§
\
Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN)
On-line Characterization and Remediation Databases
Fact Sheet
January 2011
This fact sheet provides an overview of the 10
on-line characterization and remediation
databases available on the Hazardous Waste
Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) website
(www.cluin.org/databases) sponsored by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of
Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI), Technology Innovation and
Field Services Division (TIFSD). These databases
provide information about pilot- and full-scale
applications of innovative site characterization
and treatment technologies for EPA remedial
project managers, other federal and state
personnel, consulting engineers, technology
developers and vendors, remediation contractors,
researchers, community groups, and individual
citizens. They facilitate and encourage the
hazardous waste remediation community to
share knowledge about, and experiences with,
innovative technologies.
Each database includes project profiles that
provide background information on the site
(name, location, and type), project information
(scale, status, project dates, technology
description, contaminants, and media treated),
performance and cost data, points of contact, and
references. These data are obtained from site
managers, regulatory officials, and technology
providers, as well as from published reports,
conference proceedings, and other available
reference materials.
The databases can be individually searched using
a list of identified parameters for each database
or using key words. In addition, a simultaneous
search can be performed across most of the
databases based on common search criteria (such
as contaminant). The form to search across
multiple databases can be found at:
www.cluin.org/databases/search.
Alternative Landfill Covers - 222
In Situ Thermal - 141
Chemical Oxidation -115
In Situ Flushing-36
Phytotechnology -173
MTBE Treatment - 426
Fractured Bedrock-225
Remediation Technology Demonstrations - 345
Nanotechnology -17
Ecological Revitalization -105
*As of January 2011.
ALTERNATJVE.LANP.FJLLCPVERS
lWWW,CLyjN..ORG/PRpp.yCTS/ALTCgVERS)
Alternative landfill cover (ALC) systems are increasingly
considered for use at waste disposal sites when
equivalent performance to conventional final cover
systems can be demonstrated or where some moisture is
required to sustain biological processes. They have been implemented at
sites such as municipal solid waste landfills, hazardous waste landfills, and
radioactive waste sites. Unlike conventional covers that use materials with
low hydraulic permeability, ALCs are designed to manage hydrological
processes at an area, including precipitation, soil water storage, surface
runoff, evapotranspiration, and infiltration to minimize percolation.
I.NSI.TU THERMAL TREATMENT
IWWW,CLyjN..ORG/PRppU.CTS/THERMAU
In situ thermal (1ST) treatment includes technologies that
involve steam injection, electrical resistance heating
(ERH), conductive heating, radio-frequency (RF) heating,
and hot air injection. These technologies treat chlorinated
solvents, non-chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile
organic compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oils
and petroleum products, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and wood
preserving compounds in ground water and soil. 1ST technologies heat the
subsurface to destroy contaminants or enhance their removal, including any
present as nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs).
CHEMICAL PXJPATJP.N
IWWW,CLy]N..pRG/PRpp.yCTS/.CHEMQX)
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is the process of injecting
oxidants and coamendments into the subsurface to
chemically convert hazardous contaminants to
nonhazardous or less toxic compounds that are more
stable, less mobile, or inert. ISCO is useful in treating NAPLs and can be
applied to contaminants that include chlorinated solvents, non-chlorinated
VOCs, SVOCs, petroleum products, PAHs, PCBs, explosives and propellants,
and pesticides. Commonly used oxidizing agents include permanganate
(either sodium or potassium), Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide and iron
catalyst), hydrogen peroxide, and ozone.
JN.SJTU. FLUSHIN.G.IWW^
In situ flushing (ISF) involves injecting or infiltrating an
aqueous solution into a zone of contaminated soil or
ground water, followed by extraction and aboveground
treatment of the elutriate (the flushing solution mixed
with contaminants). In rare cases, the flushing solution
and treated contaminants may be left in place. The solutions used for ISF may
consist of surfactants, cosolvents, acids, bases, oxidants, chelants, solvents,
or water. Recent applications have also documented the use of cyclodextrin,
a non-toxic, modified sugar, as a flushing agent. These flushing solutions
typically increase the mobility or solubility (or both) of the contaminants. ISF
can treat many organic and inorganic contaminants, including NAPLs, VOCs,
SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides, non-volatile metals, and radioactive contaminants.
-------
Phytotechnology is an emerging technology that uses various types of plants to degrade, extract, contain, or
immobilize contaminants in soil, ground water, surface water, and sediments. Phytotechnology has been used to
treat various contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents, metals, explosives and propellants, pesticides, PAHs,
radionuclides, and petroleum hydrocarbon compounds.
MTBETREATME.NnwWWX
Fuel oxygenates such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) have been widely used for the past several decades in
the U.S. as gasoline additives to boost octane ratings and to reduce air emissions associated with combustion of
fuel. Aboveground or underground storage tank leaks or accidents that involve transport vehicles have
contaminated soil and ground water with MtBE in many locations. In some cases, concentrations of MtBE have
reached sources of drinking water. This database provides information on in situ and ex situ technologies that
have been used to treat MtBE in ground water, soil, and drinking water.
Characterization and remediation of contaminated ground water at fractured bedrock sites are hampered by the
complex geology, the heterogeneous distribution and orientation of the fractures, and the movement of
contaminants and fluids in fracture networks and rock matrices. Several characterization and remediation
technologies are currently being used both at the pilot- and full-scale levels to improve the understanding of
these sites. This on-line database provides information on characterization and remediation technologies used
at fractured bedrock sites.
REMEPJATIPN.TE.CH.NOLO^
Before they are used in full-scale cleanup applications, new technologies or new applications of existing
technologies are often tested in pilot-scale demonstrations. EPA has developed this on-line database to
summarize information about selected pilot-scale demonstration projects. This database includes completed
and ongoing soil and ground water remediation technology demonstrations that have been performed in North
America. Characterization technologies and modeling are not addressed in these profiles, however.
Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that is generally defined as the ability to create and use materials,
devices, or systems with a size of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). Applications of nanotechnology in
environmental protection draw on the unique properties of nanomaterials and include (1) sensors for improved
monitoring and detection capabilities, and (2) treatment and remediation techniques for cost-effective and rapid
site cleanup.
c^r^
Ecological revitalization refers to the process of returning land from a contaminated state to one that supports a
functioning and sustainable habitat. The ecological revitalization database contains information about
completed and on-going projects where ecological revitalization was included as part of solutions to various
environmental concerns. Project profiles provide information on site history, contaminants of concern, and the
ecological revitalization approach taken at each site. EPA actively supports and encourages ecological
revitalization, when appropriate, during and after the assessment and cleanup of contaminated properties
under its cleanup programs.
How to Submit New Profiles or Update Existing Profiles
PA encourages project managers, site owners, and technology vendors to add new profiles to the databases or to update existing
profiles, especially for sites where work is undertaken with participation of federal or state project managers. All data submitted
must be based on published literature. The approach for new profile submittal depends on the database. EPA will review submitted
information before it is made available to the public.
Contact Us
If you have any questions or comments about the information provided in this fact sheet, or for more information about any of the
databases identified in this fact sheet, please contact:
John Quander
quander.iohn@epa.gov
703) 603-7198
Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) Website: www.cluin.or
------- |