CO U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT CO2 Equivalents) Change from 1990 to 2009 CO B^^^^ffl Ki-i-' J C0; j 5,099.7! 5,055.0 ^njUf^i 5,158.2 Fossil Fuel Combustion I 4,738.4! 4,698.2! 4,799.1 ^nniK^i 5,270.8 4,909.8 Non-Energy Use of Fuels 118.6] 124.4] 123.5] 124.7 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical nn J nn ,, n. n 07 . Coke Production 87'1 KFnFI 5,354.3 4,977.4 133.5 89.7 . 5,422.8 5,602.5 5,031.5 139.2 93.3 5,215.9 136.8 91.3 1997 5,681 1 1998 5,713.9 1999 2000 ! 2001 2002 2003 5,796.6] 5,975.0] 5,873.3] 5,912.6] 5,966.0 5,284.0 5,316.2! 5,391.1 5,594.8! 5,521.9] 5,557.6] 5,621.1 2004 6,076.7 2005 6,113.8 5,708.0 5,753.2 144.3] 158.7] 167.9] 144.9] 133.9] 136.0] 131.4] 151.3 92.7 86.5| 84.3] 85.9] 75.6] 71 .9J 69.5 68.0 143.4 65.9 2006 2007 6,021.1 6,120.0 5,653.1 145.6 68.8 5,756.7 137.2 71.0 Natural Gas Systems 37.6! 37.8 37.5J 40.9] 41 .0] 42.5] 40.0J 39.6] 29.6] 30.7] 29.9] 29.4! 30.2 29.0J 28.7] 29.9] 30.8! 31.1 Cement Production | 33.3] 32.5! 32.8 34.6 36.1 2008 5,921.4 2009 1 Absolute Percent 5,565.9] 5,209.0 470.6] 10% 141.0 66.0 123.4 4.7] 4% 41.9 (57.7)| (58)% 32.8J 32.2 (5.4)! (14)% 36.2 36.4 37.6 38.5 39.3! 40.4! 40.6! 42.2! 42.3 44.8 45.2 45.8 44.5 40.5 29.0 (4.3)! (13)% Incineration of Waste 8.0J 8.0 9.5! 9.8! 10.9! 11.3! 11.9! 11.91 10.8! 11. Oj 11.1J 11.4! 11.8 Ammonia Production and Urea Consumption 16.8! 16.8! 17.5 17.8 18.4 Lime Production j 11.5! 11.4 11.8 Cropland Remaining Cropland 7.1 12.1! 12.4! 12.5! 12.5! 12.7 12.2! 12.3 4.3! 54% 17.8 17.7 18.0 19.0 17.6] 16.4] 13.3] 14.2] 12.4 13.2 12.8 12.3 14.0 11.9 11.8 (5.0)! (30)% 12.1! 12.6! 13.3! 14.1! 14.3! 14.6! 14.3! 14.1! 13.6! 13.1 13.8 7.3! 6.9 6.4 6.8 14.5! 14.4! 15.1! 14.6 14.3! 11.2 (0.3)| (3)% 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.7 7.5! 7.5! 7.8! 8.5! 8.3 7.6 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.7 7.8 0.7! 11% Limestone and Dolomite Use 5.1 j 4.5 4.6! 4.3! 4.8! 6.7! 7.2! 6.7! 6.9! 7.6! 5.1 ! 4.8! 5.6 4.1 ! 5.9! 6.8! 8.0! 7.7 Soda Ash Production and Consumption 4.1 4.0] 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.2] 4.2] 4.1 4.1 4.1 6.3! 7.6 2.5! 49% 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 Aluminum Production 6.8! 6.9 6.8] 6.2] 5.5] 5.7! 6.0J 6.0J 6.2J 6.3J 6.1] 4.4! 4.5 4.5J 4.2J 4.1J 3.8! 4.3 Petrochemical Production 3.3! 3.4! 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6] 4.5] 4.2] 4.3] 4.1 4.3 0.1! 3% 4.5 3.0 (3.8)! (56)% 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.7 (0.6)! (17)% Carbon Dioxide Consumption 1.4! 1.4 1.4J 1.4J 1.4! 1.4! 1.4! 1.4! 1.4! 1.4! 1.4! 0.8! 1.0 1.3! 1.2] 1.3! 1.7! 1.9 Titanium Dioxide Production 1.2! 1.2! 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7! 1.8! 1.7! 1.8 11 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 Ferroalloy Production 2.2! 1.9 2.0J 1.9! 2.0! 2.0! 2.1! 2.2! 2.2! 2.2! 1.9! 1.5! 1.3 1.3! 1.4] 1.4! 1.5! 1.6 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands 1.0! 1.0! 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2! 1.2! 1.1 1.0! 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.3! 24% 1.5 0.3! 29% 1.6! 1.5 (0.7)| (32)% 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1 1 5% Phosphoric Acid Production 1.5! 1.4 1.5J 1.3J 1.5! 1.5! 1.6! 1.5! 1.6! 1.5! 1.4! 1.3! 1.3 1.4! 1.4] 1.4! 1.2! 1.2 Zinc Production 0.7! 0.9! 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9! 1.0! 0.8! 0.8! 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2! 1.0 (0.5)| (32)% 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.3! 45% Lead Production 0.5! 0.5 0.5! 0.5! 0.5! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6 0.6! 0.5! 0.6! 0.6! 0.6 Petroleum Systems 0.6! 0.5! 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6! 0.5 +! 2% 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5] 0.5] 0.5] 0.5] 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 (0.1)1 (17)% Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption 0.4! 0.3 0.3] 0.3] 0.3! 0.3! 0.3! 0.3] 0.4] 0.3! 0.2! 0.2! 0.2 0.2] 0.2! 0.2! 0.2! 0.2 Land Use, Land-Use Change, and /RK1 ,,, ,/,91 m Forestry (Sink)' <86t5)\ <833'1) <82tl]) Wood Biomass and Ethanol Consumption' 279.4] 220.2 International Bunker Fuels' n/.g CH, ] 674.9 120.7 676.4 230.6 113.3 680.8 Natural Gas Systems 189.8] 191.5 191.9 Enteric Fermentation ] 132.1 (772.0) 225.8 102.2 671.6 194.8 (873.2) 232.3 104.7 685.4 197.7 (812.6) 236.9 99.8 678.0 198.4 (711.1) 241.3 107.5 684.3 202.2 (741.4) 235.6 110.2 662.6 201.7 (617.7) 218.2 119.5 656.7 (534.1) (576.6)\ (661. 7)\ (864.8) 227.5] 227.4\ 203.3\ 204.6 101.8 650.2 98.5] 96.6] 704.2 659.9] 655.9 658.0 (1,005.9) 209.8 99.8 649.7 201.2 195.4 209.3! 215.5! 217.2 214.1 132.3 136.4 138.0 140.3 143.5 142.5 139.7 138.1 138.1 136.5; 135.7; 136.1 (1,052.5) 225.2 114.1 636.7 204.8 (1,056.5) 229.8 109.7 631.4 190.4 (1,064.3) 234.8 128.4 672.1 217.7 (1,060.9) 242.3 127.6 664.6 205.2 0.2! 0.1 (0.2)! (61)% (1,040.5) 253.1 133.7 676.7 211.8 134.3 134.4 136.5 138.8 141.0 140.6 (7,075.7,) (153.5)\ 18% 245.0 25.6\ 72% 723.7 77.3J 70% 686.3 11. 4] 2% 221.2 31.4! 17% 139.8 7.7J 6% Landfills 147.4] 148.4 149.0; 148.4; 146.7 139.4 136.0; 127.0; 119.7; 114.7; 111.7; 108.2; 108.5 113.7; 109.7; 112.5; 111.7 111.3 115.9; 117.5 (29.9); (20)% Coal Mining ; 84.1 81.1 79.0 67.7 68.1 67.1 66.8 66.4 66.8 62.9; 60.4; 60.4; 56.8 56.8 58.1 56.9 58.2 57.9 67.1 71.0 (13.0); (16)% Manure Management | 31.7] 33.2 32.0; 33.5; 35.7 36.8 36.2; 38.0; 41.4; 41.9; 42.4; 44.2; 45.4 42.1; 44.3; 46.6; 46.7 50.7 49.4; 49.5 17.7; 56% Petroleum Systems | 35.4] 35.6 34.7 33.8 33.7 33.4 33.3 33.2 32.9 31.9] 31.5] 31.5] 31.1 30.4 29.9 29.4 29.4 30.0 30.2 30.9 (4.4); (13)% Wastewater Treatment j 23.5] 23.9 24.3J 24.4] 24.7 24.8 24.9] 25.2] 25.2] 25.3J 25.2] 24.7] 24.7 24.5; 24.6; 24.3; 24.5 24.4 24.5; 24.5 1.0; 4% Forest Land Remaining Forest Land 3.2] 2.8 4.2 2.6 7.7 4.3 12.2 2.4 3.2 11.3J 14.3] 8.3] 12.6 8.0 4.6 9.8 21.6 20.0 11.9 7.8 4.6! 144% Rice Cultivation 7.1 7.0 7.9; 7.0! 8.2 7.6 7.0! 7.5! 7.9! 8.3; 7.5i 7.6! 6.8 6.9! 7.6; 6.8; 5.9 6.2 7.2! 7.3 0.2! 3% Stationary Combustion 7.4] 7.6 7.8 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.4 6.7 6.2 6.3] 6.6] 6.2] 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.2 (1.3)! (17)% Abandoned Underground Coal Mines 6.0J 6.2 6.7] 6.9] 8.1 8.2 8.5] 7.6J 6.9] 7.0J 7.4] 6.7] 6.2 6.0J 5.8J 5.5J 5.5 5.6 5.9J 5.5 (0.5)! (9)% Mobile Combustion 4.7] 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5] 3.4] 3.3] 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 (2.7)! (58)% Composting 0.3J 0.4 0.4] 0.5J 0.6 0.7 0.8J 0.9J 1.0J 1.1 1.3; 1.3; 1.3 1.5; 1.6] 1.6; 1.6 1.7 1.7] 1.7 1.3; 421% Petrochemical Production 0.9] 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3] 1.2] 1.1 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical , J nR Coke Production Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.3 Ferroalloy Production + 0.2 + 0.9 0.3 + Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption +| +| + 0.9 0.2 + + 1.0 0.3 + + Incineration of Waste +l +! +! +! + 1.0 0.2 + + + 1.0 0.3 + + + 1.0 0.3 + + + 0.9 0.3 + + + 1.2 1.1 0.9] 0.9] 0.8] 0.8] 0.8 0.3 + + + 0.3: 0.2 0.2 +i +i + +| + +l + + + International Bunker Fuel? I 0.2! 0.2 0.2] 0.7! 07! 07 0.7! 0.7! 0.2 07 07i 0.7! 0.7 N;0 i 315.2 326.5 317.3; 336.9; 336.2; 342.8; 362.9 339.7; 343.4 334.2 341.0; 342.2 331.7 0.2 + + + 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 + + + 0.7 0.2 + + + 1.0 0.7 0.2 + + + 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.2 + + + 0.6 0.3 + + + 0.8 (+); (2)% 0.4 (0.6)| (62)% 0.2 (+)| (8)% + (+)l (40)% + (+)l (67)% + (+)l (23)% 0.7] 0.7! 07! 02 0.2! 0.2! 0.7 (+)\ (14)% 317.6 320.0; 322.9; 326.4; 325.1 Agricultural Soil Management 197.8] 207.7 195.4] 212.0] 203.5 207.6 219.3; 209.7; 217.6 203.2 206.8; 220.4; 208.8 202.4; 211.8 Mobile Combustion ; 43.9; 46.0 49.0 51.1 Manure Management \ 14.5 52.8 54.0 54.7 55.3 55.2 54.1 53.2; 50.3; 46.3 42.8 40.1 310.8! 295.6 (19.6); (6)% 211.3; 208.9 209.4 210.7] 204.6 6.8; 3% 36.9 33.6 30.3 26.1 23.9 (20.0); (46)% 14.7 14.8; 14.5] 15.3; 15.7; 15.6; 15.8] 16.0 16.7 17.1; 17.0; 17.4 16.9; 16.9] 17.3; 18.0; 18.1; 17.9] 17.9 3.4; 23% Nitric Acid Production ; 17.7; 17.7 18.1 18.4 19.4 19.7 20.5 21.0 20.7 19.9 19.4; 15.8; 17.1 Stationary Combustion j 12.8J 12.8 13.0J 13.2; 13.3 13.3 13.9; 14.1; 14.0 14.0 14.6; 14.1 14.0 16.0 15.9 16.5 16.2 19.2 16.4 14.6 (3.1); (18)% 14.s| 14.5] 14.7] 14.4 14.6 14.2] 12.8 (+)| (+)% Forest Land Remaining Forest Land 2.7] 2.3 3.5 2.2 6.4 3.7 10.2 2.2 2.9 9.7 12.1] 7.2] 10.7 7.0 4.1 Wastewater Treatment 3.7] 3.8 3.9] 4.0! 4.0 4.0 4.1 ! 4.1 1 4.2 4.4 N20 from Product Uses 4.4 8.4 18.0 16.7 10.1 6.7 4.1; 152% 4.5! 4.6! 4.5 4.6! 4.7! 4.8; 4.8 4.9 5.0; 5.0 1.3! 36% 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9] 4.9] 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Adipic Acid Production | 15.8] 15.4 13.5] 14.6] 14.2 17.6 17.4] 9.8] 5.4 Composting 0.4; 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Settlements Remaining Settlements 1.0] 1.0 1.1J 1.2] 1.3 1.2 1.1 Incineration of Waste 0.5; 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues Q.1 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands + 0.1 + International Bunker Fuels' I 7.7] 7.7 MFCs, PFCs, and SF6 92.0 84.2 0.1 + 7.7 87.9 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances 0.3] 0.6] 1.7 0.1 + 7.0 87.8 5.5 HCFC-22 Production 36.4] 32.7] 36.4] 33.1 Semiconductor Manufacture 2.9] 2.9 Aluminum Production 18.5 15.6 2.9 14.3 Electrical Transmission and Distribution 28.4; 27.2 27.1 3.6 13.7 0.1 + 7.0 90.4 12.5 31.5 4.0 12.1 26.3 24.7 0.5 0.1 + 0.9 107.2 29.0 33.0 4.9 11.8 22.8 Magnesium Production and Processing 5.4] 5.2 5.5] 5.6] 5.4] 5.6 Total ! 6,181.8 Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks) ! 5,320.3 6,142.1 5,309.1 6,244.2 5,423.2 6,367.2 5,595.1 6,466.4 5,593.2 6,550.7 0.5 0.1 + 7.0 116.8 40.3 31.2 5.5 12.4 20.9 1.1 4.4 (+)! (+)% 4.9 5.5; 4.7; 5.2 5.7; 3.8] 5.0; 4.3 3.7 2.0] 1.9 (13.8)! (88)% 1.2 1.4] 1.4] 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.5; 421% 0.9 0.8 1.1; 1.4; 1.4 1.4; 1.5] 1.5; 1.5 1.6 1.5] 1.5 0.5! 55% 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4] 0.4] 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 + 7.0 123.7 51.4 30.1 5.8 10.8 19.1 0.1 + 7.7 136.1 58.8 0.1 + 0.1] 0.1 +l + 0.1 + 0.1 + 7.o| 09] 0.9] 7.0 0.9 135.2 136.8] 127.2] 136.3 66.6I 74.3] 80.4J 87.1 39.5] 30.4] 28.6] 19.7] 21.1 7.1 8.6 7.2| 6.2] 4.4] 4.3 8.5 8.6] 3.5] 5.2 131.8 92.9 0.1 + 7.7 141.3 99.0 0.1 + 7.0 145.4 104.2 12.3] 17.2] 15.8 4.3 3.8 16.3 16.6 16.0| 16.3J 15.6] 15.1 4.3 2.8 15.1 4.4 3.0 15.1 0.4 0.1 + 7.2 147.4 109.4 13.8 4.7 2.5 14.1 6.6J 6.4| 5.9J 5.9 3.0] 2.9J 2.9J 3.4J 2.9J 2.9i 2.9 6,766.5 5,738.1! 6,055.4 ! 6,807.1 6,065.7 6,850.2 6,232.5 6,916.2 6,382.1 7,112.7] 6,998.6 6,536.1] 6,336.8 7,038.5 6,173.7 7,065.1 6,059.3 7,174.8 6,122.3 7,213.5 6,157.1 7,166.9 0.4 0.1 + 7.2 153.7 112.3 17.0 4.8 3.8 13.2 2.6 7,263.4 6,102.6! 6,202.5 i 0.4 0.4 (0.1); (23)% 0.1 + 7.2 152.2 115.5 0.1 +] 3% + (+)| P)% 7.7 +| 4% 146.1 54.1 1 59% 120.0 119.6] 36,143% 13.6] 5.4 (31.0)| (85)% 5.1 2.7 13.3 5.3 2.4] 83 % 1.6 (17.0)| (91)% 12.8 (15.6)| (55)% 1.9; 1.1 (4.4)1 (81)% 7,061.1 6,020.7 6.633.2 451 .4J 7% 5,618.2l 297.9] 6 % 1990-2009 Total GHG emissions rose 7.3 percent since 1990 Dominant gas emitted was C02, mostly from fossil fuel combustion Methane emissions increased by 1.7 percent Nitrous oxide emissions decreased by 6.2 percent HFC, RFC, and SF6 emissions have grown by 58.8 percent 8 \ is 09 09 O 09 W *1 Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide MFCs, PFCs, & SF £ C3 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% a a% liijjjlaail asaia.i I 'I SS.2 2|£-» . 'w Relative Contribution by Fuel Type Commercial Residential Industri Transportation Electricity U.S. Territories Generation United States Environmental Protection Office Of AtmOSpheriC Programs (6207J) Recycled Paper (Minimur jonsumer) A -i m^.. i :ree April 2011 EPA 430-F-11-007 + Does not exceed 0.05 MMT C02 Eq. aThe net C02 flux total includes both emissions and sequestration, and constitutes a sink in the United States. Sinks are only included in net emissions total. Parentheses indicate negative values or sequestration. b Emissions from Wood Biomass and Ethanol Consumption are not included specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes in biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. c Emissions from International Bunker Fuels are not included in totals. Note: Totals may not sum due to independent rounding. Emissions weighted using GWP values from IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) in keeping with UNFCCC reporting guidelines. ------- Cflg o o CD Conversion Units Global Warming Potentials (100 Year Time Horizon) Gas Carbon dioxide (C02) Methane (CH,)* Nitrous oxide (N20) HFC-23 HFC-125 HFC-134a HFC-143a HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa HFC-4310mee CF< C2F6 C4F1C C6F,< SF6 GWP SARa 1 21 310 11,700 2,800 1,300 3,800 140 2,900 6,300 1,300 6,500 9,200 7,000 7,400 23,900 AR4b 1 25 298 14,800 3,500 1,430 4,470 124 3,220 9,810 1,640 7,390 12,200 8,860 9,300 22,800 1IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) b IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) * The methane GWP includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor. The indirect effect due to the production of C02 is not included. Note: GWP values from the IPCC Second Assessment Report are used in accordance with UNFCCC guidelines. Global Warming Potential (GWP) is defined as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a reference gas. The GWP-weighted emissions of direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (C02), using units of million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMT C02 Eq.). Conversion: 1 million metric tons = 106 metric tons = 109kg The molecular weight of carbon is 12, and the molecular weight of oxygen is 16; therefore, the molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 12 + [16x2]), as compared to 12 for carbon alone. Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is 12/44. Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents: MMTCO.EqW Gfl \x(GWP)x/ MMT \ Energy Conversions The common energy unit used in interna- tional reports of greenhouse gas emissions is the joule. A joule is the energy required to move an object one meter with the force of one Newton. A terajoule (TJ) is one trillion (1012) joules. A British thermal unit (Btu, the customary U.S. energy unit) is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near 39.2 Fahrenheit. TJ = 2.388x10" calories 23.88 metric tons of crude oil equivalent 9.478x108Btu 277,800 kilowatt-hours Energy Units Btu MFJtu MMBtu BBtu TBtu QBtu British thermal unit Thousand Btu Million Btu Billion Btu Trillion Btu Quadrillion Btu 1 Btu 1xl03Btu 1xl06Btu 1xl09Btu 1xl012Btu 1xl015Btu Unit Conversions 1 pound 1 kilogram 1 short ton 1 metric ton 1 cubic foot 1 cubic meter = 1 U.S. gallon 1 liter 1 barrel 1 barrel petroleum = 1 foot 1 meter 1 mile 1 square mile 1 square kilometer = 1 acre 0.454 kilograms 2.205 pounds 0.9072 metric tons 1.1 023 short tons 0.02832 cubic meters 35.31 5 cubic feet 3.78541 liters 0.2642 U.S. gallons 31 .5 U.S. gallons 42 U.S. gallons 0.3048 meters 3.28 feet 1.609 kilometers 2. 590 square kilometers 0.386 square miles 43,560 square feet = 16 ounces = 35. 27 ounces = 2,000 pounds = 1,000 kilograms = 28.31 68 liters = 1,000 liters = 0.031 75 barrels = 0.0084 barrels = 11 9 liters = 159 liters = 12 inches = 39.37 inches = 5,280 feet = 3,280.84 feet = 640 acres = 100 hectares = 0.4047 hectares = 0.02381 barrels petroleum = 0.0063 barrels petroleum = 0.75 barrels petroleum = 4,047 square meters Prefix/Symbo 8 Tera (T) .2 Giga(G) « Mega (M) n- Kilo (k) ~ Hecto (h) 3 Deca (da) .0 t5 Deci (d) S Centi (c) o Mill! (m) oj Micro (jj) !5 Nano (n) a Pico (p) Factor 1012 109 106 103 102 101 10° 10'1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 1,000,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001 .000001 .000000001 .000000000001 J2 03 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allocated to Economic Sectors (MMT CO, Eq.) Implied Sectors Electric Power Industry Transportation Industry Agriculture Commercial Residential U.S. Territories Total Emissions 1990 1,868.9 1,545.21 1,564.41 429.0 395.5 345.1 33.7 6,181.8 2000 2,337.6 1, 932.3 1 1, 544.0 1 485.1 381.4 386.2 46.0 H 7,112.7 2005 2,444.6 2,017.4 1,441.9 493.2 387.2 371.0 58.2 7,213.5 2006 2,388.2 1,994.4 1,497.3 516.7 375.2 335.8 59.3 7,166.9 2007 2,454.0 2,003.8 1,483.0 520.7 389.6 358.9 53.5 7,263.4 2008 2,400.7 1,890.7 1,446.9 503.9 403.5 367.1 48.4 7,061.1 2009 2,193.0 1,812.4 1,322.7 490.0 409.5 360.1 45.5 6,633.2 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allocated to Economic Sectors with Electricity Distributed (MMT C02 Eq.) | Electric Power Industry | Transportation | Industry Agriculture Commercial Residential £ O ; 8,000 C CD ' 7< > CO' * : d- 6,000 ; H. 4,ooo I S 3,000 S588SS8S§g oooooooooo Implied Sectors Industry Transportation Commercial Residential Agriculture U.S. Territories Total Emissions 1990 2,238.3 1,548.3 947.7 953.8 460.0 33.7 1 6,181.8 1 2000 2,314.4 1,935.8 1 1, 135.8 1 1, 162.2 1 518.4 1 46.0 7,112.7 2005 2,162.5 2,022.2 1,205.1 1,242.9 522.7 58.2 7,213.5 2006 2,194.6 1,999.0 1,188.5 1,181.5 544.1 59.3 7,166.9 2007 2,192.9 2,008.9 1,225.3 1,229.6 553.2 53.5 7,263.4 2008 2,146.5 1,895.5 1,224.5 1,215.1 531.1 48.4 7,061.1 2009 1,910.9 1,816.9 1,184.9 1,158.9 516.0 45.5 6,633.2 "Z ^ 2,500 .2 £: E ; ^ 2,000 o : 3 1,500 « j i 1,000 i 500 i 0. CNF i I I Process Electricity I Fuel Combustion _ Industry Transportation Commercial Residential Agriculture Download the Inventory at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html Carboy formation Conversion Factors to Energy Units (Heat Equivalents) Heat Contents and Carbon Content Coefficients of Various Fuel Types Converting Various Physical Units to Energy UnitsThe values in the following table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents. These factors can be used as default factors, if local data are not available. Fuel Type Solid Fuels Anthracite Coal Bituminous Coal Sub-bituminous Coal Lignite Coke Unspecified Coal Gas Fuels Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel Aviation Gasoline LPG Kerosene Still Gas Petroleum Coke Pentanes Plus Unfinished Oils Heat Content Million Btu/Metric Ton 24.88 26.33 18.89 14.18 27.56 27.56 Btu/Cubic Foot 1,026 Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel 5.22 5.83 6.29 5.67 5.05 3.55 5.67 6.00 6.02 4.62 5.83 Carbon (C) Content Coefficients kg C/Million Btu ^^njQi^^H 25.44 26.50 26.65 31.00 25.34 kg C/Million Btu 14.46 kg C/Million Btu 19.46 20.17 20.48 19.70 18.86 16.83 19.96 18.20 27.85 19.10 20.31 Carbon Dioxide (C02) per Physical Unit kg CCWMetric Ton 2,579.9 2,456.6 1,835.9 1,385.6 3,131.9 2,560.0 kg CtyCubic Foot 0.0544 kg COz/Petroleum Barrel 372.2 430.8 472.1 409.5 349.0 219.3 415.1 400.3 615.1 323.6 433.8 Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, 2009 U.S. average values are presented. All factors are presented in gross calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). LRG = Liquid Refinery Gas. Miscellaneous products includes all finished products not otherwise classified, (e.g., aromatic extracts and tars, absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, synthetic natural gas, naptha-type jet fuel, and specialty oils). C02 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion Fuel Combusted x Carbon Content Coefficient x Fraction Oxidized x (44/12) May include adjustments for carbon stored in fossil fuel-based products, emissions from international bunker fuels, or emissions from territories. Carbon Intensity of Different Fuel Types The amount of carbon in fossil fuels per unit of energy content varies signifi- cantly by fuel type. For example, coal contains the highest amount of carbon per unit of energy, while petroleum has about 25 percent less carbon than coal, and natural gas about 45 percent less. For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid For other related information, see: http://www.epa.gov/climatechangeand http://unfccc.int Source for all data: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2009 (EPA 2011) ------- |