- Draft -
Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions
Report Number M6.FLT.003
Edward L. Glover
David J. Brzezinski
U.S.EPA Assessment and Modeling Division
1.0 INTRODUCTION
MOBILE6 will compute and report (as a user option) hourly emission factors for
start, running, and evaporative emissions. These outputs will be in addition to the standard
daily emission estimates which are currently calculated by MOBILES. The hourly
emission factors will allow the MOBILE6 model to provide more precise output that
accounts for the time of day that vehicle emissions occur. The temporal distribution of
emissions is an important factor in the formation of diurnal evaporative and start emissions.
The hourly emission estimates require considerable vehicle activity information and
analysis. The term "activity" refers to the vehicle's operating mode such as running, idling,
parked (soaking), etc. The specific activity information needed fro emissions estimates
includes soak durations, time of soak, trip lengths in minute and miles, time of trip, timing
of the soak with respect to the engine operation (before or after) and other information.
This document (M6.FLT.003) discusses the issue of vehicle soak time only as it pertains
to start emissions. Other activity estimates needed to develop daily emission factors for
exhaust, diurnal, running loss or resting loss emissions will be documented in other
MOBILE6 documents with the report numbers "M6.FLT.XXX".
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT 1 February 18, 1998
-------
2.0 DATA SOURCES USED
The primary data source for this analysis are the EPA instrumented vehicle studies
conducted in Baltimore and Spokane. In these studies, instrumentation to monitor vehicle
usage was installed with the motorists' permission on 168 randomly selected vehicles while
they were tested at an Inspection / Maintenance (I/M) station. The motorists returned one
or two weeks later to have the instrumentation removed. Information from more than
8,500 vehicle-trips was recorded. The raw data collected from the studies were processed
by the Radian Corporation under EPA contract to create a "trip characteristics" file. This
processed file was used to develop the hourly soak time distributions. For more details
regarding the instrumented vehicle studies and the data processing, please refer to the
document "Travel Trip Characteristics Analysis" Final Report under EPA Contract 68-C1-
0079 WA 2-05 with Sierra Research.
3.0 METHODOLOGY
This section describes the basic methodology used to develop the soak activity
estimates used to calculate start emissions. The process consisted of several steps. These
are discussed below.
3.1 Definition of a Soak
For the purpose of activity estimates for start emissions, a soak is defined as the
duration of time preceding a vehicle start in which the vehicle's engine is not operating, and
the ensuing vehicle start did not result in a stall (stalls were removed from the database).
Throughout this document the duration of the soak in units of time will be referred to as the
"soak length". Also, by convention, if this soak period preceding the vehicle start is less
than 12 hours then the engine start is a "hot start". If the soak period preceding the vehicle
start is more than 12 hours then the engine start is a "cold start". Vehicle start emissions
which are defined as "cold start" are assumed not to vary based on the prior soak length (as
long as the length exceeds 12 hours). The 12 hour period was chosen for consistency with
the Federal Test Procedure definition of hot and cold start.
3.2 Hourly Intervals
The 24 hour day was divided into 14 different hourly groups. Thirteen of these
groups have a duration of one hour. These start at 6:OOAM and run through 7:59:59PM.
The fourteenth hour contains the remaining nighttime and early morning hours as one
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT 2 February 18, 1998
-------
interval. Collapsing these hours into one was done for three reasons: (1) the emissions
contributed during the night have a relatively smaller impact on daily ozone or CO
formation than those contributed during the morning or day, (2) there were relatively little
data for these time periods, and (3) what data were available produced results which
showed very little hour to hour variance. The hourly intervals are shown in Table 1.
Factors Affecting Start Activity Values
3.3.1 Weekdays Versus Weekends
For a number of the soak parameters, a significant difference existed between the
value for the weekday and the value for the weekend. Conceptually this make sense since
most motorists have different usage patterns for their vehicles on weekdays than on
weekends. Differences may also exist for the various days of the week; however, the
database was too small to reliably discern these differences.
The MOBILE6 model will distinguish between weekend and weekday in terms of
activity and emissions, and a user input will be required to tell the model which one is to
be reported. The default will likely be the "weekday."
Table 1
Hourly Intervals
Nominal Name
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Hourly Range
6-7
7-8
8-9
9- 10
10- 11
11 - 12
12- 13
13- 14
14- 15
Time
6 am to 7 am
7 am to 8 am
8 am to 9 am
9 am to 10 am
10 am to 11 am
1 1 am to noon
noon to 1 pm
1 pm to 2 pm
2 pm to 3 pm
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
February 18, 1998
-------
15
16
17
18
24
15- 16
16- 17
17- 18
18- 19
19 -24 and 24 -5
3 pm to 4 pm
4 pm to 5 pm
5 pm to 6 pm
6 pm to 7 pm
7 pm to 6 am
3.3.2 Vehicle Type and Model Year
The vehicle "start" activity parameters such as the number of trips per day, and the
distribution of soak time after the trip end were also investigated by vehicle type or vehicle
age. Slight differences were found between cars and trucks in terms of starts per day, with
trucks having slightly more starts per day (shown in Table 2a). However, little significant
difference in the hourly soak length distributions were found between cars and trucks or
even by vehicle model year. The lack of difference in the hourly distributions between cars
and trucks was not particularly surprising since the number of trips per day are fairly
similar, and most light trucks today play virtually the same role as cars. Exceptions might
be in rural areas or heavily industrial areas where trucks frequently are used to haul
equipment or products.
The lack of difference between model years is a little more surprising. One would
expect an older vehicle to have a higher percentage of longer soaks, and possibly shorter
trips (i.e., the vehicle sits more and goes on fewer long trips because it is a second vehicle).
However, a limited analysis of the data did not conclusively demonstrate these hypotheses.
One reason might be the relatively small sample of older vehicles. For example, less than
15 percent of the vehicle sample were more than 10 years old at the time of the testing.
This was also too small a sub-sample to further split into 28 hourly and weekday/weekend
groups, and still obtain reasonable results. The other reason might be recruitment process
which was biased to obtain vehicles which were a motorists' primary vehicles rather than
spare second vehicles. As a result, the hourly distributions of soak length shown in Tables
3a and 3b and 4a and 4b represent both cars and trucks and all vehicle ages.
Since the default MOBILE6 hourly activity estimates are based exclusively on 168
vehicles, and thus cannot possibility reflect all geographical areas, times, or other variables,
the user will have the option of providing data on soak length prior to vehicle starts into the
MOBILE6 model from an external file.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
February 18, 1998
-------
3.4 Starts per Car-Day
The first necessary parameter in the model is the estimate for starts/car-day. Four
different estimates were developed. There is one estimate for each combination of car
versus truck and weekday versus weekend. These are average values obtained from the
instrumented vehicle database. The values are shown in Table 2a.
Table 2a
Starts per Car per Day
Cars
Weekday
7.28
Weekend
5.41
Trucks
Weekday
8.06
Weekend
5.68
These estimates based on the instrumented car data are subject to revision pending
completion of a thorough analysis of national trip data by an EPA contractor. The values
could potentially vary considerably from those presented here.
3.5 Daily Start Distribution by Time of Day Increment
Table 2b contains the distribution of the vehicle starts by hourly group. An estimate
is provided for each of the fourteen groups, and separate estimates are provided for
weekends and weekdays. For example, Table 2b shows that approximately 2.04 percent
of the starts occur during the period from 6:00 AM to 6:59:59 AM. The data which
underlies Table 2b were obtained from the instrument vehicle database. Each column sums
to 100 percent.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
February 18, 1998
-------
Table 2b
Distribution of Starts bv Hour (in r
Hour
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
24
Weekday
2.04
5.54
6.02
4.73
5.16
6.72
8.07
7.30
8.04
8.98
8.41
7.73
6.02
15.24
>ercent)
Weekend
0.91
1.93
3.10
6.45
6.91
7.97
10.16
7.26
8.89
7.36
8.02
7.11
6.15
17.78
3.6 Soak Length Distribution Within Each Hourly Group
The MOBILE6 model will contain a soak length distribution for each of the 14
hourly groups, and for both weekdays and weekends. As a result, there will be 28 soak
length distributions. Each of the 28 distributions contains 70 values. The use of 70 values
to represent the entire 720 minute distribution saves computing time and memory. The
time intervals represented by these 70 soak lengths are shown in the leftmost column in
Table 3a and 3b and Table 4a and 4b. Tables 3a and 3b show the soak length distributions
for weekdays, and Table 4a and 4b show the soak length distributions for weekends. The
first column in the tables is the soak length interval in minutes.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
February 18, 1998
-------
The remaining columns in Tables 3a and 3b and Tables 4a and 4b are the soak
length distributions. Each entry in a given column represents the precentage of the
distribution for a given interval. For example, in Table 3a the column labeled "six"
represents 6:OOAMto 6:59:59 AM. The first entry in the column (1.55039%) is the percent
of soaks that occur between 6:OOAM to 6:59:59 AM that are less than one minute which
were not stalls. The remaining entries in the column are analogous. The final entry at 720+
is the percent of soak which are longer than 720 minutes (45.7364%). Summing the
column should give a total value of 100 percent. Vehicle stalls will be handled separately.
The use of a lookup table to contain the cumulative soak length distribution of each
hourly group was necessary because no smooth functional form could be found which
adequately fit the data for all of the groups. This can be seen in Figure 1 which shows the
cumulative distribution versus soak length for the weekday 6-7 AM group (denoted as
"six" in the legend), the weekday 8-9 AM group (denoted as "eight" in the legend), and
the weekday 1-2 PM group (denoted as "thirteen" in the legend). Notice the considerable
differences between these distributions, and their difficult to fit data profiles. For example,
the 6 to 7 AM distribution tends to rise quickly to 20 percent, level off around 20 percent
until 450 minutes, and then start an upward movement. This is in direct contrast to the
cumulative distribution of the 1 to 2 PM group which shows very rapid rise at first and an
asymptotic shape as 720 minutes is approached.
3.7 Using the Soak Activities in the MOBILE6 Model
3.7.1 Hourly Start Emission Calculations
The start emission effects for each of the 70 soak length intervals in grams (see
document M6.STE.003) are multiplied by the analogous soak length activity percentages
shown in Tables 3a through 4b. As noted in Section 3.6 there are 70 intervals, some of
which last longer than one minute, rather than 720 one minute intervals. An average start
emission value (in grams) for a given hourly group is obtained by summing the 70 start
emission and activity products together. This sum is then multiplied by the number of
starts per day per vehicle which occur in the given hourly group to produce the average start
emission emission level for the given hourly group. This procedure was repeated for all
of the 28 hourly and weekday - weekend groups to produce an average hourly start emission
value for each group. These hourly average start emission values will be reported by the
MOBILE6 model directly.
As an example calculation: the number of starts per vehicle for a given hourly group
is calculated for the 10 to 11 AM weekday hourly group for cars by multiplying 7.28
starts/day-car x 5.16 percent (Table 2b) = 0.376 starts/vehicle.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT 7 February 18, 1998
-------
3.7.2 Daily Start Emission Calculations
The individual hourly start emission values will also be used to calculate an
average daily start emission value in MOBILE6. This value is analogous to those reported
by MOBILE4 and MOBILES. It is the product of the number of starts per day, and a
weighted average of the average hourly start emissions. The average number of starts per
day are shown in Table 2a. The hourly weighting factors used to weight the hourly groups
together are the values shown in Table 2b.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT 8 February 18, 1998
-------
time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
720+
six
1.55039
3.87597
3.10078
2.32558
1.55039
0.77519
0.77519
0.00000
1.55039
0.77519
0.77519
0.77519
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.77519
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.77519
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.77519
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.77519
0.77519
3.10078
5.42636
3.10078
2.32558
3.87597
1.55039
4.65116
4.65116
3.87597
45.73643
seven
2.51397
2.51397
6.14525
3.35196
3.07263
0.55866
0.83799
1.11732
0.55866
0.27933
0.55866
0.27933
0.55866
0.55866
0.55866
0.55866
0.00000
0.27933
0.83799
0.00000
0.55866
0.83799
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.27933
0.27933
0.00000
0.00000
0.55866
0.00000
0.27933
0.00000
0.00000
0.27933
0.00000
0.55866
0.27933
0.27933
0.00000
0.27933
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.27933
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.27933
0.00000
0.27933
0.27933
0.27933
0.27933
0.55866
1.39665
1.11732
0.83799
1.11732
2.79330
1.67598
5.58659
3.63128
3.91061
3.35196
42.73743
Table 3a - Weekdays
eight
2.86458
4.42708
4.16667
3.12500
2.34375
2.34375
3.38542
2.08333
1.30208
0.26042
2.60417
1.82292
1.30208
1.56250
1.04167
1.04167
0.52083
1.56250
1.04167
1.04167
1.30208
0.00000
0.78125
0.00000
0.78125
0.26042
0.52083
0.78125
0.26042
0.00000
0.26042
0.78125
0.78125
0.26042
1.04167
0.52083
0.00000
0.52083
0.00000
0.52083
0.78125
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.26042
0.26042
1.30208
0.26042
0.26042
0.00000
0.00000
0.26042
0.00000
0.26042
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.26042
0.26042
0.26042
0.00000
0.52083
1.82292
2.34375
0.78125
1.56250
1.56250
2.60417
35.15625
nine
0.66890
4.68227
5.01672
5.35117
2.67559
2.00669
2.34114
1.00334
1.33779
0.66890
1.67224
2.00669
2.67559
1.00334
0.66890
1.00334
1.33779
1.00334
0.33445
1.00334
1.33779
0.33445
1.00334
0.00000
2.34114
1.00334
0.66890
0.33445
0.33445
0.33445
1.00334
1.33779
0.33445
0.00000
0.66890
1.00334
1.33779
0.66890
0.00000
2.00669
0.00000
0.33445
0.33445
0.33445
0.66890
0.00000
6.02007
4.01338
2.34114
0.00000
0.00000
0.33445
0.33445
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.33445
0.00000
0.33445
0.00000
0.00000
0.66890
0.66890
0.66890
1.00334
0.66890
2.00669
0.33445
24.08027
ten
1.54321
6.17284
6.17284
4.01235
4.01235
2.16049
3.39506
1.23457
0.61728
0.92593
1.85185
2.46914
1.23457
0.30864
1.23457
0.92593
0.61728
1.23457
1.23457
0.61728
1.54321
1.23457
0.61728
1.54321
0.61728
0.00000
0.92593
0.00000
0.00000
0.92593
0.30864
0.92593
0.61728
1.23457
0.30864
1.23457
0.92593
1.23457
0.61728
0.61728
1.85185
0.92593
0.61728
0.92593
0.30864
0.30864
7.40741
4.01235
1.85185
0.30864
0.92593
1.23457
0.30864
0.30864
0.61728
0.30864
0.30864
0.30864
0.00000
0.30864
0.00000
0.61728
0.61728
0.30864
0.61728
0.61728
1.23457
0.30864
15.12346
eleven
2.10280
1.86916
4.67290
4.90654
4.67290
3.27103
3.73832
3.27103
1.16822
3.03738
0.93458
1.86916
3.27103
0.93458
0.70093
1.16822
0.93458
1.40187
0.46729
0.70093
0.70093
1.16822
0.46729
1.40187
0.46729
0.46729
0.93458
0.46729
1.16822
0.23364
0.46729
1.63551
1.40187
1.16822
0.46729
1.40187
0.46729
1.40187
0.46729
0.93458
0.70093
0.46729
0.23364
0.70093
0.23364
0.00000
4.90654
4.90654
3.03738
3.03738
2.33645
2.80374
2.57009
0.00000
0.23364
0.00000
0.70093
0.23364
0.00000
0.23364
0.00000
0.00000
0.23364
0.00000
0.46729
0.46729
0.23364
0.00000
8.87850
twelve
1.71756
4.96183
5.53435
4.96183
4.77099
2.48092
3.81679
2.09924
2.09924
1.71756
0.95420
1.90840
1.90840
0.57252
1.14504
1.52672
0.95420
1.14504
0.76336
1.90840
1.33588
0.95420
0.57252
0.76336
0.57252
0.38168
1.14504
0.57252
0.19084
0.57252
0.38168
1.14504
2.09924
1.33588
0.57252
0.76336
1.14504
0.95420
0.95420
0.38168
0.38168
0.76336
1.52672
0.76336
1.33588
0.38168
5.15267
2.29008
1.90840
2.29008
1.71756
2.86260
3.62595
2.29008
0.38168
0.76336
0.00000
0.00000
0.38168
0.38168
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.38168
0.00000
0.19084
0.00000
6.48855
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
February 18, 1998
-------
time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
720+
thirteen
2.15054
3.87097
4.94624
3.87097
4.08602
3.22581
3.22581
2.15054
2.58065
2.15054
1.29032
2.58065
1.93548
1.29032
1.50538
1.50538
0.86022
0.86022
1.07527
1.72043
0.21505
1.29032
2.15054
0.21505
1.50538
1.29032
0.86022
0.21505
1.07527
0.86022
0.64516
0.64516
1.72043
0.86022
1.07527
0.64516
1.07527
0.64516
1.07527
0.43011
0.64516
0.86022
0.43011
0.43011
0.86022
0.00000
6.45161
1.93548
3.01075
1.93548
1.72043
2.15054
1.07527
1.07527
1.07527
0.21505
1.07527
0.64516
0.21505
0.21505
0.43011
0.64516
0.00000
0.43011
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
7.09677
fourteen
1.36452
4.87329
4.87329
4.67836
1.94932
4.67836
2.72904
3.11891
2.53411
2.33918
1.94932
1.75439
1.36452
1.75439
0.97466
0.38986
0.19493
1.36452
1.55945
0.38986
0.77973
0.38986
1.16959
0.77973
0.77973
0.58480
0.77973
1.16959
0.77973
0.19493
0.58480
1.36452
1.36452
1.75439
0.97466
0.97466
0.77973
0.58480
0.77973
1.75439
0.00000
0.58480
0.58480
0.97466
0.97466
0.38986
7.21248
4.67836
4.28850
2.33918
1.36452
1.36452
0.77973
0.97466
0.58480
0.19493
1.16959
0.97466
1.36452
0.19493
0.38986
0.77973
0.38986
0.00000
0.00000
0.19493
0.00000
0.00000
4.09357
Table 3b - Weekdays
fifteen
1.39616
3.83944
5.93368
4.71204
3.49040
3.66492
4.01396
2.61780
2.61780
1.74520
2.44328
1.57068
1.57068
1.22164
0.69808
1.04712
1.04712
0.34904
1.22164
0.69808
1.04712
0.87260
1.04712
1.04712
0.69808
0.69808
0.17452
0.34904
0.52356
0.34904
0.52356
1.22164
0.69808
0.34904
1.22164
1.39616
0.52356
1.04712
1.22164
0.34904
0.17452
0.34904
0.52356
0.87260
0.52356
0.17452
5.58464
4.01396
2.44328
3.14136
1.22164
1.04712
0.69808
0.52356
0.52356
1.04712
1.91972
1.57068
0.87260
1.57068
1.39616
3.83944
1.91972
0.17452
0.34904
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
2.26876
sixteen
2.02578
4.41989
4.60405
4.41989
3.49908
4.05157
2.39411
1.84162
2.02578
2.02578
1.47330
2.20994
0.92081
1.28913
0.55249
1.47330
0.92081
0.36832
1.10497
1.10497
1.10497
0.92081
0.55249
0.73665
1.10497
0.55249
0.92081
0.73665
0.55249
0.36832
1.28913
1.10497
0.73665
1.28913
0.55249
0.92081
0.73665
0.36832
0.73665
0.73665
0.92081
0.92081
0.55249
1.28913
0.36832
0.18416
6.62983
4.78821
2.57827
1.84162
1.65746
3.13076
1.28913
1.28913
0.55249
0.36832
0.36832
0.00000
0.18416
1.65746
1.84162
4.78821
0.92081
0.36832
0.18416
0.36832
0.00000
0.18416
2.02578
seventeen
2.61044
3.61446
6.02410
6.62651
3.61446
2.00803
2.20884
2.40964
1.80723
1.40562
1.00402
1.40562
1.00402
1.20482
1.00402
1.40562
0.80321
0.40161
0.80321
1.40562
0.60241
0.60241
0.40161
1.20482
1.20482
0.20080
0.80321
1.20482
0.80321
0.40161
0.20080
1.20482
1.60643
0.80321
0.80321
0.80321
1.00402
0.80321
0.40161
0.60241
0.60241
0.00000
1.00402
0.80321
0.20080
1.00402
5.42169
4.81928
2.20884
2.40964
2.20884
0.60241
2.40964
1.60643
0.60241
1.00402
0.20080
0.20080
0.00000
1.40562
2.61044
2.61044
3.21285
1.60643
1.40562
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1.40562
eighteen
1.29870
3.37662
3.63636
3.89610
3.11688
3.37662
3.89610
2.33766
3.11688
0.25974
1.81818
1.03896
2.07792
1.55844
0.77922
1.29870
1.81818
1.03896
0.00000
1.03896
0.25974
0.77922
1.03896
1.29870
0.25974
0.25974
0.25974
0.77922
0.51948
1.55844
0.51948
0.51948
0.77922
0.77922
0.77922
0.77922
0.77922
1.29870
0.51948
0.51948
0.51948
1.03896
1.03896
0.77922
0.77922
0.51948
10.90909
4.41558
5.71429
4.67532
1.81818
1.03896
1.81818
1.03896
0.25974
0.51948
0.51948
0.00000
0.25974
0.00000
0.00000
0.25974
0.77922
3.11688
0.25974
0.51948
0.77922
0.00000
1.55844
twenty-four
1.75077
3.39856
3.70752
2.88363
2.26571
1.75077
1.54480
1.64779
0.72091
0.41195
0.72091
0.72091
0.72091
0.51493
0.92688
1.33883
0.61792
0.41195
1.13285
0.61792
1.02987
0.41195
0.72091
1.13285
0.82389
0.30896
0.30896
0.41195
0.41195
0.30896
0.61792
1.13285
0.82389
0.92688
0.51493
0.92688
0.20597
0.41195
0.72091
0.92688
0.30896
1.23584
0.92688
0.82389
0.82389
0.51493
8.44490
6.48816
5.87024
4.84037
3.29557
2.88363
1.64779
1.33883
2.16272
1.13285
0.92688
1.02987
0.72091
1.54480
1.95675
2.26571
0.92688
0.30896
0.61792
0.92688
0.61792
0.41195
4.11946
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
10
February 18, 1998
-------
time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
>720
SIX
0.00000
0.11111
0.05556
0.16667
0.05556
0.00000
0.05556
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.05556
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.05556
0.05556
0.00000
0.05556
0.00000
0.05556
0.05556
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.22222
seven
0.05263
0.02632
0.07895
0.05263
0.00000
0.02632
0.00000
0.05263
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.02632
0.02632
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.02632
0.02632
0.02632
0.05263
0.00000
0.02632
0.00000
0.05263
0.00000
0.02632
0.42105
Table 4a - Weekends
eight
0.00000
0.03279
0.01639
0.03279
0.06557
0.03279
0.01639
0.01639
0.01639
0.03279
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.01639
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.03279
0.00000
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.00000
0.03279
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.00000
0.00000
0.01639
0.04918
0.01639
0.01639
0.03279
0.00000
0.03279
0.34426
nine
0.03937
0.02362
0.05512
0.05512
0.00787
0.06299
0.00000
0.00787
0.01575
0.00787
0.00787
0.00787
0.02362
0.00787
0.00787
0.00000
0.01575
0.02362
0.00000
0.00787
0.00787
0.00000
0.02362
0.01575
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01575
0.00787
0.00000
0.00000
0.00787
0.00000
0.01575
0.00000
0.01575
0.00000
0.00000
0.00787
0.00000
0.00787
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00787
0.00787
0.03150
0.02362
0.00787
0.00000
0.00000
0.01575
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01575
0.00787
0.00787
0.01575
0.02362
0.00787
0.03150
0.00000
0.00787
0.00787
0.27559
ten
0.00000
0.05147
0.05147
0.05147
0.03676
0.02206
0.03676
0.01471
0.02941
0.02206
0.00000
0.00000
0.01471
0.01471
0.02206
0.01471
0.00000
0.00735
0.01471
0.00000
0.00735
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00735
0.01471
0.00000
0.00000
0.00735
0.02206
0.03676
0.00735
0.00000
0.02941
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00735
0.02206
0.00735
0.00735
0.00000
0.00735
0.04412
0.00735
0.00735
0.02206
0.00000
0.00000
0.00735
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01471
0.00735
0.00735
0.00735
0.00735
0.00000
0.00000
0.01471
0.26471
eleven
0.02548
0.02548
0.01911
0.05096
0.02548
0.03822
0.00637
0.01911
0.01911
0.03185
0.00637
0.00637
0.02548
0.01274
0.01274
0.00000
0.00000
0.02548
0.00637
0.01274
0.00637
0.00637
0.01274
0.01274
0.00637
0.00637
0.00000
0.01274
0.00637
0.00637
0.02548
0.04459
0.00000
0.00637
0.00637
0.01274
0.00637
0.00000
0.00000
0.01911
0.01274
0.01274
0.00637
0.00000
0.00000
0.00637
0.08917
0.01911
0.02548
0.00000
0.00637
0.01274
0.00000
0.00000
0.00637
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00637
0.00637
0.01274
0.00637
0.00000
0.00000
0.20382
twelve
0.01500
0.05500
0.05500
0.03500
0.04000
0.04000
0.02500
0.04500
0.03500
0.01500
0.01500
0.03500
0.01500
0.00000
0.01500
0.01500
0.00500
0.01500
0.00500
0.01000
0.01500
0.01000
0.01000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01500
0.00500
0.00500
0.00500
0.00000
0.01000
0.00000
0.00500
0.00500
0.02500
0.00500
0.00000
0.02000
0.01500
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.02000
0.00500
0.01000
0.00500
0.04000
0.03500
0.02500
0.02500
0.01000
0.00500
0.00000
0.00500
0.01000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00500
0.00000
0.00500
0.00000
0.00500
0.00000
0.00500
0.00000
0.14500
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
11
February 18, 1998
-------
time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
>720
thirteen
0.00699
0.04196
0.05594
0.04196
0.04196
0.01399
0.03497
0.02098
0.00699
0.00699
0.01399
0.02797
0.01399
0.02797
0.00000
0.00699
0.00699
0.01399
0.01399
0.00699
0.00699
0.00000
0.01399
0.00699
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01399
0.01399
0.01399
0.01399
0.00000
0.02098
0.02098
0.01399
0.00000
0.01399
0.01399
0.01399
0.01399
0.01399
0.00699
0.01399
0.00000
0.00000
0.01399
0.06294
0.04895
0.01399
0.03497
0.02098
0.00699
0.00699
0.00699
0.00699
0.00699
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00699
0.12587
fourteen
0.03429
0.06286
0.04571
0.02857
0.05143
0.02286
0.01143
0.02857
0.02857
0.01714
0.02286
0.00000
0.01143
0.00571
0.00000
0.01714
0.01143
0.00571
0.00571
0.03429
0.01143
0.01143
0.00000
0.00571
0.01143
0.00571
0.01143
0.00571
0.00571
0.00571
0.00000
0.01143
0.01714
0.01143
0.00000
0.00000
0.01714
0.00000
0.00571
0.01143
0.00571
0.01714
0.00000
0.01714
0.00571
0.00000
0.08000
0.04571
0.04000
0.02286
0.00000
0.02857
0.00000
0.01143
0.00571
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01143
0.00571
0.00000
0.00571
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00571
0.09714
Table 4b - Weekends
fifteen
0.01379
0.06207
0.04828
0.06207
0.02759
0.03448
0.02069
0.01379
0.04138
0.03448
0.00690
0.01379
0.00000
0.00690
0.00000
0.00000
0.02069
0.01379
0.01379
0.00000
0.00690
0.01379
0.00000
0.00690
0.02069
0.00000
0.00690
0.00000
0.00690
0.00690
0.00000
0.00690
0.00690
0.00690
0.02759
0.00690
0.02069
0.00690
0.00690
0.02759
0.00690
0.00690
0.01379
0.00690
0.01379
0.00000
0.04138
0.04828
0.04138
0.03448
0.01379
0.02759
0.00690
0.01379
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00690
0.00690
0.00690
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00690
0.00000
0.00000
0.07586
sixteen
0.00704
0.04225
0.03521
0.04225
0.04225
0.04225
0.02817
0.03521
0.02817
0.02817
0.01408
0.00704
0.00704
0.02113
0.01408
0.00000
0.00000
0.00704
0.00704
0.02817
0.01408
0.00000
0.00704
0.01408
0.01408
0.02113
0.00000
0.00704
0.01408
0.00000
0.00704
0.02113
0.00704
0.00000
0.00704
0.04225
0.01408
0.00000
0.02817
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.02113
0.00000
0.02113
0.00000
0.09155
0.04225
0.02817
0.05634
0.00000
0.02113
0.02113
0.01408
0.00704
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01408
0.00704
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
seventeen
0.00758
0.02273
0.03788
0.04545
0.03030
0.01515
0.01515
0.03030
0.00758
0.03030
0.01515
0.00758
0.00000
0.00758
0.04545
0.03030
0.00758
0.03030
0.00758
0.00758
0.00758
0.01515
0.03030
0.00758
0.00758
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01515
0.00758
0.00000
0.00000
0.02273
0.02273
0.01515
0.00758
0.00000
0.02273
0.00758
0.01515
0.00000
0.00000
0.01515
0.09091
0.06818
0.03030
0.03030
0.00000
0.01515
0.01515
0.01515
0.04545
0.03030
0.00000
0.01515
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00758
0.00758
0.00758
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
eighteen
0.02542
0.04237
0.05085
0.03390
0.02542
0.00847
0.00000
0.03390
0.01695
0.01695
0.01695
0.01695
0.03390
0.00000
0.00847
0.00847
0.00000
0.01695
0.00000
0.01695
0.00847
0.00000
0.01695
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.00847
0.01695
0.00847
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.02542
0.01695
0.00000
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.02542
0.00000
0.00000
0.09322
0.11864
0.05932
0.01695
0.05085
0.01695
0.03390
0.01695
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.02542
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.00847
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
twenty-four
0.01172
0.04297
0.05469
0.04688
0.05078
0.03125
0.02734
0.02344
0.00391
0.01563
0.01172
0.01953
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.01563
0.00391
0.00781
0.00391
0.00391
0.00781
0.00000
0.00391
0.00781
0.00391
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00781
0.00000
0.00781
0.00000
0.00000
0.00391
0.01172
0.00391
0.00391
0.00391
0.00781
0.00391
0.01563
0.00391
0.00000
0.00391
0.00391
0.08984
0.05469
0.05469
0.06250
0.05078
0.02734
0.03125
0.04688
0.00391
0.00781
0.01563
0.02344
0.00000
0.00391
0.01953
0.00391
0.00391
0.00781
0.00781
0.00000
0.00391
0.00000
0.00000
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
12
February 18, 1998
-------
Figure 1
Cumulative Soak Length Distribution for Selected Hourly Groups
(Soaks are Prior to Vehicle Start)
100 200 300 400 500
Soak Time (Minutes)
600
700
800
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT
13
February 18, 1998
-------
COMMENTS
Comments on this report and its proposed use in MOBILE6 should be sent to the attention
of the author, and submitted electronically to mobile@epamail.epa.gov, or by fax to
(313)741-7939, or by mail to MOBILE6 Review Comments, US EPA Assessment and
Modeling Division, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor MI 48105. Electronic submission
of comments is preferred, since we will make any comments available on our web site. In
your comments, please note clearly the document that you are commenting on including the
report title and the code number listed. Please be sure to include your name, address,
affiliation, and any other pertinent information.
M6FLT003.WPD DRAFT 14 February 18, 1998
------- |