliance with the Government
Management Reform Act. The OIG will also conduct audits to ensure the integrity
of the Agency's information systems and .research data. The OIG will examine and
evaluate the integrity, management, planning, and acquisition of the Agency's
information systems. The OIG's performance audits of Agency programs will
determine whether they are achieving the benefits and results envisioned by
Congress, with emphasis on particular areas that have received little or no prior
audit attention, to provide more comprehensive audit coverage to significantly
improve the Agency's effectiveness. These audits should also assist the Agency
in developing performance measures necessary to comply with the Government
Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and verification of those results. Further,
the OIG will conduct audits of construction grants to assist in meeting the
Agency's goal of closing out the Construction Grant Program. OIG audit
activities demonstrate its commitment to the Agency's Prevention and Deterrence
criteria because the OIG will continue to meet its statutory obligation to target
and identify risks by preventing and detecting fraud, waste, and abuse.
investigations
The OIG will continue to direct its investigative resources in 1998 to
long-term, high-impact investigations. It will place particular priority on
procurement investigations involving the Agency's contract and procurement
practices, and acquisition management with emphasis on grants and cooperative
agreements. This initiative has yielded a significant number of indictments,
convictions, suspensions, and debarments, and generated millions of dollars in
4-3
-------
fines and civil recoveries as. well as deterring loss from improper activity.
Investigative efforts will also focus on assistance agreement fraud, program and
employee integrity matters, and background investigation issues. The OIG will
investigate allegations of illegal activities and initiate proactive
investigations where situations could create an opportunity for fraud or abuse
by EPA employees, grantees, and contractors. These activities reflect the
Agency's Compliance and Enforcement approach because the OIG will investigate and
seek to obtain indictments and convictions of contractors and grantees who
defraud the government. In addition, the OIG will continue to provide training
to Agency staff on the prevention and detection of fraud, waste, and
mismanagement.
Management
The highest priority for 1998 will be continuing to provide program
management, information management, personnel security activities, and mission.
and policy management, including the Working Capital Fund (WCF) , at a high level
of leadership and support which promotes the most economical, efficient, and
effective application and administration of OIG resources. The OIG will continue
to reduce central administrative support and oversight functions through its
streamlining efforts and use of innovative techniques and advanced technology.
These actions reflect the Agency's Reinvention priority and administrative reform
efforts to operate with a smaller and more efficient management core. Priorities
include strategic planning, budget formulation and execution, human resources
initiatives, coordination of government streamlining and performance measurement
activities, and preparation of the OIG's semiannual reports to Congress in
accordance with requirements of the Inspector General Act. The OIG will also
develop and implement a consolidated management information system in conjunction
with correcting the Year 2000 problem.
4-4
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1998
1997
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
DATA OUTPUT CHART
o Audits/Reviews Performed
-Program (Internal and Performance)
-Financial (Financial Statements and Internal Controls)
-Assistance Agreements (Construction Grant, SRF, PPG, SF Coop
Agreements)
-Contract (Procurement Management and Contractor Claims/Performance)
o Questioned Costs
o Recommended Efficiencies
o Costs Disallowed to be Recovered
o Costs Disallowed as Cost Efficiencies
o Recoveries from Audits of Current and Prior Periods
o Findings and Recommendations to Improve Agency Operations
o Corrective Actions Taken by EPA as a Result of OIG Audits
o Examples of Consultative/Assistance Services to Agency Management
o Investigations Opened/Closed
-Construction
-Procurement
-Program Integrity
-Employee Integrity
o Fines and Recoveries
o Investigations Opened/Closed
o Indictments of Persons or Firms
o Convictions of Persons or Firms
o Administrative Actions
o Civil Judgements
o Systemic Corrective Actions or Risks Reduced From Investigations
o Prevention and Management Improvement Activities
- Debarments and Suspensions
- Hotline Cases Opened/Closed
- Legislative and Regulatory Items Reviewed/Recommendations Made
- Personnel .Security Investigations Adjudicated
- Fraud Awareness Briefings, Publications, CIMI Projects, PCIE Projects
- Internal Quality Assessments/ FMFIA Reviews
- Personnel Actions/Streamlining Activities
- Training Actions/Courses
o Audits/Reviews Performed
-Program (Internal and Performance)
-Financial (Financial Statements and Internal Controls)
-Assistance Agreements (Construction Grant, SRF, PPG, SF Coop
Agreements)
-Contract (Procurement Management and Contractor Claims/Performance)
o Questioned Costs
o Recommended Efficiencies
o Costs Disallowed to be Recovered
o Costs Disallowed as Cost Efficiencies
o Recoveries from Audits of Current and Prior Periods
o Findings and Recommendations to Improve Agency Operations
o Corrective Actions Taken by EPA as a Result of OIG Audits
o Examples of Consultative/Assistance Services to Agency Management
4-5
-------
o Investigations Opened/Closed
-Construction
-Procurement
-Program Integrity
-Employee Integrity
o Fines and Recoveries
o Investigations Opened/Closed
o Indictments of Persons or Firms
o Convictions of Persons or Firms
o Administrative Actions
o Civil Judgements
" o Systemic Corrective Actions or Risks Reduced Prom Investigations
o Prevention and Management Improvement Activities
- Debarments and Suspensions
- Hotline Cases Opened/Closed
- Legislative and Regulatory Items Reviewed/Recommendations Made
- Personnel Security Investigations Adjudicated
- Fraud Awareness Briefings, Publications, CZMI Projects, PCIS
Projects
- Internal Quality Assessments/ FMFIA Reviews
- Personnel Actions/Streamlining Activities
- Training
4-6
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T7HTTED 5XAXES ENVXROHHENTAIi PROTECTION 2M3EBCX
R9B PRESIDENT'S BDDSET
INSPECTOR GEHERftl
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FV 1996
OP PLAN
IT 1997
PRES. BUD,
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
96 - 97
OFC OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
25,596.2 27,821.0 25,841.0 25,841.0
286.0 296.6 296.6 293.8
0.0
-2.8
OZG SUPEKFDND
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
9,515.8
104.3
9,966.3
106.0
9,522.0
106.0
10,157.1
102.6
635.1
-3.2
016 LUST
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
433.0
5.8
504.4
5.8
503.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
-503.0
-5.6
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
TOTAL DOLLARS;
FTE
35,545.0
396.1
36,291.7
408.4
35,866.0
408.4
5,998.1
396.6
+132.1
-11.8
4-7
-------
MANAGEMENT ACCOTOJT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $25,841,000 (exclusive of Agency support)
and 293.8 total workyears in 1998 for the Management Account program component.
ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Program Audits with a
request of $7,124,200 and 88.5 total workyears, Financial and Internal Control
Audits with a request of $2,962,400 and 36.8 total workyears, Assistance
Agreement audits with a request of $2,811,200 and 34.3 total workyears, Contract
Audits with a request of $3,481,000 and 42.0 total workyears, Procurement
Investigations with a request of $1,911,200 and 21.0 total workyears, and
Information Resource Management Activities with a request of $1,263,800 and 8.0
total workyears.
The OIG will focus audit efforts in 1998 on Agency contracts and
acquisition management, assistance agreements (including construction grants) ,
financial statements, and Agency programs. The OIG will continue funding DCAA
preaward, interim, and final audits of Agency contracts and continue to provide
audits of contract management to include subcontractors and some of the Agency ' s
small contractors where the Agency is highly vulnerable to fraud, waste, and
abuse. The OIG's audit work on grants, cooperative agreements, and interagency
agreements will continue with expanded audit coverage of major assistance
programs with particular emphasis on PPGs, SRFs, and closeout of the Construction
Grant program {$674 million will be available for 16 grant programs eligible to
be combined into PPGs in 1997; over $12.5 billion in capitalization grants to
fund SRFs have been awarded through 1995) . These resource investments reflect
the OIG priority to perform audits of contracts and assistance agreements based
on risk assessments and Agency and Congressional needs and requests. They also
reflect the Agency's Accountability priority since it will allow the Agency to
make better use of its resources by ensuring that it pays for only what it
receives. Audits of contracts and assistance agreements determine the
eligibility, allocability, and reasonableness of the costs claimed by
contractors, assistance recipients, and others, and will assist the Agency in
correcting systemic vulnerabilities in the management and use of its extramural
funds.
The OIG will continue to perform audits of Agency management and
environmental programs that are designed to determine the extent to which desired
results or benefits established by the Administration and Congress are being
achieved, identify systemic problems in program implementation, and recommend
actions to save resources and improve program and operational performance. For
example, a recent OIG audit found that EPA could save millions of dollars through
improved subcontractor competition and oversight. In addition, an audit 'found
that the Agency had not designated research and development facilities as a
separate category for regulation resulting in possible unrestricted toxic
emissions. OIG recommended efficiencies in 1996 totaled more than $62,000,000
and 498 reports were issued. These audits should also assist the Agency in
developing performance measures required by the Government Performance and
Results Act (GPRA) and verification of those results. The OIG's audit activities
demonstrate its commitment to the Agency's Prevention and Deterrence criteria
because the OIG will continue to meet its statutory obligation to target and
identify risks by detecting and preventing fraud, waste, and abuse.
The OIG's performance audits will focus on particular program areas that
have received little, if any, OIG attention to provide more comprehensive audit
coverage to significantly improve the Agency's effectiveness. The OIG will also
4-8
-------
provide more consultative services to the Agency. In addition, the OIG will
audit grants made for the construction of wastewater treatment plants under the
Construction Grant Program to assist the Agency in meeting its goal of
substantially closing out the program. Since 1968, EPA has awarded grants
totaling $55 billion. As of September 30, 1996, there were 239 grants valued at
$4.1 billion which are expected to receive OIG review during the next two and a
half years. For 1996, the OIG questioned $32 of costs as ineligible for each
dollar spent on external audits of grants and contracts. Total questioned costs
for 1996 were $291,400,000 and the Agency recovered nearly $50,000,000 from audit
resolutions.
Further, the OIG will review internal controls in the Agency's programs,
functions, operations, and activities and will continue to implement its
responsibilities under the CFO Act, including auditing the Agency's financial
statements and carrying out its responsibilities as prescribed in OMB Circular
A-128 for single audits. The OIG will monitor the performance of audits of
contracts by CPA contractors and other Federal agencies under contracts and
interagency agreements. IRM, engineering, and scientific support will be
provided to our auditors and investigators and reviews conducted of the Agency's
major computer systems that continue to grow in number and complexity. The OIG
will also continue to monitor the Agency's efforts to improve the effectiveness
of its audit follow up responsibilities.
OIG investigative resources in 1998 will be directed to procurement
investigations involving the Agency's contract and procurement practices and
acquisition management, with particular emphasis on assistance agreements and
cooperative agreements. The OIG will conduct investigations of contract
resources to identify and seek prosecution of contractors who engage in
fraudulent practices. Investigations of procurement and acquisition activities
have resulted in a significant number of indictments, convictions, suspensions,
and debarments, and have generated millions of dollars in fines and civil
recoveries. Specifically, the OIG closed 142 investigative cases in 1996
resulting in 11 indictments, 11 convictions, 23 administrative actions, and 17
suspensions and debarments. Fines and recoveries totaled $5,600,000. These
activities reflect the Agency's Compliance and Enforcement approach because the
OIG will investigate and seek to obtain indictments and convictions of
contractors and grantees who defraud the government. At the end of 1996, the OIG
had 155 open investigations. Further, the OIG will continue to provide training
to Agency staff on the prevention and detection of fraud, waste and
mismanagement.
During 1998, OIG information resources management activities will continue
to emphasize planning for IRM acquisitions and systems and coordination of
information systems management, development, implementation, maintenance, and
systems administration. Specifically, the OIG is currently developing an
integrated management information system as part of our reinvention efforts in
conjunction with correcting the Year 2000 problem to recognize four-digit dates.
This system will consolidate and upgrade the functions of several existing
inadequate and outdated systems that are subject to significant computational
errors associated with the Year 2000 problem, and must be modified until the new
system is operable, In addition, operating systems and other applications
software will be replaced on all" personal and lap-top computers.
EXPLANATIONOF CHANGE: - 2.8 FTE 50.OK
For 1998, the Office of Inspector General's request includes no increase
for full funding of the entire workforce and a decrease of 2.8 total workyears
to meet an Agency-wide initiative to reduce the size of the Federal workforce.
The OIG will disinvest $1,078,000 in audits of Agency contracts performed
4-9
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by DCAA. and construction grant audits performed by CPA firms. The OIG will also
disinvest $806,200 and 10 total workyears as a result of reduced engineering
technical assistance and oversight of construction grants, and reduced central
administrative support and oversight functions. This decision reflects the
Agency Reinvention priority because streamlining and administrative reform
efforts will allow the DIG to operate with a smaller and more efficient central
management core. In addition, the DIG is in the process of increasing
delegation and decentralizing authority to the lowest practical level to make
managerial decisions and increasing the empowerment and accountability of
employees. The OIG is also implementing the use of electronic data exchange to
facilitate reporting between field offices and Headquarters. Further, the OIG
is developing a consolidated management information system to become even more
efficient through the use of advanced technology.
The OIG will invest $1,884,200 to fully fund the workforce and redirect
funds to areas of the highest priority. Specifically, the OIG will invest
$325,000 and 4 total workyears to expand audits of major assistance programs and
agreements such as PPGs and SRFs. For 1997, $674 million will be available for
16 grant programs eligible to be combined into PPGs. Recent reviews of the SRF
program showed that some states did not comply with the requirements of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Over $12.5. billion in capitalization grants
to fund SRFs have been awarded through 1995.
The OIG will invest $285,000 of the total investment amount and 3.2 total
workyears in procurement and program integrity investigations. The majority of
this investment will be directed to investigations of procurement, acquisition,
and construction activities which have historically represented risk areas to the
Agency and have resulted in a significant number of indictments, convictions,
suspensions and debarments, fines, and civil recoveries.
In addition, the OIG will invest $200,000 of the total investment amount
to develop and implement the OIG consolidated information system in conjunction
with correcting the year 2000 problem. The new consolidated management
information system will replace multiple outdated systems currently in use that
are subject to significant computational errors associated with the Year 2000.
The OIG will also invest $74,000 in support of the OIG portion of the WCF.
This investment reflects the Agency priority of Reinvention and will be used to
fund the OIG's portion of Agency managed data processing and telecommunications
costs as well as postage and mail management activities. The WCF will enable
resources to be used more efficiently by providing administrative services in a
business-like manner, based on 'fee-for-service and increased customer
involvement.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $25,841,000 (exclusive of Agency support)
and 296.6 total workyears for the Management Account program component. Major
activities within this program component are Program Audits with an allocation
of $6,936,200 and 89.5 total workyears, Financial and Internal Control Audits
with an allocation of $2,929,500 arid 37..8 total workyears, Assistance Agreement
Audits with an allocation of $2,548,200 and 30.3 total workyears. Contract Audits
with an allocation of $4,438,000 and 44 total workyears, Procurement
Investigations with an allocation of $1,556.100 and 19 total workyears, and IRM
Activities with an allocation of $1,163,800 and 8.0 total workyears.
In 1997, the OIG will continue to provide wide-ranging audit and
investigative coverage to ensure that the Agency's programs are delivered in an
effective, efficient, and economical manner and in compliance with applicable
laws and regulations. OIG audits and investigations will assist the Agency in
4-10
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identifying areas where improvements can significantly contribute to the Agency
achieving its environmental mission and ensuring a strong enforcement presence.
The DIG will continue to provide audits and investigations of contract
management to include subcontractors and some of the Agency's small contractors
where the Agency is highly vulnerable to fraud, waste and abuse. Also, OIG will
continue to provide audit and investigative work on assistance agreements,
cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements and assist the Agency in
correcting systemic vulnerabilities in its extramural funds and in identifying
and seeking prosecution of contractors for their fraudulent practices.
The OIG will continue to perform audits of Agency management and
environmental programs that are designed to determine the extent to which desired
results or benefits established by the Administration and Congress are being
achieved, identify systemic problems in program implementation, and recommend
ways to assist Agency managers to .make improvements. Also, the OIG will provide
more consultative services to the Agency. The OIG will continue to audit grants
made for the construction of wastewater treatment plants under the Construction
Grant Program to assist the Agency in meeting its goal of substantially closing
out the program.
The OIG will also continue to support the Agency's needs for pre-award,
interim, and final audits of contracts to determine the eligibility,
allocability, and reasonableness of costs claimed by contractors. Additionally,
the OIG will conduct audits of SRFs, PPGs, and other assistance agreements
awarded by the Agency. The OIG will continue to perform financial audits which
produce high payoffs for each dollar invested. For 1996, the OIG questioned $32
of costs as ineligible for each dollar spent on external audits of grants and
contracts. Total questioned costs for 1996 were $291,400,000 and the Agency
recovered $48,900,000 from audit resolutions.
The OIG will also continue reviewing the internal controls in the Agency's
programs, functions, operations, and activities and will continue to implement
its responsibilities under the CFO Act, including auditing the Agency's financial
statements and carrying out its responsibilities as prescribed in OMB Circular
A-128 for single audits. The OIG will monitor the performance of audits of
contracts by CPA contractors, states, and other Federal agencies under contracts
and interagency agreements.
OIG audits and investigations will prevent the loss of millions of Agency
dollars, identify ways of correcting operational weaknesses, assist the Agency
in determining the extent that desired results or benefits of environmental
programs are being achieved, identify basic causes of many problems, and make
recommendations for significantly improving program and operational
effectiveness* These audits and investigations will also improve the Agency's
procurement process and provide financial advisory and assistance services to
contracting officers and other customers. Investigations of procurement and
acquisition activities should also continue to result in a significant number of
indictments, convictions, suspensions and debarments, fines, and civil
recoveries.
During 1997, the OIG will continue to plan for IEM acquisitions and systems
and coordinate information systems management, development, implementation,
maintenance, and systems administration.
4-11
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PIS - StnPgRFTOD
1998 gROGRAjil REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $10,157,100 and. 102.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Inspector General to be transferred from Hazardous Substance Trust
Fund program component,
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Program Audits with a
request of $3,397,900 and 41.7 total workyears, Financial and Internal Control
Audits with a request of $920,300 and 11.3 total workyears, Superfund Cooperative
Agreements audits with a request of $1,108,700 and 13,4 total workyears. Contract
Audits with a request of $3,627,400 and 19.4 total workyears, Procurement
Investigations with a request of $808,200 and 10.0 total workyears, and IRM
Activities with a request of $620,300 and 2.0 total workyears.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) increased audit.
requirements for the OIG, SARA requires that the OIG audit uses of the Trust
Fund, audit claims, examine a sample of cooperative agreements with states
implementing response cleanup actions, examine remedial investigations and
feasibility studies, submit to Congress an annual report on the above activities,
and review the Agency's annual progress report to Congress on its progress in
implementing the program. In 1998, the OIG will conduct audits and reviews
required by SARA in five major areas: policy and program management; remedial
cleanup activities; removal responses; enforcement; and program support
initiatives. To help the Agency revitalize the Superfund program, the OIG will
continue its implementation of an audit strategy to review various stages of the
Superfund cleanup process from site listing, through the remedial
investigation/feasibility study phase, to construction of the remedy.
The OIG will continue to conduct a wide range of Superfund work including
performance audits, contract and assistance agreement audits {covering financial
and performance aspects), and financial audits. Performance audits identify and
recommend actions to save resources and improve program and operational
performance. For example a recent OIG audit found that the prolonged time spent
studying Superfund sites and designing remedies resulted in higher cleanup costs
and continued risks to public health and the environment. An audit also found
that the Agency did not adequately oversee interagency agreements to clean up a
Superfund site resulting in seven cost overruns totaling $7.3 million and
inefficient cleanup implementation. In addition, an audit found that despite
spending $2.0 million overseeing a Superfund site, the Agency had not evaluated
the quality of laboratory data used for making public health risk assessments,
developing cleanup alternatives, and designing the remedy. OIG Superfund audit
activities demonstrate the OXG's commitment to the Agency's Prevention and
Deterrence criteria because the OIG will continue to meet its statutory
obligation to target and identify risks by detecting and preventing fraud, waste,
and abuse.
The OIG will increase its audit coverage of Superfund assistance
agreements and increase funding of preaward, interim, and final audits of
Superfund contracts by the DCAA. This decision reflects the Agency's
Accountability priority because it will allow the Agency to make better use of
its resources by ensuring that it only pays-, for what it receives. Audits of
contracts and assistance agreements determine the eligibility, allocability, and
reasonableness of costs claimed by contractors, assistance recipients, and
others. In addition, the OIG will perform financial audits which produce high
payoffs for each dollar invested.
4-12
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The DIG will use scientific and engineering specialists in hazardous waste
remediation to assist in independently -reviewing technical aspects of the
program, including remedial investigation and feasibility studies, as well as key
technical decisions in the remedial, removal, and enforcement programs, The OIG
will review the Agency's accounting systems to assure that the accounting and
financial management information and reports are reliable and useful to the
Agency- The OIG will also review the Agency's major computer systems to assist
the Agency in improving the consistency and reliability of Superfund data. As
required by the CFO Act, the OIG will conduct audits of the Agency's 1996 and
1997 financial statements for the Superfund.
OIG investigative resources will be directed to Superfund procurement
investigations involving the Agency's contract and procurement practices, and
acquisition management with particular emphasis on grants and cooperative
agreements. The OIG will conduct investigations of contract resources to
identify and seek prosecution of contractors who engage in fraudulent practices.
Investigations of procurement and acquisition activities have resulted in a
significant number of indictments, convictions, suspensions and debarments, and
have generated millions of dollars in fines and civil recoveries. Superfund
investigative efforts during 1996 resulted in approximately $2,500,000 in fines
and recoveries. The OIG will continue a major proactive investigative effort
involving all stages of the Superfund program with special emphasis on
contracting activities as they relate to :removals and remediation.
OIG investigations will also be focused on potentially responsible parties,
program and employee integrity matters, and background investigation issues. In
addition, the OIG will investigate allegations of illegal activities and initiate
proactive investigations where situations could create an opportunity for fraud
or abuse by EPA employees, grantees, and contractors. These activities reflect
the Agency's Compliance and Enforcement approach because the OIG will investigate
and seek to obtain indictments and convictions of contractors and grantees who
defraud the government. At the end of 1996, the OIG had 49 active Superfund
investigations which represented 31 percent of all active OIG investigations.
Further, the OIG will continue to provide training to Agency staff on the
prevention and detection of fraud, waste, and mismanagement.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -3.2 FTE +$635.10OK
For 1998, the Office of Inspector General is requesting an increase of
$635,100 for full funding of the entire workforce and a decrease of 3.2 total
workyears to meet an Agency-wide initiative to reduce the size of the Federal
workforce.
The OIG will disinvest $604,000 and 7.5 total workyears from the Hazardous
Substance Trust Fund program component. The disinvestment will come from
employee integrity/non-procurement investigations and administrative audit
support/technical audit and oversight activities. This decision reflects the
Agency's Reinvention priority because it allows resources to be allocated from
non-procurement investigations to procurement investigations which have generally
provided more monetary benefit while reducing the risk of loss to the Agency.
In 1996, investigative efforts resulted in $5.6 million of fines and recoveries
from persons or firms who defrauded the government. Superfund employee integrity
investigations represented only two of 155 total pending investigations as of
September 30, 1996.
In addition, the Agency's Reinvention• priority is also demonstrated by
further reducing administrative audit support and technical audit assistance and
oversight. The OIG's management and administrative -support of various Superfund
activities, specifically IRM activities, have been consolidated to permit a more
cohesive, cost effective approach to systems acquisition, planning, development,
and maintenance which will substantially improve OIG operating efficiency by
4-13
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reengineering the organization through streamlining administration and oversight.
As a result of improved efficiency, the OIG "will be better able to plan, acquire,
and consistently apply available technology in support of our audit and
investigative initiatives and reduce its investment in administrative and
oversight activities.
The OIG will invest $1,239,100 to fully fund the workforce and other
program priorities in the Hazardous Substance Trust Fund program component. Of
this amount, $770,700 and 4.3 total workyears will be used to increase audit
coverage of Superfund assistance agreements and fund preaward, interim, and final
audits of Superfund contracts by the DC&A. In addition to providing a much
larger and more complex program for which the OIG needs to provide audit
coverage, SARA requires annual audits of a sample of cooperative agreements with
states implementing response cleanup actions. In 1995, EPA entered into $70.0
million in Superfund cooperative agreements and the OIG will provide audit
coverage of selected cooperative agreements as the current and future Superfund
reauthorizations mandate. Additionally, if states increase their lead cleanup
activities, the OIG will conduct additional performance audits of their
cooperative agreements. Audits of Superfund contracts by DCAA have identified
millions of dollars in questionable contractor costs, and provided the basis for
EPA to debar contractors who fraudulently billed the government.
The OIG will invest $100,000 in the Hazardous Substance Trust Fund program
component to correct the Year 2000 problem in our data systems. The OIG is
presently developing a consolidated management information system which will
replace multiple outdated systems currently in use.
The OIG will also invest $59,000 in support of the OIG portion of the WCF.
This investment will be used to fund the OIG portion of Agency managed data
processing and telecommunications costs as well as postage and mail management
activities.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $9,522,000 and 106.0 total workyears for
the Hazardous Substance Trust Fund program component. Major activities within
this program component are Program Audits with an allocation of $3,386,800 and
43.7 total workyears. Financial and Internal Control Audits with an allocation
of $920,300 and 11.3 total workyears, Assistance Agreement Audits with an
allocation of $996,500 and 12.6 total workyears, Contract Audits with an
allocation of $1,944,000 and 18.2 total workyears. Procurement Investigations
with an allocation of $823,600 and 10.0 total workyears, and IRM Activities with
an allocation of $505,300 and 2.0 total workyears.
The OIG will continue its wide-ranging audit and investigative coverage to
ensure that the Agency's risk of financial loss is minimized and that Agency
Superfund programs are operated as efficiently as possible. The OIG's basic work
will include performance audits, contract and assistance agreement audits
(covering financial and performance aspects), and financial audits.
The OIG will direct its investigative resources to procurement and
acquisition management investigations, including grants and cooperative
agreements. There will be a reduced level of investigation resources used to
conduct investigations of program and employee integrity issues, including
personnel security matters.
OIG audits and investigations will prevent the loss of millions of Agency
dollars, identify ways of correcting operational weaknesses, assist the Agency
in determining the extent that desired results or benefits of environmental
programs are being achieved, identify basic causes of many problems, and make
recommendations for significantly improving program and operational
4-14
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effectiveness. These audits and investigations will also improve the Agency's
procurement process and provide financial advisory and assistance services to
contracting officers and other customers. Investigations of procurement and
acquisition activities should also continue to result in a significant number of
indictments, convictions, suspensions and debarments, fines, and civil
recoveries .
QIC - LUST
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency is not requesting any funds or total wo.rkyears in 1998 for the
LUST Trust Fund program component due to a decreased LUST workload.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
None.
EXPLANATION, OF1 CHftN6E; - ,5. ,8 FTB
For 1998, the OIG is requesting a decrease of $503,000 and 5.8 total
workyears .
The OIG will disinvest $503,000 and 5,8 total workyears frotn the LUST
account . The OIG LUST account represents only 1 . 3 percent of the total OIG
budget and it will be eliminated entirely in 1998. The OIG's only involvement
in the LUST program will be limited primarily to conducting audits of the LUST
Trust Fund financial statements as required by the CFO Act. These audits will
be funded under the OIG Management Program Component. This decision reflects the
Agency's Accountability priority since it will provide more OIG resources to
areas which have traditionally yielded higher payoffs to the Agency. The
decision to eliminate the OIG LUST program also reflects the Agency's Reinvention
priority because it is primarily intended to improve efforts to help the Agency
better manage itself and to reduce the Agency's costs in carrying out its mission
by focusing audit and investigative efforts on major assistance programs and
Agency contracts established as OIG priorities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $503,000 and 5.8 total workyears for the
Inspector General LUST Trust Fund program component. Major activities within
this program component are Program Audits with an allocation of $166,000 and 2
total workyears, Financial and Internal Control Audits with an allocation of
$256,500 and 3.0 total workyears, and Procurement Investigations with an
allocation of $63,800 and 0.8 total workyears.
In 1997 , the OIG will continue to include performance audits , contract and
assistance agreement audits (covering financial and performance aspects) , and
financial audits, but at a reduced level from 1996. More specifically, the OIG
will conduct performance audits of the Agency's process for awarding LUST
cooperative agreements and grants to identify systemic problems with the Agency's
management of the LUST program, develop the causes of those problems, and
recommend ways to minimize their recurrence. Financial audits will be conducted
to determine the eligibility, allocability, and reasonableness of the costs
claimed by recipients . Funds will also be used to provide assistance to OIG
auditors in conducting audits and to the Agency and others as necessary to track
implementation of audit findings . Pursuant to its responsibilities under the CFO
4-15
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Act, the DIG will also focus its resources on financial and internal control
areas and audit the Agency's LOST Trust Fund financial statements. The DIG
investigative efforts will parallel those of 1996, but at a reduced level of
activity.
OIG audits and investigations will prevent the loss of millions of Agency
dollars, identify ways of correcting operational weaknesses, assist the Agency
in determining the extent that desired results or benefits of environmental
programs are being achieved, identify basic causes of many problems, and make
recommendations for significantly improving program and operational
effectiveness. These audits and investigations will also improve the Agency's
procurement process and provide financial advisory and assistance services to
contracting officers and other customers. Investigations of procurement and
acquisition activities should also continue to result in a significant number of
indictments, convictions, suspensions and debarments, fines, and civil
recoveries,
The OIG will also fund its share of the WCF to support postage and program
costs for on-going data processing and telecommunications services including
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services and Scientific' Computing Services, and depreciation of
capital assets.
4-16
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UNITED STATES EHV1RONMENTW. PROTECTION ASBHCY
IT98 PIESJEBNT'S BUDGET
INSPECTOR GENERAL
'PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1997
PRES, BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA ADMIN S RESOURCES MET
Essential Infrastructure ~HQ
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Working Capital Fund
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Essential Infrastructure - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
2,
261
0
0
0
622
0
.6
.0
.0
.0
.2
.0
2,170
0
130
0
622
0
.5
.0
.0
.0
.2
.0
2,039.
0.
0.
0.
619.
0.
8
0
0
0
2
0
2,039
0
0
0
619
0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.2
.0
0.
0.
0,
0.
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Essential Infrastructure - SF
TOTAL DOLLARS 1,484.2 1,484.2 1,478.0 1,484.2
FTES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Essential Infrastructure - LUST
TOTAL DOLLARS 67.0 . 72.7 74.0 0.0
FTES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.2
0.0
-74.0
0.0
OFC OF ADMINISTRATION « RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS: 4,455.0 4,419.6 4,211-0 4,143.2
FTE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-.67.8
0.0
4-17
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INSPECTOR GENERAL APPROPRIATION
ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency, requests a total of $4,143,200 in FY 19.98 for the Inspector
General Account for the office of Administration and Resources Management. The
major component of this program is Essential,Infrastruettire. which includes
nationwide services to maintain and enhance agency .facilities. These essential
infrastructure services are provided in EPA's Headquarters and regional
locations.
4-18
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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
FACILITIES AMP HEALTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
1997
FACIItlllES AND HEALTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
•standards.
4-19
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ESSENTIAL INFRASTRPCTnSE - HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $2,039,800 in 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activity in this program component include:
Facilities and Health Services ($2,039,800) - These resources provide the
Agency's Inspector General (IG) portion of the national support costs such as
rent; direct leases; move and related costs associated with space consolidation;
property management; space planning services; printing costs (e.g., time sheets,
statement of earnings and leave); national health and safety support; and
national security support. Additionally, at the headquarters locations, costs
include, facility operations services (i.e., housekeeping, elevator maintenance,
recycle contract. Building services Desk, etc.), health units and stress lab.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE : No Change
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $2 ,.039, 800 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component. Resources fund Ageiicywide support costs
including space rental, national security, Agency-wide safety, health, and
environmental management programs, security and guard services, facilities
operations and maintenance, and health units.
, ~ REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $619,200 in 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure-Regions program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activity in this program include:
Regional Support Services ($619,200) - These funds will provide resources
to the ten Regional Offices for basic support services as detailed in an
Memorandum of Understanding with the Office of Inspector General . These basic
support services include printing and copying, telecommunications, local area
network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail distribution, library operations,
general training, office supplies and maintenance , and technical support.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; No Change
1997 EROSRAM
4-20
-------
The Agency's budget is a total of $619,200 for the Essential
Infrastructure-Regions program component. These funds provide support to the ten
Regional Offices for basic support services including printing and copying,
telecommunications, local area network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail
distribution, library operations, general training, office supplies and
maintenance, and technical support.
ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE - IG/SUPERFUMD
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,484,200 in 1998 Essential Infrastructure
- IG/Superfund program component.
MAJORACTIVITIES
Support Costs ($1,484,200) - These resources provide the Superfund costs
associated with the Agency's Inspector General (IG) portion of the national
support costs such as rent; direct leases; move and related costs associated with
space consolidation; property management; space planning services; printing
costs; national health and safety support; and national security support.
Additionally, at the headquarters locations, costs include, facility operations
services, health units and stress lab.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE + $6.2K
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,478,000 the Essential Infrastructure
- IG/Superfund program component.
These resources provide the Superfund costs associated with the Agency's
Inspector General (IG) portion of the national support costs such as rent; direct
leases; move and related costs associated with space consolidation; property
management; space planning services; printing costs; national health and safety
support; and national security support. Additionally, at the headquarters
locations, costs include, facility operations services, health units and stress
lab.
ESSENTIAL INimSTRPCTURE - IS/LUST
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
No funds are requested in FY 1998 due to a decrease LUST workload.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGS: - $74.OK
No funds are requested in FY 1998 due to a decrease LUST workload.
1997 PROGRAM
4-21
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The Agency's budget is a total of $74,000 In 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure - IG/LUST program component.' These resources provide Agency's
Inspector General (IG) portion of the LUST national support costs such, as rent,
security, and other supports,
4-22
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UNITED STATES ENVTBONMESTAL SROTECTIOH AGENCY
FY98 FHESXDEHT'S BEQUEST
DOIiARS BY APPROP, HEM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, BE
APPR0E/HEM/ERQGRAM COMPOHEHT/'PE
N OFC OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
4CXX5A. Nationwide support Services
4DXX5A, Headquarters Support Service?
4E1X5A Essential Infrastructure - OIG
122 Essential Infrastructure
Y6XXSA WCF - PAM / ERAC 4
123 forking Capital Rind
4E3QC)A. Regional Support Services
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
50 AA AOMIN t RESOURCES MSI
3AXS5A Office of Inspector General
SLXR5A Mission £ Pol MM
261 INSPECTOR GENERAL
SS INSPECTOR GENERAL
H OFC OF XHSPECIOR GENERAL
5 OIG LUST
L6XVSA, LUST - Support Services - Hq
122 Essential Infrastructure
50 AA ADMIN t RESOURCES MSI
WXVSA Office Of Inspector General - LUS1
263 OIG LUST
$5 INSPECTOR GENERAL
S OIG LUST
4 OIG SUPEBFUND
EKXX5A. Hazardous Substance ~ HeadquartersVNaticmwide Sv^rport
533QfSA, Hazardous Substaaee •> Support Sexrvlcea - 016
122 Essential Infrastructure
50 AA ADMIN 6 RESOURCES MCT
S2XX5A. Mission & Policy - SF
WUCX5A, Hazardous SvdKitancc- Office of the Inspector General
262 OIG SUPERFUND
65 MSPECTOR GENERAL
a OIG SUPERFUND
FY 1996
OPLAS
1,550.1
731.5
0.0
2,281.6
0.0
D.O
622.2
622.2
2,903.8
25,596.2
0.0
25,596.2
25,596.2
28,500.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
433.0
433.0
433.0
500.0
0.0
1,484.2
1,484.2
1,484.2
0.0
9,515.8
9,515.8
9,515.8
11,000.0
FT 1997
PRES. BUD.
1,680.1
490.4
0.0
2,170.5
130.0
130.0
622.2
622.2
2,922.7
26,315.0
1,506.0
27,821.0
27,821.0
30,743.7
72.7
72.7
72.7
504.4
504.4
504.4
577.1
0.0
1,484.2
1,484.2
1,484.2
87.0
9,879.3
9,966.3
9,966.3
11,450.5
FI 1997
ENACTED
1,341.1
698.7
0.0
2,039.8
0.0
0.0
619.2
619.2
2,659.0
25,841.0
0.0
25,841.0
25,841.0
28,500.0
74.0
74.0
74.0
503.0
503.0
503. '0
577.0
0.0
1,478.0
1,478.0
1,478.0
0.0
9,522.0
9,522.0
9,522.0
11,000.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
0.0
0.0
2,039.8
2,039.8
0.0
o.o
£19.2
619.2
2,659.0
25,841.0
0.0
25,841.0
25,841.0
20,500.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,484.2
0.0
1,484.2
1,484.2
0.0
10,157.1
10., 157.1
,10,157.1
11,641.3
4-23
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Buildings and
Facilities
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
UNITED STATES EHVIRQKMEHTM. PROTBC'i'IOH AGENCY
BT9B PHESHSKBT'S BDDGBT
BUILDING AM) ERCILXTXES
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SOMMAICf : by HEM
(dollars in
NEK OFFICE
FT 1996
OP ELAN
W 1997
'FRES. BUD.
IT 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BOD. BEQ,
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA flDMIH & RESOORCES USX
TOTAL DOLLARS
RES
31,423.6
0.0
209,220.0
0.0
87,220.0
0.0
141,420.0
0.0
54,200.0
0.0
BUILDING AND FACILITIES
TOXKL DOLLARS
RES
31,423.6
0.0
209,220.0
0.0
87,220.0
0.0
141,420.0
0.0
54,200.0
0.0
5-1
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
The Agency requests a total .of $141,420,000 for 1998 in the Buildings and
Facilities Account.
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair, and improvement of buildings occupied by SPA. The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories, two large research
and development laboratory complexes, a number of field stations with laboratory
facilities and a .large Headquarters operation in nine different .locations in the
Washington, D.C. area.
This program provides a safe and healthy work environment for EPA employees
by providing for renovation upgrades and repair or replacement of our facilities.
We are implementing intermediate and long-range plans which assess alternative
housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a repair program that
protects the Agency's investment in EPA real property holdings. The Agency is
also upgrading and modifying current facilities to more adequately and
efficiently address the Agency's changing programs. EPA will continue to
emphasize environmental compliance and health and safety efforts in Agency
facilities by removing asbestos and PCBs, upgrading fire and life safety systems,
and upgrading heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems to meet the most
current ventilation and CFC removal standards.
The 1998 Buildings and Facilities program continues major initiatives to
correct deficiencies in the Agency's facilities' infrastructure. Ongoing and
proposed new construction will be managed through design and construction phases.
Included in these plans are the buildout of a new government-owned Headquarters
facility in the newly constructed Ronald Reagan Building and the renovated Ariel
Rios Building, continued construction of the Consolidated Laboratory at Research
Triangle Park. Additionally, EPA will continue the repair and improvement
programs at our existing laboratories and the "green lights" program.
Technical assistance will be provided to the Headquarters and Regional
offices for planning layouts and to more efficiently use space. Agency-wide
facilities standards and master planning will be used in implementing the
replacement of our laboratory infrastructure. Critical fire safety abatement
activities will continue and all of EPA-owned facilities with CFC chillers will
be converted to high efficiency, non-CFC systems. The Agency will continue to
do energy audits and take corrective action to achieve compliance with the
President's Executive Order.
S-2
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UNITED STATES EHVJBQHHENTM, PROTECTION AGENCY
ET98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
BUILDIKG AND. EhCH,ITIES
HEX SUMMARY: by BROOTBM COMPOHENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
AA ADMIN S RESOURCES MGT
FZ 1996
Of
BY 1997
PRES. BUD-
Flf 1997
FX 1998
BDD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
Repairs and Zupxovcnents
TOTAL DOLLARS
1,700.0
0.0
14,420.0
0.0
14,424.0
0.0
16,400.0
0.0
1,976.0
0.0
Hew Facilities
TOTAL DOLLARS
29,723.fi
0.0
194,800.0
0.0
72,796.0
0.0
125,020.0
0.0
52,224.0
0.0
KID
TOTAL DOLLARS:
RE
31,423.6
0.0
209,220.0
0.0
87,220.0
0.0
141,420.0
0.0
54,200.0
0.0
5-3
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BPIIiDINGS AND FACILITIES
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AMD RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
The Agency requests a total of $141,420,000 for 1998 in the Buildings and
Facilities Account for the Office of Administration and Resources Management
(QARM) .
OARM will fund the design, construction, repair, and improvement of
buildings occupied by EPA, and provide for a safe and healthy work environment
for EPA employees by providing for renovation upgrades and repair or replacement
of our facilities.
The 1998 New Facilities program continues major initiatives to correct
deficiencies in the Agency's facilities' infrastructure. Included in these plans
are the buildout of a new government -owned Headquarters facility in the newly
constructed Ronald Reagan Building and the renovated Ariel Rios Building,
continued construction of the Consolidated Laboratory at Research Triangle Park,
Additionally, EPA will continue the repair and improvement programs at our
existing laboratories and the "green lights" program.
NEW FACILITIES - BtJIXJIKSS AMD FACIIJTIBS
1998 BROGJtAM
The Agency requests a total of $125,020,000 in 1998 for the New Facilities
program component .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component include the design and
construction of major construction projects, such as the New Headquarters
Consolidation Project; the Consolidated Laboratory Project at Research Triangle
Park. Specifically;
New Headquarters Project ($3,020,000) - These resources represent EPA's
share of the renovation costs needed to occupy the complex at Federal Triangle.
The project team works with GSA and the facility developers to ensure the
delivery of a facility which is responsive to the needs of SPA employees,
reflective of the Agency's environmental mission and of long-term value to the
public. EPA has been afforded a unique opportunity to consolidate headquarters
operations into newly constructed federally owned space. Through this
consolidation, EPA space will be developed based upon agency defined
requirements, allowing us to provide employees a healthful and productivity-
enhancing structure .
RTP Consolidated Laboratory ($122,000,000) - The request completes the full
funding of the new research/office facility in North Carolina, The total cost
of the facility is $232 million. The state-of-art facility will consolidate nine
leased spaces spread across three metropolitan areas. This project has been the
Agency's top laboratory construction project for many years and will prove
instrumental in achieving many of our national environmental goals.
EXPIANATION OF CTBiNSBi +M2.224.. OK
The change reflects the additional investment needed to complete the construction
phase of the RTP project. In 1997, the emphasis was on site development. The
5-4
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change also reflects a reduction associated with the completion of several phases
of the New Headquarters facility project.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total $72,796,000 for the New Facilities program
component. Major activities within this program component are:
New Headquarters Project {$12,796,000} - While GSA is providing the
majority of the costs, EPA must provide up- front funding for such requirements
as lighting efficiency and indoor air quality requirements, as well as other
items with proven life cycle cost advantages. This project is also part of the
Agency's strategic plan which identifies a new Headquarters facility as an
important step in providing employees with quality work space that is safe,
health and secure. We continue to work toward this goal.
Consolidated Laboratory at RTF ($60,000,000) - This project remains the
Agency's top laboratory construction project and work on construction continues
as funding is appropriated.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVBMjlirTg ........ - BglIlP ATO
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $16/400,000 for 1998 for the Repairs and
Improvement program component. Major activities within this program component
are engineering studies, design, and construction costs related to the repair and
improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, the funds address
critical repairs related to employee health and safety (e.g., fire protection
equipment installation) ; ensures EPA's facilities are in compliance with
environmental statutes (e.g., hazardous materials storage); invests in energy and
water conservation improvements; and supports alterations related to moves and
program required changes as well as emergency repairs and maintenance for
laboratory facilities .
BXPIAM&.TIOH ....... Qg_jCHMlSE; " + S1.976.QK
An increase of $1,976,000 will enable the modification of the Alternative
Fuels Dispensing System in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This modification will improve
the safety and fuel integrity of the current fuel handling system. Fuels are
stored, conditioned, and dispensed for periodic testing of fuel additives for
fuel properties and vehicle emissions. The Agency conducts alternative fuel
testing under the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $14,424,000 for the Repairs and
Improvement program component. This to conduct engineering studies, and incur
construction .and design costs related to the repair and improvement of buildings
occupied by EPA. The Agency continues to address critical repairs related to
employee health and safety (e.g., fire protection equipment installation); ensure
EPA's facilities are in compliance with envirdnmental statutes (e.g., hazardous
materials storage) ; and support alterations related to moves and program required
changes as well as emergency repairs and maintenance for laboratory facilities.
5-5
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5-6
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S BEQUEST
DOLLARS BY AEFROP, DEM, PROGHAM COMPONENT, EE
APPROP/HPM/PROGHAM COMPOHENT/PE
D BunDine AND FACILITIES
4JXP4A. Repairs Si IinprovGmiMitji
130 Repairs and laqaEOVeiaents
4KXM4A, Hew Facilities
FX 1995 FY 1997 FY 1997 EY 1998
OPLKET FBES. BOD. ENACTED EEQUEST
1,700.0 14,420.0 14,424.0 16,400.0
1.700.O 14,420.0 14,424.0 16, 400.0
29, 723.fi 194,800.0 72,796.0 125,020.0
131 New Facilities
50 AA ADtOH t RESOURCES MET
D BUXLDIHS ADD FACILITIES
29,723.6 194,800.0
31,423.fi 209,220.0
31,423,« 209,220.0
72,796.0 125,020.0
87,220.0 141,420.0
87,220.0 141,420.0
5-7
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-------
Superfund
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
UNITED SZATZS ENVTRDHMENTfiXi FROTECZXOH
EY9B PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FOND
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NPM
(dollars in thousands)
NPM OFFICE
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT *
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA AIR S. RADIATION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA ADMIN £ RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
ADMINISTPATOR/STAFF
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA SOLID WASTE & EMERG RESPONS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
GENERAL COUNSEL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA POLICY, PLANNING £ EVAL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
INSPECTOR GENERAL *
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
FT 1996
OP PLAN
5,160.
1.
3,207.
19.
17,953.
220.
96,492.
306.
3,258.
9.
1,073,621.
1,436.
203,175.
1,214.
2,699.
26.
2,601.
7.
11,000.
104.
1,421,171,
3,347.
8
B
5
9
9
3
4
0
3
2
5
3
8
9
6
6
2
7
0
3
0
0
FY 1.997
PRES. BUD.
42,508
129
1,043
13
22,204
237
89,682
288
3,083
11
1,018,230
1,533
202,138
1,224
2,821
29
1,083
5
11,450
106
1,394,245
3,560
.0
.2
.6
.2
.5
.9
.1
.8
.5
.9
.7
.6
.2
,2
.0
.4
.1
.9
.5
.0
.2
.1
FY 1997
ENACTED
35,000
126
1,126
12
23,730
234
83,116
284
2,852
9
1,032,047
1,482
201,194
1,216
3,172
31
1,006
5
11,000
106
1,394,245
3,508
.0
.6
.2
.5
.6
.2
.4
.3
.1
.2
.6
.0
.0
.7
.0
.5
.1
.9
.0
.0
.0
.9
FY 1998
BUD. REO_.
39,755.
125.
1,012.
12.
25,545.
237.
8S, 449.
288.
4,338.
11.
1,717,081.
1,585.
204,268.
1,239.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
9
9
7
0
2
9
7
8
7
8
4
8
4
4
3,159.5
29.4
992.
5.
11,641.
102.
2,094,245.
3,639.
2
9
3 "
B
0
7
4,755.
-0.
-113.
-0.
1,814.
3.
3,333.
4.
1,486.
2.
685,033.
103.
3,074.
22.
-12.
-2.
-13.
0.
641.
-3.
700,000.
130.
9
7
3
5
6
7
3
5
6
6
8
8
4
7
5
1
9
0
3
2
0
a
Narrative descriptions of the 1998 Congressional Justification are located in the S£T and OIG Chapters.
6-1
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SOTERFOND TRUST FOND
The Agency requests a total of $2,094,245,000 and 3,639.7 total workyears
in 1998 in the Superfund account. The cost of the Budget's proposed additional
1.51 percentage point agency payment to the Civil Service Retirement and
Disability Fund for Civil service Retirement System Employees will be absorbed
within this request, once the proposal is enacted. Of the total requested
amount, $39,755,900 and 125.9 workyears are transferred to the Science and
Technology account for technical support and research and development efforts,
and $1.1,641 < 300 and 102.8 workyears are transferred to the Inspector General
account for audit activities. The Agency requests $1,717,081,40.0 and 1,585.8
total workyears to address public health and environmental risks posed by
abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
On August 28, 1995, in Kalatnazoo, Michigan, the President recommitted the
Nation to protecting communities from toxic pollution. His announcement included
two proposals for Superfund: 1) Accelerating Superfund Toxic Waste Cleanups in
our Communities, and 2) Restoring hope to Communities Through Brownfields
Redevelopment. As proposed in the President's budget, funding for these
initiatives will significantly increase the pace of Superfund cleanups and the
scope of the Agency's Brownfields initiative.
The goal of the President's Accelerating Superfund Toxic Waste Cleanups
initiative is to complete construction at two-thirds of National Priorities List
(NPL) sites — the Nation's worst hazardous waste sites - by the end of the year
2000. The initiative will bring early risk reduction to an additional 150
communities in 1998. By the end of the year 2000 the Superfund program will more
than double the number of sites completed since the inception of the program.
TO achieve this goal, the resources requested for this initiative are focused on
the site cleanup phase of the program. The initiative will cut years off the
time it would otherwise take to reduce risk to human health and the environment
and complete cleanup at these sites.
In recent years, the Superfund program has undergone significant and
fundamental reform. The new Superfund program places increased emphasis on
restoring contaminated sites to reduce risks, with almost 200 NPL sites entering
cleanup in 1998 alone. The Agency empowers states, Federally recognized Indian
tribes, and local governments to bring local solutions to sites. In 1398, the
Agency will more than double funding to these partnerships as part of the
President's initiatives. Citizens and communities also play a key role in the
reformed Superfund and under the President's proposal. Local participation is
a prerequisite to successfully address local hazardous waste problems. In 1998,
the Superfund program will significantly increase site cleanups while expanding
environmental partnerships and empowering stakeholders.
Since 1980, states, tribal governments and citizens have reported 40,000
hazardous waste sites of potential .concern. Of these sites 1,387 have been
placed on the NPL for long-term cleanup and 28,000 have been removed from the
inventory because no further Federal action is warranted. In 1998, the Agency
will continue to remove sites from the Federal inventory when appropriate, and
will accelerate assessment and cleanup of sites posing the greatest risk to
public health. This focus on accelerating worst sites maximizes risk reduction
and enhances protection for children and others living and working near Superfund
sites.
The President's environmental announcement in Kalatnazoo also emphasizes the
expansion of the Brownfields economic initiative designed to leverage local
government and private sector activities to clean up and revitalize Brownfields
sites across the Nation. Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or under-used
6-2
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industrial and commercial properties where expansion or redevelopment is
complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination. The Agency
provides funding to local authorities, through cooperative agreements, to
innovatively identify and assess potential Brownfields properties. In 1998, the
program will provide funding for 75 demonstration pilots, capitalize revolving
loan funds for 106 cleanups of identified and assessed sites, initiate
partnerships with key stakeholders, and implement job training and workforce
development within the communities most directly impacted by Brownfields
properties.
In July 1993, the President announced his base closure community
reinvestment program to help speed the economic recovery of communities affected
by the Department of Defense's Base Realignment and Closure (BRAG) program. In
1998, the Agency's Superfund Federal facility program will respond to requests
to facilitate and assist with the transfer of these Federal properties for use,
reuse or redevelopment.
The 1998 request also includes .an authorization request for costs allocated
to identifiable, but financially nonviable parties, or orphan shares. Funding
for these shares will increase fairness as potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
.are compensated for their portion of orphan share contribution to site cleanup.
The orphan share funding reflects mandatory funds and are not included in the
program and Agency request for discretionary funds. The request also includes
extensions of the Superfund excise and corporate environmental tax.
To accomplish its Superfund mission, EPA relies on scientific and
operational experts in other Federal agencies. Some of•these agencies play a
critical role in achieving the goals of the President's Kalamazoo proposal for
accelerating Superfund cleanups. These partnerships enhance the quality and pace
of the Superfund program and create the efficiencies envisioned under the Economy
Act.
The Superfund Enforcement program will adhere to the following principles
in conducting its work in 1998: pursue violators and responsible parties to
maximize PRP'participation in site restoration; promote enforcement fairness,
especially for small contributors to sites; reduce third parties' transaction
costs; recover the government's costs for site cleanup; encourage economic
redevelopment by bringing contaminated sites into productive use; and ensure
environmental justice. In addition to these efforts, the Superfund Enforcement
program will support the President's commitment announced in Kalamazoo, Michigan
to clean up 900 of the worst toxic dump sites by the year 2000.
The Superfund Enforcement program will obtain response actions through PRP
searches, settlement negotiations, enforcement actions, and compliance assurance
work. Where settlement 'negotiations fail, and Trust Fund dollars are used to
clean up sites, the Agency will take cost recovery actions to recover Trust Fund
expenditures. The Criminal Enforcement program will investigate potential
criminal actions. The Federal Facilities Enforcement program will work with
Federal agency Superfund sites. EPA will also provide funds to the Department
of Justice (DOJ) for civil and criminal litigation and enforcement actions to
recover cleanup costs, compel PRP participation in cleanups, and support
enforcement fairness initiatives.
The Agency places high priority on providing quality management services,
infrastructure, operations, and workforce support for the new generation of
environmental programs and priorities. Specifically, focusing on the Agency's
highest priorities, including: reinventing 'EPA management; supporting strong
science and data,- fostering effective partnerships; strengthening our stewardship
and fiscal integrity of the Agency's contracting and grant assistance resources;
and maintaining essential infrastructure support.
6-3
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Support for the development of Agency-wide resource management policies and
national guidance and operation and maintenance of the Integrated Financial
Management System (IFMS) will continue. In addition, the Agency will provide
assistance to the Superfund cost recovery program. Further, the Agency will
provide leadership for the development of performance based management tools?
devote resources, to EPA's own streamlining and administrative reform initiatives;
and continue to develop and implement the management processes and information
systems needed to improve EPA's ability to manage' for results.
Taken together, the major activities and goals of the Superfund program
articulate the program's mission -- to reduce risk to human health and the
environment by promoting the cleanup of the nation' s hazardous waste problems in
a faster, fairer, and more efficient manner. By focusing and strengthening the
Superfund program of today, the efforts of all stakeholders will result in long-
term protection of the environment for generations to come and will provide much
needed economic benefits by bringing properties back into productive use.
6-4
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nUTTED STATES ENVIRONMBHTSI. PBOTBCTION ACBHCY
IY98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
HA2MUDODS SDBSXBNCB RESPONSE TRUST FOHD
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
96 - 97
ADMXNXSTRATO&/ST&FF
Technical Support to the Agency
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Improved Understanding of the Environment
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Technical Support to States, Tribes S Locals
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
318
4
334
4
:als
605
1
.8
.0
.5
.2
.0
.0
330
4
570
6
2,162
1
.S
.0
.6
.9
.1
.0
199
2
510
•5
2,142
1
.1
.3
.4
.9
.6
.0
354
4
603
6
3,380
1
.8
.0
.2
.3
.7
.0
155.
1.
92.
0.
1,238.
0.
7
7
B
9
1
0
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
3,258.3
9.2
3,083.5
11.9
2,852.1
9.2
4,338.7
11.8
1,486.6
2.6
6-5
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $4,338,700 and 11.8 total workyears for 1998
in the Superfund Account for the Office of the Adminietrator (OA).
These resources will be used by OA to support efforts in three Program
Components: Technical Support to the Agency; Improved Understanding of the
Environment; and Technical Support to .sates, Tribes, and Local Governments.
Emphasis is placed on congressional and legislative affairs, adjudicatory and
judicial review, intergovernmental and public affairs, and regional scientific,
analytical, and technical services.
6-6
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY
1998 PROGRAM RBQU1BST
The Agency requests a total of $354,800 and 4.0 total workyears in 1998 for
the Technical Support to the Agency program component.
MftJOR ACTIVITIES
Maj or activities within this program component are
congressional/legislative analysis with a request of $266,100 and 3.0 total
workyears and adjudicatory and judicial review with a request of $88,700 and 1.0
total workyear.
In 1998, the Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs (OCLA) will
provide effective day-to-day liaison with Congress and ensure that Member and
Committee requests regarding the Superfund Program are handled in a timely
manner .
The Environmental Appeals Board will issue final Agency decisions in
Superftmd cases, primarily on petitions for reimbursement under section 106 (b) (2)
of CERCLA. Section 106 (b) (2) allows any person who has complied with an EPA
Order issued under section 106 (a) of CERCLA to petition for reimbursement of
reasonable costs incurred in complying with the Order, plus interest. To
establish a claim for reimbursement, a petitioner must demonstrate that it was
not liable for response costs under CERCLA section 107 (a) , or that the Agency's
selection of the ordered response action was arbitrary, capricious, or otherwise
not in accordance with the law. Such claims can be in the millions of dollars.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE : +1.7 FTE +S155.7K
Changes represent increased workforce costs i
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $199,100 and 2.3 total workyears for the
Technical Support to the Agency program component. Major activities within this
program component are congressional/legislative analysis with an allocation of
$112,500 and 1.3 total workyears, and judicial review with an allocation of
$86,600 and 1.0 total workyear.
The OCLA will provide effective day-to-day liaison with Congress and ensure
that Member and Committee 'requests regarding the Superfund Program are handled
in a timely manner. Legislative activity is expected to increase due to
reauthorization of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
The Environmental Appeals Board will issue final Agency decisions in
Superfund cases, primarily on petitions for reimbursement under section 10 6 (b) (2)
of CERCLA.
IMPROVED TJlTOERSTMroiHG OF THE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $603,200 and 6.8 total workyears in 1998 for
the Improved Understanding of the Environment program component .
6-7
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are public information and
assistance with a request of $603,200 and 6.8 total workyears.
Resources in this program will be used to build and maintain communications
with state and local elected officials, environmental directors, national,
associations, and the public. A strong intergovernmental liaison will be
encouraged between the Regions and state and local officials. OA will also take
a lead role in liaison activities with national organizations.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +0.9 FTE +S92.8K
Changes represent increased workforce costs..
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $510,400 and 5.9 total workyears for the
Improved Understanding of the Environment program component. Major activities
within this program component are direct public information and assistance with
an allocation of $510,400 and 5.9 total workyears.
EPA will continue to build and maintain communications with state and local
elected officials, environmental directors, representative national associations,
and the public.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO STATE. LOCAL. AND TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $3,380,700 and 1.0 total workyear in 1998
for the Technical Support to State, Local, and Tribal Governments program
component.
Major activities within this program component are Regional analytical
environmental services with a request of $3,000,000, and the National
Environmental Services Officer (NESO) with a request of $380,700 and 1.0 total
workyear.
Superfund resources will support the NESO located in the Office of Regional
Operations and State/Local Relations. NESO will: provide Regional Scientific and
Technical Services Managers with policy guidance and management support in areas
affecting both Regional Scientific and Technical Services and Superfund; schedule
and convene regular meetings of Regional Scientific and Technical Services
Managers; plan, schedule, and convene" meetings of the Superfund Analytical
Services Advisory Committee; and evaluate options for securing the most effective
and efficient laboratory and quality assurance support to meet Superfund program
goals.
Regional Analytical Services Divisions will provide environmental data
support to the program offices to determine compliance and environmental
indicators, and will be the basis for enforcement actions. The effectiveness of
the Regions' ability to achieve clean-ups of sites will be improved by increasing
the ability of the Regional Scientific .and Technical Service managers to provide
the necessary laboratory, field, and quality assurance support required by the
Superfund Program. The National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation
Conference program will be implemented in the Regions and the states.
6-8
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Implementation will include training of Regional staff, as well as training and
accreditation of state staff for the audits of private environmental
laboratories .
Changes represent increased support for analytical environmental services
in the Regions .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $2,142,600 and 1.0 total workyear. The
major activities within this program component are Regional- analytical
environmental services with a request of $1,733,400, and the NESO with an
allocation of $409,200 and 1.0 total workyear.
Superfund resources will continue to support NESO located in the Office of
Regional Operations and State/Local Relations.
Regional Analytical Environmental Services will continue to provide
technical support for primary field investigations, .monitoring, sample collection
and transport, laboratory analyses, data analysis and evaluation, quality
assurance/quality control oversight, environmental emergencies. Geographical
Information Systems, the National Drinking Water Laboratory Certification
Program, and technical assistance to state drinking water laboratories. Modern,
'well -.maintained laboratory and field equipment will be 'used to address the
Agency's good science, enforcement, and environmental monitoring assessment
goals . This program will fund the laboratory and field equipment necessary to
effectively maintain Agency standards for good science. Funding will also
support increasing demands for sophisticated data generation and analysis
support .
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION A6SNC7
VX98 PRESIDENT'S BnDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FOND
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
Aft ADMIN £ RESOURCES MGT
Management Services and Stewardship
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Essential Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Working capital Fund
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Management Services and Stewardship
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Essential Infrastructure - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
10,
.38,
16,
446.
131.
818.
0.
748.
0.
3
9
3
0
9
0
12,758
137
45,822
0
2,905
0
.4
.8
.9
.0
.8
.0
12,846
134
40,986
0
718
0
.7
.6
.9
.0
.5
.0
14,774.
137.
41,330.
0.
701.
0.
4
e
5
0
0
0
2,263
3
8
0
-17
0
.1
.2
.2
.0
.5
.0
Regions
11,
21,
188.
174.
290.
0.
9
1
0
0
9,837
.4
151.0
18,357
0
.6
.0
12,001
149
16,562
0
.6
.7
.1
.0
11,286.
151.
18,357.
0.
2
0
6
0
-715
1
1,794
0
.4
.3
,9
.'0
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
98,492.4
306.0
89,682.1
288.8
83,116.4
284.3
86,449.7
288.8
3,333-3
4.5
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $86,449,700 and 288.8 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Account for the Office of Administration and Resources
Management (OARM)»
The major components of this program are Management Services and
S tewardship.. which includes Facilities Management, Contracts and Grants
Management, Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources Management; and
EssentialInfrastructure, which includes nationwide services to maintain and
enhance agency facilities (rent and utilities), and provide office, building, and
maintenance services (security, printing, equipment maintenance). These
•management and essential infrastructure services are provided in EPA's
Headquarters, field, and regional locations,
Goals and Objectives
.OARM's first and foremost priority is to provide management services,
infrastructure, operations, and workforce support for the new generation of
environmental programs and priorities. Specifically, OARM is directing resources
toward the Agency's highest priorities, including:
o reinventing EPA management;
o supporting strong science and data;
o fostering effective partnerships;
o strengthening our stewardship and fiscal integrity of the Agency's
contracting and grant assistance resources; and
o maintaining essential infrastructure support.
1998 Priorities
OARM has directed resources in areas designed to address vulnerabilities
in Grants and Contracts management, improve access feo 1PA information by the
states and local governments, implement system modifications to accommodate the
upcoming century change, streamline and automate the Agency's administrative
systems, and maintain and enhance essential infrastructure services and support.
OARM has disinvested resources in those areas where efficiencies,
automation and streamlining have reduced costs and where we have completed the
developmental efforts and are now ready to deliver these new technologies and
implement new ways of doing business.
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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
AND HEAIiTH SERVICES
Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
o Security. Implement enhanced security measures at EPA facilities across
the country. Also, security is provided at a level sufficient to ensure
employee safety on Agency property.
o Health and Safety Compliance. Health and Safety repairs will be addressed
as well as proj ects necessary to ensure compliance with environmental
statutes.
INFORMATION, RBSOPRCIS^MAITACEMBNT
o Year 2000: Thirty five percent (35%) of systems managed are compliant
with the Year 2000 requirement.
o Electronic Forms: Deploy to the desktop of 3000 Agency staff.
o Public .Access; Information Resources Center responds to 1000 request for
Agency data per month; provide for over 100,000 pages of information on
Internet.
o S tewardship: Support Agency planning and the Information Technology
Management Reform Act.
CONTRACTSMANAGEMENT
o Contract Award: OAM will award and administer contracts totaling $400
million dollars.
o Administrative Close-Outs; OAM will close out a total of 53 contracts.
o Contractor Purchasing System Reviews (CPSRs) : OAM will complete 4 CPSRs to
ensure that contractor's purchasing systems are following federal
regulations set for in the FAR.
o Financial/Cost Reports: OAM will complete 70 Financial/Cost Reports that
include audits of preaward and interim incurred costs on contractors with
Agency contracts as well as financial capability reviews of contractors
who want to do business with EPA.
o SmallPurchase Orders: OAM will award, administer, and process'6000 small
purchases.
O Claims/Terminations/Appeals/Ratifications: OAM will complete 25 claims,
terminations, appeals, and ratifications.
o FOIA Responses: OAM will process 185 FOIA requests for contract
information.
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o Indirect Rate Agreement Reports: OAM will complete 200 agreement reports
on agreements with contractors or grantees on indirect cost rates to be
applied to their contracts/grants.
o Agency Acquisition Courses: OAM will offer or sponsor 150 acquisition
courses to provide skills to EPA employees on sound contract management
practices.
GRANTS MANAGEMENT
o Award 2000 new Grants and reduce closeout backlog by 800* Award 2,000 new
Assistant Agreements and. Interagency Agreements and reduce backlog of
completed but not closed out agreements by 800.
o Provide 6 ProjectOfficer Training Course: Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible for monitoring and oversight of assistance agreements.
•o Perform two regional/recipient oversight: visits: Perform at least two
regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of EPA assistance agreements.
o Accept 180new suspension/debarment; in the suspension/debarment arena:
accept 180 new cases,- complete 27 compliance agreements; debar 100 EPA
offenders; closeout 80 cases; and perform 12 compliance audits.
HUMAN RESQTTRCES MANAGEMENT
o Administrative Reform: Implement Human Resources Information System Front
End for EPA Personnel.
o Cusfcaner-jSffirvice; Improve service quality and responsiveness through
automated information access and client empowerment.
o Skills Assessment: Develop skills necessary to assess Agency skills needs
and regain balance in critical mission policy areas.
1997
FACILITIESAND HEALTH SKEVICKS
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
o Security. Implement enhanced security measures at EPA facilities across
the country. Security is provided at a level sufficient to ensure
employee safety on Agency property.
o Health and Safety Compliance. Health and Safety repairs will be addressed
as well as projects necessary to ensure compliance with environmental
statutes.
INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
o Electronic Forms: Deploy to the desktop, of 3000 Agency staff.
o Year 2000; System inventory completed.
o Public Access: Open Information Resource Center to respond to request for
Agency data.
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Stewardship : Support Agency planning and. the Information Technology
Management Reform Act ,
Contract Awards : 0AM will award and administer contracts totaling $400
million dollars, including at least one performance based contract.
,Close -Outs : 0AM will close out a total of 53 contracts.
Contractor Purchasing System Reviews (CPSRs ) ; OAM will complete 4 CPSRs
to ensure that contractor's purchasing systems are following federal
regulations set for in the FAR.
Financial/Cost Reports: OAM will complete 70 Financial /Cost Reports that
include audits of preaward and interim incurred costs on contractors with
Agency contracts as well as financial capability reviews of contractors
who want to do business with EPA.
Small Purchase Orders : OAM will award, administer, and process 6000 small
- purchases .
Cla ims /Terminations /Appeal s /Rat i,£ ica t ions ; OAM will complete 25 claims,
terminations, appeals, and ratifications.
FOIA Responses : OAM will process 185 FOIA requests for contract
information .
Indirect Rate Agreement Reports : OAM will complete 200 agreement reports
on agreements with contractors or grantees on indirect cost rates to be
applied to their contracts/grants.
Agengy ..... Acquisition ..... Courses : OAM will offer or sponsor 150 acquisition
courses to provide skills to EPA employees on sound contract management
practices .
GRANTS
Promulgate Peg£pir""'TTce Partnership Grant Regulation by 9/1997 : Promulgate
Performance Partnership Grants/Part 35 Regulation, i.e., (simplifying and
streamlining grants) by 9/97.
Award 2000 new Grants and reduce closeout backlog by 500: Award 2,000 new
Assistant Agreements and Interagency Agreements and reduce backlog of
completed but not closed out agreements by 500.
Provide 6 Project Off iqer Training Course; Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible for monitoring and technical oversight of assistance
agreements .
Perform two regionia.3./](:ejC_j.pAent oversight visit.: Perform at least two
regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of EPA assistance agreements .
Accept 180 new suspension/«^gbarroeot ..... ,.c,a.f es : In the suspension/debarment
arena: accept 200 new cases; complete 25 compliance agreements; debar 100
EPA offenders; closeout 100 cases; and perform 10 compliance audits.
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RESOURCES
Merit Promotions : Provide certificates of eligibility for all recruit
actions within agreed time frames .
Actions ; Complete appropriate actions in the Agency Payroll and
Personnel system.
o attm-rnisfcrative Reform: Acquire Windows -Based Human Resources Information
•System for Agency Personnel Management Information system,
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MANAGEMENT SERVICESAMD
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $14,774,400 and 137.8 total workyears in
1998 for the Management Services and Stewardship program component. This program
component provides the Superfund management services and operations to enable the
Agency to achieve its environment mission .and meet its fiduciary and workforce
responsibilities. The Office of Administration Resources Management two
important objectives are, first, to 'help the Agency by providing high quality
Superfund Management Services and products for our customers. The second is to
exercise enlightened stewardship and assure that environmental protection is
carried out efficiently and cost effectively.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Facilities and Health Services ($668,100 and 7.3 total workyears) - This
activity supports administrative services including facility management,
modification and preventive maintenance of current space, space utilization, real
property management, and health, safety and environmental compliance programs.
Human Resources Management ($953,800 and 10.3 total workyears) - This
activity provides Human Resources and Organizational Services to EPA customers.
This includes employee benefits information and processing, human resources
policy interpretation, streamlining, and simplification of human resource
directives and regulations; the EPA performance management system, management
development, career management, workforce planning and analysis,- labor-management
partnerships? and management and organizational consulting which define problems
and develop solutions for EPA organizations, while supporting new management
initiatives crucial to NPR, such as teams, streamlining and flattening
organizations, and productivity enhancing consultative relationships.
Information Systems and Services ($2,473,400 and 9.4 total workyears} -
This resources provide activity support to the Agency's information management
activities and essential infrastructure services which include managing and
operating EPA's Systems Development Center (SDC) and Data Service Center (DSC);
and, developing, deploying and supporting Agency-wide administrative information
systems. Re-engineering and Year 2000 activities are also supported by this
activity. In addition, this activity provides LAN support services to the
central IRM organization, Chief Information Officer, EPA Administrator; and
develops and administers Agency information policies and planning processes.
Contracts Management ($9,550,800 and 100.8 total workyears) - Major
activities include: processing timely procurement actions; closing-out of
existing contracts; providing training for project and contracting officers in
accordance with Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP); administering EPA
property; evaluating contract cost proposals; conducting essential financial
monitoring reviews; processing contract terminations and claims; and providing
contract and acquisition training in compliance with the Federal Acquisition
Reform Act. In addition, this activity provides technical reviews and policy
guidance; administrative oversight and management to the procurement operations
in Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park and Headquarters.
Grants Management ($1,044,200 and 9.0 total workyears) - This activity
supports the Agency's efforts to simplify and'streamline assistance regulations,
provides policy and .procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide
assistance programs; awards and administers Headquarters grants, cooperative and
interagency agreements from "cradle to grave"; provides outreach to the Regions,
States and Federal assistance recipients. This activity also provide the
necessary Agency support for Performance Partnership efforts; EPA'S strong
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Suspension and Debarment efforts to combat waste , fraud, and abuse in Federal
assistance and procurement programs; and, provides support to our customers and
stakeholders through the Grants Customer Relations Council,
RTP Field Operations ($84,100 and 1.0 total workyear) - This area
encompasses the facilities management, information resources management and human
resources management activities that are provided for Agency customers at the RTP
facility. Facilities services include preventive maintenance, space utilization,
safety and security programs, supply management, real property management and
mail operations. Information Systems and Service activities include system
support for operations and maintenance, customer support, training, library
services, LAN support, and developing, testing and implementing application
enhancements. The Human Resources Management activities encompasses recruitment,
placement and staffing functions; position classifications; position management;
organization analysis; planning and restructuring; training and career
development; labor-management and employee relations; incentive awards; and
personnel record systems.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +3.2_FTE +52.263.1,K
MAJOR INVESTMENTS
Workforce Costing Adjustment (+1,927,700) - This increase reflects a
recosting of salary and fringe cost of personnel included in this program
component.
Information Systems and Services (+3.2 total worfcyears) - This investment
will provide support for the Agency's Year 2000 activities and support the
Agency's re-engineering initiatives. This investment will also provide
additional support for managing and operating the Agency's Data Service Center
(DSC),
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $12,846,700 and 134.6 total workyears for
the Management Services and Stewardship program component. Major activities
within this program component are:
Facilities and Health Services ($442,800 and 6.1 total workyears} - This
activity will continue to develop and implement internal safety, health, and
environmental management policies, program models, and support systems; provide
technical assistance and technology-based training to EPA field employees in
laboratories, field facilities and sites,- and ensure that EPA meets its statutory
and regulatory mandates. The activity will continue to administer the essential
infrastructure budgets, provide operational support and continue to monitor and
direct contractor resources.
Human Resources Management ($750,900 and 10.3 total workyears) - This
activity provide human resources policies and procedures, program development,
training, special emphasis and employment programs, organizational development,
workplace planning, performance management, pay administration, benefits and
incentives administration. In addition, this activity supports the National
Performance Review (NPR) initiative, and the quality assessment of Agencywide
human resources practices and customer services initiatives.
RTP Field Operations ($76,100 and 1.0 total worfcyears) - This area
encompasses the facilities management, information resources management and human
resources management activities that are provided for Agency - customers at the RTP
facility. Facilities services include preventive maintenance, space utilization,
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safety and security programs, supply management, real property management and
mail operations. Information Systems and Service activities include system
support for operations and maintenance, customer support, training, library
services, LAN support, and developing, testing and implementing application
enhancements. The Human Resources Management activities encompasses recruitment,
placement and staffing functions; position classifications; position management;
organization analysis; planning and restructuring; training and career
development; labor-management and employee relations; incentive awards; and
personnel record systems.
Information Systems and Services ($2,165,000 and 6.2 total workyears) -
Activities focus on the initial implementation of the Information Technology
Management and Reform Act (ITMRA), as the Chief Information Officer provisions
of the law are implemented, and as an IT capital planning process is implemented
in a pilot mode. An assessment of the Agency's capabilities will be performed
and analyzed to identify strategic opportunities for improving in the Agency's
information management program. Re-engineering activities will continue to
support the most critical components of the Administrative Reform Initiatives,
including Next Generation Forms and the National Correspondences Tracking
Information System, On-going operations and maintenance for important
administrative systems and, the program offices and Administrator's LAN are
maintained and upgraded consistent with Agency architecture and LAN standards.
Contract Management ($8,388,200 and 102.0 total workyears) - This activity
within this program component are: award and manage EPA contracts, close out
existing contracts within required timeframes, provide training for project and
contracting officers, in accordance with OFPP policy guidance. In addition, this
activity will continue to evaluate contractor cost proposals, conduct essential
financial monitoring reviews, and process contract terminations and claims. This
activity will also provide Superfund administrative oversight and management to
the three procurement operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and RTF.
Grants Management ($920,000 and 9.0 total workyears) - This activity
within this program will simplify and streamline assistance regulations, policy
and procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide assistance programs;
award and administer Headquarters grants, cooperative and interagency agreements;
provide outreach to.the Regions, States, Tribal agencies and Federal assistance
recipients; continue to provide the necessary Agency support for Performance
Partnership efforts; support EPA's strong suspension and debarment efforts to
combat waste, fraud, and abuse in Federal assistance and procurement programs;
and, provide support to our customers and stakeholders through the Grants
Customer Relations Council.
ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE - HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $41,330,500 in 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component. This program component provides the Superfund
portion of the nationwide services to maintain and enhance the Agency's
facilities, information management, telecommunications, and human resources
infrastructurev Major activities funded in this program are:
Facilities and Health Services ($36,518,800) - These resources provide for
the Agency's Superfund portion of the national"support costs such as rent; direct
leases; move and related costs associated with space consolidation; property
management; space planning services; EPA's share of the payment to the General
Printing Office for typesetting Agency materials in the Code of Federal
Regulations; printing costs (e.g., time sheets, statement of earnings and leave);
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national health and safety support; and national security support. Additionally,
at the headquarters locations, costs include, security guard service,
motorpool/shuttle buses, office relocations, facility operations services (i.e.,
housekeeping, elevator maintenance, recycle contract, Building Services Desk,
etc.), health units and stress lab.
Hunan Resources Management ($994,100) - These resources provide for the
Agency's Superfund contributions to Workers Compensation and Unemployment
Compensation programs, National Check and Inquiry (NACI) security investigations,
Public Health Service assistance to and in support of EPA programs, as well as
job information and centralized employment assistance programs administered
through the Office of Personnel Management.
Information Systems and Services ($1,711,800) - These resources provide
essential infrastructure Superfund support to the Agency's national media
programs and strategic initiatives. The base dollars for this activity fund
infrastructure support activities that make EPA environmental information and
information products more available and accessible to the public and SPA's
partners in protecting the environment. Components of the Agency's
infrastructure range from developing and acquiring new data bases to activities
such as establishing and maintaining tools for accessing and analyzing
environmental data. This program also includes activities such as identifying
and correcting Agency information systems that fail to properly operate.
Contracts Management ($1,100,700) - These resources support the Agency's
Superfund portion .of the Integrated Contracts Management System (TCMS) , which
enables EPA to process and award new contracts and purchase orders to the
regions, labs, and program offices in a 'more timely manner. In addition, these
resources fund the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) capabilities,
Grants Management ($196,300) - These resources support the Superfund
portion of the Agency's efforts to implement the Integrated Grants Management
System, a fully automated, PC-based award management system which will allow all
easy access to grants information throughout the assistance agreement life cycle.
Cincinnati Field Operations ($335,400) - These resources support the
Superfund portion of various infrastructure services to EPA employees housed in
research laboratories, offices and special purpose spaces at eight locations in
Cincinnati. These services include facilities management, information resource
management, and library services.
Transit Subsidy ($473,400) - These resources provide the Superfund portion
of the Agency's transit subsidy program,
OF CHANGE i + S8_._35
Facilities and Health Services (+$94,100) - An increase of $164,600 is
attributable to the Superfund portion of the increased contract and rate
increases in 1998.
Transit Subsidy (+$249,500) - Fully funds transit subsidy program in this
activity.
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M&JOR
Contracts Management (-205,500) - This disinvestment reflects savings from
the Administrative Reform Initiative (ARI). The ARI is designed to reduce EPA's
administrative costs by 20% over three years while at the same time improving
quality and customer service. We are using a three-phase approach to achieve
administrative savings that includes streamlining our management processes and
procedures, automating the Agency's administrative systems and finally,
consolidating like functions across the Agency. 1998 is the second year of this
initiative .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $40,986,900 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component . This program component provides the Superf und
portion of the nationwide services to maintain and enhance the Agency's
facilities, information management, telecommunications, and human resources
infrastructure. Major activities funded in this program are:
Facilities and Health Services {$36,354,200} - These resources provide for
the Agency's Superf und portion of the national support costs such as rent; direct
leases; move and related costs associated with space consolidation; property
management ; space planning services ; EPA ' s share of the payment to the General
Printing Office for typesetting Agency materials in the Code of Federal
Regulations; printing costs; national health and safety support; and national
security support. Additionally, at the headquarters locations, costs include,
security guard service, motorpool/shuttle buses, office relocations, facility
operations services (i.e., housekeeping, elevator maintenance, recycle contract,
Building Services Desk, etc.), health units and stress lab.
Human Resources Management ($867,000) - These resources provide for the
Agency ' s Superf und contributions to Workers Compensation and Unemployment
Compensation programs, National Check and Inquiry (NACI) security investigations,
Public Health Service assistance to and in support of EPA programs, sign language
interpreter services for EPA headquarters employees who are hearing impaired,
as well as job information and centralized employment assistance programs
administered through the Office of Personnel Management.
Information Systems and Services ($1,703,900) - These resources provide
essential infrastructure support to the Agency's national media programs and
strategic initiatives. The base dollars for this activity fund infrastructure
support activities that make EPA environmental information and information
products more available and accessible to the public and EPA's partners in
protecting the environment .
Contracts Management ($1,306,200) - These resources support the Agency's
Integrated Contracts Management System (ICMS) , enabling EPA to process and award
new contracts and purchase orders to the regions, labs, and program offices in
a more timely manner. In addition, these resources fund the Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) capabilities.
Grants Management ($196,300) - These resources support the Superf und
portion of the Agency's efforts to implement the Integrated Grants Management
System, a fully automated, PC-based award management system which will allow all
easy access to grants information throughout the assistance agreement life cycle.
Cincinnati Field Operations ($335,400) - These resources support the
Superfund portion of various infrastructure services to EPA employees housed in
research laboratories, offices and special purpose spaces at eight locations in
Cincinnati. These services include facilities management, information resource
management, and library services.
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Transit Subsidy ($223,900) - These resources provide the Superfund portion
of the Agency's transit subsidy program.
WORKING CAPITAL FUMP - HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $701,000 in 1998 in the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OARM's portion of the Working Capital Fund (WCF)
program component. This is an internal fee for service effort designed to help
better identify true costs and to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness
of our management services. Under the WCF, the cost of services provided by the
Enterprise Technology Services Division (ETSD) for computer and telecommunication
services and by the Office of Administration for postage costs will be charged
back to the Agency offices which use those services. The requested resources
will enable the Agency to maintain current centrally administered computer and
telecommunication services and postage services in support of EPA programs.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE - S17.5K
The reduction represents a recalculation of ETSD services and postage
expenses.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency is allocating a total of $718,500 for OARM's portion of the
Working Capital Fund program component. This internal fee for service effort is
designed to help better identify true costs and to improve both the efficiency
and effectiveness of our management services. Under the WCF, the cost of
services provided by the Enterprise Technology Services Division for computer and
telecommunication services -and by the Office of Administration for postage costs
will be charged back to the Agency offices which use those services. The
requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current centrally
administered computer and telecommunication services and postage services in
support of EPA programs.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES AND STEWARDSHIP-REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $11,286,200 and 151.0 total workyears for
1998 for the Management Services and Stewardship - Regions program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Administrative Management ($3,618,900 and 48.2 total workyear - These
resources will be used to support Regional Superfund administrative management
activities. This includes ADP systems acquisition, maintaining administrative
information systems, managing Local Area Network (LAN) and interoperable Wide
Area Network (WAN) operations, and managing EPA desktop personal computer
equipment to ensure the full range of ADP operations support. Activities also
include general office and facilities management services such as management of
property and supplies, and coordination of Regional records management. In
addition, this program ensures the health, security and- safety of Regional
Superfund personnel, including activities such as training, field safety plan
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reviews and oversight of laboratory waste management. This program also provides
all personnel services for the Superfund program in the Regions.
Contracts and Grants Management ($7,667,300 and 102.8 total workyear) -
These resources will be used to continue implementation of the Agency's Contract
Management Improvement Strategy. Superfund Regional Contracting Offices (RCOs)
award and administer removal and remedial contracts, responding to the site
clean-up requirements within their respective Region. RCOs work with Regional
remedial and removal project managers as a team to provide contract assistance,
emergency response or longer term remedial clean-up as needed. The Regional
Grants Management offices (GMOs) award and manage all Superfund cooperative
agreements to states for pre-remedial, remedial and enforcement activities. In
addition, the GMOs award and manage all technical assistance grants, core grants
and interagency agreements in support of the Superfund program. They are
responsible for ensuring that each award complies with all EPA administrative
requirements and.that the recipients comply with .all requirements in the award
documents. The GMOs also perform state reviews to assure procurement, property
and financial systems of recipients are in accordance with OMB grant requirements
and EPA's Superfund regulations to ensure that all costs incurred by recipients
will be recoverable for the Trust Fund from responsible parties. This program
also provides for small purchase support to the Superfund program within the
Regional offices and to field personnel while at sites.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE • +1.3 FT^E -g.715.4K
Workforce Pricing Adjustment ($-715,400) - This reduction reflects a
recalculation of the workforce costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $12,001,600 and 149.7 total workyears for
Management Services and Stewardship - Regions program component. Major
activities within this program component are:
Administrative Management ($4,970,800 and 47.9) - These resources will be
used to support Regional Superfund administrative management activities. This
includes ADP systems acquisition, maintaining administrative information systems,
managing Local Area Network (IAN) and interoperable Wide Area Network (WAN)
operations, and managing EPA desktop personal computer equipment to ensure the
full range of ADP operations support. Activities also include general office and
facilities management services such as management of property and supplies, and
coordination of Regional records management* In addition, this program ensures
the health, security and safety of Regional Superfund personnel, including
activities such as training, field safety plan reviews and oversight of
laboratory waste management. This program also provides all personnel services
for the Superfund Program in the Regions.
Contracts and Grants Management ($7,030,800 and 101.8 total workyears) -
These resources will be used to continue implementation of the Agency's Contract
Management improvement Strategy. Superfund Regional Contracting Offices (RCOs)
award and administer removal and remedial contracts, responding to the site
clean-up requirements within their respective Region. RCOs work with Regional
remedial and removal project managers as a team to provide contract assistance,
emergency response or longer term remedial clean-up as needed. The Regional
Grants Management offices (GMOs) award and' manage all Superfund cooperative
agreements to states for pre-remedial, remedial and enforcement activities. In
addition, the GMOs award and manage all technical assistance grants, core grants
and interagency agreements in support of the Superfund program. They are
responsible for ensuring that each award complies with all EPA administrative
requirements and that the recipients comply with all requirements in the award
6-23
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documents. The GMOs also perform state reviews to assure procurement, property
and financial systems of recipients are in accordance with OMB grant requirements
and EPA's Superfund regulations to ensure that all costs incurred by recipients
will be recoverable for the Trust Fund from responsible parties. This program
also provides for small purchase support to the Superfund program within the
Regional offices and to field personnel while at sites.
BSSBHTIALINFRASTRPCOTCRK-RKSIONS
19S8 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $18,357,600 for 1998 in the Essential
Infrastructure program component. These funds will provide support to the
Hazardous Substance Response program in the ten Regional Offices. These basic
support services including printing and copying, telecommunications, local area
network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail distribution, library operations,
general training, office and laboratory facility supplies and maintenance, and
technical support, as well as Regional moves necessitated by reorganizations and
lease .expirations.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE 4.S1.794.9K
Core Infrastructure Support (+$1,794,900) - This investment maintaining
core support services in the regional offices. Basic services include utilities,
mail distribution, library operations, training, etc.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $16,562,700 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component. These funds will provide support to the
Hazardous Substance Response program in the ten Regional Offices. These basic
support services including printing and copying, telecommunications, local area
network (LAN) operations, utilities, mail distribution, library operations •,
general training, office and laboratory facility supplies and maintenance, and
technical support, as well as Regional moves necessitated by reorganizations and
lease expirations.
6-24
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UNITED STAXE5 ENVTRQNMEH!£fili PROTECTION
if96 PRESIDENT'S BOUGHT
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TR0ST POND
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
Flf 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FT 199B
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA. AIR t KftDIAIION
Abandoned Site Cleanup
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
3,207.5
19..9
1,043.6
13.2
1,126.2
12.5
1,012.7
12.0
-113.5
-0.5
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
3,207.5
19.9
1,043.6
13.2
1,126.2
12.5
1,012.7
12.0
-113.5
-0.5
6-25
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $1,012,700 and 12.0 total workyears for 1998
in the Superfund Account for the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR).
During 1998, EPA will continue support for characterization, remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at radioactively contaminated Superfund
sites. This includes sample analysis and field support available from the
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) through the Superfund
Technical Support Center program, technical support for EPA's Radiation Safety
Program which covers Superfund staff, and site-specific technical assistance
available from the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) headquarters and
laboratories. ORIA will continue developing new radiation-specific guidance for'
clean-up and waste management activities at radioactively contaminated sites.
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OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
o Support 25-30 Regional Superfund program requests for assistance.
o Assist in 2 new Superfund. emergency removals.
1997
o Support 25-30 Regional Superfund program requests for assistance
including over 1,600 samples (6,000 analyses}.
o Assist in 2 new Superfund emergency removals.
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ABANDONED SITE CltSMPP
1998 RBQOEgl
In 1998, the Agency requests a total of $1,012,700, from the Superfund
appropriation supported by 12,0 total workyears. During 1998, EPA will continue
support for characterization, remediation, removal, and enforcement activities
at radioactively contaminated Superfuiid sites. This includes sample analysis and
field support available from the National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) through the Superfund Technical Support Center program,
technical support for EPA's Radiation Safety Program which covers Superfund
staff, and site-specific technical assistance available from the Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) headquarters and laboratories. ORIA will continue
developing new radiation-specific guidance for clean-up and waste management
activities at radioactively contaminated sites.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGS; - 0.5 FTE - S113.5K
The reduction is due to administrative reforms.
1997 RBQCTEST
In 1997, the Agency budget for Abandoned Site Cleanup is a. total of
$.1,126,200 supported by 12.5 total workyears. During 1997, EPA will continue
support for characterization, remediation, removal, and enforcement activities
at radioactively contaminated Superfund sites. This includes sample analysis and
field support available from the National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) through the Superfund Technical Support Center program,
technical support for EPA's Radiation Safety Program which covers Superfund
staff, and site-specific technical assistance available from the Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) headquarters divisions and laboratories. In
addition, ORIA will continue its support for the Superfund Administrative Reforms
-and for technical transfer of updates to radiation risk assessment methodology.
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UtUTiUJ STATES ENVIHQHMEHTJ1I. PRDTECTIOH AGENCY
FX9B PRESIDENT'S BDDOET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
NEW SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
CHIEF FUffiNClfll. OFFICER
Resource Management
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
17,953.9
220.3
22,204.5
237.9
23,730.6
234.2
25,545.2
237.9
1,814.6
3.7
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
17,953.9
220.3
22,204.5
237.9
23,730.5
234.2
25,545.2
237.9
1,81,4.6
3.7
6-29
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPKRFUND
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINSNCI&L OFFICER OVERVIEW
The Agency.requests a total of $25,545., 200 and 237.9 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Account for the Office of the Chief Financial Officer
(OCFO).
Major activities within the Resources Management program component include':
Annual Planning aad Budgeting with a request of §2,141,800 and 25.0 total
workyears; Financial Management with a request of $22,967,800 and 212.0 total
workyears; and Program Management and Operations with a request of $433,600 and
0.9 total workyears.
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will continue to perform
Agency-wide resource management and control functions including budget
development, budget utilization, financial accounting and fiscal operations.
Resources will also support the development of Agency-wide resource management
policies and national guidance and operation and maintenance of the Integrated
Financial Management System (IFMS3 - in addition, resources will enable the OCFO
to provide assistance to the Agency's Superfund cost recovery program. Further,
the OCFO will provide leadership for the development of performance based
management tools consistent with the National Performance Review, the Government
Performance and Results Act, the Government Management Reform Act, and the Chief
Financial Officers' Act; devote resources to EPA's own streamlining and
administrative reform initiatives; and continue to develop and implement the
management processes and information systems needed, to improve EPA's ability to
manage for results.
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1998
1997
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
DATA OUTPUT CHART
O Financial statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
O Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities.
0 Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
0 Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-ll and A-34.
0 Financial Statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
O Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities.
O Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
O Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-ll and A-34.
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RESOURCE MANAGEMENT- HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAMREQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $13,117,000 and 80.7 total workyears in
1998 for the Resource Management-Headquarters program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will direct its
resources towards core. Agency-wide financial, budget, and resource management
functions in addition to Agency priorities such as the reinvention of EPA
management and administrative processes.
Major activities within the Resource Management-Headquarters program
component include:
Annual Planning and Budgeting ($899,000 and 10.9 total workyears) - OCFO
manages the development and formulation of the Agency's annual budget; designs
and oversees the process for developing annual performance plans; analyzes major
policy/resource issues facing the Agency,- oversees Agency implementation of GPRA
and NPR recommendations; implements, monitors and controls development of the
Agency's operating and resource allocation plans; monitors expenditures of Agency
funds to ensure that EPA complies with the Anti-Deficiency Act and other
executive branch and congressionally imposed fiduciary controls; operates,
maintains, and enhances automated budget systems; and develops and issues
policies and guidance related to all areas of budget formulation and execution.
In addition, OCFO acts as the primary Agency liaison with the Congress on all
matters pertaining to the Agency's budget and appropriations; develops guidance
and coordinates final preparation and submission of the OMB Budget Submission,
the annual Justification of Appropriation Estimates for Congress and EPA's
portion of the President's Budget.
Financial Management($11,782,400 and 68.9 total workyears) - Under this
activity OCFO develops and issues Agency-wide Superfund financial management
policies and procedures; implements cost accounting requirements, develops
necessary specialized financial reporting capabilities for Superfund cost
recovery, and develops specialized cost accounting applications such as indirect
costs and contractors' annual allocation for the Superfund Cost recovery program,-
develops and prepares the Agency's annual financial statements as well as the
CFO's analysis of the Superfund statements and audit results; conducts analyses
and evaluations of reported financial data for use by senior Agency management;
oversees the Agency's management of Superfund accounts receivable and acts as the
focal point for debt management activities; monitors Agency's Trust Funds and
optimizes investment returns,- monitors and oversees the Agency' & use of Superfund
reimbursable funds; develops and manages the Comptroller's Agency-wide Financial
Management Quality Assurance Program, fiscal year end closeout and startup
activities for the Agency's Superfund financial management functions; and
manages, maintains, and enhances EPA's Integrated Financial Management System
.(IFMS) and related systems.
Resources also support a full range of accounting and fiscal services to
program offices including time and attendance, travel and commercial payments.
OCFO also provides core financial services to the Agency for all EPA payroll
processing and accounting, contracts, interagency agreements, program assistance
agreements, and working capital fund agreements.
Program Management and Operations($435,600 and .9 total workyears} - Under
this activity OCFO manages the budgetary and administrative functions for the
Office of the Chief Financial Officer including budget formulation and execution,
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audit follow-up, management integrity, working capital fund, facilities, grants,
contracts, records management, personnel, information management, financial
reporting and special projects.
+1-2 FTE +S1.177.6K
An investment of $1,177,600 in 1998 will provide the necessary funding to
purchase mainframe services through the Agency's Working Capital Fund.
Investments also include 1.2 FTE to support financial management and annual
planning and budgeting activities,
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $11,939,400 and 79.5 total workyears for
the Resource Management-Headquarters program component. Major activities within
this program component are: Annual Planning and Budgeting with a budget of
$981,600 and 10.6 total workyears; Financial Management with a budget of
$10,118,700 and 68 total workyears; and Program Management and Operations with
a budget of $839,100 and .9 total workyears.
•Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in 1997
will support activities essential to the overall management and operations of the
Agency. Resources will enable the OCFO to provide core budget, financial, and
resource management services and support administrative reform initiatives .
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $12,428,200 and 157.2 total workyears in
1998 for the Resource Management -Regions program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will direct its regional
resources towards core financial, budget, and resource management functions in
addition to Agency priorities such as reinvention of EPA management and
administrative processes.
Major activities within the Resource Management-Regions program component
include :
Annual Planning and Budgeting ($1,242,800 and 14.1 total workyears) - Under
this activity Regional offices perform all budget related functions including
budget formulation and execution, operating plan development, and overall
management, reporting and accountability for the Regions' budget.
Financial Management ($11, 185, 400 and 143.1 total workyears) - This activity
includes all financial management functions in the Regional offices including
accounting, payment processing, billings and collections for grants, travel,
payroll, contracts, purchase orders, and all other financial transactions, as
well as payroll support and general ledger 'activities. Financial management
also includes the preparation of cost documentation for Superfund cost recovery
and bill ings /management of Superfund accounts receivable.
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EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; , +2.5 FTB +$637-OK
An investment of $637,000 will support increased Payroll, Compensation, and
Benefits and travel costs in 1998. Investments also include 2.5 FTE to .support
financial management activities.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $11,791,200 and 154.7 total workyears for
the Resource Management-Regions program component. Major activities within this
program component are: Annual Planning and Budgeting with a budget of $1,179,100
and 14.1 total workyears; and Financial Management with a budget of $10,612,100
and 140,6 total workyears.
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in 1997
will support activities essential to the overall management and operations of the
Agency. Resources will enable the Regions to provide core budget, financial and
resource management services to the Regional offices including Superfund cost
recovery support. In addition, the Regional offices will support administrative
reform initiatives. •
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UNITED SEMES EHVIROMMBOTAL PROTECTION AGEHCY
IY98 FRESIWBJT'S BUDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FOOT)
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
SQGRAM COMPONENT
Aft. ENFORCEMENT
Civil Enforcement
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Program Leadership and Evaluation
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Superfund cost Recovery
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
FY
OP
4,
25,
26,
1996
PLAN
613.
24.
148.
192.
296.
243.
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
9
9
8
0
3
1
4,560.
20.
55,541.
177.
29,883.
256.
3
8
2
2
0
6
FY 1997
ENACTED
4,736.
21.
19,141.
128.
44,432.
263.
8
8
4
3
3
0
FY 1998
BUD. REQ
4,735.
21.
16,415.
111.
45,387.
264.
DIFFERENCE
-
0
4
1
2
3
8
98 - 97
-1.
-0.
-2,726.
•-17.
1,955.
1.
8
4
3
1
0
8
Encouraging IKS Responses / Enforcement Fairness
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Trust Funds Compliance Assurance
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
122,
20,
328.
488.
099.
231.
3
9
S
4
85,897.
528.
20,751.
202.
4
3
0
9
104,173.
565.
23,184.
200.
4
7
6
5
113,500.
619.
17,724.
185.
8
3
0
e
9,327.
S3.
-5,460.
•-14.
4
6
6
9
OPA Civil and CERCLA Criminal Enforcement
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
,FTE
4,
203,
1,
68B.
34.
175.
214.
7
6
8
9
5,505.
38.
202,138.
1,224.
3
4
2
2
5,525.
37.
201,194.
1,.216.
5
4
0
7
5,506.
37.
204,268.
1,23,9.
2
1
4
4
—1 9
-0.
3,074-
22.
3
3
4
7
6-35
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE OVERVIEW
The Agency .requests a total of $204,268,400 and 1,239.4 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfurid Account for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance.
In 1998, the Superfund Enforcement program will contribute to site cleanup
through encouraging potentially responsible party (PRP) Response, Enforcement
Fairness initiatives, assuring compliance with settlement and orders and
pursuing cost recovery.
The Superfund Enforcement program will adhere to the following principles
in conducting its work in 1998: pursue violators and responsible parties to
maximize PRP participation in site restoration; promote enforcement fairness,
especially for small contributors to sites; reduce third parties' transaction
costs; recover the government's costs for site cleanup; encourage economic
redevelopment by bringing contaminated sites into productive use; and ensure
.environmental justice. In addition to these efforts, the Superfund Enforcement
program will support the President's commitment announced in Kalamazoo, MI to
clean up 900 of the worst toxic dump sites by the year 2000.
The Superfund Enforcement program has Headquarters, Field and Regional
components. A majority of the enforcement resources are located in the Regions
where they are used to obtain response actions by PRPs through PRP searches,
settlement negotiations, enforcement actions, and compliance assurance work.
Where settlement negotiations fail, and Trust Fund dollars are used to clean up
sites, the Agency takes cost recovery actions to recover Trust Fund expenditures.
The Regions are supported by EPA's Criminal Enforcement program which
investigates potential criminal actions. The Federal Facilities Enforcement
program works with Federal agency Superfund sites. EPA also provides funds to
the Department of Justice (DOJ) for civil and criminal litigation and enforcement
actions to recover cleanup costs, compel PRP participation in cleanups, and
support enforcement fairness initiatives.
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OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
O 69 section 106 civil actions*
0 25 remedial administrative orders*
O 54 cost recovery/ section 107 referrals
O 29 cost recovery/ administrative
O 39 criminal referrals
O 82 criminal cases initiated
* Includes agreements and orders associated with the President's
initiative to cleanup two-thirds of the'Nation1s worst contaminated
sites.
EARLY ACTIONS
O 56 removal actions/ PRP response
O 10 remedial feasibility studies/ PRP response
1997
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
O 40 section 106 civil actions
O 20 remedial administrative orders
0 54 cost recovery/ section 107 referrals
O 29 cost recovery/ administrative
O 33 criminal referrals
O 76 Criminal cases initiated
EARLY ACTIONS :
O 56 removal actions/ PRP response
O 10 remedial feasibility studies/ PRP response
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CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $4,735,000 and 21.4 total workyears in 1998
for the Superfund Civil Enforcement Program Component .
The goal of the Program Component is to provide EPA Headquarters,
Regions, and states with, high quality technical support to pursue enforcement
actions against non-complying parties.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Superfund Civil Enforcement Program Component will assist in
Superfund case development by providing support for litigation actions including
affidavits, depositions, and trail of evidence. The Program Component will apply
legally defensible scientific procedures and technical and financial analysis to
support Superfund enforcement cases . The Program Component ' s staff at the
National Enforcement Investigation Center will bring specialized technical skills
to bear on the highest priority civil Superfund cases -- complex cases that have
substantial environmental impact, are national in scope, and/or address
challenging environmental issues ,
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -0.4 FTE -$1.8K
This reduction is due to administrative reforms in consolidation,
automation and process improvements .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $4,736,800 and 21.8 total workyears for
technical and legal support to the Superfund Civil Enforcement Program Component.
Major activities include laboratory analysis, field investigations, and financial
analysis
In 1997, the Program Component's staff at the National Enforcement
Investigation Center is applying legally defensible scientific procedures and
technical and financial analysis to support CERLCA enforcement cases. Staff is
also assisting in Superfund case development by providing support for litigation
actions including affidavits, depositions, and trail of evidence.
PJROSR&M ...... IiEADKRgHIP AMP
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total- of $16,415,100 and 111.2 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Program Leadership and Evaluation Program Component.
The Program Component supports a number of functions critical to achieving
compliance with Superfund to address past, present and future threats to public
health and the environment . Functions in , this component include providing
leadership and executive direction to enforcement of the national Superfund
program, including measuring and evaluating program success; training; use and
maintenance of data systems; contracts management; capacity building and
outreach; MOA process, strategic planning and budgeting.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Superfund Program Leadership and Evaluation Program Component requests
$8,924,000 and 43.7 total workyears for the following administrative activities:
training; use and maintenance of data systems (including maintaining the
Comprehensive Environmental Responsive Compensation and Liability Information
System (CERCLIS)); state program outreach and capacity building; conducting
Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishment Plan (SCAP) negotiations and other program
planning; and, contracts management, budgeting and reporting under the Chief
Financial Officer's Act.
The Program Component will provide $5,564,200 and 47.3 total workyears for
Regional Support functions, such as information management coordination,
contracts management, community relations coordination, administrative record
maintenance and accounting. The Regional program will also provide $779,900 and
10.0 total workyears for state support/ technical assistance.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; -17.1 FTE -S2.726.3K
The Superfund Program Leadership and Evaluation Program Component will
disinvest 4.2 total workyears from Headquarters data management and outreach
functions and 12.9 workyears from program support functions in the Regions. The
program component will also disinvest $2,726,300 from Superfund reform pilot
start up costs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is $19,141,400 and 128.3 total workyears for 1997 in
the Superfund Program Leadership and Evaluation Program Component.
In 1997, the Program Leadership and Evaluation Program Component is
budgeting $15,740,900 and 120.0 total workyears for Headquarters and Regional
administrative support, training, data management and reporting, contracts and
financial management, state outreach and capacity building, and program planning.
COST RECOVERY
1998 PROGRAM REQIOOBST
The Agency requests a total of $46,387,300 and 264.8 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component.
The goal of the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component is to demonstrate
fiscal stewardship and responsibility for addressing past costs at sites. By
pursuing cost recovery settlements, the program promotes the principle that
polluters should pay cleanup costs at sites they contaminated and maximizes the
leverage of the Trust Fund to address future threats posed by contaminated sites.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component will provide
$15,100,700 and 146.5 total workyears to recoup monies expended from the Trust
Fund from viable responsible parties. Where settlement negotiations and previous
enforcement actions have failed to achieve Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
response, and Trust Fund dollars are used to clean up sites, the program will
take cost recovery actions against PRPs to recover expenditures. Recovered funds
6-39
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will then be available to clean up other contaminated sites. The Program
Component will achieve this recoupment through administrative cost recovery,
CERCL& section 107 case referrals, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) .
The Program Component will also expend $12,214,400 and 100. 0 total
workyears for case support. Regional enforcement involvement in case referrals
and support includes case development and preparation, referral and post-filing
actions. The Program Component will also provide case and cost documentation
support for the docket of cases currently being worked on by the Department of
Justice (DOJ) . The Program Component will provide $13,552,400 for the Department
of Justice (DOJ) Interagency Agreement to support DOJ ' s efforts to recover costs
incurred by the Trust Fund.
In 1998, the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component will provide
$1,485,800 and 7.5 total workyears to assist the Regions in meeting cost recovery
statute of limitation deadlines, in using alternative dispute resolution to
resolve cases in an equitable and timely manner, and in providing case support,
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will direct 10 . 1
total workyears and $2,541,800 in 1998 to identify the liability of PRFs,
determine their ability-to-pay and research PRP corporate relationships . Civil
investigators will locate hidden PRP assets and assist in ability-to-pay
determinations. The Center will also provide specialized litigation support
including preparation of witness files and organization of Superfund documents
used in litigation.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: 4-1.8 FTE +lf955.0K
In 1998, the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component will redirect 30.5
workyears from ongoing cost recovery litigation to ADR and pre-trial case
resolution. The Component will also invest an additional .1-8 workyears for ADR
case resolution.
The Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component will disinvest $1,475,500 in
contract funds from ongoing case litigation. Enforcement fairness initiatives,
such as orphan share compensation and fair share settlements, are expected to
resolve certain cases before going to litigation. Use of alternative dispute
resolution in cost recovery will improve early case resolution, increase fairness
and reduce transaction costs normally associated with pursuing non-complying
parties. Additional Program Component increases reflect increased personnel costs
for 264.8 workyears
1997
The Agency's budget is a total of $44,432,300 and 263.0 total workyears for
the Superfund Cost Recovery Program Component. In 1997, the program is
continuing to recoup monies expended by the Fund from viable responsible parties.
Where settlement negotiations and previous enforcement actions have failed to
achieve PRP response, and Trust fund dollars are used to remediate sites, cost
recovery actions are being taken against PRPs to recover expenditures . Major
activities and associated resources are described below.
In 1997, the Program Component provides $11,313,300 and a total of 116
workyears for administrative cost recovery and case referrals; and $15,927,500
and a total of 130.5 workyears on cost recoyery litigation/case support. In
1997, the Agency projects that 92 cost recovery statute of limitation cases are
being addressed. The Cost Recovery Program Component is also providing
$13,888,000 for the Department of Justice (DOJ) Interagency Agreement.
6-40
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The Program Component is providing $2,115,300 and 7.5 total workyears to
assist the Regions in meeting cost recovery statute of limitation deadlines, in
using alternative dispute resolution to resolve cases in an equitable and timely
manner, and in providing case support'.
In 1997, the National Enforcement Investigations Center is directing
$2,683,300 and 10.I total workyears to evaluate technical information to identity
PRP liability; to analyze financial records; to locate PRP assets; and, to
provide specialized litigation services.
ENCOURAGING PRP RESPONSE/ENFORCEMENT FAIRNESS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $113,500,800 and 619.3 total workyears for
1998 for the Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program Component.
The goal of the Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program
Component is to ensure that the responsible parties cooperatively contribute
their equitable share toward cleaning up Superfund hazardous waste sites. This
program component also implements various Superfund reforms to increase
fairness, reduce transaction costs and promote economic redevelopment.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program
Component will continue its efforts to obtain PRP response actions by providing
$15,768,800 and 155.6 total workyears for negotiating cleanup agreements at sites
on the national priority list. The program component will also provide
$15,022,900 and 129.9 total workyears to achieve removal agreements. Where
negotiations fail, the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions to
require PRP cleanup or use Trust Fund dollars to remediate sites. Where
settlement negotiations and previous enforcement actions fail to achieve PRP
response, and Trust Fund dollars are used to clean up sites, cost recovery
actions will be taken against PRPs to recover expenditures.
The Program Component will also provide $2,800,000 and 33.0 total workyears
to support the President's commitment announced in Kalamazoo, MI to cleanup two-
thirds of the worst toxic dump sites by the year 2000. These resources will be
used to give PRPs the opportunity to lead response actions through fair share
settlements, and they will ensure timely and protective cleanups at the maximum
possible number of sites.
The Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program Component
will provide resources to support Superfund reforms including, but not limited
to, the following activities: $13,266,900 and 95.9 total workyears for PRP
searches and investigations to provide sufficient information to calculate orphan
share; $7,618,800 and 20.0 total workyears for expedited settlements to
facilitate early de minimis settlements; $2,121,900 and 10.0 total workyears for
settlements with parties with limited ability to pay; and, $3,802,600 and 30.0
workyears to make orphan share determinations in order to compensate PRPs for a
portion of the orphan share contribution for remedial design/remedial action
settlements,
Additional Superfund reform resources and the activities they support are:
$19,612,600 and 61.1 total workyears for allocations of responsibility; for more
effective and widespread use of alternative dispute resolution; for removal of
liability barriers to economic redevelopment through prospective purchaser
agreements; and, for providing guidance, direction and implementation support.
6-41
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Guidance will also be provided to clarify liability to special groups, including
recycler PRPs and religious and charitable organizations.
The Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program Component
will allocate $3,850,100 and 32.6 total workyears to issue administrative orders
to all potentially responsible parties at a given site and create site-specific
accounts.
The Program Component also requests $387,100 and 5 total workyears to
provide guidance to the Regions on projects that will enhance community
participation.
In 1998, this Program Component will provide $16,111,100 for the Department
of Justice (DOJ) Interagency Agreement. DOJ will continue to maintain its
support of the Agency by reviewing consent decrees, enforcing information
requests and enforcing orders to access to sites. DOJ will continue to review
de minimis settlements in support of the Superfund program's "Enforcement
Fairness" efforts. In addition, DOJ will seek civil penalties in instances where
the PRPs: violate notification requirements of CERCLA; deny access to sites;
destroy records; violate financial responsibility regulations; or violate
.administrative and judicial settlement agreements.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE +53.6 FTE +S9.327.4K
In 1998, the Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program
Component The Agency invest $2,508,600 and 19.3 total workyears redirected from
the Compliance Assurance component to support the program's increased focus on
achieving fair settlements. These resources will be used to achieve equitable
share settlements through allocations and for orphan share determination and
compensation. This Program Component will also provide $2,800., 000 and 33.0 total
workyears to support the President's Kalamazoo initiative to cleanup 900 of the
worst toxic dump sites by the year 2000.
•The program will disinvest $956,200 in de minlmia settlements, reflecting
fewer projected de minimis parties in 1996 cleanup settlement negotiations.
Additional increases reflect revised calculations to support the workforce.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $104,173,400 and 565.7 total workyears
for the Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program Component.
EPA's activities under this Program Component are directed toward
identifying potentially responsible parties (PRPs), negotiating cleanup
agreements and issuing orders, and utilizing fairness tools to ensure fair
settlements and to protect the smallest contributors to a site from costly third
party litigation. Activities and resources break out as follows: $21,296,300
and 137 total workyears for PRP searches; $9,004,100 and 118 total workyears for
remedial investigations/feasibility studies (RI/FIN. STATEM.) and removal orders;
$21,272,600 and 157.6 total workyears for remedial administrative/ judicial
actions; and ,$34,324,400 and 115.7 total workyears for enforcement fairness
tools, such as de minimis/ de micromis settlements, alternative dispute
resolution (ADR), ability to pay settlements, orphan share determinations and
prospective purchaser agreements.
In 1997, this Program Component is budgeting $18,123,000 and 38.7 total
workyears to assist the Regions in encouraging PRPs to assume the lead in
cleaning up contaminated sites. To this end, EPA has -piloted and begins
implementing in 1997 various Superfund reforms to increase fairness, reduce
'6-42
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transaction costs and promote economic redevelopment. The program is
particularly focusing on the following activities: more widespread use of
alternative dispute resolution (including PRP allocations); orphan share
determinations and RD/RA and non-time critical removals; and, reduced Federal
oversight of cooperative and capable parties.
The Encouraging PRP Response/Enforcement Fairness Program Component is
providing $16,111,100 for the Department of Justice (DOJ) Interagency Agreement
.for litigative support of the Superfund enforcement program.
In 1997, EPA expects to issue 66 administrative orders for remedial
investigations/ feasibility studies (RI/FIN. STATEM.) and removals. EPA expects
to refer 60 consent decrees and unilateral administrative orders for remedial
action. In recent years, over 70% of new remedial work has been conducted by
private parties.
TRUST FUNDS COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $17,724,000 and 185.6 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Compliance Assurance Program Component.
The goal of the Program Component is to ensure PRP compliance with orders
and consent decrees at non-Federal and Federal facilities.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Superfund Compliance Assurance Program Component will provide
$5,,029,100 and 49.2 total workyears to monitor Potentially Responsible Parties
(PRPs} compliance with orders for remedial investigation/feasibility studies and
removals and with remedial design/ remedial actions undertaken by PRPs. Where
PRPs fail to comply, the Agency will take reasonable and effective enforcement
action to ensure protective cleanup proceeds. A total of $1,133,000 and 13.8
total workyears will be devoted to enforcement actions against non-complying
parties.
The Program Component will continue negotiations with Federal facilities
to reach CERCLA Section 120 agreements for NPL cleanups. The Agency expects to
revise many of the existing agreements in 1998 due to decisions of the Federal
Facilities Environmental Restoration Dialogue Committee, national budget
constraints and changes in cleanup goals at Federal facilities. The Agency will
assist Federal agencies and sites in controlling costs and in obtaining
regulatory flexibility. The Program Component will recpaest $9,812,500 and 121.4
total workyears for legal support to and negotiation of Federal facility
agreements. ,
EXPLANATION OFCHANGE: -14.9FTE -S5.460.6K
The Superfund Compliance Assurance Program Component will redirect
$2,508,600 and 19.3 total workyears from this component into the Encouraging PRP
Response/Enforcement Fairness component to support Agency efforts toward
achieving equitable share settlements. The Program Component will also disinvest
a total of $1,842,000 from compliance monitoring. As the Program Component moves
toward achieving more fair share cleanup agreements, EPA anticipates less non-
compliance with such agreements and thus a reduced investment should be
sufficient to maintaining a credible enforcement presence."
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The Program Component will also invest a total of $954,000 and 4.4 total
workyears to assist Federal agencies in controlling costs and to allow regulatory
flexibility, as recommended by the Federal Facilities Environmental Restoration
Dialogue Committee's final report.
Additional adjustments reflect revised calculations to support the
workforce.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $23,184,600 and 200.5 total workyears for
the Superfund Compliance Assurance Program Component.
In 1997, the Compliance Assurance Program Component is providing a total
of $9,008,800 and 67.0 total workyears to monitor compliance with Remedial
Investigation/removal orders and negotiated cleanup agreements. The Program
Component is also providing $1,072,800 and 13.8 total workyears to pursue
enforcement actions against non-complying parties.
The Program Component is devoting a total of $10,133,500 and 121.1 total
workyears to Federal facilities. The Program Component is continuing to
promulgate Federal facility sites for the NPL. There are currently 155 Super fund
'Federal facilities on the .NPL. EPA expects approximately 12 Federal .facility
sites to be listed during 1997. EPA negotiates and provides legal support to
lAGs/Federal Facility Agreements for these sites, as well as for the 30 which
currently lack agreements. The Program is continuing to work with various
Federal agencies to assure compliance levels are maintained at Federal facility
cleanups.
CBRCIA CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $5,506,200 and 37.1 total workyears in 1998
for the Superfund Criminal Enforcement Program Component.
The goal of the Superfund Criminal Enforcement Program Component is to
bring to bear the strongest possible sanctions for egregious violations of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund) .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Superfund Criminal Enforcement Program Component requests $3,554,800
and 26.9 total work years to support criminal investigations. The Program
Component's criminal investigators (also known as special agents) are stationed
in 37 locations nationwide. Special agents will pursue investigative leads of
Superfund violations, develop information to support grand jury inquiries and
decisions, and refer leads to other agencies or purse joint investigations as
appropriate. Cases are referred to the U.S. Attorney's Offices or the Department
of Justice for prosecution, with special agents serving as key witnesses in these
judicial proceedings. In 1998, the Program Component will initiate an estimated
82 cases resulting in 39 referrals.
Headquarters staff will provide overall direction for the Superfund
Criminal Enforcement Program Component, coordinating with the Special Agents-in-
Charge across the county to meet national and regional priorities. Staff will:
review, analyze and evaluate the development of criminal investigations including
undercover operations; develop national Superfund criminal enforcement and
investigative procedures to ensure uniform, fair and appropriate enforcement
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responses to Superfund violations; and interact at the national level with the
Department of Justice (DOJ) and other law enforcement agencies to support the
Agency's mission and goals.
Forensic technical support for Superfund criminal cases will be supported
by $1,897,500 and 9.6 total workyears. The National Enforcement Investigations
Center (NEIC) will provide evidence collection and lab analysis, computer
forensics support to detect environmental data fraud, and graphics and report
services to communicate environmental findings in the courtroom,
In 1998, the Criminal Enforcement Program Component (in conjunction with
DOJ's Environmental Crimes Section) will build upon 1997 development efforts to
fully establish the Joint Center for Strategic Environmental Enforcement - an
elite team of experts who will perform profile-based screening of potential
criminal enforcement cases. Specialists in information systems and criminal
investigative techniques will collaborate to initiate leads based on access to,
and analysis of, sophisticated criminal law enforcement databases. Products from
the Center, including investigation packages by sector, industry, or geographic
area and analyses which identify patterns of suspected criminal behavior, will
be used by field investigators to initiate leads of high priority cases.
The program will direct $53,900 and 0.6 total workyears to provide legal
support for the Superfund Enforcement program. Legal staff 'will review civil
referrals considered appropriate for criminal actions and participate in the
development of statutes and regulations to ensure that they incorporate clear
requirements that are criminally enforceable.
BXPIANATION OF CHANGE; ^0_,3 FfE -S19.3K
The Superfund Criminal Enforcement Program Component is disinvesting 0.3
total workyears due to administrative reforms in consolidation, automation, and
process improvements.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,525,500 and 37.4 total work years for
the Superfund Criminal Enforcement Program Component* Major activities within
the Program Component are: criminal .investigations and technical and legal
support for Superfund criminal cases.
The Program Component is supporting Superfund criminal investigations with
$3,555,900 and 26.9 total work years. Successful prosecution of criminal actions
sends a forceful deterrence message to the regulated community. In 1997, the
program is initiating an estimated 76 cases resulting in 33 referrals. The
Program Component is also placing a high priority on accelerating the hiring of
new criminal investigators required under the PPA, having staff complete the
mandatory training requirements, and
-------
based on access to, and analysis of, sophisticated criminal law enforcement
databases.
The Program Component is providing legal support for the Superfund Criminal
Enforcement Program Component with $76,700 and 0.9 total workyears. Legal staff
review civil referrals considered appropriate for criminal actions and
participate in the development of statutes and regulations to ensure that they
incorporate clear requirements that are criminally enforceable.
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um.J,i:jSL» SX&XES EHVXROHMEETX&Xi PROTEGCXOH
KM EWSSIDEHT'S BUDGES
HAZARDOUS 50B5XANCB RESPONSE TRUST FDHD
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NEW SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FIT 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
GENERAL COUNSEL
Media Legal 'Resources
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Non-media Legal Resources
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Management and Program Support
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,877-7
23.6
265.0
3.0
556.9
0.0
2,181.1
27.4
200.3
2,0
439.6
0.0
2,500.9
28.5
280.2
3.0
390.9
0.0
2,527.9
27.4
192.1
2.0
439.5
0.0
27.0
-1.1
-88.1
-1.0
46.6
0.0
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS;
FTE
2,698.6
26.6
2,821.0
29.4
3,172.0
31.5
3,159.5
29.4
-12.5
-2.1
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of ,$3,159,500 and 29.4 total workyears for
1998 in the Superfund Account for the Office of General Counsel (OGC).
These CERCLA activities are associated with the OGC and Offices of regional
Counsel (ORCs) mission of providing legal advice in the formulation of Agency
Superfund policy, and developing and implementing legal strategies to carry out
the Superfund policies set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law.
These activities include: identifying the full range of alternatives legally
available to policy makers at all levels, and the legal and policy implications
of those alternatives; recommending alternatives that take full advantage of
EPA's legal authority to effectuate the Superfund mission of the Agency;
participating during the development of regulations by reviewing legal
sufficiency and consistency; and providing legal advice and analysis.
The OGC and the ORCs also represent the Agency in CERCLA lawsuits in which
the Agency is sued. Most of these lawsuits are closely tied to the performance
of the Agency's mission, for example, suits to challenge an action the Agency has
taken, such as selecting a remedy at a Superfund site. Due to the highly
technical nature of EPA cases, EPA lawyers have historically played an active,
co-equal role with the Department of Justice (DOJ), a role recognized in a MOU
between DOJ and EPA.
Both OGC and the ORCs devote significant resources to Superfund activities,
including: reviewing and interpreting CERCLA regulations and guidance; providing
advice on CERCLA enforcement and settlement issues; conducting CERCLA defensive
and appellate litigation; providing guidance on remedies at particular sites and
advice on the scope of response authority under CERCLA; and providing Regions
with advice on state cooperative agreements, the use of the Fund, and providing
technical assistance. The ORCs provide extensive and comprehensive legal support
for Regional activities under CERCLA related to the clean-up of contaminated
sites. OGC and the ORCs provide extensive technical assistance interpreting
CERCLA. legal issues regarding existing regulations and state and tribal programs.
OGC CERCLA legal support applies not only to environmental issues under
CERCLA, but to all other requirements and laws applicable to the Superfund
operations of the Agency. This includes support to procurement, extramural
funding agreements, personnel law, property, ethics, and FOIA.
•
OGC and the ORCs provide extensive CERCLA technical assistance interpreting
legal issues to EPA program offices, the Regions, states. Tribes, and outside
parties. OGC provides legal support for: contracting, both during the
acquisition phase and the contract administration phase; claims by and against
the Federal government; issues related to CERCLA cooperative agreements,
interagency agreements, and other funding instruments,- appropriations law issues,-
and financial management matters.
OGC staff is directly involved in virtually all areas of Agency Superfund
activity pertaining to CERCLA financial management through advice and counseling,
analysis and drafting, and advocacy and litigation support. OGC plays an
indispensable role in maintaining integrity in our financial and resources for
the Superfund program.
OGC has, for a number of years, provided access to automated legal research
for Superfund activities via LEXIS. While this capacity has always been a
feature of OGC's budget, the service is provided to all Agency attorneys,
nationwide. LEXIS is available to not only OGC, but to the staff of the ORCs,
OECA, the Administrative Law Judges, and the Environmental Appeals Board.
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1997
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
DATA OUTPUT CHART
o OGC will provide legal counsel support for all Agency CERCLA
activities, including both environmental response actions and all
other Superfund activities necessary for the operation of the
program
o provide legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy
o Develop and implement legal strategies to carry out policies
set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law
o Participate in the development of regulations
o Assist in regulatory program implementation activities
o Provides support to state and tribal programs
o Conduct defensive litigation
o Draft and review legal documents
o Conduct or participate in Administrative hearings and actions
o Provide FOIA advice and conduct EPA's FQIA appeals decision process
o Conduct appropriate Ethics activities
o Provide support for general and information law issues, such as:
cooperative agreements, interagency agreements, procurements,
personnel, and information and intellectual property law
o OGC will provide legal counsel support for all Agency CERCLA
activities, including both environmental response actions and all
other Superfund activities necessary for the operation of the
program
o Provide legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy
o Develop and implement legal strategies to carry out policies
set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law
o Participate in the development of regulations
o Assist in regulatory program implementation activities
o Provides support to state and tribal programs
o Conduct defensive litigation
o Draft and review legal documents
o Conduct or participate in Administrative hearings and actions
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o Provide POIA advice and conduct BPA1s FOIA appeals decision process
o Conduct appropriate Ethics activities
o Provide support for general and information law issues, such as:
cooperative agreements, interagency agreements, procurements,
personnel, and information and intellectual property law
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MEPIA IiEGAL RESQPRCES
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total $2,527,900 and 27.4 total workyears in 1998 for
the Media Legal Resources -Superfund program component,
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The major activity within this program component is for legal support
associated with the CERCLA clean-up of contaminated sites, with a request of
$2,527,900 and 27,4 workyears. This program component presents the environmental
media activities under CERCLA associated with the OGC and ORCs mission of
providing legal advice in the formulation of Agency Superfund policy, and
developing and implementing legal strategies to carry out the Superfund policies
set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law.
Both OGC and the ORCs devote significant resources to Superfund activities,
including: reviewing and interpreting CERCLA regulations and guidance; providing
advice on CERCLA enforcement and settlement issues; conducting CERCLA defensive
and appellate litigation; providing guidance on remedies at particular sites and
advice on the scope of response authority under CERCLA; and providing Regions
with advice on state cooperative agreements, and providing technical assistance.
The ORCs provide extensive and comprehensive legal support for Regional
activities under CERCLA related to the clean-up of contaminated sites.
OF CHMfgls -1.1 FTB * $2 7. OK
This program component is increased $27,000 and reduced 1.1 total
workyears . The funding increase is due to higher personnel cost rates . The 1 . 1
total workyear reduction will reduce CERCLA legal support at Headquarters only.
Services for some lower risk CERCLA issues will be reduced.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $2,500,900 and 28.5 total workyears for
the Media Legal Resources -Superfund program component. The major activity within
this program component is for CERCLA legal support associated with the clean-up
of contaminated sites. The base programs for this component are the same in 1997
and 1998 . These activities are associated with the OGC and ORCs mission of
providing legal advice in the formulation of Agency Superfund policy and
developing and implementing legal strategies to carry out the Superfund policies
set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law. in addition, the OGC
and the ORCs represent the Agency in CERCLA lawsuits in which the Agency is sued.
NON-MEDIA LEGAL RESOURCES
gROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total $192,100 and 2.0 total workyears in 1998 for
the Non-Media Legal Resources -Superfund program component.
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities of this program component are legal support for Superfund
financial services. OGC and the ORCs provide legal support' to all of the
Agency's operations to ensure that they are conducted within the framework of the
law. This applies to not only environmental statutes, but to all other
requirements and laws applicable to the operation of the Agency. This includes
support to procurement, extramural funding agreements, personnel law, property,
ethics, and POIA.
This program component presents the non-media Superfund legal support
activities that enable OGC and the ORCs to carry out their mission of providing
legal advice in the formulation of Agency policy, and developing and implementing
legal strategies to carry out the Superfund policies set by the .Administrator,
within the framework of the law. These activities include: identifying the full
range of alternatives legally .available to policy makers at all levels and the
legal and policy implications of those alternatives; recommending alternatives
that take full advantage of EPA's legal authority to effectuate the mission of
the Agency; participating during the development of regulations by reviewing
legal sufficiency and consistency; and providing legal advice and analysis.
The OGC and the ORCs represent the Agency in lawsuits in which the Agency
is sued. OGC and the ORCs provide extensive technical assistance interpreting
legal issues to EPA program offices. Regions, states, tribes, and outside
parties. OGC provides legal support for: contracting, both during the
acquisition phase and the contract administration phase,- claims by and against
the Federal government; issues related to CERCLA cooperative agreements,
interagency agreements, and other funding instruments; appropriations law issues;
and financial management matters.
OGC staff is directly involved in virtually all areas of Agency activity
pertaining to financial management through advice and counseling, analysis and
drafting, and advocacy and litigation support. OGC plays an indispensable role
in maintaining integrity in our financial and resources programs.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -1.0FTE -SB8.IK
This program component is reduced $88,100 and l.o total workyear, which
will reduce OGC legal support to Agency CERCLA procurements, extramural funding
agreements, and FOIA.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $280,200 and 3.0 total workyears for the
Non-Media Legal Resources-Superfund program component. The major activity within
this program component is legal support for Superfund financial services. The
base programs for this component are the tsame in 1997 and 1998. These activities
are associated with the OGC and ORCs mission of providing legal advice in the
formulation of Agency Superfund policy and developing and implementing legal
strategies to carry out the Superfund policies set by the Administrator, within
the framework of the law. In addition, the OGC and the ORCs represent the Agency
in lawsuits in which the Agency is sued.
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MANAGEMENTAMD PROGRAM SUPPORT
19 98 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total $439,500 and no total workyears in 1998 for the
Management and Program Support-Superfund program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are the LEXIS legal research
service with a request of $433,800. This program component presents the CERCLA
management and program support resources for Superfund, which support the OGC and
ORC mission of providing legal advice in the formulation of Agency Superfund
policy, and developing and implementing legal strategies to carry out the
Superfund policies set by the Administrator, within the framework of the law.
OGC has, for a number of years, provided access to automated legal research
for Superfund activities via LEXIS, while this capacity has always been a
feature of OGC's budget, the service is provided to all Agency attorneys,
nationwide. LEXIS is available to not only OGC, but to the staff of the ORCs,
OECA, the Administrative Law Judges, and the Environmental Appeals Board.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: O.Q FTB +S48.6K
The increase is for LEXIS legal research services,.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $390,900 ..and no total workyears for the
Management and Program Support-Superfund program component. Major activities
within this program component are the LEXIS legal research service. The base
programs for this component are the same in 1997 and 1998.
6-53
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6-54
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STATES ENVZROlilMEHXA^ PROTECTION AGENCY
FJF98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTAHCE RESPONSE TRUST FOND
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FT 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA POLICY, PLANNING £ EVAL
Superfund
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
2,601.2
7.7
1,083.1
5.9
1,006.1
5.9
992.2
5.9
-13.9
0.0
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
2,601.2
7.7
1,083.1
5.9
1,006.1
5.9
992.2
5.9
-13.9
0.0
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SOPERFUND
OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $992,200 and 5.9 total workyears for 1998
in the Superfund Account for the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
(OPPE).
'These resources will assist the Superfund program in the development and
implementation of the President's Brownfields initiative as well as in
reauthorization analytical activities.
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OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
0 Conduct at least three infill re-development workshops.
O Complete model for industrial re-development of Brownfields sites
(industrial ecology model)
1997
o Complete three modules of SICM model
o Create small business relief proposals
o Provide Brownfields re-development prioritization tool
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SUPERFUND
1998 PROSRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $992,200 and 5.9 total workyears in 1998 for
Superfund for the OPPE.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities within this program component are Brownfields with a
request of $784,000 and 4.0 total workyears and Reauthorization activities with
a request of $208,200 and 1.9 total workyears.
OPPE will focus on brownfields redevelopment activities designed to
increase incentives to redevelop brownfields, promote infill and compact
development, and lessen greenfield development and sprawl. Specific activities
will include developing community tools for prioritizing brownfields
redevelopment, developing alternative financing for brownfields redevelopment,
and creating a series of case .studies on successful infill redevelopments that
emphasize brownfields, financing, public-private partnerships, and environmental
impacts. OPPE -will continue to perform purely essential reauthorization
analysis, including building upon our successful brownfields redevelopment tax
incentive work. OPPE work in this program component directly supports the
legislative activities and the initiatives promoted by the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.
OF CHANGE;,, tLJLJTE -$13.igK
OPPE will absorb this reduction through administrative efficiencies.
1997 PRQSRAM REQUEST
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,006,100 and 5.9 total workyears for
the Superfund program component. Major activities within this program component
are Brownfields with an allocation of $808,800 and 4.0 total workyears and
Reauthorization activities with an allocation of $197,300 and 1.9 total
workyears .
OPPE conducts critical analyses and develops analytic tools to assess the
integrated costs and impacts of Superfund legislative, administrative, and policy
implementation proposals. Such analyses includes environmental benefits such as
public health, benefits derived from market studies, economic redevelopment, and
ecological benefits, OPPE completes a comprehensive and integrated cost modeling
tool for the Superfund program that considers risk and remedy selection, cost
allocation and liability, budget and revenue, operation and maintenance, private
sector and state costs, including transactions, natural resource damages, and
federal facilities- OPPE develops policies, incentives, and tools for community-
based efforts to spur the cleanup"and redevelopment of brownfields. OPPE employs
alternative regulatory approaches, particularly among Empowerment Zones and
Enterprise Communities, to encourage more brownfields cleanup. Finally, OPPE
continues to work with the private sector, other Federal agencies and state and
local entities to collaboratively remove obstacles to and create incentives for
brownfields redevelopment.
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UNITED STATES EHVIRONMENTAI. PROTECTION AGEHCY
FSTSB PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FOND
PROGRAM COMPONENT
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
M. SOLID WASTE E EMERQ RESPONSE
Abandoned Site Response
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Superfund Federal Agency Partners
TOTAL .DOLLARS
FTES
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
949,277.4
1,436.3
117,9,49.1
0.0
902,291.0
1,533.6
115,939.7
0.0
905,108.6
1,482.0
126,939.0
0.0
1,594,721.7
1,585.8
122,359.7
0.0
689,613,1
103.8
-4,579.3
0.0
HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
1,067,226.5 1,018,230.7 1,032,047.6 1,717,081.4 685,033.8
1,436.3 1,533.6 1.4B2.0 1,585.8 103.8
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUPERFUND
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $1,717,081,400 and 1,585.8 total workyears
for 1998 in the Superfund Account for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response (QSWER).
Uncontrolled releases of hazardous waste put public health and the
environment at risk. These releases result in soil that is unsafe to live, work
and play on, water that is unfit to drink, and air that is dangerous to breathe.
Since 1980, over 40,000 reports of hazardous waste sites that could pose risks
to public health and the environment have been submitted to the Agency for
evaluation and, where warranted, cleanup. Almost 1,400 of these sites have been
placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) , an inventory of the Nation' s worst
sites. In addition to the long-term cleanups of the Nation's worst sites, the
Agency receives reports of hundreds of sites and incidents that require immediate
response each year.
The mission of the Superfund program is to reduce the risk to people and
the environment by promoting the cleanup of the Nation's hazardous waste problems
in an efficient, fair, and effective manner. The cleanup of sites will be
prioritized in order to assure that the worst sites are addressed first. The
Superfund program will work in partnership with other -federal agencies, state,
local, and tribal governments, the surrounding communities, responsible parties,
and other stakeholders and will leverage both public and private resources to
accomplish this mission. This comprehensive approach helps the program identify
and clean up sites. By the end of 1996, there were 410 NPL sites with cleanup
completed and 95% of the sites on the NPL with cleanup underway.
In support of the Agency's goal for Safe Waste Management, the top
Superfund program objective in 1998 will be the President's Kalatnazoo proposal
to accelerate- the toxic waste cleanups by doubling the pace of construction
completions, and restore hope to communities through Brownfield redevelopment.
Specifically, in 1998 the Superfund program aims to complete 80 construction
completions and expand support for state and local efforts to revitalize
brownfields with approximately 100 community cleanup revolving loans,
In addition to significantly increasing site cleanups, the Superfund
program will continue expanding our environmental partnerships and empowering
stakeholders. OSW1R will continue to provide leadership and assistance to state
and local governments for emergency hazardous substance releases to the
environment. The Brownfields effort will empower states, communities, .and other
stakeholders to work together in a timely manner to prevent, assess, safely
cleanup, and reuse brownfields.
To ensure continuous progress, EPA will measure the success in achieving
its mission. To do this the Superfund .program has established objectives and
subobjactives to assess performance in its major program areas; response,
enforcement, brownfields redevelopment, federal facilities, community
involvement, and state/tribal.
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ABANDONED SITE CLEANUP
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998 Annual Cumulative
o Early Actions {NPL and Non-NPL)
Fund Financed: 136 ' 3,468
PRP Response: 79 1,188
o Sites Placed on NPL: 30 1,447
o Remedial Designs (Projects)
Fund Financed Completions 66 556
New and Subsequent Starts: 28
Ongoing: 125
PRP Response Completions 143 976
New and Subsequent Starts: 90
Ongoing: 205
o Remedial Actions (Projects)
Fund Financed Completions: 49 368
New and Subsequent Starts: 57
Ongoing: 125
PRP Response Completions: 125 648
New and Subsequent Starts: 133
Ongoing: 250
O Federal Facilities Completions: 50 238
First/Subsequent/Final Starts: 70
Ongoing: 175
o Sites with Construction Completion: 80 555
o Sites Deleted from NPL: 50 225
o Sites Archived from CERCLI.S: 1,500 32,000
o Brownfields Grants: 181 321
o Technical Assistance Grants: 20 228
o Community Advisory Groups: 15 59
o Restoration Advisory Boards/ 144
Site Specific'Advisory Boards ;
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1997 Annual Cumulative
o Early Actions (NPL and Non-NPL)
Fund Financed: 132 3,332
PRP Response: 77 1,109
o Sites Placed on NPL: 30 1,417
o Remedial Designs (Projects)
Fund Financed Completions 60 490
New and Subsequent Starts; 28
Ongoing: 125
PRP Response Completions 130 833
New and Subsequent Starts: 83
Ongoing: 205
o Remedial Actions (Projects)
•Fund Financed Completions: 41 319
New and Subsequent Starts? 21
Ongoing: • 100
PRP Response Completions: 104 523
New and Subsequent Starts: 90
Ongoing: 250
Federal Facilities Completions; 53 188
F.irst/Subsequent/Final Starts: 59
Ongoing: 157
o Sites with Construction Completion: 65 475
o Sites Deleted from NPL; 45 175
o Sites Archived from CERCLIS: 2,500 30,500
o Brownfields Grants: 64 140
o Technical Assistance Grants: 20 208
o Community Advisory Groups; 15 44
o Restoration Advisory Boards/ 144
Site Specific Advisory Boards '
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ABANDONED SITE CLEANUP
1998 PROGRAM
The Agency requests a total of $1,594,721,700 and 1,585.8 total workyears
in 1998 for the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Superfund program, today, is a fundamentally different program from the
Superfund of the 1980s and early 1990 ' s as the result of significant efforts to
reform and improve the program by all stakeholders . In 1998 , the efforts toward
a faster, fairer, more efficient Superfund will continue with the implementation
of the President's environmental commitment announced in Kalamazoo which further
strengthens the Agency's commitment to cleanup contaminated sites. This
initiative puts contaminated sites back into productive use and protects future
generations from unnecessary exposure to toxic waste releases . The 1998 program
activities will support the President's environmental commitment of 900 National
Priorities List (NPL) construction completions and expanded Brownfields
redevelopment efforts to communities nationwide.
The Superfund program tailors permanent, cost-effective solutions to the
most serious hazardous waste sites with the overarching goals of : protecting
human health and the environment; ensuring, where appropriate and fair, that
polluters pay the cost of cleanup; addressing the worst sites/worst problems
first; and emphasizing permanent remedies using innovative treatment
technologies .
Major activities within the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component
include Restoring Contaminated Sites ($1,448,150,100 and 1,416.6 total
workyears), Empowering States, Tribes and Local Governments ($120,664,600 and
111.4 total workyears), and Enhancing Citizen and Community Involvement
($25,907,000 and 57.8 total workyears) .
Res.fcoz'in.cf Contaminated Sites
Within the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component, the Agency requests
a total of $1,448,150,100 and 1,416.6 total workyears in 1998 for restoring
contaminated sites. These funds will be used to conduct and manage response
activities from initial assessment of sites to emergency and/or long-term cleanup
of sites at Federally and non-Federally owned or operated properties - Functions
within this activity include Assessing Contaminated Sites ($92,439,300 and 171.9
total workyears) , Preventing, Minimizing or Mitigating Significant Threats
($330,997,700 and 314.8 total workyears), and Long-Term Restoration of
Contaminated Sites ($876,843,000 and 496.5 total workyears). In addition, the
following functions provide assistance necessary for effective, direct site
cleanup: Engineering and Technical Analysis ($49,502,000 and 157.5 total
workyears); Response Management ($80,758,900 and 217.8 total workyears); and
Restoration of Federal Facilities ($17,609,200 and 58.1 total workyears).
The above resource distribution includes resources necessary to implement
the 1998 component of the President's environmental commitment to accelerate
Superfund toxic waste cleanups. The Agency will receive in 1998 the first of two
proposed installments to complete cleanup constructions at 900 NPL sites - two-
thirds of the NPL sites - through the year 2000. cleaning up these contaminated
sites will reduce the threat to human health and the environment and will allow
once contaminated land to be put back into economic reuse.
Assessing .. Contaminafegd^Jij^St - The Agency requests a total of $92,439,300
and 171.9 workyears for 1998 for assessing contaminated sites. These funds will
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be used to assess human health risks at sites brought to the Agency's attention
under the Federal Superfund program. These assessment determine the course of
Federal Superfund response actions, including removal and remedial actions.
The assessment process begins when states, Federally recognized Indian
tribes, citizens, other Federal agencies, or other sources notify the EPA
Superfund program of a potential or confirmed hazardous waste site or incident.
EPA confirms information and places those sites requiring further Federal
Superfund attention in the Agency's Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) database. In the case
of Federal facilities, sites are placed on the Federal Facility Hazardous Waste
Docket for assessment.
EPA manages site assessment activities, including necessary laboratory and
technical support, by directing a network of contractors, or by providing funding
for these activities to states and tribes through site assessment cooperative
agreements. EPA then evaluates site data to determine whether the site warrants
a removal action and/or placement on the National Priorities List (NPL) for long-
term cleanup. Approximately 10% of the sites assessed by Superfund lead to
Federal removal or remedial cleanup actions to reduce or eliminate risks to human
health and the environment. Based on the information collected and/or response
actions completed, the Agency may determine that no further remedial action is
appropriate under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA) authorities. The Agency then archives (removes) these
sites from the CERCLIS inventory- These sites may be referred to state or tribal
environmental authorities for further attention if warranted.
Although the number of new sites brought to the Agency's attention has
declined recently, EPA must address a large backlog of sites still needing
assessment to identify priority NPL candidates or to archive sites from CERCLIS
as appropriate. Final assessment decisions {NPL listing or archival) are needed
at many sites currently in the CERCLIS inventory, including Federally owned or
managed properties. To that end, under the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model
(SACM) initiative, EPA integrates remedial and removal assessment activities,
where possible, to reduce' costs and durations in an effort to utilize resources
most efficiently and effectively. Results have been encouraging with combined
preliminary assessment and site inspection durations declining 20 percent at SACM
sites.
EPA is re-examining its site assessment strategy in light of the increasing
role of states and tribes and the Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative.
Several new assessment initiatives are already underway to reinvent the site
assessment process and these efforts will continue as part of the Superfund
Administrative Reforms in 1998. Among these new initiatives are CERCLIS pre-
screening, Brownfields assessments, presumptive assessments, .and evaluating the
integration of industry-based assessments into the existing Federal process -
collectively referred to as innovative assessments. EPA's Technology Innovation
program also contributes to a more cost effective and efficient site assessment
and cleanup process by advancing the use of innovative site characterization and
remediation technologies.
With the 1998 Agency request, the Agency will conduct approximately 500
innovative assessments, 400 preliminary assessments, 350 site inspections, 30
hazard ranking system packages, and 25 accelerated remedial investigations to
assess and document the relative risk posed by released hazardous materials. As
a result of these activities, the Agency anticipates placing an additional 30
sites on the final NPL and archiving approximately 1,500 sites from the CERCLIS
inventory in 1998. The assessment activities accomplished with 1998 resources
will support the Agency in completing the maximum number of assessments by 2003,
consistent with the Government Performance and Results Act.
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Preventing., Minimizing or Mitigating Significant Threats ~ The Agency
requests a total of $330,997,700 and 314.8 total workyears for 1998 for
preventing, minimizing or mitigating significant 'threats to human health and the
environment. These funds will be used to prevent, reduce or mitigate the threats
posed by releases or potential releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants in emergency and non-emergency situations, generally referred to as
the removal program.
The Superfund program's first priority is to make sites safe for those who
live or work nearby. Such activities could include temporarily or permanently
relocating people, providing people with alternative drinking water, or
implementing site security measures. The removal program is responsible for
evaluating and providing quick response to immediate threats posed by the release
of or the potential ;relfease of hazardous substances, pollutants, and
contaminants, wherever and whenever they occur. A removal response action
enables EPA to provide a rapid and flexible response to reported health and
environmental hazards, stabilizing the site and reducing risks until longer-term
site cleanup is implemented, as necessary.
Removal response actions are generally short-duration, limited-cost
responses, overseen by EPA On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs) directing a network of
cleanup contractors, strategically placed throughout the country to provide
immediate cleanup capabilities. Typical situations requiring removal response
actions include fires or explosions, contamination of a drinking water supply,
and threats to people from exposure to hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants.
Of over 11,000 hazardous substance release notifications EPA receives
yearly, most do not require Federal removal response action. Private parties are
increasingly willing to voluntarily cleanup releases in an effort to show 'good
citizenship" within the communities in which they do business. Many states and
local governments have well-developed response or enforcement programs designed
to quickly .and efficiently address immediate threats and to ensure that
responsible parties pay for these cleanups. In these instances, EPA's role is
to provide on-scene and telephonic technical support. However, once state and
local authorities have exhausted all resources to address these threats or have
been unable to identify PRPs to undertake the removal response actions, EPA
remains the responder of last resort. Due to the time-critical nature of release
response, the number of PRP responses remains low. EPA will, therefore,
concentrate efforts on achieving more PRP participation in 1998. When a PRP can
be quickly identified and mobilized to respond, Trust Fund resources are saved,
leaving them to support other response actions.
In addition to conducting or directing removal response actions, EPA's
Environmental Response Team (ERT) provides technical support for removal response
actions performed by state and local responders and for responsible parties who
clean up sites voluntarily. Additionally, ERT uses the Trace Atmospheric Gas
Analyzer (TAGA), a mobile air monitoring vehicle to provide on-site, real-time
analytical support for assessment decisions and on-going remediation projects.
In 1998, the Agency will deploy a second mobile laboratory to address this vital
and growing need at the site of hazardous substance releases.
Within the Superfund Federal Facilities program, removal actions are
conducted by the Federal Agency who owns or manages the property. EPA often
provides technical assistance or oversight for removal actions at NPL sites. For
non-NPL sites, EPA provides oversight of removal actions only at the request of
the state or the community. EPA's oversight'of removals is critical to ensure
that the removal actions are not inconsistent with the final remedy selection for
the facility.
The Chemical Emergency Response program will continue to support strong
emergency response preparedness. This will provide the necessary emergency
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response capability to address the Nations's worst chemical accidents and
hazardous waste releases. EPA co-chairs the National Response Team (NRT) which
integrates the efforts of all Federal partners to jointly prevent, prepare for,
and respond to hazardous releases and emergencies. The NRT forms the foundation
for the network of Regional Response Teams and Local Emergency Planning
Committees which are the core of the national emergency response capability. In
1998, EPA will continue training and partnering initiatives to prepare national
and local authorities to respond in the case of a terrorist attack involving an
environmental threat. This effort provides a key role in meeting statutory and
Presidential requirements for Federal response planning.
With the 1998 Agency request for preventing, minimizing or mitigating
significant threats, EPA's priorities will continue to be the use of removal
response actions at emergency incidents where response is necessary within a
matter of hours (e.g., threats of fire or explosion), time-critical removals at
sites on the NPL to make these sites safe from immediate threats while they await
remedial action, and time-critical removals at non-NPL sites posing major public
health and environmental threats. Sites known to pose the greatest potential
risk to public health and the environment will receive priority.
'Resources in 1998 will support an estimated 215 emergency responses and
removals at both NPL and non-NPL sites. For each year through 2003, EPA will
either perform response actions or assist state, tribal, and local government
responders in performing response actions necessary to prevent, minimize or
mitigate significant threat to human health and environmental posed by releases
or potential releases of hazardous substance, pollutants, or contaminants in
emergency situations. EPA will continue to perform or assist in response actions
in non-emergency situations each year.
Long-Term Restoration of Contaminated S_j,tes - The Agency requests a total
of $876,843,000 and 496.5 total workyears for 1998 for Long-Term Restoration of
Contaminated Sites. Cleaning up NPL sites is a long, complex process that may
require millions of dollars and many years to complete. The sites typically have
multi-media contamination (soils, surface water, groundwater) from many different
chemicals 'and may encompass acres, or even miles of land. To -manage this
complexity, sites are .often divided into several manageable individual projects,
called operable units. Site work is performed and paid for by a variety of
parties including PRPs, EPA, states, and other Federal agencies. EPA's financial
involvement varies widely based on which party is taking the lead in cleanup
activities. As has historically been the case, long-term restoration of
contaminated sites will account for the largest single use of Abandoned Site
Cleanup funding in 19,98.
The restoration of sites begins, following assessment, with the feasibility
study (FS)which forms the foundation for the Record of Decision (ROD) . The ROD
codifies the remedy that is selected to abate ecological and human health risks
at a site, and addresses site conditions and proposed future land use. Public
involvement is a key component in selecting the proper remedy at a site, A
Remedial action (RA) is performed upon approval of the remedial design (RD) and
represents the actual construction or" other work necessary to implement the
remedy selected. Support from the United States Army Corp of Engineers and the
Bureau of Reclamation contribute 'to the direct cleanup at many sites. These
Federal partners implement most high-cost Fund-financed remedial actions, provide
on-site technical expertise, and ensure that project management is consistent
between Fund and PRP financed projects.
Many sites have more than one operable unit and each unit has to go through
the process from study to cleanup - commonly referred to as the pipeline. Once
construction is completed at an operable unit, operation and maintenance (O&M)
activities are initiated to ensure the cleanup methods are working properly and
the site remedy continues to be effective. Upon completion of O&M activities at
the final operable unit {usually a groundwater cleanup if the site has several
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contaminated media), the site is deleted from the NPL with state concurrence.
The final phase in long-term restoration is the performance of five-year reviews
to ensure the continued protectiveness of the remedy implemented.
For many years, the traditional measure of Superfund's progress was the
number of sites deleted from the NPL. However, Super/fund sites may remain on the
NPL for a. long time after actual construction is completed due to the long
duration of the final operational phase. For example, at some Superfund sites,
completion of groundwater plume restoration could take decades, even after risks
to the population have been controlled by providing an alternate water supply.
Because of this, Superfund has been measuring incremental site cleanup by
reporting cleanup goal attainment for site operable units, such as contaminated
soil or surface water. In this way, Superfund can report to the involved
communities that partial site cleanup has been achieved and the risks to the
people and the environment .of these media has been reduced. EPA established a
construction completion list to more accurately communicate progress towards NPL
site clean-ups. Generally, at a site at the construction completion milestone,
risks to human health and the environment have been controlled, but long-term
operation of a remedy is still underway. Through September, 1996, construction
has been completed at 410 of the 1,387 sites that had been placed on the NPL as
of the end of 1996.
Where appropriate, EPA works to get PRPs to pay for and conduct cleanups
at Superfund sites. By maximizing PRP participation, in conducting cleanups, EPA
is able to direct Trust Fund resources toward providing long-term protection at
sites where PRPs may not exist, cannot perform the work or do not have sufficient
funds to complete an action. Given the magnitude of Superfund Cleanups, PRP
participation is vital and has an enormous impact on the Trust Fund. On average,
the burden on the Trust Fund at a PRP lead site (in which PRPs pay for cleanup
under EPA, oversight) ranges in the hundreds of thousands of dollars while a site
lead by the EPA (in which EPA pays for cleanup) ranges in the millions of
dollars.
The Superfund Federal facilities response program will support the cleanup
of Federally owned or managed hazardous waste sites on the NPL. Activities to
achieve cleanup at these -sites include: removal consultation, RI/FS oversight
and technical assistance, ROD concurrence, remedial design concurrence, remedial
action technical assistance and oversight, facilitation of property transfer for
non-BRAC sites, Restoration Advisory Board/Site-Specific Advisory Board support
and partnering with states, tribes and other stakeholders. Many of these
activities are statutorily -mandated by CERCLA and the Defense Environmental
Restoration Act.
Resources in 1998 will support EPA's continued involvement at non-NPL sites
including Formerly Used Defense Sites (FDDS). Requests for EPA involvement at
non-NPL sites has increased over the past few years requiring more resources to
adequately address these sites. EPA's involvement includes working with the
community, providing letters of assurance to citizens on the protectiveness of
the response action, and providing technical assistance for removals and/or other
response activities. In 1998, resources will be used to ensure that EPA is
involved at these sites where its presence has been specifically requested.
The Agency will continue implementing Superfund Administrative Reforms
which impact long-term restoration of contaminated sites in 1998. This includes:
continuing the efforts of the National Risk-Based Priority Panel which is charged
to implement a national priority scheme to maximize risk reduction; incorporating
standardized remedies .known as presumptive remedies to -eliminate the need for
costly studies and assessments likely to yield the same remedy previously
selected for similar sites; considering future land use to select more realistic
and cost-effective remedies while maintaining protective levels; and maintaining
the National Remedy Review Board to review high-cost cleanup plans prior to final
remedy selection and consider protective, cost-effective alternatives.
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These reforms also will help reduce the length of time it takes to conduct
long-term restoration of contaminated sites. For example, municipal landfill
presumptive remedies are expected to realize a 36 percent to 55 percent time
savings at pilot sites. EPA anticipates full implementation of Superfund
administrative reforms will yield a 25 percent or better reduction in the time
required to clean up applicable sites.
The Agency expects approximately 200 cleanup projects will be ready for
construction beginning in 1998. These projects, not yet funded yet eligible for
construction, will provide some of the additional candidates needed to achieve
the President's goal of reaching 900 construction completions through the year
2000,
Fund-lead activities in 1998 will include approximately 8 FSs; 100 RODs;
28 new and subsequent, and 125 ongoing RDs; and 57 new and subsequent, and 125
ongoing R&s. Oversight of PRP actions will be included at approximately 90 new
and subsequent, and 205 ongoing RDs; and 133 new and subsequent, and 250 ongoing
RAs. Federal facility-lead activities in 1998 will include the initiation of
approximately 25 combined RI/FSs, and the completion of 90 RQDs and 50 RAs.
Also, there will be approximately 300 ongoing RI/FSs, 80 ongoing RDs, 70 first
and 'Subsequent RA starts, and 175 ongoing RAs at Federal facilities in 1998. The
Agency plans to complete cleanup at 80 construction sites in 1998, continue to
prioritize long term action work to address the worst sites first, and maximize
progress toward reaching the goal of 900 NPL construction completions through the
year 2000. In addition, the Superfund program will protect human health and the
environment by implementing reforms to reduce or 'maintain the time and costs
required to reach and implement protective response action decisions.
Within the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component, the Agency requests
a total of $120,664,600 and 111.4 total workyears in 1998 for empowering states,
tribal governments, and local governments. These -funds will be used to develop
and enhance these entities' capabilities in carrying out abandoned site cleanup
activities. Functions within this activity include Capacity Building for States
and Tribes ($29,163,900 and 14.8 total workyears), Brownfields ($86,353,100 and
57.0 total workyears), and Restoration of Federal Facilities ($5,147,600 and 39.6
total workyears). This resource distribution includes resources necessary to
expand'the President's Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative.
Superfund state and tribal activities increase the resources available for
direct cleanup of sites. Funding provided to states and tribal governments,,
through cooperative agreements, is used to assess and clean up hazardous waste
sites in* their jurisdictions. These activities work to leverage state and tribal
programs and are consistent with government reinvention initiatives and Agency
efforts to move cleanup programs closer to the affected citizens. To strengthen
these efforts further, the Agency will continue to enter into agreements with
states to conduct remedy selection , at certain NPL sites, giving them
significantly more control over site cleanup decision-making.
It is clear that the Federal Superfund program addresses only a fraction
of the total universe of sites that are cleaned up through the combined efforts
of EPA and other Federal, state, tribal and local governments. There is broad
consensus that states and tribal governments should have an increased role in
implementing Superfund. In response, Superfund reforms are aimed at promoting the
growth and sufficiency of state and tribal • programs. EPA looks forward to
working with our partners in developing the framework to provide states/tribal
governments the opportunity to address the full range of sites for which they
have the needed response capacity, while offering financial and technical support
to further enhance existing hazardous waste programs.
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Since the early 1980's, states have been a party to Federal Facility
Agreements/Interagency Agreements. State Involvement has been substantial in the
planning and scoping phases of restoration. The Federal Facility program will
continue to promote and foster the use of partnerships in addressing cleanup
issues at Federal facilities. Federal facility restoration staff also provide
training to the states, tribal governments and other Federal agencies which
allows them to actively participate in the oversight process.
To increase the technological base available to all Superfund stakeholders,
the Agency develops innovative characterization and remediation technologies for
use in cleaning up contaminated sites, and promotes the removal of institutional
marketplace barriers associated with site assessment and cleanup technologies to
help reclaim land faster, better, and more cheaply.
Capacity Building for States and Bribes. - The Agency requests a total of
$29,163,900 and 14.8 total wprkyears for 1998 for building Superfund program
capacity within states and tribal governments. Through the award of Core Program
Cooperative Agreements, EPA provides non-site-specific funding for states and
tribal governments to develop and maintain needed capacity for managing and
implementing CERCLA responses.
Core Program Cooperative Agreements are used to help states and tribal
governments develop legal authorities and regulations, hire and train staff, and
implement hazardous waste cleanup programs. Through these agreements, states and
tribal governments will continue to develop the infrastructure needed to select
protective remedies and to cleanup NPL sites which are listed because of the
major threat they pose to human health and the environment. To improve
timeliness and effectiveness of the cooperative agreement process, the Agency is
working with states and tribal governments to identify options and opportunities
to consolidate the Superfund award process through block funding as part of the
Agency's Superfund Administrative Reforms.
With the 1998 Agency request, EPA will award Core Program Cooperative
Agreements to at least 47 states and 55 Federally recognized Indian tribes. By
2003, EPA will significantly enhance the role of states and tribal governments
in implementing Superfund by developing the framework to provide the maximum
number of states and tribal governments the opportunity to address the full range
of sites for which they have required response capacity, to take the lead at the
majority of new site responses, to pursue further NPL remedy decisions, and to
have effective enforcement programs and authorities to recover response costs and
force unwilling PRPs to undertake appropriate response action.
Brownfields - The Agency requests a total of $86,353,100 and 57.0 total
workyears for 1998 to implement and expand the Brownfields Economic Redevelopment
Initiative as proposed by the President in Kalarnazoo. These funds will be used
to assist in the expansion of the current EPA Brownfields efforts, and provide
grants for assessment and the capitalization of revolving loan funds for cleanup
to cities, states and Federally recognized Indian tribes. Funds also will be
used to support maintenance and establishment of state voluntary cleanup
programs.
Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial
facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived
environmental contamination. Brownfields properties are not traditional
Superfund sites as they are not generally highly contaminated and present lesser
health risks. The program focuses on clarifying liability and cleanup issues,
providing funding for demonstration pilot projects, initiating partnerships with
key stakeholders and implementing job development and training programs. The
Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative is a comprehensive approach to
empower states, communities and other stakeholders interested in environmental
cleanup and economic redevelopment to work together to prevent, assess, safely
cleanup and sustainably reuse Brownfields.
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Over the last decade, several studies have indicated that minority, low-
income, or socially disadvantaged communities often bear a disproportionate level
of the environmental and health effects of pollution and hazardous waste. These
same communities are often most in need of environmental cleanup and economic
redevelopment. Environmental justice is a cornerstone principle in the Agency's
Brownfields program. Environmental justice projects and activities emphasize
risk characterization, sustainable development, and risk reduction.
The Superfund program will continue to provide both monetary and technical
assistance to local governments to develop Brownfields programs and to identify
various methods to return non-productive property to productive use. The 1998
request provides funding for assessment grants to 75 cities and grants for
capitalization of revolving loan funds for cleanup in 106 cities. The grant to
capitalize revolving loans funds is provided as follow-up to cities completing
their browfields pilot- assessment activities and will be used to attract
prospective purchasers to these blighted properties. These pilots are being used
to develop information and strategies that promote a unified approach to site
assessment, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment at Brownfields sites.
To help assist in overseeing pilots and initiate other activities, the
Agency has established at least one Brownfields coordinator position in each
Region. EPA also has assigned five staff members to cities through inter-
governmental personnel agreements to assist in addressing the redevelopment
challenges present at the state and local levels. In 1998, the Agency will expand
staff to oversee the additional pilots, both assessment activities and loan fund
administration, and continue outreach to additional cities. In addition, the
request will support expansion of job training and workforce development
activities.
The request also provides additional funding to support the expansion,
enhancement and development of State voluntary cleanup programs. EPA provides
both monetary and technical/legal assistance to states and tribes developing and
enhancing Voluntary Cleanup Programs (VCPs), which are vital to address the
contaminated sites which do not require Federal action but need cleanup before
being'considered -for reuse. EPA believes that building strong and effective
state/tribal programs, such as VCPs, will complement efforts to address the
cleanup of Brownfields properties. The 1998 request provides a total of $15
million in funding for state and tribal capacity building programs.
EPA is also working with a number of other Federal agencies to form a.
consolidated approach to browfields problems. Currently, the Agency has signed
memoranda-of-understanding with the Department of Housing and Urban Development,
the Economic Development Administration in the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Labor, and the Department of Interior's National Park Service.
Enhancing Citizen and Community Involvement
Within the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component, the Agency requests
a total of $25,907,000 and 57.8 total wprkyears in 1998 for enhancing citizen and
community involvement activities. Functions within this activity include
Community Relations ($21,696,700 and 31.4 total workyears) and Federal Facilities
Stakeholder Involvement ($4,210,300 and 26,4 total workyears).
Community Re^ationg - The Agency requests a total of $21,696,700 and 31.4
total workyears in 1998 to perform community relations activities. These funds
will be used to continue promoting early, direct, and meaningful public
involvement in the Superfund cleanup process.-
Due to the significant impact a Superfund project has on a local community
and the lives of its residents, the Agency remains committed to the premise that
those residents have a right, if not a need, to be knowledgeable about the health
of their environment and to play an active role in reaching decisions about what
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will be done in their community. EPA will continue to help communities become
more informed and involved so that cleanup decisions make the most sense at the
community level.
Superfund community relations activities serve to encourage valuable
communication with affected citizens and public participation in the decision-
making process. The three main objectives of community relations are to: 1)
provide the opportunity for public comment and input to technical decisions; 2)
inform the public of planned or ongoing actions and keep them apprised. o.£ the
nature of the environmental problem, the threats it may pose, the responses under
consideration, and the progress being made; and 3) focus and resolve conflict.
Every phase of the technical schedule for site cleanup has corresponding
community relations requirements.
EPA also issues Technical Assistance Grants (TAGs) to communities affected
by private and Federally owned Superfund sites. TAGs allow communities to
contract with independent technical experts and consultants to provide citizens
with information and support to be active, empowered participants in the site
decisions that affect their communities. Through 1996, 188 TAGs have been awarded
since the TAG program's inception in 1988. In 1998, the Agency plans to award 20
TAGS.
The Superfund Jobs Training Initiative addresses local employment and
career development needs by bringing together local employers, organized labor,
welfare agencies, educational institutions, service organizations and local state
and Federal agencies to provide job and worker training. These initiatives are
focused in communities with minority and low-income populations that bear a
disproportionate share of human health and environmental risks and economic
distress. The program uses the Department of Labor's registered apprenticeship
process as its foundation, and adds a support network for the apprentices to
enable them to fully participate in the apprenticeship.
Several new initiatives intended to improve community relations activities
are currently underway as part of the Superfund Administrative Reforms. These
include establishing Community Advisory Groups (CAGs), creating regional
Ombudsman positions in each EPA Region to serve as a point of contact for the
public and help resolve stakeholder concerns, simplifying the application and
administrative processes for Technical Assistance Grants (TAGs), and evaluating
community-based remedy selection and community-assisted risk assessments.
Resources in 1998 will be used to continue the Agency's efforts to involve
citizens and affected communities in the Superfund decision-making process and
understanding of risk and risk reduction. Approximately 29 CAGs had been
established by the end of 1996. In 1998 the Agency expects over 59 CAGs to be
active at Superfund sites. Community relations outreach efforts will continue
in 1998 and include activities such as guidance development, review and approval
of grant applications, training sessions, sponsoring or cosponsoring seminars and
conferences, and outreach tool preparation (i.e., public meeting notices, foreign
language translations, apprentice opportunities, and instructional site cleanup
videos).
Federal Facilities StakeholderInvolvement - The Agency requests a total
of $4,210,300 and 26.4 total workyears in 1998 for Federal Facilities stakeholder
involvement activities. EPA is aggressively working with other Federal agencies
responsible for conducting and overseeing cleanup to ensure public stakeholders
and local governments are strong partners in the Federal facility cleanup
decision-making and priority-setting process. "The overall goal of these efforts
is to ensure that Federal facility cleanup decisions and priorities reflect a
broad spectrum of stakeholder input from affected communities including
indigenous peoples, low-income communities, and people of color.
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Examples from communities around the Nation demonstrate that involving
communities early and often in the decision-making process enables public
stakeholders to help agencies make cost-efficient decisions that lead to faster
cleanups. The Superfund Federal facilities response program is committed to
involving communities in all decision-making processes and recognizes that input
from Restoration Advisory Boards/Site-Specific Advisory Boards (RABs/SSABs) has
been essential to making sound response decisions and, in some cases, reducing
costs. Resources in 1998 will provide direct support to SSABs/RABs and the
implementation of the Federal Facilities Invironmental Restoration Dialogue
Committee's final report. By 2003, 1PA will establish a functioning SSAB/RAB at
100 percent of DoD and DOE NPL and non-MPL BRAG Fast Track Installations where
the affected community has expressed an interest.
Taken together the major activities and goals of the Superfund Response
program presented not only articulate the program's mission -- to reduce risk to
people and the environment by promoting the cleanup of the Nation's hazardous
waste problems in an efficient, fair and effective manner -- but outlines the
partnerships, process and resources necessary to achieve the program' s long term
goal -- to ensure that sites contaminated by hazardous substances, pollutants or
contaminants will not endanger .people or the environment. By focusing the
Superfund Response program of today, the efforts will result in the long-term
protection of the environment for future generations and the economic 'benefit of
bringing properties back into productive use.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: -» 103.8 FTS * S689.613.1K
The Agency's 1998 request for Abandoned Site Cleanup reflects a net program
increase of approximately 77% due to the President's environmental commitment.
The investment will focus program activities to complete cleanup at 900 NPL
sites? thus reducing the risks of toxic dumps to the American public. In
addition, the proposal will allow the Superfund program to expand its commitment
of seed monies for states and local governments in the Brownfields Economic
Redevelopment Initiative.
To achieve 900 NPL construction completions through, the year 2000 and
maintain projects through the Superfund pipeline, the Agency will invest 1998
resources to focus program activities. This focus involves increases in direct
site management, enforcement fairness initiatives, sampling and analysis to
support site cleanup, contracts and information management, and emergency
response and risk reduction. Through these investments, EPA restates its
emphasis on risk reduction and aggressively doubles the number of sites which
will reach completion in this shortened time frame. Through this effort in 1998,
the Agency will begin an additional 150 cleanup projects, complete an additional
15 sites, and lay the groundwork for 250 additional site cleanups through the
year 2000.
The Brownfields investment builds on previous assessment-driven cooperative
agreements. The Agency will provide grants for assessments and capitalization
of revolving loan funds for cleanup, fco include 300 cities the year 2001, to
achieve program goals of environmentally sound economic redevelopment of
Brownfields properties. Additional increases to build state Voluntary Cleanup
programs will result in a larger universe of properties entering cleanup with the
goal of reuse and redevelopment. These increases offer direct support to
environmental justice efforts nationwide, reducing the risks to vulnerable,
disadvantaged communities.
All 1998 increases in Abandoned Site Cleanup are directed to improve the
cleanup capacity of the program and to invest in the program infrastructure
necessary to address the fundamental reforms underway program-wide. The goals
of EPA investments for 1998 are increased site cleanup, better and more wide-
ranged data support, and strong and substantive community involvement.
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1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's -budget is a total of $905,108,600 and 1,482.0 total workyears
for the Abandoned Site Cleanup program component. Major activities within this
program component include Restoring Contaminated Sites ($818,537,700 and 1,338.7
total workyears), Empowering States, Tribes and Local Governments ($64,088,400
and 86.0 total workyears), and Enhancing Citizen and Community Involvement
($22,482,500 and 57.3 total workyears).
Restoring
The 1997 Agency budget for Restoring Contaminated Sites is
$818,537,700 and 1,338.7 total workyears. Subactivities within this activity
include Assessing Contaminated Sites ($92,439,300 and 171.8 total workyears),
Preventing, Minimizing or Mitigating Significant Threats ($268,184,800 and 302.6
total workyears), and Long-Term Restoration of Contaminated Sites ($320,840,300
and 435.7 total workyears) . In addition, the following subactivities, in whole
or in part, provide functions and assistance necessary for effective, direct site
cleanup: Engineering and Technical Analysis ($43,228,900 and 155.8 total
workyears); Response Management ($79,827,900 and 216.2 total workyears); and
Restoration of Federal Facilities ($14,016,500 and S6.6 total workyears).
The Agency assesses contaminated sites to identify and document the
relative risks posed by uncontrolled releases of hazardous materials. In 1997,
the Agency will conduct approximately 511 innovative assessments, 425 preliminary
assessments, 354 site inspections, 30 hazard ranking system packages, and 28
accelerated remedial investigations. Site screening and assessment activities
assess whether a site poses public health or environmental risks that warrant
Federal actions as well as the best course of action for each site. In 1997,
approximately 10 percent of these investigations will lead to Federal removal or
remedial cleanup actions to reduce or eliminate risks. Based on these
activities, the Agency anticipates placing an additional 30 sites on the National
Priorities List (NPL) and archiving approximately 2,500 sites from the CERCLIS
inventory in 1997.
In order to maximize risk reduction in 1997, sites known to pose the
greatest potential risk to public health and the environment will receive
priority. The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) will streamline and
integrate the discrete . site assessment activities to most efficiently use
resources and maximize the number of sites addressed. The Agency will follow
Administrative Reforms to ensure that prior response actions that reduce site
risk are considered when listing sites on the NPL in 1997 .
In 1997, the primary goal of the Superfund program is to prevent, minimize
or mitigate significant threats to human health and the environment posed by
releases or potential releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants in emergency and non-emergency situations. Response in these
situations may include early action activities such as stabilization,
containment, and cleanup of hazardous materials on sites, and when necessary,
evacuation of at-risk populations. Resources in 1997 will support an estimated
209 emergency responses and removals at both NPL and non-NPL sites. The request
supports both fund- lead and enforcement -lead removal activities as well as the
Environmental Response Team that responds to environmental disasters and provides
direct on-site technical advice and training to cleanup personnel nationwide.
Investigations in early actions will provide significant environmental and public
health benefits while increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the program.
Resources in ,1997 will provide significant environmental and public health
benefits to the efficiency and effectiveness of the overall Superfund program.
Emergency response and time-critical removals help safeguard " the environment and
the well-being of citizens living and working near dangerous hazardous waste
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sites. In 1997, the Agency's priority early actions will continue to be
emergencies involving incidents where response is necessary within a matter of
hours{ e.g., threats of fire or explosion}, time-critical removals at sites on
the NPL to make these sites safe from immediate threats while they wait remedial
action, and time-critical removals at non-NPL sites posing major health and
public environmental threats.
In 1997, the Chemical Emergency Response program will support a strong
program for emergency response preparedness activities. The Superfund readiness
and response personnel training activities will include emergency responses to
hazardous 'waste releases with the Environmental Response Team (ERT) and the
National Response Team Members in addition to worker safety training that will
be provided by the Agency and other supporting Federal agencies. These
activities will support a strong emergency response capability to address the
Nation's worst chemical accidents and hazardous waste releases. EPA will provide
training forge partnerships to prepare national and local authorities to respond
in the event of a terrorist attack involving an environmental threat. The On-
Scene Coordinator/Remedial Project Manager Support Program will ensure that new
Superfund personnel receive appropriate training in a timely manner. Training
will be expanded to include the most current information on remedy selection
reform and innovative technologies.
The Agency will bring innovative management strategies, technology, and
experience to bear long-term clean-up actions. Implementation of several
administrative reforms designed to improve the remedial site cleanup process will
continue. These include developing and selecting presumptive remedies to reduce
costs while speeding cleanup, maintaining a Remedy Review Board to promote high
quality low cost cleanup decision, reviewing and updating Records of Decisions
(RODs), and deleting parcels of certain NPL sites.
The Superfund Federal facilities response program will continue to support
the cleanup of Federally owned or managed hazardous waste sites on the NPL.
Activities to .achieve cleanup at these sites include: Removal consultation,
remedial investigation/feasibility study {RI/FS) technical assistance, ROD
concurrence, remedial design (RD) concurrence, remedial action (RA) technical
assistance and oversight, Restoration Advisory Board/Site-Specific Advisory
Boards support and partnering with states, tribes and other stakeholders. Many
of these activities are statutorily mandated by CBRCLA and the Defense
Environmental Restoration Act.
Fund-lead activities in 1997 will include approximately eight FSs; 80 RODs;
28 new and subsequent, and 125 ongoing RDs; and 21 new and subsequent, and 100
ongoing RAs. Potentially responsible parties (PRP) oversight actions will be
included at approximately 83 new and subsequent, and 205 ongoing RDs; and 90 new
and subsequent, and 250 ongoing RAs. Federal facility-lead activities in 1997
will include approximately 23 combined RI/FSs, 118 RODs, and 59 RAs. Also, there
will be approximately 364 ongoing RI/FSs, 91 ongoing RDs and 157 ongoing RAs at
Federal facilities in ,1997. In total, the Agency plans to complete cleanup at
65 NPL construction sites in 1997.
The Agency will prioritize long term action work to address the worst sites
first and to maximize progress toward reaching the Agency's goal of 650 NPL
construction completions by the end of year 2000. However, this goal has been
revised to be 900 NPL construction completions through the year 2000 due to the
President's environmental commitment. A priority setting panel will be supported
which will make risk based funding decisions regarding the pace and time of
cleanup efforts nationwide. The Agency will continue to aggressively pursue
participation in conduction Superfund long-term actions in 1997.
In 1997, resources for Engineering/Technical Analysis provide support to
perform necessary laboratory analysis, treatability studies, aerial/geological
surveys, health/ecological assessment, and tracking systems to support the
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decision making process for assessing and cleaning up sites. The Agency
anticipates completion of approximately 30 treatability studies in 1997. A
mobile Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA) provides on-site coverage throughout
the country to monitor air quality near incineration, soil excavation, and other
remedial action activities at NPL sites and provide timely data to communities
at Superfund site cleanups.
For the Year 2000, 1997 resources will provide testing and implementation
of new data management systems for reporting program measures which will .support
all Superfund stakeholders including states, tribal and local governments as well
as affected communities.
Empoweringstate,Tribes and Local Governments
The 1997 Agency budget for Empowering States, Federally recognized Indian
tribes, and local governments is $64,088,400 and 86.0 total workyears.
Subactivities within this activity include Capacity Building for state and Tribal
Governments ($23,138,800 and 14.4 total workyears), Brownfields ($36,100,000 and
32.0 total workyears), and Restoration of Federal Facilities ($4,849,600 and 39.6
total workyears).
The Superfund program partners with states, tribal governments, local
governments, and communities to involve, train, and assist in the cleanup of
hazardous waste sites. This will be achieved through grant monies, voluntary
cleanup programs, and delegation of site cleanup. Sites are returned to
productive use more effectively with more stakeholder involvement. In 1997, the
Agency's voluntary/partnership programs will focus on furthering voluntary
cleanup programs and delegation of site cleanup. The Agency will use cooperative
agreements with states and tribal governments to support local cleanup programs
which promote volunteer cleanup of contaminated sites. Funding for states and
tribal governments to establish their own programs to address sites of local
concern will be provided by Federal resources. These partnerships strengthen
local hazardous waste programs, increase the number of existing sites that will
be remediated each year, and reduce the number of cleanup states, tribal
governments, and the Agency will eventually conduct•. These partnerships are also
consistent with government reinvention initiatives and Agency efforts to rnOve
cleanup programs closer to the affected citizens.
The Federal facility Superfund response program promotes and fosters the
use of partnerships in addressing cleanup issues at Federal facilities. EPA
conducts joint planning sessions with both DoD and DOE. These sessions allow EPA
and DoD or DOE to plan and prioritize cleanup milestones and resource needs.
State, local and tribal governments are invited to these sessions and actively
participate. Federal facility restoration personnel also provide training to
state and tribal partners to foster active participation in the oversight of
Federal facility cleanup activities. Training for other Federal agencies
provides information regarding cleanup requirements.
Superfund capacity-building activities are conducted in partnership with
states and tribes and directly contribute to the cleanup of Superfund sites.
These activities strengthen state and tribal hazardous waste programs and improve
the efficiency and effectiveness of the Nation's overall 'hazardous waste response
capability. The partnership activities are funded through cooperative agreements
and include hazardous waste response program development and site assessment work
at potential HPL sites.
in 1997, the Agency will provide basic financial support and award Core
Program Cooperative Agreements to at least 47 states and 55 tribes. These funds
will help our partners develop legal authorities and regulations, hire and train
staff, and implement hazardous waste cleanup programs. In addition, the Agency
will enter into 48 site assessment cooperative agreements to address hundreds of
hazardous waste sites across the country. These site assessment cooperative
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agreements help develop strong state and tribal programs which are taking on a
growing proportion of site assessment work.
Resources in 1997 will continue to support the Brownfields Economic
Redevelopment Initiative. These funds will empower our partners, including
states, tribes and communities, to assess, cleanup, and reuse former Brownfields
sites. This initiative will encourage voluntary cleanup of sites by clarifying
liability and cleanup issues, .providing funding for demonstration pilot projects,
initiating partnerships with key stakeholders, and implementing job development
and training programs .
In 1997, the Agency will award an additional 35 cooperative agreements to
states, local government, or Federally recognized tribal governments for up to
$200,000 each, bringing to 110 the total number of communities under the Agency's
pilot program. These grants provide incentives and seed money for environmental
assessment of properties. This one-time Federal funding for site assessment
spurs community efforts to clean up, redevelop, and reuse these sites. The
Agency will also provide guidance initiate follow-up cleanup funding to up to
$350,000 each to capitalize revolving loan funding programs for 29 pilot
recipients who completed the initial Brownfields pilot stage.
The 1997 budget also includes additional funds for the Agency to help
address cleanup and to develop state voluntary cleanup programs. An expanding
number of states have created and operated voluntary cleanup programs for
Brownfields sites, and these programs had been very responsive to the unique
needs of these sites .
The Agency will work closely with all stakeholders involved in the program
through outreach, technical assistance, and information sharing- The Agency will
support the National Environmental Justice Advisory Counsel Waste and Facility
Siting Subcommittee which provides recommendations from multiple stakeholder
groups into their process of economic redevelopment. The Agency also will work
with other Federal agencies to leverage available resources so that communities
and stakeholders are best served. These efforts are important components of the
Agency's overall goal of developing creative solutions among all parties to
address Brownfields sites.
Enhancing Citizen and Comn'TOJlt
The 1997 Agency budget for Enhancing Citizen and Community Involvement is
$22,482,500 and 57.3 workyears. Subactivities within this activity include
Community Relations ($18, 451 ,500 and 30.9 total workyears) and Federal facilities
Stakeholder Involvement ($4,031,000 and 26.4 total workyears).
Superfund community relations activities serve to encourage valuable
communication with affected citizens and public participation in the decision-
'making process. EPA issues Technical Assistance Grants (TAGs) to communities
affected by Superfund sites which apply. TAGs allow communities to contract with
independent technical experts and consultants to provide citizens with
information and support to be active, empowered participants in the site
decisions that affect their communities. The Agency also plans to award 20 TAGs
in 1997.
Superfund Administrative Reforms are being implemented in 1997 to -improve
community relations activities. These reforms include establishing additional
Community Advisory Groups (CAGs) to help inform citizens of actions being taken
at Superfund sites in their communities. « Approximately 29 CAGs had been
established by the end of 1996 and the Agency plans to award 15 in 1997.
In 1997, EPA will continue to ensure that Federal facility cleanup
decisions and priorities reflect a broad spectrum of .stakeholder input from
affected communities including indigenous peoples, low- income communities, and
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people of color. The Superfund Federal facilities response program is committed
to involving communities in all decision-making processes.
SPPERFUND FEDERAL AGENCY PARTNERS
199 8 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $122,359,700 for 1998 in the Superfund
Federal Agency Partners program component.
An important part of the Agency ' s Superfund program is the integration
of the efforts of other Federal agencies to perform essential services in
areas where the Agency does not possess the needed specialized expertise. The
Agency manages an interagency budget process under Executive Order 12580,
signed by the President in January 1987 with the Departments of Health and
Human Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor, and the
Federal Emergency Management Agency. The major activities within this program
component are the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
($48,526,700), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
($64,000,000), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ($650,000),
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ($2,432,000), the
Department of Interior ($850,000), the United States Coast Guard ($4,801,000),
and the Federal Emergency Management Agency ($1,100,000) .
SiipgrJiio_d_I»t.eragency ...... Agrfiuamants - Health, and Human Services: ATSDR. NIKHS
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) will
provide technical support and expertise as required under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) , as amended,
to protect public health and to determine human health impacts associated with
hazardous substances. In 1998, ATSDR will receive $25,991,000 to conduct
public health assessments, consultations and site specific activities at NPL
and non-NPL sites; $18,221,000 to maintain and upgrade a National Exposure
Registry, conduct surveillance and health studies at NPL and non-NPL sites;
and $11,474,000 to assess and evaluate data on releases of hazardous
substances to analyze current or future impacts on public health and maintain
toxicology data for chemicals found at Superfund sites .
In addition, ATSDR will receive $8,314,000 to provide health education
to health care providers > local and national health organizations, and state
and local health departments. ATSDR also will maintain a listing of areas
closed to the public because of toxic contamination; maintain an inventory of
literature, research, and studies on health effects of toxins; provide testing
to with known or suspected exposure; develop and maintain toxicological
profiles; provide consultation on environmental health issues; and provide
community and physician education on health issues related to Superfund sites
and contaminants . The Agency anticipates that an additional 150 construction
starts in 1998 will heighten the awareness of the citizenry surrounding
Superfund sites on potential health effects. ATSDR will receive $6 million as
part of the President's environmental initiative to accelerate Superfund
cleanups; these funds will be used to address community concerns regarding how
the implementation of cleanup designs affect 'their health and surrounding
environment .
In 1998, N1EHS will receive $23,000,000 for worker safety training
grants to not-for-profit institutions. Established in 1987, this highly
successful program trains workers and their supervisors currently or
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potentially engaged in activities related to hazardous substance removal,
containment, transportation, or emergency response. NIEHS training efforts
also include outreach to communities, government and industries, NIEHS also
will provide $25,526,700 to support the university-based research and
professional training grants program consisting of studies on (a) methods to
detect hazardous substances in the environment, (b) advanced techniques for
detection, assessment, and evaluation of the effects on human health presented
by hazardous substances, ® methods to assess the risks to human health
presented by hazardous substances, and (d) basic biological, chemical, and
physical methods to reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances.
Superfund Interaoencv Agreements - Labor:OSHA
' The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) will conduct
compliance assistance visits to review site safety as well as health plans and
programs. These visits are to ensure worker protection at Superfund sites.
OSHA also will provide outreach and technical assistance to EPA and other
Federal agencies and develop guidelines and procedures in the composition of
manuals for assessing safety and health at hazardous waste sites.
Superfund Interagency Agreements -Commerce; NOAft,
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will provide
scientific support to ensure actions are pursued responsibly and efficiently
to make sites safe in coastal and marine areas. NOAA has Coastal Resource
Coordinators (CRCs) in the appropriate EPA regional offices to provide
technical support in evaluating natural resource concerns at hazardous waste
sites affecting coastal and marine resources. The CRCs work with EPA in
support of Superfund removal or remedial actions,- determine the severity of
risk posed to natural resources from site releases; evaluate standards to
determine final cleanup requirements during remedial actions as they relate to
coastal resources; review and recommend approaches to minimize coastal and
marine resource impacts as part of remedial investigation and feasibility
studies; and act as technical liaison between EPA and other Federal, state, or
local agencies on coastal and marine resource issues of common interest. NOAA
will also continue to develop and improve information sources to minimize risk
and improve the effectiveness of response operations,
Supajcfund Inter agency Agreements ^_Interipr
The Department of the Interior (DOI) will support response preparedness
and management activities that contribute to the National Response System
(MRS) authorized under CERCLA, including the National Response Team {NET), the
thirteen Regional Response Teams (RRTs), and EPA On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs)
and Remedial Project Managers (RPMs). DOI's efforts focus on enhancing
preparedness for emergency response and effective site cleanup/remediation of
natural resources. DOI also will conduct training, briefings and classes to
states. Federally recognized Indian tribes, .and Federal natural resource
trustee officials, to develop and maintain their capabilities on the natural
resource damage assessments rule.
§iiajsr_fund:i::InterageficY Agreements , - Transportation; PSCS
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) will continue to respond to actual
or potential releases of hazardous substances involving the coastal zone,
including the Great Lakes and designated inland river ports. The USCG will
conduct federally funded removal actions and .'emergencies such as a spill and
monitor non-Federally funded removals involving hazardous wastes and
contaminants in the coastal zone. The USCG also will provide a central
receiving point for reports of releases of hazardous substances through the
National Response Center; and provide medical monitoring to minimize the
possibility of physical impairment or harmful effects to USCG enforcement or
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response personnel from exposure to hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants .
IntBiragency Agircsmsnts - Federal Eroeygency Management Acteacv
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will continue to support
the Super fund program in the management and coordination of training programs
for local officials through the Emergency Management Institute and the
National Fire Academy. FEMA. also will support state, local, and private
sector efforts to effectively plan for hazardous materials emergencies by
issuing guidance on plan development. In addition, FEMA will continue to
maintain the NRS by providing local, state, and Federal emergency preparedness
and administrative support to the Regional Response Teams .
OF CBMKSB 0 .0 EBB -
The Agency's 1998 request provides for a minimal investment in the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will allow for increased
technical assistance to on-site personnel in investigating, evaluating and
minimizing the risk associated with releases of hazardous substances in
coastal and marine areas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) will use additional resources to enhance compliance assistance visits
to review site safety and health plans and programs to better support worker
safety efforts. A modest reduction in the Basic Research program of The
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences reflects recognition of
the maturing program. These resources have been directed to site cleanup.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $126,939,000 for the Superfund Federal
Agency Partners. Major activities within this program component are carried
out through Interagency Agreements with National Institute of Environmental
.'Health Sciences ($53,527,000), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry ($64,000,000) , the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
($450,000), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ($2,212,000),
the Department of Interior ($850,000), the United States Coast Guard
($4,800,000), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency ($1,100,000).
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) will use
1997 resources for their maturing basic research program which focusses on
assessing the impacts of complex chemical mixtures .on human health. NIEHS
will also manage the Minority Worker Training grants program initiative which
trains disadvantaged urban minority youth for environmental restoration work.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) will
provide public health assessments (PHA) at National Priority List (NPL) and
non-NPL sites. These assessments include evaluating data on releases of
hazardous substances to assess current or future impact on public health.
This meets CERCLA's requirements that ATSDR perform a PHA within one year from
NPL site proposal. ATSDR also will respond to citizens petitions to conduct a
PHA and oversee PHAs conducted by state health department; maintain toxicology
data bases for chemicals found at sites; and provide health education to
health care providers, local and national health organizations, and state and
local health departments.
In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) will
continue to inspect Superfund sites for compliance with OSHA safety standards
and provide training in this area to on-site personnel and continue its worker
safety program efforts .
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will provide
scientific support for response operations to take responsible actions and to
make sites safe. NOAA also will provide technical information and expertise
to on-site personnel for environmental investigations to evaluate specific
threats of releases of hazardous substances to coastal and marine resources.
NCAA's Coastal Resource Coordinators (CRCs) will work to minimize destruction
of wetlands; mitigate and restore injured habitat; protect endangered and
threatened species; protect commercial and recreational fish stocks? and abate
environmental and human health risk from contaminated sediments,
The Department of Interior (DOI) will provide response preparedness and
management assistance to the National and Regional Response Teams, and EPA On-
Scene Coordinators (OSCs) and Remedial Project Managers (RPMs). DOI also will
provide technical assistance support to states, Federally recognized Indian
tribes, and Federal natural resource trustees to conduct natural resource
damage assessments.
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) will continue to respond to spills
of hazardous substances in the coastal zone and inland waterways such as the
Great Lakes with 1997 resources. In addition, USCG will provide emergency
removal training and equipment to train personnel; provide National Response
Center staffing support and notification of major incidents; and provide
administrative and technical support to the National and Regional Response
Teams.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will continue to support
the Superfund program in the management and coordination of training programs
for state and local governments and through participation in the National and
Regional Response Teams. FIMA will also provide technical assistance to the
On-Scene Coordinators in support of the National Contingency Plan and the
National Response System, In addition, FEMA will maintain regional libraries
for hazardous materials training information and financial .support for
hazardous materials training exercises.
6-80
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGEHCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S .REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRBM COMPONENT, PE
AWROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
T HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
10"? Waste/Site/Risk Characterization
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
108 Waste Managenant and Sit* Remediation
D1XY1A Hazardous Substances Research
111 New Technology and Pollution Prevention
D1XY1A Hazardous 'Substances Research
LXXY5A Hazardous Substance - Management and Support
112 Science Quality and Infrastructure
10 AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PXXY9F Hazardous Substance Response - OAR
012 ABANDONED SITE CLEANUP
3Q AA AIR « RADIATION
4B1Y5A Hazardous Substance Resource Management - HQ
ENXY5A Hazardous Substance - Financial Management - Regions
Z2XY5A Resource Mahageniflnt - Headquarters
141 Resource Management
45 PLANNING, BUDGETING S ACCOUNT
9D1Y5A Management Services 6 Stewardship - SF
EPXY5A Hazardous Substance-Administrative Management ~ Headquarters
WEXY5A Hazardous Substance - Contracts and Grants - Headquarters
121 Management Services and Stewardship
ERXY5A Hazardous Substance - HeadquartecsVNationwide Support
122 Essential Infrastructure
Y2XY5A WCF - SUPERBIND
123 Working Capital Fund
6E1YSA Management Services * Stewardship - SF REG
ETXY5A Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions
WTXY5A Hazardous Substance - Contracts and Grants - Regions
124 Management Services and Stewardship - Regions
EUXY5A Hazardous Substance Regional Support
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
50 AA ADMIN S RESOURCES MGT !
UGXY5A Hazardous Substance- Office of the Administrator
222 TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO THE AGENCY
UGXY5A Hazardous Substance- Office of the Administrator
223 IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
F6XY5A Analytical Environmental Services - Superfund
UGXY5A Hazardous Substance- Office of the Administrator
224 TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO STATES, TRIBES S LOCALS
60 ADMINISTRATOR/STAFF
FY 1996
OPLAN
472.7
112.7
1,717.4
1,717.4
119.2
119.2
1,314.9
1.536.6
2,B51.5
5,160.8
3,207.5
3,207.5
3,207.5
0.0
9,625.2
8,328.7
17,953.9
17,953.9
0.0
1,364.4
9,081.9
10,446.3
38,B18.3
38,818.3
16,748.9
16,748.9
0.0
5,416.2
5,772.7
11,188.9
21,290.0
21,290,0
98,4.92.4
318.8
318.8
334,. 5
334.5
1,590.4
1,014.6
2,605.0
3,258.3
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
10,634.3
10,634.3
20,880.6
20,880.6
960.0
960.0
8,606.3
1,426.8
10,033.1
42,508.0
1,043.6
1,043.6
1,013.6
0.0
12,468.7
9,735.8
22,204.5
22,204.5
0.0
3,794.6
8,963.8
12,758.4
45,822.9
45,822.9
2,905.8
2,905.8
0.0
3,154.6
6,682.8
9,837.4
18,357.6
18,357.6
39,682.1
330.8
330.8
570.6
570.6
1,740.5
441.6
2,182.1
3,083.5
FY 1997
ENACTED
7,480.2
7,480.2
15,407.7
15,407.7
564.2
564.2
11,547.9
0.0
11,547.9
35,000.0
1,126.2
1,126.2
1,126.2
11,939.4
11,191.2
0.0
23,730.6
23,730.6
0.0
3,452.1
9,394.6
12,846.7
40,986.9
40,986.9
718.5
718.5
0.0
4,970.8
7,030.8
12,001.6
16,562.7
16,562.7
83,116.4
199.1
199.1
510.4
510.4
1,733.4
409.2
2,142.6
2,852.1
FY 1998
'REQUEST
10,685.7
10,685.7
20,067.7
20,067.7
960.0
960.0
8,042.5
0.0
8,042.5
39,755.9
1,012.7
1,012.7
1,012.7
13,117.0
12,428.2
0.0
25,545.2
25,545.2
14,774.4
0.0
0.0
14,774.4
41,330.5
41,330.5
701.0
701.0
11,286.2
0.0
0.0
11,286.2
18,357.6
18,357.6
86,449.7
354.8
354.8
603.2
603.2
3,000.0
380.7
3,380.7
4,338.7
6-81
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTS! PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPRO?, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
FAXY9A Hazardous Spill £ Site Response
X3XY5B Working Capital Fund - Super fund
289 Abandoned Site Response
JGXY9C Interagency Supmrfund-Department of Health 1 Hunan Services
JHXY9C Inte agency Super fund-United States Coast Guard
JKXY9C Inte agency Superfund Federal Emergency Management Agency
JMXY9C Inte agency Superfund National Oceanographic & Atmospheric A
KLXY9C Inte agency Superfund Department of Interior
LMXY9C Inte agency Superfund Occupational Safety « Health Administr
PJXY9C Inte agency Superfund-Departaent of Health & Human Services
290 Superfund Federal Agency Partners
75 M. SOLID WASTE i EMERG RBSPOKS
FZXY3A Hazardous Substance-Technical Support
R5XY3A Hazardous Substance - .Site Remediation Enforcement
082 CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
GBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Technical Enforcement
JBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Legal Enforcement
JJXY9C Interageney Superfund-Department of Justice
NZXY3A Hazardous Substance- Criminal Enforcement Program
R5KY3A Hazardous Substance - Site Remediation Enforcement
088 PROGRAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATION
FZXY3A Hazardous Substance-Technical Support
GBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Technical Enforcement
J8XY3A Hazardous Substance- Legal Enforcement
JJXY'SC Interagency Superfund-Department of Justice
R5XY3A Hazardous Substance - Site Remediation Enforcement
089 Superfund Cost Recovery
GBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Technical Enforcement
JBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Legal Enforcement
JJXY9C Interagency Superfund-Department of Justice
RSXY3A Hazardous Substance - Site Remediation Enforcement
090 ENCOURAGING PEP RESPONSES / ENFORCE. FAIRNESS
GBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Technical Enforcement
JBXY3A Hazardous Substance- Legal Enforcement
R5XY3A Hazardous Substance - Site Remediation Enforcement
YPXY3A Reimbursable Superfund - Federal Facility
091 TRUST FUNDS COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
FZXY3A Hazardous Substance-Technical Support
NZXY3A Hazardous Substance- Criminal Enforcement Program
R5XY3A Hazardous Substance - Site Remediation Enforcement
092 OPA Civil and CERCIA Criminal Enforcement
80 AA ENFORCEMENT
FY 1996
OPLAN
949,277.4
0.0
949,277.4
59,000.0
4,350.0
1,100.0
2,000.0
630.0
315.0
50,504.1
117,949.1
1,067,226.5
4,613.9
0.0
4,613.9
5,505.6
• SOI. 9
0.0
89.5
19,051.8
25,146. 8
2,508.1
16,861.0
6,927.2
0.0
0.0
26,296.3
79,851.6
12,376.7
30,100.0
0.0
122,328.3
7,012.2
3,15«.E
C.S
9,932.6
20,09».S
l.SK.C
2,169.*
9S.1
4,«BB."
203, 1*>5. 6
FY 1997
PRES. BUD'.
898,343.4
3,947.6
902,291.0
5.8,000.0
4,801.0
1,100.0
2,212.0
850.0
450.0
48,525.7
115,939.7
1,0,18,230,7
5,560.3
0.0
4,560.3
6,894.3
544.6
30,944.0
109.2
17,049.1
55,541.2
2,642.2
18,798.4
8,442.4
0.0
0.0
29,883.0
70,656.3
15,241.1
0.0
0-0
85.897.4
E,59t.4
«, 357.1
C.O
",'»99.5
JC.'Sl.C
:,asj.e
3,5«".0
1C4.5
l.lCi.3
JC2.136.2
FY 1997
ENACTED
900,628.8
4,479.8
905,108.6
64,000.0
4,800.0
1,100.0
2,212.0
850.0
450.0
53,527.0
126,939.0
1,032,047,6
4,639.7
97.1
4,736.8
6,352.6
528.9
0.0
77S.8
11,484.1
19,141.4
2,683.3
17,580.8
8,163.7
13,889.0
2,115.5
44,432.3
67,838.6
14,740.7
16,111.0
5,483.1
101,173.4
11,208.9
4,221.9
502.8
7,251.0
23,184.6
1,892.9
3,632.6
0.0
S.525.5
201,194.0
FY 1996
REQUEST
1,590,241.9
4,479.8
1,594,731.7
64,000.0
4,801.0
1,100.0
,2,432.0
8SO.O
650.0
48,526.7
122,359.7
1,717,081.4
4,623.2
111.8
4,735.0
6,339.9
601.7
0.0
670.3
8,803.2
16,415.1
2,541.8
19,088.2
8,869.0
13,552.5
2,335.6
46,387.3
76,061.5
16,007.0
16,111.0
5,321.3
113,500.8
4,503.1
4,563.5
452.4
8,205.0
17,724.0
1,897.5
3,608.7
0.0
5,506.2
204,268.4
6-82
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPBQP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
EWXY5A Hazardous Substance-Legal Services - Headquarters
EYXY5A Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions
241 media legal resources
EWXY5A Hazardous Substance-Legal Services - Headquarters
242 (ion~jhedia legal resources
EWXY5A Hazardous Substance-Legal Services - Headquarters
EYXY5A Hazardous Substance Legal Services •- Regions
243 Management and Program Support
85 GENERAL COUNSEL
GVXY5A Hazardous Substance- Office of Policy, Planning And Evaluati
194 Super fund
90 AA POLICY, PLANNING ( EVM,
"T HAZ SUB RESP TR FD
FY 1996
OPLAN
459.2
1,418.5
l,,871.7
265.0
265.0
549. 4
7.S
556.9
2,699.6
2,601.2
2,601.2
2,601.2
1,403,776.0
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
340.7
1,840.4
2,181.1
200.3
200.1
(39.6
0.0
439.6
2,821.0
1,083.1
1,083.1
1,083.1
1,382,791.7
FY 1997
ENACTED
485.6
2,015.3
2,500.9
280.2
280.2
390.9
0.0
350.9
3,172.0
1,006.1
1,006.1
1,006.1
1,383,245.0
FY 1998
REQUEST
326.6
2,201.4
2,527.9
192.1
192.1
439.5
0.0
439.5
3,159.5
992.2
992.2
992.2
2,082,603.7
6-83
-------
-------
Leaking
Underground
Storage Tanks
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
NPM OFFICE
DOTTED STATES ENVIRDNMEHTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FJT98 PRKSIDBNT'S BUDGET
FOND
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NPM
(dollars in thousands)
FT 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
Flf 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA ADMIN 4 RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
GENERAL COUNSEL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA SOLID WASTE t EMERG RESPONS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
DIG LUST*
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,
43,
47,
643
3
395
5
320
3
25B
3
646
1
950
61
500
5
714
64
.6
.9
.7
.5
.2
.7
.0
.0
.6
.6
.8
.1
.0
.8
.9
,6
1,367
3
725
10
507
5
86
0
681
1
63,174
66
577
5
67,119
94
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
.6
.4
.9
.3
.9
.1
.5
.1
.8
.0
.1
1,122
3
496
10
362
5
123
0
666
1
56,651
66
577
5
60,000
94
.3
.4
.5
.0
.7
.6
.7
.9
.4
.9
.4
.5
.0
.8
.0
.1
1,301.
3.
746.
10.
548.
5.
0.
0.
693.
1.
67,920.
64,
0.
0.
71,.210.
85.
3
4
4
0
9
6
0
0
6
9
5
9
0
0
7
8
179
0
249
0
186
0
-123
-0
27
0
11,269
-1
-577
-5
11,787
-2
.0
• 0
.9
.0
.2
.0
.7
.9
.2
.0
.1
.6
.0
.8
.7
.5
* Narrative descriptions of the 1998 President's Budget are located in the OIG chapter.
7-1
-------
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
The Agency requests a total of $71,210,700 and 85.8 total workyears for
1998 in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund. Of this total,
$67,920,500 and 64.9 total workyears support LUST response activities highlighted
below. The cost _of the Budget's proposed additional 1.51 percentage point agency
payment to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for Civil Service
Retirement System Employees will be absorbed within this request, once the
proposal is enacted.
States have reported that leaking underground storage tanks (LOSTs) are the
leading source of groundwater pollution, and petroleum is the most prevalent
contaminant (National Water Quality Inventory, Report to Congress, December
1995). The LUST Trust Fund was established to provide resources to support
oversight and cleanup of petroleum releases from underground storage tanks
regulated under -Subtitle I of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act {RCRA)
when the owner/operator is unknown, recalcitrant, or unable to perform the
cleanup. The LUST Trust Fund excise tax, a one-tenth of one cent per gallon tax
on motor fuels, expired in December of 1995. The Administration is proposing to
reinstate the LUST tax through 2007, effective upon enactment. The goal of the
LUST program is to ensure fast and effective responses to releases from
underground storage tanks containing petroleum and to restore contaminated sites
to beneficial use.
In 1988, EPA estimated five to seven million underground tanks in the
United States were used to store petroleum products. EPA regulated approximately
2.1 million of these tanks. Most of the remaining tanks were farm or residential
tanks which contained heating oil for on-site consumption and were exempted by
law. During the past ten years, over one million regulated tanks have since been
closed, resulting in increased environmental protection and prevention/
Since 1990, the Agency has used three performance measures to evaluate the
progress of the LUST program: Confirmed Releases, Cleanups Initiated, and
Cleanups Completed. The "Confirmed Releases" measure represents the cumulative
number of release incidents in which the owner/operator has identified a release
from a petroleum (or other chemical) UST system regulated under Subtitle I of
RCRA and has reported the release to a state, local, pr an other implementing
agency which has then verified the release according to state procedures. The
"Cleanups Initiated" measure represents the cumulative number of confirmed
releases for which the state or responsible party (under state supervision) has
initiated management of contaminated soil, removal of a free product (from the
surface or subsurface environment), management or treatment of dissolved
contamination, or monitoring of the groundwater or soil being remediated by
natural attenuation. The "Cleanups Initiated" designation indicates that
physical cleanup activity has begun at the site. The "Cleanups Completed"
measure represents the number of confirmed releases for which cleanups have been
initiated and for which the state has determined that no further action currently
is necessary to protect human health and the environment. The number of cleanups
completed includes' sites with post-closure monitoring as long as site-specific
(e.g., risk-based) cleanup goals have been met. Sites being remediated by
natural attenuation are counted among cleanups completed when site
characterization, monitoring plans, and site-specific goals have been established
and cleanup goals attained.
As of October 1996, EPA and states have confirmed approximately 317,000
releases. 'For these confirmed releases, over 15.0,000 cleanups have been
completed, leaving over 160,000 cleanups that have yet to be initiated. Further,
as owners and operators begin to upgrade, replace, or close -tanks to comply with
the December 31, 1998 deadline, EPA estimates an additional 100,000 releases may
7-2
-------
be discovered. The Agency estimates that by 2003, under the supervision of EPA
and/or its partners, cleanups will have been initiated or completed at 340,000
sites where groundwater or soil is known to be contaminated by releases from USTs
regulated under RCRA Subtitle I.
Through cooperative agreements negotiated and monitored by EPA Regions, the
Agency will continue to provide states with resources to oversee and conduct
cleanups at LUST sites. In the President's 1998 request, 85% of the LUST
program's Federal resources are awarded directly to the states in the form of
cooperative agreements. Many states use cooperative agreement funding to hire
staff for technical oversight of responsible party-lead cleanups. Fifty states
have now entered into cooperative agreements with the Agency.
In 1998, the Agency will continue to work in partnership with state, local,
and tribal governments to assist them in developing their capacity to implement
the LUST program. Specifically, the Agency will work with states, territories,
and tribal nations to implement risk-based corrective action (RBCA), an approach
to corrective action that moves all sites forward to closure and beneficial reuse
while directing resources on those sites posing the highest risk. The Agency
will continue engineering cost analysis of corrective action options to allow for
a sounder evaluation of costs in making corrective action decisions. In
addition, the Agency's Leak Detection and Prevention Research Program will
continue research on a variety of leak detection methods with particular emphasis
on aboveground tanks and large pipelines.
In 1998, the Agency will continue to pursue its strategy to involve the
private sector more directly in major functions of the Federal and state LUST
programs. For example, the Agency is helping states to develop programs which
employ licensed site professionals to review and approve corrective action plans
and analyze site assessment reports at lower risk LUST sites. To make the
cleanup process quicker, more effective, and more economical, the Agency will
continue to promote the use of alternative site investigation and remediation
technologies as 'an integral part of the DST cleanup program. The Agency also
will continue to work with states on methods to reduce cleanup costs and address
state fund solvency issues. Additionally, the Agency will continue to encourage
expedited site assessments as a way to streamline the corrective action process,
improve data collection and reduce the overall cost of remediation. The Agency
also will continue to participate in the Brownfields initiative by reviewing
project applications concerning abandoned gasoline stations and other commercial
or industrial properties with orphan underground storage tanks. Many of the
estimated 100,000 to 450,000 Brownfield sites in the United States include
underground storage tanks.
The Administration is proposing to expand the uses of the LUST Trust Fund
to include several related EPA programs, including the Underground Storage Tank
Program, the Underground Injection Control Program and the Groundwater Protection
Program. The Administration believes that these existing programs logically
should be funded from the LUST Trust Fund because they also address groundwater
protection from underground sources of contamination. The $53 million needed to
implement these programs in FY 1998 would continue to be requested through their
traditional appropriations accounts. However, the General Fund will be
reimbursed for the cost of these programs through a $53 million payment form the
LUST Trust Fund. Authorizing and appropriations language will be required.
The LUST Enforcement program will provide technical assistance for State
site enforcement with minimal Federal oversight and involvement. Where
enforcement is necessary, EPA will use the informal or expedited enforcement, as
well as traditional formal enforcement procedures. Although Federal enforcement
actions are limited, formal actions will be used to complete response actions by
recalcitrant owners and operators where no alternative is available.
7-3
-------
Id. 1998, the Research and Development program will continue the evaluation
of remediation approaches for spills with a particular focus on methyl text-butyl
ether (MTBE) remediation. The program will " continue studies of natural
attenuation of spilled fuels. The Agency will also'continue engineering .cost
analysis of corrective action options to allow for more sound evaluation .of
option cost in LUST corrective action decisions.
Management and Support resources will ensure that Agency facilities are
maintained, modified and/or built to an environmentally efficient, safe and
healthy standard. These resources will provide at least six Project Officer (PO)
Training classes to certify program staff responsible for monitoring and
technical oversight of assistance agreements. The Agency will perform at least
two regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive management
of EPA' s assistance agreements, In the area of suspension/debarment the Agency
will accept 180 new cases, complete 27 compliance agreements, debar 100
violaters, closeout eighty cases, and perform twelve compliance audits. In
1998, EPA will also perform Agency-wide resource management and control
functions,
7-4
-------
TOUTED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL HtOEECIXCtt ASBStCY
FX98 PRESrDEHT'S BUDGET
LOST THDST F08D
MM SUMMARY: by PRQSMM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
ERQG1RAM COMPONENT
EY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1B97
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA JU3DOH 5 RESOURCES MOT
Management Services and Stewardship
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Essential Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Essential Infrastructure - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
285
3
858
0
499
0
..3
.9
.5
.0
.8
.0
307,
3.
750.
0.
310.
0.
3
4
0
0
4
0
213,
3,
685,
0,
223,
0,
.5
,4
,5
.0
,3
,0
267
3
723
0
310
0
.6
.4
,3
.0
.4
.0
54.
0.
37.
0.
87.
0.
1
0
8
0
1
0
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
1,643.6
3.3
1,367.7
3.4
1,122.3
3.4
1,301.3
3.4
179.0
0.0
7-5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $1,301,300 and 3.4 total workyears for 1998
in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund for the Office Administration
and Resources Management. The major components of this program are Management
Services and Stewardship, which includes Contracts Management, Grants Management
and Human Resources Management; and Essential Infrastructure, which includes
nationwide services to maintain and enhance agency facilities, These management
and essential infrastructure services are provided in EPA's Headquarters, field,
and regional locations.
*7 —1C
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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
FACILITIES AND HEALTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
GRANTS MANAGEMENT
o Provide 6 Project Officer Training Course: Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible • for monitoring and technical oversight of assistance
agreements.
o Perform tworegional/recipient oversight visits: Perform at least two
regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of EPA assistance agreements.
o Accept 180 new suspension/debarment: In the suspension/debarment arena:
accept 180 new cases; complete 27 compliance agreements; debar 100 EPA
offenders; closeout 80 cases; and perform 12 compliance audits.
HUMAN RBSOUR<3i{OJ|a|glMBjBBKT
o Administrative Reform: Implement Human Resources Information System Front
End for EPA Personnel.
o Customer Service: Improve service quality and responsiveness through
automated information access and client empowerment.
o Skills Assessment: Develop skills necessary to assess Agency skills needs
and regain balance in critical mission policy areas.
1997
FACILITIES AND HEAIiTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
GRANTS MANAGEMENT
O'- Prpvide 6._Project Officer Trainiag Course: Provide program offices at
least six Project Officer (PO) Training classes to certify program staff
responsible for monitoring and technical oversight of assistance
agreements.
o Perform two regional/recipient oversight visit: Perform at least two
regional/recipient oversight visits to ensure fiscally responsive
management of EPA assistance agreements.
7-7
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Accept 180 new suspension/deb arment cases; -In the suspension/debarment
arena; accept 200 new cases? complete 25 compliance agreements; debar 100
EPA offenders; closeout 100 cases; and perform 10 compliance audits.
HUMAN RESOURCES
o Merit Promotions : Provide certificates of eligibility for all recruit
actions within agreed time frames .
o Internal Actions: Complete .appropriate actions in the Agency Payroll and
Personnel system.
o Administrative Reform : Acquire Windows-Based Human Resources Information
System for Agency Personnel Management Information system.
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SERVICES AND STEWARDSHIP — HEADQUARTERS - LUST
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $267,600 and 3,4 total workyears for 1998
in the Management Services and Stewardship program component . This program
provides the LUST management services and operations to enable the Agency to
achieve its environmental mission and meet its fiduciary and workforce
responsibilities .
This area encompasses three major activities that are provided for Agency
customers at the Cincinnati, RTF and Headquarters facilities. These activities
include: human resources management, contracts management and grants management.
EXPLANATION OF CHANSE; *• $54 .IK
Reflects an adjustment to workforce costs
«
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $213,500 and 3.4 total workyears for the
Management Services and Stewardship program component. This area encompasses
three major activities that are provided for Agency customers at the Cincinnati,
RTF and Headquarters facility. These activities include: human resources
management, contracts management and grants management.
ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE - HEADQUARTERS -LUST
1999
The Agency requests a total of $723,300 in 1998 in the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank appropriation for the Essential Infrastructure program element.
These resources support the following activities :
Facilities and Health Services ($723,300) - Resources provide for the
Agency's LUST portion of the national support costs such as rent; direct leases;
move and related costs associated with space consolidation; property management;
space planning services; printing costs (e.g., time sheets, statement of earnings
and leave) ; national health and safety support; and national security support.
Additionally, at the headquarters locations, costs include, facility operations
services (i.e., housekeeping, elevator maintenance, recycle contract, Building
Services Desk, etc.), health units and stress lab.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE ; + S37.8K
Facilities and Health Services {+$41,900) - An increase of $41,900 is
attributable to the LUST portion of rate and contract increases in 1998 .
Transit Subsidy (-$4,100) - This decrease represents the reduced need for
transit subsidy resources in the LUST appropriation.
1997 PROGRAM
'The Agency's budget is a total of $685,500 for the Essential Infrastructure
program element. These resources fund Agency-wide support costs including space
rental, national security, Agency-wide safety, health,' and environmental
management programs, security and guard services, facilities operations and
7-9
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maintenance, and health units. These resources also provide for .the LUST
appropriation portion of the Agency's transit subsidy program.
ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE - RES"EONg - L.PST
1998 PROGRAM RgQTJgST
The Agency requests a total of $310,400 for 1998 in the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank appropriation for the Essential Infrastructure Program for Regional
Support. These resources support the following activities:
Regional Support Services {$310,400} - These funds will provide the ten
Regional Offices with basic support services including printing and copying,
telecommunications, local area network (IAN) operations, utilities, mail
distribution, library operations, general training, office and laboratory
facility supplies and maintenance, and technical support, as well as Regional
moves necessitated by reorganizations and lease expirations .
EXPLANATION; OF gsMTgiA ±M7 . IK
Infrastructure Support (+$87,100) - This investment maintains the core
support services to all ten regions.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $223,300 for the Regional support program
element. These funds provide the ten Regional Offices with basic support
services including printing and copying, telecommunications, local area network
{LAN} operations, utilities, mail distribution, library operations, general
training, office and laboratory facility supplies and maintenance, .and technical
support, as well as Regional moves necessitated by reorganizations and lease
expirations,
7-10
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UNITED STAKES ENVIROHMEHTM. PROTECTION AGENCY
EY9B PREEIDEKT'S BUDGET
LOST TRBST FOHD
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1991
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFEREMCE
98 - 97
CHIEF FINflNCIfll. OFFICER
Resource Manag.ement
TOTAL DOLLARS
. FTES
395.7
5.S
725.4
10.0
495.5
10.0
746.4
10.0
249.9
0.0
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
395.7
5.5
725.4
10.0
496.5
10.0
746.4
10.0
249.9
0.0
7-11
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $746,400 and 10.0 total workyears for 1998
in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund for the Office of the Chief
Financial Officer.
Major activities within the Resources Management program component include:
Annual Planning .and Budgeting with a .request of $149,400 and 2.0 total workyears
and Financial Management with a request of $597,000 and 8.0 total workyears,
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in 1998
will support Agency-wide resource management and control functions including
budget development, budget utilization, financial accounting and fiscal
operations. Resources will also support the development and issuance of Agency-
wide resources management policies and national guidance.
7-12
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1998
1997
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
DATA OUTPUT CHART
0 Financial statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
O Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities.
0 Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
0 Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-11 and A-34.
0 Financial Statements are timely prepared and receive unqualified
audit opinion.
O Payment and collection activities meet or exceed CFO core financial
management performance measures target goals for these activities.
0 Timely submission of statutory required budget materials to OMB and
Congress.
O Compliance with the Budget Impoundment and Control Act of 1974 and
OMB Circulars A-ll and A-34,
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RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-HEADQUARTERS
1998 PROGRAM BEQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $272,100 and 3.5 total workyears in 1998 for
the Resource Management -Headquarters program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will direct its
resources towards core, Agency-wide financial, budget, and resource management
functions in addition to Agency priorities such as reinvention of EPA management
and administrative processes.
The major activities in the Resource Management -Regions program component
are:
Annual Planning and Budgeting ($149,400 and 2.0 total workyears} - OCFO
manages the development and formulation of the Agency's annual budget; designs
and oversees the process for developing annual performance plans ; analyzes ma j or
policy/resource issues facing the Agency; oversees Agency implementation of GPRA
and NPR recommendations; implements, monitors and controls development of the
Agency's operating and resource allocation plans; monitors expenditures of Agency
funds to ensure that EPA complies with the Ant i -Deficiency Act and other
executive branch and congressionally imposed fiduciary controls? operates,
maintains, and enhances automated budget systems; and develops and issues
policies and guidance related to all areas of 'budget formulation and execution.
In addition, OCFd acts as the primary Agency Liaison with the Congress on all
matters pertaining to the Agency's budget and appropriations,- develops guidance
and coordinates final preparation and submission of the OMB Budget Submission,
the annual Justification of Appropriation Estimates for Congress and EPA's
portion of the President's Budget.
Financial Management ($122,700 and 1.5 total worfcyears) - Under this
activity OCFO develops and issues Agency-wide financial management policies and
procedures, develops and manages the Comptroller's Agency- wide Financial
Management Quality Assurance Program; develops and prepares the Agency's annual
financial statements as well as the CFO's analysis of the statements and audit
results; conducts analyses and evaluations of .reported financial data for use by
senior Agency management; oversees the Agency's management of accounts receivable
and acts as the focal point for debt management activities; plans and develops
Agencywide cost accounting capability to meet the objectives of the Government
Performance and Results Act and the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act
of 1396; oversees core .financial management activities Agency-wide,- and
coordinates and manages all fiscal year end closeout and startup activities for
the Agency's financial management functions.
Resources also support a full range of accounting and fiscal services to
program offices including time and attendance, travel and commercial payments.
OCFO also provides core financial- services to the Agency for all EPA payroll
•processing and accounting, contracts, interagency agreements, program assistance
agreements , and working capital fund agreements .
SXPIAMATIOH OF CHlUgS: 0.,Oj_gH . ±gl06.6K
An investment of $106,600 will support increased Payroll, Compensation, and
Benefits and travel costs in 1998 .
7-14
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1997 PROGRAjj
The Agency's budget is a total of $165,500 and 3.5 total workyears for the
Resource Management-Headquarters program component. Major activities within this
program component are: Annual Planning and Budgeting($90,700 and 2.0 total
workyears) and Financial Management($74,800 and 1.5 total workyears}.
Resources allocated to the Office of the Chief Financial Officer in 1997
will support activities essential to the overall management and operations of the
Agency. Resources will enable the OCFO to provide core budget, financial, and
resource management services and support administrative reform initiatives.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-REGIONS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $474,300 and 6.5 total workyears in 1998 for
the Resource Management-Regions program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
in 1998, the Office of the Chief Financial Officer will direct its regional
resources towards core financial and resource management functions in addition
to Agency priorities such as reinvention of EPA management and administrative
processes.
The major activity in the Resource Management-Regions program component is:
Financial Management($474,300 and 6.5 total workyears) - This activity
includes all financial management functions in the Regional offices including
accounting, payment processing, billings and collections for grants, travel,
payroll, contracts, and all other financial transactions, as well as payroll
support and general ledger activities.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; 0.0FTE +S143.3K
An investment of $143,300 will support increased Payroll, Compensation, and
Benefit costs in 1998.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of '$331,000 and 6.5 total workyears for the
Resource Management-Regions program component. Resources allocated to the Office
of the Chief Financial Officer in 1997 will support activities essential to the
overall management and operations of the Agency. Resources will enable the
Regions to provide core financial and resource management services to the
Regional offices and support administrative reform initiatives.
7-15
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7-16
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DOTTED STATES EHVIEOHMEHTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FST98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
LUST TBBST FOND
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT FIT 1996 FY 1997 FT 1997 FY 1998 DIFFERENCE
OP PLAN PRES. BUD. ENACTED BUD. REQ. 98 - 97
ENCOURAGING PRP RESPONSES / ENFORCE. FAIRNESS
TOTAL DOLLARS 0.0 507.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
FTES 0.0 5.6 0.0 0,0 0.0
TRUST FUNDS COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
TOTAL DOLLARS 320.2 0.0 362.7 548.9 186.2
FTES 3.7 0.0 5.6 5.6 0.0
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS: 320.2 50T.O 362.1 548,9 186.2
FTE 3.1 5.6 5.6 5,6 0.0
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests $548,900 and 5.6 total workyears for 1998 in the,
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund for the Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance.
In 1998,the LUST Enforcement program will provide technical assistance for
State site enforcement with minimal Federal oversight and involvement. Where
enforcement is necessary, EPA will use informal or expedited enforcement, as well
as traditional formal enforcement procedures. Although Federal enforcement
actions are limited, formal actions will be used to complete response actions by
recalcitrant owners and operators where no alternative is available.
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gNCOORASINO PRI> RESPONSE, .&MO^^Kgf^CjeaaS^TJfJjJ^SSSS, gROGBaM COMPQmmC
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests $548,900 and 5.6 total workyears for 1998 in the LUST
Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program Component. The Program
Component will provide technical assistance for State site enforcement with
minimal Federal oversight and involvement. Where enforcement is necessary, EPA
will use informal or expedited enforcement, as well as traditional formal
enforcement procedures. Although Federal enforcement actions are limited, formal
actions will be used to complete response actions by recalcitrant owners and
operators where no alternative is available,
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: +S186.2K
The LUST Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness Program
Component requests an additional $186,200 for increased personnel costs and
contract support.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $362,700 and 5.6 total workyears for the
LUST Encouraging PRP Response and Enforcement Fairness program component. This
program component provides technical assistance for State site enforcement with
minimal Federal oversight and involvement, where enforcement is necessary, EPA
is using informal or expedited enforcement, as well as traditional formal
enforcement procedures. Although Federal enforcement actions are limited, formal
actions are used to complete response actions by recalcitrant owners and
operators where.no alternative is available.
7-19
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7-20
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TJHITZD STATES EHVIHDNMENTW. PROTECTION AQEWCY
FT98 EBJESXDENT'S BOD6BT
LUST TRUST FOND
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
{dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
Media Legal Resources
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
258.0
3.0
86.4
0.9
123.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
-123.7
-0.9
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
258.0
3.0
86.4
0.9
123,7
0.9
0.0
0.0
-123.7
-0.9
7-21
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OP GENERAL COUNSEL OVERVIEW
The Agency requests no dollars Or total workyears for 1998 in the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund for the Office of General Counsel
(OGC) .
No activities will be conducted under this program component in 1998, This
eliminates LUST resources, which were terminated at the Headquarters level in.
1996 and were reduced in 1997 to less than one total workyear in the Offices of
Regional Counsel (ORC) .
MEDIA IiESaii .BggOTOCBS - VIST
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests no dollars or total workyears in 1998 for the Media
Legal .Resources -LUST program component.
MAJOR ACTIVXTIBS
No activities will be conducted under this program component in 1998 ,
OR cmjisi i -0.9 FTE -5123. ?K
All resources, including 0,9 total workyears and $123,700 are to be
eliminated in 1998 due to a reduced LUST workload.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $123,700 and 0.9 total workyears for the
Media Legal Resources-LUST program component. Major activities within this
program component are legal advice and interpretations, and defense of the Agency
in legal actions regarding the LUST Trust Fund in the ORCs.
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UNITED STATES EHVIRONMENTM. PROTECTION AGENCY
PY98 EBESIDEHT'S BUDGET
LUST THOST FUND
ifet SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
9B - 97
AA RESEARCH AHD DEVELOPMENT
Waste Management and Site Remediation
TOTAL DOLLARS 495.6 674.8 657.5 687.L
FTES 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.9
New Technology and Pollution Prevention
TOTAL DOLLARS 10-4 0.0 0.0 0.0
FTES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Science Quality and Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS 140.6 6.5 8.9 6.5
FTES 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.D
29.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.4
0.0
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
646.6
1.6
681.3
1.9
666.4
1.9
693.6
1.9
27.2
0.0
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency,requests a total of $693,600 and 1.9 total workyears in 1998 for
the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund for the Office of Research
and Development. The budget includes the operational support staff necessary to
implement the research program. Staff support activities include program review,
health and safety, resource planning and execution, administrative, financial
contract and grant management, equipment and facilities maintenance and Automated
Data Processing (ADP).
Research to support the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program is
authorized under Subtitle I of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1996. The
program provides technical support and research assistance to support LUST
regulatory requirements. EPA's LUST Corrective Action Research Program focuses
on evaluating technologies for remediation of sites where leaks have contaminated
the soil and groundwater, and on providing technical support to EPA Regional
offices, states, and others on proper selection and implementation of these
technologies.
In 1998, the Agency will continue the evaluation of remediation approaches
for spills with a particular focus on methyl text-butyl ether (MTBE) remediation.
The program will continue studies of natural attenuation of spilled fuels. The
Agency will also continue engineering cost analysis of corrective action options
to allow for more sound evaluation of option cost in LUST corrective action
decisions.
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1998
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
Report on the screening of cost-effective technologies applicable to the
LUST CA report will show how screening/selection of these technologies can
be tied in with OUST Risk Based Corrective Action guidance for determining
cleanup goals.
Report on field evaluation of the fate of MTB33 in groundwater. This
report will be used to provide preliminary information to remediation
managers on the extent and potential risk of MTBE contamination, and will
be used to determine further research needs.
1997
o Provide recommendations on improvements to the risk-based corrective
action approach to remediation option selection in order to insure optimal
application of available LUST CA remediation alternatives.
o Produce report documenting the engineering design and operation of soil
vapor extraction and air sparging at LUST CA sites. This case study
information will be useful to site remediation managers in determining the
applicability of these twp processes to other sites.
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RESEARCH JOTO DEVELOPMENT
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency , requests a total of $693,600 and 1.9 total workyears in 1998 for
the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) research program. The budget
includes the operational support staff necessary to implement the research
program. Staff support activities include program review, health and safety,
resource planning and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant
management, equipment and facilities maintenance and Automated Data Processing
(ADP) .
Research to support the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program is
authorized under Subtitle I of the Hazardous and Solid Waste amendments of 1984,
as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1996 . The
program provides technical support and research assistance to support LUST
regulatory requirements. BPA's LUST Corrective Action Research Program focuses
on evaluating technologies for remediation of sites where leaks have contaminated
the soil and groundwater, and on providing technical support to EPA Regional
offices, states, and others on proper selection and implementation of these
technologies .
In 1998, the Agency will continue the evaluation of remediation approaches
for spills with a. particular focus on methyl text-butyl ether (MTflE) remediation.
The program will continue studies of natural attenuation of spilled fuels. The
Agency will also continue engineering cost analysis of corrective action options
to allow for more sound evaluation of option cost in LUST corrective action
decisions .
OF CHRNGg 0,0 FTK + S27.2K
Increases will be made to workyear resources to reflect cost -of -living
adjustments (COLAs) and locality pay adjustments necessary to fund the Agency's
workforce .
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $666,400 and 1.9 total workyears for the
Waste Management and Site Remediation, New Technology and Pollution Prevention,
and Science Quality and Infrastructure program elements. 'The budget includes the
operational support staff necessary to implement the research program. Staff
support activities include program review, health and safety, resource planning
and execution, administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment
and facilities maintenance and ADP.
The program provides research to support LUST regulatory requirements,
EPA1 s LUST corrective action research prdgram focuses on evaluating technologies
for remediation of sites where leaks have contaminated the soil, and on providing
technical support to EPA Regional offices, states, and others on proper selection
and implementation of these technologies . The Agency will continue engineering
cost analysis of corrective action options to allow for more sound evaluation of
option cost in LUST corrective action decisions. In addition, the Agency will
evaluate the fate of the fuel additive (MTBE) in the subsurface,
7-26
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UNITED STAT2S EHVIEOHMBNTAL PROTKCTIOH AJ3EHCY
F298 PBESIDEHT'S BUDGET
I.DST TH0ST F08D
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands!
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP ELAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
IT 1999
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 91
AA SOLID WASTE I EMERG REEPONS
Remediation of WSf Relaases
TOTAL DOLLARS
FfES
43,950,8
61.1
63,174.1
56.5
56,651.4
66.5
67,92.0.5
64,9
11,269.1
-1.6
LUST TRUST FUND
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
43,950.8
61,1
53,174.1
66.5
56,651.4
66.S
67,920.5
64-9
11,269.1
-1.6
7-27
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $67,920,500 and 64,9 total workyears in 1998
in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
States have reported that leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) are
the leading source of groundwater pollution and petroleum is the most prevalent
contaminant. More than 315,000 UST releases have been confirmed and
significantly more are expected to be discovered as owners and operators of
underground storage tanks comply with the 1998 requirements to upgrade, replace,
or close their tanks. Currently, over 150,000 confirmed releases have been
cleaned up and over 1 million tanks have been closed, resulting in increased
human health and environmental protection and prevention.
The Agency's goal in the LUST cleanup program is to protect human health
and the environment through fast and effective cleanup of priority sites and
releases from USTs containing petroleum and to restore contaminated sites to
beneficial use. The LUST program's objective is to, by 2003, initiate or
complete 340,000 cleanups at sites where groundwater or soil is known to be
contaminated.
States, tribes, and local governments take the lead in implementing the
LUST program. The Agency provides approximately 85% of the total appropriation
to the states in the form of cooperative agreements. These resources provide
states with the resources for overseeing and conducting cleanups at LUST sites,
The Agency is requesting in 1998 a significant increase over the 1997 level for
cooperative agreements to the states in order to provide as much assistance as
possible to address the LUST universe, as the December 31, 1998 tank upgrade
deadline approaches.
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OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
Annual Cumulative
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
o LUST Cleanups Initiated 27,000 302,615
o LUST Cleanups Completed 22,000 194,683
1997
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
o LUST Cleanups Initiated 23,000 275,615
o LUST Cleanups Completed 20,000 172,683
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REMEDIATION OF LEAKING DNDERGROiroiP STORAGETAJPC RELEASES
193.8. PROGRAM RB01J1ST
The Agency requests a total of $67,920,500 and 64.9 total workyears in 1998
for the Remediation of Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Releases program
component. The major activities within this program component are: providing
LUST State Cooperative Agreements; implementing Risk-based Corrective Action
{RBCA), Tribal Programs, and the Private Sector Initiative; promoting alternative
technologies; working with states on state fund solvency and providing technical
assistance to build strong LUST programs.
MAJOR ACTJVITILES
The Agency requests a total of $60,878,400 and 10.0 total workyears to
provide states with the Federal resources needed to provide technical oversight
of responsible party-lead cleanups. This oversight forms the basis for state
assurance fund reimbursements to owners and operators. In addition, some states
use LUST Trust Fund cooperative agreement resources for emergency response
actions, while other states use LUST Trust Fund resources to perform state-lead
cleanups where responsible parties are not known, willing, or able to perform
cleanups. Fifty states have entered into cooperative agreements with EPA,
thereby shifting direct implementation to the states. The Regional offices
negotiate and oversee state cooperative agreements for the LUST program. In
1998, the Agency anticipates that approximately 27,000 LUST cleanups will be
initiated and 22,000 LUST cleanups will be completed.
The Agency requests a total of $1,847,700 and 13.5 total workyears to work
in partnership with state, local, and tribal governments to assist them in
developing their capacity to implement the LUST program. Specifically, the
Agency works with states, territories, and tribal nations to implement risk-
based corrective action (RBCA), an approach to corrective action which moves all
sites forward to closure and beneficial reuse while focusing the resources on
sites posing the highest risk. RBCA enables the UST program to more effectively
manage the resources available for corrective action. The Agency will support
state UST program efforts to design and implement RBCA policies and to apply
principles of contaminant fate and transport, toxicology, risk assessment, and
risk management to the overall management of LUST sites. In 1998, the Agency
estimates that 46 states and two territories will have completed RBCA training,
and 20 states will be in various stages of implementing RBCA in their state LUST
programs.
The Agency requests a total of $948,300 and 5.0 total workyears to provide
technical assistance to indian tribes. This assistance includes awarding
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Section 8001 grants to tribes,
developing tribal LUST program capability, conducting training and outreach, and
set-aside funding for remediation of sites on tribal lands. Corrective action
for leaking tanks is especially significant, as most tribes rely on groundwater
for drinking water. The Agency expects the number of sites requiring remediation
to grow as the level of program implementation and enforcement activities on
tribal lands increases. As the primary implementors of activities on tribal
lands, Regions will provide technical assistance to carry out the LUST program
and remediate contamination on tribal lands. Specific projects include
implementing RBCA; overseeing corrective actions and providing RCRA Section 8001
grants to build tribal program capacity. In 1998, the Agency estimates that up
to 150 tribes will benefit from LUST program technical assistance.
The Agency requests a total of $1,375,600 and 10.0 total workyears to
involve the private sector more directly in major functions of the Federal and
state LUST programs. Specifically, projects include assisting states in
7-30
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developing programs which use licensed professionals to review and approve
corrective action plans and analyze site assessment reports at lower-risk LUST
sites. The Agency also will educate financial services providers (i.e., the
banking, real estate and insurance industries) and provide them with usable
informational materials (e.g., developing tailored outreach material for direct
distribution to each sector and developing lease language that property managers
can use to ensure that tenants practice good tank management) to foster timely
and cost-effective cleanups.
The Agency requests a total of $547,100 and 5.6 total workyears to promote
and support the use of alternative site investigation and remediation
technologies by state staff, UST owners and operators, and consultants. Once
integrated into the LUST program, these alternative technologies can more
effectively expedite the cleanup process. Specifically, the Agency will continue
to develop private/public partnerships; design evaluation tools; conduct
technical information exchange workshops; educate owners and operators and states
through outreach efforts; provide technical training; promote performance-based
cleanups (paying for cleanups as specified standards are met); participate in
fuel oxygenates workgroups developing policy related to methyl tertiary-butyl
ether (MTBE) in groundwater,- and develop guidance on the use of natural
attenuation. The Agency will also continue to encourage expedited site
assessments as a way to streamline the corrective action process, improve data
collection, and reduce the overall cost of remediation.
The Agency requests a total of $775,000 and 7.0 total workyears to work
with state fund managers to develop cost control mechanisms to bolster fund
solvency. Many states have established state funds which may help owners and
operators demonstrate their financial responsibility or cover the costs of
cleanups. A number of states face fund solvency problems. EPA's assistance to
state fund managers helps states identify ways to control cleanup costs.
The Agency requests a total of $1,426,400 and 13.8 total workyears to work
with state and local governments to build strong LUST programs and strengthen
state performance in LUST program areas. To assist states meet their LUST
program goals, the Agency will provide targeted state assistance. One such
effort involves improving corrective action processes to make cleanups more cost
effective, scientifically sound, and faster. In 1998, the Agency estimates that
resources will be used to oversee and implement regional/state corrective action
projects in as many as 35 states. In addition, the LUST program will continue
to participate in the Brownfields initiative to review project applications
concerning abandoned gasoline stations and other commercial or industrial
properties with orphan underground storage tanks. Many of the estimated 100,000
to 450,000 Brownfields sites in the United States may include underground storage
tanks.
EXPLANATIONQg CaEtANSE; -1.6 gTB *$11.,|269:.1TK
An investment of $9,927,800 in LUST Cooperative Agreement funding will be
used by states and indian tribes to initiate an additional 27,000 cleanups and
to complete an additional 22,000 cleanups in 1998. The value of this investment
is underscored by the Agency's anticipation that an additional 100,000 releases
will be discovered as owners and operators comply with the 1998 deadline for
upgrading, replacing, or closing tanks. The Agency will work with the states so
that LUST Cooperative Agreement resources are used to assess and clean up
releases from LUSTs in a timely manner and in a way that links corrective action
to the risk posed by the release. In addition, in 1997, the State of Florida for
the first time entered into a Cooperative Agreement to receive LUST Trust Funds.
Florida, which has a large regulated universe, has now joined other states in
requesting LUST Cooperative Agreement resources.
7-31
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The remaining $281,500 increase primarily covers payroll adjustments within
the Program Component for both Headquarters and the Regions. The 1.6 FTE
decrease reflects EPA's success in promoting alternative corrective action
technologies by Headquarters and the Regions. State, local, and tribal
governments have made tremendous strides in incorporating these technologies into
their processes for selecting corrective action remedies.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $56,651,400 and 66.5 total workyears for
the Remediation of LUST Releases program component. As in 1998, the major
activities within this program component are: implementing Risk-based Corrective
Action (RBCA) , Tribal Programs, and the Private Sector Initiative; providing LOST
State Cooperative Agreements; promoting alternative technologies; working with
states to address state fund solvency issues and providing technical assistance
to build strong LUST programs.
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,348,400 and 13.5 total workyears to
continue working in partnership with state, local, and tribal governments to
assist in developing their capacity to implement the LUST program. Specifically,
the Agency will continue to train states, territories, and tribal nations to
implement risk-based corrective action (RBCA). RBCA training is provided to
states through a cooperative agreement with the American Society of Testing
Materials (ASTM) . This training provides states with a fundamental understanding
of how RBCA works. The Agency helps identify private companies (i.e.,
"stakeholders") with whom states may work in partnership to implement RBCA.
These stakeholder groups conduct demonstrations and help the states work through
implementation problems. In 1997, the Agency estimates that 34 states and 3
territories will have completed RBCA training and 12 states will be in various
stages of implementing RBCA.
The Agency's budget is a total of $827,400 and 5.0 total workyears to
provide technical assistance to indian tribes; to award RCRA Section 8001 grants
to tribes; to develop -tribal LUST program capability; to conduct training and
outreach to tribes; and to obtain a set-aside for remediation of sites on indian
lands. Specifically this funding will: 1) help implement risk-based corrective
action on indian lands, 2) provide support to tribes to develop LUST codes, 3)
provide circuit riders to conduct inspections and conduct training, 3) to oversee
the installation and closure of tanks, 4} inform tribal governments and owners
and operators about leak detection requirements, the development of LUST codes
and the corrective action implications of the 1998 deadline.
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,124,900 and 10.0 total workyears to
continue pursuing the strategy of involving the private sector more directly in
major functions of Federal and state LUST programs. In 1997, specific activities
include developing third-party service provider programs for LUST corrective
action. Third-party service providers perform inspections or other oversight
functions that are currently performed by UST regulators. Third-party service
provider programs would allow private state-certified individuals to perform
inspections at UST facilities, to oversee tank removals and closures; and to
oversee corrective action at lower risk LUST sites.
The Agency's budget is a total of $50,950,600 and 10.0 total workyears to
continue supplying states with the resources state staff need to provide
technical oversight of responsible party-lead cleanups. In 1997, the State of
Florida entered into a Cooperative Agreement requesting LUST Trust Funds.
Florida has a large regulated universe, but had not previously requested LUST
Trust Funds. Therefore, with the addition of Florida in 1997, fifty states now
have entered into cooperative agreements with EPA, thereby shifting direct
implementation to the states. In 1997, the Agency anticipates that approximately
23,000 cleanups will be initiated and 20,000 cleanups will be completed.
7-32
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Cooperative agreements provide funding for state staff and technical oversight
of responsible party-lead cleanups. This oversight also forms the basis for
state assurance fund reimbursements to owners and operators. Some states use
their LUST Trust Fund cooperative agreement resources for emergency response
actions, and/or to perform state-lead cleanups where responsible parties are not
known, willing or able. The Agency conducts response activities and oversight
at the regional level for responsible party-lead cleanups on tribal lands. The
Regions will continue to negotiate and monitor cooperative agreements with the
Agency's state partners.
The Agency's budget is a total of $594,600 and 7.0 total workyears to
promote and support alternative site investigation and remediation technologies
by state staff, tank owners, operators and consultants. Once integrated into the
UST cleanup program, these alternatives to traditional technologies can expedite
cleanup processes. Specifically, the Agency plans to complete a manual to help
states oversee expedited site assessments. Expedited site assessments are faster
than laboratory analysis because samples can be collected, analysis can be
conducted, and a conceptual model can be created without sending samples to a
laboratory. The Agency also will improve "TANK RACER", a U.S. Air Force software
package that has been modified to estimate corrective action costs at underground
storage tank sites. TANK RACER will be modified to facilitate compatibility with
state specific data. Also, the Agency plans to issue a directive and guidance
on evaluating the use of natural attenuation as a remediation alternative.
The Agency's budget is a total of $594,600 and 7.0 total workyears to
continue working with state fund managers to bolster state fund solvency through
development of cost control mechanisms, including protocols for performance-based
cleanups; employment of risk-based corrective action processes; use of expedited
site assessment technologies; and streamlining claims processing. Specific
activities include the Agency's participation in the annual state-sponsored State
Fund Conference; the development of guidance documents to promote pay-for-
performance cleanups designed to control cleanup costs by having contractors pay
a fixed price as measurable environmental goals are reached; helping state funds
prepare to handle the increased workload as requests to pay for cleanups that are
discovered as part of the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing or closing tanks
are received; and helping states who want to transition out of state funds
identify alternatives for ensuring that owners and operators have sufficient
funding to pay for corrective action and financial responsibility coverage.
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,088,900 and 14.0 total workyears to
continue working with state and local governments to build strong LUST programs
and strengthen state performance in LUST program areas. Projects include
improving corrective action processes to make cleanups more cost effective,
scientifically sound, and rapid. In 1997, the Agency estimates that resources
will be used to oversee and implement regional/state corrective action projects
in as many as 35 states. Activities may include training on specific alternative
technologies and pay for performance cleanup agreements; and sponsorship of
strategic technology exchange workshops where states can share experiences
regarding the use of alternative technologies and expedited site assessment
techniques.
7-33
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7-34
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPN, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
F LUST TRUST FUND
RSXV1A LUST Research
108 Waste Management and Site Remediation
RS3CV1A LUST Research
111 New Technology and Pollution prevention
RSXV1A LUST Research
112 Science Quality and Infrastructure
10 AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
3B1V5A Lust Resource Management - HQ
RYXVSA Resource Management - Regions
Z3XV5A Resource Management - Headquarter? LUST
141 'Resource Management
45 PLANNING, BUDGETING i ACCOUNT
SD1V5A Management Services * Stewardship ~ LUST
RPXVSA LUST-Administrative Management
121 Management Services and Stewardship
2E1V5A Essential Infrastructure - LUST
SKXV5A LUST - Headquarters/Nationwide Support
SLXV5A LUST - Regional Support
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
SO M ADMIN C RESOURCES HOT
PY3CV2B Guidelines t Implementation - LUST Trust Fund
X2XV5B Working Capital Fund - leaking Underground Storage Tanks
288 Remediation of LUST Releases
75 AA SOLID WASTE t EMERG RESPONS
RRXV3A LUST - Legal Enforcement
090 ENCOURAGING PRP RESPONSES / ENFORCE. FAIRNESS
RRXV3A LUST - Legal Enforcement
091 TRUST FUNDS COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
80 AA ENFORCEMENT
RQXV5A Legal Services - Office of General Counsel
241 media legal resources
85 GENERAL COUNSEL
F LUST TRUST FUND
FY 1996
OPLAN
195-6
195.6
10.4
10.4
140.6
140.6
646.6
0.0
227.6
168.1
39S.7
395.7
0.0
2B5.3
ZB5.3
0.0
858.5
858 5
499.6
499.9
1,643.6
43,950.8
0.0
43,950.8
43,950.8
0.0
0.0
320.2
320.2
320.2
2,58.0
258. 0
258.0
.47,214.9
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
674.8
674.8
0.0
0.0
6.S
6.5
681.3
0.0
424.4
301.0
725.4
725.4
0.0
307.3
307.3
0.0
750.0
750 0
310.4
310.4
1,367.7
63,069.1
105.0
63,174.1
63,174.1
507.0
S07.0
0.0
0.0
507.0
86.4
86.4
B6.4
66,541.9
FY 1997
ENACTED
657.5
657.5
0.0
0.0
8.9
8.9
666.4
165. 5
331.0
0.0
496.5
496.5
0.0
213.5
213.5
.0.0
685.5
68 5 5
223.3.
223.3
1,122.3
56,529.4
122.0
56,651.4
56,651.4
0.0
0.0
362.7
362.7
362.1
123.7
123.7
123.7
59,423.0
EY 1998
REQUEST
687.1
687.1
0.0
0.0
6.S
6.5
693.6
272.1
474.3
0.0
746.4
746.4
267.6
0.0
267.6
723.3
0.0
723 3
310.4
310.4
1,301.3
67,798.5
122.0
67,920.5
67,920.5
0.0
0.0
546.5
SI 8. 9
548.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
71,210.7
7-35
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Oil Spill Response
SECTION TAB
-------
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NPM OFFICE
OHITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ASEMC3T
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
OH, StXKL RESPONSE
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT SUMMARY: by NPM
(dollars in thousands)
FT 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA RESEARCH AMD DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AA ADMIN « RESOURCES MGT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,255.9
1.0
725.5
0.0
1,031.1
1.6
576.6
0.0
1,017.2
1.6
542.9
0.0
1,017,2
0.9
542.9
0.0
0.0
-0.7
0.0
0.0
AA SOLID WASTE s EMERG RESPO.NS
TOTAL DOLLARS 14,288.5 11,941.8 11,829.7 11,629.7
FTES 95.0 86.6 86.6 86.6
0.0
0.0
AA ENFORCEMENT
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,16,8.2
8.7
1,755.5
16.2
1,610,.2
.16.2
1,610.2
16.1
0.0
-0.1
OIL SPILLS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
17,438.1
104.7
15,305.0
104.4
15,000.0
104.4
15,000.0
103.6
0.0
-0.8
8-1
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
The Agency requests a total of $15,000,000 and 103.6 total workyears for
1998 in the Oil Spill Response Account. The cost of the Budget's proposed
additional 1,51 percentage point agency payment to the Civil Serve Retirement and
Disability Fund for Civil Service Retirement System Employees will be absorbed
within this request, once the proposal is enacted.
Over the past decade, environmental damage caused by major oil spill
accidents like the Exxon Valdez tanker spill, have changed attitudes on the part
of government, industry, and the public. Environmental damage from these spills
is often long term and, in some cases, irreversible. The potential impact of
these catastrophic accidents prompted Congress to enact the Oil Pollution Act of
1990 (OPA) . The OPA strengthened the Federal government's prevention,
preparedness, and response capabilities. Under section 311 of the Clean Water
Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, EPA is responsible for
responding to oil spills that affect or threaten waterways of the United States
in the- inland zone. The Agency is also responsible for regulating oil spills at
certain onshore facilities that range from hospitals to large tank farms. The
goal of EPA's Oil Spill Program is to reduce or eliminate accidental releases of
substances that endanger our communities or wildlife, and, when oil spills do
occur, to minimize harm to people, animals, and plants.
On a daily basis, an average of 50 oil spills are reported to the Federal
government. Every year an average of 100 spills larger than 10,000 gallons occur
in the United States with a dozen or more over 100,000 gallons. Oil spills have
a tremendous effect on people. These spills cause major fire and explosion
hazards; shut down drinking water supplies; force citizens to evacuate their
homes; and expose American families to toxic emissions. In addition, oil spills
devastate local economies by shutting down commercial water supplies, fishing
businesses, and cultural and recreational resources. Oil spills contaminate food
supplies and impact entire food chains. These spills have other disastrous
impacts on the environment. They kill marine life and wildlife; reduce oxygen
content and add toxins to aquatic and riparian environments; and coat, injure,
and kill birds, mammals, and vegetation, having residual effects on the
environment and sensitive ecosystems for years. Based on these impacts and the
Agency's mandates in OPA, the Oil Spill Program continues to prevent, prepare
for, and effectively respond to oil spills,
The Agency's strategy for preventing accidental releases in the future
consist of continuing to work with states to implement and enforce rules for the
prevention of accidents; working with state and tribal partners to develop a
partnership program which will help develop their own monitoring systems; getting
educational material about risk associated with unintended releases into the
hands of the general public, media, and industry; working in partnership with
industry, other Federal agencies, and academia in the understanding of the
interaction of chemicals, oil, and radiblogical substances, such as dispersion
and human health impacts; and promoting the use of safer technologies, technical
topis, and approaches for preventing and responding to unintended releases.
In 1998, the Agency will respond to, and where appropriate, take cleanup
action at oil spills. In 1996, over 20,000 oil spills were reported and the
Agency started 69 spill cleanups and monitored responsible party cleanup at about
130 spills. The program anticipated a similar level of activity in 1998.
In 1998, the Agency will conduct 500 inspections at high risk facilities
to ensure compliance with Spill, Control, and Countermeasure regulations designed
to prevent oil spills from occurring. By the end of 1998, over 7,500 inspections
will have been completed. The Agency will also review 500 Facility Response
8-2
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Plans to ensure that high risk facilities are prepared to address a worst case
oil spill.
The Oil Enforcement program will bring administrative actions and judicial
referrals against facilities for failure to comply with oil pollution spill
prevention control and countermeasiires (SPCC) regulations and facility response
plan (FRP) regulations. In addition, the program will continue to develop
enforcement policy and guidance to ensure national consistency. The Agency will
enforce cleanups of spills Jay responsible parties and resources will also allow
the program to coordinate enforcement activities with other Federal and state
governmental agencies.
The objective of the Agency's oil spills research is to determine the risk
management options appropriate for remediating spills. In 1998, the Agency will
continue fundamental process research on the biodegradation mechanisms for oil
in ocean beach material. This information will be used to develop guidance on
the selection and application of bioremediation to marine spills. Toxicity of
residual pollutants to marine and shoreline ecosystems will be evaluated.
Studies will be conducted to uncover basic processes which determine the
applicability of natural and augmented bioremediation of fresh-water spills. A
chemical countermeasures protocol on dispersants will be completed.
The management and support services resources fund is the OPA portion of
the national support costs such as rent; direct leases; move and related costs
associated with space consolidation; property management; space planning
services; printing costs (e.g., time sheets, statement of earnings and leave);
national health and safety support; and national security support. Additionally,
at the headquarters locations, costs include, facility operations .services (i.e.,
housekeeping, elevator maintenance, recycle contract, Building Services Desk,
etc.), health units and stress lab. These resources also fund the Oil Spills
appropriation portion of the Agency's transit subsidy program.
8-3
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8-4
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UNITED STATES EHVTRONHEHTR& PROTBCTXON AGENCY
BESXDEIWf S BUUUKT
OH, fiTTfT.T. RESPONSE
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
ET 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA. ADMIN t RESOURCES MGT
Essential Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS 689.6
FTES '0.0
Essential Infrastructure - Regions
TOTAL DOLLARS 35.9
FTES 0.0
541.0
0.0
29.6
0.0
515.0
0.0
27.9
0.0
515.0
0.0
27.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
OIL SPILLS
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
725.5
0.0
576.6
0.0
542.,9
0.0
542.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
8-5
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OILS SPILL RESPONSE
OFFICE ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency. requests a total of f542,900 for 1998 in the Oils Spill Response
Account for the Office of Administration .and Resources Management (OARM). The
major component of this program is Essential... JnfrastguctM.re. which includes
nationwide services to maintain and enhance agency facilities. These essential
infrastructure services are provided in EPA's Headquarters and regional
locations.
8-6
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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
FACILITIES ANQ HEALTHSERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
1.3.37
FACILITIES AND HEALTH SERVICES
o Facilities Management. Agency facilities are maintained, modified and/or
•built to an environmentally efficient, safe and healthy standard. All
work is completed within time constraints outlined in customer service
standards.
8-7
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ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE- HEADQUARTERS - OIL SPILLS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $515,000 in 1998 for the Essential
Infrastructure program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
These resources fund the OPA portion of the national support costs such as
rent; direct leases; move and related costs associated with, space consolidation;
property management; space planning services; printing costs (e.g., time sheets,
statement of earnings and leave); national health and safety support; and
national security support. Additionally, at the headquarters locations, costs
include, facility operations services (i.e., housekeeping, elevator maintenance,
recycle contract, Building Services Desk, etc.), health units and stress lab.
These resources also fund the Oil Spill appropriation portion of the Agency's
transit subsidy program.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; 0.0 ETE SO.OK
There is no change from the 1997 program to the 1998 request.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $512,200 for the Essential
Infrastructure-Regions program component. The program funds Agency-wide support
costs including space rental, national security, Agency-wide safety, health, and
environmental management programs, security and guard services, facilities
operations and maintenance, and health units. These resources also fund the Oil
Spills appropriation portion of the Agency's transit subsidy program.
ESSENTIALINgRASTRgCTCyRE - REGIONS - OIL SPILLS
1998 PROGRAM_HSQUBST
The Agency requests a total of $27,900 in 1998 Essential Infrastructure-
Regions program component. These resources fund the OPA portion of the Regional
support costs such as printing and copying costs and telecommunications.
EXI>IAllATIPNlQg CHANSBi 0.0 ETB SO .OK
There is no change from the 1997 program to the 1998 request.
3,9,97 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $27,900 for the Essential Infrastructure-
Regions program component. The program supports costs such as printing and
copying costs and telecommunications.
8-8
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
F»8 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
OH, SSXXi RESPONSE
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT.
FY 199S
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES- BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
,BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
OPA Civil and CERCIA Criminal Enforcement
TOTAL DOLLARS 1,168.2 1,755.5 1,610.2 1,610.2
FTES 8.7 16.2 16.2 16.1
0.0
-0.1
OIL SPILLS
TOTAL DOLLARS;
FTE
1,168.2
8.7
1,755.5
16,2
1,610.2
16.2
1,610.2
16.1
0.0
-0.1
8-9
-------
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $1,610,200 and 16.1 total workyears for 1998
in the Oil Spill Response Account for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance (OECA) .
In 1998, the Oil Enforcement program will bring administrative actions and
judicial referrals against facilities for failure to comply with oil pollution
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulations and Facility
Response Plan (FRP) regulations. In addition, the program will continue to
develop enforcement policy and guidance to ensure national consistency. The
Agency will also enforce cleanups of spills by responsible parties. These
resources will also allow the program to coordinate enforcement activities with
other Federal and state governmental agencies. These activities contribute
toward meeting the national goal of Prevention of Oil Spills and Chemical
Accidents.
8-10
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OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
o 26 administrative orders
o 7 civil cases referred
o 6 civil cases filed
1997
o 26 administrative orders
o 7 civil cases referred
o . 6 civil cases filed
8-11
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OIL ENFORCEMENT
1998PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,610,200 and 16.1 total workyears for 1998
in the Oil Enforcement program component.
Funds for this component come from the Oil Spill Response Account and are
used to enforce the Oil Pollution Act's spill prevention control and
countermeasures (SPCC) regulations and responsible party cleanup of spills.
MAJORACTIVITIES
In 1998, the Oil Enforcement Program Component will bring administrative
actions and judicial referrals against facilities for failure to comply with oil
pollution Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulations and
response plan regulations, including final facility response plan regulations.
In addition, the Program Component will continue to develop enforcement policy
and guidance to ensure national consistency. The Program Component will also
enforce cleanups of spills by responsible parties. These resources will also
allow the Agency to coordinate enforcement activities with other Federal and
state governmental agencies.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; • -O.UTE
A disinvestment of a total of 0.1 workyears is due to administrative
reforms in consolidation, automation, and process improvements.
1997PROSBaM
'The Agency's budget is a total of .$1,610,200 and 16.2 total workyears for
the Oil Enforcement program component.
In 1997, the Program Component is bringing administrative actions and
judicial referrals against facilities for failure to comply with oil pollution
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulations and response plan
regulations, including final Facility Response Plan regulations. In addition,
the Program Component is developing enforcement policy and guidance to ensure
national consistency. The Agency is also enforcing cleanups of spills by
responsible parties, in coordination with other Federal and State governmental
agencies.
8-12
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UNITED STAKES ENV1ROHMEHTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FX98 FBESZDENT'S BUDGET
OIL RPTT.T. RESPONSE
PROGRAM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OP PLAN
AA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
waste Management and Site Remediation
TOTAL DOLLARS 1
FTES
New Technology and Pollution Prevention
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
Science Quality and Infrastructure
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
NEW SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 199"?
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
.42.
1,
23.
0.
89,.
0.
.7
.0
.A
,0
.8
.0
1,029.
1.
0.
0.
2.
0.
.0
,6
0
Q
1
0
1,010.
1.
0.
0.
6.
0.
6
6
0
0
6
0
1,015
0
0
0
2
0
.1
.9
,0
.0
.1
.0
4
-Q
0
a
-4
0
.5
.7
.0
.0
.5
.0
OIL SPILLS
TOTAL DOLLARS:
FTE
1,255.9
1.0
1,031.1
l.S
1,017.2
1.6
1,017.2
0.9
0.0
-0.7
8-13
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OIL SPILL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $1,017,200 and 0.9 total workyears in 1998
for the Oil Spill Response Account for the Office of Research and Development
(ORD).
In 1998, staff support activity will include program review, health and
safety, resource planning and execution, administrative, financial contract and
grant management, equipment and facilities maintenance and Automated Data
Processing (ADP).
The Agency will engage the best science available at EPA laboratories,
academic institutions, and the private sector to achieve the goals and objectives
of this program. Specifically, information learned from research on the
Modegradation mechanisms for oil in ocean beach material will be used to develop
guidance on the selection and application of bioretnediation to marine spills.
The Agency will also conduct and evaluate toxicity of residual pollutants to
marine and shoreline ecosystems, and studies on natural and augmented
bioremediation of fresh-water spills. Lastly, chemical countermeasures protocol
on dispersants will be completed.
8-14
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1998
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DATA OUTPUT CHART
Revised protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of dispersants as oil
spill? chemical countermeasures for use by regulators in determining the
appropriateness of cleanup options.
Protocol for testing the effectiveness of bioremediation agents in fresh-
water environments for use by remediation managers in selecting
remediation options.
Findings on the evaluation of screening tests for oil spill chemical
countermeasures, including dispersant agents. These findings can be used
to improve the protocols, thereby assuring better oil spill response
.decisions.
Findings from the study of the effectiveness of bioremediation as applied
to fresh-water wetlands. These findings will indicate the viability of
bioremediation to wetlands, aiding cleanup decisions and providing
directions for the evaluation of other bioremediation applications.
Findings from the studies of spill characteristics, environmental
parameters and treatment process application factors which influence the
effectiveness of bioremediation as applied to marine shorelines. These
findings will be used to develop further guidance on the selection and
implementation of bioremediation.
8-15
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RESEARCH
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1*017,200 and 0.9 total workyears for 1998
in the Oil Spill Response Account. The request includes the operational support
staff necessary to implement the research program. The staff support activities
include program review, health and safety, resource planning and execution,
administrative, financial contract and grant management, equipment and facilities
maintenance and Automated Data Processing (ADP) .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Research supporting oil spills cleanup is authorized by Title VII of the
Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) . The EPA Oil Spill Research Program develops
and evaluates the applicability of remediation options to spills of crude oils
and fuels. Currently, its focus is on the use of bioremediation and chemical
countermeasures . The Agency will engage the best science available at EPA
laboratories, academic institutions, 'and the private sector to achieve the goals
and objectives of this program.
The objective of the Agency's oil spills research is to determine the risk
management options appropriate for remediating spills. In 1998, the Agency will
continue fundamental process research on the biodegradation mechanisms for oil
in ocean beach material. This information will be used to develop guidance on
the selection and application of bioremediation to marine spills. Toxicity of
residual pollutants to marine and shoreline ecosystems will be evaluated.
Studies will be conducted to uncover basic processes which determine the
applicability of natural and augmented bioremediation of fresh-water spills. A
chemical countermeasures protocol on dispersants will be completed.
OF CHANGE ..;.. -0.7_FTB
1997 PROgRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,017,200 and 1.6 total workyears for
the Preventing Hazardous Materials Releases; Emergency Response Prepardness;
Management? and Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response program
components . The budget includes the operational support staff necessary to
implement the research program. The staff support activities include program
review, health and safety, resource planning and execution, administrative,
financial contract and grant management, equipment and facilities maintenance and
ADP.
In 1997, the Agency will develop technical guidance on the application of
bioremediation in marine environments 1 "Work on a protocol for testing the
effectiveness of bioremediation agents in fresh water will be initiated.
Revisions of chemical countermeasure protocol for dispersants will continue.
8-16
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UX7XTED SXATES ENVXR0NHEHTAI* PROTECTION
FJfSS PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
OK, SPEW, RESPONSE
NPM SUMMARY: by PRQGHAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
PROGRAM COMPONENT ET 1996 ET 1997 ET 1997 FY 1998 PIJTERENCE
OP PLAN PRES. BUD. ENACTED BUD. REQ. 93 - 97
AA SOLID WASTE C EMERG RESPOHS
Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response
TOTAL DOLLARS 14,288.5 11,941.3 11,829.7 11,829.7 0.0
FTES 95.0 86.6 86.6 86.6 0.0
OIL SPILLS
TOTAL DOLLARS: 14,288.5 11,941.8 11,829.7 11,829.7 0.0
FTE 95.0 86.6 86.6 86.6 0.0
8-17
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OIL SPILL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF SOLID HASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $11,829,700 and 86.6 total workyears for
1998 in the Oil Spill Response Account for the Office Solid Waste and Emergency
Response (OSWER),
Each year, oil spills cause major fire and explosion hazards; shut down
drinking water supplies; force citizens to evacuate their homes; and expose
American families to toxic emissions. In addition, oil spills devastate local
economies by shutting down commercial water supplies, fishing businesses, and
cultural and recreational resources. The environmental damage caused by these
spills is often long 'term and, in some cases, irreversible.
The mission of OSWSR's Oil Spill Program is to minimize the environmental,
public health, and economic impact of oil spills. The Agency accomplishes this
mission by reducing the number of spills that occur through prevention efforts,
minimizing the impact of potential spill through preparedness efforts, and
responding to spills when they do occur. The statutory basis for these efforts
is the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 which strengthened the Federal government's
prevention, preparedness, and response capabilities.
In 1998, The Oil Spill program's first priority will continue to be
responding to oil spills. The Agency responds to oil spills that affect or
threaten waterways of the United States in the inland zone. In 1996, EPA began
cleanup at 69 oil spills and monitored about 130 responsible party cleanups. In
1998, the Agency will maintain emergency response infrastructure to ensure that
responses are .undertaken promptly and effectively; respond to oil spills that
require Federal action; and provide technical support to states other agencies;
and provide support or oversight when appropriate.
The Agency will also continue to place a strong emphasis on preventing oil
spills from occurring. The program will conduct 500 Spill Prevention, Control
and Countermeasures (SPCC) inspections at the highest risk facilities in 1998,
These inspections ensure that facilities are implementing their approved plan to
prevent oil spills.
The Agency will undertake efforts to ensure that facilities and
governmental entities are prepared to respond to oil spills when they occur. The
program will review 500 Facility Response Plans (FRPs) to ensure that high risk
facilities are prepared to address major and minor oil spills. The Agency will
also work with the Coast Guard, in coordination with other Federal and local
authorities to implement the National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program
(PREP) which conducts drills and field exercises to improve preparedness.
8-18
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OFFICE OF SOLID HASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
1998
Oil Spill Response and Prevention
o Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures (SPCC) inspections
at regulated facilities.
o Facility Response Plans (FRPs)
reviewed at high risk facilities.
Annual
Cumulative
500
500
7,500
1,500
1997
Oil Spill Response and Prevention
o Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures (SPCC) inspections
at regulated facilities -
o Facility Response Plans (FRPs)
reviewed at high risk facilities.
500
500
7,000
1,000
8-19
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OILSPILL PREVENTION. PREPAREDNESS, AND RESPONSE
U_98PROGRAM REOTOBST
The Agency requests a total of $11,829,700 and 86.6 total workyears for
1998 in the Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Oil Spill Program integrates prevention, preparedness, and response
activities to address oil spills that create significant, often irreversible,
environmental and economic impacts. In 1996, 20,000 spills released over
10,000,000 gallons of oil into the environment. A comparatively small spill of
10,000 gallons from a tanker closed the beaches from New Jersey to Maryland at
the beginning of the summer tourist season. The environmental impacts received
significant public attention, but were overshadowed by the economic impacts of
restricting shore use, loss of tourist business, and impacts on other water
supplies. This underscores the need for the Oil Spill Program and its efforts
at prevention, preparedness, and response.
The Agency develops and implements preventive measures to minimize the
threat of an oil spill. The Agency prepares for an oil spill by having the
appropriate resources available, identifying and prioritizing facilities with the
highest risk, and planning the most effective clean up strategies. This
integrated approach must continue to address the problem at the source of a spill
and ensure that the most effective response actions possible are taken when
prevention efforts fail.
Major activities within this program component are prevention and
preparedness ($7,689,300 and 56.3 total workyears) and response ($4,140,400 and
30.3 total workyears).
Oil Spill Prevention and Preparedness - The Agency requests $7,689,300 and
56.3 workyears for 1998 to continue critical oil spill prevention and
preparedness activities. These activities include implementing the Spill
Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) program; evaluating, improving,
and providing periodic review of Facility Response Plans (FRPs) at the 5,000
highest risk facilities; and developing, overseeing, and strengthening area
contingency plans with other Federal agencies and state and local authorities
through the National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP).
In 1998, the Agency will continue SPCC inspections at regulated facilities
and the labor-intensive outreach to the regulated community. Under the Clean
Water Act (CWA), as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), the Agency
has jurisdiction over non-transportation related facilities that store oil above
ground. The SPCC prevention plans address actions to prevent and contain oil
releases into the environment. The major provisions for each facility include
a written SPCC Plan; certification of that plan by a registered professional
engineer; secondary containment structures or drainage is provided; and periodic
facility and equipment inspections. • These plans must be prepared and implemented
by facilities storing over 1,320 gallons of oil (about 435,000 facilities). At
these facilities, EPA conducts SPCC inspections to verify that the company is
implementing an adequate program. When facilities are in compliance, the result
is a demonstrated reduction in the number and scope of oil spills. In 1998, the
Agency will conduct SPCC inspections at approximately 500 regulated facilities.
The OPA requires certain higher risk facilities to develop FRPs to ensure
they have the capability to address a worst case oil discharge. About 5,000
facilities in the United States meet this criteria; most store over one million
gallons of oil. The Agency's primary focus is to review and approve FRPs for
8-20
-------
these high risk facilities first. Through review, inspection, and FRP approval,
EPA can determine that regulatory provisions have been adequately followed, and
thereby verify the facility is prepared to conduct a response. in 1998,
approximately 500 such facilities are targeted for review.
Resources in FY 1998 will be used to continue response preparedness. EPA
must review all 5,000 previously submitted FRPs on a five-year cycle in
accordance with OPA's requirement for periodic follow up reviews. Over the next
several years, follow-up reviews will compare the original plan provisions to the
more comprehensive regulatory requirements. This process includes a detailed
review of the written FRP, verification of contracted response resources, and a
site inspection to determine if all significant issues have been identified and
addressed. The OPA requires high risk facilities to cease operating if they do
not submit a. response plan. The Agency is in the first cycle of regulatory
review of FRPs for the 5,000 facilities posing a threat of "substantial harm."
Continuing these reviews, in addition to site visits in 1998, will be critical
to ensuring the oil industry is able to respond quickly and effectively to their
spills.
In 1998, the Agency will continue to work with the thirteen inland area
state and local government officials to develop, refine and improve their area
contingency plans. This effort will ensure adequate response to a major oil
spill within these specific geographic areas of the United States. Refinement
activities include collection of data on sensitive environments; establishment
of response and protection priorities; continued training; and planning meetings
to ensure that all parties understand response roles and responsibilities of all
stakeholders and cognizant agencies. These planning meetings also will ensure
that all parties agree upon prioritization of resources to be protected as well
as to understand area-wide issues such as response resources available, most
likely sources, and locations of oil spill incidents. Pre-planning and pre-
strategizing are critical elements for an effective response to major oil spills.
The Agency and the Coast Guard, will work in coordination with other
Federal authorities to implement the National Preparedness for Response Exercise
Program (PREP). Some PREP drills involve testing response procedures .and
resources available to facilities, including those provided by Federal, state,
and local governments working in a particular area. During 1998, the Agency will
lead one inland area PREP exercise and will participate in several exercises led
by the Coast Guard, other Federal agencies, and industry.
Through these activities, by 2003, the Agency will bring over 500
facilities into compliance with the SPCC provisions of the oil pollution
prevention regulation. In addition, the Agency will approve 500 FRPs certifying
that the response plans have been prepared in compliance with statutory and
regulatory requirements.
Oil Spill Response - The Agency requests $4,140,000 and 30.3 workyears to
conduct, monitor, or direct responses to oil spills, and to provide specialized
site support through the Environmental Response Team (ERT). In addition, the
Agency will provide information systems support for the Emergency Response
Notification. System (ERNS), train responders/on-scene coordinators and facility
inspectors and support Agency initiatives such as regulatory burden reduction
efforts.
The OPA requires that parties who spill oil into waters of the United
States and adjoining shorelines report such spills to the National Response
Center (NRC) . Over 20,000 such oil spill's are reported annually. For the
overwhelming majority of oil spills, the facility owner or state and local
responders direct the cleanup. In 1998, the Agency expects to take the lead to
investigate about 5% of the total number of spills and to monitor the most
serious of these. EPA conducts the cleanup where it determines that it is
appropriate to do so, i.e., when the facility owner is unable or unwilling to
8-21
-------
conduct the cleanup or when the needs go beyond the capabilities and/or resources
of the state and local responders.
The Agency will continue to provide technical assistance and response
support to spills, in many cases when other agencies, such as the united States
Coast Guard or the state, are the lead on-scene coordinators. In order to ensure
that the impact on the environment is minimized, responding officials must be
prepared with the best tools available,. Funding for site-specific response
actions will continue to be provided on a reimbursable basis from permanent,
indefinite appropriations in the Department of Transportation.
The Agency's 1998 Oil Spill Program request supports the ERT, a group of
highly qualified technical advisors, located in Edison, New Jersey. They bring
specialized expertise in implementing site safety plans, monitoring air quality,
sampling water, and analyzing other environmental parameters such as
contamination levels of soil and groundwater. This provides unique monitoring
and analytical capabilities to ensure the best protection of responders, public
health, and the environment. For example, ERT conducted air monitoring and water
sampling during the January 1996 Coast Guard-led response to a major oil spill
on the Rhode Island coastline. This assistance is provided nationally and, as
needed, internationally.
The Oil Spill Program will continue to develop support systems to improve
the Agency's oil spill response capabilities in 1998. The Agency will work with
the NEC to reengineer their ERNS aad the NEC's incident database system to
provide improved notification information for interested agencies, enhance
capabilities for data analysis to support future management decisions, and better
support to responders. The Agency will also continue to develop geographic
information system (GIS) capabilities to increase the knowledge base and data use
during planning and response activities. EPA also will continue to develop and
implement training activities for the on-scene coordinators and other responding
parties with special emphasis on issues and techniques related to inland oil
spill responses.
In 1998, the Agency will identify in electronic format and/or map format,
the environmentally sensitive areas that may be impacted by oil spills. This
includes development of GIS to handle and analyze all relevant spatial data. The
Agency will continue to develop the Oil Program Information System (OPIS) which
will create an automated tracking system for information on facilities,
inspections, and enforcement actions; spatial information for spill locations,
and any response or follow-up to spills; and provide a collection of data on
environmentally sensitive areas. With the development of these systems,
responders will know going into a response where the most sensitive areas are
located. This will maximize the likelihood that sensitive areas will be
protected. These data collection efforts satisfy the intent of the OPA to better
prepare for oil spill responses.
Maintaining effectiveness across all aspects of the program will remain an
Agency priority in 1998. The SPCC/FRP inspector training course will continue
to be delivered to EPA, contractor, and'other Federal, state, tribal, and local
personnel. This training course seeks to ensure consistent interpretation and
implementation of Agency policy, • guidance, and regulations, leading to more
consistent and complete inspections and clearer and more helpful guidance to
regulated facilities,
Additionally, EPA will continue to implement the provisions of the
cooperative program recommended in the QPA Liner Study Report to Congress and
developed in partnership with stakeholders. This cooperative program focuses on
prevention and remediation of .leaking aboveground storage facilities.
Stakeholders invited to participate with the Agency in the development of this
program include state and local government officials, industry, private groups,
and citizen groups. The Agency expects to finalize and implement revisions to
8-22
-------
the SPCC regulation with a risk-based approach to minimize the regulatory burden
which maintains acceptable .environmental protection.
The Agency also will implement policy and guidance on oil spill response
cost documentation and will continue with the development of training materials
to ensure acceptable response cost documentation as required under the CWA as
amended by the OPA.
Finally, the FY 1998 Agency request will support emergency preparedness and
response through emergency response actions or oil spill response. By 2003, EPA
and its partners will .have the capabilities to respond successfully to all known
emergency situations to reduce risk to human health and the environment. Each
year, through 2003, the oil program will take response actions necessary or
assist local and state responders to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the imminent
and substantial human health and environmental threats posed by releases or
potential releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants in an
emergency situation. Each year, all significant oil spills in the inland zone
will be responded to in an effective manner by the responsible party, the state
or local spill responders, or as a last resort, EPA.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; 0.0 FTE gO.OK;
There is no change from the 1997 program to the 1998 request.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $11,829,700 and 86.6 total workyears for
the Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response program component. Major
activities within this program component are prevention and preparedness
($7,689,300 and 56.3 total workyears) and response ($4,140,400 and 30.3 total
workyears).
In 1997, key activities of the Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and
Response program component will include implementing the Spill Prevention,
Control, and Counter-measures (SPCC) program; evaluating and improving the
facility response plans (FRPs) and completing the statutory mandate of periodic
review and approval of facility response plans at the 5,000 highest risk
facilities; developing, evaluating, and improving the statutorily required area
contingency plans through participation in the National Preparedness for Response
Exercise Program (PREP) ; responding to oil spills beyond the capability of state
and local responders and directing the response actions of responsible parties
or other agencies, when necessary; providing specialized site support through the
Environmental Response Team (ERT); and other support functions which contribute
significantly to the effectiveness of response actions and prevention activities.
Oil Spill Prevention and Preparedness - in 1997, the Agency will conduct
SPCC inspections at approximately 500 regulated facilities and review FRPs at the
500 highest risk facilities to ensure continued compliance. Additionally, EPA
will begin periodic review of all 5,000 previously submitted FRPs on a five year
cycle to compare previous provisions to more comprehensive requirements to be
applied in the coming years. Continued development and refinement of the
thirteen published area contingency plans will provide more protection to
sensitive ecosystems within specific regions.
The Agency will work with the United States Coast Guard and other Federal
authorities in 1997 to implement the National Preparedness for Response Exercise
Program (PREP). These PREP drills involve testing response procedures and
resources within facilities, which include facilities working with Federal,
state, and local governments working in a particular area. "In 1997, the Agency
8-23
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will participate in several Coast Guard-led coastal exercises and industry-led
exercises.
Oil Spill Response - In 1997, EPA will conduct, monitor, or direct
responses to oil spills which may be beyond the capability or funding capacity
of state and local responders and responsible parties. The Agency also will
continue to provide technical and response support to the United States Coast
Guard for coastal oil spills. Additionally, the Agency will provide specialized
technical site support through the ERT, allocate resources to provide information
systems support for the Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS) and
training of responders/on-scene coordinators and facility inspectors and support
Agency initiatives such as regulatory burden reduction efforts.
8-24
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPRQP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
H OIL SFILLS
F9X21A Oil Pollution Act - Research
108 Waste Managenent and Site Remediation
F.9X21A Oil .Pollution .Act - Research
111 New Technology and Pollution Prevention
F9X21A Oil Pollution Act - Research
112 Science Quality and Infrastructure
10 AA RESEARCH .AND DEVELOPMENT
3E125A Essential Infrastructure - OPA
. G4X25A Oil Pollution Act - Nationwide Support Services
G5X25A Oil Pollution Act - Headquarters Support Services
122 Essential Infrastructure
G6X25A Oil Pollution Act - Regional Support Services
125 Essential Infrastructure - Regions
50 AA ADMIN £ RESOURCES MET
G7X22D Oil Pollution Act - Environmental Emergency Response and Pre
X4X25B Working Capital Fund - Oil Spills
287 Oil Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response
75 AA SOLID WASTE 1 EMERG RESPQNS
G1X23A Oil Pollution Act - Enforcement Policy and Operations
092 OPA Civil and CERCLA Criminal Enforcement
60 AA ENFORCEMENT
H OIL SPILLS
FY 1996
OPLAN
1,142. "7
1,142.7
23.4
23.4
89.8
89.8
1,255.9
0.0
590. 1
99.5
689. '6
35.9
.35,9
725.5
14,288.5
0.0
14,288,5
14,283.5
1,168.2
1,168.2
1,168.2
17,438.1
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
1,029.0
1,029.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
2.1
1,031.1
0.0
512.0
35.0
547.0
29.6
29.6
576.6
11,810.1
131.7
11,941.8
11,941.8
1,755.5
1,755.5
1,755.5
15,305.0
FY 1997
ENACTED
1,010.6
1,010.6
0.0
0.0
6.6
6.6
1,017.2
0.0
438.4
76.6
S15.0
27.9
27,. 9
542.9
11,686.8
142.9
11,829.7
11,829.1
1,610.2
1,610.2
1,610.2
15,000.0
FY 1998
'REQUEST
1,015.1
1,015.1
0.0
0.0
2.1
2.1
1,017.2
515.0
0.0
0.0
515.0
27.9
27.9
542.9
•11,675.6
154.1
11,829.7
11,829.7
1,610.2
1,610.2
1,610.2
15,000.0
8-25
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-------
State and Tribal
Assistance Grants
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
HPM OFFICE
UNITED STATES EHV1RONMEMM PROTECTION AGENCY
FJT98 PRESIDENT'S BODGES
STATE AHD XRIBAL ASSISTANCE GHAUTS
APP8DPRIATION ACCODHT SUMMARY: by HEM
(dollars iA tlionaands)
FY 199S
Of ELAN
« 1997
EKES. BOD.
FT 1997
FT 1998
BOO. BBQ,
DXFFJBBXSNCB
98 - 97
AA AIR & RADIATION
TOTAL DOLLARS
STBS
178,232.7 167,230.1 167,230.2 175,516.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8,286.6
0.0
AA WATER
TOTAL DOLLARS
PTES
2,465,634.8 2,522,200.0 2,580,200.0 2,451,395.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-129,804.8
0.0
Aft. PESTICIDES £ TOXIC S0BST
TOTAL DOLLARS
ETBS
33,581.6 31,314.1 31,314.1 32,826.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,512.2
0.0
AA. SOLID HASTE & EMERG RESPONS
tana. DOMU&HS
WES
105,894.8 108,842.9 108,842.9 109,142.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
300.0
0.0
AA
TOTAL DOLLARS
ETBS
22,231.8 22,619.8 22,619.9 24,375.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,755.9
0.0
STATE ADD TRIBAL ASSISTANCE OR
TOTAL DOLLARS
JTES
2,805,575.7 2,852,206.9 2,910,207.1 2,793,257.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-116,950.1
0.0
9-1
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS OVERVIEW
The Agency requests a total of $2,793,257,000 for 1998 in the State and
Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) Account. This account provides financial
assistance to states, municipalities, local and tribal governments to fund a
variety of environmental programs and infrastructure projects for water, drinking
water, and wastewater systems. These funds fulfill the federal government's
commitment to help our state, tribal, and local partners develop and maintain the
capacity to operate their environmental protection programs and build the water
quality infrastructure needed to ensure a clean, healthy environment.
The funding provided in this account is a critical program component of our
efforts to accomplish our long-term National Environmental Goals. For the State
Revolving Funds, $1,800,000,000 is requested to capitalize state revolving funds
to provide low cost financing that cities, towns, and other organizations can use
to finance the infrastructure projects necessary to keep our rivers, lakes, and
estuaries clean, ensure that the nation's drinking water is safe, and that
wastewater is properly treated to protect public health and the environment.
Funding is also requested for water and wastewater treatment infrastructure
projects along the U.S./Mexico Border to help address .the serious human health
and severe environmental problems in that region. These projects will also
contribute toward upholding our commitment to the environmental provisions
associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Funding also
is requested in support of basic sanitation for rural and Alaskan Native
"Villages, many of which lack even the most rudimentary water treatment facilities
and technology. Finally, funding is requested for wastewater infrastructure in
cities and communities with special needs I
Assistance provided to the states and tribes will support development of
the technical, managerial, and enforcement capacity to operate environmental
protection programs that combat air pollution, monitor drinking water systems,
implement water quality standards, promote the use of safer pesticides, manage
hazardous waste, and assure compliance with federal environmental laws. Funding
is also directed toward "multimedia" programs that are designed to prevent or
reduce pollution from all sources. Included in this category are General
Assistance Program (GAP) grants to Indian tribes and Pollution Prevention grants.
In 1998, EPA will continue to give strong state and tribal programs more
flexibility to manage their programs, while concentrating EPA technical
assistance on state and tribal programs that are still developing. First, EPA
and its state and tribal partners will continue implementing the National
Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow
states more flexibility to operate their programs with less interference from the
federal government, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting
environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants .(PPGs) will
continue to allow states and tribes, more funding flexibility to combine
categorical program grants to address "environmental priorities. This effort,
authorized in 1996, will expand in 1998.
INFRASTRUCTURE ASSISTANCE
STATE^REVOLVING FUNDS
In 1998, the Agency requests a total of $1,800,000,000 for the two state
revolving funds. For the Clean Water State Revolving Fund, EPA requests
$1,075,000,000 and for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, EPA requests
$725,000,000.
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The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) provides federal financial
assistance to states, localities, and Indian tribes in order to protect the
nation's water resources by meeting the requirements of the Clean Water Act
(CWA) . The CW-SRF provides financial assistance through capitalization grants
for traditional municipal wastewater infrastructure projects as well as for
projects addressing newly emerging needs, such as municipal wet weather issues,
nonpoint source control, and estuary protection. These projects contribute to
ecosystem improvements through reduced loadings of pollutants in surface waters.
To further the Agency's strategic goal of creating low cost, independent
sources of capital for the states to address their environmental problems, EPA
proposes continued capitalization of the CW-SRF to a level that will enable
states to finance $2 billion annually in loan activity into the future. This
level of funding will help ensure that a long-term, low cost source of financing
will be available to help the states meet their highest priority needs .
In 1998, EPA will encourage states to (a) expand the availability of CW-SRF
loan funds to projects needed to meet state water quality objectives, (b) provide
loans to address priority watershed protection problems, and assist small and
disadvantaged communities which have difficulty constructing complex
infrastructure projects or participating in the financial markets. One of EPA's
efforts to meet special needs is the Indian Set -Aside Grant Program funded
through the CW-SRF, which addresses serious health problems due to the lack of
basic sewage treatment. EPA also will work with the Council of State Community
Development Agencies and other Federal agencies to facilitate the use of the CW-
SRF by small communities .
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF) , authorized by the Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996, is designed to help public water
systems finance the costs of the infrastructure needed to achieve or maintain
compliance with SDWA requirements. To reduce occurrences of serious public
health threats and ensure safe drinking water sources nationwide, the
Administrator will make capitalization grants to states, which in turn can
provide low cost loans and other assistance to eligible systems, and Indian
tribes. EPA proposes to continue capitalization of the DW-SRF at a level that
will enable states to finance $500 million annually in loan activity into the
future .
The 1996 SDWA Amendments also establish a strong new emphasis on preventing
contamination problems through source water protection and enhanced water system
management. Up to a total of 10 percent of a state's DW-SRF allotment may be
used for a variety of programs that include Public Water Supply Supervision
(PWSS) activities, source water protection programs, state capacity development
strategies, and state operator certification programs. States are required to
complete source water assessments for all public water systems within the state .
This assessment includes delineation of the boundaries of the source waters and
identification of -potential contamination sources .
StECIAL
These problems involve designing or financing water and wastewater
infrastructure projects. In 1998, EPA requests a total of $278,000,000 for such
special water and wastewater infrastructure needs .
Serious public health problems due to water contamination and communicable
waterborne diseases are prevalent along the U . S . /Mexico Border, where untreated
domestic and industrial wastes flow into the rivers contaminating both sides of
the Border. EPA will continue to support the U.S. /Mexico Border Plan for water.
Some communities have unique difficulties in complying with water quality
standards, and wastewater treatment projects along the U.S. /Mexico Border. In
1998, EPA, in cooperation with the Border Environment Cooperation Commission and
the North American Development Bank, will help set priorities for fiinding water
9-3
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and wastewater infrastructure projects along the Border. In addition, EPA will
provide grants to the State of Texas to help finance wastewater projects in
colonias. In 1998, EPA requests a total of $150,000,000 for these projects.
In 1998, EPA will provide a federal grant of $15,000,000 to the State of
Alaska for necessary water and wastewater infrastructure projects in rural and
Native Alaskan villages.
In 1998, grants will be provided to cities with unique water quality
problems. Specifically, funds totaling $100,000,000 are requested for
communities where documented secondary treatment needs exceed $2,000,000,000 as
reported in EPA's 1992 Needs Survey and wastewater user charges for residential
use of 7,000 gallons based on the Ernst and Young National Water and Wastewater
1992 Rate Survey are greater than 0.65 percent of the 1989 median household
income for the primary metropolitan statistical areas .as measured by the Bureau
of Census in 1990. Grants of $10,000,000 are requested for the City of New
Orleans, Louisiana to support the planning, design, construction, and other
activities related to storm water problems with the city's sewer system. Grants
of $3,000,000 are also requested for Bristol County, Massachusetts to help
address high cost water treatment infrastructure improvements.
STATE AMP TRIBAL PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
EPA will continue to support the environmental programs of our state and
Indian tribal partners through grants and cooperative agreements in the STAG
account. In 1998, the Agency is requesting $715,.257tOOO for 17 categorical
environmental grants for states and Indian tribes. The emphasis in 1998 will be
to increase EPA's assistance for Indian tribes who are beginning to manage their
own environmental programs. Increases for tribes will be provided in Air Tribal
Assistance grants. Water Section 106 grants, Public Water Systems Supervision
(PWSS) grants. Toxic Substances Enforcement grants, Hazardous Waste grants.
Pesticide Enforcement grants, and Indian General Assistance Program (GAP) grants.
Several grants will also be increased for state activities, including Water
Section 106 grants for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), Pesticides Enforcement
grants for compliance monitoring under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996,
and Air grants for Particulars Matter (PM)-fine Monitoring.
Through state and tribal program assistance, EPA will continue to pursue
its strategy of building state and local capacity to implement and enforce the
nation's environmental laws. One approach will be to encourage the states and
tribes, under the new authority of Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs), to
group categorical grant funds into PPGs so they can address their individual
environmental priorities, By fostering a decentralized nationwide approach to
environmental protection, we are ensuring that the nation's environmental goals
ultimately will be achieved through the actions, programs, and commitments of
local governments, organizations, and citizens. EPA's role will be to continue
to .aid those who need our assistance and strive to make certain that federal
financial assistance brings the best possible return on its investment in a
cleaner, safer environment.
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CLEAN WATER STATE REVOLVING FUMD
iaaa_EBaeRajB HBQPEST
The Agency requests a. total of $1,075,000,000 in 1998 for the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (cw-SRF) .
The Clean Water SRF and construction grants programs have helped finance
state and local community projects that are responsible for much of the dramatic
improvements in water quality by providing for modern wastewater treatment
facilities (secondary treatment or better) . Today, the nation's network of more
than 15,600 modern wastewater facilities serves more than 160 million people and
prevents billions of pounds of harmful pollutants annually from entering our
nation ' s watersheds . while our investments have paid off in terms of improved
water quality, human health, and quality of life, we have not finished the work
begun in 1970. A significant portion of our wastewater infrastructure is aging
and is in need of repairs or replacement. Additional investments are necessary
to keep pace with a growing population and to address remaining threats to water
quality. The most recent survey of municipal water quality infrastructure needs
over the next 20 years topped $137 billion.
In addition to our focus on traditional wastewater infrastructure, we must
consider that today's threats to water quality are significantly different from
those facing the nation's waters in 1970. According to the 1992 Water Quality
Inventory, contaminated runoff from agricultural, urban, and other lands (or
nonpoint sources) is the most significant threat to our rivers, lakes, and
estuarine waters. Further, municipal sources, including wastewater treatment
systems, continue to be a significant threat, especially in estuarine waters.
The Clean Water - SRF was created with the flexibility to play a significant role
in addressing the full range of threats to our water resources, including
nonpoint sources as well as municipal wastewater treatment systems. EPA is
working with our state partners to coordinate CW-SRF funding with state watershed
planning efforts to better address high priority water quality problems.
The Administration continues to support the capitalization of the Clean
Water SRF to enhance our state partners' capacity to provide municipalities with
assistance for their water quality infrastructure needs. Continued
capitalization will allow the 51 CW-SRF programs to finance approximately $2
billion in priority water quality projects each year for the foreseeable future,
Additionally, a portion of Clean Water SRF funds are set aside to assist
disadvantaged Indian tribes in developing adequate wastewater treatment
infrastructure .
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE +5450,000. OK
This change supports the efforts of the SRF program to address water
quality infrastructure needs to address remaining threats to water quality. The
1998 request for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund reflects an increase of
$450,000,000 to offset the adjustment agreed to by the Administration and
Congress between the Clean Water SRF and Drinking Water SRF in the 1997
Appropriation because the necessary Drinking Water SRF authorizing legislation
was not enacted prior to August 1, 1996, resulting in the automatic transfer of
Drinking Water SRF funds to the Clean Water SRF .
9-5
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1997 ENACTED PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $525,000,000 for the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund.
The Clean Water SRF is a fully integrated partnership effort between the
states, localities, and the federal government. This partnership places primary
responsibility for the program at the state and local level, with an emphasis on
promoting coordinated priority setting systems that consider the full spectrum
of eligible projects and activities. The 51 CW-SRF programs provide financial
assistance for wastewater and other infrastructure projects, including "non-
traditional" activities related to nonpoint sources, storm water, combined sewer
overflows, and sanitary sewer overflows. Environmental infrastructure projects
such as these contribute to ecosystem improvements and progress is measured
through reduced loadings of conventional and toxic pollutants in surface waters.
EPA encourages states to include both traditional and non-traditional
eligible activities within the priority setting framework, and to target
financial resources to the highest-priority watersheds and projects within those
watersheds. One half of one percent of funds appropriated from the CW-SRF are
made available to Indian tribes in the form of grants for the construction of
high priority wastewater treatment facilities.
9-6
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DRIMKINGJgATER STATE REVOLVING FUND
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $725,000,000 in 1998 for the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund.
MAJQR ACTIVITIES
The Drinking Water 'State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF) -- authorized by the Safe
Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 -- is potentially the most significant
nationwide advance in drinking water safety since the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) was first passed in 1974. The DW-SRF was a central feature of SDWA
reauthorization, and continued federal support of the DW-SRF is essential for
achieving drinking water .safety improvements for more than 240 million Americans
served by the nation's network of public water systems.
In hundreds of cities and towns, the facilities for drinking water
provision lag behind modern demands for drinking water safety. In some cases,
national standards for drinking water quality ("maximum contaminant levels") and
other treatment requirements have outstripped a community's investments in
drinking water treatment and distribution systems. In other cases, aging and
deteriorated systems need to be restored to ensure continued public health
protection. EPA estimates that 30-40 million people annually are served by a
public water system that violated national drinking water standards. The DW-SRF
provides federal capitalization grants to states. States, in turn, set up
financial assistance programs to fund investments in drinking water facilities.
To ensure a balanced and sustainable approach to drinking water protection
in the future, the SDWA allows states to use set-asides from the DW-SRF to
support pollution prevention, train water supply operators, and implement
comprehensive "capacity development" programs to identify and achieve managerial,
technical and financial improvements in the operation of local water systems.
This state flexibility is a key program component of the new DW-SRF, and promotes
long term solutions to drinking water problems -- protecting not only public
health, but also public investments in drinking water infrastructure.
In addition to set-aside authorities for the states, the 1996 SWDA
Amendments also authorizes a $10 million set-aside for EPA to support health
effects research. The request for these funds is included in the Science and
Technology account.
The Administration continues to support the capitalization of state
revolving funds through the year 2003 to enhance the ability of state partners
to improve public health protection by restoring and improving drinking water
facilities. Continued capitalization will build state revolving funds to support
$500 million annually in the future, and this in combination with other sources
of assistance, will address the most critical national needs for investments
targeted to drinking water safety.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE -5550,000.OK
The 1998 request reflects a decrease of $550,000,000 from the 1997 budget
to offset the adjustment agreed to by the Administration and Congress between the
Clean Water SRF and the Drinking Water SRF" in the 1997 Appropriation. The
reduction is a technical anomaly that results from the timing of the program's
authorization rather than a reduction in the overall program.
9-7
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1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $1,275,000,000 for the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF). The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) includes many specific mandates for the states with respect to the
DW-SRF; many of these mandates are linked to other activities within the new
statute. Before EPA can enter into agreements with states to make capitalization
grants, states must meet several statutory requirements, such as financial
management capabilities, appropriate legal authorities, fiscal audit and control
procedures, and maintenance of primacy for the Public Water Supply Supervision
(PWSS) program. In 1997 states will use the EPA-issued interim guidance to meet
the requirements. Although 30 states have anticipated the authorization of the
DW-SRF and enacted appropriate state legislation, state statutes may have to be
amended and management and administrative processes may have to be "retooled" in
accordance with the DW-SRF provisions set forth in the 1996 amendments. States
will be focusing significant attention on establishing strong fiscal integrity
and control measures.
States are authorized to set-aside some of the funds in their
capitalization grants to support critical activities, particularly prevention
activities, such as source water protection. In addition, the states may set-
aside up to four (4) percent of their capitalization grant for the operation of
the DW-SRF. States will be preparing and submitting intended use plans, required
by the 1996 Amendments, to identify state assistance priorities for public water
systems' distribution and treatment facilities as well as priorities for the set-
asides from the DW-SRF.
9-8
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NEEDS
The Agency requests a total of $278,000,000 in 1998 for Special
Infrastructure Needs programs .
MEXICO BORDER PROJECTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $150,000,000 in 1998 for Mexico Border
projects.
Mexico Border funds support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
and the U.S. /Mexico Border Plan for the planning, design, construction and
related activities associated with high priority water and wastewater treatment
projects.
• The communities along both sides of the U.S. /Mexico Border continue to face
serious human health and environmental threats because of the lack of adequate
wastewater and drinking water infrastructure. Many rivers in this area, have
transboundary flows, or in the case of the Rio Grande, form the international
border. Untreated domestic and industrial wastes contaminate both sides of the
Border. EPA will continue to provide infrastructure funding for water and
wastewater treatment plants in both the U.S. and Mexico. In 1998, EPA, the
Mexican government, the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC)and the
North American Development Bank will continue to cooperate in setting priorities
for funding water and wastewater infrastructure projects in the U.S. /Mexico
Border area. The Agency will allocate $100,000,000 for priority projects in the
border area. These projects will address the serious problems of sanitation
caused by the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated domestic and
industrial wastewater flowing from Mexico which threaten international and U.S.
waters, as well as priority projects on the U.S. side.
The Agency will continue to support bringing wastewater treatment to Texas
Colonias settlements along the Border. $50,000,000 will be allocated for grants
to address the very serious human health risks and environmental threats faced
by these colonias communities on the U.S. side of the Border.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE No Change
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $150,000,000 for Mexico Border projects.
These funds support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the
U.S. /Mexico Border Plan for the planning, design, construction and related
activities associated with high priority water and wastewater treatment projects
along the Border.
In 1997, EPA, the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC) and the
North American Development Bank continues to cooperate in setting priorities for
funding water and wastewater infrastructure projects along the U.S. /Mexico
Border. The Agency allocates $100,000,000 for priority projects along the
border. These projects address the serious water quality problems caused by
the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated domestic and industrial
wastewater flowing from Mexico which threaten international and U.S. waters, as
well as priority projects on the U.S. side.
9-9
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The Agency continues to provide $50,000,000 to support bringing wastewater
treatment to Texas Colonias settlements along the Border.
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $128,000,000 in 1998 for Special
Infrastructure Needs programs .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Of the funds requested for special needs programs, $100,000,000 will be
targeted to communities where documented secondary treatment needs exceed
$2,000,000,000 as reported in EPA's 1992 Needs Survey database as of February 4,
1993 and wastewater user charges for residential use of 7,000 gallons based on
the Ernst & Young National Water and Wastewater 1992 Rate Survey are greater than
0.65 percent of 1989 median household income for the primary metropolitan
statistical areas as measured by the Bureau of Census in 1990 .
Ten million dollars is targeted for a grant to New Orleans, Louisiana,
which will support planning., design, construction, and other activities related
to the unique storm water problems in the city's sewer system. Because most of
New Orleans is below sea level and subsidence and settlement of the soil are
constant problems, repair and upgrade of the New Orleans system is an expensive
and continuous process. The project is necessary to limit raw sewage discharge
from broken pipes and storm water- influenced overflows from contaminating the
storm drainage system and Lake Ponchartrain .
Fifteen million dollars is targeted to address the special water and
wastewater treatment needs of rural and Alaskan Native Villages, in which
approximately 20,000 people in 4,700 households lack basic sanitation. The
current basic sanitation systems employed by these villages are inadequate and
the occurrence of contamination and communicable diseases, such as meningitis and
hepatitis A, are quite high.
Three million dollars is targeted for Bristol County, Massachusetts, which
will support planning, design, construction, and other activities related to
combined sewer overflow (CSO) controls. The .Fall River Project is estimated to
cost more than $100 million, which will have a significant impact upon residents
of this City that has an unemployment rate (per 1990 Census) of 10 percent. When
completed, this project is expected to increase user charges by more than 1
percent of median household income. (This increase is in addition to current
charges and does not reflect any other needed infrastructure improvements . ) The
New Bedford project is expected to cost more than $160 million, not including
additional combined sewer overflow corrections that need to be addressed in the
future. A Consent Decree signed in 1987 (failure to meet the secondary treatment
deadline) governs the New Bedford Project- New Bedford is experiencing endemic
unemployment (per 1990 census) of 12 percent and greater, and in addition, is now
facing the decline of the fishing industry.
OF ........... CHANGE -.55 8. 000. OK
This request includes an overall decrease of $58,000,000 reflecting a
$84,950,000 reduction in funding for specif ic -wastewater, water and groundwater
protection infrastructure grants earmarked in the 1997 Budget-.
The request also reflects an increase of $25,000,000 for those communities
that meet criteria for both high user fees and capital investment needs in excess
of $2,000,000,000; an increase of $1,500,000 for the grant to New Orleans,
9-10
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Louisiana; and an increase of $450,000 in a grant for Bristol County,
Massachusetts which will support planning, design, construction and other
activities related to the sewer problems of the municipalities' sewer systems.
1997PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $186,000,000 for special needs programs.
In 1998, four special needs are identified.
Of these funds, $75,000,000 is targeted to communities where documented
secondary treatment needs exceed $2,000,000,000 as reported in EPA's 1992 Needs
Survey database as of February 4, 1993 and wastewater user charges for
residential use of 7,000 gallons based on the Ernst & Young National Water and
Wastewater 1992 Rate Survey are greater than 0.65 percent of 1989 median
household income for the primary metropolitan statistical areas as measured by
the Bureau of Census in 1990.
In 1998, the budget request $8,500,000 for a New Orleans, Louisiana grant
to support planning, design, construction, and other activities related to this
city's unique storm water problems in their sewer system.
The 1998 budget also request $15,000,000 for rural and Alaskan Native
Villages grants to address the special water and wastewater treatment needs of
approximately 20,000 people in 4,700 households that lack basic sanitation.
Finally, $2,550,000 is requested for a Bristol County, Massachusetts grant
to support planning, design, construction, and other activities related to
combined sewer overflow (CSO) controls. The Falls River, Massachusetts project
is estimated to cost more than $100 million, which will have a significant impact
upon residents of this City that has an unemployment rate (per 1990 Census) of
10 percent. The New Bedford, Massachusetts project is expected to cost more
than $160 million, not including additional combined sewer overflow corrections
that need to be addressed in the future. New Bedford is experiencing endemic
unemployment (per 1990 census) of 12 percent and greater, and in addition, is now
facing the decline of the fishing industry.
Congressional Directives: The Agency is implementing Congressional
directives for appropriated earmarks, including: $1,700,-000 for wastewater
improvements in Essex County, Massachusetts; $5,000,000 for wastewater
improvements in Middlebury, Vermont; $13,600,000 for continuing clean water
improvements at Onondaga Lake; $1,150,000 for wastewater improvements in
Franklin, Huntington and Clearfield Counties, Pennsylvania; $5,400,000 for
wastewater improvements in Berkeley County, South Carolina; $8,500,000 for
continued development of the TARP activity in Chicago, Illinois; $16,000,000 for
continuation of the Rouge River National Wet Weather project; $2,000,000 for the
North East Ohio Regional Sewer District; $2,850,000 for Agua Sana Water users
Association, New Mexico; $1,750,000 for wastewater treatment improvements in
O'Neil, Nebraska; $5,000,000 for the Taney County, Missouri. Common Sewer
District; $11,000,000 for the Mojave Water Agency; $1,000,000 for Virgin Valley,
Nevada for water delivery system improvements; $8,000,000 for water quality
improvements at Tanner' Creek in Portland, Oregon; and, $2,000,000 for
infrastructure improvements in Kodiak, Alaska.
9-11
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9-12
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UAH'i'J&L) 5T&XES ENVUftDNMENTJ&Xi PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
STATE AND IRIBM. ASSISTANCE SRMMCS
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 97
AA AIR S RADIATION
OZONE/CO/NOX
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
110,506.7 105,622.6 105,788,3 103,427.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-2,360.5
0.0
PM/VISIBILITY/REGIONAL HAZE/LEAD
TOTAL DOLLARS 19,216.5 1B,571.5
FTES 0.0 0.0
18,569.2 28,466.3
0.0 0.0
9,897.1
0.0
AIR TOXICS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
22,822.2
0.0
21,346.0
0.0
21,384.7
0.0
22,134.7
0.0
750.0
0.0
PERMITS/PSD/NS R/CSI
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
8,601.8
0.0
5,000.0
0.0
5,000.0
0,0
5,000.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
ACID RAIN/502
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
9,330.5
0.0
8,330.0
0-0
8,330.0
0.0
6,330.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
7,755.0
0.0
8,158.0
0.0
8,158.0
0.0
8,15B.O
0.0
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
TOTAL DOLLARS: 178,232.7 167,230.1 167,230.2 175,516.8 8,286.6
FTE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9-13
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STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
AIR AMD RADIATION OVERVIEW
AIR ASP RADIATION
Mift.llpgRAM REOPBST
The Agency requests a total of $175,516,800 in the State and Tribal
Assistance Grants Account for the Office of Air and Radiation.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
EPA provides financial support to multi-state, state, local and tribal air
pollution control and public health organizations in the form of direct grants
for the prevention and control of air pollution and for assistance in radon
abatement. EPA provides resources for air pollution control to organizations
primarily to develop and implement strategies and regulatory programs to meet the
requirements of the Clean Air Act. Key programs include: attainment and
maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), reduction of
population exposure to air toxics, prevention of significant deterioration of air
quality, protection of visibility for clean air areas, and reduction of acid
deposition.
The grants provided under this program help build state, local and tribal
capacity to develop clean air plans for meeting the NAAQSs, implement mobile
source and fuels programs included in the plans, enforce source emission
regulations and requirements not funded with Title V fees, review and permit
minor sources, monitor ambient air quality in order to assess environmental
quality and progress, develop information and tools necessary for regulatory and
policy decisions, and inform and educate the public about air pollution effects
and controls. In addition, these funds promote the assumption and implementation
of other Clean Air Act responsibilities, including those for reduction of acid
deposition, the protection of visibility, and the implementation of New Source
Performance Standards (NSPSs), National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs), and Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards,
EPA supplements resource assistance to state, local and tribal air pollution
control programs by providing training in specialized areas of air pollution
control for both mobile and stationary sources.
For 1998 EPA will give priority to funding programs to meet clean air
standards, particularly those for ozone ("smog") and particulate matter ("soot") .
.Increased resources will assist state, local and tribal governments in deploying
new monitoring equipment to gain background information on the nature and origin
of fine particles. EPA will provide financial and technical support to multi-
state organizations and will implement recommendations .resulting from their joint
efforts, including the operation of a nitrogen oxides allowance trading system.
EPA will join with states in the "MACT partnership" program, a program to develop
MACT standards for sources or pollutants of particular concern to participating
states. States will continue to implement the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
portions of the acid rain program. In addition, EPA will target resources to
assessing radiation problems in Alaskan Native villages.
To support multi-state, state, local and tribal clean air programs EPA
requests $157,190,000 for 1398 for Resource Assistance for State and Local
Agencies and $10,168,800 for Resource Assistance for Tribal Program Grants. In
addition, EPA requests a total of $8,158,000 for 1S98 to support Indoor
Environment Grants. These funds will be used by states and tribes in achieving
goals for measuring and reducing radon levels in homes.
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QZQHE / CARBOM MQHQXIOE / NITSQgEN OXIDES
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $103,427,800 for 1998 in the State and
Tribal Assistance Grant Account for the Ozone/Carbon Monoxide /Nitrogen Oxides
program component. Multi-state, state, tribal, and local organizations will
implement the goal for clean outdoor air through programs to meet national clean
air standards. In 1998 EPA will give priority to clean air programs for meeting
standards in areas with unhealthful levels of ozone or "smog." The Clean Air Act
classifies these areas as "serious, " "severe, " or "extreme" based on measured
ozone levels. To help address pollutant transport that contributes to ozone
levels, states have joined in multi-state organizations to analyze the problem
and identify mutually acceptable control measures. EPA provides financial and
technical support to these organizations and helps facilitate coordination among
states. In 1,998 EPA will work with states to implement recommendations resulting
from their joint efforts, including a nitrogen oxides allowance trading system.
State and local agencies will continue to upgrade their clean air plans to
further reduce the emissions of smog-forming pollutants. These agencies also
will continue to implement vehicle inspection and maintenance programs and to
develop, expand, and implement other mobile source control measures. The
agencies will evaluate the effectiveness of their plans on a continuing basis
through measuring ozone levels and tracking reductions in pollutant emissions.
In addition, the agencies will provide the public with information on air
quality, the health and other effects of air pollution, and measures necessary
to prevent adverse effects. The agencies will also develop and provide
information specifically addressing the contributions of mobile sources to the
air pollution problem as well as the measures being employed to reduce those
emissions such as inspection/maintenance programs, and transportation related
measures .
State and local agencies will maintain their core programs through regular
updates of inventories of pollutant emissions and through the systematic
upgrading and replacement of air monitoring networks. The agencies also will
continue to enhance the capabilities of their personnel through regular training .
EPA will improve and expand training opportunities for state and local personnel,
including use of satellite delivery.
EPA will continue financial support to Federally- recognized Indian tribes
in the form of grants for the prevention and control of air pollution on Indian
reservations. The Agency will provide resources to Indian tribes to develop and
implement strategies and regulatory programs to protect tribal air quality and
meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act . These programs may include : air
quality monitoring, emissions inventories, and measures necessary to attain and
maintain federal clean air standards . ;
E&BTICUIiATE MATTER / VISIBILITY / REGIONAL LJffi&ZE
1998 L PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $28,466,300 for 1998 for the Particulate
Matter/Visibility/Regional Haze program component. In 1998 EPA also will give
priority to state, tribal, and local clean air programs for areas with
unhealthful levels of small particles. States with areas designated as "serious"
for PM-10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) will
continue to implement control measures to help these areas meet the national
clean air standard for PM-10. Research has shown that finer particles are
associated with serious health effects and increased mortality rates. The Agency
9-15
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will make a final decision on the need for a fine particle (PM-fine) air quality
standard in 1997. State, tribal and local agencies will begin the deployment of
new monitoring equipment to gain background information on the nature and origin
of fine particles. If EPA does set a new standard, states and tribes will need
to begin to develop emission control programs to meet the standard. EPA will
continue to support programs to reduce regional haze, particularly in nationally
important areas such as the Grand Canyon and the Southern Appalachian Mountains,
and to provide funding for measuring visibility in these and other pristine
areas.
EPA will provide financial support to the tribes for Particulate Matter,
Visibility and Regional Haze programs. These funds will support the tribes as
they assess their air quality program requirements and build the infrastructure
for operating their own programs. These programs may include: air quality
monitoring, emissions inventories., and measures necessary to attain and maintain
federal clean air standards. In addition, EPA will improve and expand training
opportunities for tribal personnel.
AIR TOXICS
1998PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $22,134,700 for 1998 for the Air Toxics
program component. State, tribal and local agencies will expand control programs
for assessing and reducing public exposure to toxic air pollutants. The agencies
will reduce exposures both through control efforts, such as the implementation
of Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards, directed .at these
pollutants and as a secondary benefit of control efforts directed at ozone-
producing compounds, small particles, and other pollutants. In 1998 EPA will
again join with states in the "MACT partnership" program. This program allows
states to participate in the development of MACT standards where they have a
particular interest in certain pollutants or source categories. States also will
expand their measurement of toxic pollutants in the air, in part by adding this
capability to high-technology monitoring networks established to measure ozone
levels in "serious", "severe," and "extreme" areas-
In addition, EPA will target funds to the Alaskan Native Villages to assess
the effect of nuclear waste disposal by the Former Soviet Union and atmospheric
transport and deposition of radioactive pollutants resulting from nuclear
accidents in other countries.
PERMITS / PSD / NSR / CSI
1998 PROGRAM REQOS ST
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 for 1998 for the
Permits/PSD/NSR/CSI program component. In 1998, states and locals will continue
their responsibility of permitting minor sources and monitoring their emissions.
These sources do not pay fees and are not covered by the Title V permit program.
Increasing numbers of sources that "would be subject to Title V permit
requirements are purposefully limiting their production capacities and/or their
hours of operation in order to be defined as synthetic minor sources. As a
synthetic minor source, the facility is no .longer subject- to the Title V
requirements, including the payment of permit fees. These sources, however, are
still subject to state and local permitting requirements.
ACID. ...RAIN / guligPR DIOXIDE
1998 PROGRAM ESOOSST
The Agency requests a total of $8,330,000 for 1998 for-the Acid Rain/Sulfur
Dioxide program component. States will continue to carry out activities to
9-16
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implement the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides portions of the Acid Rain
Program. Specific program activities include certification and recertification
of continuous emissions monitors (CEMs) , field' audits of CEMs, and permitting
activities. In addition, some states and tribes may use acid rain grant funds for
monitoring programs to help assess the success of the program in reducing
environmental risks .
INDOOR ^ENVIRONMENTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
EPA requests a total of $8,158,000 for the Indoor Environments program
component. In 1998 EPA will assist in the development and implementation of
programs to assess, mitigate, and prevent radon problems. EPA will work with
states, tribes, and other stakeholders to establish quantitative goals and focus
on achieving reductions in health risks . Programs funded through these grants
and cooperative agreements include activities such as carrying out radon surveys;
conducting radon assessment, mitigation, and prevention programs; developing
public information and education materials; developing data storage and
management systems; operating radon hotlines; and purchasing analytical
equipment .
In 1998 the Agency will target the use of grant dollars for the following
five risk reduction activities: promoting the adoption of radon-resistant new
construction standards and techniques, testing and mitigation during real estate
transactions, building and sustaining local coalitions getting schools tested
and when necessary, mitigated for radon and setting results goals (for radon
testing, mitigation, and new construction) as well as continued work on other
risk reduction issues such as environmental justice.
SXEIANATIQH ..... of ........ GOKNGS +S8.286.6K
PM-fine Monitoring +58 .730 .OK
Issuance of a new fine particle standard in 1997 will require the
deployment of new monitoring instruments in 1998 and following years. EPA
requests additional resources to fund the operation of this initial network and
the purchase of new monitoring instruments for deployment in 1998 through early
1999. The "PM-fine" network will provide the basis for states, tribes and EPA
to identify areas with unhealthful levels of fine particles and to develop
control strategies for those areas . Without sufficient funding to support the
states' monitoring programs, the entire process for regulating the PM-fine
sources will be delayed, as will the related health benefits that will result.
The initial monitoring instruments will be located to provide full
geographic coverage with initial emphasis on high population, high pollution
PM-10 areas and high ozone areas. The new samplers will include Federal Reference
Monitors, special purpose monitors, and continuous particulate matter analyzers.
In addition, special monitoring studies with emphasis on filter analysis are
needed to both design adequate networks and to lay the ground work for future
strategy development. There will be only limited offsets from the current PM-10
program, because the interim program guidance continues much of the PM-10 program
while adding the PM fine program.
+S4ifl286. 6K
The Tribal Authority Rule, to be promulgated in 1997, will authorize tribes
to be treated as states for purposes of developing air quality management
programs. These programs may include: development of emission inventories for
tribal lands; updates of reservation boundaries through GPS surveys ;
implementation of air monitoring networks to assess air quality problems,- needs
9-17
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assessments to determine the kinds of air programs to develop; and technical
support for developing specific air programs. These resources also will provide
additional training and professional development opportunities to build tribal
infrastructure and develop a new cadre of tribal environmental professionals.
Of the increase, $1,167,100 is for PM-fine funds, $2,369,500 is for
Ozone/CO/NOx related work and $750,000 is for Air Toxics. Specifically, the Air
Toxics funds will be targeted to an initiative, to be undertaken jointly by EPA
and consortia of Alaskan Native Villages, to assess the effect of nuclear waste
disposal by the Former Soviet Union and atmospheric transport and deposition of
radioactive pollutants resulting from nuclear accidents in other countries.
Ongoing Monitoring- -$4.730.OK
In addition to the $4,000,000 increase requested, the Agency will reprogram
$2,000,000 from the photochemical air monitoring system (PAMS) . PAMS will
continue to monitor for ozone, but the Agency will defer deployment of enhanced
ozone monitors. The Agency will also reprogram $2,730,000 from the emissions
inventory data delivery effort. These reprogrammings will help assure that
sufficient "PM-fine" monitors are deployed in a timely manner.
Reduced OTAG Support -SI.755.OK
The Agency will reprogram $1,255,000 used to assist the Ozone Transport
Assessment Group and $500,000 to support the market based incentives program to
support the establishment of state-run Regional Strategy Centers. OTAG will have
completed its work, and implementation of approved recommendations will begin in
1998.
Regional Strs^tagy Centers +£1,755,000
To provide additional assistance in the development of strategies to attain
the NAAQS for ozone, PM-fine and Regional Haze, the Agency will support the
establishment of Regional Strategy Centers. These 3 to 5 Centers located in the
northeast, southeast, midwest, west and far west will serve to develop regionally
integrated plans that the states will incorporate into their own clean air plans
as their principal attainment strategies.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency will devote a total of $167,230,200 in 1997 in the State and
Trib'al Assistance Grants account for the air media.
OZONE / CARBON MOWOXTDE.../ KflTROGENOXIDES
The Agency's Budget is a total of $105,788,300 for the Ozone/Carbon
Monoxide/Nitrogen Oxides program component.
In 1997 EPA will give priority to plean air programs for meeting standards
in areas with unhealthful levels of "ozone or "smog." The Clean Air Act
classifies these areas as "serious," "severe," or "extreme" based on measured
ozone levels. For these areas, states must demonstrate how they will achieve
healthful air quality and submit revised clean air plans in 1997. To help
address pollutant transport that contributes to ozone levels, states have joined
in multi-state organizations to analyze the problem and identify mutually
acceptable control measures. EPA will provide financial and technical support
to these organizations and help facilitate coordination among states.
State and local agencies will continue to upgrade their clean air plans to
further reduce the emission of smog-forming pollutants. These agencies also will
continue to implement vehicle inspection and maintenance programs and develop,
expand, and implement other mobile source control measures. The agencies will
9-18
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evaluate the effectiveness of their plans on a continuing basis through measuring
ozone levels and tracking reductions in pollutant emissions.
State and local agencies will maintain their core programs through regular
updates of inventories of pollutant emissions and through the systematic
upgrading and replacement of air monitoring networks. The agencies also will
continue to enhance the capabilities of their personnel through regular training.
EPA will improve and expand training opportunities for state, tribal and local
personnel., including use of satellite delivery.
In 1997 EPA will be promulgating the Tribal Authority Rule that grants
tribes authority to implement and administer Clean Air Act programs in
essentially the same manner as states. The regulation authorizes tribes to
submit Clean Air Act programs for EPA approval, but will not require tribes to
develop such programs. EPA expects approximately 10 to 15 tribes to be ready to
develop applications for eligibility to manage air quality tribal air quality
programs. Another 10 to 15 tribes will continue to assess their air quality
problems and explore options for developing air quality programs. Tribes may
implement those programs, or portions of programs, that are most relevant to the
air quality needs of tribes. The regulation will incorporate EPA's streamlined
eligibility review and approval process that tribes must follow to obtain
approval to implement Clean Air Act programs. EPA will simultaneously review
tribal applications for eligibility and Clean Air Act program submittals.
gARI'JC33Iil.rK___Ma.TTKR / VISIBIIiITY /REGIONAL HAZE
The Agency's Budget is a total of $18,569,200 for the Particulate
Matter/Visibility/Regional Haze program component.
In 1997 EPA also will give priority to state and local clean air programs
for areas with unhealthful levels of small particles. States with areas
designated as "serious" for PM-10 will implement control measures to help meet
the national clean air standard. EPA will continue to support programs to reduce
regional haze, particularly in nationally important areas such as the Grand
Canyon and the 'Southern Appalachian Mountains, and to provide funding for
measuring visibility in these and other pristine areas. States will also begin
implementing monitoring programs to assess "PM-fine." Initially, states will
deploy special purpose monitors to gain background information regarding where
elevated concentrations of "PM-fine" may occur.
In 1997 EPA will be promulgating a Tribal Authority Rule that grants tribes
authority to implement and administer Clean Air Act programs in essentially the
same manner as states. The regulation authorizes tribes to submit Clean Air Act
programs for EPA approval, but will not require tribes to develop such programs.
EPA expects approximately 10 to 15 tribes to be ready to develop applications for
eligibility to manage air quality tribal air quality programs. Another 10 to 15
tribes will continue to assess their air quality problems and explore options for
developing air quality programs. Tribes may implement those programs, or
portions of programs, that are most relevant to the air quality needs of tribes.
The regulation will incorporate EPA's streamlined eligibility review and approval
process that tribes must follow to obtain approval to implement Clean Air Act
programs. EPA will simultaneously review tribal applications for eligibility and
Clean Air Act program submittals.
AIR TOXICS
The Agency's Budget is a total of $21,384,700 for the Air Toxics program
component.
State and local agencies will expand control programs for assessing and
reducing public exposure to toxic air pollutants. The agencies will reduce
exposures both through control efforts directed at these pollutants and as a
9-19
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secondary benefit of control efforts directed at ozone-producing compounds, small
particles, and other pollutants. In 1997 EPA will join with states in the
carrying out the "MACT partnership" program. States will expand their
measurement of toxic pollutants in the air, in part by adding this capability to
existing high-technology monitoring networks established to measure ozone levels.
PERMITS / PSD / HSR / CSI
The Agency's budget is a total of $5,000,000 for the Permits/PSD/NSR/CSI
program component. In 1997, states and locals will continue their responsibility
of monitoring minor sources. These sources do not pay fees and are not covered
by the Title V permit program.
ACID RAIN / SOIiFOR PIOXIDg
The Agency's budget is a total of $8,330,000 for the Acid Rain/Sulfur
Dioxide program component. States will continue to carry out activities to
implement the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides portions of the Acid Rain
Program. Specific program activities include certification and recertification
of continupus emissions monitors (CBMs), field audits of CEMs, and permitting
activities. In addition, some states and tribes may use acid rain grant funds for
monitoring programs to help assess the success of the program in reducing
environmental risks.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
The Agency's budget is a total of $8,158,000 for the Indoor Environments
program component.
Major activities within this program are assessment, mitigation, and
prevention of radon problems. EPA continues to work with states, tribes, and
other stakeholders to establish quantitative goals and focus on achieving risk
reduction results, state programs funded through these grants and cooperative
agreements include activities such as carrying out radon surveys; conducting
radon assessment, mitigation, and prevention programs; developing public
information and education materials; developing data storage and management
systems,- operating radon hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment.
In administering the program, the Agency continues to emphasize targeting
areas with high health risks, promoting the adoption of radon-resistant new
construction standards and techniques, testing and mitigation during real estate
transactions, and environmental justice efforts. EPA encourages states to
increase collaboration with local groups and partner affiliates through funded
and non-funded activities tied directly to environmental results.
9-20
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OHXTHD SXKTES JSNVXROHMENTAIi BR0TECTXOH AGENCY
FX98 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
STATE KSD TH1BBI, ASSISTJkHCE GRANTS
NPM snMHBact: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollaxs in thousands)
PRDGRftM COMPONENT
FY 1996
OF vaa
K 1997
PRES. BOD.
FY 1997
EHftCTED
FIT 1998
BOD. EEQ-
DIFFEREHCE
98 - 97
COMELIflHCE MDB1TORIHG
TOTAL DOIUUtS
FIBS
16,133.6
0.0
16,133.6
0.0
16,133.7
0.0
ri,sii.fi
o.o
1,377.9
0.0
COMELXAHCE ASSXSTAHCE
TOTAL DOLLARS
fTES
6,098.2
0.0
6,486.2
0.0
6,486.2
0.0
6,864.2
0.0
37S.O
0.0
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GHAUTS
TOTAL DOLLARS: 22,231.8 22,619.8 22,619.9 24,375.8 1,755.9
FIB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9-21
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APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
The Agency requests a total of $24,375,800 for 1998 in the State and Tribal
Assistance Grants account for the Office of Enforcement and. Compliance Assurance.
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) will provide assistance to states
and tribes for both compliance monitoring and compliance assistance activities .
The states and tribes, through the cooperative agreement enforcement program, are
the primary means for enforcing the retirements of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) . STAG Enforcement grants will support
enforcement of worker protection requirements, the Pesticides in Groundwater
Strategy, as well as other pesticide initiatives . Cooperative agreement
participants together will conduct more than 60,000 inspections this year.
STAG Enforcement grants will also provide direct grant funding to states
and tribes to conduct compliance inspections and compliance assurance activities
under section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) . The program will
work in partnership with states to develop comprehensive TSCA authorities for
case development and for new lead enforcement regulations. The recently enacted
Title IV of TSCA, controlling lead-based paint, will encourage and support states
in establishing enforcement programs to implement the act and prevent lead
exposure of children and the general public.
COMPI.IANCE MQNITQRIlig
1998 PRQ_SSaM HQJIST
The Agency requests a total of $17,511,600 for 1998 in the STAG
appropriation for the STAG Compliance Monitoring Program Component .
The states, through the cooperative agreement enforcement program, are the
primary means for enforcing the requirements of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) . The Program Component supports the FIFRA
program in all current participating states, territories, and Indian Nations.
MAJOR ACTIVITJES
In 1998, Compliance Monitoring state enforcement grants will support
enforcement of worker protection requirements, the Pesticides in Groundwater
Strategy, as well as other pesticide initiatives . Cooperative agreement
participants together conduct more than 60,000 inspections annually. The
Pesticides Use Reduction initiative, established in 1995, will continue to
utilize the expertise of state personnel to conduct inspections and monitor
'compliance in pilot states. The Program Component will again target high-risk
areas to achieve the Administration's goal of reduced pesticide use. A
combination of federal and state compliance activities will be used to promote
pesticide use reduction, use of safer pesticides, and alternatives to chemical
control .
OF CHANGS; -t-Sl , 377 . 9K
In 1998, the STAG Compliance Monitoring .Program Component invest $1,000,000
to address the increased workload placed on the states as a result of the newly
enacted Food Quality Protection Act. The food safety program is almost entirely
a state run. program. States will use these resources to increase their
inspections by 500 of pesticides newly regulated by the legislation.
9-22
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The Agency also requests an increase of $377,900 in STAG Compliance
Monitoring grants to assist Indian tribes. The Agency provides funding to tribes
to implement pesticide compliance and enforcement programs on Tribal lands where
states have no enforcement authority. Over twenty tribes are participating in
this grant program at present, using the grants to build compliance and
enforcement programs for pesticide standards, regulations, and other
requirements established under tribal law. However, current funds for tribes are
very limited and tribal needs directly compete with state needs.
The Program Component will use additional funds to enhance tribal programs
and to provide training to .senior tribal regulatory officials in the latest
theories and techniques for effective compliance and enforcement programs. This
investment addresses the Agency's tribal priority, and it is also an
environmental justice project because children on tribal lands face a
disproportionate risk from exposure to pesticides.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget of $16,133,700 continues to be the primary means for
enforcing the requirements of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) . The Program Component is supporting the FIFRA program in all
participating states, territories, and Indian Nations. Cooperative agreement
participants together are conducting more than 60,000 inspections annually. In
1997, the STAG Compliance Monitoring Program Component is funding support of
worker protection requirements, the Pesticides in Groimdwater Strategy, as well
as other pesticide initiatives.
The Pesticides Use Reduction initiative, established in 1995, is using the
expertise of state personnel to conduct inspections and monitor compliance in
pilot states. The program is targeting high-risk areas to achieve the
Administration's goal of reduced pesticide use, A combination of federal and
state compliance activities is promoting pesticide use reduction, use of safer
pesticides, and alternatives to chemical control.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
1998 PROSRAH REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $6,864,200 for 1998 in the STAG Compliance
Assistance Program Component.
This Program Component provides direct grant funding to states and tribes
to conduct compliance inspections and compliance assurance activities under
section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act {TSCA).
The Program Component also works in partnership with states on developing
comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development and for new lead enforcement
regulations. The recently enacted Title XV of TSCA, controlling lead-based
paint, encourages and supports states in establishing enforcement programs to
implement the act and prevent lead exposure of children and the general public,.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 1998, the STAG Compliance Assistance Program Component request will fund
state enforcement grants for two types of activities: (1) the traditional state
TSCA enforcement work and (2) multimedia, sector-based compliance monitoring -
a program EPA first funded in 1995.
"Under the traditional TSCA grant program, the Agency will provide
$4,650,000 in grants to the states for cooperative agreements. States will
undertake inspections of high risk handlers of toxic substances and will address
9-23
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the mishandling of asbestpp in public and commercial buildings, as well as high
risk situations resulting from non-compliance with PCB requirements.
The STAG Compliance Assistance Program Component will also use the broad
authority available under TSCA to support state multimedia compliance and
enforcement projects $2,214,200. Multimedia grant agreements allow states and
tribes to operate comprehensive compliance monitoring and assistance programs on
a facility-wide and industry sector basis. With the increased cooperation of the
states and tribes these extra funds afford, the Agency will realize a much
greater level of compliance coverage than could be supported by current federal
staffing levels and current state grants,
EXPLANATION Off CHaMQEi +S378.0K
In 1998, the STAG Compliance Assistance Program Component will devote an
increase of $378,000 to enhance compliance assurance capabilities of tribal
environmental programs. Prior to implementing compliance assurance programs,
tribes must develop their own regulatory authorities and programs. This
investment proposal would allow tribes to: (1) identify their cross-media
environmental management and environmental protection priorities and goals; (2)
identify cultural, institutional, legal, and resource barriers to compliance with
environmental regulations; and, (3) develop the regulatory authority, and build
the capacity for, environmental programs that best address the environmental
protection needs of the Tribe.
IS97BROSRAM
The Agency's budget is $6,486,200 for the STAG Compliance Assistance
Program Component. This program is providing direct funding to states and tribes
to conduct compliance inspections and compliance assurance activities under
section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). These cooperative
agreements support state asbestos inspections of buildings and handling practices
which pose a high risk of exposure to the public. They also provide for
investigations of high risk situations resulting from noncompliance with PCB
requirements. The grant program also supports the TSCA State-Federal partnership
through state development of comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development
and new lead enforcement regulations.
In 1997, the Program Component is supporting state operation of
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs that are multi-media in nature and
use facility-wide and industry sector approaches. The program is providing
states with a total of $1,836,200 for these programs. With the increased
cooperation of the states, the STAG Compliance Assistance Program Component
promotes a much greater level of compliance coverage than could be realized by
current federal staffing levels.
9-24
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UNITED STATES EHVTBONMENTAI. BROTBCTIOH AHBHCX
FT93 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GBAHTS
PROGRAM COMPONENT
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
FY 1996
OP PLAN
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
FY 1997
ENACTED
FY 1998
BUD. REQ.
DIFFERENCE
98 - 9'7
AA PESTICIDES £ TOXIC SUBST
Field Programs and External Activities
TOTAL DOLLARS 13,939.6
FTES 0,0
11,672.1
0.0
11,672.1
0.0
11,672.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Environmental Partnerships
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
1,142.5
0.0
1,142.5
0.0
1,142.5
0.0
1,442.5
0.0
300.0
0.0
Lead
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
12,500,0
0.0
12,500.0
0.0
12,500.0
0.0
13,712.2
0.0
1,212.2
0.0
Pollution Prevention Leadership
TOTAL DOLLARS 5,999.5 5,999.5 5,999.5 5,999.5
FTES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
TOTAL DOLLARS: 33,581.6 31,314.1 31,314.1 32,826.3 1,512.2
FTE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9-25
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APPROPRIATIONS ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
FJET.T> PROGRAMS AND BXTERNAIi ACTIVITIES
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $11,672,100 for 1998 in the Field Activities
and External Activities Program Component in the State and Tribal Assistance
Grants appropriation.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The major activities in this appropriation support the Agency's
environmental goals of Healthy Terrestrial Ecosystems, Clean Water, and
Preventing Waste and Toxic Products.
In 1998, the areas of emphasis will continue to include worker protection,
protection of water resources (ground and surface), and Certification and
Training (C&T). In the implementation of these programs, the Agency considers
integrated 'pest management (IPM) and environmental stewardship of vital
importance.
Worker Protection groggam Grantp ($3,534,900}: Grants will help states,
with regional assistance, continue implementation of the Worker Protection
Standard (WPS). The Agency will continue improvement, development, and
dissemination of training materials to ensure an effective program. The states
will continue their communications and education programs. Continued success of
the WPS implementation and related product label changes will continue to require
massive communication and public outreach efforts to inform workers and employers
about requirements. With 3-4 million workers and over one million agricultural
establishments, the quality and frequency of the training and education programs
will continue to be critical to successful implementation of the WPS
requirements.
The WPS contains provisions to reduce or eliminate certain workers'
exposures to pesticides, mitigate pesticide exposures that occur and provide
information that will assist workers in protecting themselves. Among the
requirements are those for application and entry restrictions, training,
decontamination, emergency assistance and hazard communication. Effectiveness
of the effort requires a well targeted, high quality program in communications,
development and distribution of support materials such as videos and brochures,
training .and follow-up. Implementation will require additional outreach efforts.
Groundwater. Grants {§4,574,000)s Resources will assist the states, under
Regional guidance, continue development, 'submission, and implementation of site
specific management plans for the Pesticide's Groundwater Program. Resources
will provide for implementation • of state management plans for identified
pesticides that may impact groundwater in the states. This work will require
escalated state effort in conducting vulnerability assessments and implementing
management measures based on assessments. Resources will also provide for
development and implementation of specific plans for the use of several
pesticides in the states. Implementation of the "Pesticides and Groundwater
Strategy" will continue to be an important priority for EPA and will require
intense effort by Headquarters, the Regions, states and local agencies. The
states will continue to submit pesticide specific state management plans for
approval. Development and implementation of these plans will require
concentrated state efforts in conducting vulnerability assessments, monitoring,
9-26
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implementing management measures, and disseminating information to users. As
envisioned by the Agency's "Groundwater Protection Strategy" and in conjunction
with other EPA programs, state grant activities will be integrated to avoid
unnecessary duplication of effort and achieve more consistent and effective
protection of the resources.
Endangered Species Bgogp**"' "rants ($550,000): Resources will provide
opportunities for states to develop state-initiated plans which can replace or
modify the federal program with provisions that best .fit local needs. The
overall program will be a mixture of federally developed provisions and local
recommendations developed in the state-initiated plans. Resources will provide
for communication and outreach efforts, especially in geographic areas with many
listed species. As the federal program is implemented, more states will develop
state-initiated plans tailored to meet their local needs which vary due to
different crops, species and pesticide usage. The Regions and all states will
review and comment on maps and county bulletins.
C&T ProgramGrants ($3,013,200): Regional offices will continue to provide
technical expertise on pesticide issues such as C&T, application techniques,
toxicity, storage and proper disposition activities, and restricted use
pesticides. Revisions to the regulations will require states to recertify
applicators at least every five years. It is also anticipated that additional
persons will require certification due to changes in the aspect of use and the
definition of various levels of restricted use products, and the level of
supervision required for application of certain restricted use pesticides.
Strengthening of the certification program and evaluation of its effectiveness
will require additional regional and state involvement. The C&T Program will
support states, territories, Indian tribes and Federal agencies that .have plans
for certification of private and/or commercial pesticide applicators. The
Regions will assist states in upgrading standards of competency and examinations,
and in identifying the training requirements to comply with the revised
regulations. Additionally, under the Agency's Indian policy, EPA will actively
encourage tribes to adopt and .administer .C&T programs by supporting efforts to
assess environmental priorities on reservations.
BXPIANATION OF CHANGE; No change
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency budgets, a total of $11,672,100 for Field Programs and External
.ties program component.
Activities program component
Major activities within this program component include grants to states and
tribes for Worker Protection Standards; groundwater activities; Endangered
Species Program; and the C&T program. In 1997, OPP will continue base activities
begun in 1996 with emphasis in implementation of the worker protection revised
regulation.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PARTHERSHIPS >•,
l
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $1,442,500 for 1998 in the Environmental
Partnerships program component.
M&CTQRACTIVITIES
Pesticide Environmental ^Stewardship Program (PBSP>/ Integrated Pest
Management Program (JPM); ($498,100)j The P1SP Program is a broad cooperative
effort between EPA, USDA. and FDA to work with pesticide users to reduce potential
pesticide 'risk and pesticide use in both agricultural and non-agricultural
settings. It is a public private partnership approach, completely voluntary,
with pesticide user organizations working with OPP. The program's goals are to
promote the adoption of integrated pest management on 75% of U.S. agricultural
acreage by the year 2000, and to develop specific risk and use reduction
strategies that include reliance on biological pesticides and other approaches
to pest control that are considered safer than traditional chemical methods.
US-DA has the lead on the first goal, EPA for the second. OPP is striving to
ensure that as our PESP program develops and field capabilities develop, more
community based activities will emerge.
The IPM Program is closely related to the PESP. IPM promotes the carefully
managed use of various pest control tactics, including biological, cultural, and
chemical methods to achieve the best results with the least disruption to the
environment. The program relies upon an understanding of the life cycles of
pests and their interactions with the environment. Biological control refers to
using natural enemies of the pest. Cultural control involves practices of
cultivation, crop rotation, and other methods that prevent or control pests.
Tribal _&etivities_ Scants ($.944,000} s Resources to assist tribes to ensure
the implementation of the Pesticide Programs on tribal lands, assist Indian
tribes in their acquisition of needed trained personnel and program information,
and to honor Indian governments and culture in all aspects of OPP's work with
tribes. The Tribal Operations Committee (TOC) stressed a need for stronger
tribal relationship with EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). EPA will
address this by providing support for training of tribal environmental staff to
assist them in performing their functions and to encourage them to move forward
with environmental programs on tribal lands. EPA will address pesticide use and
encourage safer pesticide management practices. EPA will also work with tribes
in the management of C&T Programs, EPA will assist tribes in developing codes
and certification plans and solicit interest in pilot programs for the
development of groundwater management or endangered species protection plans.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE: + 5300.OK
The increase in the 1998 Budget Request from the 1997 Budget is due to
tribal support grants for pesticide issues. These additional resources will
address issues raised to EPA by the Tribal Operations Committee (TOG),
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency budgets a total of $1,142,500 ,for the Environmental Partnership
program component.
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Pyogram (PESP)/ Integrated Pest
Management Program (IPM) : The Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)
is EPA's most recently developed voluntary initiative. PESP seeks to address a
9-28 ' -:"
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sector previously untouched by other voluntary initiatives--the use of pesticides
in agricultural and non-agricultural settings. PESP's goals were announced by
EPA, USDA and FDA in September 1993. These three agencies, which share
responsibility for pesticides, agreed to work jointly with, pesticide user groups
to reduce the use of and the risks from pesticides in the United States. This
program will place emphasis on regional and community capability.
Environmental Stewardship Program will continue to support the Pesticide
Use Reduction initiative announced in June 1994, with emphasis in the field
environment. The Agency will emphasize commodity specific environmental
stewardship strategies and has committed to working with USDA to enroll 75
percent of agricultural acreage in IPM by the year 2000- The commodity-specific
strategy is a holist approach to new crop production systems for pest control and
water and nutrient management rather than focusing on one pesticide at a time.
Grants will continue to the Regions for IPM demonstration projects and
environmental stewardship activities. Experience has shown that successful on-
farm demonstrations influence pest control practices of many other growers. This
excellent technology transfer tool will be used in cooperation with United States
Department of Agriculture to extend the positive effect.
Tribal Activities Grants: The Agency will continue its efforts to build
tribal partnerships in all pesticide programs. EPA will address this by
providing support for training of tribal environmental staff to assist them in
performing their functions and to encourage them to move forward with pesticide
programs on tribal lands.
LEAD GRANTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $13,712,200 for 1998 in the Lead Grants
program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Major activities in this area include awarding lead grants to the states,
tribes and territories for support in developing and implementing KPA's lead
program. Funding contributes to the establishment of state and tribes lead
programs to certify lead-based paint professionals, and accredit lead-based paint
trainer providers. Funds also promote state and tribal reciprocity in the
training and certification of lead abatement professionals.
EXPLANATIONQECHANGE; $1,212.IK
The increase will support Indian tribes that seek to develop lead poisoning
prevention programs. OPPTS expects between 35-45 states and some tribes will
seek approval to administer the program. .EPA must run the program fpr those
states that do not take responsibility for the certification and training of lead
abatement professionals.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency budgets a total of $12,500,000 for the Lead State Grant Program.
The Lead State Grant program in 1997 will help build lead programs in the states
and with Indian tribes. Title IV of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
authorizes EPA to support and help the states in carrying out lead abatement and
lead risk reduction programs. A program of state lead grants supports EPA's lead
abatement strategy. The Agency provides grants to states, tribes and territories
to build local capacity to assess the extent of lead poisoning problems, abate
lead paint hazards and ensure that lead hazard removal is done effectively.
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EOLLnTIOK PREVENTION IiEAPERSHIP STATE GRANTS
19g9 PROGRAM REOPEST
The Agency requests a total of $5,999,500 for 1998 in the Pollution
Prevention Leadership Grants program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The major activities of these grants direct EPA to support and assist state
environmental programs to implement pollution prevention strategies developed by
the states .and the Agency. Pollution prevention state grants help respond to
this requirement. In 1998, the Agency will continue this state grant program to
support state pollution prevention demonstration programs.
EXPLANATION OFCHANGE: No change
1997 PROGRAM
The program will stress voluntary or cooperative ventures between the
federal government and industry and the involvement of state, tribal and local
governments, local institutions, environmental interest groups and the public.
The Pollution Prevention Act directs EPA to support and assist state
environmental programs to implement pollution prevention strategies developed by
the states and the Agency.
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UNITED STA3CKS KNVXROHMEKHERL 1PRQTECTION AQENCT
FY98 PHESIDEHT'E BUDGET
PROGRAM COMPONENT
STATE AMD TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
AA SOLID WASTE & EMERG JU8SBOHS
State HCBA BaxtaeraMpa
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
State UST
TOTfti D01LAHS
RES
HEM SDMHRHX: by PROGRAM COMEOKEHT
(dollars in thousands)
FIT 1996
OB EUH
F!f 1997
BUD.
FX 1997
FT 1998
BUD. BEQ.
98 - 97
96,268.6
0.0
9,618.3
0.0
98,298.2
0.0
10,544.7
0.0
98,298.2
0.0
10,544.7
0.0
98,598.2
0.0
10,544.7
0.0
300.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
TOTAL DOLLARS:
RE
106,086.9 108,842.9 108,842.9 109,142.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
300.0
0.0
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APPROPRIATIONS ACCOUNT OVERVIEW
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1998PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $109,142,900 in 1998 for the State and
Tribal Assistance Grant Appropriation for Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Most industrial and commercial processes and many everyday activities
produce wastes. Some of these wastes are classified as hazardous to human health
and the environment. Improper management of wastes can lead to fires,
explosions, and contamination of air, soil, and water, including groundwater.
Recent nationwide efforts have reduced the amount and toxicity of generated
waste.
The Agency provides federal grant assistance to states for solid and
hazardous waste management and underground storage tanks. These federal
resources ensure that these vital programs are managed and implemented, to the
fullest extent possible, at the state level. These particular programs
contribute to the Agency's objectives by minimizing the quantity and toxicity of
waste created by residential, commercial, industrial and governmental .activities
and ensure the environmentally sound management of solid and hazardous wastes.
Grants to the states in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
program protects human health and the environment through prevention of hazardous
waste releases through permits, enforcement, and compliance monitoring and
assistance. RCRA grants also provide resources to enable states to clean up
hazardous waste releases that could contaminate public and private drinking water
supplies and threaten delicate ecosystems. The states are vital contributors to
the Agency goal of reaching the 2003 cleanup target of stabilizing or performing
final' cleanup at 1,950 facilities.
Federal assistance is also provided to the states to implement the
Underground storage Tank (UST) program. These resources support tank regulatory
and compliance programs with the goal of preventing the generation of leaking UST
systems. The major focus of the .Agency and the states will be to encourage and
enforce compliance with the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing, or closing
underground tanks. The 1998 budget request for UST state grants will keep the
Agency on track to meet its 2003 pollution prevention goal: ensuring that 200,000
UST facilities will meet the leak detection requirements.
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OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
DATA OUTPUT CHART
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
o Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)*
Permitting
Land Disposal
Incineration
Storage and Treatment
Corrective Action
Stabilization
Remedy Selection
o Underground Storage Tanks
1998 Tanks Upgrading Deadline;
Anticipate 60 - 70% of tanks
in compliance
1937:
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
o Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)*
Permitting
Land Disposal
Incineration
Storage and Treatment
Corrective Action
Stabilization
Remedy Selection
o Underground Storage Tanks
1998 Tanks Upgrading Deadline:
Anticipate 50 - 60% of tanks
in compliance
Annual
68
2
3
63
84
60
24
65
2
3
60
85
60
25
C11T|iulati.ve
1,560
147
150
1,263
1,100
844
256
1,492
145
147
1,200
1,016
784
232
RCRA outputs are repeated under EPM appropriation.
identify lead (Federal or State).
Agency does not
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STATE RgSgjmCE^CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT; (RCRft.)
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $98,598,200 in 1998 for the State Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Partnerships program component.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The key activities of the RCRA program within the states will continue to
be the protection of the environment through prevention of hazardous waste
releases. This will be accomplished through permitting, enforcement, compliance
monitoring and compliance assistance, and the clean up of releases which could
contaminate public and private drinking water supplies and threaten delicate
ecosystems around the country.
The Agency requests $19,127,900 for the state permitting program. States,
as the primary implementors of RCRA, issue the majority of RCRA permits. The
states have a facility permitting process which capitalizes on exchange of
information between the facility and the regulating agency to ensure that proper
site-specific hazardous waste management processes are in place. Increasing
effective public participation in this permitting process remains a priority in
helping to ensure that those citizens affected by a facility's operation are
involved.
In 1998, the states will progress through the permitting of facilities not
yet permitted, as well as at those facilities needing permit renewals or
modifications. In addition, the states will review and approve closure plans for
land disposal, combustion, and storage and treatment facilities and to process
appeals to permit decisions as they arise. Processing incinerator and boiler and
industrial furnace permits will remain a priority in order to ensure adequate
monitoring and reduce potential risks at these 327 facilities. In 1998, emphasis
will also be placed on further implementation of recommendations resulting from
the efforts of the Permits Improvements Team. These permit streamlining efforts
are particularly important as responsibility for the permitting process continues
to devolve to the states.
The Agency requests $40,357,700 for state compliance monitoring and
enforcement activities. In 1998, the states continue to be responsible for the
majority of the inspection and enforcement work in RCRA. RCRA supports the
states in building effective and well targeted compliance and enforcement
programs, enabling our state partners to strengthen their capacity in this
critical area. Prevention and deterrence are key criteria in setting priorities
in states' RCRA programs. Inspections and enforcement actions are major factors
in preventing mismanagement of hazardous waste that can result in threats to
human health and the environment. These activities are necessary to deter those
who consider avoiding the following of protective procedures in order to lower
their cost of doing business without considering the risk to surrounding
populations. States will inspect federal, state and local facilities that
store, treat, or dispose of hazardous waste. Inspections will emphasize
compliance with facility-specific requirements or interim status requirements.
The compliance program will continue to shift its emphasis from a media-based to
a sector-based approach, and the Agency will work with states to determine the
best methods to address specific sectors from a compliance and enforcement
standpoint. Project XL will continue to be a focus of the compliance assistance
area, with state participation according to local and facility priorities,.
The Agency requests $18,422,800 for states' work in RCRA corrective action.
Approximately one-half of the states are authorized for the Corrective Action
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program and work in conjunction with the Agency in their implementation of
actions to stabilize contaminate sites - Within the Corrective Action program,
all facilities are assessed and ranked according to risk and relative risk. This
provides the major priority-sett ing tool for the state program. The states will
conduct long-term cleanup at facilities with the highest environmental priority
and the greatest risk of noncompliance.
In 1998, the primary emphasis of the program will continue to be on
identifying and implementing stabilization measures at high-risk facilities.
Stabilization stops the spread of the contamination more rapidly and at less cost
than full-scale remediation. The most serious contamination problems at RCRA
facilities occur when releases migrate off-site, contaminating drinking water
supplies, and in some situations contaminating wetlands and threatening other
sensitive ecosystems. These situations are the highest priority in initiating
corrective actions by facility owner/operators. States play a critical role in
helping to alleviate the backlog of facilities awaiting corrective action by
initiating and attaining stabilization at appropriate facilities. This process
helps protect human health and the environment from further damage by focusing
on quick actions which address actual or imminent exposure to releases and
control the spread of the contamination.
The Agency requests $2,350,000 in order to maintain a continued emphasis
on ecosystem protection in the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican border regions, in the
compliance and enforcement program as well as in the permitting and corrective
action programs. Environmental or noncompliance problems associated with
specific communities or more generally throughout these areas, including
ecosystems, watersheds, and air sheds, will receive particular attention in order
to ensure comprehensive and coordinated environmental protection,.
States will continue their efforts at developing waste minimization
strategies as part of their permitting process and in the compliance assistance
and enforcement programs. These strategies go hand in hand with Agency efforts
at the national and regional levels and play a particularly important prevention
role by reducing the volume of hazardous waste before it enters the waste stream,
with a focus toward those constituents that are persistent, bioaccumlative and/or
toxic.
The Agency requests $5,489,800 for support of states' RCRA information
management activities. Evaluation activities in 1998 will emphasize the
establishment of effective measurement methods. The states will begin to
implement the results of their information management review which is proceeding
in tandem with the Agency's Waste Information Needs initiative. These efforts
will yield a general review of the types of data collected, the program's data
needs, the methods of collection, and a set of recommendations for improvements.
Other evaluation efforts will center on tools for other measurements of success,
such as surveys of outreach customers and follow up interviews after compliance
assistance reviews.
The Agency requests $3,700,000 to support state program development and
capacity building. RCRA Subtitle C was designed as a. delegated program, with the
states as the primary implementors of the hazardous waste management program.
States apply for and receive authorization for portions of the RCRA program, as
they adopt regulations that are as stringent or more stringent than the
applicable federal rules,. States are not required to adopt federal rules that
are less stringent. Part of the authorization process also ensures that the
state has developed the capacity to implement and enforce the regulations in
question. In the enforcement program, states have the primary enforcement
responsibility but the Agency retains enforcement authorities of RCRA sections
3008, 7003 and 3013.
49 states and territories 'have authorization for the base program, and a
further 31 states have received authorization for corrective action as of August
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1996. In 1998, the Agency expects that several additional states will apply and
receive authorization for the corrective action program where the rate of
authorization has increased in recent years. Between March 1991, when revision
program reviews were delegated to regional offices, to December 31, 1994, overall
authorization progress improved from 23 £ of the program's authorizing rules, to
60%.
State capacity building activities include traditional educational tools
such as training and conferences, but work sharing will remain as a mainstay of
the RCRA program. Work sharing will fill two vital functions. First, it will
continue to provide a structure for the ongoing transfer of knowledge and skills.
Secondly, collaboration increases state capacity to implement the program. The
program will continue to identify work sharing opportunities that will fill gaps
in RCRA coverage and that will provide the most cost effective allocation of
specific technical expertise.
Capacity-building for subtitle C work on tribal lands will be at a less
developed stage than the states, and much of the federal assistance and technical
support is included in a separate component. Environmental issues on tribal
lands are not addressed by state environmental programs, and tribes themselves
often lack the resources and expertise to ensure protective standards are met.
A limited number of tribes have developed the capacity to implement portions of
the RCRA program and resources of $300,000 in support of these tribal grants are
included in this component.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE; +5300.OK
Increased funds are requested for support to tribes implementing subtitle
C programs. Up to five tribes are expected to be implementing portions of the
RCRA hazardous waste program by 1998. Funds are requested in the state grant
account to accommodate supporting these programs without reducing existing levels
of support for the extensive state RCRA programs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $98,298,200 for the State RCRA
Partnerships program component.
States efforts in the permitting, corrective action, enforcement and
compliance monitoring of hazardous waste facilities are critical to the
successful prevention of hazardous waste releases and to the protection of the
nation'a environment.
The Agency's budget provides $19,127,900 for the states' permitting
program. In 1997, the permitting program will continue to emphasize permit
issuance and permit renewal at environmentally significant facilities, such as
the remaining 12 or fewer high priority land disposal facilities which have not
yet been permitted, of a total of 172 facilities. The states will explore and
incorporate more effective and efficient 'permitting procedures resulting from the
Agency's Permits Improvement Team initiative. One example of this effort is a
pilot project being conducted in California and Texas which will test the use of
general permits for lower risk facilities. If successful, these less
prescriptive permits could significantly ease the burden on states and industry
while maintaining the level of environmental integrity intended! within the RCRA
program. These efforts, when combined with the agency initiative to explore
certain management standards for low risk wastes that would be self-implementing
hold great potential for freeing resources for higher priorities.
In 1997, $40,357,700 is budgeted for the states' enforcement program.
Inspections and enforcement actions are vital to ensuring the effective
implementation of protective procedures for the management of hazardous waste.
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States will inspect federal, state and local facilities that store, treat or
dispose of hazardous waste. Inspections will emphasize compliance with facility-
specific requirements or interim status requirements. Effective enforcement
efforts will remain a priority for the program, with inspections targeted to high
risk sites as well as routine compliance checks. Enforcement orders and
supplemental environmental projects will incorporate waste minimization
provisions where appropriate. In 1997 the states will continue their intensified
program of compliance assurance at commercial combustion facilities, including
conducting annual inspections at these facilities. Sector-based compliance
assistance will remain an area of emphasis in 1997. The program will consider
expansion to more industries and explore options for wider outreach. In
addition, resources of $2,350,000 are provided in support of efforts to improve
hazardous waste management in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Border areas.
Groundwater contamination and the cross-border transport of hazardous waste are
of particular concern in these sensitive ecosystems.
Incorporating waste minimization strategies into the RCRA permitting and
enforcement processes has the potential for reducing risk by eliminating large
volumes of hazardous waste before they enter the waste stream. In 1997 states
will continue to build waste 'minimization into their permitting and enforcement
processes. Other state programs will emphasize the development of effective
measurement tools as part of the package of materials for generator and facility
use. Baseline and long-term tracking measures will contribute to eventual
achievement of the national goal of reducing the most persistent, bioaccumulative
and toxic constituents of hazardous waste by 50% by 2005.
The Agency'.s budget provides $18,422,800 for the states' RCRA Corrective
Action program. RCRA's strategy for cleaning up contaminated hazardous waste
facilities gives priority to maximizing environmental results, ensuring that
cleanups are done on a "worst sites first" basis, and ensuring greater
consistency between the remediation programs currently administered by the Agency
and the states. In 1997 the states will continue their focus on identifying,
implementing and monitoring stabilization actions at those sites which are of
highest risk of contaminating surrounding water supplies and sensitive
ecosystems. The strategy of taking quick action to stabilize potential
contaminating facilities and therefore mitigating imminent threat has proven
effective in providing the most efficient and immediately effective means of
protecting human health and the environment. This strategy has enabled the
states and the Agency to put in place stabilization measures at over 350
facilities.
In 1997, $3,700,000 is budgeted to enable states to proceed with
rulemakings and RCRA program evaluation activities. The range of state
regulatory activities will vary, based on local priorities and constraints, from
full rulemaking and standards development to incorporation by reference of
complete federal regulations. States will also remain active in the federal
regulatory process. For example, in recent years, the role of the states in
developing corrective action and other regulations under both RCRA and CERCLA .has
been greatly expanded, resulting generally in a much stronger Federal-State
partnership in implementing cleanup programs.
The Agency provides $5,489/800 to the states for information management
activities in 1997. State program evaluation activities will be emphasized in
1997 through the states' ongoing information management review. This review will
encompass all aspects of data use for RCRA. Under consideration will be the
identification of the base data needs of the program - including data for
measuring program success - along with the« data collection methods and the
technologies employed. The states' information management review corresponds to
the Agency's Waste Information Needs initiative. Results and recommendations
will be consolidated to ensure a viable national information management strategy
will be implemented.
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STATE LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TAWK (LUST) PARTNERSHIPS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $10,544,700 in 1998 for the State
Underground Storage Tank (UST) Partnerships program component. The major
activities within this program component include: encouraging compliance with the
1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing or closing tanks; helping states obtain
state program approval; outreach support to owners and operators; support for
tank notification; and providing section 8001 grants to indian tribes.
MAJORACTIVITIES
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 to support state, local
government, and indian tribe initiatives to plan for oversight and enforcement
of the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing, or closing older tanks. The 1998
requirements will prevent the creation of another generation of leaking UST
systems by ensuring that older tanks are equipped with corrosion protection and
spill -and overfill prevention to help prevent further releases. The Agency
estimates that all 50 states and 6 territories will undertake efforts to ensure
that owners/operators comply with the December 1998 tank upgrading deadline.
The Agency requests a total of $2,800,000 for state UST program approval.
Grants will provide seed money to states and tribes for the development and
revision of statutes, regulations, policies, procedures, and guidance documents.
These funds also may be used to assist a state in developing an application for
state program approval. Approved state programs operate in lieu of the federal
program and, as of December 1996, 23 states have approved UST programs. EPA
estimates that 31 states will have approved UST programs by the end of 1998.
The Agency requests a total of $2,000,000 in grants to support state
outreach efforts. Outreach to the regulated community will continue to be a
primary component of state, local, and tribal governments' compliance assistance
efforts. Outreach materials will assist owners and operators to comply with the
1998 deadline and other UST regulations.
The Agency requests a total of $294,700 to fund state tracking of UST
owner/operator progress to achieve compliance with the 1998 deadline
requirements. This data will enable states and EPA to assess and, if necessary,
modify strategies for promoting compliance. Federal resources will enable states
to initiate or improve collection of compliance data and summarize their findings
for presentation at EPA's annual UST/LUST National Conference, where state and
EPA program managers jointly assess their compliance strategies. EPA estimates
that in 1998, 20 state programs will use the UST-Access tracking system.
The Agency requests a total of $450,000 in grants to the tribal community.
The Regions, which conduct activities on tribal lands, will provide technical
assistance to implement the UST program on tribal lands. The Agency will
provide grants to assist indian tribes in developing tribal-run programs and
conducting specific tasks, such as identifying unregistered tanks. These -grants
are critical to moving tribal UST programs toward program approval and
establishing state support. Additionally, grants will provide funding to develop
UST ordinances. Tribal land tank inventories and training for tank inspections
will lay the groundwork for protection of human health and sensitive ecosystems.
The Agency anticipates providing grants to approximately 10 tribes in 1998.
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EXPIANATION OF CHANGE t No Chancre
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's 1997 budget is a total of $10,544,700 in 1998 for the
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants, State UST Partnerships program component.
Major activities within this program component include: encouraging compliance
with the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing or closing tanks; helping states
obtain state program approval; outreach support to owners .and operators; support
for tank notification; and providing section 8001 grants to indian tribes.
In 1997, the Agency's budget is a total of $5,000,000 to continue
supporting state and local government and indian tribe initiatives to plan for
oversight and enforcement of the 1998 deadline for upgrading, replacing, or
closing older tanks. States will use .this funding to conduct outreach activities
(e.g., hold public meetings, conduct compliance assistance visits) to build
awareness and encourage compliance with the 1998 deadline requirements. States
also will use this funding to ensure that UST facilities are in compliance with
existing requirements.
The Agency's budget is a total of $2,800,000 for state program approval.
Grants will continue to provide seed money to states for the development and
revision of statutes, regulations, policies, procedures, and guidance documents.
The Agency anticipates that states will use this funding to either revise their
existing statutes and regulations or prepare draft and final state program
approval packages for the state Attorney General's review and approval. EPA
estimates that 27 states will have approved state UST programs in 1997.
The Agency's budget is a total of $2,000,000 in grants to support state
outreach efforts. In 1997, states will use this funding to develop, tailor and
distribute outreach materials to specific state audiences and hold public
meetings with the regulated community.
The Agency's budget is a total of $294,700 to fund state tracking of UST
owner/operator progress in achieving compliance with the 1998 deadline
requirements as well as with existing requirements. EPA estimates that in 1997,
20 states will use the UST-Access tracking system in their programs.
The Agency's budget is a total of $450,000 for grants to tribes or tribal
consortia to develop core UST/LUST programs. In 1997, this funding will be used
to give RCRA Section 8001 grants to indian tribes or tribal consortia to identify
existing or abandoned tanks, assist EPA in overseeing corrective action on
tribal lands, develop tribal codes, and establish a field presence for tank
installation and closure.
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9-40
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UNITED STATES EHVIR0KMENTRI, PROTECTION A6EHCY
EY98 PRESIDENT'S BODGEC
STATE AHD TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
NPM SUMMARY: by PROGRAM COMPONENT
(dollars in thousands)
ttXSRAM COMPONENT
AA WATER
DRINKING WATER *
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
WETLAMDS PROGRAM
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
ASSESSMENT £ NONPOINT SOURCE
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
FY
OP
571,
9,
14,
PROGRAM
99,
1996
PLAN
579.
0.
988.
0.
909.
0.
837.
Q.
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
9
0
e
0
3
0
.5
0
100,500.
0.
0.
0.
15,000.
0.
100,000.
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FY 1997
ENACTED
1,365,000.
0.
10,500.
0.
15,000.
0.
100,000.
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FY 1998
BUD. REQ
818,780.
0.
10,500.
0.
15,000.
0.
100,000.
0.
DIFFERENCE
-
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
98 - 97
-546,219.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WATER QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING
TOTAL DOLLARS **
FTES
1,734,
319.
0.
3
0
2,258,700.
,0.
0
0
1,041,700.
0.
0
0
1,448,529.
0,.,
3
0
406,829.
D.
3
0
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT £ PERMITTING
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
AMERICAN INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL
TOTAL DOLLARS
FTES
20,
MANAGEMENT
15,
000.
0.
000.
0.
0
0
0
0
20,000.
0.
28,000.
0.
0
0
0
0
20,000.
0.
2B,000.
0.
0
0
0
0
20,000.0
0.
38,585.
0.
0
4
0
0.
o.
10,585.
0.
0
0
4
0
STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
TOTAL DOLLARS: 2,465,634.8 2,522,200,.0 2,580,200.0 2,451,395.2 -128,804.8
FTE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
* Includes Drinking Hater State Revolving Fund dollars.
FY 1997 $1,275,000 FY 1998 $725,000
** Includes Clean Water State Revolving Fund dollars, Mexico Borders Projects
and Special Needs Projects
FY 1997 $ 961,000 FY 1998 $1,353,000
9-41
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APPROPRIATIONS ACCOUHT OVERVIEW
OFFICE OF WATER
WATER * PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMSSPBERVIglOH (PWSS)PROGRAMGRANTS
1998 PROGRAM REQPSST
The Agency requests a total of $93,780,500 in 1998 for Public Water Systems
Supervision fPWSS) Program grants.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
In 199.8, PWSS grant funds will provide the primary resources needed by the
states for implementing the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Grants are awarded to states with primary enforcement authority to implement the
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR). These regulations set forth
monitoring, reporting, compliance tracking and enforcement elements to help
ensure that the Nation's water supplies are free from contaminants that may pose
adverse health effects. These grants are a key implementation tool under the
Safe Drinking Water Act to encourage states join in a federal/state partnership
to help ensure the provision of safe drinking water supplies to the public. All
states and Territories, except Wyoming and the District of Columbia (where EPA
directly implements the program), have primacy to implement the PWSS program,
States work with small systems to provide additional flexibility 'wherever
possible, including monitoring waivers and prevention approaches to streamline
and tailor implementation.
PWSS grants also provide direct implementation and program development for
Indian tribes. After approximately ? years of being eligible to assume primacy
for their own drinking water program, no Indian tribe has yet assumed that
primacy. (Four tribes have been granted "Treatment as a state" designation and
two of those are developing primacy applications.) The single biggest deterrent
to tribal primacy is the lack of capacity. The 1998 increases in funding will
be targeted to develop the capacity of tribes to build and maintain their own
PWSS programs. Further, with the implementation of a Drinking Water State
Revolving Loan Fund (DW-SRF) , authorized in the 1936 Amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act, tribes will need assistance to help them secure DW-SRF funds,
which are provided to them through grants.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE +g3.780.5K
The 1998 requested increase is to assist tribes in building and maintaining
PWSS Programs.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $90,000,000 for Public Water Systems
Supervision Program grants. States are either still adopting and/or implementing
some of the regulations mandated by the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act. For instance, under the Lead and Copper rule, promulgated in 1991,
states 'must approve corrosion control plans for small and medium systems. States
are also heavily involved in implementing the Surface Water Treatment Rule,
In addition, states will be using PWSS grant funds to carry out monitoring
provisions of the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, enacted in
August 1996. Under this new statute, primacy states may adopt permanent
alternative monitoring requirements in accordance with EPA-guidance. In turn,
these alternative monitoring requirements must be reviewed and approved by EPA
9-42
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to assure consistency with its guidance. states will also be implementing
revisions to the chemical monitoring regulation. EPA will promulgate a revised
rule in 1997 that will simplify monitoring requirements for chemical contaminants
in drinking water. This revision will provide flexibility to states in setting
sampling frequencies based on the vulnerability of the drinking water system.
EPA will use PWSS grant funds to directly implement the PWS.S program in the
State of Wyoming and the District of Columbia and on Indian lands.
SOURCEWATER PROTECTION - UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL (uTC) PROGRAM GRANTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency .requests a total of $10,500,000 in 1998 for Underground
Inj ection Control Program grants.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Underground Injection Control (UIC) grants support programs to protect
underground sources of drinking water from contamination through underground
injection in the 50 states and seven Territories, as well as on Indian lands.
Where states and Indian tribal authorities have failed to assume UIC primacy, EPA
will use grant allotments to support direct implementation of Federal UIC
requirements.
States will be implementing the Class V rule in 1998. Reducing risk posed
by Class V shallow injection wells, covered under this regulation, as well as .all
other shallow wells in that category (e.g., storm and agricultural drainage
wells, automobile service station wells) is a critical component of the Agency's
source water protection effort. Some primacy states may have to modify their
regulations to provide coverage for all Class V wells as defined by EPA
regulations.
In addition, states with full or partial primacy for Class I, II, and III
injection wells will use these grant funds to manage their programs. EPA will
partially or directly implement the UIC program in those states with limited or
no primary enforcement authority.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE IJajgibaSflffi
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $10,500,000 for the Underground Injection
Control Program grants. With the promulgation of the Class V regulation that is
applicable to some 120,000 shallow, industrial waste disposal wells nationwide,
states will be intensely involved in activities to meet the requirements of this
rule. Primacy states have 270 days to adopt these new regulations and must
submit primacy revisions for review and approval by EPA. Because of the
significant number of these wells, EPA is encouraging states to work directly
with the owners and operators of these shallow industrial wells and promote
voluntary compliance with all aspects of the rule. Enforcement efforts will be
targeted to violators of the requirements set forth in the rule.
The 42 primacy (36 full and 6 partial) states will also be managing and
administering Class I, II, and III injection-'well programs by making new permit
determinations, reviewing applications to modify existing permits, inspecting
plugged and abandoned injection wells, and related activities. The Agency is
responsible for direct implementation in the remaining states and all Indian
Country programs and uses grant resources to support direct implementation of
Federal UIC requirements.
9-43
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WETLANDS PROGRAMGRANTS
1998 PROGRAM RBQTJgST
The Agency requests a total of $15,000,000 for Wetlands Program Grants in
the State and Tribal Assistance Grants appropriation.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Wetlands State/Tribal grant program will enhance the Agency's wetland
protection efforts, fostering strong partnerships between EPA and the states,
tribes, territories, and local entities. The states, tribes and territories will
continue to develop their programs that move toward the Administration's goal of
no overall net loss and long-terra gain in the quantity and quality of wetlands.
The grants provide assistance for watershed protection and restoration projects,
development of programs to assume Section 404, streamlining regulatory programs
(including development of programmatic general permits) , incorporating wetlands
protection in state water quality certification processes and the development of
state Wetlands Conservation Plans. During 1998, wetlands grant funds will
continue to focus on state, tribal, territorial and local wetlands protection
through watershed approaches and state Wetlands Conservation Plans, and through
development of programs to monitor and evaluate the health of our wetlands.
Grant funds will also be targeted to capacity building, including: development
of programs to assume section 404, training programs, outreach to build more
understanding and consensus between agencies and stakeholders, and restoring
wetlands and associated river corridors degraded by physical, biological and
hydrologic stressors.
SXPMJSTATION OF CHANGE
1997 PROGRAM
No Change
The Agency is allocating a total of $15,000,000 for Wetlands Program Grants
in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants account.
In 1997, activities in this program support the Agency's partnership and
watershed protection goals through financial assistance for targeted wetlands1
protection, virtually all states and many tribes will participate. Projects
that enable states/tribes 'and territories to assume more responsibility for
wetlands programs, that integrate state, tribal, local and private sector
programs and activities, and that integrate protection efforts in priority
watersheds are of highest priority. The Agency will continue to encourage and
support the efforts of Indian tribes to develop and implement effective wetlands
protection programs.
ASSESSMENT AND NONffOINT SOURCE PROGRAM.- NONPOINT SOURCE GRANTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $100,000,000 for the Nonpoint Source (NFS)
Management program.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Eegions and the states will continue to target high priority watersheds
and state NFS management program needs, consistent with approved state Clean
Water Act (CWA) Section 319 NFS programs. Targeted projects will include the
9-44
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appropriate mix of implementation measures necessary to protect specific
watersheds /ecosystems or to enhance state-wide NFS management.
In advancing community-based ecosystem protection; CWA Section 319 funds
will help support specific state -designated local watershed restoration projects.
These projects will employ NFS management measures and ecological enhancements
designed to restore wetlands, stream banks, shorelines, seagrass beds and other
coastal and inland habitats. In addition to traditional NPS management measures,
such watershed projects will include: restoration of riparian habitats in man-
altered watersheds; urban lake renewal; improvement and restoration of important
wetland habitats; shaping or restoration of altered stream channels and riparian
habitats; and protection/ restoration of eroding shorelines and their habitats.
These grants will also support continuing statewide NPS implementation
activities. These will include upgrading the level and quality of NPS controls
being applied in the high priority watersheds to reflect the best economically
achievable management measures available , These funds will be focused on
priority NPS pollution categories, including agriculture, silviculture, urban,
and hydromodif ication, and will be managed in cooperation with other Federal
agencies. These funds will also help support implementation of state coastal NPS
management programs under Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments (CZARA) of 1990.
EXPIANATION OF CHJMfSE: ffo,. Change
1997 PRpGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $100,000,000 for the NPS Management
program .
The Regions and the states are targeting priority watersheds for the
abatement .and 'prevention of NPS pollution particularly in critical aquatic
resources and habitats, such as warm- water/ cold- water fisheries, estuaries, and
near coastal waters. Specific projects include provisions for: (1) on- site
assistance, education, outreach, technology and information transfer; {2}
innovative prevention and control techniques; (3) state and local regulatory and
enforcement mechanisms; (4) environmental and biological indicators; (5)
techniques to avoid groundwater contamination from NPS; and {6} institutional and
financial arrangements that will lead to long-term water quality improvements.
All activities selected for funding are designed to achieve measurable results
that reduce risk to the aquatic environment or human health or to directly
advance the state toward effective implementation of comprehensive NPS management
programs .
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTAL (Section 106) GRAHTS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $95,529,300 in 1998 for the Control Agency
Resource Supplemental (Section 106} grant program.
The Section 106 grant program provides assistance to 50 states, six
interstate agencies, six territorial agencies and to Indian tribes qualified
under Clean Water Act Section 518 (e) in establishing and maintaining adequate
water pollution control programs .
In 1998 states will continue their watershed protection approach to water
quality program implementation. This includes increasing their outreach efforts
9-45
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with their partners to implement statewide basin management plans as well as
targeting water quality management activities to high priority watersheds.
States will continue this effort through technical assistance to local agencies
.and through public involvement in environmental decision-making.
States will conduct environmental assessments ,* develop EPA/state
Environmental Performance Agreements which identify state environmental goals and
objectives; and develop performance measures and environmental indicators for
attaining those goals. Using the flexibility provided by Performance Partnership
Grants (PPGs), states will address their highest environmental priorities.
During 1998, states will review one third of their state water quality
standards, revising standards where appropriate to support environmental
objectives. An additional $5,000,000 will support state efforts to develop Total
Maximum Daily Loads {TMDLs) which consider point, nonpoint source, and natural
background pollution in addressing complex water quality problems. States
develop TMDLs for priority water bodies, which do not meet water quality
standards, identified by the states and approved by EPA for cross-media.,
community-based environmental protection projects. A TMDL provides information
on a water body's assimilative or loading capacity.
Point sources which discharge during wet weather continue to be a major
source of water quality impairment. States will continue implementing the
integrated wet weather strategy covering storm water, combined sewer overflows
(CSOs), and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) in coordination with nonpoint source
programs. States will develop/modify regulatory and institutional frameworks to
implement new technologies directed at site-specific problems; develop modeling
tools; develop watershed approaches with stakeholder involvement; develop
monitoring schemes; address technology transfer; and modify water quality
standards to consider wet weather issues.
Groundwater program priorities will continue to focus on the implementation
of state, tribal and local wellhead protection programs (KHPPs). Forty-three
states are expected to have approved programs. After program approval,
activities in the program center on fostering community implementation of local
WHPPs as the key indicator for state progress, which is also the Agency's
environmental indicator for the program. These community-based efforts follow
a progression of activities, starting with the delineation process, and moving
to identification and inventory of potential contamination sources within those
areas. Communities then establish management controls to address the potential
sources of groundwater contamination, work to educate the public, and develop
contingency plans to address potential contamination incidents. Similar source
water protection efforts are undertaken for surface water dependent communities.
For Comprehensive State Groundwater Protection Programs (CSGWPP's), states and
qualified Indian tribes are progressing toward achieving a basic or "core"
program. Six state CSGWPPs have been endorsed by EPA. The priority CSGWPP
activity is a continuation of state efforts to identify and address gaps in the
efficacy of their groundwater related programs. For those states that reach the
stage of a core CSGWPP, they will continue to work with EPA and other Federal
agencies to expand the coordination, of their groundwater programs and
responsibilities and move toward achieving a "fully integrated" CSGWPP. States
will also enhance their efforts to•incorporate wellhead protection activities and
pesticide management plans into their CSGWPP framework,
Tribes will conduct watershed assessments designed to identify, evaluate,
prioritize, and manage risk to water quality. Tribes qualify under Section
518 (e) will be able to maintain and improve . their capacity to implement water
quality programs through the process of monitoring, assessments, planning, and
standards development. The increase of $9,829,300 for tribal programs supports
the growing number of tribes eligible to implement water quality programs and the
establishment of related monitoring to ensure comprehensive water quality
assessments to improve the scientific and analytical data base.
9-46
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EXPIAN&TIQN OF__CTANGE + $14,_8_2_9.3K
The 1998 budget request reflects an increase of $14,829,300 for Section 106
grants of which $5,000,000 is directed, toward states and $9,829,300 is for tribal
water quality programs. The state resources will support TMDL activities
conducted as part of cross-media community based environmental protection
projects. Tribal resources will provide support to additional eligible tribes
to conduct more comprehensive monitoring programs and implement water quality
programs.
FY 1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $80,700,000 for Section 106 grants. In
the .Section 106 program, the states are developing watershed protection
strategies, statewide basin management plans, and targeting priority watersheds
on a risk basis, as they continue to transition to the watershed protection
approach for water quality management. States are developing EPA/state
Environmental Performance Agreements which - identify environmental goals,
objectives, and indicators for measuring environmental improvements. In
addition, states are utilizing the flexibility provided by performance
partnership grants (PPGs) to address their highest environmental priorities.
Core water quality program activities such as standards, monitoring, and
permitting, are being conducted under the umbrella of the PPG.
Water quality monitoring activities continue to be conducted and evaluated.
Through watershed assessments, monitoring programs continue to be tailored
(periodic, intensive, continual intensive, screening), to assist in
ecosystem/watershed management, and in assessing environmental progress. Based
upon the results of the watershed assessments and environmental indicators, water
quality standards will be reviewed and revised by the states. States are
developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for priority water bodies for
addressing complex water quality problems.
States are implementing NPDES Watershed strategies as components of the
broader watershed protection approach to water quality management. They are
revising existing programs to implement the integrated wet weather program
covering storm water, combined sewer overflows, sanitary sewer overflows, and
developing and modifying their regulatory and institutional frameworks to address
funding issues and technology transfer. States are implementing new technologies
directed at site specific problems (community-based) and updating water quality
standards to address wet weather issues. States continue to incorporate
pollution prevention measures into their water quality management activities such
as permitting, enforcement, and technical assistance.
Tribes are conducting watershed assessments and reporting the data in
EPA/Tribal Environmental Agreements (TEAs). The TEAs describe the past and
current condition of a tribe's environment, establish long-range environmental
goals and near-term priorities for assistance, and are a valuable tool in the
implementation of the 106 grant program.
Groundwater program priorities are focusing on the implementation of state,
tribal, and local Wellhead Protection Programs (WHPPs). Forty states have
approved programs and the program continues to emphasize community implementation
of local WHPPs as a key indicator for state progress. The WHPPs follow a
progression of activities, from the delineation process to identification, and
inventory of potential contamination sources within those areas. Communities are
establishing management controls to address the potential sources of groundwater
contamination, continuing to work to educate the public, and are developing
contingency plans to address potential contamination incidents. Similar source
water protection efforts are being undertaken for surface water dependent
communities. .States and qualified Indian tribes with "Comprehensive State
Groundwater Protection Programs (CSWPP's), are making progress towards achieving
9-47
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a basic core program. A priority activity is to identify and address gaps in the
efficacy of groundwater related programs . States which have reached the stage
of a "core" CSGWPP are continuing to work with EPA and other Federal agencies to
expand the coordination of their groundwater programs and responsibilities and
move toward achieving a "fully integrated" CSGWPP. States are enhancing their
efforts to incorporate wellhead protection activities and pesticide management
plans into their CSGWPP framework.
WATER QUALITY COOPBRA^IVS
1998 PROGRAM REQUEST
The Agency requests a total of $20,000,000 in 1998 for Water Quality
Cooperative Agreements .
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements will be awarded to states, local
governments, Indian tribes and nonprofit organizations to stimulate the creation
of unique and innovative approaches to address requirements of the NPDES program,
with special emphasis on wet weather activities, i.e., storm water, combined
sewer overflows, and sanitary sewer overflows. In addition, cooperative
agreements will support special studies and demonstrations to enhance states '
ability to manage sludge and pretreatment programs and promote reinvention and
reengineering activities . Specifically, these funds will be used to conduct
special studies, demonstrations, outreach and training efforts which will enhance
the ability of the regulated community to deal with non- traditional pollution
problems in targeted watersheds. Funds will also be used to conduct studies and
demonstrations of the proper management and use of sludge and pretreatment
requirements .
EXPLANATION OFCHAMgE:
1997 PROGRAM
No Change
The Agency's budget is a total of $20,000,000 for Water Quality Cooperative
Agreements. These resources will be used to support special studies,
demonstrations, outreach and training to local governments, Indian tribes and
nonprofit organizations. Specifically, the Agency will focus on special studies
which will aid in the efforts to address wet weather pollution, which is
considered to be the highest priority source of water pollution in many waters .
The Agency will also support projects which demonstrate the proper use and
management of sludge. Other activities which will be supported include
supporting state watershed activities; implementation of pilot projects in
selected states for electronic transfer of grants; .and an operation and
maintenance demonstration in the State of Alaska.
INDIAN GENERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (GAP) GRANTS
PROGRAM REQUEST " -
The Agency requests a total of $38,585,400 in 1998 for the Indian General
Assistance Program (GAP) grants.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The Indian Environmental General Assistance Program (GAP) Act of 1992
authorizes grants to Indian tribes and intertribal consortia for the purpose of
planning, developing and establishing the capability to implement programs
9-48
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administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, including solid and
hazardous waste programs for Indian lands. Using GAP grants, a tribe can
establish an environmental management infrastructure, conduct monitoring and
environmental assessments, set environmental management priorities, develop
technical and programmatic capability, and develop an integrated environmental
management program to be implemented through project and program-specific
assistance, performance partnership grants and tribal resources.
BXPLMATIQN OF CHftliSBjL +glO,58S.4K:
Prior to enactment of the GAP Act, tribal capacity to administer
environmental programs under federal law was limited and EPA faced significant
challenges in administering these programs in Indian Country. EPA believes all
Federally-recognized Indian tribes should have an opportunity -- similar to the
one we have provided the states -- to receive our assistance as they develop
environmental management programs. In many instances, GAP grant assistance is
a crucial, first step in building tribal capacity to participate in the National
environmental program and improve public health and environmental conditions in
Indian Country. With an increase of $10,585,400, 1PA will be able to assist
almost all of the more than 550 Federally-recognized Indian tribes in a manner
consistent with the President's directive to work with tribes on a government-to-
government basis. EPA believes that supporting tribal self-governance is the
most effective way to provide for sound and sustainable environmental management
lii Indian Country in fulfillment of our trust responsibility to tribes and
statutory Obligations under the Nation's environmental laws.
1997 PROGRAM
The Agency's budget is a total of $28,000,000 for the Indian General
Assistance Program grants. With these resources, EPA is expanding its GAP
assistance to tribes from about one-quarter of all the Federally-recognized
tribes in 1996 to about one-half in 1997. Assistance is being focused on
.environmental assessments, priority setting, and core program development.
9-49
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9-50
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY9B PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS .BY APPRQP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
E STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
17XA2C Air Pollution Control Program Grants
VUCA2C RES. ASST. TRIBAL PROGRAM GRANTS
001 OZONE/ CO/NOX
17KA2C .Air Pollution Control .Program Grants
V1XA2C RES. ASST. TRIBAL PROGRAM GRANTS
003 PM/VISIBILITY/REGIONAL HAZE/LEAD
17XA2C Air Pollution Control Program Grants
V1XA2C 'RES. ASST. TRIBAL ' PROGRAM GRANTS
004 AIR TOXICS
17KA2C Air Pollution Control Program Grants
005 PERMITS/PSD/NSR/CSI
17XA2C Air Pollution Control Program Grants
006 ACID RAIN/S02
WCXAZR Radon State Grants
010 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
30 AA AIR ( RADIATION
PV 1996
OPLAN
105, 506. 1
5,000.0
110,506.7
19,216.5
0.0
19,216.5
22,822.2
0.0
22,822.2
3,601.8
8,601.8
9,330.5
9,330.5
7,75S.O
7,7S5.'P
178,232.7
FY 1997
PRES.. BUD.
99,710.1
5,882.2
105,622.6
18,571.5
0.0
18,.571.5
21,548.0
0.0
21,548.0
5,000.0
5,000.0
8,330.0
8,330.0
B,1SB.O
8,158,0
167,230.1
FY 1997
ENACTED
99,906.1
5,882.2
105,788.3
18,569.2
0.0
18,569.2
21,381.7
0.0
21,385.7
5,000.0
5,000.0
8,330.0
8,330.0
8,158.0
8,158.0
167,230.2
Tt 1998
REQUEST
95,176.1
8,251.7
103,427.8
27,299.2
1,167.1
28,466.3
21,3fl4.7
750.0
22,134.7
5,000.0
5,000.0
8,330.0
8,330.0
8,158.0
8,158.0
175,516.8
9-51
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, «M, PROGRAM COKPONWT, PB
APPROP/OTH/FRQGRAM COMPONENT/ PE
1B1WBO Drinking Mater State Revolving Fund
65XC2C Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants
66XC2C Underground Injection Control Program Grants
021 DRINKING HATER
66XC2C Underground Injection Control Program Grants
022 SOURCE MATER PROTECTION
HBKB2B Wetlands Program Implementation Grants
026 WETLANDS PROGRAM
5PXB2D NonPoint Source Grants
027 ASSESSMENT S, NONPOINT SOORCE PROGRAM
47XB2C Control Agency Resource Suppleiaeritation ^Section 106)
7A1W80 Clean Water Stats Revolving Fond
8A1WBO Stag Mexican Border Project
9A1WBO Special Projects / Hardship Cities
N1XH80 Cloan Water SRF
N2XW80 Mexican Border Projects
N4XHSO Drinking Water SRF
028 WATER QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING
WLXB2C Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements
029 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT S PE'RMITTING
H1XHZA American Indian Environmental Office
X8XH2A Indian GAP Grants
030 AMERICAN INDIAN ENVIRONMSNTAl MANAGEMENT
*0 AA WttER
USXS2A Pesticide Program Implementation - Grants
044 Fi«ld Programs and External Activities
USXB2A Pesticide Program Implementation - Grants
045 Environmental Partnerships
V8XL2S LEAD GRW.TS
047 Lead
D9XH2F Pollution Prevention State Grants
049 Pollution Prevention Leadership
70 AA PESTICIDES S TOXIC SUBST
77XD2C Hazardous Maste Management Financial Assistance To Stares
EY 1996
OPIAN
500,000.0
71,579.9
0.0
571,579.9
5,988.8
9,988.8
14,909.3
11,909.3
99,B37.S
99.B37.S
79,319.3
1,34B,SOO.O
150,000.0
156,500.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,734,319.3
20,000.0
20,000.0
15,000.0
0.0
15,000.0
2,465,S34.8
13,939.6
13.93S.S
1,142.5
1,142.5
12,500.0
12,500.0
5,999.5
5,999.5
33, 581. 6
96,268.6
ft 19§7
FSBS. BU0.
0.0
90,000.0
10,500.0
100,500.0
0.0
0.0
15,000.0
15,000.0
100,000.0
100,000.0
80,700.0
e,o
0.0
0.0
1,350,000.0
150,000.0
12B, 000. 0
550,000.0
2,258,700.0
20,000.0
20,800.0
0.0
28,000.0
28,000.0
2,522,200.0
11,672.1
11,672.1
1,142.5
1,142.5
12,500.0
12,500.0
5,999.5
5,999.5
31,314.1
98,298.2
FVT 1997
ENACTED
1,275,000.0
90,000.0
0.0
1,365, 000.0
10,500.0
10,500.0
15,000.0
15,000.0
100,flOO.O
100,000.0
80,700.0
625,000.0
150,000.0
186,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,041,700.0
20,000,0
20,000.0
28,000.0
0.0
28,000.0
2,580,200.0
11,672.1
11,612.1
1,142.5
1,142,5
12,500.0
12,SOO.O
5,999.5
5,999.5
31,314.1
98,298.2
FY 1998
REQUEST
725,000.0
93,780.5
0.0
818,780.5
10,500.0
10,540.0
15,000.0
15,000.0
100,000.0
100,000.0
95,529.3
1,075,000.0
150,000-0
128,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,448,529.3
20,000.0
20,000.0
38,585.4
0.0
38,585.4
2,451,395.2
11,672.1
11,672.1
1,442.5
1,«42.5
13,712.2
13,712.2
5,999.5
5,999.5
32,826.3
98,593.2
9-52
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FY98 PRESIDENT'S REQUEST
DOLLARS BY APPROP, NPM, PROGRAM COMPONENT, PE
APPROP/NPM/ PROGRAM COMPONENT/PE
283 State RCRA Partnerships
NOCD2C Underground Storage Tanks State Grants
285 State UST Partnerships
15 AA SOLID WASTE C EMERG RESPONS
R8XH3A Pesticides Enforcement Grants
081 COMPLIANCE MONITORING
R9XH3A Toxics Substance Enforcement Grants
084 COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
80 AA ENFORCEMENT
E STATE AND TRIBAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS
?Y 1996
OPLAN
96,
9,
9,
106,
16,
16,
6,
6,
22,
2,805,
268.
B18.
818.
086.
133.
133.
098.
098.
231.
767.
6
3
3
9
6
6
'2
2
'8
a
FY 1997
PRES. BUD.
98,
10,
10,
108,
16,
16,
6,
6,
22,
2,852,
298.2
544.7
544.7
842.9
133.6
133.6
4B6.2
486.2
619.8
206.9
FY 1997
ENACTED
98,
10,
10,
108,
16,
16,
6,
6,
22,
2,910,
298
544
544
642
133
.2
.'7
.7
.9
.7
FY 1998
REQUEST
98,
10,
10,
109,
17,
133.7 17,
486
486
.2
.2
619.9
Z07
.1
6-
6,
24,
2,793,
59B
.2
544.7
544
142
511
511
864
864
.7
.9
.6
.6
.2
.2
375.8
257
.0
9-53
-------
-------
Non-Appropriated
Funds
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
NON-APPROPRIATED FUNDS
QV1RVI8W
Non-appropriated funds are monies which pay for discreet Agency activities
supported by fees which do not require an appropriation. The Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has two such non-appropriated funds. These are 1) the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund and 2) the Revolving Fund
for Certification and Other Services.
The 1988 amendments to FIFRA required the Agency to review and reregister
all pesticides that were registered before November 1984. To supplement
appropriated funding for the Pesticide Registration Program, two types of fees
were established on the pesticide industry, Federal, state and local governments:
(1) a Reregistration Fee and (2') an annual Maintenance Fee. Fee receipts are
deposited into the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund
available to EPA without annual appropriation. For this reason, EPA does not
request dollars from this fund, commonly called the "FIFRA Fund", in the annual
President's Budget. The Reregistration Fee expired in 1992, but Maintenance Fees
will continue until 2001. From 1998 to the year 2000, $16,000,000 in annual
Maintenance Fees will be collected and in the year 2001, $14,000,000 will be
collected. EPA continues to fund part of the Pesticide Reregistration Program
through its annual appropriations.
The statutory authority for the Revolving Fund for Certification and Other
Services is the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) of 1963. This Act
requires EPA, under section 408, to establish tolerance levels and exemptions
for pesticide residues on raw agricultural commodities. Section 408 also
authorizes EPA to collect fees to recover the costs of processing petitions for
these pesticide tolerances. The fees are paid by companies/registrants
requesting establishment of a permanent or temporary pesticide tolerance at the
time of the request and work is not begun until verification of the fees receipt
is made. Fee receipts, until 1997, were deposited into the Revolving Fund for
Certification and Other Services, commonly called the "Tolerance Fund" which are
available to EPA without an annual appropriation. With enactment of the Food
Quality Protection Act of 199.6, fee receipts are now deposited into the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. These fees are increased
annually based on the pay raise increase for Federal General Service (GS)
employees.
PROGRAM AND ACTIVITY HIGHLIGHTS
Reregistration and ExpeditedProcessing Revolving Fund
In 1998, estimated fee collections will be $16,000,000. Beginning in 1997,
this revolving fund will include new tolerance fees collected under the 'Food
Quality Protection Act of 1996. This consolidates collections of the annual
Pesticide Maintenance Fees and the Tolerance Fees into one non-appropriated
revolving fund. The Agency's emphasis on pesticide reregistrations will continue
in 1998 and is reflected in the appropriated budget request to complete forty-two
(42) Reregistration Eligibility Decisions. As Information gathered through the
reregistration process continues to be reviewed, EPA expects that some pesticides
will meet the triggers for Special Reviews.- The projected number of Special
Reviews for 1998 is eight.
Revolving Fund for Certification and Other Services
In 1998, estimated fee collections into this fund are $0. The Food Quality
Protection Act of 1996 requires new tolerance fees be deposited into the
Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving (FIFRA) Fund. Funds remaining
10-1
-------
in 1997 in the Revolving Fund for Certification and Other Services, approximately
$3.0 million, will be used to review tolerance petitions until the Tolerance
Fund is fully liquidated. However, EPA will continue to establish tolerances for
pesticide residues in or on food or feed crops in the United States. The Agency
expects to conduct 500 tolerance petition reviews in 1998.
10-2
-------
Working Capital
Fund
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
In 1998, the Agency begins the second year of operation of the Working
Capital Fund (WCF). A WCF is a revolving fund authorized by law to finance a
cycle of operations, where the costs of goods and services provided are
charged to the users on a fee-for-service basis. The funds received are
available without fiscal year limitation, to continue operations and to
replace capital equipment.
The activities which will be included in EPA's WCF are most of the
administrative services which are currently provided to the Agency by the
Office of Administration arid Resources Management (OARM). These activities
will be brought into the WCF over the next few years. Activities which will
be included in 1998 are the National Data Processing Division (NDPD) computer
operations at Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC and Postage.
The Agency's 1998 budget request includes resources and justification
for these two activities in each National Program Manager's (NPM's)
submission. The operating expenses target for NDPD operations is $95,900,000;
for Postage it is $5,100,000. There are also 66.0 workyears associated with
these activities.
11-1
-------
-------
User Fees
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
EPA USER FEE PROGRAM
In 1998, EPA has -five (5) user fee programs in operation and is proposing
three (3) additional user fee programs. These user fee programs are as follows.
USER FEES CURRENTLY BEING COLLECTBD
o Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program Fee
This fee is authorized by the Clean Air Act of 1990 and is managed by the
Office of Air and Radiation. Fee collections began in August 1992. This
fee is imposed on manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, light and heavy
trucks, and motorcycles. It covers the cost of certifying new engines and
vehicles and monitoring compliance of in-use engines and vehicles. In
1998, EPA expects to collect over $8.8 million from this fee.
O Radon Proficiency and Testing Fee
In 1994, the Office of Radon Programs developed two fees, one for
training radon abatement contractors and the other for certifying radon.
measurement devices. These two fees are specifically authorized by the
Indoor Radon Abatement Act and are designed to recover EPA's cost of its
radon training and certification programs. In 1998, EPA expects to
collect $.7 million from these two fees.
o Pesticide Reregistration Maintenance Fee
The 1998 amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) mandated accelerated reregistration of all pesticide products
registered prior to November 19,84, Congress authorized the Agency to
collect two kinds of fees - Pesticide Reregistration Fees and annual
Pesticide Maintenance Fees. The Pesticide Reregistration Fee expired in
1992. The Agency continues to collect Pesticide Maintenance Fees, which
are deposited into the non-appropriated Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund {FIFRA Fund). Pesticide Maintenance Fees are
assessed on the manufacturers of active ingredients used in pesticide
products based on the manufacturer's market share. The Food Quality
Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) extended Pesticide Maintenance Fees through
2001 and increased the cap on fees by $2.0 million. EPA expects to
collect $1S.O million from this fee in 1998.
o Pesticide Tolerance Fee
A tolerance is the maximum legal limit of a pesticide residue in and on
food commodities and animal feed. In 1954, the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) authorised the collection of fees for the
establishment of tolerances on raw agricultural commodities and in food
commodities. These fees supplement annual appropriated funds for EPA's
Tolerance Program and are also deposited into the FIFRA Fund. Annually
the fees are adjusted by the percentage change in the Federal employee
General Schedule (GS) pay scale. EPA expects to collect $2.0 million from
these fees in 1998. The FQPA mandates that EPA must require the payment
of such fees as will in the aggregate, be sufficient to provide, equip,
and maintain an adequate service for establishing tolerances. Although
fees will not increase in 1998, the Agency will reevaluate fees to recover
the full cost of tolerance determinations as directed by the FQPA.
12-1
-------
o Pre-manufacture Notice Fee
Since 1989, this fee has been collected for the review and processing of
new chemical Pre-Manufacture Notices (PMN) submitted to EPA by the
chemical industry. They are paid at the time of submission of the PMN for
review by EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
PMN fees are authorized by the Toxic Substances Control Act and contain a
cap on the amount the Agency may charge for a PMN review. EPA expects to
collect §3.0 million in PMN fees in 1998.
USER FEE PROPOSALS
o Pesticide Registration Fee
The Agency will work to implement the Pesticide Registration Fees
authorized by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) and U.S.C. 9701 "Fees and Charges for Government Services and
Things of Value." The Agency expects to collect $15 million in 1998 from
the reinstatement of pesticide registration fees that Congress suspended
through 1997, Through such fees, manufacturers of new pesticide products
share the cost of ensuring that authorized uses of these products do not
pose an unreasonable risk to human health or the environment. Pesticides
registration fees will be deposited into the General Fund.
o Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA) Fees
In 1998, the Agency anticipates that the feasibility of a user fee for the
RCRA program will be resolved. Previously identified fees either did not
meet the requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 or
were not programmatically feasible. EPA will continue to explore options
where a user fee in the RCRA Program As practical and programmatically
sound.
o National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) Fee
EPA will prepare a regulation to collect non-refundable fees for
developing, issuing, and modifying NPDES permits. These fees will be
collected for selected EPA-issued NPDES permits and will be charged when
a draft permit is issued for new facilities and modified permits are issued
for existing facilities.
.1.2-2
-------
Special Analyses
SECTION TAB
-------
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Object Classifications
(dollars in thousands)
Account and Object Class
Actuals
1996
Request
1997
Estimate
1997
Request
1998
Office ofInspector General
Direct obligations
Personnel Services
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
23,1 Rental payments to GSA
23.3 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges
25,2 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
Subtotal, Direct obligations
Reimbursable obligations
Subtotal, Reimbursable obligations
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
II
21
1
2
1
2
3
30
22
1
1
0
3
2
29
21
1
3
0
2
2
29
21
1
.3
0
2
2
29
4
42
14
1
44
10
2
41
10
1
40
Science and Technology
Direct obligations
Personnel Services -
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
22,0 Transportation of things
23.3 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges
24,0 Printing and reproduction
25,1 Advisory and assistance services
252 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
25.5 Research and development contracts
26,0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Subtotal, Direct obligations
Reimbursable obligations
Subtotal, Reimbursable obligations /2
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
161
2
1
4
1
4
28
57
47
9
21
103
438
165
5
1
3
1
5
38
45
50
7
20
239
579
169
5
1
4
1
4
140
67
56
10
23
178
658
174
4
1
4
0
5
37
75
62
9
21
178
570
15
1
454
101
2
682
119
1
778
124
1
695
I/ Reflects Superfund and LUST Inspector General resources transferred into the IG account.
21 Reflects Superfund Research transferred into the S&T account.
13-1
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Object Classifications
(dollars in thousands)
Account and Object Class
Actuals
1996
Request
1997
Estimate
1997
Request
1998
Environmental Protection and Management
Direct obligations
Personnel services
21,0 Travel and transportation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Rental payments to OSA
23-2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.1 Advisory and assistance services
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
25.5 Research and development contracts
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and Structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities
Subtotal, Direct obligations
Reimbursable obligations
Subtotal, Reimbursable obligations
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
725
1561
16
3
1580
821
1894
103
2
1999
793
1927
SI
0
2008
843
15
1
102
11
36
5
41
342
62
1
1
30
0
188
1
27
3
113
14
42
9
36
402
88
1
24
44
1
268
1
25
2
99
14
61
9
38
567
70
1
2
52
0
193
1
25
3
101
21
63
10
38
470
84
1
2
54
0
171
1
1887
81
0
1968
Buildings and Facilities
Direct obligations
252 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
25.4 Operation and maintenance of facilities.
32.0 Land and Structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
11
4
0
103
3
0
0
14
195
0
30
2
0
75
2
13
4
0
121
3
121
209
109
141
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
. Direct obligations
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
41,0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
7 0
10 0
2648 2852
2665
2852
1 0
1 1
3561 2792
3563
2793
13-2
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Object Classifications
(dollars in thousands)
Account and Object Class
Actuals
1996
Request
1997
Estimate
1997
Request
1998
Working Capital Fund
Reimbursable obligations
Personnel services
23.3 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges
25.2 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
0
0
0
0
0
6
20
101
4
0
5
13
71
6
2
.5
13
73
7
2
131
98
101
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Direct obligations
Personnel services
1210 Travel and transportation of persons
1231 Rental payments to GSA
1232 Rental payments to others
1233 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges
1240 Printing and reproduction
1251 Advisory and assistance services
1252 Other services
1253 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
1255 Research and development contracts
1260 Supplies and materials
1310 Equipment
1410 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
1420 Insurance claims and indemnities
1990 Subtotal, Direct obligations
Allocation Account
Personnel services
3210 Travel and transportation of persons
3231 Rental payments to GSA
3252 Other services
3310 Equipment
3410 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Subtotal, Allocation Account
Subtotal, Reimbursable obligations
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
215
6
26
4
4
1
15
400
438
6
3
10
118
9
229
12
30
3
5
1
46
387
425
21
2
8
145
15
236
12
25
3
4
1
16
956
470
6
4
12
130
10
272
23
29
5
5
1
28
492
793
11
4
13
335
11
1255
1329
1885
2022
21
1
1
20
1
19
63
267
3
17
1
1
21
2
20
62
90
3
22
1
1
21
1
21
67
230
2
27
1
1
19
1
19
68
230
4
1588
1484
2184
2324
13-3
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Object Classifications
(dollars in thousands)
Account and Object Class
Actuals
1996
Request
1997
Estimate
1997
Request
1998
L.U.S.T Trust Fund
Direct obligations
Personnel services
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
23.1 Rental payments to QSA
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts..
25.5 Research and development contracts
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
5
0
1
1
0
0
39
1
6
1
0
0
1
1
58
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
51
2
6
1
1
1
0
0
61
1
47
67
61
71
Oil Spill Response
Direct obligations
Personnel services
23.1 Rental payments to OSA
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchases of goods and services from Government accounts
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Subtotal, Direct obligations
Subtotal, Reimbursable obligations
Below reporting threshold
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
6
1
9
1
1
18
6
1
7
3
2
1
0
13
15
2
6
0
7
1
0
14
20
2
7
1
5
1
0
14
20
1
25
30
36
35
13-4
------- |