Putting Energy Into Stewardship
ENERGY STAR® Guide for Congregations
LEARN MORE AT
energystar.gov
ENERGY STAR®, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
program helps us all save money and protect our environment
through energy efficient products and practices. For more
information, visit www.energystar.gov.
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ENERGY STAR® Putting Energy Into Stewardship: Congregations Guide
ENERGYSTAR
Getting Started 1
Getting Started: Identifying Projects 1
Getting Started: Finding Funds 2
Getting Started: Selecting Contractors 3
Getting Started: Prioritizing Projects 3
Getting Started: Managing Projects 4
Sure Energy Savers 5
Larger Opportunities 8
Larger Opportunities: Building Shell 9
Larger Opportunities: Lighting 11
Larger Opportunities: Commercial Food Service Equipment 18
Larger Opportunities: Heating, Cooling & Ventilating 19
Larger Opportunities: Office Equipment & Appliances 21
Sanctuary/Worship Space 23
Sanctuary Space -A Closer Look at Opportunities 23
Calculate Savings 25
Calculate: Assess Your Savings Potential! 26
Calculate: Financial Analysis 27
Calculate: Saving With ENERGY STAR 28
Calculate: Indirect Benefits 28
Green Your Congregation 29
Green Your Congregation: Renewable Energy and Green Power 30
Green Your Congregation: Air Pollution 31
Green Your Congregation: New Building Design 32
Green Your Congregation: Paper 32
Green Your Congregation: Recycling 33
Green Your Congregation: Water 34
Green Your Congregation: Mega-Churches 35
Green Your Congregation: Learn More! 37
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December 2007
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LEARN MORE AT
ENERGY STAR®, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
program helps us all save money and protect our environment
through energy efficient products and practices. For more
information, visit www.energystar.gov
GETTING STARTED
Virtually any congregational facility can improve its energy efficiency easily and cost-effectively, using the
numerous resources that are available both from ENERGY STAR, as well as, a wide variety of other
organizations. These resources are available to help you through the process of completing an upgrade. This
process can be broken into major activities that are involved in carrying out an energy improvement project.
Identifying Projects
Finding Funds
Selecting Contractors
Prioritizing Projects
Managing Projects
GETTING STARTED: IDENTIFYING PROJECTS
As the saying goes, "time is money" and that can be particularly true for congregational
facilities. However, not taking time (to save energy) can mean big money lost that could
be used for other outreach and stewardship initiatives.
Reduction in daily energy costs and monthly utility bills for the lifetime of your facility can
make it well worth the time needed to pursue effective-efficiency upgrades. Here are
some strategies to jump-start your energy savings:
> Ask your utility if they offer free or inexpensive energy audits and/or rebates for energy-efficiency upgrades.
A good place to start is the Energy Crossroads Web site (EXIT>) - a consolidated listing, by state, of many
of the utility energy-efficiency programs.
> Invite contractors to your facility to suggest upgrades and provide free estimates.
p Contract with an energy professional to coordinate and manage your project.
> Leverage your time by drawing on the expertise of ENERGY STAR by visiting its Congregations Web site.
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GETTING STARTED: FINDING FUNDS
Access to capital for an energy-efficiency upgrade need not be an issue. Some
upgrades require little funding. For those that do require investment, don't worry; there
are many traditional and non-traditional financial resources available. A well-designed
upgrade can provide your facility a positive cash flow from energy savings while paying
off the investment for new equipment.
Did You Know?
Energy-efficient upgrades typically save you
money that can be used to pay for the cost
of projects.
For small, inexpensive projects, you may want to use your own internal
funds to pay for the upgrade. Depending on your congregation's
finances, this could come from your savings, operating budget, or
funding raising initiatives. For larger jobs, financing might be the only
way to pay for the upgrade. Fortunately, a variety of sources and
mechanisms exist to help finance energy-efficiency improvement
projects.
It's your decision to weigh your competing needs for funds versus continuing increases in operating costs for
energy. Remember- even a long-term investment on energy efficiency results in affordable comfort, and new,
more reliable equipment that will pay for itself with energy savings. Strategic energy-efficiency investments are
your hedge against the certainty of higher utility bills that you cannot control.
The following resources can help you find funding information and opportunities for your upgrade:
To help you locate special offers and rebates in your area, ENERGY STAR provides an online zip code driven
tool. Another resource for incentives and rebates is the DSIRE Database for State Incentives for Renewables
and Efficiency.
ENERGY STAR'S Resources: Finance, Products & Services Web page
ENERGY STAR'S Directory of Energy Efficiency Programs (DEEP)
ENERGY STAR'S Buildings Upgrade Manual - Financing Section (PDF)
(EXIT>)
Energy Crossroads
DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Financial Opportunities
National Association of State Energy Officials' "State and Territory Energy Offices" Web page
Alliance to Save Energy's Financing Energy Efficiency Web page
Local Government Commission's Funding Opportunities
Another aspect of funding energy efficiency is group purchasing to achieve lower unit prices on efficient
equipment with volume purchases. Read more about this strategy in ENERGY STAR'S Group Purchasing Fact
Sheet (PDF)
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GETTING STARTED: SELECTING CONTRACTORS
The selection of experienced, competent contractors and other energy professionals is critical to the success of
your energy-efficiency project(s). Here are some guidelines to aid you in choosing a contractor:
> Ask for multiple current references that you can contact about work the contractor performed.
> Ask the contractor to provide a cost-estimate in writing for any work they will do.
> Make sure they are licensed and insured contractor.
> The contractor should certify that their work conforms to state and local regulations and codes.
> Verify that the contractor carries workers' compensation insurance.
> Make sure the contractor has experience and will use energy-efficient equipment.
Visit ENERGY STAR'S online "Service and Product Provider Directory" and search for contractors and energy
professionals in your area to help you with your upgrade(s).
Check the following sources for additional tips on selecting a
contractor:
ENERGY STAR'S 10 Tips for Hiring a Heating and Cooling Contractor
(EXIT>)
California Energy Commission's How To Hire An Energy Services
Company Handbook (PDF)
California Energy Commission's How To Hire An Energy Auditor To
Identify Energy Efficiency Projects Handbook (PDF)
State of Oregon Construction Contractors Board Consumer Help
The members of your congregation may also find the following resources useful:
ENERGY STAR'S Recommendations for Finding a Contractor
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Home Energy Saver (EXIT>)
Did You Know?
Many contractor associations offer valuable
information and advice on selecting a
contractor, and a directory of listings. For
example, visit the Air Conditioning
Contractors of America (EXIT >) Web site.
GETTING STARTED: PRIORITIZING PROJECTS
You may wonder, "Where should I start?" Do I replace one piece of equipment or
system at a time? Or, should I do a comprehensive upgrade of my entire facility? The
answer will vary depending on each individual facility's situation. The age of your current
equipment and facility systems, your type facility, your local utility rates, your hours of
operation, and your access to financial resources are all key factors in what level of
upgrade makes sense. One place to start is with low-cost and no-cost changes such as
those listed in the Sure Energy Savers section of this guide.
If cash flow is an issue, you may want to wait until a piece of equipment or system fails or is a certain number of
years old before replacing it with an energy-efficient model. However, if you are building a new facility or doing a
major remodel, you should incorporate energy-efficient upgrades into your design due to the lower incremental
cost of "doing it right the first time." For an existing facility, it may come down to what is financially feasible for
your facility at a particular time. Ask your contractor if they can assist you in prioritizing your energy-efficiency
projects.
In addition, the following resources may be helpful to you:
ENERGY STAR'S Cash Flow Opportunity (CFO) Calculator
ENERGY STAR'S Building Upgrade Manual's Business Analysis Section (PDF)
(EXIT>)
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Planning and Financing Your Project
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GETTING STARTED: MANAGING PROJECTS
The size and complexity of the energy-efficiency project your congregation undertakes will most likely be the
main factor in deciding who will manage the project. For something as simple as replacing HVAC filters or
replacing incandescent lamps (light bulbs) with ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), you, your
staffer members could do it yourselves. Depending on the skills available to you, installing caulking and
weather-stripping, ceiling fans, occupancy sensors for lights, LED exit signs, and programmable thermostats
may be "do-it-yourself projects not requiring outside help.
A more complex project, such as designing and replacing your facility's entire
lighting system, will require the help of someone who has experience managing that
type of project. Here are some resources to assist you in the process of managing
your energy-efficiency projects:
ENERGY STAR'S Create Action Plan
ENERGY STAR'S New Building Design
California Energy Commission's How to Hire a Construction Manager For Your Energy Efficiency Projects
Handbook (PDF)
As your facility implements energy-efficient projects it is good practice to continuously assess energy
performance to ensure that savings are being achieved. ENERGY STAR offers tools to help you understand
and assess your facility's energy performance.
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SURE ENERGY SAVERS
It's easy to get started improving the energy efficiency of your congregational facility with little expertise or
money. There are many reliable, low-risk, high-return actions that you can do, and are relatively simple! If
resources permit, undertaking a comprehensive energy efficiency program, with the assistance of a professional
if needed, would yield even greater savings. However, while you are considering a comprehensive program at
least implement as many of the actions from the following list that you can to start saving now! Further
information on these topics can be found in the Larger Opportunities section of this Guide.
Lighting
Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in use. High utility costs often include paying for
energy that is completely wasted by equipment left "on" for long periods while not in use.
Replace incandescent light bulbs with ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent lamps
(CFLs), wherever appropriate. CFLs cost about 75% less to operate, and last about 10 times
longer.
> Install switch plate occupancy sensors in proper locations to automatically turn lighting off when
no one is present, and back on when people return. Even good equipment can be installed
wrong, so don't install the sensor behind a coat rack, door, bookcase, etc. It must be able to
"see" an approaching person's motion to turn on the light before, or as they enter an unlit area.
> Adjust lighting to your actual needs; use free "daylighting."
> To prevent glare, eyestrain, and headaches, do not "over-light." Too much light can be as bad for visual quality as
too little light - and it costs a lot more.
> Install ENERGY STAR qualified exit signs. These exit signs can dramatically reduce maintenance by eliminating
lamp replacement and can save $10 dollars per sign annually in electricity costs while preventing up to 500
pounds of greenhouse gas emissions.
> Consider upgrading from older T12 (1.5" diameter) tubes with magnetic ballasts to more efficient T8 (1" diameter)
fluorescent lamp tubes with solid-state electronic ballasts.
Heating and Air Conditioning
> "Tune-up" your heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system with an annual
maintenance contract. Even a new ENERGY STAR qualified HVAC system, like a new car,
will decline in performance without regular maintenance. A contract automatically ensures
that your HVAC contractor will provide "pre-season" tune-ups before each cooling and
heating season. Your chances of an emergency HVAC breakdown also become very
remote with regular maintenance.
Regularly change (or clean if reusable) HVAC filters every month during peak cooling or heating season. New
filters usually only cost a few dollars. Dirty filters cost more to use, overwork the equipment, and result in lower
indoor air quality.
Install an ENERGY STAR qualified programmable thermostat to automate your HVAC system. This solid-state,
electronic device optimizes HVAC operation"24/7" based on your schedule, and can be "overridden" as needed
for unscheduled events. So congregation members, staff and visitors always enter a comfortable facility, this
"smart thermostat" can turn on the HVAC a certain amount of time before arrival instead of heating or cooling
unoccupied space.
Control direct sun through windows depending on the season and local climate. During cooling season, block
direct heat gain from the sun shining through glass on the east and especially west sides of the facility.
Depending on your facility, options such as "solar screens," "solar films," awnings, and vegetation can help. Over
time, trees can attractively shade the facility, and help clean the air. Interior curtains or drapes can help, but it's
best to prevent the summer heat from getting past the glass and inside. During heating season, with the sun low
in the South, unobstructed southern windows can contribute solar heat gain during the day.
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> Keep exterior doors closed while running your HVAC. It sounds simple but it will help to avoid wasteful loss of
heated or cooled air.
> Use fans when a room/area is occupied.. Comfort is a function of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
Moving air can make a somewhat higher temperature and/or humidity feel comfortable. Fans can help delay or
reduce the need for air conditioning, and a temperature setting of as much as 3 to 5 degrees higher can feel just
as comfortable with fans, and each degree of higher temperature can save about 3% on cooling costs. When the
temperature outside is more comfortable than inside, a "box fan" in the window, or large "whole facility" fan in the
attic, can push air out of the facility and pull in comfortable outside air. Fans can improve comfort and save
energy year round.
> Plug leaks with weather stripping and caulking. This will help prevent the escape of heated or cooled air from
your facility. Caulking and weather stripping also let you manage your ventilation, which is the deliberate
controlled exchange of stuffy inside air for fresher outdoor air. To learn more about indoor air quality in your
facility visit EPA's "Indoor Air Quality" Web page.
Office Equipment
_^^ > Always buy ENERGY STAR qualified products for your facility. The ENERGY STAR mark
^H indicates the most efficient computers, printers, copiers, televisions, windows, thermostats,
ceiling fans, and other appliances and equipment.
Water-Hot and Cold
> Fix leaks. Small leaks add up to many gallons of water and dollars wasted each month.
Water conservation saves energy and money, especially when it is hot water.
> Use water-saving faucets, (EXIT>) showerheads, (EXIT>) toilets and urinals (EXIT>) to
save water.
> Install an insulation blanket on water heaters seven years of age or older, and insulate the first 3 feet of the
heated water "out" pipe on both old and new units.
> If buying a new water heater, always buy the most efficient model possible. In areas of infrequent water use,
consider "tankless" water heaters to reduce "standby" storage costs and waste.
> Set water temperature only as hot as needed (110-120 degrees) to prevent scalds and save energy (check local
codes for specific temperatures).
> When landscaping, practice green landscaping (greenscaping orxeriscaping) to preserve natural resources and
prevent waste and pollution by using plants native to your climate that require minimal watering and possess
better pest resistance. If local code allows, consider diverting "gray water" (PDF) for irrigation rather than using
fresh water.
Kitchen and Food Service Equipment
> Purchase ENERGY STAR qualified commercial food service equipment. For example,
qualified refrigerators and freezers are on average 35% more energy efficient than
standard models, which equals up to $170 annually for refrigerators and $120 for freezers;
deep fryers can save between $80 and $600 per year; hot food holding cabinets can save
an average of $430 per year; and steam cookers can save nearly $550 per year depending
on fuel.
> For existing refrigerators, clean refrigerator coils twice a year and replace door gaskets if a dollar bill easily slips
out when closed between the door's seals.
> Have large and walk-in refrigeration systems serviced at least annually. This includes cleaning, refrigerant top off,
lubrication of moving parts, and adjustment of belts. This will help ensure efficient operation and longer
equipment life.
> Consider retrofitting existing refrigerators and display cases with anti-sweat door heater controls, and variable
speed evaporator fan motors and controls.
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Funding
> Check the various government entities in your area for tax incentives the may apply to energy-efficiency
upgrades you perform in your facility.
> Contact your local utilities to inquire about rebate programs they have that may apply to energy-efficiency
upgrades to your facility.
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LARGER OPPORTUNITIES
Building Shell
Building shell improvements are one of the first places you should focus on when upgrading your existing
congregational facility. Start with the low cost/no cost opportunities. Like the lighting system, these factors are
key to properly sizing the heating and cooling system during new construction or major upgrades.
Lighting
Lighting is a critical component of every congregational facility. Your staff must be able to see to perform their
duties, and objects and spaces must be aesthetically pleasing to your congregation.
Commercial Food Service Equipment
When you think of commercial food service equipment (CFSE), you probably think of restaurants, however CFSE is present
in a variety of other facilities as well.
Heating, Cooling & Ventilating
Proper heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (known in the trade as HVAC) are key to maintaining a
comfortable, and healthy environment. Improved heating and cooling performance along with substantial energy
savings can be achieved by implementing energy-efficiency measures.
Office Equipment & Appliances
When congregational facility owners/operators think of energy consumption, they naturally focus on building
operations (such as lighting and air-conditioning) and its shell components, but not necessarily on the energy
consuming office equipment and appliances contained within.
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LARGER OPPORTUNITIES: BUILDING SHELL
Building shell improvements are one of the first places you should focus on when
upgrading your existing congregational facility. Start with the low cost/ no cost
opportunities. Like the lighting system, these factors are key to properly sizing the
heating and cooling system during new construction or major upgrades.
These elements of the building are a major investment that should be purchased
on a "life-cycle costing" or return-on-investment basis, rather than lowest initial
cost. Over the life of the building, the operating savings in energy alone will far
outweigh the initial cost of these items. Plus, in the case of new construction, it will
be less costly to "do it right the first time," than to make even more costly upgrades
to insulation, windows, walls or roofing material later.
The sections below will help you learn how to make your facility more energy efficient through improvements to
your building shell. For additional information that may be applicable to your facility please visit the ENERGY
STAR Home Sealing Web page.
Insulation
> Roofing
> Walls
> Windows
> Slabs and Foundations
> Tightening An Existing Building
» Passive Solar Design and Orientation
Project Suggestion
To determine the correct amount of
insulation for your project consult the
following:
•
•
•
Local energy codes and officials
State energy offices
Model energy codes such as the
International Energy Conservation Code
and those published by ASHRAE.
Insulation
Insulation is a critical component of every facility, helping to keep you cool in the summer and warm in the
winter. Always insulate your new facility to model building codes, which are discussed in the "New Building
Design" section of this Guide. For retrofits, use these codes as guidelines to ensure that you get the amount of
insulation that will save you energy and be cost effective.
(EXIT>)
DOE's Insulation Fact Sheet
Flex Your Power's Commercial Product Guide - Insulation
National Insulation Association
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Roofing
Energy-savings opportunities can be achieved by carefully choosing roofing materials and by purchasing
ENERGY STAR qualified roof products when possible. Some areas that should be considered when upgrading
your roof include:
> Insulation: When specifying or replacing a roof, insulation can be placed under the roof.
> Radiant Barriers: In addition to traditional insulation, radiant barriers save energy both in the summer and
winter by re-directing radiant energy in the facility.
> Cool Roofing: These systems lower heat gain for facilities by reflecting the sun's radiant energy, saving
energy on air-conditioning. Consult your roofing and HVAC professionals to learn if cool roofing is an option
for your congregational facility.
To learn more about energy-efficiency opportunities for roofing visit:
ENERGY STAR'S Qualified Roof Products
(EXIT>)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Cool Roofing Materials Database
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Walls
Exterior walls (and those connected to unconditioned spaces) should be insulated. When exterior walls are
being constructed or are bare during a renovation, consider a quality building wrap. These materials have a low
cost per square foot of material and can help drastically reduce air and moisture infiltration into the conditioned
space.
To learn more about building wraps visit DOE EERE's Consumer's Guide Combination Air Barriers/Vapor
Diffusion Retarders Web page. (EXIT>)
Windows
A single-paned window has an R-value (measure of the
ability to prevent heat flow) of 1, making it little more
than a hole in the wall. Fortunately, in recent years,
double-paned windows, along with other energy-
efficient features, have become more standard. Older
facilities can likely benefit from improvements to
windows. Improvements you should consider when
upgrading your windows and frames include:
t Purchase ENERGY STAR qualified windows, which
feature a combination of new technologies that save
you energy and money
fc Double or triple-paned glass
> Inert gas (e.g., krypton, argon, or nitrogen) fill
> Low-emissivity, advertised as Low-E, glass/film or
other advanced coatings/films
> Window tinting appropriate for your region and
facility orientation
> Insulated frames, low-conductivity materials
Many vendors are now promoting the advantages of
window films - ranging from simple tints that block
incoming light, to films that provide performance similar to Low-E glass, and advanced coatings that block
specific wavelengths of light.
To learn more about windows visit:
ENERGY STAR'S Qualified Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights
(EXIT>)
DOE EERE's Consumer's Guide Windows Web page
Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' Spectrally-selective Glazings
Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' Low-conductivity Window Frames
Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' Inert Gas Window Fills
Slabs and Foundations
Slabs and foundations are frequently overlooked areas where energy savings can be realized. Just like walls
and roofs, there are insulation opportunities for these areas that will save energy. For new congregational
facilities, you should consider a vapor retarder between the foundation and the slab or earth. Vapor retarders
reduce the amount of moisture, and other potentially harmful vapors, that can pass through slabs and
foundations and add to discomfort and indoor air-quality issues in your facility.
Learn more about vapor barriers by DOE EERE's Consumer's Guide Combination Air Barriers/Vapor Diffusion
Retarders Web page (EXIT>)
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Tightening An Existing Building
There are many low-cost/do-it-yourself actions you can take to help your congregational facility reduce air
leakage and costs. These actions include:
> Filling gaps around doors and window frames with caulk, spray foam, and insulative batting.
> Checking window and door weather stripping. If weather stripping is missing, hard, or cracked, it should be
replaced.
> For exterior doors with a gap underneath, (e.g., if you can see daylight) install door sweeps.
Passive Solar Design and Orientation
The orientation of a facility can affect energy consumption, particularly the energy used for heating and cooling.
For a new congregational facility, consider passive solar design, or the practice of positioning a facility to take
advantage of the sun's natural heating and light energy, and to shade a facility from the sun where desirable.
You can learn more by visiting the Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' Passive Solar Heating Web
page. (EXIT>)
LARGER OPPORTUNITIES: LIGHTING
Lighting is a critical component of every congregational facility. Your
staff must be able to see to perform their duties, and objects and spaces
must be aesthetically pleasing to your congregation.
Depending on the type of facility you operate, lighting can account for a
large portion of your electricity cost. This means that significant cost
savings can be achieved with energy-efficiency improvements, and due to continually improving equipment,
lighting usually provides the highest return-on-investment of major upgrades.
The Formula for Lighting Energy Efficiency
Did You Know?
Upgraded lighting can save money through
reduced energy use, and result in increased
occupant comfort.
Additional Lighting Links and Information
Technology
Effective
Design
Performance
and Energy
Savings
Lighting Technology
Make the decision early in your project to select energy-efficient
lighting technology. The following pages discuss lighting
technologies, their efficiency, and what might be right for your
facility.
> Incandescent Lighting Technology
> Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
> Improved Halogen Systems
> Fluorescent Lighting
> High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting Systems
> Exit Signs
> Fixtures
> Lighting controls
> Daylighting
> Future Lighting System Technologies
Lighting Design
High-quality lighting design includes the coordinated selection of
lighting, fixtures, fixture placement, and room finishes (e.g., high-
reflectivity paint) to result in improved lighting quality. To achieve
the best quality and efficiency from any new lighting system you
install, consult a lighting professional with experience in energy
efficiency.
> Efficient Lighting Technology Selection Design Guide
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Did You Know?
I An incandescent lamp is a better heater than a
light, with nearly 90% of the input energy being
converted and lost in waste heat rather than light.
Incandescent Lighting Technology
Thomas Edison invented the first
commercialized electric lighting technology in
1879, the incandescent lamp. This simple
inefficient technology has dominated lighting
applications ever since. Incandescent lamps come in two
common type varieties:
> Standard Incandescent Lamps: Inefficient lamps used in
many applications throughout a facility.
> Halogen Lamps: Halogen lamps are a more advanced incandescent lamp technology commonly used to
highlight merchandise, objects and architectural features due to their white light and "sparkle". To learn
more about incandescent lamps visit:
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Building Toolbox- Incandescent Lamps (EXIT>)
Where can you find incandescent lamps in your facility?
> Recessed "can" fixtures > Accent lighting and "track" lighting
> Wall sconces > Illuminated exit signs
> Suspended fixtures > Exterior lighting
> Lamps and task lighting
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
CFLs are fluorescent lamps that have been specifically
made in a compact form to replace incandescent lamps
in traditional screw-in fixtures. These energy-efficient
lamps come in a variety of styles and sizes and are
suitable for a variety of applications. ENERGY STAR
qualified CFLs use 75% less energy than a standard
incandescent bulb and last up to 10 times longer.
Replacing a 100-watt incandescent with a 32-watt CFL can save
approximately $30 in energy costs over the life of the bulb.
Did You Know?
Compact fluorescent lamps come in a wide
variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate
most applications, even models that
resemble incandescent lamps.
The long life of CFLs makes them ideal to use in hard-to-reach places due to their reduced
need to be replaced as often. In addition, CFLs are cool to the touch, making them safer than
incandescent and halogen lamps. To learn more about CFLs visit:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs
* (EXIT>)
DOE EERE's Consumer's Guide Compact Fluorescent Lamps
National Lighting Product Information Program's Screwbase Compact Fluorescent Lamp Products Report (PDF)
Improved Halogen Systems
Many incandescent lamps can be replaced with halogen lamps for a gain in efficiency
and service life. Many standard halogens (aside from some specialty applications) can
be replaced with high performance "Infrared" (IR) halogen lamps. These lamps work by
increasing the operating temperature of the halogen lamp, increasing efficiency.
Though more efficient than other incandescent and halogen lamps, these lamps are
still inferior in efficiency to fluorescent and HID lighting systems.
Fluorescent Lighting
Fluorescent lighting is the "standard" technology for
lighting spaces such as offices and classrooms, and
is up to four times more efficient than the
incandescent lamp. However, older, obsolete
Did You Know?
Magnetic ballast fluorescent lighting
systems are vintage technology dating back
to 1939.
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fluorescent lighting systems can result in poor light quality and flicker. Advancements in fluorescent lighting
systems have resulted in the introduction of new systems that provide improved energy efficiency, lighting
quality, and design flexibility.
The primary components of standard fluorescent lighting systems are the ballast, which modifies incoming
voltage and controls electrical current, and the lamp (bulb or tube), the source of artificial light.
Traditional Systems:
> T12 Fluorescent Lamps: One of the most common, but least efficient fluorescent systems. T12 lamps can
be identified by their 1.5-inch diameter.
> Magnetic Ballasts: Magnetic ballasts are common and still used extensively today due to their low initial
cost. However, these ballasts are considerably less efficient than new electronic ballast designs and are
prone to flicker and humming (particularly as they age).
Standard fluorescent lamps are commonly used in a variety of places in a facility. Some common applications
include:
> Suspended and recessed "troffer" fixtures > Accent lighting and "track" lighting
> Recessed "can" fixtures > Illuminated exit signs
> Wall sconces > Exterior and facade
> Suspended fixtures
> Lamps and task lighting
What energy-efficient technologies can replace T12 fluorescent lighting system?
Energy-Efficient Fluorescent Lighting Systems: These systems, using T8 (1" in diameter) and T5 (5/8" in
diameter) lamps, offer improved efficiency, higher intensity, and potentially longer life due to reduced
degradation in light output overtime. T8 and T5 lighting systems are constantly increasing in flexibility and are
now applicable to a variety of task and accent lighting applications, as well as general lighting of larger spaces.
To learn more about T8 and T5 lamps visit:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products
(EXIT>)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Lighting Answers: T8 Fluorescent Lamps Fact Sheet (PDF)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Lighting Answers: T5 Fluorescent Systems
Project Suggestion
You may be able to "de-lamp" or remove
some of the lamps in your system and still
have acceptable light levels, especially in
concert with a T8 retrofit. Consult your
lighting professional to see if this is an
option for your facility.
Energy-Efficient Electronic Ballasts: When specifying a fluorescent
lighting system, always specify electronic ballasts. These ballasts
provide near flicker-free operation while using up to 30% less energy
than magnetic ballasts.
To learn more about electronic ballasts visit:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products
(EXIT>)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Electronic Ballasts Fact Sheet (PDF)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Guide to Specifying High-Frequency Electronic Ballasts (PDF)
High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting Systems
Due to their intensity, HID lighting systems are useful for lighting large areas from high
ceilings, and range from 50 to 2,000 watts each. Older HID installations are often mercury
vapor lamps, an extremely inefficient design. Like fluorescent lamps, HID systems have
ballasts, and systems built before 1978 may contain potentially harmful substances such
as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
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HID lamps are commonly used in the following applications:
> Garages >
> Warehouses >
> Areas with high ceilings
Exterior safety and security lighting
Accent lighting
Project Suggestion
Consult your lighting professional about
specifying more energy efficient T5 lighting
systems instead of HID lighting systems.
What HID technologies are most efficient for my facility?
For high-ceiling and exterior applications, specify metal halide or high-
pressure sodium vapor lamps. In areas you wish to highlight, or accent
particular merchandise or objects, use small metal halide spotlights. To
learn about HID lighting systems:
(EXIT>)
Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' HID Electronic Ballasts & Lamps
National Lighting Product Information Program's Lighting Answers: Mid-Wattage Metal Halide Lamps
National Lighting Product Information System's HID Accent Lighting Systems Report (PDF)
In some cases, you may be able to reduce the wattage of your already installed HID lamps by purchasing and
installing specially designed reduced wattage metal halide lamps. For example, a special 360-watt metal halide
can replace a 400-watt metal halide. Consult your lighting professional for more information.
Exit Signs ^^^^^^^_^^^^^^^_
r™
Exit signs are an excellent, low-cost, low-labor opportunity to increase the
energy efficiency and safety of your facility. Replacing incandescent exit
signs that operate at about 40 watts per sign, or fluorescent exit signs that
operate between 12 and 20 watts per sign, with an ENERGY STAR
qualified exit sign can increase the energy efficiency of your exit signs by 3
to 8 times! Many ENERGY STAR qualified exit signs are based on light-
emitting diode (LED) technology, while others are based on photoluminescent and electroluminescent technology.
You may also be able to retrofit your exit sign with LED technology while retaining the housing. To learn more about
ENERGY STAR qualified and other energy-efficient exit sign technologies please visit:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Exit Signs
ENERGY STAR Congregations' LED Exit Sign Fact Sheet (PDF)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Exit Signs Report (PDF) (EXIT>)
Fixtures
Specifying an energy-efficient lighting technology, such as T8 or T5 fluorescent lamps and
electronic ballasts, is a critical step to improving the energy efficiency of your facility and savinc
money. However, lighting is a system and depends on the quality of the fixture (the apparatus
that contain the lamp), combined with the lamp, ballast and placement (the position of fixtures
in a room, which affects the amount of usable light that is supplied). Fixtures come in a wide
variety of applications. Fixture selection may be guided by:
Did You Know?
ENERGY STAR qualified exit signs use 3 to
8 times less energy than incandescent and
fluorescent illuminated exit signs and reduce
maintenance.
Efficient technology
Ceiling height
Spacing
Amount of glare
Distribution of light
Task plane height
Desired light level
Appearance
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Did You Know?
The most efficient light is the light not used.
Many control technologies are available to
save money and add convenience to your
lighting system.
For the best energy efficiency and light quality consult a lighting
professional or designer when selecting fixtures. To learn more about
lighting fixtures and their impact on efficiency visit ENERGY STAR
Qualified Products' Lighting Web page.
Lighting Controls
Controls are a key part of any lighting system. Specify controls that
maximize the flexibility of your system while eliminating light usage, often automatically. Common controls
include:
> Bi-level Switching: Control of a lighting system in groups of fixtures or lamps, for example bi-level
switching allows you to turn-half of the lights in a room off when full illumination is not required. Bi-level
switching is commonly used in offices, conference rooms, and classrooms.
> Dimmers: Dimming lighting systems allow you to control the amount of light and save energy. Dimmers are
available for fluorescent and incandescent systems. Daylight dimmers are special sensors that automatically
dim room lights based on the amount of free
and natural daylight available. Dimmers are
commonly used in conference rooms,
classrooms, eating areas, and libraries.
> Occupancy Sensors: These sensors detect
the motion of room occupants, turning off lights
Offices (private)
Offices (open spaces)
Rest rooms
Corridors
Storage areas
Meeting rooms
Conference rooms
Warehouses
Note: Figures listed represent maximum energy-savings potential under
optimum circumstances, Figures are based on manufacturer estimates,
Actual savings may vary.
in unoccupied areas and turning them back on
when movement is detected. Occupancy
sensors are commonly used in restrooms,
classrooms, and warehouses.
> Daylight Sensors (Photocells): A common
inefficiency of exterior lighting systems is a
tendency to "dayburn." This is when lights are
on during the day, wasting energy and money.
This problem can be prevented by installing
light-sensitive controls that turn the lights on
and off automatically based on daylight, thus
producing convenient energy savings. Timers
can be used, but do not react to changing
daylight conditions.
To learn more about lighting controls systems visit:
(EXIT>)
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Building Toolbox Lighting Controls
National Lighting Product Information Program's Occupancy Sensors Report (PDF)
National Lighting Product Information Program's Photosensors Report (PDF)
Lighting Controls Association
Energy Design Resources' Design Brief: Lighting Controls Fact Sheet (PDF)
Daylighting
Save money and resources by harvesting the free light of the sun!
Daylight can be harvested by simply not blocking windows, and by
dimming/turning off the lights based on available daylight throughout your
facility. Common daylighting strategies include:
Energy-Savings Potential With
Occupancy Sensors
Application
Energy Savings
25-50%
20-25%
30-75%
30^0%
45-65%
45-65%
45-65%
50-75%
Source: California Energy Commissioiv'U.S. Department of Energy/
Electric Power Research Institute
Controlling window light through blinds.
Sky lights and "sun tubes"
Light shelves
Did You Know?
Research has shown that daylighting not
only saves money but also improves
productivity.
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> Daylight dimming systems
> To learn more about daylighting visit:
(EXIT>)
Daylighting Collaborative
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Building Toolbox Daylighting
Energy Design Resources' Design Guidelines: Daylighting Guidelines
Future Lighting System Technologies
LED Lighting
In the last 20 years, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps have advanced from being indicators on consumer
electronics, to an increasingly versatile and efficient lighting source. LED lighting has the potential to provide
high efficiency, durability, and extremely long life. Currently, LED lighting is largely restricted to specialty uses
such as accent lighting, LCD monitor backlighting, exit signs as well as use in traffic signals, vehicle brake lights,
and strings of colored holiday lights. However, as the technology becomes more accepted in the market, its
uses will expand and costs will become more competitive. A specific kind of LED, the organic light-emitting
diode (OLED) promises to make energy efficient and designable light panels that can be used in a wide variety
of architectural applications. To learn more about LED technology please visit:
(EXIT>)
Lighting Research Center's Solid-State Lighting Web page
LED Center
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Solid-State Lighting Web page
Induction or Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamps
An induction lamp is a fluorescent lamp design that eliminates the most failure prone component of the system,
the electrode, and produces light by exciting the lamp's gas fill with radio frequencies. The result is improved
efficiency over conventional fluorescent designs and extremely long life (upwards of 50,000 hours). Several
induction designs are already on the market, but these lamps are best used for applications where extremely
long lamp life is desired due to maintenance issues. To learn more about induction lamps visit GE's Consumer
& Industrial Lighting web page on Induction Lamps. (EXIT>)
Efficient Lighting Technology Selection Design Guide
Many simple upgrades can be made with good results to existing
systems and standard specifications. Examples of these include:
> Substituting T8 fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts for T12
lamps and magnetic ballasts.
> Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps.
> Installing fluorescent lighting systems in place of incandescent
lighting systems.
> Installing metal halide or high-pressure sodium vapor lamps in place of mercury vapor lamps.
Project Suggestion
When selecting a lighting
consultant/designer consider selecting one
who is certified "LC" by the National Council
on Qualifications for the Lighting
Professions or "CLC" by the American
Lighting Association.
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Offices, conference rooms
classrooms
Not
Applicable
Low-Efficiency
in Application
Medium-Low
Efficiency in
Application
O
Medium
Efficiency in
Application
Medium-High
Efficiency in
Application
O
High
Efficiency
in
Application
Note: This table is for informational purposes only, always consult your lighting professional before specifying a
technology for your facility.
To learn more about lighting design visit:
(EXIT>)
New Buildings Institute Lighting Guide
DesignLights Consortium
International Association of Lighting Designers
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance's Lighting Design Lab
Lithonia Lighting Visual Web page
Additional Lighting Links and Information
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Change A Light, Change The World
ENERGY STAR Buildings Upgrade Manual's Lighting Chapter (PDF)
(EXIT>)
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
New Buildings Institute's Lighting Web page
International Association for Energy-Efficient Lighting
American Lighting Association
Rensselear Polytechnic Institute's Lighting Research Center
DOE's EERE's Consumer's Guide Lighting and Daylighting
Energy Design Resources' Energy Efficient Technologies: Lighting Design
Project Suggestion
For new construction and major retrofits
consider having computer models of your
lighting system developed by a qualified
professional to ensure that the design meets
the criteria for your facility.
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LARGER OPPORTUNITIES: COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT
When you think of commercial food service equipment (CFSE), you probably think of restaurants, however
CFSE is present in a variety of other facilities as well.
Facilities where CFSE may be found include:
> Shelters
> Halls
> Schools
> Congregations
If you or members of your congregation operate a facility that serves food, there may be opportunities for saving
energy and money from efficient CFSE equipment. CFSE is often the source of considerable energy and water
consumption in a facility. ENERGY STAR has developed qualifications that identify some of the most efficient
commercial food service equipment. ENERGY STAR qualified CFSE includes gas and electric deep fryers, hot
food holding cabinets, gas and electric steam cookers, and commercial solid door refrigerators and
freezers.
ENERGY STAR has developed a Commercial Food Service Equipment Incentive Finder. This tool provides
information about rebates for ENERGY STAR qualified CFSE that are available from utilities and other energy-
efficiency program sponsors.
To learn about CFSE and other product energy-efficiency opportunities visit ENERGY STAR Small Business's
Restaurants Web page.
For detailed information on specific commercial food service equipment visit the
following:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Commercial Fryers
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Commercial Steam Cookers
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinets
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Commercial Solid Door Refrigerators &
Freezers
(EXIT>)
Consortium For Energy Efficiency's Commercial Programs: Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers
Consortium For Energy Efficiency's Commercial Programs: Commercial Ice-makers
Food Service Technology Center's Commercial Kitchen Appliance Technology Assessment Web page
Food Service Technology Center's Design Guides
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LARGER OPPORTUNITIES: HEATING, COOLING & VENTILATING
Proper heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (known in the trade as HVAC) are key to maintaining a
comfortable, and healthy environment. Improved heating and cooling performance along with substantial energy
savings can be achieved by implementing energy-efficiency measures.
Whether you wish to improve the efficiency of your existing heating and cooling systems or are considering
upgrading to a new system, the information on this page will help you to make informed decisions!
> Cooling and Heating Load Reduction
> Heating and Cooling Systems
> Control Systems
> Maintenance
Cooling and Heating Load Reduction
One of the first steps you should consider in your congregational facility before upgrading your heating and
cooling system is to reduce your load (i.e. how much heating and cooling you actually use). Reducing your
facility's load allows existing systems to operate less frequently and newer systems to be designed smaller,
thereby lowering operating costs. Common load reduction strategies include:
> "Tightening" your building shell and adding additional insulation (EXIT>) to reduce leakage.
> Installing energy-efficient windows (EXIT>) such as ENERGY STAR qualified windows.
> Upgrading lighting systems, energy-efficient lighting systems emit less heat into conditioned space than
older inefficient technology.
> Reducing solar gain (e.g., cool roofing and window tints) in cooling dominated climates, and in cold climates
taking steps to increase solar gain.
> Selecting efficient office equipment and consumer electronics to reduce heat output.
> Controlling ventilation to improve occupant comfort and save energy.
Once you have addressed these areas, you can then make the most of your heating and cooling equipment
dollars.
Heating and Cooling Systems
Heating and cooling systems are critical to most buildings, but also represent a large
component of many facilities' utility expenses. Cooling systems, in particular, are
typically very energy intensive and are almost always fueled by electricity. Their
operation typically coincides with periods that are subject to peak and time of use
charges.
I
Heating and cooling systems have advanced significantly in design and efficiency. For
example, today's air conditioners use less energy to produce the same amount of
cooling as older air conditioners. Even if your air conditioner is relatively new, you can
still save on your cooling energy costs by replacing it with a more efficient model.
Heating and Cooling System Tips:
> Consider implementing efforts to reduce heating and cooling load
before selecting equipment.
> NEVER OVERSIZE! Avoid over sizing equipment at all costs. Over
sizing equipment increases the capital cost at the time of the
installation and the costs of operation of the equipment. Request that
your HVAC professional conduct an Air Conditioning Contractors of
America's (ACCA) (EXIT>) Manual N Commercial Load Calculation
to ensure proper sizing.
Project Suggestion
For congregational facilities, request an
ACCA Manual N evaluation of your facility's
heating and cooling loads before purchasing
any major heating or cooling system. By
following these guidelines you will receive a
system that is sized appropriately for your
facility.
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> When selecting a new cooling system, have your HVAC professional provide you a quote and specifications
fora standard-efficiency and high-efficiency unit including lifecycle costs. If the lifecycle cost is less on the
high-efficiency unit, purchase it.
> When purchasing Room Air Conditioners, or Light Commercial heating and cooling units select those units
that are ENERGY STAR qualified.
> Consider energy recovery ventilation systems (EXIT>) to reclaim waste energy from the exhaust air stream
and use it to condition the incoming fresh air.
> In humid climates, consult your HVAC professional about supplemental dehumidification. By controlling
humidity at your facility, you can increase occupant comfort and allow for further downsizing of equipment.
> Consider specifying economizers. Often available at a low incremental cost, these units draw in fresh air
from the outside when the temperature outside is lower than the temperature inside.
> Install programmable thermostats and use automated settings to achieve savings.
> At a minimum, specify National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA (EXIT>) premium motors on
HVAC equipment, and consider specifying variable speed drives (VSD) on condenser and evaporator fans.
> In dry climates, consider evaporative coolers. These coolers use the evaporation of water to cool spaces,
eliminating the need for energy intensive compressors.
> For areas such as the sanctuary space, and facilities with warehouses and garages, consider installing
radiant heating (EXIT>). Radiant heating warms objects instead of the air, and requires less fuel. Radiant
heat is also useful for warming exterior areas that require heating, such as patios and waiting areas.
> Many buildings are impacted by what goes on inside the building just as much as (and sometimes even
more than) the weather conditions outside. That is why it is important to properly size equipment and
consider the use of a demand controlled ventilation system (EXIT>) coupled with economizers to meet the
internal loads of the building, e.g., kitchens, etc.
Heating and Cooling System Energy-Efficiency Resources
ENERGY STAR Qualified Products' Heat & Cool Efficiently Web page
EPA's Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Resources
(EXIT>)
DOE EERE's Consumer's Guide Space Heating and Cooling Web page
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Air Conditioning Contractors of America Resources
FEMP's Energy-Efficient Products: How to Buy an Energy-Efficient Commercial Unitary Air Conditioner
Consortium for Energy Efficiency's High-Efficiency Commercial Air Conditioning & Heat Pumps
Flex Your Power's HVAC Systems. Flex Your Power's Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Systems
Control Systems
A great way to improve the efficiency of heating and cooling systems is to incorporate
control strategies that ensure systems are used only when necessary. Common
control strategies include ENERGY STAR qualified programmable thermostats,
multiple zones, and CO2 demand sensors. These strategies can be specified on new
heating and cooling systems and retrofitted to older systems as well.
> ENERGY STAR Qualified Programmable Thermostats: These simple, easy to
install thermostats allow convenient night/weekend setback to save money.
Models range from $50 to $200 depending on the desired features and usually
include manual overrides to ensure comfort for late night workers.
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HVAC Success!
The Holy Trinity Lutheran Church in Berlin, PA
recently replaced their 40 year old, large,
inefficient heating system with three smaller
efficient heating units. This allows them to turn
on only what is needed at the time instead of
firing up a large heating unit to heat small areas
of the church or add just a little heat on those
days when there is a slight chill in the air. They
estimate that this will reduce their heating bill
by as much as 50%.
* Multiple Zones: By dividing your facility up into multiple heating
and cooling zones, your system can deliver more efficient heating
and cooling by eliminating inaccuracies from a central sensor
point. In addition, building occupants in different areas can adjust
the temperature to meet their actual needs. If your facility has
many rooms or floors, multiple zones are recommended.
> Demand or CO2 Sensors: Most heating and cooling systems
draw in ventilation air by assumed occupancy, however modern
technology has sidestepped this by designing systems that
actually can regulate the air quality of your facility by measuring
the amount of CO2 present. The result is more energy-efficient
operation and better air-quality.
Maintenance
Just like your automobile, your facility's heating and cooling systems need maintenance to operate efficiently. To
improve efficiency and help ensure reliability and long life, consider the following tips.
> Engage a qualified HVAC firm in a maintenance contract with seasonal tune-ups. During these tune-ups, a
technician should check combustion efficiency, refrigerant charge, and belt tension as applicable.
» Replace air filters regularly. Accumulated dirt and dust make your fans work harder and reduce airflow.
Clean or replace filters as recommended by your system's manufacturer.
> Clean the evaporator and condenser coils on your heat pump, air-conditioner, or chiller. Dirty coils inhibit
heat transfer; by keeping them clean, you save energy.
> Inspect ducts and piping for leakage or damaged insulation. Leaky ductwork is one of the biggest
contributors to cooling loss in buildings. Apply duct sealer, tape, and insulation as needed.
> Repair old valves and steam traps. These can waste hundreds of dollars and are low cost parts.
To learn more about maintaining your heating and cooling system visit ENERGY STAR'S Heating & Cooling
"Maintenance Checklist" and "Duct Sealing" information and the Air Conditioning Contractors of America's
Preventive Maintenance = Savings (EXIT>) Web page.
LARGER OPPORTUNITIES: OFFICE EQUIPMENT & APPLIANCES
When congregational facility
owners/operators think of energy
consumption, they naturally focus on building
operations (such as lighting and air-
conditioning) and its shell components, but
not necessarily on the energy consuming
office equipment and appliances contained
within.
Did You Know?
The energy consumption of an average
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor is two-
thirds of that for an average Cathode Ray
Tube (CRT) monitor
Office Equipment
Over the years, as the amount of office equipment found in congregational facilities
has increased, the amount of energy consumed, by that equipment, as also
increased. Inefficient office equipment not only draws power, but also emits heat that
can contribute to higher cooling bills. Fortunately, to address this issue there are a
variety of ENERGY STAR qualified products that can help you save energy and
money, money that can be used for other functions important to your congregation. If
you are replacing or purchasing equipment such as computers, monitors, and copiers
always consider ENERGY STAR qualified products.
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Other office equipment savings opportunities include:
> Turning office equipment off at night.
> Checking to see if your computer already has power management software installed. If so, activate it.
> Printing double sided per page; much more energy is used in the manufacturing and distributing of paper
than the actual printing at your office.
Find out more information about ENERGY STAR qualified office equipment.
To download FREE Power Management Software for your non-ENERGY STAR qualified_computer visit
ENERGY STAR'S Power Management Software.
To learn more about office equipment energy efficiency visit:
(EXIT>)
Pacific Energy Center's "Energy-Efficient Office Equipment" Fact Sheet (PDF)
Advanced Buildings Technologies & Practices' Energy Efficient Office Equipment
Appliances
Many congregational facilities have a variety of appliances such as refrigerators and
dishwashers. These appliances, just like the ones in your home, can be purchased in
models that are more energy efficient. ENERGY STAR qualified appliances incorporate
advanced technologies that use 10% to 50% less energy and water than standard models.
In addition, there are many energy-efficiency opportunities to help you reduce the energy
consumption of these appliances.
For refrigerators, water coolers, and freezers maintain an air-gap of at least 3 inches between the back of
the appliance and the wall. Also, try cleaning condenser coils (or the back of the appliance) regularly.
Check door seals for signs of cracking or hardening, if you can easily pull a dollar bill out from between the
seal and frame on a closed door replace the seal.
Use dishwashers only when full to conserve energy, water, and detergent.
Use timers to ensure that coffee maker heating elements are not operating in off hours.
To learn more about appliance energy efficiency visit:
ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances
(EXIT>)
Consortium for Energy Efficiency
Federal Trade Commission's How to Buy an Energy-Efficient Home Appliance Fact Sheet
California Energy Commission's Database of Energy Efficient Appliances
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SANCTUARY/WORSHIP SPACE
For spiritual and personal reasons, the sanctuary space is very important to congregational members. With this
in mind, a sanctuary space is
typically designed to provide a
tranquil environment for worshipers
and their families. And, an important
part of creating this environment of
"comfort and aesthetics" is through
the optimal use of energy.
Congregational buildings have
unique needs because their energy-
use patterns are often very different
from other buildings. Residential
and/or commercial buildings require
relatively constant energy but
congregation energy use tends to
peak on weekends and lessen during the rest of the week with occasional spikes for special meetings and other
functions. A large portion of a congregation's energy costs goes toward keeping the facility comfortable during
the days when the facility is being used. This includes lighting, heating/cooling rooms and controlling humidity
levels. Most congregations use the entirety of their facilities only a few days a week, so a congregation that
understands this nuance will be better equipped to design or upgrade their facility to reach optimal energy
efficiency.
SANCTUARY SPACE - A CLOSER LOOK AT OPPORTUNITIES
Simple Strategies
i> Consider installing carpets and cushions (on pews) to provide comfort and warmth on those cold, wintry
days.
> Schedule special events (such as choir practice, arranging flowers/decorations) and cleaning duties on the
days just prior and after major services, so that the building is warmed/cooled on consecutive days.
> Take advantage of natural light. Windows, Sun Tubes and/or skylights will allow sunlight to fill the
sanctuary/worship space with natural light and reduce the need for artificial lighting.
> Many facilities have a direct entrance to the sanctuary/worship space from outside. Properly sealed doors
can prevent heat loss. If, due to aesthetics or history, it is not practical to install modern, energy-efficient
doors, use weatherstripping to seal the doors against drafts and energy loss. Weatherstripping and caulking
are two effective techniques that seal up areas in your building where air may be leaking.
• Weatherstripping is done around movable structures such as windows and doors.
• Caulking is done in stable, non-moving areas such as cracks in the wall, around electrical openings,
where the floor meets the wall, etc.
> Many sanctuary/worship spaces have high ceilings, which can make creating a
more comfortable environment more difficult. In the winter, the warm air from your
heating system will rise. This causes your system to work harder to keep the lower
areas at a comfortable temperature. Proper air circulation can reduce energy use
by drawing the warmer air from the ceiling and pushing it back to the floor. Ceiling
fans can be a good way to accomplish this goal. Ceiling fans can actually help with
both cooling and heating. By keeping the air circulating, they can help prevent hot
and cold spots as well as keeping the air fresh.
» Installing controls for heating and cooling is a key to reducing energy waste. Replacing existing thermostats
with programmable thermostats will allow for a more comfortable environment and reduce energy use. New
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network thermostats allow for even better "zone" control and energy savings. See the Heating, Cooling &
Ventilating section of this Guide for more information.
• Concerns about night set back and its effect on the pipe organ? The Associated Pipe Organ
Builders of America say that temperatures as low as 45 degrees F will not cause damage to the organ.
So normal setback ranges ~ 55F to 60F should not be an issue.
Larger Opportunities
Think about demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) -congregations
have constant swings in occupancy and can save energy by
decreasing the amount of outdoor ventilation supplied by the
HVAC system during low-occupancy hours. A DCV system senses
the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the return air stream and
provides ventilation accordingly.
For new facilities, consider taking advantage of advancements in
stain glass window technology. Today low-E insulated glass and
thermally improved frames are available for many stained glass
applications.
• For existing windows, consider installing clear glass/plastic storm windows outside the stained glass to
add an extra layer of protection against energy loss. However, without proper ventilation, this
technique may cause damage by trapping moisture and damaging the lead. Talk with a window
professional to see if this is a concern at your congregation.
Did You Know?
Energy savings can be optimized (especially
cost effective in new facilities) when
congregations utilize energy management
systems that control when and where
lighting, heating/cooling and fresh air go to
various parts of the facility.
Sanctuary Lighting
Lighting plays a critical role in defining the look and feel associated
with the tranquil environments of a sanctuary. Lighting is not only
necessary for viewing and reading but it also provides architectural
accents and a feeling of warmth throughout the space. Traditionally
these lighting needs were met with incandescent lamps because of
their low first cost, warm color and dimming capabilities. Today, new
energy-efficient CFL's provide similar quality to incandescents (offering
warmer colors with dimming technology) at affordable prices. Consider
CFL's for your recessed cans, pendant fixtures, and accent and spot
lighting applications. We recommend consulting a lighting professional
to ensure that your lighting system meets both the energy-efficient and
Project Suggestion
There may be unique ways to adapt energy-
efficient technologies for use in your
congregational facility. For instance, a
synagogue in Bethesda, Maryland converted
the Eternal Light (Ner Tamidj to solar power
and connected it directly to a photovoltaic
cell on the roof.
aesthetic needs of your congregation.
> Lighting Controls -With effective controls, lighting can be used more efficiently. Many sanctuary spaces have
limited options in the use of their lighting system. Better controls will allow more flexibility, create a more
comfortable environment for your members, and reduce energy waste by allowing the use of ONLY those
lights that are needed. Consider the following control techniques:
• Bi-Level switching
• Daylight Dimmers/Photo cells
• Occupancy sensors
See the "Lighting" section of this Guide for more information.
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CALCULATE SAVINGS
Assess Your Savings Potential
You can't see energy, so it can be difficult to visualize the potential savings lying undiscovered in your facility.
However, you can see and easily understand those utility bills you receive each month. Visualize your energy
bill being lower by 25 to 30 percent, or even more. Visualize your potential energy savings as financial
resources that could go to worthwhile programs instead of to your local utility.
Financial Analysis
It always pays to do your homework before investing in energy-efficient equipment such as ENERGY STAR
qualified products. What products and equipment really work? How much will it cost to install? Where do you
find the money? How quickly will you recover your investment? There are many resources to help you get the
answers that will work for your congregation.
Saving with ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR qualified products are equal to or better than standard products of the same type, however they
use less energy. Since they use less energy, ENERGY STAR qualified products save you money on your utility
bills while helping to protect the environment by causing fewer harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
Indirect Benefits
When you invest in energy efficiency, the benefits go far beyond saving energy and money, and protecting the
environment by helping prevent pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
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CALCULATE: ASSESS YOUR SAVINGS POTENTIAL!
You can't see energy, so it can be difficult to visualize the potential savings lying undiscovered in your facility.
However, you can see and easily understand those utility bills you receive each month. Visualize your energy
bill being lower by 25 to 30 percent, or even more. Visualize your potential energy savings as financial
resources that could go to worthwhile programs instead of to your local utility.
Clearly managing energy use makes good financial sense as well as helping the environment, but remember,
"you can't manage what you can't measure." Your facility's energy use for lighting, heating, cooling, office
equipment and other systems can be easily identified, measured and analyzed. The result is a new and
interesting look at your facility - where simple identification and measurement techniques provide the first steps
toward eliminating waste and saving money. You can begin the process today by pulling out your utility bill file
and looking at what you are paying each month and each year for energy with the knowledge that you can
reduce energy waste and reclaim much of the money
you are paying out for energy.
ENERGY STAR'S Portfolio Manager provides a
platform to track energy and water use trends as
compared with the costs of these resources. It helps
you streamline your portfolio's energy and water
data, and track key consumption, performance, and
cost information portfolio-wide.
Other resources to identify how your energy use
compares to that of similar type facilities.
ENERGY STAR'S Energy-Intensive Calculator
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratories' ARCH: A Building Energy
Reference Tool (EXIT>)
DOE's Building Technologies Program's Building Energy Software
Tools Directory (EXIT>)
Assess your facility and discover energy-efficient upgrade
opportunities.
DOE's Energy-Efficiency Products: Energy Cost Calculators
(EXIT>)
Alliant Energy's Energy Efficiency Calculators (EXIT>)
ENERGYguide's Online Analysis Tools (EXIT>)
Midn ighc
Noon
Midnight
Did You Know?
Your peak electricity use usually occurs
during a time of day when rates are at their
highest. If you are charged a "demand rate"
on your electric bill, you pay a fee based on
your peak amount of electricity
consumption. Lowering your peak rate of
usage can save big!
vvEPA
December 2007
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ENERGY STAR® Putting Energy Into Stewardship: Congregations Guide
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CALCULATE: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Turning Energy Into Savings
It always pays to do your homework before investing in energy-efficient
equipment such as ENERGY STAR qualified products. What products
and equipment really work? How much will it cost to install? Where do
you find the money? How quickly will you recover your investment?
There are many resources to help you get the answers that will work for
your congregation.
Analysis - Tools and Resources
ENERGY STAR'S Resources: Finance, Products & Services
NativeEnerqy's Carbon Footprint Calculator
Did You Know?
Bill comparison provides you with a
technique to quantify your savings after
implementation of energy-efficient
measures.
Incentives, Rebates and Other Resources
(EXIT>)
National Association of State Energy Officials' "State and Territory Energy Offices" Web page
Alliance to Save Energy's Financing Energy Efficiency
Local Government Commission's Funding Opportunities
DSIRE Database for State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency
Another consideration in funding energy-efficiency upgrades is the price of the equipment. Why pay more than
you must for efficient products and equipment? Perhaps your congregational organization or association would
sponsor a group purchase in which you and other facilities pool your buying power for volume discounts. Read
more about this strategy to stretch your investment capital in ENERGY STAR'S Group Purchasing Fact Sheet
(PDF)
The two most common financial evaluation tools are
simple payback and internal rate of return (IRR).
> Simple Payback: The number of years it takes to
recover the cost of the upgrade from the savings.
> Internal Rate of Return: Compares the financial
results of an upgrade against other investments.
Learn more about financial indicators in ENERGY
STAR'S Buildings Upgrade Manual's Financing Section.
(PDF)
w__jf
Cooling Lighting Heating
Old Cost
Estimated New Cost
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CALCULATE: SAVING WITH ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR qualified products are equal to or better than standard products of the same type, but the good
news is they use less energy! And since they use less energy, ENERGY STAR qualified products save you
money on your utility bills while helping to protect the environment by causing fewer harmful greenhouse gas
emissions. The following link provides access to calculators of various types of ENERGY STAR qualified
products. These calculators estimate the annual dollar and energy savings you can expect by installing an
ENERGY STAR qualified version.
ENERGY STAR Savings Calculators
CALCULATE: INDIRECT BENEFITS
Saving More Than You Know
When you invest in energy efficiency, the benefits go far
beyond saving energy and money, and protecting the
environment by helping prevent pollution and greenhouse
gas emissions.
r Potential to Improve Productivity: Enhanced
comfort and improved lighting conditions may
contribute to improvements in productivity.
> Reduced Operations and Maintenance Costs:
Many energy-efficient technologies significantly
decrease your operations and maintenance
requirements, saving not only money but also time.
¥ Increased Appearance and Comfort: Building
upgrades can help improve your facility's look,
increase its comfort, and help staff, members and
visitors enjoy their time spent there.
Make a Good Building Even Better!
Hi0h -,
Low •
I
Energy Performance Rating
I I
fofflfiJ IDC
Enhanced Public Image: Your contribution to environmental protection very positively differentiates your
congregation from others.
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION
Green Power & Renewable Energy
After addressing energy-efficiency opportunities available in your facility, you may also want to consider
renewable energy and green power. Renewable energy refers to electricity supplied from energy sources, such
as wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, and biomass. These energy sources are considered renewable sources
because they are continuously replenished.
Air Pollution
Employing energy-efficient technology such as ENERGY STAR qualified products can help reduce emissions
(air pollution) from power plants that produce energy. Carbon dioxide emission is a primary cause of global
climate change, sulfur dioxide is a key component of acid rain, and nitrogen oxide is responsible for smog.
New Building Design
The intent of energy-efficient design for new construction and/or remodeling is to utilize efficient equipment while
optimizing the use of natural energy sources. The ultimate goal is to provide increased comfort with reductions
in energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution.
Paper
You may not think of your congregational facility's paper use as an area to save energy, but it is. Paper
manufacturers in the U.S. consume a significant amount of energy each year in the production of paper - not to
mention the energy spent harvesting and shipping trees, and shipping paper products to your facility. There are
some simple steps you can follow to optimize your use of this valuable resource that will save money, reduce
waste, protect our nation's forests and reduce energy consumption!
Recycling
It does not matter what type of facility you have or run - there is some amount of material you use that can be
recycled. From aluminum cans, and glass and plastic bottles, to paper and printer toner cartridges, recycling
reduces the amount of waste materials that are put in landfills or incinerated while decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions and deforestation. That's good for everybody! Ask your building management or waste handler about
recycling opportunities.
Water
You may wonder what water use and saving energy have to do with each other? In most cases, electricity or
gas is used to heat water, and this costs you money. In addition, your water company uses energy to purify and
pump water to your facility as well as in the treatment of your sewage. So part of your water and sewage bill is
really an energy bill. The more water your facility consumes, the more you will benefit from optimizing water use.
Mega-Churches
A movement that began in the 1950s and has grown more widespread over the years is the mega-church.
Mega-churches are large churches that have 2,000 or more worshippers for a typical service. These churches
have large structures and parking lots that are able to accommodate the huge numbers of worshipers they
attract. Many mega-church facilities are more akin to a theater or arena, with high-tech lighting, sound and video
systems. In addition to a sanctuary/worship space, mega-church facilities can contain other space types such as
retail, restaurant or office.
Learn More
Additional resources are available to find out more information on energy technologies.
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GREEN POWER
After addressing energy-efficiency opportunities available in your facility, you
may also want to consider renewable energy and green power. Renewable
energy refers to electricity supplied from energy sources, such as wind, solar,
geothermal, hydro, and biomass. These energy sources are considered
renewable sources because they are continuously replenished.
Electricity that is generated from renewable energy sources is often referred to
as "green power." Green power products can include electricity generated
exclusively from renewable resources or, more frequently, electricity produced from a combination of fossil and
renewable resources.
If you are interested in installing renewable energy equipment in your facility, incentives may be available in your
state to "buy down" the cost. To learn more about incentives visit the "Finding Funds" section of this guide.
Of course, not every facility can install renewable energy technology.
Fortunately you can buy green power for your facility directly from many
utilities at a slightly higher cost than regular electricity. If your utility does not
offer green power options you can still participate by purchasing renewable
energy certificates. Renewable energy certificates (or green tags) document
the purchase of renewable energy.
Check out the following links for additional information on renewable
energy and green power:
EPA's Clean Energy Web site
EPA's Green Power Partnership
(EXIT>)
DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Office
Renewable Energy Policy Project (REPP)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Learning About Renewable Energy
Interstate Renewable Energy Council's Small Wind Energy
DOE's EERE's The Green Power Network
DSIRE Database for State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: AIR POLLUTION
Pollution Prevented Through Energy Savings
Employing energy-efficient technology such as ENERGY STAR qualified products can
help reduce emissions (air pollution') from power plants that produce energy. Carbon
dioxide emission is a primary cause of global climate change, sulfur dioxide is a key
component of acid rain, and nitrogen oxide is responsible for smog.
Making your facility more energy efficient means you will use less energy and save
money, while helping the environment at the same time! Since utilities will not need to
generate as much electricity, they won't burn as
much fossil fuel, which means they are
releasing less pollution into the atmosphere. To
find out more about estimating how much
money you can save by reducing your facility's
energy use, please visit the "Calculate" section
of this guide.
Did You Know?
For each kilowatt-hour (kWhj that you save
through the application of energy-efficient
technologies, you are reducing the emissions
of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and
nitrogen oxides.
Air Pollution links:
EPA's Air Pollution Web Page
(EXIT>)
AIRNow
DOE's Clean Air, Soil, & Water Web Page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Air Pollution & Respiratory Health
Michigan Interfaith Power and Light (MilPD is an example of pollution prevention through energy savings. MilPL
is a coalition of congregations and their partners across the State of Michigan whose mission is to "involve
communities of faith as stewards of God's creation by promoting and implementing energy efficiency, renewable
energy and related sustainable practices". To see a breakdown of the total emissions reductions to date that
MilPL has achieved through energy saving measures visit www.miipl.org.
Source: MilPL Web site
vvEPA
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: NEW BUILDING DESIGN
Design & Construction Projects
The intent of energy-efficient design for new construction and/or remodeling is to utilize efficient equipment while
optimizing the use of natural energy sources. The ultimate goal is to provide increased comfort with reductions
in energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution.
Energy-efficient design and construction does not need to cost any more than standard design - so get started
and realize significant energy and cost savings for your facility. Let ENERGY STAR'S Building Design Guidance
help you manage the design and construction process right from the start!
Get energy code advice from DOE's Building Energy Codes Program. (EXIT>)
Energy-Efficiency Design and Construction Resources
(EXIT>)
Energy Design Resources
Whole Building Design Guide's Building Types
DOE's Design, Construct & Renovate
ENVIRON Design Collaborative's Solar & Energy Efficient Design
Sustainable and Green Building Guidance
Building Green
(EXIT>)
Building Green's Making the Case for Green Building
California Integrated Waste Management Board's
Green Building Design and Construction
Sustainable Buildings Industry Council
U.S. Green Building Council
California Interfaith Power and Light
The Regeneration Project
GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: PAPER
You may not think of your congregational facility's paper use as an area to save
energy, but it is. Paper manufacturers in the U.S. consume a significant amount of
energy each year in the production of paper - not to mention the energy spent
harvesting and shipping trees, and shipping paper products to yourfacilty. There are
some simple steps you can follow to optimize your use of this valuable resource that
will save money, reduce waste, protect our nation's forests and reduce energy
consumption!
> Use double-sided printing and copying.
> Distribute documents electronically instead of in hard copy when feasible.
> Select paper products with a high-recycled content.
> Recycle as much of the paper products you use as possible.
Check out the following links for additional information:
EPA's WasteWise
Paper Industry Association Council paperrecycles.org's Recycling: It Starts With You
(EXIT>)
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December 2007
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Environmental Protection
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ENERGY STAR® Putting Energy Into Stewardship: Congregations Guide
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: RECYCLING
It does not matter what type of facility you have or run - there is some amount of material you
use that can be recycled. From aluminum cans, and glass and plastic bottles, to paper and
printer toner cartridges, recycling reduces the amount of waste materials that are put in landfills
or incinerated while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and
deforestation. That's good for everybody! Ask your building
management or waste handler about recycling opportunities.
Check out the following links for additional information:
EPA's "Recycling" Web page
EPA's "Recycling/Pollution Prevention" Web page
EPA's "WasteWise" Web site
Technology Specific Recycling
During your upgrade projects, and normal maintenance, you will likely have to deal with lighting and electronic
waste. The disposal of some of this waste may be regulated, since both electronic and lighting waste may
contain potentially harmful substances, and these products may need to be separated from your other garbage.
The best way to dispose of this waste is to recycle it.
To learn more about the recycling and disposal of lighting and electronic waste visit:
EPA's Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Disposal Requirements for Fluorescent Light Ballasts Fact Sheet
(PDF) (EXIT>)
EPA's Electronics: A New Opportunity for Waste Prevention, Reuse, and Recycling Fact Sheet (PDF)
National Park Service's Envirofacts: Lighting Waste Management Fact Sheet (PDF) (EXIT>)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association's Lamp Recycle.org Web site (EXIT>)
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Did You Know?
Repairing a seal that is leaking water can
save money and hundreds of gallons of
water per year - and if it's a hot water
leak, you can save even more money!
GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: WATER
You may wonder what water
use and saving energy have to
do with each other? In most
cases, electricity or gas is used
to heat water, and this costs you
money. In addition, your water
company uses energy to purify
and pump water to your facility
as well as in the treatment of your sewage. So part of your water and
sewage bill is really an energy bill. The more water your facility
consumes, the more you will benefit from optimizing water use. Some
ways to save related to the water you use are:
> Repair leaking pipes, fixtures and seals.
5- Install water-efficient appliances where applicable.
> Install efficient showerheads (EXIT>) and faucets. (EXIT>)
> Install controls that turn faucets off automatically.
> Put in high-efficiency toilets and urinals. (EXIT>)
> Depending on the function of your facility, use horizontal axis washing machines.
> Practice green landscaping (greenscaping orxeriscaping) to preserve natural resources and prevent waste
and pollution. If local code allows, consider diverting "gray water" (PDF) for irrigation rather than using fresh
water.
> Install an insulation blanket on water heaters seven years of age or older, and insulate the first 3 feet of the
heated water "out" pipe from your water heater.
> Install an energy-efficient electric (EXIT>) or gas (EXIT>) water heater.
> In areas of infrequent water use, consider "tankless" water heaters to reduce "standby" storage costs and
waste.
Check out the following links for additional information:
EPA's "WaterSense: Efficiency Made Easy" Web page
"Water Wiser- The Water Efficiency Clearinghouse" Web site
"Water Efficiency Manual for Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Facilities" (PDF)
Colorado Springs Utilities' "Xeriscape" Web page
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: MEGA-CHURCHES
A movement that began in the 1950s and has grown more
widespread over the years is the mega-church. Mega-
churches are large churches that have 2,000 or more
worshippers for a typical service. These churches have
large structures and parking lots that are able to
accommodate the huge numbers of worshipers they
attract. Many mega-church facilities are more akin to a
theater or arena, with high-tech lighting, sound and video
systems. In addition to a sanctuary/worship space, mega-
church facilities can contain other space types such as
retail, restaurant or office.
Because of their size and/or use of multiple facilities,
mega-churches offer unique challenges with regards to
energy efficiency when compared to a regular
congregational facility. It is still important to use energy-
efficient products and equipment whenever possible. However, the proper controlling of those energy-efficient
products and equipment is going to be crucial in saving energy.
The two systems that are most important to focus on with regards to controlling are the lie
and HVAC
systems. These systems account for a large portion of the energy used in a facility and can be a prime area for
energy-efficiency upgrades.
Lighting
There are lighting controls beyond the basic light switch that give you
better flexibility in lighting usage and can save energy. Examples of these
controls are occupancy sensors, dimmers, and daylight sensors.
Zones: lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit
areas, in order to avoid lighting a large area if only a small part of it needs
light.
Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone to a preset
schedule for light use.
Fixtures
Lamps
Controls
Glazing
Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: in areas that are occupied
intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether or not anybody is present and switch the light
on or off accordingly.
Light level monitoring: this consists of switching or dimming artificial lighting to maintain a light level measured
by a photocell
Bi-level switching: a strategy that allows for better control of individual rooms/spaces. For example, specified
areas are provided with two wall switches near the doorway to control the lights. In a
typical installation, one switch would control 1/3 of the fluorescent lamps in the ceiling
lighting system, while the other switch would control the remaining 2/3 of the lamps. This
allows four possible light levels: OFF, 1/3, 2/3 and FULL lighting.
More information is available on these controls under "Lighting Controls" in the "Lighting"
section of this Guide.
K
HVAC
To improve the efficiency of the heating and cooling systems in your congregational facility there are control
strategies that you can incorporate that will run these systems only when necessary. Common control strategies
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ENERGYSTAR
include ENERGY STAR qualified programmable thermostats, multiple zones, and CO2 demand sensors for
ventilation control. More information is available on these control strategies under "Control Systems" in the
"HVAC" section of this Guide.
Energy Management Systems (EMS)
Computerized management of lights, heating, cooling, and other
systems can be worthwhile for larger facilities like mega-churches.
Energy management systems are computer-based tools that allow you
to monitor, track, analyze, control, and optimize the performance of
systems in one facility or for multiple locations and help reduce your
energy consumption. This can even be done remotely from a computer
that is not onsite. By combining EMS with the proper energy-efficient
equipment, your facility can be on the road to saving energy, reducing
pollution, and saving financial resources.
Project Suggestion
Congregational facilities might consider
installing network thermostat systems, not
only because of their simplicity and power,
but also because they are affordable and
allow for the system to expand as budget,
time and the size of the facilities grow. With
these systems you can control and monitor a
single thermostat, or an entire building or
multiple-building site using a personal
computer.
Simple identification and measurement techniques can be the first step
toward eliminating waste and saving money. For example, you may
discover that your peak electricity use occurs during a time of year
when rates are at their highest. Using energy mapping tools can help
identify issues like these and allow you to take action toward savings.
Utility Bills too High?
Mega-churches are large enough that they may be susceptible to high demand charges from their electric
utilities. In order to minimize this cost consider Demand Response Controls.
Digital demand controllers (DDCs) are small, relatively inexpensive energy-management devices that can
simultaneously control the operation of a large number of equipment items, preventing all or most of them from
operating simultaneously. The objective is to avoid the creation of power-demand "spikes" (i.e., short periods
when power demand is unusually high), which often leads to high monthly demand charges.
The operation of some electrical loads in a facility (such as internal lighting) cannot be interrupted without
causing a disruption. But many others - typically those that have some thermal-energy storage associated with
them, such as water heating, air-conditioning, electric space-heating units, or refrigeration equipment - can be
interrupted for periods of 10 to 30 minutes without occupants being aware of the interruption. These are the
loads selected for peak-demand-limiting controls via a DDC.
DDC units can also be used to reduce electrical demand during periods when the utility grid is challenged and in
danger of overloading, or when electricity prices are unusually high. Many utilities offer financial incentives to
customers who install DDC units or other equipment that enable the utility to reduce the customer's load at
these times.
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GREEN YOUR CONGREGATION: LEARN MORE!
For more information on energy technologies contact:
> Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA): www.acca.org
> American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC): www.acec.org
> American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE): www.ashrae.org
> American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): www.asme.org
> American Solar Energy Society (ASES): www.ases.org
> Association of Energy Engineers (AEE): www.aeecenter.org
> Association of Energy Service Professionals (AESP): www.aesp.org
> Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST):
www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/el/research/crest/links.html
> Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life: www.coejl.org
> DOE's EERE's A Consumer's Guide to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/
> Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI): www.epri.com
> Episcopal Power and Light: www.theregenerationproiect.org
> Evangelical Environmental Network: creationcare.org
> Forum on Religion and Ecology (FORE): environment.harvard.edu/religion/information/index.html
> Interfaith Coalition on Energy (ICE): www.interfaithenergy.com
> International Dark-Sky Association (IDA): www.darksky.org
> Islam and Ecology: www.crosscurrents.org/islamecology.htm
> Lighting Research Center: www.lrc.rpi.edu
> National Association of Energy Services Companies (NAESCO): www.naesco.org
> National Council of Churches: www.ncccusa.org
> National Religious Partnership for the Environment: www.nrpe.org
> National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE): www.nspe.org
> United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB): www.nccbuscc.org
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December 2007
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Environmental Protection
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