Document No. 822-B-03-001
December 19, 2003
Technical Background Document for the
Sewage Sludge Exposure and Hazard
Screening Assessment
Prepared for
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Document No. 822-B-03-001
Technical Background Document for the
Sewage Sludge Exposure and Hazard
Screening Assessment
December 19, 2003
Prepared for
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Page
Executive Summary ES-1
ES. 1 Background ES-1
ES.2 Overview of Screening Assessment Methodology ES-2
ES.3 Summary of Results ES-5
ES.4 Document Organization ES-7
1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation 1-1
1.1 Background and Purpose 1-1
1.2 Characterization of Sewage Sludge 1-2
1.2.1 Pollutants in Sewage Sludge 1-2
1.2.2 Properties of Sewage Sludge 1-5
1.3 Source Characterization 1-6
1.3.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario 1-6
1.3.2 Surface Disposal/Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario 1-7
1.4 Layout and Setting 1-7
1.4.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario 1-8
1.4.1.1 Regional Data 1-8
1.4.1.2 Site Layout Data 1-9
1.4.2 Lagoon Scenario 1-11
1.5 Conceptual Model 1-12
1.6 Exposure Pathways 1-12
1.6.1 Land Application Scenario 1-13
1.6.2 Lagoon Scenario 1-17
1.7 Receptors 1-18
1.7.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario 1-18
1.7.2 Lagoon Scenario (Human Only) 1-20
1.8 Endpoint Selection 1-21
1.8.1 Human Health Benchmarks 1-21
1.8.2 Ecological Endpoints 1-22
1.9 Analysis Plan 1-23
1.9.1 Probabilistic Approach 1-23
1.9.2 Source Modeling 1-24
1.9.3 Fate and Transport Modeling 1-25
1.9.4 Human Exposure Modeling 1-25
1.9.5 Ecological Exposure Modeling 1-26
1.9.6 Screening Criteria Development 1-26
2.0 Analysis Phase 2-1
2.1 Probabilistic Modeling Framework 2-1
2.2 Source Modeling 2-4
2.2.1 Modeling Agricultural Fields 2-4
2.2.2 Modeling Sewage Sludge Lagoons 2-6
2.3 Fate and Transport Modeling 2-6
2.3.1 Air Dispersion and Deposition Modeling (ISCST3) 2-8
iii
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents (continued)
Section Page
2.3.2 Estimation of Soil, Water, and Sediment Concentrations 2-9
2.3.2.1 Soil Concentrations 2-9
2.3.2.2 Predicting Surface Water Concentrations 2-10
2.3.2.3 Predicting Groundwater Concentrations 2-11
2.3.3 Calculation of Food Chain Concentrations 2-11
2.3.3.1 Terrestrial Food Chain 2-12
2.3.4 Calculation of Aquatic Food Web Concentrations 2-13
2.4 Exposure Modeling 2-14
2.4.1 Human Exposure Modeling 2-14
2.4.2 Ecological Exposure Modeling 2-16
2.5 Screening Criteria Development 2-18
2.5.1 Human Health Screening Criteria 2-18
2.5.2 Ecological Screening Criteria 2-20
3.0 Screening Results 3-1
3.1 Human Health Screening Results 3-1
3.2 Ecological Screening Results 3-2
3.2.1 Direct Contact Pathway 3-3
3.2.2 Ingestion Pathway 3-4
3.3 Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty 3-4
3.3.1 Parameter Variability 3-5
3.3.1.1 Source Characterization and Emissions Model Variables 3-5
3.3.1.2 Fate and Transport Model Variables 3-6
3.4 Uncertainty 3-7
3.4.1 Scenario Uncertainty 3-8
3.4.1.1 Receptor Populations Evaluated 3-8
3.4.1.2 Characteristics and Location of Waterbodies 3-8
3.4.2 Model Uncertainty 3-9
3.4.2.1 Air Dispersion Modeling 3-9
3.4.3 Parameter Uncertainty 3-10
3.4.3.1 Pollutant Concentrations 3-10
3.4.3.2 Agricultural Field Parameters 3-10
3.4.3.3 Watershed Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Parameters 3-10
3.4.3.4 Sludge Characteristics 3-10
3.4.3.5 Exposure Uncertainty 3-10
3.4.3.6 Ecological Exposure Uncertainty 3-11
3.4.3.7 Human Health Values 3-11
3.4.3.8 Exposure Factors 3-11
3.4.4 Sensitivity Analysis 3-12
3.4.4.1 Results for Sewage Sludge Lagoons 3-16
3.4.4.2 Results for Agricultural Land Application of Sewage Sludge 3-19
4.0 References 4-1
IV
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Table of Contents
List of Appendices
Page
A Characterization of Surface Impoundments A-l
B Farm Size and Location B-l
C Meteorological Data C-l
D Soil Data D-l
E Chemical Data E-l
F Biota Data F-l
G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation G-l
H Source Model for Land Application Units H-l
I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files 1-1
J Surface Water Model J-l
K Fate, Transport, and Hazard Calculations for Human Health and Ecological Effects K-l
L Human Exposure Factors L-l
M Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors Used in the Ecological
Screening Assessment M-l
N Ecological Exposure Factors N-l
O Human Health-Based Chemical Selection Process O-l
P Ecological Benchmarks P-l
Q Detailed Human Health Results Q-l
R Detailed Ecological Results R-l
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Table of Contents
List of Figures
1-1 Map of 41 climatic regions 1-9
1-2 Agricultural field index reservoir scenario 1-10
1-3 Agricultural field farm pond scenario 1-10
1-4 Sewage sludge lagoon scenario 1-11
1-5 Conceptual model for the agricultural land application scenario (with farm pond) . . 1-14
1-6 Conceptual model for exposure to household tapwater in the agricultural land
application scenario (with index reservoir) 1-15
1-7 Conceptual model for sewage sludge lagoon 1-16
2-1 Looping structure for agricultural land application modeling 2-1
2-2 Looping structure for sewage sludge lagoons 2-3
2-3 Emissions mechanisms in the local watershed 2-7
2-4 Farm food chain model 2-12
2-5 Terrestrial food web, including example receptors 2-13
2-6 Aquatic food web, including example receptors 2-14
List of Tables
ES-l Reasonable Upper Bound Assumptions Used in the Agricultural Land
Application Scenario ES-3
ES-2 Reasonable Upper Bound Assumptions Used in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Scenario ES-4
ES-3 Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution by Pathway for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario ES-5
ES-4 Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than or Equal to One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution for Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife Via Direct Contact Pathways . ES-6
ES-5 Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution by Pathway for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario ES-7
1-1 Pollutants Selected for Sewage Sludge Exposure
and Hazard Screening Assessment 1-4
1-2 Physical Characteristics of Sewage Sludge 1-6
1-3 Human Exposure Pathways for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario 1-13
1-4 Exposure Pathways for Wildlife Species 1-17
1-5 Human Exposure Pathways for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario 1-17
1-6 Ecological Receptors—Mammal and Bird Wildlife Species 1-19
1-7 Ecological Receptors—Communities 1-20
1-8 Human Health Benchmarks for Pollutants Selected for the Sewage Sludge
Exposure and Hazard Screening 1-21
2-1 Human Exposure Pathways for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario 2-15
2-2 Human Exposure Pathways for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario 2-16
2-3 Receptors Assessed Using Media Concentrations 2-17
2-4 Human Health Screening Criteria for Pollutants 2-19
2-5 Criteria for Selecting Toxicological Data 2-22
2-6 Sources for Ecological Benchmarks 2-22
VI
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Table of Contents
List of Tables (continued)
Page
3-1 Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution by Pathway for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario 3-2
3-2 Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution by Pathway for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario 3-2
3-3 Hazard Quotient Values Equal to or Greater Than One at the 95th Percentile of the
HQ Distribution for Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife Via Direct Contact Pathways . . 3-3
3-4 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Barium in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Adult) 3-17
3-5 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Barium in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Child) 3-17
3-6 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Manganese in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Adult) 3-17
3-7 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Manganese in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Child) 3-17
3-8 Sensitivity Analysis Results for 4-Chloroaniline in Sewage Sludge Managed in
Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child) 3-18
3-9 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrate in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child) 3-18
3-10 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrite in Sewage Sludge Managed in Sewage
Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child) 3-18
3-11 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrite in Sewage Sludge Managed by
Agricultural Land Application (Child) 3-20
3-12 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Silver in Sewage Sludge Managed by
Agricultural Land Application (Adult) 3-20
3-13 Sensitivity Analysis Results for Silver in Sewage Sludge Managed by
Agricultural Land Application (Child) 3-20
vn
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Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
3MRA Multimedia, Multipathway, Multireceptor Risk Assessment
ADD average daily dose
AUR air unit risk factor
BAF bioaccumulation factor
BD bulk density
CC critical concentrations
CD critical dose
CSF cancer slope factor
CWA Clean Water Act
DAF dilution-attenuation factor
EFH Exposure Factors Handbook
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ERL effects range-low value
FOC fraction organic carbon
GIS geographic information system
GSCM Generic Soil Column Model
HHB human health benchmark
HQ hazard quotient
IRED Interim Reregi strati on Eligibility Decision
IRIS U. S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System
ISCST3 Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Model, Version 3
IWAIR Industrial Waste Air Model
LADD lifetime average daily dose
LAU land application unit
MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NOD A Notice of Data Availability
NSSS 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey
OPP U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs
OSW U. S. EPA Office of Solid Waste
OW U. S. EPA Office of Water
PAD population adjusted dose
RED Reregi strati on Eligibility Decision
RfC reference concentration
RfD reference dose
SIS Surface Impoundment Study
TRED Tolerance Reregi strati on Eligibility Decision
UAC unit air concentration
URF unit risk factor
USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation
WMU waste management unit
Vlll
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Section ES Executive Summary
Executive Summary
ES.l Background
In February 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the
Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge (40 CFR Part 503). This rule is known as
the Round One Sewage Sludge Regulation. 40 CFR Part 503 under section 405 of the Clean
Water Act (CWA) contains management practices, pollutant limits for metals, and technology-
based operational standards for pathogens that protect public health and the environment from
reasonably anticipated adverse effects of pollutants in sewage sludge when the sewage sludge is
land applied, placed in a surface disposal unit, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
Section 405 of the CWA required EPA to propose and, after receipt and consideration of
public comments, publish a decision to either (1) establish a Round Two regulation under Part
503 for additional pollutants in sewage sludge or (2) issue a finding of "no action" for these
Round Two pollutants. In addition, Section 405(d)(2)(C) of the CWA requires that, bienially,
EPA review the current literature to determine if additional chemical pollutants are warranted for
addition to the Part 503 rule.
EPA also asked the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) to evaluate the technical basis of the Part 503 Round One rulemaking, report its
conclusions, and make recommendations for future sewage sludge regulatory efforts. The NRC
study took place between January 2001 and June 2002. In July 2002, the NRC published a
report entitled Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices in response to
EPA's request. EPA has pursued the following NAS-recommended activities, which are
described in this document:
• A literature review to identify potentially toxic chemicals that may be present in
sewage sludge but that are not already addressed by EPA rulemaking activities
(i.e., chemicals other than the Round One chemicals and the Round Two
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, chlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planer
polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]).
• A screening assessment to identify which of these additional chemicals should be
subjected to a multipathway exposure and hazard assessment.
These activities thus identify and select additional chemicals for the multipathway screening
assessment. The purpose of this document is to present the methodology and results of the
screening assessment that was conducted to identify additional pollutants for consideration in
potential rulemaking under section 405(d)(2)(C) of the CWA.
ES-1
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Section ES Executive Summary
ES.2 Overview of Screening Assessment Methodology
The 40 chemicals selected by EPA for exposure and hazard screening (see Table 1-1)
were each evaluated in two sewage sludge management practices: (1) the application to
agricultural land scenario, and (2) the sewage sludge lagoon scenario (i.e, surface disposal unit).
For the agricultural land application scenario, EPA assumed that sewage sludge is
applied to both pastureland and cropland that are used to raise food for human consumption. The
farmer was assumed to apply sewage sludge to pastureland and cropland at the appropriate
agronomic rates (i.e, sewage sludge was applied biennially at a rate of 5 to 10 metric tons per
hectare dry weight). The agricultural land application scenario considered exposure to humans
and wildlife species following the application of sewage sludge containing each of the pollutants
to a nationwide distribution of farms. Many parameters were set to higher-end or reasonable
upper bound values to ensure that all potentially hazardous pollutants in sewage sludge were
identified for an exposure and hazard assessment (see Table ES-1).
Application to both row crops and pasture includes runoff into two waterbody types:
• An index reservoir used as a source of drinking water by the farm family
• A farm pond populated and frequented by ecological receptors and used by the
farm family for recreational fishing.
The "index reservoir" is modeled after the Shipman City Lake in Shipman, Indiana, for
drinking water exposures. This reservoir covers 13 acres, is 9 ft deep, and has a watershed area
of 427 acres. The ratio of drainage area to capacity (volume of water in the lake) is
approximately 12 for the index reservoir in this assessment. These areas remain constant in this
assessment, and the same index reservoir was assumed to occur in each of the 41 climate
regions. Also, in the screening assessment, it was assumed that the 427-acre watershed area
contains other farms that also apply sewage sludge occupying 10 to 80 percent of the watershed
in aggregate (in addition to the modeled farm).
The second waterbody type is a farm pond and was used to evaluate ecological exposure,
and human exposure from fish consumption. It was assumed that the pond's total drainage basin
includes the farm area and that the pond has a drainage-area-to-capacity ratio of five. The farm
pond depth is assumed to be constant at 9 feet. The area of the modeled pond is proportional to
the area of the farm. EPA also assumed that there is no buffer between the amended agricultural
land and the farm pond; thus, EPA assumes that the erosion and runoff from the agricultural land
go directly to the farm pond.
The lagoon scenario was the surface disposal unit chosen for the model because sewage
sludge disposed of in such an impoundment is likely to have the greatest potential of the various
surface disposal configurations to cause groundwater contamination. EPA assumed that sewage
sludge is managed in a lagoon or non-aerated surface impoundment that contains 10 percent total
suspended solids (TSS) with hydraulic residence times greater than 2 years, and that no food
chain or ecological exposures occur from sewage sludge in this surface lagoon scenario. It was
assumed that these impoundments are located in a rural industrial setting where residents live
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Section ES
Executive Summary
Table ES-1. Reasonable Upper Bound Assumptions Used in the
Agricultural Land Application Scenario
Parameter
Assumption
Chemical
properties
If no data are found for hydrolysis or degradation, those values are assumed equal to
zero.
Concentration
The concentration is assumed to be the 95th percentile measured value from the 1989
National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS).
Receptors
Members of the subpopulation defined as subject to RME are assumed to be farmers
living immediately adjacent to the farm where sewage sludge is applied. They are
assumed to get a significant portion of all their diet items from homegrown products
produced on sludge-amended soils and to drink and shower with either untreated
surface water from the index reservoir or groundwater from a residential well
immediately below the cropland. These individuals are more highly exposed to
sewage sludge than the general population.
Site-specific
parameters
A distribution of site-specific parameters was used for the 41 climate regions.
Air modeling
data
Maximum values for air concentrations of vapors and particles and wet and dry
deposition of vapors and particles are assumed to apply to the entire area of the
cropland, pasture, buffer, and waterbody.
Groundwater
screening
Groundwater ingestion assumes that the well water concentration is the concentration
in the leachate at a depth of 1 m beneath the crop soil. The maximum annual
concentration is used as the groundwater exposure concentration resulting from
leachate.
Waterbody
A small, fixed-size index reservoir is used to evaluate ingestion of surface water
receiving runoff.
A small farm pond receiving runoff is used to evaluate fish ingestion and potential
ecological impact.
Exposure
factors
Distributions of values from the Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c)
are used to estimate exposure factors.
Ecological
hazard
The most sensitive benchmark is used for each receptor/chemical combination.
For chemicals and receptors without measured values, a default of one is used as the
bioaccumulation factor (BAF).
Maximum 1-day, 4-day, 21-day, or annual farm pond concentrations are used for
ecological hazard to match with the duration of the study used as the basis of the
benchmark.
All ecological exposures are assumed to be from the sludge-amended areas.
For the ingestion pathway, 100% of each receptor's diet is assumed to come from the
sludge-amended field or the farm pond.
ES-3
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Section ES
Executive Summary
within a distribution of distances relatively close to the lagoon, where they might be exposed to
ambient air contaminated by sludge pollutants or where they might ingest drinking water from
residential groundwater wells. These modeled residents also use their residential wells as a
source of drinking water and for other household uses, such as showering. Many parameters
were set to higher-end or reasonable upper bound values to ensure that potentially hazardous
pollutants in sewage sludge were identified for an exposure and hazard assessment (see Table
ES-2).
Table ES-2. Reasonable Upper Bound Assumptions Used in the
Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
Parameter
Chemical
properties
Concentration
Receptors
Site-specific
parameters
Air modeling
data
Groundwater
screening
Exposure
factors
Assumption
If no data are found for hydrolysis or degradation, those values are assumed equal to
zero.
The concentration is the 95th percentile measured value from the 1989 NSSS.
Modeled residents are members of a rural family who live downwind (based on
prevailing winds) from the sewage sludge lagoon and have a residential well that is
used for drinking water and showering.
A distribution of site-specific parameters was used for the surface impoundment sites.
Maximum values were used for air concentrations of at each receptor distance.
Residential well water concentration is one-half the concentration in the leachate
immediately beneath the sludge lagoon.
The maximum annual leachate concentration is used for noncancer endpoints.
The maximum concentration in leachate for the exposure duration is used for cancer
endpoints.
Distributions of values from the Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c)
are used to estimate exposure factors.
For modeling exposure to humans, members of the subpopulation are defined as subject
to reasonable maximum exposure (RME) and include a farm family (child and adult). For the
agricultural land application scenario, the farm family is assumed to live on a farm and consume
farm-raised foods where land-applied sewage sludge is used as fertilizer or a soil amendment
and, therefore, are more highly exposed to sewage sludge than the general population. The farm
family's diet is assumed to include a significant portion of home-produced foods, including
exposed and protected fruits and vegetables, root vegetables, beef, and milk. Ecological species
modeled include invertebrate and vertebrate animals and plants that may be exposed to
contaminants through agricultural application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer or soil amendment.
The total ingestion dose from all ingestion pathways was compared with the critical dose
to yield ingestion pathway screening results. For inhalation exposures, the annual average
ES-4
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Section ES
Executive Summary
ambient air concentration and annual average shower air concentration were the exposure
concentrations of concern and were compared with the critical concentrations to yield the
inhalation screening results. Ecological receptors were assumed to forage on the agricultural
land and in and around the farm pond. The ecological exposure concentrations or doses were
compared with ecological benchmarks for the same time scale (1-day, 4-day, 21-day, or annual)
to yield ecological screening results. Dermal exposure was not evaluated because dermal
exposure is considered minimal for purposes of this screening assessment.
ES.3 Summary of Results
A screening assessment was performed for 40 selected pollutants using the two
management scenarios. This section presents the list of pollutants that resulted in hazard
quotients (HQs) greater than one for human health and greater than or equal to one for ecological
species1 at the 95th percentile of the HQ distribution. For this assessment, HQ is the ratio
between the environmental concentration and the critical concentration, or the ratio between the
receptor dose and the critical dose.
Table ES-3 presents the list of pollutants that had HQs greater than one in the human
health screen. Table ES-4 presents the list of pollutants that had HQs greater than or equal to
one in the ecological screen for the land application scenario. Table ES-5 presents the list of
pollutants that had HQs greater than one for the human health screen in the sewage sludge
lagoon scenario.
Table ES-3. Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution by Pathway
for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario
CASRN
14797-65-0
7440-22-4
Chemical
Nitrite
Silver
Pathway
Ingestion of Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Ingestion of Milk
Total Ingestion
Receptor
Child
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
HQ
1.1
1.3
3.8
12.0
4.0
12.3
1 Exposure at or below the human health benchmark values are considered protective of human health.
Hence, the HQ values greater than one are considered to have failed the human health screen. Exposure at or above
the ecological benchmarks or values are considered to exceed a level considered to be protective of wildlife species
and the environment. Hence, the HQ values equal to or greater than one are considered to have failed the ecological
screen.
ES-5
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Section ES
Executive Summary
Table ES-4. Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than or Equal to One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution for Aquatic and
Terrestrial Wildlife Via Direct Contact Pathways"
CASRN
67-64-1
120-12-7
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
75-15-0
106-47-8
333-41-5
206-44-0
7439.96-5
78-93-3
108-95-2
129-00-0
7440-22-4
Chemical
Acetone
Anthracene
Barium
Beryllium
Carbon disulfide
4-Chloroaniline
Diazinon
Fluoranthene
Manganese
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
Receptor15
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Invertebrates
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Fish
HQ
356.2
2.9
235.7
7.8
1.9
1.3
1.1
10.7
4.2
13.9
5.8
102.4
41.9
21.1
4.5
246.6
28.2
4.8
pollutant resulted in an HQ equal to or greater than one for any wildlife species based on
estion pathways.
No
ingestion pathways.
b Sediment biota organisms include sediment invertebrates; aquatic community organisms include
fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, and amphibians; soil biota organisms include soil
invertebrates.
ES-6
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Section ES
Executive Summary
Table ES-5. Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution by Pathway
for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
CASRN
7440-39-3
106-47-8
7439-96-5
14797-65-0
14797-55-8
Chemical
Barium
4-Chloroaniline
Manganese
Nitrite
Nitrate
Pathway
Drinking Water from Groundwater
Drinking Water from Groundwater
Drinking Water from Groundwater
Drinking Water from Groundwater
Drinking Water from Groundwater
Receptor
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
HQ
1.5
3.5
2.7
6.4
32.3
76.3
13.6
33.8
9.2
23.0
ES.4 Document Organization
This background document is organized into the following sections:
• Section 1, Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation, describes the
background and purpose of the screening assessment; the pollutants, sources,
sites, receptors, exposure pathways, and endpoints considered in the assessment;
and the conceptual model and analysis plan used to conduct the assessment.
• Section 2, Analysis Phase, describes the technical approach, assumptions, and
data underlying the source modeling, fate and transport modeling, exposure
modeling, and screening criteria development for the assessment.
• Section 3, Screening Results, presents the results of the screening assessment and
discusses sources of variability and uncertainty in the assessment.
The following appendices, A through S, provide more detailed technical information on the data,
models, and methods used in the screening assessment, as well as more detailed information on
the results of the assessment:
• Appendix A, Characterization of Surface Impoundments
• Appendix B, Farm Size and Location
ES-7
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Section ES Executive Summary
• Appendix C, Meteorological Data
• Appendix D, Soil Data
• Appendix E, Chemical Data
• Appendix F, Biota Data
• Appendix G, Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
• Appendix H, Source Model for Land Application Units
• Appendix I, Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
• Appendix J, Surface Water Model
• Appendix K, Fate, Transport, and Hazard Calculations for Human Health and
Ecological Effects
• Appendix L, Human Exposure Factors
• Appendix M, Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors Used in the
Ecological Screening Assessment
• Appendix N, Ecological Exposure Factors
• Appendix O, Human Health-Based Chemical Selection Process
• Appendix P, Ecological Benchmarks
• Appendix Q, Human Health Results
• Appendix R, Ecological Results
• Appendix S, Sensitivity Analysis Results.
ES-8
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
The planning, scoping, and problem formulation phase of a screening assessment defines
the objectives, basic framework, and plan for a subsequent risk assessment phase. This initial
screening of pollutants in sewage sludge is designed to identify those pollutants that may pose
risks to human health and the environment when sewage sludge is land applied or disposed in a
sludge lagoon. The pollutants identified by the screening assessment will be further assessed
through a more refined risk assessment and risk characterization and potentially included in the
Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge (40 CFR Part 503).
This section begins with the regulatory background and purpose of this screening
assessment (Section 1.1). The properties of sewage sludge are described in Section 1.2. Sewage
sludge, along with the common sludge management practices (Section 1.3), defines the source
term for this screening. The environmental settings and site layouts where these practices may
occur are described in Section 1.4. Section 1.5 describes the conceptual model used in the
screening. Section 1.6 describes the exposure pathways by which receptors can be exposed to
sewage sludge pollutants, and Section 1.7 describes the human and ecological receptors of
concern for the screening assessment. The human health and ecological endpoints selected for
the assessment are described in Section 1.8. As the final output of the problem formulation
phase, the analysis plan (Section 1.9) describes how this screening process was conducted to
provide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the information needed to select
the pollutants in need of further evaluation for possible inclusion in the sewage sludge
management standards.
1.1 Background and Purpose
In February 1993, the EPA published the Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage
Sludge (40 CFR Part 503). This rule is known as the Round One Sewage Sludge Regulation.
Part 503 contains management practices, pollutant limits, and technology-based operational
standards that protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse
effects of pollutants in sewage sludge when the sewage sludge is land applied, placed in a
surface disposal unit, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
Section 405 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) required EPA to propose and, after receipt
and consideration of public comments, publish a decision to either (1) establish a Round Two
regulation under Part 503 for additional pollutants in sewage sludge or (2) issue a finding of "no
action" for these Round Two pollutants. In addition, Section 405(d)(2)(C) of the CWA requires
that, bienially, EPA review the current literature to determine if additional chemical pollutants
are warranted for addition to the Part 503 rule. In May 1993, EPA provided a preliminary list of
31 pollutants for the Round Two activity. EPA then conducted preliminary exposure analyses to
1-1
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
determine which of these 31 pollutants to include on the final Round Two pollutant list. Based
on the results of those analyses, three groups of pollutants were placed on the Round Two
candidate list of pollutants:
• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (7 congeners)
• Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (10 congeners)
• Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (12 congeners).
EPA evaluated these pollutants (collectively known as dioxin and dioxin-like compounds
["dioxins"]) for the management practices of land application, disposal in surface
impoundments, and incineration and issued subsequent rules for dioxins.
EPA also asked the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) to evaluate the technical basis of the Part 503 rulemaking, report its conclusions,
and make recommendations for future sewage sludge regulatory efforts. The NRC study took
place between January 2001 and June 2002. In July 2002, the NRC published a report entitled
Biosolids Applied to Land: Advancing Standards and Practices in response to EPA's request.
On April 9, 2003 (68 Federal Register 17379-17395), EPA published its plan to respond to the
NAS recommendations, along with its rationale and a solicitation for public comments. Since
then, EPA has pursued the following NAS-recommended activities, which are described in this
document:
• A literature review to identify potentially toxic chemicals that may be present in
sewage sludge but that are not already addressed by EPA rulemaking activities.
• A screening assessment to identify which additional chemicals should be
subjected to further evaluation or potentially considered in future rulemaking.
These activities thus identify and select additional chemicals for the multipathway exposure and
hazard assessment. The purpose of this document is to present the screening methodology and
results used to identify additional pollutants that require further evaluation and potential
inclusion in future rulemaking activities under Part 503.
1.2 Characterization of Sewage Sludge
The characterization of sewage sludge includes the identification of the potential
pollutants in the sludge, and the specification of other physical and chemical properties of sludge
that are required to conduct a screening assessment.
1.2.1 Pollutants in Sewage Sludge
To identify pollutants for the screening assessment, EPA first compiled a list of more
than 800 chemicals that occur in sewage sludge, then narrowed this list down to 40 pollutants by
removing chemicals that had insufficient data for screening or that were otherwise unsuitable for
the screening assessment.
1-2
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
EPA conducted an extensive literature search to obtain publicly available information on
chemicals that may occur in sewage sludge, both at the national level and at the international
level. The literature search covered 1990-2002 and identified a substantial number of chemicals
found in sewage sludge from 25 countries. In addition, the 1989 National Sewage Sludge
Survey (NSSS) (U.S. EPA, 1996) monitored about 400 chemicals. The list of chemicals from
the NSSS was combined with the list of chemicals identified in the literature search, giving a
total of 803 candidate chemicals for the screening assessment. These chemicals are listed in
Table 1 of Appendix O.
EPA then applied a series of screening criteria to the list of 803 chemicals to eliminate
chemicals that had insufficient data or were otherwise unsuitable for screening from further
consideration. Each of these screening steps is described below.
• Chemicals with no human health benchmarks or not occurring in sewage
sludge—EPA eliminated 571 chemicals based on the absence of health
benchmark or occurrence information. EPA assessed the availability of human
health benchmarks from a variety of sources (see Appendix O for a complete list).
Chemicals with no human health benchmarks from any of those data sources were
removed from consideration, because further hazard screening is not possible in
the absence of toxicity values. In addition, if a chemical was not found in the
literature search and was monitored but not detected in the NSSS, it was deleted
from further consideration, because it appears not to be present in sewage sludge.
• Chemicals already regulated in Round One—EPA eliminated 9 metals that
were regulated in Round One of the Part 503 sewage sludge standards.
• Chemicals evaluated and determined not to be a hazard—EPA eliminated 15
chemicals that are unlikely to pose a hazard from their presence in sewage sludge.
Calcium and magnesium are essential nutrients. Phthalic anhydride degrades
extremely rapidly in soil. Chromium is present in sewage sludge as the less toxic
chromium III species and is unlikely to present a hazard. The remaining 11
chemicals in this category (aldrin, chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, dieldrin,
heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, lindane and toxaphene) are
banned or severely restricted pesticides. These organochlorine pesticides were
evaluated in 1992 and were not considered to present a health hazard from their
presence in sewage sludge.
• Chemicals not occurring in U.S. sewage—Only concentration values that have
been measured in U.S. sewage sludge are considered appropriate for estimating
exposure of the U.S. population to chemicals in sewage sludge. Therefore, EPA
eliminated 129 chemicals not detected or not monitored in the NSSS and with no
literature concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge.
• Chemicals without chronic human health benchmarks from IRIS or
OPP—Of the health assessment databases EPA used to identify human health
benchmarks, EPA considered the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) databases best suited for the Agency's
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
potential regulatory activities for this screening assessment. Therefore, EPA
eliminated 17 chemicals that did not have IRIS or OPP human health benchmarks.
In addition, EPA eliminated one chemical that does have an IRIS benchmark
(strontium) because available data on the environmental properties of strontium
are inadequate to conduct exposure screening. Note that the availability of
ecological benchmarks was not a criterion for selecting or eliminating pollutants.
Ecological benchmarks were identified or developed for the selected pollutants to
the extent supported by available data when sufficient human health-related data
existed.
• Chemicals with an ongoing IRIS or OPP assessment—IRIS and OPP are
currently conducting a detailed review of recent scientific information for 20
chemicals. In addition, at the request of EPA, the NRC is conducting a review of
the lexicological, epidemiological, clinical, and exposure data on oral ingested
fluoride from drinking water and other sources. Because the results of these new
health assessments are not yet available or may change, EPA has eliminated these
21 chemicals at this time.
This process resulted in the list of 40 chemicals that have been screened in the
assessment described in this document. A more detailed discussion of the chemical selection
process is presented in Appendix O. Table 1-1 lists the pollutants, their frequency of detection in
sewage sludge, and their measured concentrations in sewage sludge. The screening
concentration used in this assessment was the 95th percentile of the measured concentration in
sludge in the 1989 NSSS.
Table 1-1. Pollutants Selected for Sewage Sludge Exposure
and Hazard Screening Assessment
Chemical
Acetone
Acetophenone
Anthracene
Azinphos methyl
Barium
Benzole acid
Beryllium
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chloroaniline, 4-
Chlorobenzene; phenyl chloride
CASRN"
67-64-1
98-86-2
120-12-7
86-50-0
7440-39-3
65-85-0
7440-41-7
92-52-4
85-68-7
75-15-0
106-47-8
108-90-7
95th Percentile of
Concentration Range
NSSS (mg/kg)b
116
32.9
32.9
0.311
1730
167
8.00
33.3
32.9
3.13
33.3
3.13
Detect in
NSSS
(%)
58
2
2
2
100
4
22
1
9
10
5
2
(continued)
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Table 1-1. (continued)
Chemical
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorpyrifos
Cresol, o- (2-methylphenol)
Diazinon
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
Dichloromethane
Dioxane, 1,4-
Endrin
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN;
Santox
Fluoranthene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Isobutyl alcohol
Manganese
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK); methyl-2-
pentanone, 4-
Naled
Nitrate
Nitrite
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Trifluralin
Xylenes (mixture)
CASRN"
510-15-6
2921-88-2
95-48-7
333-41-5
156-60-5
75-09-2
123-91-1
72-20-8
2104-64-5
206-44-0
319-84-6
319-85-7
78-83-1
7439-96-5
78-93-3
108-10-1
300-76-5
14797.55-8
14797-65-0
86-30-6
108-95-2
129-00-0
7440-22-4
75-69-4
93-72-1
93-76-5
1582-09-8
1330-20-7
95th Percentile of
Concentration Range
NSSS (mg/kg)b
0.0967
0.157
42.8
0.150
2.94
31.3
3.13
0.0415
0.124
32.9
0.0228
0.0415
3.13
1620
69.3
15.6
0.840
5020
462
65.8
57.5
33.0
128
3.47
0.040
0.0505
0.155
6.63
Detect in
NSSS
(%)
7
3
6
2
1
42
2
6
2
5
2
6
3
100
34
2
2
95
83
1
34
5
84
5
15
29
3
4
a Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
b Dry weight
1.2.2 Properties of Sewage Sludge
In addition to identifying the pollutants in sewage sludge, it was necessary to select
representative values for physical properties of the sludge to conduct a modeled exposure and
hazard screening assessment. For this screening assessment, EPA assumed that the physical
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
properties of sewage sludge could be adequately characterized by a single set of fixed values.
EPA developed values for some of the physical characteristics of sludge (e.g., bulk density [BD],
percent solids, and fraction organic carbon [foe]) as part of the Round One risk assessment. For
other required physical characteristics (porosity and silt content), if values were not available
from EPA for a specific parameter, values for silt soil were used. Table 1-2 lists the sewage
sludge characteristics used in this assessment and the sources of these values. The
characteristics used in this screening assessment are the same as those used in the risk
assessment conducted for the "Exposure Analysis for Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Coplanar
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage Sludge," published in support of the NODA (June 12,
2002).
Table 1-2. Physical Characteristics of Sewage Sludge
Characteristic
Dry bulk density (BD)
Fraction organic carbon (foe)
Percent solid
Porosity
Silt content
Parameter Value
1.5
0.4
40 (land appl.)
10 (lagoon)
0.4
2.2 to 21
Uniform
distribution
Units
g/cm3
Unitless
Volume percent
Unitless
Mass percent
Source
Technical Support Document for Land
Application of Sewage Sludge (U.S.
EPA, 1992)
Best professional judgment
2001 NSSS (U.S. EPA, 2001)
Based on Carsel and Parrish (1988)
Table 13.2.2-1 AP-42
(U.S. EPA, 1995a)
1.3 Source Characterization
This screening assessment evaluated two sewage sludge management practices:
• Land application of sludge to pastureland and cropland
• Surface disposal in sewage sludge lagoons.
1.3.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario
For this scenario, EPA assumed that sewage sludge is applied to both pastureland and
cropland used to raise food commodities for human consumption. The farmer was assumed to
apply sewage sludge to pastureland and cropland at the appropriate agronomic rates and
conditions, as follows:
• Sewage sludge is applied at a rate of 5 to 10 metric tons per hectare per
application (uniform distribution)
• Applications occur once every 2 years for a variable period from one to 40 years
(20 applications)
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
• Cropland is tilled to a depth of 20 cm at application and at two additional times
during the year
• Pastureland is not tilled, but the sludge is incorporated to a depth of 2 cm by
bioturbidation.
These assumptions reflect agricultural practices common throughout the United States and are
the same as those made for the exposure assessment for dioxins in sewage sludge applied to
agricultural land (U.S. EPA, 2002b).
In this assessment, the application frequency of sewage sludge was considered constant.
Sewage sludge was assumed to be applied to the soil once every other year over a variable
period of 1 to 40 years. To model this application process, a triangular distribution of
application periods with a minimum of 1, a maximum of 40, and a mode of 20 years was used.
The period of sludge application and the rate of application were assumed to be independent.
The exposure period for human receptors (i.e., the farm family) was constrained to begin within
the period of application of sludge to the agricultural land, but could continue after applications
ceased. Application rates for sewage sludge were not varied with location, crop type, or soil
characteristics but were assumed to vary independently on a nationwide basis.
A single farmland configuration was assumed in this screening assessment; this
configuration defines the area in the immediate vicinity of the farm applying sludge and defines
the geographic relationship among the important features of the scenario, such as the cropland,
pasture, residence, and waterbodies (see Section 1.4). This configuration was assumed to occur
in all environmental settings and was evaluated at each of the 41 climatic regions in the
assessment.
1.3.2 Surface Disposal/Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
For this scenario, EPA assumed that sewage sludge was managed in a non-aerated
surface disposal lagoon. The lagoon in this exposure and hazard assessment is represented by
non-aerated surface impoundments with retention times greater than 2 years. The surface
impoundment was assumed to operate for a period of 50 years, after which time it was closed.
Only the active life (50 years) of the surface impoundment was modeled. Surface impoundments
used in this assessment were selected from a national distribution of non-aerated, nonhazardous
surface impoundments based on a representative sample of surface impoundments developed by
the EPA Office of Solid Waste (OSW) as part of the Surface Impoundment Study (SIS) (U.S.
EPA, 200Ib). These surface impoundments were modeled using the data and locations reported
in the survey. These data are presented in Appendix A.
1.4 Layout and Setting
Sewage sludge is managed across the United States; therefore, EPA chose a regional
approach to capture the variability in site conditions across the United States. This approach
combines regional data with data that represent a generic site layout. The approach differs
somewhat for the land application and lagoon scenarios because of differences in the pathways
1-7
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
evaluated (leading to different site layouts with different data requirements) and differences in
the data available.
1.4.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario
For the agriculture land application scenario, climate and soil data are needed to
characterize the environmental setting. These data include the meteorologic data used for air
modeling, and the soil and climate data used to estimate fate and transport of the pollutants in the
soil, surface waterbody, and groundwater.
The approach for the land application scenario consists of the following elements:
• Regional meteorological, soil, and farm size data for 41 climate regions were
selected to capture the variability across the United States
• The site layout data describe a generic setting with one-half of the farm devoted
to cropland and one-half of the farm devoted to pasture. Two waterbodies were
associated with each farm: (1) a standard index drinking water reservoir receiving
runoff with a fixed-size watershed to characterize drinking water risk, and (2) a
farm pond receiving runoff to characterize ecological risk and risk from ingestion
of home-caught fish.
These elements are discussed in more detail below.
1.4.1.1 Regional Data. The regional data were intended to represent the variability in
climate, soil, and farm size attributable to the variety of geographic locations for land application
of sewage sludge throughout the United States. This assessment used 41 climate regions, shown
in Figure 1-1. The boundaries of these regions were drawn to circumscribe areas that could be
represented by a single set of climatic data. The boundaries take into account geographic
boundaries, such as mountains, and other parameters that differentiate meteorological conditions
(i.e., temperature and windspeed). For each climate region, a representative meteorological data
set was selected; the location of this data set is also shown in Figure 1-1. This data set was
assumed to be representative of the conditions throughout the entire region and was used for all
iterations of the assessment for that climate region. Appendix C provides the details of the
meteorologic and climatic data used in the screening assessment. Once the boundaries of the
climatic regions were established, soil and field size data (which are also associated with
geographic location) were linked to these same regions. Within each of the 41 climatic regions,
soil data for areas designated as agricultural land use were used to characterize the soil for that
region. This approach captures the variability in soils in a manner that is generally
representative of agricultural lands across the United States. A geographic information system
(GIS) was used to compile soil texture and other soil data within each climatic region. Appendix
D provides a complete description of the soil data used.
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Figure 1-1. Map of 41 climatic regions.
Agricultural field size is also associated with location but not directly linked to climate or
soil conditions. Farms in the more densely populated eastern part of the United States are much
smaller than farms and ranches in the less densely populated western part of the country. The
median farm size for each county within the climate region was obtained from the Census of
Agriculture.1 From these data, the farm size modeled for each climate region was determined by
taking the average of the median farm size for all counties in the climate region. Appendix B
presents the farm sizes used in this assessment.
The regional environmental setting approach maintains the correlation between
conditions that are likely to occur together and prevents implausible combinations from being
chosen in the probabilistic assessment. Using this approach, a climatic region was randomly
selected for each iteration in the assessment, and all data for that iteration (climatic, soil, and
field size) were selected to be consistent with that geographic region.
1.4.1.2 Site Lay out Data. A generic site configuration including cropland, pastureland,
and a waterbody was used to model the land application scenario. Two site configurations were
used to represent two different types of waterbodies. In the first site configuration, depicted in
Figure 1-2, the waterbody is an "index reservoir." The index reservoir is represented by
The Census of Agriculture (U.S. DOC, 1994) provides periodic and comprehensive statistics about
agricultural operations, production, operators, and land use. It is conducted every 5 years for years ending in 2 and
7. Its coverage includes all operators of U.S. farms or ranches (Division A, SIC 01-02) that sold or normally would
have sold at least $1,000 worth of agricultural products during the census year. In 1992, approximately 1.9 million
operators produced $162 billion in crops and livestock.
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Agricultural Field
Crops Pasture
Index Reservoir
Drinking Water Only
Not to scale
Figure 1-2. Agricultural field index reservoir scenario.
Shipman City Lake in Shipman, Indiana.2 This reservoir has an area of 13 acres, a depth of 9 ft,
and a watershed area of 427 acres. These values remain constant in the assessment, and the same
index reservoir is assumed to occur in each of the 41 climate regions. The 427-acre watershed is
assumed to contain other farms (in addition to the modeled farm) that also apply sewage sludge.
These farms are assumed to occupy 10% to 80% of the 427-acre watershed. Drinking water
exposures are assessed using this index reservoir, which receives runoff from agricultural land to
which sewage sludge was applied as a fertilizer or soil amendment.
In the second site configuration, depicted in Figure 1-3, the waterbody is a farm pond.
The farm pond is used to evaluate ecological exposures as well as human exposures via fish
ingestion. The farm is assumed to be the total drainage basin for the farm pond. The area of the
farm pond is not constant but is assumed to have a drainage-area-to-capacity ratio of 5. The
farm pond depth is assumed to be constant at 9 ft; therefore, the area of the pond is proportional
to the farm area. The farm pond is assumed to be located within or immediately adjacent to the
farm, with the erosion and runoff from the agricultural land entering directly into the farm pond
(no buffer).
Agricultural Field
Not to scale
Figure 1-3. Agricultural field farm pond scenario.
EPA also selected Shipman City Lake as the index reservoir to use in modeling exposures to pesticides
from consumption of drinking water from surface water (U.S. EPA, 2001a).
KK)
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Both site configurations—the index reservoir and the farm pond—are described in
FIRST: A Screening Model to Estimate Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water (U.S. EPA,
200 la), which describes the characteristics of the drainage areas of both waterbodies.
1.4.2 Lagoon Scenario
For the lagoon scenario, only the meteorologic data used for air modeling are needed to
characterize the environmental setting.
The approach for the lagoon scenario consists of the following elements:
• Meteorological data were used from the meteorological station nearest to (and
most representative of) the actual location of each impoundment from the SIS
• A generic site layout was used to represent the risk to rural residents living at
various distances from disposal impoundments.
The meteorologic and climate data used in the assessment are dependent on the
impoundment location reported in the SIS. Data from the nearest, most representative
meteorological station were used.
Sewage sludge lagoons were assumed to be similar to nonaerated, nonhazardous surface
impoundments with long hydraulic residence times. These impoundments are assumed to be
located in a rural industrial setting where rural residents may (1) live within a distribution of
distances relatively close to the lagoon, (2) be exposed to ambient air contaminated by sludge
pollutants, and (3) ingest drinking water from residential groundwater wells. These residents
also use their residential wells as a source of tapwater for other household uses, such as
showering. Figure 1-4 depicts the lagoon scenario.
/V
Distance
to nearest
resident
Distance to nearest domestic well
Not to
scale
Figure 1-4. Sewage sludge lagoon scenario.
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
1.5 Conceptual Model
For both the agricultural land application and surface lagoon scenarios, conceptual
models were developed to define the sources, releases, exposure pathways, and receptors to be
addressed in the screening assessment. Figures 1-5 through 1-7 diagram these conceptual
models for the agricultural land application with farm pond, agricultural land application with
the index reservoir, and lagoon scenarios, respectively. These diagrams show how the data flow
from the source models, which calculate releases to the environment, to the environmental fate
and transport models, which calculate concentrations in the soil, sediment, surface water,
leachate, and air. These media concentrations are then used to estimate pollutant movement
through the food chain and finally exposures to human and ecological receptors.
Members of the human subpopulation defined as subject to reasonable maximum
exposure (RME) are farm families assumed to live on a farm and consume farm-raised foods
where land-applied sewage sludge is used as fertilizer or a soil amendment and, therefore, are
more highly exposed to sewage sludge than the general population. All of the ingestion
pathways (ingestion of food and water) were aggregated in the exposure models, where
appropriate, to estimate total ingestion hazards to humans in this screening assessment. The
ingestion and inhalation pathways were not aggregated. In this hazard screening assessment for
sewage sludge, exposure to humans via inhalation for the pollutants that have reference
concentration (RfC) values is negligible, as results indicate in the screen. The inhalation HQs
for this screening assessment are several orders of magnitude lower than ingestion HQs and,
thus, would not add meaningful results if aggregated. For the purposes of this screening
assessment, a pathway providing exposure approximately three orders of magnitude lower than
the predominant pathway (i.e., ingestion, in particular ingestion of drinking water) need not be
aggregated.
The Agency did not assess exposure pathways for wildlife in the sewage sludge lagoon
scenario (as a surface disposal unit) or the incineration scenario, but only in the land application
scenario. EPA estimates that less than one percent of the sewage sludge produced annually in
the United States is disposed of in surface disposal units, and approximately 17 percent is
disposed of by combustion in sewage sludge incinerators. Thus, these disposal methods involve
a relatively small proportion of total sewage sludge produced compared to land application of
sewage sludge. In addition, surface disposal sites generally are areas with poor ecological
habitat. Most of the sewage sludge produced in the United States goes to land application to
fertilize crops or as a soil amendment. Therefore, the Agency did not assess aquatic and
terrestrial wildlife exposure associated with surface disposal or incineration for this screening
assessment. The land application scenario, which includes the treated agricultural cropland and
pastureland and the farm pond, is more representative of wildlife habitat, and thus, where
ecological exposures are most likely to happen. Therefore, EPA believes that assessment of
wildlife exposure and hazard under the land application scenario is the most appropriate
assessment and is protective of wildlife.
1.6 Exposure Pathways
As shown in Figures 1-5 through 1-7, the human and ecological receptors identified in
the conceptual models for each of the sewage sludge management scenarios may be exposed
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
through various pathways. This section describes the exposure pathways addressed for each
receptor and scenario combination. More detailed information is provided in Appendices L
andN.
1.6.1 Land Application Scenario
For the land application scenario, the farm family is the exposed human population. The
ecological receptors for this scenario are terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species that frequent the
crop and pasture or that live in or near the farm pond. The exposure pathways for each of these
receptors are described in the following sections.
Human Receptors. The exposure pathways considered for the adult and child receptors
are presented in Table 1-3. In summary, families living near sewage sludge incinerators and
sewage-sludge lagoon, as well as farm families consuming food produced on sewage-sludge-
amended soil, were considered the affected populations in this exposure screening assessment.
For the agricultural land application scenario, human members of the subpopulation
defined as subject to RME are members of a farm family assumed to live on a farm and consume
farm-raised foods where land-applied sewage sludge is used as fertilizer or a soil amendment.
These individuals are more highly exposed to sewage sludge than the general population. In
addition, EPA assumed that a higher percentage of the farm family's diet consists of food grown
on sewage-sludge-amended soil. EPA also assumed that the adults on the farm consume fish
caught from a nearby waterbody (a pond) and that the farm family also raises a significant
portion of its fruit and vegetable diet on sewage-sludge-amended soils. In addition, the farm
family is exposed through drinking water or showering in either untreated surface water from an
index reservoir or groundwater from a residential well.
Table 1-3. Human Exposure Pathways
for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario
Receptor
Adult
farmer
Child
farm
resident
Inhalation
of Ambient
Air
•
•
Inhalation of
Shower Indoor
Air (Groundwater
or Surface Water)
•
•
Ingestion
of Soil
•
•
Ingestion of
Untreated
Drinking Water
(Groundwater
or Surface
Water -Index
Reservoir)
•
•
Ingestion of
Produce
•
•
Ingestion
of Beef
and Dairy
Products
•
•
Ingestion
of Fish
(Farm
Pond)
•
•
1-13
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Source
Release
Mechanism
Media
Exposure
Scenarios
Exposure Routes
Receptors
Runoff and erosion
Windblown particles —i
Volatilization
Leaching/infiltration
Contact with soil
J Ingestion of terrestrial
I plants and invertebrates
Contact with water
I Ingestion of aquatic
\ plants and invertebrates
Ingestion offish
Contact with sediment
Ingestion of produce,
meat, and milk
Ingestion of soil
Inhalation of ambient
air
Ingestion of tap
water
Inhalation of
indoor air
Soil invertebrate
community
Mammals and birds
Amphibians and
aquatic community
Mammals, birds,
aquatic community
Adult farmer, child
farmer, piscivorous
wildlife
Sediment invertebrate
community
Adult farmer
Child farm resident
Adult farmer
Adult farmer
Child farm resident
Adult farmer
Child farm resident
s
I'
I
I
Figure 1-5. Conceptual model for the agricultural land application scenario (with farm pond).
o'
s
-------
Source
Release
Mechanism
Media
Exposure
Scenarios
Exposure Routes Receptors
Runoff and
erosion
Soil
(buffer)
Windblown
particles
Volatilization
Ingestion of tap
water
Adult
Child
Inhalation of
volatiles in indoor
air due to
showering
Adult
Child
Air
s
I'
I
I
Figure 1-6. Conceptual model for exposure to household tapwater in the agricultural land application scenario
(with index reservoir).
o'
s
-------
Source
Sewage Sludge
Lagoon
Release .. , Exposure Exposure ,_, .
.. , . Media „ . ,_, . Receptors
Mechanism Scenarios Routes
Leaching/ Cround-atcr fe» Drinking well 1 1 water
infiltration water
I Inhalation of
| 1 volatiles in indoor Adult
\ air due to
[ showering Chlld
r , , , .. , Adult
. .. . .... .. _ .. ^ _ ., _ Inhalation of
». .olatil^ation + .« + Residence > ^ ambient air Chj|d
i
s
1'
1'
a
s
Figure 1-7. Conceptual model for sewage sludge lagoon.
o'
s
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Ecological Receptors. The ecological receptors considered in the land application
scenario are assumed to be exposed on the farmland and in the farm pond. The exposure
pathways assessed include direct exposure through contact with contaminated media and indirect
exposure through ingestion of contaminated food and surface water. The environmental media
assessed are soil, sediment, and surface water. Table 1-4 shows the pathways assessed for the
different ecological receptors.
Table 1-4. Exposure Pathways for Wildlife Speciesa
Receptor
Fish
Aquatic invertebrates
Aquatic plants
Amphibians
Aquatic community
Sediment biota
Soil invertebrates
Mammals
Birds
Direct Contact
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Direct Contact Medium
Surface water (farm pond)
Surface water (farm pond)
Surface water (farm pond)
Surface water (farm pond)
Surface water (farm pond)
Sediment (farm pond)
Soil (agricultural field)
Ingestion
•
•
Sediment biota organisms include sediment invertebrates; aquatic community
organisms include fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, and amphibians; soil biota
organisms include soil invertebrates. Individual mammal and bird species assessed are
listed in Table 1-6 and are exposed through ingestion of contaminated terrestrial and
aquatic prey and food items.
1.6.2 Lagoon Scenario
The exposed human population for the sewage sludge lagoon scenario is a family living
near a facility with a sludge lagoon. This family has a residential drinking water well. The
exposure pathways for adults and children in the sewage sludge lagoon scenario are presented in
Table 1-5.
Ecological receptors are not considered in this scenario.
Table 1-5. Human Exposure Pathways for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
Receptor
Adult resident
Child resident
Inhalation of
Ambient Air
•
•
Inhalation of
Indoor Shower Air
(Groundwater)
•
•
Ingestion of
Drinking Water
(Groundwater )
•
•
1-17
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
1.7 Receptors
This screening assessment considers both human and ecological receptors in the
agricultural application scenario. Only human receptors are considered in the sludge lagoon
scenario.
1.7.1 Agricultural Land Application Scenario
In this screening assessment, as stated above in Section 1.6, the receptors considered in
the agricultural application scenario include members of the farm family who apply sewage
sludge on their farms and ecological receptors who live on or near the farm.
Human Receptors (Adult Farmer and Child Farm Resident). For the agricultural land
application scenario, human members of the subpopulation defined as subject to RME are
members of a farm family assumed to live on a farm and consume farm-raised foods where land-
applied sewage sludge is used as fertilizer or a soil amendment. These individuals are more
highly exposed to sewage sludge than the general population. In addition, EPA assumed that a
higher percentage of the farm family's diet consists of food grown on sewage-sludge-amended
soil. EPA also assumed that the adults on the farm consume fish caught from a nearby
waterbody (a pond) and that the farm family also raises a significant portion of its fruit and
vegetable diet on sewage-sludge-amended soils. In addition, the farm family is exposed through
drinking water or showering (inhalation exposure) in either untreated surface water from an
index reservoir or groundwater from a residential well.
Both adult and child members of a farm family are assumed to be exposed to
contaminants through the application of sewage sludge to their own farm. The farm family is
assumed to be living on the farm during the time that sludge is applied. The adults are assumed
to be 20 years old or older when exposure begins, and the children in the farm family are
assumed to begin exposure at 1 year of age.
Ecological Receptors. Ecological receptors include invertebrate and vertebrate animals
and plants that may be exposed to contaminants through the agricultural application of sewage
sludge. Ecological receptors are assumed to be exposed in the cropland and pasture and in the
farm pond; therefore, both aquatic and terrestrial receptors were assessed. Two general types of
receptors were included: single species, such as the raccoon or the red tail hawk, and
assemblages of species, or communities, such as soil invertebrates. Tables 1-6 and 1-7 show the
36 ecological receptors considered in this assessment.
1-18
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Table 1-6. Ecological Receptors—Mammal and Bird Wildlife Species
Species
American kestrel
American robin
American woodcock
Belted kingfisher
Black bear
Canada goose
Cooper's hawk
Coyote
Deer mouse
Eastern cottontail rabbit
Great blue heron
Green heron
Least weasel
Little brown bat
Long-tailed weasel
Mallard
Meadow vole
Mink
Muskrat
Northern bobwhite
Prairie vole
Raccoon
Red fox
Red-tailed hawk
Short-tailed shrew
Short-tailed weasel
Tree swallow
Western meadowlark
White-tailed deer
Scientific Name
Falco sparverlus
Turdus migratorius
Scolopax minor
Ceryle alcyon
Ursus americanus
Branta canadensis
Accipiter cooperi
Canis latrans
Peromyscus maniculatus
Sylvilagus floridanus
Ardea herodias
Butorides virescens
Mustela nivalis
Myotis lucifugus
Mustela frenata
Anas platyrhynchos
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Mustela vison
Ondatra zibethicus
Colinus virginianus
Microtus ochrogaster
Procyon lotor
Vulpes vulpes
Buteo jamaicensis
Blarina brevicauda
Mustela erminea
Tachycineta bicolor
Sturnella neglecta
Odocoileus virginianus
Feeding
Guild3
C
O
O
O
O
H
C
O
O
H
O
O
C
I
C
O
H
C
H
O
H
O
O
C
O
C
O
O
H
Trophic
Level"
T2
T2
T2
T2
T3
Tl
T3
T3
T2
Tl
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
Tl
T2
Tl
T2
Tl
T2
T3
T3
T2
T2
T2
T2
Tl
a Feeding guild: C = carnivore, H = herbivore, I = insectivore, O = omnivore.
b Trophic level: Tl = prey, not a predator; T2 = both a predator and prey; T3 = a top predator, not prey.
1-19
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Table 1-7. Ecological Receptors—Communities
Receptor
Fish
Aquatic invertebrates
Aquatic plants
Amphibians
Aquatic community
Sediment invertebrates
Soil invertebrates
Environmental Medium/Location
Surface water/farm pond
Surface water/farm pond
Surface water/farm pond
Surface water/farm pond
Surface water/farm pond
Sediment/farm pond
Soil/agricultural fields
Screening assessments often address a few selected receptors known to be highly
exposed to the pollutants of interest. For example, the phase 1 screening for dioxins in
land-applied sewage sludge assessed risks to four receptors whose diets consist primarily offish
or sediment and soil invertebrates. Dioxin congeners are known to bioaccumulate in these food
items, and these receptors were assumed to reflect high exposure levels. However, for this
assessment, 40 different pollutants were assessed, including metals, pesticides, and other
organics, and exposure pathways of concern included ingestion, as well as direct contact in three
different environmental media (soil, sediment, and surface water).
Selecting a small group of receptors known to reflect the highest exposure levels for all
pollutants and pathways was not possible because of the wide range in chemical properties.
Therefore, the approach adopted was to assess receptors covering all trophic levels (Tl through
T3) and feeding guilds (herbivory, omnivory, and carnivory) likely to occur in an agricultural
setting and to include both mammals and birds for as many trophic level-feeding guild
combinations as possible. Receptor species were selected based on feeding and foraging habitat.
Wildlife species are assumed to spend 100 percent of their time on the farm following
application of sewage sludge. Thus, 100 percent of their diet comprises contaminated food
items. Animals that are expected to derive a significant portion of their diet from a farm scenario
were included, as well as those that feed in and around farm ponds. In addition, species with
broad distribution across the United States were selected to the extent possible. Feeding guilds
were used to indicate diet preference, and trophic levels indicate placement on the food chain.
1.7.2 Lagoon Scenario (Human Only)
For the surface disposal unit scenario, EPA defined RME as exposure to a rural family
living near a sewage sludge lagoon. This family is exposed through the ambient air and through
the ingestion of drinking water and showering with tapwater from a residential drinking water
well. There are no ecological receptors in this scenario.
1-20
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
1.8 Endpoint Selection
The endpoints selected for the screening assessment were chosen based on the most
restrictive benchmarks available for each pollutant to be screened for both human receptors and
ecological receptors. The selected endpoints are described in the following sections.
1.8.1 Human Health Benchmarks
The human health benchmarks selected for evaluation in the sewage sludge screening
assessment include both cancer and noncancer benchmarks. HHBs were considered available for
the screening assessment only if the HHB is posted on the IRIS Web site or a reregi strati on
eligibility decision (RED) or interim reregi strati on eligibility decision (IRED) document is
signed and posted on OPP's Web site. These databases are readily available to the public,
provide a detailed explanation of the scientific basis of the health assessment, and are likely to be
relatively stable (i.e., not subject to change before the next 2-year sewage sludge review cycle).
In the screening assessment, an OPP health assessment of a pesticide registered for food
uses took precedence over an IRIS assessment of the same pesticide. For all other pollutants, the
IRIS benchmark was used.
HHBs developed by IRIS and OPP used in this screening assessment include chronic
reference doses (RfDs), chronic population adjusted doses (PADs), inhalation reference
concentrations (RfCs), oral cancer slope factors (CSFs), and inhalation air unit risk factors
(AURs). Table 1-8 presents the various HHBs available for the 40 chemicals selected for
exposure and hazard screening.
Table 1-8. Human Health Benchmarks for Pollutants Selected for
the Sewage Sludge Exposure and Hazard Screening Assessment
Chemical
Acetone
Acetophenone
Anthracene
Azinphos methyl
Barium
Benzoic acid
Beryllium
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chloroaniline, 4-
Chlorobenzene; phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
CASRN
67-64-1
98-86-2
120-12-7
86-50-0
7440-39-3
65-85-0
7440-41-7
92-52-4
85-68-7
75-15-0
106-47-8
108-90-7
510-15-6
RfD
(mg/kg/d)
0.9
0.1
0.3
0.0015
0.07
4.0
0.002
0.05
0.2
0.1
0.004
0.02
0.02
PAD
(mg/kg/d)
0.0015
CSFo
(mg/kg/d)1
RfC
(mg/m3)
0.0022
0.00002
0.7
AUR
(jig/m3)1
0.0024
Source
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
OPP
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
(continued)
1-21
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Section 1.0
Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
Table 1-8. (continued)
Chemical
Chlorpyrifos
Cresol, o- (2-methylphenol)
Diazinon
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
Dichloromethane
Dioxane, 1,4-
Endrin
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl
phenylphosphorothioate; EPN;
Santox
Fluoranthene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Isobutyl alcohol
Manganese
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK);
Methyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Naled
Nitrate
Nitrite
N-Nitro so dipheny lamine
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid,
2-(2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Trifluralin
Xylenes (mixture)
CASRN
2921-88-2
95-48-7
333-41-5
156-60-5
75-09-2
123-91-1
72-20-8
2104-64-5
206-44-0
319-84-6
319-85-7
78-83-1
7439-96-5
78-93-3
108-10-1
300-76-5
14797-55-8
14797-65-0
86-30-6
108-95-2
129-00-0
7440-22-4
75-69-4
93-72-1
93-76-5
1582-09-8
1330-20-7
RfD
(mg/kg/d)
0.0003
0.05
0.0002
0.02
0.06
0.0003
0.00001
0.04
0.3
PAD
(mg/kg/d)
0.00003
0.0002
CSFo
(mg/kg/d)1
0.0075
0.011
6.3
1.8
0.14 (food);0.047 (water, soil)
0.6
0.002
1.6
0.1
0.3
0.03
0.005
0.3
0.008
0.01
0.024
0.2
0.002
0.0049
0.0077
RfC
(mg/m3)
0.00005
0.00006
0.00005
5
3.0
0.0004
0.1
AUR
(jig/m3)1
0.00000047
0.0018
0.00053
Source
OPP
IRIS
OPP
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
OPP
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
OPP
IRIS
RfD = reference dose; PAD = population-adjusted dose; CSFo = oral cancer slope factor;
RfC = reference concentration; AUR = air unit risk factor
1.8.2 Ecological Endpoints
For an ecological screening assessment, endpoints are defined as "explicit expressions of
the actual environmental value that is to be protected" (U.S. EPA, 1998). The values to be
protected for this assessment are viable wildlife populations and ecological communities.
However, in many cases, available ecotoxicological data do not directly address population- or
community-level effects (e.g., resource availability, age structure, or predator-prey
1-22
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
relationships). Particularly for the ingestion pathways, available data provide information on
effects on individual organisms, such as reproductive or developmental effects or mortality.
Therefore, benchmarks were selected that reflect effects that can be related to population
viability.
Effects on reproductive success and growth and development are generally recognized as
relevant to population and community viability, and these were the preferred endpoints when
selecting ecological benchmarks. On the other hand, effects such as liver damage are not
necessarily indicative of population-level effects and were not used to develop ecological
benchmarks. Thus, many of the available mammalian toxicological data used for HHBs are not
considered useful for ecological benchmarks. This approach assumes that if individuals are
protected from adverse reproductive and developmental effects, protection at the population and
community levels is inferred.
For many of the chemicals assessed, particularly the pesticides, the only ecotoxicological
data identified were for mortality endpoints (e.g., lethal dose 50 [LD50] and lethal concentration
50 [LC50] values reflecting levels at which 50% of the test subjects died). In general, such data
are not considered sufficiently protective for a screening-level assessment, but in the absence of
other benchmarks, lethality endpoints do provide a basis for assessment. Therefore, benchmarks
based on mortality endpoints were included in the ecological screening when more appropriate
data could not be identified. Appendix P provides the critical endpoint that served as the basis
for each benchmark used in the assessment. Further discussion of methods for selecting
benchmark data is presented in Section 2.5.2, Ecological Screening Criteria.
1.9 Analysis Plan
The analysis plan describes how the relationships among the sources, release
mechanisms, exposure scenarios, receptors, and benchmarks were considered in the analysis
phase of the risk-based screening assessment. The plan includes the rationale behind the
relationships that are addressed and the methods, models, data gaps, and uncertainties associated
with the data and models. Because this is the first step in a tiered assessment, many of these data
gaps and model uncertainties may be addressed in subsequent stages of the analysis.
1.9.1 Probabilistic Approach
EPA adopted a probabilistic approach for this assessment (see Section 2.1) to capture the
nationwide variability in human and ecological exposures associated with sewage sludge
management. This approach was consistent with EPA's probabilistic risk assessment guidance.
The probabilistic approach involves running the modeling system for 3,000 iterations for each
scenario and chemical of concern in sewage sludge. By varying model inputs across these
iterations, the assessment captures the regional and national variability in site conditions, sludge
management operations, exposure factors, receptor locations, and other factors that affect how
people and organisms are exposed to pollutants in sewage sludge.
Within this probabilistic framework, each iteration is a predetermined deterministic
calculation of the model. The approach is implemented by setting up input files prior to the
assessment that include data that are randomly selected based on the regional setting and
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
scenario selected for each iteration. Chemical-specific data are generally constant across all
iterations3 and are not correlated with other input parameters.
The primary constraint for other parameters in the assessment is the source location. For
the agricultural land scenario, the location is determined by randomly selecting a climate station
for each iteration. The selection of a climate station limits regionally collected data, which
include soil data, long-term climate data, daily meteorological data, and farm size data.
For the lagoon scenario, a surface impoundment is randomly selected from the SIS
survey database4, and the SIS survey database is used to provide site-specific data (e.g.,
meterological data and surface impoundment dimensions) for that impoundment.
The probabilistic assessment cycles through the types of receptors addressed in the
assessment, including adult and child receptors and ecological receptors. Receptor type
determines the exposure factors used in the assessment. Receptor type and exposure factors are
not specific to location and, for the human health assessment, are varied nationally. Exposure
factors are randomly chosen for each iteration and are not correlated with each other or with
geographic locations. Ecological receptors' exposure factors are set at median values and are not
varied.
All parameters are selected prior to the assessment and, except for the chemical-specific
inputs, the same 3,000-record input data set is used for each chemical addressed in the
assessment. This will allow additive risk across chemicals to be considered in subsequent
analyses.
1.9.2 Source Modeling
The source modeling simulates the release of pollutants as a result of the management of
sewage sludge in lagoons or by application to agricultural land. The source models consider
releases of pollutants to the environment through volatilization, and leaching to groundwater
from lagoons. In the case of application of sludge to agricultural land, erosion from the
agricultural land to nearby land and waterbodies is also modeled. The source modeling
considers the environmental setting for each sludge management location modeled. Both source
models used in this assessment were developed for EPA OSW to estimate releases from waste
management units (WMUs) for the identification of hazardous wastes. These models have been
peer reviewed and verified for accuracy. More details on each of the models can be found in
Section 2.2 and in Appendices G and H.
3 Metal partition coefficients are varied using empirical distributions and are the only variable chemical-
specific inputs.
4 Surface impoundments were selected from the subset of nonaerated SIS surface impoundments with
waste residence times of 2 years or more.
"U24
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
1.9.3 Fate and Transport Modeling
The fate and transport modeling addresses the movement of pollutants through the
environment once they are released from the agriculture field or lagoon. The air model used in
this assessment is the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Model, Version 3 (ISCST3).
ISCST3 is a steady-state Gaussian plume model used for modeling concentration, dry deposition,
and wet deposition from point, area, volume, and open-pit sources; it was designed primarily to
support EPA's regulatory modeling programs.
The agricultural land application source model also estimates erosion of soil runoff of
pollutants from the agricultural land directly to the farm pond or through the buffer to the nearby
index reservoir. The index reservoir drains a larger watershed area that also contains other
agricultural land amended with sewage sludge. The additional contribution of pollutant to the
index reservoir from these other areas of agricultural land application is estimated by extending
the pollutant concentrations estimated from modeling of the primary farm to the entire
watershed. The agricultural land application source model also estimates leachate concentrations
at a depth of 1 m under the agricultural land. This leachate concentration is used as the
concentration in the residential well that may be used as a drinking water source and as a source
for tapwater used for showering. The ISCST3 air modeling was performed for these specific
farm areas and locations as a part of the exposure assessment conducted for dioxins in sewage
sludge applied to agricultural land, and the dispersion and deposition factors developed for that
assessment were used.
The surface impoundment source model used to simulate sewage sludge lagoons
estimates emissions of pollutants in vapor form to air and leaching of pollutants to groundwater.
The modeling of vapors emitted from surface impoundments in specific locations was performed
in support of Industrial Waste Air (IWAIR) model development. As with the sludge-amended
land, the concentration of pollutants in the leachate under the surface impoundment is adjusted to
represent dilution by ambient groundwater by using a protective dilution-attenuation factor
(DAF). The residential well is assumed to be used as a source of drinking water and as a source
for other household uses, such as showering.
1.9.4 Human Exposure Modeling
The outputs from the fate and transport model are used to estimate the amount of each
pollutant to which the farm family or residents are exposed. In the agricultural scenario, farm
family members are assumed to consume homegrown produce and animal products as a
substantial portion (up to 49 percent) of their diet. After the fate and transport models have
predicted concentrations of pollutants in the air, soil, water, and sediment, pollutant
concentrations are calculated in food chain items.
Pollutants in air may be deposited on plants growing in the agricultural field.
Simultaneously, these plants may take up pollutants from the soil. Plants thus accumulate
pollutants from both routes (from air and soil) into the fruits and vegetables consumed by the
farm family. In addition, beef and dairy cattle may consume forage and silage that are grown on
a sludge-amended farm. Subsequently, the farm family may consume home-produced beef and
dairy products from these animals. In addition, pollutants applied to the farm may erode and run
-------
Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
off into the farm pond and accumulate in fish. The fish in the farm pond may be caught and
consumed by members of the farm family. Family members are also assumed to incidentally
ingest soil from the crop area close to their house and to drink and shower with water from either
the index reservoir or an onsite residential well. In addition, the farm family breathes the
ambient air on the farm.
The residents who live near the sewage sludge lagoon are assumed to drink and shower
with water from an onsite residential well and to breathe the ambient air at their residential
location. Section 2.4.1 describes the human exposure modeling conducted for this assessment.
1.9.5 Ecological Exposure Modeling
Ecological receptors occur only in the agricultural application scenario. For the
screening assessment, it is assumed that 100 percent of receptors' diets comes from the farm
pond and farm fields where sludge is applied. The aquatic receptors (aquatic community,
aquatic plants, aquatic and benthic invertebrates, amphibians, and fish) are exposed in the farm
pond. The terrestrial receptors (mammals, birds, and soil invertebrates) feed and forage on the
crop field and pasture. In addition, some of the mammals and birds eat fish, benthic organisms
(e.g., mussels and insect larvae), and aquatic plants from the farm pond. The concentrations in
the soil, water, and vegetation to which the ecological receptors are exposed are the same as
those calculated for the human health modeling. In addition, the surface water model generates
sediment concentrations for the ecological exposure modeling. There are no ecological receptors
associated with the index reservoir or the sewage sludge lagoon. The farm pond is considered to
be a representative and protective scenario for evaluating exposures to ecological receptors (see
discussion in Section 1.5). Section 2.4.2 describes the ecological exposure modeling conducted
for this assessment.
1.9.6 Screening Criteria Development
The screening criteria for this assessment are based on both cancer and noncancer effects
for human receptors and on effects relevant to population sustainability and community structure
and function for ecological receptors. Criteria were developed for several key exposure
pathways, including ingestion, inhalation (human health only), and direct contact (ecological risk
only). These screening criteria are intended for use in the risk estimation by comparing each
receptor-specific criterion (in units of dose or concentration) to the dose or concentration, as
appropriate, predicted by the model.
The screening criteria used in this assessment are critical doses (CDs) or critical
concentrations (CCs). The CCs are used as an air pathway criterion. For air exposures to
pollutants with noncancer endpoints, the CC is the RfC as reported in IRIS. For air exposures to
pollutants with cancer endpoints, the CC is associated with a risk of 1E-5, based on the AUR. If
a pollutant has both a cancer and a noncancer inhalation benchmark, the lower CC calculated by
these methods is the CC used as the screening criterion.
The screening criterion used for the ingestion pathways is the CD. For ingestion
exposures to pollutants with noncancer endpoints, the CD is the RfD reported in IRIS or the RfD
or the PAD reported in the RED and IRED documents issued by OPP. For ingestion exposures
"U26
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Section 1.0 Planning, Scoping, and Problem Formulation
to pollutants with cancer endpoints, the CD is calculated as the dose that yields a cancer risk
level of 1E-5 (1 in 100,000) over a lifetime (this dose is calculated as 1E-5/CSF oral).
For ecological receptors, CDs were used for ingestion pathways (i.e., for mammals and
birds), whereas CCs were used for direct contact exposures (e.g., fish and aquatic invertebrates).
Additional detail on the development of screening criteria for this screening assessment can be
found in Section 2.5.
1-27
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
2.0 Analysis Phase
The problem formulation phase presented in Section 1 provides the blueprint for the
analysis phase of the screening assessment. As discussed in Section 1, EPA adopted a
probabilistic approach for this assessment to capture the national variability in human and
ecological exposures associated with sewage sludge managed through application to agricultural
lands and disposal in sewage sludge lagoons. Section 2.1 describes the framework for the
probabilistic assessment of chemicals of concern in sewage sludge, a simulation consisting of
3,000 iterations that varies data on region, waste management characteristics, exposure factors,
receptor locations, and other variable input parameters to the model. Sections 2.2 through 2.5
describe the technical approach, assumptions, and data for the major modeling components (i.e.,
source; fate and transport; and exposure) and the development of screening criteria.
2.1 Probabilistic Modeling Framework
For each scenario and chemical evaluated, the screening analysis used 3,000 iterations of
the probabilistic analysis. The analysis was implemented using a looping structure developed
and applied for the agricultural land and lagoon scenarios as shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2,
respectively.
In this analysis, all chemical-specific parameters were assumed constant, with the
exception of partition coefficients (Kd values) for metals, which were randomly sampled from
empirical distributions during construction of the input files. Chemical inputs were not assumed
to be correlated with other parameters.
For the agricultural land scenario, the location was determined by randomly selecting a
climate station for each of the 3,000 iterations. For the lagoon scenario, a surface impoundment
was randomly selected from the SIS survey database1, and the location of that surface
impoundment was used to determine the climate station for that iteration.
1 Surface impoundments were selected from the subset of nonaerated SIS surface impoundments with
waste residence times of 2 years or greater.
2-1
-------
Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
SourcelD = Agricultural Application
Chemical (CAS) Loop (63 chemicals)
RunID Loop (3,000 iterations)
—* SourceType Loop (crop, pasture)
Call Source Module and calculate emission rates; soil concentrations due to sludge
application and runoff and erosion in field (crop and pasture), buffer, RVt/S; and
loading to index reservoir and farm pond for 150 years
Call Media Module and calculate ambient air concencentrations and air deposition rates,
then estimate concentrations due to depositions on the field, buffer, and
watershed for 1 50 years
Add the concentrations from application, erosion, and runoff to the concentrations from
deposition
Next SourceType
he concentrations from ail sources (crop and pasture)
Call Food Module and calculate concentrations for food items for 150 years
Call Dynamic Waterbody Module and calculate concentrations in index reservoir and
farm pond for 150 years
Call Shower Module to calculate indoor air concentrations due to showering
Human Receptor Loop (adult farmer, child farmer)
Select pathviays and exposure data based on human receptor type
Select first year of exposure randomly from 1 to 40
For Adult Receptor
Calculate average concentrations over ED for LADD
Calculate ADD based on maximum annual concentration
Calculate LADD based on average concentrations over exposure duration
For Child Receptor
Age Child Through Cohort Loop
Calculate average concentrations over each cohort ED
Calculate cohort ADD based on maximum annual concentration for each cohort
Next Cohort
Calculate LADD based on time weighted ADD
Calculate ADD based on rnaxmurn annual concentration
Call Human Exposure Module and calculate ADD and LADD for each pathway, then the
ratios to the critical doses. Also calculate the ratios of the ambient and indoor air
concentrations to the inhalation benchmarks.
Next Human Receptor
Eco Receptor Loop (36 eco receptors)
Select pathways and eco exposure data based on eco receptor type
Call Eco Exposure Module to calculate doses and the ratios to the eco
benchmarks for dose. Also calculate the ratios of media concentrations to
the eco benchmarks for concentrations
Next Eco Receptor
— Next RunID
Next Chemical
Figure 2-1. Looping structure for agricultural land application modeling.
2-2
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
SourcelD = Sludge Disposal Lagoon
Chemical (CAS) Loop (63 chemicals)
Run ID Loop (3,000 iterations)
Select a surface impoundment ID and associated site from SIS
Call Source Module and calculate time series annual leachate concentrations and emissions for
50 years
Calculate groundwater concentrations using DAF = 2
Call Shower Module and calculate indoor air concentrations due to showering
Select distance to air modeling receptor, select maximum unitized air concentration for distance,
calculate time series annual ambient air concentration.
Determine maximum years of groundwater, indoor air, and ambient air concentrations
Receptor Loop (adult resident, child resident)
Select pathways and exposure data based on human receptor type
Select the first and last year of exposure around the year with the maximum groundwater
concentration and the maximum ambient air concentration.
Calculate average ambient air and indoor air concentrations around the max year using ED
For Adult Receptor
Calculate average groundwater concentrations over ED for LADD
Calculate ADD based on maximum annual groundwater concentration
Calculate LADD based on average groundwater concentrations over exposure duration
For Child Receptor
> Age Child Through Cohort Loop
Calculate average groundwater concentrations over each cohort ED
Calculate cohort ADD based on maximum annual concentration for each cohort
Calculate LADD based on time weighted ADD
Next Cohort
Call Human Exposure Module and calculate the ratios of ADD and
LADD to the critical doses. Also calculate the ratios of ambient
air concentrations and indoor air concentrations to the inhalation
benchmarks.
Next Receptor
Next RunID
Next Chemical
Figure 2-2. Looping structure for sewage sludge lagoons.
2-3
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
The selection of a climate station limits regionally collected data (e.g., soil data,
meteorological data, farm size) to conditions prevalent in the selected climate region. For soils,
the probability of selecting a particular soil type was dependent on the prevalence of that soil
type within the climate region. The remainder of the regional data were held constant for all
iterations for a climate region. These data are the long-term climate data, the daily
meteorological data, source area (farm area and surface impoundment area), and air modeling
data (dispersion and deposition results that depend on the meteorological data and the source
area).
The next loop in the probabilistic analysis cycled through the types of receptors
addressed in the analysis. The model considered both adult and child receptors. The receptor
type determined the exposure factors used in the analysis. Receptor type and exposure factors
were not specific to location2; as a result, any receptor could be present at any location with any
applicable exposure parameter values. This assumption applies to ecological receptors and to
humans. Although some of the ecological receptors are not distributed throughout the United
States (e.g., eastern cottontail rabbit), the species included were selected to provide as broad a
distribution as possible. They are considered representative of receptors that would be exposed
throughout the United States. Receptor-specific exposure factors include exposure duration, the
year that exposure starts (for the agricultural scenario), dietary consumption rates, ingestion and
inhalation rates, individual body weight, and showering parameters (e.g., shower duration). A
set of adult and child exposure parameters was chosen for each iteration. Exposure parameters
were not correlated with each other or with geographic locations. Ecological exposure factors
were set at median values and were not varied.
All parameters were selected prior to the analysis and all 3,000 sets of selected
parameters were placed in a database according to run number. For each chemical, the model
stepped through the run numbers, using the selected parameters to calculate results for each of
3,000 iterations. In this way, the same non-chemical-specific parameters were used for each
iteration of the analysis for every chemical. Thus, if it is appropriate to add the effects of
different chemicals together (e.g., for carcinogens or chemicals with noncancer effects on the
same target organ), the results can be summed on an iteration-by-iteration basis.
2.2 Source Modeling
Modeling the release of pollutants from the agricultural land and the sewage sludge
lagoon requires models that are specific to these management practices. This section describes
how the source models were applied in the screening analysis.
2.2.1 Modeling Agricultural Fields
Chemical releases from agricultural fields to surrounding media were simulated using a
modified version of the land application unit (LAU) model initially developed as part of the
Multimedia, Multipathway, Multireceptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) modeling system (U.S.
Human exposure factors are selected from national distributions developed from data in EPA's Exposure
Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c). Ecological exposure factors are taken from EPA's Wildlife Exposure
Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1996), as well as several other sources, as described in Appendix N.
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
EPA, 2002b). An overview of the LAU model is presented in the following sections.
Appendix H describes the important assumptions inherent in the LAU modeling approach, the
fundamental fate and transport algorithms (the Generic Soil Column Model [GSCM]), its
hydrology and soil erosion methodologies, the methods for estimating particulate emissions to
the atmosphere, and modifications required to execute the LAU model for purposes of this
analysis.
The inputs to the LAU model include
Physical and chemical properties of the pollutant
Size of the agricultural field
Characteristics of the sludge (e.g., percent solids, bulk density, foe)
Soil and climate conditions at the farm site
Daily meteorologic data at the farm site
Agricultural practices (e.g., application rate, tilling frequency)
Site geometry (e.g., location of waterbody with respect to agricultural land).
The LAU model uses these inputs to estimate the vertical movement of the pollutants
within the agricultural land (releases through leaching to groundwater), volatile and particle
releases to the air, and horizontal movement of pollutants (runoff and erosion from the
agricultural land across any buffer area to a nearby waterbody). These estimates are made using
the GSCM as the computational engine. The particle emissions from the agricultural land as a
result of tilling operations and wind erosion are estimated using equations based on empirical
relationships developed by EPA in 1986 (updated, U.S. EPA, 1995a) and by Cowherd et al.
(1985), and summarized in U.S. EPA (1995b). The model considers losses from the agricultural
land due to hydrolysis and biodegradation, as well as leaching and volatilization.
The outputs of the agricultural application source model are:
• Annual vertical profile of the concentration of the pollutant in the soil of the
agricultural land and buffer due to application of sewage sludge before the air
deposition of pollutants
• Annual emission of volatile pollutants from the surface of the agricultural land
• Annual emission of pollutants sorbed to particles from the surface of the
agricultural land due to tilling and wind erosion
• Daily concentrations and mass of soil eroded from the agricultural land (used in
calculating the load to the farm pond or to the buffer)
• Daily concentrations and mass of soil eroded from the buffer area (used in
calculating the load to the farm pond)
• Daily concentrations and volume of runoff from the agricultural land (used in
calculating the load to the farm pond or to the buffer)
2-5
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
• Daily concentrations and volume of runoff from the buffer area (used in
calculating the load to the farm pond)
• Annual infiltration rate of water from the agricultural land
• Annual leachate flux of pollutant from the agricultural land.
2.2.2 Modeling Sewage Sludge Lagoons
A lagoon of the type used to manage sewage sludge can be represented as a surface
impoundment for modeling purposes. This screening assessment used a surface impoundment
model initially developed for the 3MRA modeling system (U.S. EPA, 2002b) to estimate
releases to the environment through the emission of volatile pollutants to the air and through the
leaching of soluble pollutants to the groundwater. Appendix G provides a detailed description of
the background and application of the surface impoundment model.
The surface impoundment model predicts emissions under normal operating conditions;
the model does not estimate emissions due to overflows or structural failures of the
impoundment. Emissions are assumed to occur only while the surface impoundment is
operational; thus, pollutant releases are calculated for 50 years, which is the assumed operational
life of sewage sludge lagoons. The surface impoundment model uses the following types of
inputs to estimate environmental releases:
• Physical and chemical properties of the pollutant
• Characteristics of the sludge (e.g., percent solids, bulk density, foe)
• Size and characteristics of the lagoon
• Soil and climate conditions at the site of the lagoon.
The specific inputs and the data used in the surface impoundment source model are found
in Appendix G. The surface impoundment model uses these data and considers losses in the
impoundment due to hydrolysis, biodegradation, and the partitioning to and settling of suspended
solids. The model takes into consideration the effects of environmental and waste temperatures
on the fate of chemicals in the impoundment.
The outputs from the surface impoundment model include the following:
• Emission rates for volatile constituents from the surface of the lagoon
• Infiltration rate of liquid from the lagoon
• Leachate flux of pollutant from the lagoon.
The leachate flux and the infiltration rate are used to calculate the concentration of the pollutant
in the leachate released from the bottom of the lagoon.
2.3 Fate and Transport Modeling
This section describes the methodology and the models used to predict the fate and
transport of pollutants in the environment after release from the agricultural land or lagoon.
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
Once pollutants are released, they move through the environment by the natural
processes depicted in Figure 2-3. The purpose of the fate and transport modeling is to estimate
the concentrations of pollutants in environmental media (i.e., air, soil, and food items) at the
point of exposure. To predict a pollutant's movement through these different media, several
media-specific fate and transport models are employed. Fate and transport models are a
series of either computer-based algorithms or sets of equations that predict chemical movement
due to natural forces. These fate and transport models integrate information on a site's geology,
hydrology, and meteorology with chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place in
the environment. The result is a simulation of chemical movement in the environment and a
prediction of the concentration of a chemical at specific locations called the "exposure points."
Volatilization
Participate
emissions
Biochemical
degradation
Biochemical
degradation
O
Leaching
Figure 2-3. Emissions mechanisms in the local watershed.
The following fate and transport models were used for this analysis:
• Air dispersion and deposition model (ISCST3)
• Watershed and waterbody models
• Dilution-attenuation factor for groundwater transport
• Food chain model.
These models and the general framework for performing the fate and transport modeling
are described in the following sections. Section 2.3.1 discusses the air dispersion and deposition
modeling. Section 2.3.2 describes the watershed and waterbody model used to determine
watershed soil, farm pond, and index reservoir pollutant concentrations, along with the approach
used to estimate groundwater concentrations. Detailed descriptions of the models and a
comprehensive list of the input values used in them can be found in Appendices I, J, and K. The
calculations of the food chain model are based on these media concentrations and are presented
2-7
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
in Section 2.3.3. Section 2.3.4 describes the aquatic food web calculation used in the ecological
assessment.
2.3.1 Air Dispersion and Deposition Modeling (ISCST3)
Dispersion modeling uses a computer-based set of calculations to estimate ambient
ground-level constituent concentrations associated with constituent releases from sewage sludge
management practices. The dispersion model uses information on meteorology (e.g., windspeed,
wind direction, temperature) to estimate the movement of pollutants through the atmosphere.
Movement downwind is largely determined by windspeed and wind direction. Dispersion
around the centerline of the plume is estimated using empirically derived dispersion coefficients
that account for movement of pollutants in the horizontal and vertical directions. In addition,
pollutant movement from the atmosphere to the ground is also modeled to account for deposition
processes driven by gravitational settling and removal by precipitation.
The inputs to the air dispersion and deposition model include
• Surface area of the agriculture field or lagoon
• Meteorologic data for the site of the farm or lagoon
• Locations of potential receptors.
The input data and the resulting unitized air concentrations used in this analysis for the air
dispersion modeling (for the sewage sludge lagoons) are provided in Appendix I.
The air dispersion and deposition modeling conducted for this analysis produced output
data that were used to calculate environmental media concentrations and food chain
concentrations. The dispersion model outputs included air concentration of vapors and particles,
wet deposition of vapors and particles, and dry deposition of particles. Dry deposition of vapors
was also calculated, but outside the dispersion model. For the sewage sludge lagoon scenario,
only air dispersion modeling of vapors was performed because the only air emissions from
lagoons are vapors, and therefore, the only exposure point concentration required is the air
concentrations of vapors at the exposure point.
For the agricultural application scenario, the ISCST3 modeling included all potential
outputs over a grid of receptor points. These outputs were processed in a GIS to produce the
following outputs:
• Air concentration of vapors and particles
• Wet deposition of vapors and particles
• Dry deposition of particles.
These outputs were produced for each of the following locations:
• Agricultural land (crop and pasture)
• Buffer area (residential exposure)
• Watershed area
• Waterbodies (index reservoir and farm pond).
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
For the screening analysis, the maximum grid point value for each output was used to represent
the air modeling results for each location with the exception of the watershed, where the average
of the grid point values was used.
2.3.2 Estimation of Soil, Water, and Sediment Concentrations
This section describes how total soil concentration was estimated for each of the
locations in the conceptual site (cropland, pasture, buffer, and watershed). These concentrations
are common to both the human health and ecological screening analysis. It also describes the
components that make up the two waterbodies modeled in this analysis. The first waterbody is
EPA's index reservoir for evaluating drinking water exposures to pesticides (Shipman Lake), a
13-acre lake that has a 427-acre watershed and is separated from the sludge-amended
agricultural land by a 10-ft buffer. This waterbody was used as a drinking water source in this
analysis. The second waterbody is a farm pond that is located immediately adjacent to the
sludge-amended land and receives runoff and erosion directly from the sludge-amended land (no
buffer). The farm pond is the site of all ecological receptor exposures and is used for
recreational fishing by the farm family. Finally, this section describes the dilution-attenuation
factor used to estimate the groundwater concentrations used for drinking water and showering.
2.3.2.1 Soil Concentrations. Soil concentrations were calculated considering pollutant
loads from the direct agricultural application of sewage sludge to agricultural fields (which are
assumed to be half cropland and half pasture) and aerial deposition of pollutants onto cropland,
pasture, the buffer area, and the regional watershed. For the agricultural land where sewage
sludge is applied, pollutant concentrations in soil change with each year of sludge application.
During the application period, the pollutant concentrations in soils resulting from aerial
deposition also change.
In each case, the concentration of a contaminant in the soil is determined by the flux of
chemical (from application or deposition) and loss mechanisms of that chemical from the soil.
Soil losses accounted for in this analysis include erosion, biodegradation, volatilization,
leaching, and dissolved loss in surface runoff. For a particular site and model iteration, these
loss processes were assumed to be the same in all locations across the site and surrounding
watershed.
Temporal changes in soil concentration were accounted for through annual average soil
concentrations produced by the land application model and annual estimates of deposition from
the air model. For a particular iteration, the model used an average value over the exposure
duration. In addition, the concentrations due to air deposition were added to the concentrations
in the soil due to application of sludge (cropland to pasture and pasture to cropland3) and upslope
erosion (agricultural field to buffer).
The areas modeled for soil concentrations differ for the two land application scenarios.
3 Sludge applications to the adjacent cropland and pastureland are modeled simultaneously for a given
iteration. The cropland receives depositional loads from the pasture, and the pasture receives depositional loads
from the cropland.
2-9
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Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
• For the farm pond scenario, the source model calculated soil concentrations for
the cropland and pasture only, which comprise the entire watershed for the pond.
• For the drinking water (index) reservoir scenario, soil concentrations were
calculated for cropland, pasture, a buffer area between the farm and the
waterbody (the local watershed), and a regional watershed that feeds the drinking
water reservoir.
The regional watershed area was assumed to be agricultural land, some of which
(10 percent to 80 percent) is also amended with sewage sludge. To account for this additional
load of pollutants in the watershed area, the soil concentrations in the agricultural field were
scaled to the area of amended agricultural land in the regional watershed. In addition, the
regional watershed soil receives a chemical load via averaged air deposition rates from the
modeled agricultural field. These soil chemical loads (application and deposition) were totaled
to estimate soil concentrations in the regional watershed, which, in turn, were used to estimate
chemical loads to the index reservoir from soil erosion and overland transport (see Appendix J
for methods).
2.3.2.2 Predicting Surface Water Concentrations. The waterbodies in this analysis
include the index reservoir, which is a source of drinking water, and a farm pond, where
ecological receptors live and feed and from which the farm family catches fish. Pollutants enter
the waterbody by any of four pathways:
1. Constituents in the air above the waterbody can be deposited directly onto the
waterbody's surface. This occurs for airborne particles via dry and wet
deposition due to gravitational settling and scavenging by precipitation,
respectively.
2. Vapors can also deposit directly onto the waterbody's surface via scavenging by
precipitation (i.e., wet deposition).
3. Constituents on the soils can enter the waterbody through runoff and erosion.
This occurs directly from the sludge-amended agricultural field to the farm pond
and from the sludge-amended agricultural field to the buffer to the index
reservoir.
4. Pollutants deposited onto soils in the upstream watershed also enter the index
reservoir through runoff and erosion.
Thus, the total pollutant load to each of the waterbodies is the sum of all of the loads to that
waterbody from these pathways. The methods used to develop this load are presented in
Appendix J.
The index reservoir also requires a base flow. Base flow represents the component of
streamflow that is not direct surface runoff. The watershed model provides a base flow to the
index reservoir. The waterbody models take the inputs from these sources (daily loads due to
erosion, runoff, and deposition) and use these loads in addition to other inputs for the waterbody
-------
Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
(area, depth, and baseflow) to estimate concentrations in the various components of the
waterbody over varying time periods. The concentration was estimated for pollutants in the
dissolved phase in the water column, in the suspended solids, and in the benthic sediment. These
estimates consider losses due to hydrolysis and/or biodegradation. The mechanism used to
calculate the concentrations in each component of the each of the two waterbodies is presented
in Appendix J.
2.3.2.3 Predicting Groundwater Concentrations. The concentration of the pollutant in
leachate may be diluted in the groundwater system before reaching a nearby residential well.
This dilution is estimated in this screening analysis by the application of a dilution-attenuation
factor (DAF). No chemical-specific groundwater modeling was performed for the screening
analysis. The DAF used in this screening analysis was the 10th percentile DAF estimated by
performing chemical-specific modeling for a variety of chemicals in a distribution of surface
impoundments. This modeling was conducted for the Industrial Waste Management Evaluation
Model (IWEM). IWEM considered chemicals with a range of chemical and physical properties
in a representative nationwide sample of surface impoundments. EPA placed residential wells at
a fixed distance of 150 m from the edge of the impoundments from the SI to calculate DAFs for
IWEM. This screening analysis, used a DAF of 2 (10th percentile DAF from the Tier 1 IWEM
analysis) to estimate the concentration of each pollutant in the nearby residential well from the
SI leachate concentration. For the constituents that exceed the critical dose for groundwater
ingestion in the lagoon scenario and remain in the analysis, pollutant- and site-specific
groundwater modeling will be conducted during the full-scale modeling.
Groundwater concentrations in the agricultural application scenario are assumed to be the
leachate concentration at a depth of 1 m below the surface. No DAF is applied to this
concentration.
2.3.3 Calculation of Food Chain Concentrations
Food chain exposures were evaluated for the agricultural application scenario. After the
fate and transport models have predicted concentrations of pollutants in the air, soil, water, and
sediment, pollutant concentrations are calculated in food items. Pollutants pass from
contaminated soil, water, sediment, and air through the food chain to the farm family and
ecological receptors. For example, pollutants in air may be deposited on plants growing in the
agricultural field. Simultaneously, these plants may take up pollutants from the soil and
accumulate pollutants from both routes in the fruits and vegetables consumed by the farm family
and ecological receptors. In addition, beef and dairy cattle, as well as wildlife receptors, may
consume forage and silage that are grown in sludge-amended pasture soil. Subsequently, the
farm family may consume home-produced beef and dairy products from these animals.
Similarly, pollutants applied to the agricultural land may erode and run off into a farm pond and
accumulate in fish and other aquatic biota. The fish in the farm pond may be caught and
consumed by members of the farm family, and aquatic biota may be consumed by wildlife
receptors.
This section presents the methodology used to calculate pollutant concentrations for each
of the diet items in the food chain pathways considered.
2-11
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
2.3.3.1 Terrestrial Food Chain. The terrestrial food chain is designed to predict the
accumulation of a pollutant in the edible parts of food crops eaten by the farm family and in
plants and prey items consumed by wildlife receptors. Edible crops include exposed and
protected fruits, exposed and protected vegetables, and root vegetables. The term "exposed"
refers to the fact that the edible portion of the produce is exposed to the atmosphere. The term
"protected" refers to the fact that the edible portion of the produce is shielded from the
atmosphere. Examples of the categories include tomatoes (exposed vegetable), corn (protected
vegetable), apples (exposed fruit), oranges (protected fruit), and potatoes (root vegetables). In
addition, the farm family is assumed to raise beef and dairy cattle that forage on the pasture,
consume silage raised on the cropland, and consume associated soil. Figure 2-4 shows the data
flow into and out of the farm food chain model. The equations used to calculate the food chain
concentrations of pollutants are presented in Appendix K. Bio-uptake factors are provided in
Appendix F.
Air Deposition
Biota
Factors
Chemical-
Specific
Transfer
Factors
Legend
[ j Location-Independent Input Data
| | Model Component
Modeled Media Concentrations
Figure 2-4. Farm food chain model.
Ecological receptors also are exposed to contaminants through ingestion of terrestrial
food items. The terrestrial food chain for ecological receptors also includes vegetation and prey
items in the diet. Figure 2-5 illustrates the terrestrial food chain modeled for ecological
exposure. The screening analysis conservatively assumes that receptors take all of the vegetation
in their diets from the farm field where sewage sludge is applied. Herbivorous receptors, such as
the white-tailed deer, and omnivorous receptors, such as the raccoon and the red fox, eat similar
types of vegetation as do the human receptors (e.g., exposed vegetables) and the beef and dairy
cattle (e.g., forage grass) raised by the farm family. The concentrations in vegetation in the
ecological receptors' diets were predicted using the same modeling approach as that used to
predict concentrations in the human diet.
2-12
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
T3
T2
T1
OMNIVORES
e.g., • Black bear
• Coyote
• Red fox
OMNIVORES
I
2
3.g., • American robin
• Deer Mouse
• Racoon
• Green heron
HERBIVORES
i
.g., • White-tailed deer
• Muskrat
• Canada goose
F
*-+- CARNIVORES
e.g., • Red-tailed hawk
• Cooper's hawk
• Long-tailed weasel
C
w CARNIVORES
e.g., »Least weasel
• Mink
• American kestrel
L
'rimary Producers (Plants) Soil Invertebrates
J
•^
e.g., • Worms
• Flying insect larvae
Land Application Unit
Sewage sludge
applied to crop fields
and pasture
Figure 2-5. Terrestrial food web, including example receptors.
Omnivorous and carnivorous receptors eat a variety of terrestrial vertebrates, such as
small mammals and birds, and soil invertebrates. Again, it was conservatively assumed that all
terrestrial prey come from the agricultural field where sewage sludge is applied. Concentrations
in terrestrial prey items were calculated by applying chemical-specific bioaccumulation factors
(BAFs) to the soil concentrations. However, BAFs for organic chemicals in this analysis were
generally lacking for terrestrial prey types, and a default value of 1 was used for all organics for
terrestrial prey. For metal contaminants, BAFs derived from empirical data were identified in
the literature for worms and for small mammals. In the absence of BAFs for other prey types
(e.g., small birds, lizards and reptiles, and larger mammals), the small mammal BAFs were used
for all terrestrial vertebrate prey, and the worm BAFs were used for all terrestrial invertebrate
prey. The BAFs used to calculate food item concentrations are shown in Appendix M.
2.3.4 Calculation of Aquatic Food Web Concentrations
Some of the ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants through the ingestion of
aquatic food items, including fish, sediment invertebrates (e.g., mussels), and aquatic plants in
2-13
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
the farm pond. For example, wading birds, such as the great blue heron, eat fish and sediment
invertebrates; the muskrat eats aquatic vegetation; and the raccoon eats a variety offish,
amphibians, and sediment invertebrates, in addition to a wide variety of terrestrial items.
Figure 2-6 illustrates the aquatic food web modeled in the screening analysis. The screening
analysis assumed that all aquatic items in the receptors' diets come from the farm pond. The
concentrations in the fish and aquatic plants are calculated by applying chemical-specific
bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to the water concentration, and the concentrations in the
sediment invertebrates are calculated by applying BCFs to the sediment concentrations. BCF
values for the aquatic food chain were the same as those used in the human exposure modeling to
calculate concentrations in fish tissue. These values are shown in Appendix E.
Terrestrial Receptors
Dependent on Aquatic Habitats
Simplified Aquatic Food Web
Terrestrial Piscivores
(T2 and T3)
• Green heron
• Kingfisher
•Mink
Terrestrial Omnivores
(T2 and T3)
•Bear
• Raccoon
• Coyote
• Wading birds
T4 Fish
T3 Fish
Terrestrial Herbivores
(T1)
• Muskrat
• Deer
• Ducks
Herbivorous Fish
Sediment Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
T2
Primary Producers - Aquatic Plants
Algae
T1
Figure 2-6. Aquatic food web, including example receptors.
2.4 Exposure Modeling
The pollutant concentrations in the food chain items identified in the previous section are
used to estimate human and ecological exposures. This section describes the human and
ecological exposure modeling.
2.4.1 Human Exposure Modeling
Human exposures occur as a result of disposal of sewage sludge in a lagoon or
application of sewage sludge to agricultural land. The human exposures assumed for the sewage
sludge lagoon scenario are presented in Table 2-1. A resident family was assumed to live near a
facility with a sewage sludge lagoon and breathe the air at that location. In addition, the family
2-14
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
was assumed to have a residential well that supplies tapwater to the household for use as
drinking water and for showering for the family. The air exposures (ambient and indoor) were
calculated by estimating the average daily air concentration of vapors to which an individual
may be exposed. The exposure through the drinking water route was estimated by multiplying
the maximum annual concentration of the pollutant in the groundwater by the consumption rate
of the individual. This is the average daily dose (ADD) for an individual. To estimate a lifetime
average daily dose (LADD) needed to screen for constituents with cancer endpoints, the ADD
for each year of the exposure duration was summed and divided by the lifetime (70 years) for the
adult and child resident who drink water from the residential well (exposure frequency is
assumed to be 350 days per year, and the period of exposure was assumed to coincide with the
highest annual exposure concentrations).
Table 2-1. Human Exposure Pathways for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
Receptor
Adult resident
Child resident
Ingestion of Drinking Water
(Groundwater)
/
/
Inhalation of
Indoor Aira
/
/
Inhalation of
Ambient Air
/
/
' Indoor air contaminated from showering.
For the purposes of this hazard analysis, ADD was defined as
ADD
(2-1)
where
ADD = average daily dose (mass constituent/body weight mass/day)
C = concentration (mass/volume or mass/mass)
IR = intake rate (mass/body weight mass/time or volume/body weight mass/day).
The LADD, used for assessing risks for carcinogenic effects, was defined as
where
LADD =
C x IR x ED x EF
AT x 365
(2-2)
LADD = lifetime average daily dose (mass constituent/body weight mass/day)
C = average concentration (mass/mass or mass/volume)
IR = intake rate (mass/body weight mass/time or volume/body weight mass/day)
ED = exposure duration (yr)
2-15
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
EF = exposure frequency (d/yr)
AT = averaging time (yr, 70-year lifetime)
365 = unit conversion factor (d/yr).
The exposure pathways considered for the farm family are presented in Table 2-2. The
same general approach used to estimate exposures for the lagoon scenario was used to estimate
exposures for the agricultural application scenario. In the agricultural application scenario,
however, more exposure routes are considered in the analysis. The air exposures were estimated
using the same method as was used for the lagoon scenario. The air exposures (ambient and
shower) were calculated by estimating the average daily air concentration of vapors and particles
(ambient only) to which an individual may be exposed.
All ingestion pathways for the agricultural application scenario (drinking water, soil,
produce, beef, milk, and fish) were estimated using the same method. An annual ADD or LADD
was estimated for each exposure pathway individually, and the doses for all pathways were then
summed to yield a total ADD or LADD for the farmer and child across all pathways. The
exposure factors used in this analysis are described in detail in Appendix L.
Table 2-2. Human Exposure Pathways for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario
Receptor
Adult
farmer
Child farm
resident
Inhalation
of
Ambient
Air
•
Ingestion of
Drinking Water
(Ground
Water or Index
Reservoir)
•
Ingestion
of Soil
•
Ingestion of
Above- and
Belowground
Produce
•
Ingestion of
Beef and Dairy
Products
•
Ingestion of
Fish (Farm
Pond)
•
2.4.2 Ecological Exposure Modeling
The ecological screening analysis is based on (1) predicted chemical concentrations in
environmental media (e.g., soil, sediment), and (2) predicted exposure doses for birds and
mammals. The predicted chemical concentrations were compared to either an environmental
quality criterion (e.g., Ambient Water Quality Criterion) or a concentration-based benchmark for
certain receptors (e.g., early life-stage lethality to amphibians in direct contact with contaminated
water). The predicted doses were compared to dose-based benchmarks (in mg/kg-day) to screen
for potential ecological hazard to these receptor species.
For exposures assessed on the basis of medium concentration (or direct contact) shown in
Table 2-3, maximum annual average chemical concentrations were used for soil and sediment,
and multiple averaging times were used for chemical concentrations in surface water. For
example, if the benchmark for fish was derived from a 96-hour study, the 4-day maximum
2-16
-------
Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
concentration was selected as the exposure concentration. Appendix P provides the exposure
duration assumed for each receptor and constituent.
Table 2-3. Receptors Assessed Using Media Concentrations
Receptor
Fish
Aquatic invertebrates
Aquatic plants
Amphibians
Aquatic community
Sediment invertebrates
Soil invertebrates
Exposure Concentration
Surface water concentration (farm pond)
Surface water concentration (farm pond)
Surface water concentration (farm pond)
Surface water concentration (farm pond)
Surface water concentration (farm pond)
Sediment concentration (farm pond)
Soil concentration (agricultural field)
For the ingestion pathway, exposure dose was calculated as a function of the
concentrations in each receptor's diet, and receptor-specific ingestion rates and body weight.
Dietary composition was based on species-specific data on foraging and feeding behavior and
reflected a year-round adult diet. Diet items were grouped in 17 categories, including different
types of vegetation (e.g., fruits, forage, grain, roots) and several categories of prey (e.g., small
birds, small mammals, invertebrates, fish). For example, the American robin's dietary
composition is as follows (Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes, 1996):
Diet Item Dietary Percentage Range
Soil invertebrates (other than earthworms) 8 to 93
Fruits 7 to 92
Earthworms 15 to 27
Forage 0 to 24
Each receptor's diet was constructed using the average of the minimum and maximum
percentages for each diet item, beginning with the item with highest value and proceeding
through the diet items until a full diet (100 percent) was accumulated. Thus, the robin's diet
would consist of 50.5 percent soil invertebrates and 49.5 percent fruits, based on the following
average dietary percentages:
Diet Item Average
Soil invertebrates 50.5
Fruits 49.5
Worms 21
Forage 12
The dietary composition used for each receptor species is presented in Appendix N.
2-17
-------
Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
Each receptor's exposure dose was calculated as a function of its respective ingestion
rate, body weight, and the concentrations in the various diet items. In addition to prey and plant
items, soil, sediment, and drinking water ingestion were also accounted for. Soil and sediment
ingestion are expressed as a fraction of total diet. Ingestion dose was calculated as
Dose _ e e * DietFraej) + (Csoil/sedA x JR^ x Sfrac) + (CmA x IR^)
A BW { ~ }
where
Dose^ = Exposure dose for chemical A (mg/kg-d)
IR-diet = Species-specific dietary ingestion rate (kg WW/d)
Cdiet Aj = Concentration of chemical A in diet itemy (mg/kg WW)
DietFraCj = Fraction of diet consisting of itemy (unitless)
CSon/sedA = Concentration of chemical A in soil or sediment (mg/kg)
Sfrac = Fraction of soil or sediment in the diet (unitless)
Csw A = Concentration of chemical A in surface water (mg/L)
IRwater = Species-specific water ingestion rate (L/d)
BW = Species-specific average adult body weight (kg).
The species-specific exposure factors (ingestion rates and body weights) were taken from EPA's
Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1993) and are presented in Appendix N.
2.5 Screening Criteria Development
2.5.1 Human Health Screening Criteria
The human health benchmarks used in this assessment are critical doses (CDs) or critical
concentrations (CCs). The CCs were used as air pathway criteria. For air exposures to
pollutants with noncancer endpoints, the CC is the RfC as reported in IRIS. For air exposures to
pollutants with cancer endpoints, the CC is associated with a cancer risk of 1E-5, based on the
AUR. If a pollutant had both a cancer and noncancer inhalation benchmark, the lower CC
calculated by these methods was the CC used as the screening criterion.
The human health benchmarks used for the ingestion pathways is the CD, which was
compared to the ADD (for noncarcinogens) or LADD (for carcinogens). For ingestion
exposures to pollutants with noncancer endpoints, the CD was the RfD reported in IRIS or the
RfD or the PAD reported in the RED or IRED documents issued by EPA OPP. For ingestion
exposures to pollutants with cancer endpoints, the CD was calculated as the dose that yields a
cancer risk level of 1E-5 (1 in 100,000) over a lifetime (that dose was calculated as 1E-5/
CSF_oral).
The screening criteria used in this analysis are presented in Table 2-4.
2-18
-------
Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
Table 2-4. Human Health Screening Criteria for Pollutants
Chemical
Acetone
Acetophenone
Anthracene
Azinphos methyl
Barium
Benzoic acid
Beryllium
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chloroaniline, 4-
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorpyrifos
Cresol, o- (2-methylphenol)
Diazinon
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
Dichloromethane
Dioxane, 1,4-
Endrin
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox
Fluoranthene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Isobutyl alcohol
Manganese
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK); Methyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Naled
Nitrate
Nitrite
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
CASRN
67-64-1
98-86-2
120-12-7
86-50-0
7440-39-3
65-85-0
7440-41-7
92-52-4
85-68-7
75-15-0
106-47-8
108-90-7
510-15-6
2921-88-2
95-48-7
333-41-5
156-60-5
75-09-2
123-91-1
72-20-8
2104-64-5
206-44-0
319-84-6
319-85-7
78-83-1
7439-96-5
78-93-3
108-10-1
300-76-5
14797-55-8
14797-65-0
86-30-6
Oral
Critical Dose
(mg/kg/d)
0.9
0.1
0.3
0.0015
0.07
4.0
0.002
0.05
0.2
0.1
0.004
0.02
0.02
0.00003
0.05
0.0002
0.02
0.0013
0.000909
0.0003
0.00001
0.04
0.0000016
0.0000056
0.3
0.143
0.6
0.002
1.6
0.1
0.002
Inhalation
Critical
Concentration
(mg/m3)
0.0022
0.000004
0.7
0.00005
0.00006
0.02
0.000006
0.00002
0.00005
5.0
3.0
0.0004
(continues
2-19
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Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
Table 2-4. (continued)
Chemical
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Trifluralin
Xylenes (mixture)
CASRN
108-95-2
129-00-0
7440-22-4
75-69-4
93-72-1
93-76-5
1582-09-8
1330-20-7
Oral
Critical Dose
(mg/kg/d)
0.3
0.03
0.005
0.3
0.008
0.01
0.0013
0.2
Inhalation
Critical
Concentration
(mg/m3)
0.1
For human receptors, the air concentration at the receptor location is compared to the screening criterion (CC). For
all the ingestion pathways, the total ADD or LADD calculated for a receptor is compared to the CD. If any of these
ratios is greater than one, the pollutant fails the screening criterion and is retained in the analysis for additional
study.
a The oral critical dose for manganese from drinking water and soil is 0.047 mg/kg/day.
2.5.2 Ecological Screening Criteria
The screening criteria for ecological receptors are benchmarks expressed in terms of
media concentration (e.g., mg/L for surface water or mg/kg for soil) or in terms of dose
(mg/kg"d). Because there is no single repository for approved ecological benchmarks analogous
to IRIS, benchmarks were derived from various EPA and other government reports and from
toxicological studies in the open literature.
Several factors were considered in selecting toxicological data for use in developing
benchmarks. These factors include, for example, the effect level, exposure duration,
measurement endpoint, and completeness of reported information. The objectives of the
selection process were to:
• Use data from reliable, preferably peer-reviewed sources
• Use data that are relevant to the assessment endpoints (population/community
viability)
• Select the lowest (most protective) value that is relevant and appropriate.
The decision framework process used for selecting benchmark data is illustrated in
Table 2-5. The preferred characteristics, shown in the second column, are the target objectives
for data selection. If data meeting the preferred condition were not available for a pollutant-
receptor combination, then other data were considered. For example,
2-20
-------
Section 2.0 Analysis Phase
• Reproductive and growth effects and mortality data would be selected for
consideration, while data on liver damage would not be considered because it is
not necessarily relevant to population viability
• For mammal or bird data, studies in which the dose is administered in feed would
be considered, while dermal injection studies would not be considered because
they do not necessarily reflect ingestion exposure
• For aquatic studies, data from flow through tests would be selected over
equivalent data from static tests
• Because the screening assessment addresses long term chronic exposure, studies
based on longer durations (generally longer than 96 hours) were preferred
• Endpoints measuring lethality (e.g., LC50) were considered only in cases where
non-lethal endpoints (e.g., chronic NOECs and LOECs) are not available. Risk
results based on benchmarks derived from lethality data must be interpreted
differently than results based on non-lethal effects (e.g., reduced growth or
hatching success). See Section 3.3.1 for further discussion of interpreting
lethality-based results
• Measured values were preferred over predicted (e.g., values generated based on
structure activity relationships [SARs])
• All else being equal, the lowest acceptable value was selected.
Different references were consulted for different receptors and environmental media.
Table 2-6 shows the references consulted for benchmarks. Numbers preceding each reference
indicate the data quality hierarchy. The ecological benchmarks used in the screening analysis
and their respective sources are provided in Appendix P.
Ecological hazard was expressed in terms of hazard quotients (HQs). For the direct
exposure pathway, HQs were calculated as the ratio of the exposure concentration to the relevant
benchmark. For example, the HQ for fish was calculated as the ratio of the surface water
concentration to the fish benchmark. For the ingestion pathway, the HQs were the ratio of the
exposure dose to the relevant benchmark. An HQ greater than or equal to one is an indication
that further analysis may be warranted.
2-21
-------
Section 2.0
Analysis Phase
Table 2-5. Criteria for Selecting Toxicological Data
Component
Assessment
Endpoint (Effect)
Mammal and Bird
Studies: Type
Mammal and Bird
Studies: Reported
data
Aquatic Studies:
study design
Study Duration
Measurement
endpoint
Measured vs.
Predicted Values
Value
Preferred
Effects related to population or
community viability: reproduction,
growth
Ingestion (dietary and other)studies
Test species, test duration, and body
weight reported
Flow through
Chronic, longest
NOEL - LOEL, MATL, other threshold
effects levels
Measured
Lowest (most toxic) value
Not preferred
Mortality
Test species, test
duration, or body
weight not reported
Static
Shorter, acute
-L^50; -^-^50; ^-^SO
Predicted
Higher values
Not allowed
Effects not related
to population or
community
viability
Injection studies
Table 2-6. Sources for Ecological Benchmarks
Organic Contaminants
Metal Contaminants
Water
1. U.S. EPA, 2002a (NAWQC)
2. Suter and Tsao, 1996
3. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
4. U.S. EPA, 2003a (EFED Database)
5. California EPA, 2003
6. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
1. U.S. EPA, 2002a (NAWQC)
2. Suter and Tsao, 1996
3. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
4. U.S. EPA, 2003a (EFED Database)
5. California EPA, 2003
6. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
Soil
1. Effroymson et al., 1997
2. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
1. Effroymson et al., 1997
2. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
Sediment
1. Jones et al., 1997
2. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
1. Jones et al., 1997
2. Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment, 2002
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
Mammals
and Birds
1. Sample et al., 1996
2. U.S. EPA, 2003a (EFED Database)
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
1. Sample et al., 1996
2. U.S. EPA, 2003a (EFED Database)
3. U.S. EPA, 2003b (ECOTOX database)
2-22
-------
Section 3.0 Screening Results
3.0 Screening Results
For chemicals with human health benchmark (HHB) values for ingestion, the results of
the screening analysis are a ratio of the estimated average daily dose (ADD) or lifetime average
daily dose (LADD) to a critical dose (CD) for each pollutant. For chemicals with an HHB for
inhalation, the average daily air concentration is compared with the critical concentration (CC)
for these pollutants. If either of these ratios exceeds one at the 95th percentile of the hazard
quotient (HQ) distribution, the pollutant fails the screen. A similar comparison is performed for
ecological benchmark values. If the HQ based on a wildlife toxicity endpoint equals or exceeds
one for any pollutant, that pollutant is considered to fail the screening assessment for that
representative ecological receptor.
3.1 Human Health Screening Results
The human health screening assessment was performed using CDs and CCs based on
both cancer and noncancer endpoints. The CDs based on noncancer endpoints were compared
with the ADD for both the adult and child receptors. The CDs based on cancer endpoints were
compared with the LADD. Similar comparisons were made for the inhalation endpoints. The
CCs based on noncancer and noncancer endpoints were compared with the average daily
concentration to which humans were assumed to be exposed.
In both the agricultural land application scenario and the sewage sludge lagoon scenario,
no pollutants with cancer endpoints had HQs greater than one. No pollutant with either a cancer
or noncancer endpoint had HQs greater than one on the basis of an inhalation exposure.
Nitrite had HQs greater than one in both scenarios, based on the ingestion of drinking
water from groundwater in the sewage sludge lagoon scenario, and based on the ingestion of
drinking water from surface water and total ingestion in the agricultural land application
scenario. Silver had HQs greater than one for the agricultural land application scenario only.
Barium, manganese, nitrate, and 4-chloroaniline had HQs greater than one for the lagoon
scenario only. Table 3-1 presents the results for the pollutants that had HQs greater than one for
the agricultural land application scenario, and Table 3-2 presents the results for the pollutants
that had HQs greater than one for the sewage sludge lagoon scenario.
3-1
-------
Section 3.0
Screening Results
Table 3-1. Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution by Pathway
for the Agricultural Land Application Scenario
CASRN
14797-65-0
7440-22-4
Chemical
Nitrite
Silver
Pathway
Ingestion of Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Ingestion of Milk
Total Ingestion
Receptor
Child
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
HQ
1.1
1.3
3.8
12.0
4.0
12.3
Table 3-2. Human Hazard Quotient Values Greater Than One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution by Pathway
for the Sewage Sludge Lagoon Scenario
CASRN
7440-39-3
106-47-8
7439.96-5
14797-65-0
14797-55-8
Chemical
Barium
4-Chloroaniline
Manganese
Nitrite
Nitrate
Pathway
Drinking Water
from Groundwater
Drinking Water
from Groundwater
Drinking Water
from Groundwater
Drinking Water
from Groundwater
Drinking Water
from Groundwater
Receptor
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
Adult
Child
HQ
1.5
3.5
2.7
6.4
32.3
76.3
13.6
33.8
9.2
23
3.2 Ecological Screening Results
The ecological screening assessment addressed risks from direct contact with
contaminated media and from ingestion of contaminated food and feed. The ecological
screening was performed by comparing environmental concentrations to comparable benchmark
values for the agricultural land application scenario. Hazards are expressed as HQs calculated as
the ratio of the exposure dose, or concentration, to the relevant benchmark.
5-2
-------
Section 3.0
Screening Results
Table 3-3 shows the pollutants that had ecological HQs greater than one at the 95th
percentile of the HQ distribution for the direct contact pathway. There was no ingestion hazard
for any aquatic or terrestrial wildlife species from any of the chemicals. Complete results are
presented in Appendix R.
Table 3-3. Hazard Quotient Values Equal to or Greater Than One
at the 95th Percentile of the HQ Distribution for Aquatic and
Terrestrial Wildlife Via Direct Contact Pathways
CASRN
67-64-1
120-12-7
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
75-15-0
106-47-8
333-41-5
206-44-0
7439-96-5
78-93-3
108-95-2
129-00-0
7440-22-4
Chemical
Acetone
Anthracene
Barium
Beryllium
Carbon disulfide
4-Chloroaniline
Diazinon
Fluoranthene
Manganese
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
Receptor"
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Invertebrates
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Fish
HQ
356.2
2.9
235.7
7.8
1.9
1.3
1.1
10.7
4.2
13.9
5.8
102.4
41.9
21.1
4.5
246.6
28.2
4.8
3 Sediment biota organisms include sediment invertebrates; aquatic community organisms
include fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, and amphibians; soil biota organisms
include soil invertebrates.
3.2.1 Direct Contact Pathway
The direct contact pathway analysis assesses risks to ecological receptors exposed
through direct contact with contaminated media—surface water, sediment, and soil.
Thirteen pollutants had HQs that were greater than one. The ecological benchmark
values for different receptors and pollutants are based on different measurement endpoints and
3-3
-------
Section 3.0 Screening Results
therefore reflect varying levels of protection. In most cases, the benchmarks are based on
chronic effects data for reproductive and developmental endpoints, such as lowest observed
adverse effects levels (LOAELs) or effects range-low values (ERLs). As such, an HQ below one
indicates that adverse effects at the population or community level are not expected from that
particular pollutant for that particular receptor. However, for some of the chemicals assessed,
the only aquatic ecotoxicological data identified were for mortality endpoints (e.g., LC50 values
reflecting levels at which 50 percent of the test subjects died). The implications of risk results
that are based on lethality benchmarks are not equivalent to those that are based on chronic
effects endpoints. An HQ below one that is based on a lethality endpoint may still imply impacts
to the receptor. For example, an HQ of 0.1 that is based on an LC50 value may result in lethality
to a significant percentage of the population (e.g., 10 percent). This result may be of much
greater ecological significance than an HQ of 1.0 that is based, for example, on a LOAEL for
reproductive fitness, which may only affect a small percentage of the population.
3.2.2 Ingestion Pathway
The ingestion pathway analysis assesses risks to ecological receptors exposed through
ingestion of plants, prey, and drinking water, and through incidental ingestion of soil and
sediment. Diet items include terrestrial plants and prey taken from the agricultural fields and
aquatic plants and prey taken from the farm pond. No pollutant had HQ values greater than one
for aquatic or terrestrial receptor species. Results are presented in Appendix R.
3.3 Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty
This is a screening assessment and therefore, where uncertainty and variability were
identified, the choice was made to err on the
side of being more protective.
Variability and uncertainty are
fundamentally different. Variability
represents true heterogeneity in
characteristics, such as body weight
,-rv. •,,• , .• i-rv- factors, such as the nature of adverse effects from
differences within a population or differences ' ... . ., . , , , ...
F F exposure to constituents, that may be reduced with
Variability arises from true heterogeneity in
characteristics, such as body weight differences
within a population or differences in contaminant
levels in the environment.
Uncertainty represents lack of knowledge about
additional research.
in pollutant levels in the environment. It
accounts for the distribution of risk within the
exposed population. Uncertainty, on the
other hand, represents lack of knowledge about factors, such as adverse effects from pollutant
exposure, that may be reduced with additional research to improve data or models.
This discussion describes the treatment of variability and uncertainty in reference to some
parameters used to describe human and ecological exposures and risk. Treatment of variability
using a Monte Carlo simulation forms the basis for the exposure distributions. Previous sections
of this document describe how distributions were generated and values were estimated for input
parameters. They also describe how these values were used in the models and in calculations to
produce a national-level distribution of exposure concentrations and doses. Uncertainty
necessitated the use of assumptions and default values in this screening assessment. This
discussion focuses on how this treatment of variability and uncertainty affects the results.
-------
Section 3.0 Screening Results
3.3.1 Parameter Variability
Variability is often used interchangeably with the term uncertainty, but the two are not
synonymous. Variability is tied to variations in physical, chemical, and biological processes and
cannot be reduced with additional research or information. Although variability may be known
with great certainty (e.g., age distribution of a population may be known and represented by the
mean age and its standard deviation), it cannot be eliminated and needs to be treated explicitly in
the assessment. Spatial and temporal variability in parameter values used to model exposure
account for the distribution in the exposed population.
For example, the meteorological parameters used in dispersion modeling, such as
windspeed and wind direction, are measured hourly by the National Weather Service at many
locations throughout the United States, and statistics about these parameters are well
documented. Although the distributions of these parameters may be well known, their actual
values vary spatially and temporally and cannot be predicted exactly. Thus, the concentration
calculated by a dispersion model for a particular receptor for a particular time period will
provide information on average conditions that may over- or underpredict actual concentrations.
Much of the temporal variation is accounted for by using models such as ISCST3 that calculate
concentrations hourly and sum these hourly values to provide annual concentration estimates.
Additionally, using meteorological data from multiple monitoring stations located throughout the
United States can account for some, but not all, spatial variability.
In planning this assessment, it was important to specifically address as much of the
variability as possible, either directly in the Monte Carlo analysis or through disaggregation of
the data into discrete elements of the analysis. For example, use of a refined receptor grid
accounts for spatial variability in concentrations on and around the agricultural field where
sewage sludge is applied. Variability in agricultural practices is accounted for by using
distributions that represent the range of possible agricultural practices.
Because sewage sludge is generated nationwide, its application to agricultural fields may
occur anywhere in the United States. Thus, this assessment characterized environmental
conditions that influence the fate and transport of constituents in the environment using regional
data based on climatic conditions. Spatial variability in environmental setting was accounted for
by using 41 different climatic regions throughout the contiguous 48 states.
The risk assessment components discussed include the following:
• Source characterization and emissions modeling
• Fate and transport modeling
• Exposure modeling.
3.3.1.1 Source Characterization and Emissions Model Variables. The specific
agricultural fields where sludge was applied were not known; however, EPA assumed that
sewage sludge could be applied to any agricultural land. For this assessment, agricultural field
areas were varied according to climatic regions. The median farm size for each climatic region
was used to represent the regional variability of farm size. However, uncertainty about farm size
within a climatic region remained. Distributions were used to capture nationwide variability in
-------
Section 3.0 Screening Results
agricultural practices. The variation in median farm size based on regions and the nationwide
distribution of agricultural practice parameters was used in the probabilistic assessment to
characterize the national variation in farm areas and operating characteristics.
Source partition modeling was performed for 41 different climatic regions, which
allowed variation in location-dependent parameters (e.g., soil, temperature, precipitation) to be
considered explicitly in the modeling. Variation in these parameters influenced variation in
predicted air emissions rates and leachate concentrations. Meteorological data sets were
combined with the surface area of the agricultural field to provide unit air concentrations
(UACs), which were used with emissions data to estimate air concentrations for cropland and
pastures. Soil data sets were combined with the meteorologic locations to provide distribution of
soil types and characteristics.
In the Monte Carlo analysis, the agricultural field characteristics, environmental
conditions from 41 climatic regions, and parameter values for sludge characteristics were
combined to produce the 3,000 iterations of the source partition model calculations. The source
model calculations generated the distribution of environmental releases used in the fate and
transport modeling.
3.3.1.2 Fate and Transport Model Variables. The parameter values required to model
contaminant fate and transport were obtained from regional databases. The treatment of regional
variation in location-dependent parameters used in fate and transport modeling is discussed in
the following sections.
Dispersion Model Variables. To capture geographic variation, dispersion modeling was
conducted using meteorological data sets from 41 different meteorological stations throughout
the contiguous 48 states. This provided regional representation of the variability in
meteorological data. The 41 meteorological stations do not represent every site-specific
condition that could exist in the continental United States. However, in selecting the climatic
regions, consideration was given to represent different Bailey's ecological regions and to not
exclude from the assessment those areas with unique dispersion characteristics (e.g., coastal
areas). Thus, it is believed that these 41 climatic regions are a reasonable representation of the
variability in meteorological conditions for the United States.
Soil and Water Model Variables. Soil characteristics were based on the location of the
41 climatic regions used in the modeling. Soil characteristics for all nonurban soil within the
climatic region were used to determine the soil characteristics for watershed modeling. This
approach captured the national distribution of soil types and accounted for regional variation in
soil characteristics.
Waterbody characteristics for the index reservoir and its associated watershed size were
not varied in the fate and transport modeling. However, in addition to variation in soil type and
precipitation, watershed modeling also took into account regional variation in agricultural field
size, which can affect constituent loading to the waterbody via runoff and erosion. The farm
pond varied in size on a regional basis in relation with regional variation in farm size.
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Terrestrial and Aquatic Food Chain Variables. No regional variations were explicitly
considered for the aquatic food chain modeling. However, agricultural field size and variation in
regional watershed characteristics affect runoff and erosion loadings to the waterbodies modeled
in this assessment, which indirectly affects the food chain modeling.
Exposure Modeling Variables. Individual physical characteristics, activities, and
behavior are quite different. As such, the exposure factors that influence the exposure of an
individual, including inhalation rate, ingestion rate, body weight, and exposure duration, are
quite variable. To include this variability explicitly in the assessment, statistical distributions for
these variables were used for each receptor in the assessment: adult, child, and infant in the farm
family and a recreational fisher. For adults, a single exposure factor distribution was used for
males and females. For child exposures, one age (age 1) was used to represent the age at the
start of exposure, because this age group is considered to be most sensitive for most health
effects. Exposure parameter data from the Exposure Factors Handbook (EFH; U.S. EPA,
1997a,b,c) were used to establish statistical distributions of values for each exposure parameter
for each receptor.
Summary of Variability Considerations. In summary, a distribution of exposures was
developed that includes specific consideration of the variability in
• Agricultural field size
• Agricultural practices
• Regional-specific environmental conditions
• Exposure factors for each receptor.
Taken together, these form the basis for national exposure concentration distributions for use in
the screening assessment.
3.4 Uncertainty
Uncertainty is a description of the imperfection in knowledge of the true value of a
particular parameter. In contrast to variability, uncertainty is reducible by additional
information-gathering or analysis activities (e.g., better data, better models). EPA typically
classifies the major areas of uncertainty in risk assessments as scenario uncertainty, model
uncertainty, and parameter uncertainty. Scenario uncertainty refers to missing or incomplete
information needed to fully define exposure and dose. Model uncertainty is a measure of how
well the model simulates reality. Parameter uncertainty is the lack of knowledge regarding the
true value of a parameter used in the assessment.
Although some aspects of uncertainty were directly addressed in this assessment, much
of the uncertainty associated with this assessment could only be addressed qualitatively.
Significant sources of uncertainty are presented in this section. If the assessment directly
addressed uncertainty, the approach used is described. If the assessment did not directly address
uncertainly, a qualitative discussion of its importance is provided.
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3.4.1 Scenario Uncertainty
Sources of scenario uncertainty include the assumptions and modeling decisions that are
made to represent an exposure scenario. The hypothetical farm scenario is a major source of
uncertainty in this assessment. The assessment is based on a single conceptual site model that
assumes that sewage sludge is applied to a farm that is half cropland and half pasture and that the
farm family lives adjacent to those areas. There are no data about the specific farms where this
is done. However, it is known that sewage sludge is applied to both cropland and pastures
nationwide. Therefore, a hypothetical farm was developed to allow the estimation of exposure
from the application of sewage sludge to farms producing all types of agricultural products
anywhere in the nation. These are reasonable assumptions; however, much uncertainty is
associated with the scenario. The lack of information to define and model actual exposure
conditions introduced uncertainty into this assessment, but the assessment is reasonable and
protective in the light of the associated scenario uncertainty.
The hypothetical sewage sludge lagoon scenario is also a major source of uncertainty in
this assessment. There are no data specifically about lagoons where sewage sludge is managed.
Therefore, human exposures to pollutants released from sewage sludge lagoons are calculated
using a national distribution of nonaerated surface impoundments. Families are assumed to live
near the impoundment, breathe the ambient air, and use groundwater. This is a reasonable and
protective scenario, but there is much uncertainty associated with it.
3.4.1.1 Receptor Populations Evaluated. The human receptors evaluated for the
agricultural application scenario are the farm family, which includes an adult farmer and a child.
Exposure estimates presented in this document address hypothetical chronic exposures for these
receptors and are designed to provide a realistic range of potential scenarios. Although it is
possible for any type of individual to be present on a farm where sewage sludge is applied, to
ensure that all potential receptors and exposure pathways are evaluated, it is assumed that at least
an adult farmer and child live on each farm modeled. This simplifying assumption allows the
evaluation of all receptors and pathways in all locations. Although these assumptions include
scenario uncertainty, they are reasonable and protective.
3.4.1.2 Characteristics and Location ofWaterbodies. One aspect of the site
configuration of particular relevance to the drinking of surface water and the aquatic food chain
modeling is the location and characteristics of the waterbodies. The size of the waterbodies
affects pollutant concentration predicted for that waterbody. The location of the waterbody was
assumed to be at the edge of the agricultural field. Because there are no site-specific locations
for the farms and nearby waterbodies, there is uncertainty associated with the placement and
dimensions of the nearest surface water source for drinking water and the associated watershed.
Therefore, a single index reservoir and associated watershed were used. Although this
assumption has much uncertainty associated with it, this is a protective assumption.
The assumptions made for this risk assessment also allow the evaluation of the fish
ingestion pathway based on reasonable and protective assumptions. The uncertainty associated
with this portion of the scenario must also be considered in the qualitative evaluation of
uncertainty. The assumptions about the location and size of the stream may bias the risk results
for the fish ingestion pathway, resulting in higher risk estimates.
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
3.4.2 Model Uncertainty
Model uncertainty is associated with all models used in all phases of a risk assessment
because models and their mathematical expressions are simplifications of reality that are used to
approximate real-world conditions and processes and their relationships. Computer models are
simplifications of reality, requiring exclusion of some variables that influence predictions but
that cannot be included in models either because of their complexity or because data are lacking
on a particular parameter. Models do not include all parameters or equations necessary to
express reality because of the inherent complexity of the natural environment and the lack of
sufficient data to describe the natural environment. Because this is a probabilistic assessment
that predicts what may occur with the management of sludge under assumed scenarios, it is not
possible to compare the results of these models to any specific situation that may exist
(sometimes referred to as model validation).
The risk assessor needs to consider the importance of excluded variables on a case-by-
case basis because a given variable may be important in some instances and not important in
others. A similar problem can occur when a model that is applicable under one set of conditions
is used for a different set of conditions. In addition, in some instances, choosing the correct
model form is difficult when conflicting theories seem to explain a phenomenon equally well. In
other instances, EPA does not have established model forms from which to choose to address
certain phenomena, such as facilitated groundwater transport.
Models used in this screening assessment were selected based on science, policy, and
professional judgment. These models were selected because they provide the information
needed for this assessment and because they are generally considered to be state of the science.
Even though the models used in the risk analyses are used widely and have been accepted for
numerous applications, they each retain significant sources of uncertainty. Evaluated as a whole,
the sources of model uncertainty in this assessment could result in either an overestimation or an
underestimation of risk.
3.4.2.1 Air Dispersion Modeling. The ISCST3 model was used to calculate the
dispersion of particle and vapor emissions from a waste management unit. This model has many
capabilities needed for this assessment, such as the ability to model area sources. For dispersion
modeling of this type, ISCST3 is considered a fairly accurate model with error within about a
factor of 2. It does not include photochemical reactions or degradation of a chemical in the air,
which results in additional model uncertainty. Deposition and associated plume depletion are
important for particulates and vapors and were explicitly incorporated into this assessment.
Currently, algorithms specifically designed to model the dry deposition of gases have not been
verified for the specific compounds in question (primarily volatile organics). In place of
algorithms, a transfer coefficient was used to model the dry deposition of gases. A concern with
this approach is that the deposition is calculated outside of the model. As a result, the mass is
deposited on the ground from the plume and is not subtracted from the air concentrations
estimated by ISCST3. This results in a slight nonconservation of mass in the system.
Other uncertainties introduced into the assessment in dispersion modeling are related to
agricultural field shape. The shape (square and rectangular) of the agricultural field modeled in
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
this assessment introduces some uncertainty because its actual orientation to the wind direction
is not known.
3.4.3 Parameter Uncertainty
Parameter uncertainty occurs when (1) there is a lack of data about the values used in the
equations, (2) the data that are available are not representative of the particular instance being
modeled, or (3) parameter values cannot be measured precisely or accurately because of
limitations in measurement technology. Random, or sample, errors are a common source of
parameter uncertainty that is especially critical for small sample sizes. More difficult to
recognize are nonrandom or systematic errors that result from bias in sampling, experimental
design, or choice of assumptions.
3.4.3.1 Pollutant Concentrations. Another source of uncertainty in this assessment is the
concentration of the pollutants in sewage sludge. The concentration data used in the screening
assessment are the 95th percentile concentrations measured in the 1988-1989 NSSS.
3.4.3.2 Agricultural Field Parameters. Source characterization required making
assumptions about agricultural practices on farms where sludge may be applied. There is much
uncertainty associated with the actual practices used on farms where sludge is applied. It is not
known what area is amended with sludge, what crops or animals are raised on the amended land,
or what specific practices are used. The parameters used in this assessment represent the data
available on potential agricultural practices. For this reason, substantial uncertainty remains
concerning the variable values for agricultural practices.
3.4.3.3 Watershed Universal Soil Loss Equation (VSLE) Parameters. A combination
of region-specific and national default parameters was used along with the USLE to model soil
erosion losses from watersheds to waterbodies. The USLE calculations are particularly sensitive
to site-specific values; thus, uncertainty is associated with using regional and national parameter
values. Many of the USLE parameters were based on the regional meteorological and regional
soil data used in other parts of the assessment. These include soil erodibility factor (K), rainfall
erosivity, and slope. Other parameters were based on national default values (e.g., cover and
management factors) or default relationships with other factors (e.g., length was determined as a
function of slope).
3.4.3.4 Sludge Characteristics. Few data were available on the physical and chemical
characteristics of sewage sludge. To address this lack, assumptions on specific sludge
characteristics were based on general knowledge of sludge. In this assessment, except for
constituent concentration (which was measured), general sludge characteristics were used,
including default assumptions for bulk density, moisture, and porosity.
3.4.3.5 Exposure Uncertainty. Exposure modeling relies heavily on default assumptions
concerning population activity patterns, mobility, dietary habits, body weights, and other factors.
As described earlier in the variability section, the probabilistic assessment for the adult and child
exposure scenario addressed the possible variability in the exposure modeling by using
distributions of values for exposure factors. There are some uncertainties, however, in the data
that were used. Although it is possible to study various populations to determine various
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exposure parameters (e.g., age-specific soil ingestion rates or intake rates for food) or to assess
past exposures (epidemiological studies) or current exposures, risk assessment is about
prediction. Therefore, long-term exposure monitoring in this context is infeasible.
The EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c) provides the current state of the science concerning
exposure assumptions, and it was used throughout this assessment. To the extent that actual
exposure scenarios vary from the assumptions in this risk assessment, risks could be under- or
overestimated. For example, there could be farmers and children who have higher exposures
than those predicted; however, it is more likely that actual exposures for most of these
individuals would fall within the predicted range and, moreover, would be similar to what was
modeled.
3.4.3.6 Ecological Exposure Uncertainty. For the ingestion pathway, it is assumed that
100 percent of the receptors' food and water comes from the farm field where sewage sludge is
applied and from the associated farm pond. The actual proportion of wildlife receptors' diets
that would be contaminated depends on a number of factors such as the species' foraging range,
quality of food source, season, intra- and interspecies competition, to name just a few.
Considerable uncertainty is associated with estimating what proportion of the diet would be
contaminated. For purposes of the screening assessment, it is conservatively assumed that all
food and drinking water come from the farm where sludge is applied.
Exposure dose is calculated using BCFs and BAFs to estimate the transfer of pollutants
from environmental media into food items. Uncertainty is associated with models used to
estimate BCFs for aquatic biota. Furthermore, because bioaccumulation factors specifically for
sediment biota were not available, the aquatic BCFs were used to estimate transfer of
constituents from sediment to sediment biota. The aquatic BCFs were developed based on
surface water concentrations and concentrations in aquatic biota, thus uncertainty is introduced
by applying these values to sediment biotransfer. In addition, as noted in Section 2.3.3.1, soil-
based BAFs for organic chemicals are unavailable, and a default value of 1 was used to estimate
concentrations in terrestrial prey for all organics. While this approach introduces uncertainty,
the chemicals addressed in the assessment are not known to be significant bioaccumulators, and
the default value of 1 is considered reasonably conservative.
Finally, the BAFs identified in the literature for worms are applied for all soil
invertebrates, and the BAFs for small mammals are applied for all terrestrial vertebrate prey
(small mammals, birds, and herpetofauna). The worm BAFs and small mammal BAFs were
developed based on measured concentrations in worms and small mammals, respectively.
Applying these values to derive concentrations in prey of widely varying faunal classes
introduces uncertainty in the exposure dose calculations.
3.4.3.7 Human Health Values. The Agency routinely accounts for uncertainty in its
development of RfDs and other FHBs. For example, if certain toxicological data are missing
from the overall toxicological database (e.g., reproductive data), the Agency will account for this
by applying an uncertainty factor.
3.4.3.8 Exposure Factors. For most exposure factors addressed, data analyses involved
fitting distributions of data summaries from the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c), in most cases by
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
fitting distributions to selected percentiles. It is assumed that little information is lost by fitting
to percentiles versus fitting to raw data. However, some believe that such analyses should
always be based on raw data, synthesizing all credible sources.
Three standard two-parameter probability statistical distributions (gamma, lognormal,
and Weibull) were used for this assessment. These distributions are special cases of a
three-parameter distribution (generalized gamma) that allows for a likelihood ratio test of the fit
of the two-parameter models. Other statistical distributions are possible (e.g., U.S. EPA, 2000),
but the technique used in this assessment offered considerable improvement over using a
lognormal model in all cases, and it was appropriate for this assessment. In support of this
conclusion, a comparison of results showed that the three-parameter generalized gamma
distribution did not significantly improve on goodness of fit over the two-parameter
distributional forms in 58 of 59 cases at the 5 percent level of significance.
Although they offer significant improvement in objectivity over visual estimation,
goodness-of-fit tests used to determine which statistical distribution to use for a particular
parameter are themselves subject to some uncertainty that should be considered in their
application to exposure factors. One area of concern is uncertainty about how the survey
statistics in the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c) were calculated. All of the statistics that have been
used to assess goodness of fit assume a random sample, which may or may not be a valid
assumption for EFH data. Specifically, many of the EFH data sources are surveys that, in many
cases, do not involve purely random samples. Rather, they use clustering and stratification,
primarily for economic reasons.
3.4.4 Sensitivity Analysis
EPA conducted a statistically based sensitivity analysis to rank the variable parameters in
the risk screening assessment according to their contribution to the variability of the resulting
HQ calculated for each receptor and constituent combination. This methodology is referred to as
a "response surface regression approach" because it uses models similar to those used in a
response surface experiment. A response surface methodology uses a statistical approach to
designing experiments and an associated model estimation methodology. The terminology
"response surface" derives from the fact that a regression model involving a number of
continuous independent variables can be viewed as providing an estimated surface of the results
in space. Often, a goal of response surface experimentation is to ascertain the combination(s) of
input variable values that will yield a minimum or a maximum response. The complexity of the
model (e.g., whether it contains only first- and second-order terms or terms of higher degree)
determines the general shape of the contours and the degree to which the "true" surface can be
approximated.
In this analysis, a regression analysis was applied to a linear equation to estimate the
relative change in the output of a probabilistic simulation relative to the changes in the input
variable values. This methodology is one of the recommended methods for conducting a
sensitivity analysis based on the results of a Monte Carlo analysis described in Appendix B of
RAGS 3A - Process For Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment - Draft (U.S. EPA, 1999b).
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Sensitivity analyses historically were conducted by evaluating how much change in risk
occurred as a result of varying an individual input variable from a median or mean value to a 90th
percentile (high end) value or a 10th percentile (low end) value, depending upon which extreme
value produced the higher risk value. However, when the risk depends on the aggregate impact
of a number of input variables, such an approach may not necessarily identify the most important
inputs. This may occur for several reasons:
• The ranges chosen for the various input variables may not be defined consistently
• Various input variables may interact with one another (i.e., the effect of input X1
on an outcome 7 depends on the level of other inputs X2, X3, etc., so that the
observed effect ofXj depends on what values were chosen for the other variables
as well)
• Nonlinear effects may obscure the effect of the input variable (e.g., if only low
and high values of an input variable are examined, but the relationship between
the risk and the input variable is of a quadratic nature, then the importance of the
input variable may be overlooked).
To address such issues, statistical regression methods were used to perform the sensitivity
analysis. Although regression methods have distinct advantages over previous approaches,
certain limitations remain. Regression methods are not capable of determining the sensitivity of
model results to input variables that are not varied in the analysis (e.g., assumptions) or are not
otherwise included within the scope of the analysis (e.g., model-derived variables). If for some
reason the most important variables are not varied or their variability is improperly
characterized, the sensitivity analysis may not identify them as being important.
This sensitivity analysis was conducted on a data set generated during modeling of each
pathway. This data set included a set of input variables (X,, X2, ..., Xp) that were used in the
modeling simulation. In this case, the Xs are parameters associated with management practices,
site, environmental conditions, and exposure parameters. The result of interest is the HQ
calculated for each pollutant/receptor/management practice combination.
The regression approach uses the various combinations of lvalues that were used during
the simulation and the resulting HQ values as input data to a regression model. Functions of the
results variables (denoted as 7s) were treated as dependent variables; for example, 7 denoted the
logarithm of the HQ. Functions of the Xs were treated as independent variables. The goals of
the approach were to
• Determine a fairly simple polynomial approximation to the simulation results that
expressed the 7s as functions of theXs
• Optimize this "response surface" and assess the importance of the various Xs by
performing statistical tests on the model parameters
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
• Rank the Xs based on their relative contribution (in terms of HQ) to the final
response surface regression model.
These goals were realized using a second-order regression model. Such a model takes
the following form:
where the /& are the least squares regression estimates of the model parameters.
The statistical significance of the parameters associated with the first-order, squared, and
cross-product terms were tested and all nonsignificant terms were removed from the model. The
parameters in this reduced model were then re-estimated and the testing was repeated. This was
Y = ft, + E M* + E ftfcX + ^ E M**/ (3-1)
k=\ k=\ k=lj=k+l
done to capture the most important independent variables (Xs) that influence the dependent
variables (7s).
Once the final regression model was developed, the input parameters (Xs) were ranked
based on the percent of the HQ accounted for by that parameter. The percent HQ was calculated
using the following equation:
D , un [FMSS-RMSS]
Percent HQ = n_2^
[FMSS + ERSS] ^ '
where
FMSS = model sum of squares for the final model
RMSS = model sum of squares for a model in which all terms involving xu are removed
(i.e., a reduced model)
ERSS = model error sum of squares.
The major steps in the sensitivity analysis are identified below, along with details on the
reasons for these steps.
1. Perform any necessary manipulations on the data set. To perform the
sensitivity analysis, the data set must contain only one record for each Monte
Carlo iteration, and all variables in the data set must be numeric.
2. Remove any variables that are constants. Any variable that was constant
across all Monte Carlo iterations does not have any effect on the resulting HQ and
was removed from the data set prior to the start of the regression analysis.
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
3 Perform transformations (e.g., log, square root) to the continuous input
variables, if necessary, so that all input variables will have approximately
symmetric distributions. Transforming the input variables so that each one has
an approximately symmetric distribution is necessary to make the standardization
of the variables meaningful (i.e., so the mean is near the midpoint of the extremes,
and the mean and standard deviation are not highly related).
4. Check the correlations of the transformed input variables and remove any
input variables that are highly correlated with other input variables in the
data set. Regression analysis measures the linear relationship between the terms
in the model and the response variable. If two or more input variables are highly
correlated with one another, then there is a strong linear relationship between
those input variables. Keeping all highly correlated variables in the model will
reduce the significance of each of the correlated input variables because each one
is essentially explaining the same linear relationship with the response variable
(i.e., the effect of one such variable may mask the effect of another).
5. Standardize the transformed variables. Standardizing the input variables (i.e.,
subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation) allows the
regression results to be independent of the magnitude of the value of the input
variables. The larger value input variables could cause the regression results to
seriously underestimate the effects of the smaller value input variables on the
changes in environmental concentration and HQ. The combination of
transforming and standardizing the input variables creates more optimal
conditions for regression analysis.
6. Use response surface regression methods to test for the main effects, squared
terms, and cross products that have the greatest effect on the log(HQ) and
develop a model for log(HQ) based on the results of the regression analysis.
After the response surface regression results are obtained, the significance of each
term on environmental concentration is evaluated. First, any second-order terms
that are determined not to have a significant effect on the environmental
concentration are dropped from the model. Any first-order term that is part of a
significant second-order term remains in the model, regardless of the level of
significance of that first-order term. For example, if the second-order term
X, x X2 has a significant effect on the environmental concentration and remains in
the model, then both of the first-order terms X, and X2 also remain in the model.
Any first-order terms that are determined not to be significant and not to have any
significant second-order terms are dropped from the model. The regression
analysis is then conducted again on the reduced model. This process is repeated
until all of the second-order terms in the model have significant effects on the
environmental concentration and no more terms can be removed. The iterative
process of dropping insignificant terms and re-evaluating the model allows only
the input variables with the greatest effect on the environmental concentration to
remain in the model.
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Section 3.0 Screening Results
7. Test for the effect of each variable on log(HQ) and use the/j-values to rank
the variables by the amount of effect each variable has on log(HQ). Because
the final model will most likely contain first- and second-order terms involving
the same input variables, F-tests must be performed to evaluate the effect of each
input variable in the final model on the log(HQ). The F-tests of each variable will
be of the form
p = [FMSS-RMSS] I [FMDF-RMDF]
FRSS I FRDF ^
where
FMSS = model sum of squares for full model
RMSS = model sum of squares for reduced model
RMDF = model degrees of freedom for reduced model
FMDF = model degrees of freedom for full model
FRSS = residual sum of squares for full model
FRDF = residual degrees of freedom for full model.
The full model refers to the model containing all significant terms in the final
log(HQ) model. The reduced model refers to the full model minus all terms
containing the input variable X whose significance is being tested. The F-tests
evaluate the effect of variable X on the HQ by evaluating the differences when
variable Xis in the regression model (full model) and when all model terms
containing variable X are removed (reduced model). If a substantial increase in
the residuals results from ignoring terms involving the variable X, then F will be
"large," implying that these factors can be considered important, in the sense that
they require different regression coefficients for the Xs. The ordering of the
^-values from such tests can then be used to rank the importance of the various
factors on the HQ. The parameters responsible for most of the HQ variability as
identified by the sensitivity analysis are presented in the accompanying tables.
Detailed results of the sensitivity analysis are presented in Attachment A to this
memorandum.
3.4.4.1 Results for Sewage Sludge Lagoons. The screening assessment for sewage
sludge managed in lagoons identified six constituents that had human health HQs greater than
one for one or more receptors: barium, 4-chloroaniline, manganese, nitrate, and nitrite. A
sensitivity analysis was performed for each receptor that had an HQ greater than one for these
constituents.
Tables 3-4 to 3-7 show the results for metals. The sensitivity analysis results for the
metals indicate that the most important variable is the metal Kd. The one metal for which we
had sludge-specific Kd values was silver, and that metal did not result in an HQ greater than one
for the sewage sludge lagoon scenario. The exposure factors are important variables for metals
in this analysis. Exposure factors most likely will not be refined in a detailed risk assessment.
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The results for metals are presented below; only receptors with an HQ greater than one are
shown. Note that in all result tables, SS stands for sum of squares and DF for degrees of
freedom.
Table 3-4. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Barium in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult)
Variable Name
Kd
Adult drinking water consumption rate
Reduced
Model SS
1505.62
21605.46
Reduced
Model DF
32
37
Full Model
SS
22411.66
22411.66
Full Model
DF
38
38
Variable
SS
20906.04
806.20
Percent
Variation
93
4
98 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-5. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Barium in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Child)
Variable Name
Kd
Child drinking water consumption rate
Reduced
Model SS
1863.173
21583.06
Reduced
Model DF
35
38
Full Model
SS
22760.94
22760.94
Full Model
DF
39
39
Variable
SS
20897.77
1177.883
Percent
Variation
92
5
98 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-6. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Manganese in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult)
Variable Name
Kd
Adult drinking water consumption rate
Adult body weight
Reduced
Model SS
828.43
2135.12
2750.71
Reduced
Model DF
28
30
30
Full Model
SS
2844.38
2844.38
2844.38
Full Model
DF
31
31
31
Variable
SS
2015.95
709.26
93.67
Percent
Variation
70.9
24.9
3.3
100 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-7. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Manganese in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Child)
Variable Name
Kd
Child drinking water consumption rate
Child body weight
Reduced
Model SS
1320.07
2163.38
3282.85
Reduced
Model DF
28
30
30
Full
Model SS
3334.88
3334.88
3334.88
Full Model
DF
31
31
31
Variable
SS
2014.82
1171.51
52.03
Percent
Variation
60
35
2
99 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
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Table 3-8 shows the results for an organic chemical (4-chloroanaline). The results of the
sensitivity analysis performed for organic constituents are not as straightforward as the results
for metals. The only organic constituent that had an HQ value greater than one was 4-
chloroaniline. The constituent 4-chloroaniline failed on the basis of the ingestion of drinking
water in the sewage sludge lagoon scenario. For this constituent, three parameters accounted for
most of the variability in the HQ values: site latitude, site longitude, and drinking water
consumption rate. Other parameters that appeared on the list were body weight, surface
impoundment descriptors, and soil parameters.
Table 3-8. Sensitivity Analysis Results for 4-Chloroaniline in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child)
Parameter
Site latitude
Consumption of drinking water
Site longitude
Reduced
Model SS
2066.16
2084.55
2356.09
Reduced
Model DF
46
54
45
Full Model
SS
2890.25
2890.25
2890.25
Full Model
DF
55
55
55
Variable
SS
824.09
805.70
534.16
Percent
Variation
29
28
18
i percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Tables 3-9 and 3-10 show the results for inorganics. The inorganic, nonmetal
constituents, nitrate and nitrite, are assumed to have a Kd of one and to move unimpeded through
the subsurface. For these constituents, only exposure parameters (drinking water consumption
rates and body weights) were identified as responsible for the variability in the HQ values.
Table 3-9. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrate in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child)
Variable Name
Drinking water consumption rate
Body weight
Reduced
Model SS
126.58
847.00
Reduced
Model DF
24
24
Full Model
SS
945.25
945.25
Full Model
DF
25
25
Variable SS
818.68
98.26
Percent
Variation
87
10
97 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-10. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrite in Sewage Sludge
Managed in Sewage Sludge Lagoons (Adult and Child)
Variable Name
Drinking water consumption rate
Body weight
Reduced
Model SS
126.58
847.00
Reduced
Model DF
24
24
Full Model
SS
945.26
945.26
Full Model
DF
25
25
Variable SS
818.68
98.26
Percent
Variation
87
10
97 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
3-18
-------
Section 3.0 Screening Results
3.4.4.2 Results for Agricultural Land Application of Sewage Sludge. The screening
assessment for sewage sludge managed by agricultural land application identified two
constituents that had human health HQs greater than one. The screening assessment does not
include groundwater modeling, but uses the leachate concentration of the constituent estimated
at a depth of 1 meter immediately under the agricultural land as the drinking water concentration
for exposure to groundwater that is used for drinking and showering. This is an extremely
protective assumption; in a detailed assessment, groundwater modeling can be included to
evaluate this pathway more realistically. The highest ranking variables for all constituents in the
sensitivity analysis for human health pathways are as follows:
• Drinking water consumption rates and body weights,
• Total amount of sludge applied to the land (rate of sludge application and the
number of years sludge is applied),
• Time period during and after sludge application when adults and children live on
the farm,
• Air modeling data (air concentrations of particles and vapors and wet and dry
deposition of particles) in various areas within the conceptual site,
• Factors that affect runoff from the farm (length-slope factor, erosivity factor,
erodibility factor, silt content of soils, and curve number applied to the farm), and
• Kd's for metals.
The distribution of values used in this assessment is from the Exposure Factors
Handbook (EFH) and represents true variability in this parameter that most likely will remain in
the detailed assessment. The air modeling variables were set to maximum values for each
geographic area for the screening assessment. These distributions can be refined in the detailed
assessment. The factor that is specific to metals is the Kd (soil-water partitioning coefficient).
The only metal with sludge-specific values for this parameter is silver. The values for the other
metals can be refined to be more appropriate for the sewage sludge matrix in the detailed
assessment.
The constituents that had HQ values greater than one for one or more human receptors
are as follows:
• Nitrite
• Silver.
The sensitivity analysis results for these chemicals are shown in Tables 3-11 to 3-13.
3-19
-------
Section 3.0
Screening Results
Table 3-11. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Nitrite in Sewage Sludge
Managed by Agricultural Land Application (Child)
Variable Name
Child (1-5 years) drinking water consumption rate
Last year sludge is applied
Year child moves to the farm
Residence period child lives on the farm
Reduced
Model
SS
2859.77
3498.32
3582.54
3593.41
Reduced
Model
DF
83
80
79
83
Full
Model
SS
3730.73
3730.73
3730.73
3730.73
Full
Model
DF
84
84
84
84
Variable
SS
870.96
232.41
148.19
137.32
Percent
Variation
23
6
4
4
64 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-12. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Silver in Sewage Sludge
Managed by Agricultural Land Application (Adult)
Variable Name
Adult drinking water consumption rate
Last year of sludge application
Residence period adult farmer lives on the farm
Year adult moves to the farm
Rainfall factor
Reduced
Model
SS
3345.80
3532.30
3563.25
3827.35
3982.22
Reduced
Model
DF
71
69
71
67
69
Full
Model
SS
4107.59
4107.59
4107.59
4107.59
4107.59
Full
Model
DF
72
72
72
72
72
Variable
SS
761.79
575.30
544.35
280.24
125.37
Percent
Variation
19
14
13
7
o
5
70 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
Table 3-13. Sensitivity Analysis Results for Silver in Sewage Sludge
Managed by Agricultural Land Application (Child)
Variable Name
Child (1-5 years) drinking water consumption rate
Last year of sludge application
Year child moves to the farm
Residence period child lives on the farm
Rate of application of sludge
Reduced
Model
SS
2305.33
2735.15
2965.26
3025.46
3040.12
Reduced
Model
DF
97
94
92
97
96
Full
Model
SS
3144.67
3144.67
3144.67
3144.67
3144.67
Full
Model
DF
98
98
98
98
98
Variable
SS
839.33
409.52
179.40
119.21
104.55
Percent
Variation
27
13
6
4
o
6
73 percent of variation is accounted for by this method.
3-20
-------
Section 4.0 References
4.0 References
CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 2003. Cal/Ecotox Database. Office of
Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Website at
http://www.oehha.org/cal_ecotox/reports.htm.
Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment. 2002. Canadian Environmental Quality
Guidelines: Update 2002. Website at http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/el_062.pdf
Carsel, R.F., and R.S. Parrish. 1988. Developing joint probability distributions of soil water
retention characteristics. Water Resources Research 24(5):755-769.
Cowherd, C., G.E. Muleski, PJ. Englehart, andD.A. Gillette. 1985. Rapid Assessment of
Exposure to Paniculate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites.
EPA/600/8-85/002. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC. February.
Efroymson, R.A., M.E. Will, and G.W. Suter, II. 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks for
Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Soil and Litter Invertebrates and
Heterotrophic Processes: 1997Revision. ES/ER/TM-126/R2. Prepared for the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management. Prepared by Lockheed
Martin Energy Systems, Oak Ridge, TN. November.
Efroymson, R.A., M.E. Will, G.W. Suter, II, and A.C. Wooten. 1997. Toxicological
Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Terrestrial
Plants: 1997 Revision. ES/ER/TM-85/R3. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Environmental Management. Prepared by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems,
Oak Ridge, TN. November.
Jones, D.S., G.W. Suter, and R.N. Hull. 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening
Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota: 1997
Revision. ES/ER/TM-95/R4. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Environmental Management. Prepared by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Oak Ridge,
TN. November.
Sample, B.E., D.M. Opresko, and G.W. Suter, II. 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Wildlife:
1996 Revision. ES/ER/TM-86/R3. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Environmental Management. Prepared by Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences
Research Division, Oak Ridge, TN. June.
4-1
-------
Section 4.0 References
Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Stokes Field Guide to Birds. 1st edition. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company.
Suter, G.W., II, and C.L. Tsao. 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential
Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Aquatic Biota: 1996 Revision.
ES/ER/TM-96/R2. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Environmental Management. Prepared by Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences
Research Division, Oak Ridge, TN. June.
Terres, J.K. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf.
U.S. DOC (Department of Commerce). 1994. Census of Agriculture. Geographic Area Series
State and County Data. 1992 Data. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Technical Support Document for Land
Application of Sewage Sludge. Volume I. EPA 822/R-93-001a. Office of Water,
Washington, DC. November.
U. S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook.
Volumes I and II. EPA/600/R-93/187. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
and Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. December.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1995a. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors. Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Fifth Edition. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. January.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1995b. User's Guide for the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Models. Volume II: Description of Model Algorithms.
EPA-454/B-95-003b. Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. Technical Support Document for the
Round Two Sewage Sludge Pollutants. EPA-822-R-96-003. Office of Water,
Washington, DC. August.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997a. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume 1
- General Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC. August. Website at http://www.epa.gov/ncea/exposfac.htm.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997b. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume II
- Food Ingestion Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC. August. Website at http://www.epa.gov/ncea/exposfac.htm.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997c. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume III
- Activity Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Office of Research and Development,
Washington, DC. August. Website at http://www.epa.gov/ncea/exposfac.htm.
-------
Section 4.0 References
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk
Assessment (Final). EPA/630/R-95/002F. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1999a. Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS). National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, DC. October. Website at
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1999b. Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund, Volume 3, Part A, Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Exposure and Human Health
Reassessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds.
EPA/600/P-00/001Bg. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, DC. September.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001a. FIRST: A Screening Model To Estimate
Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water. Office of Pesticide Programs. May.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001b. Industrial Surface Impoundments in the
United States. EPA530-R-01-005. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC. March. Website at http://www.epa.gov/
epaoswer/hazwaste/ldr/icr/impdfs/sisreprt.pdf.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2002a. National Recommended Water Quality
Criteria. EPA-822-R-02-047. Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2002b. Standards for the use or disposal of
sewage sludge. Federal Register 16(113), 40554-40576.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2003a. Environmental Fate and Effects Division
Ecotoxicological Database. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2003b. ECOTOX database. Available at:
http://www.epa.gov/med/databases/databases.htm.
4-3
-------
Appendix A
Characterization of Surface Impoundments
-------
-------
Appendix A Characterization of Surface Impoundments
Appendix A
Characterization of Surface Impoundments
The surface impoundments modeled in the sewage sludge screening analysis were
selected from the population of surface impoundments that manage industrial nonhazardous
wastewaters identified in the Surface Impoundment Study (SIS) survey conducted by EPA's
Office of Solid Waste {Industrial Surface Impoundments in the United States., March 2001, EPA
530-R-01-005). Because sewage sludge disposal lagoons are generally nonaerated and tend to
hold sewage sludge for a long time, only the nonaerated SIS survey impoundments with
residence times greater than 2 years were used to represent sewage sludge lagoons in the
screening analysis.1 In addition, all of the impoundments modeled are assumed to be unlined.
The dimensions and locations of these surface impoundments are included as Attachment A to
this appendix.
Al.O Location of Surface Impoundments
The surface impoundments modeled in this analysis were modeled at the locations
reported for them in the SIS survey. These nonhazardous surface impoundments are located
throughout the United States in a wide array of settings. Some facilities are located in rural areas
adjacent to agricultural land use, whereas other facilities are in heavily populated residential
areas or are part of a concentration of industrial activity. Generally, surface impoundments are
located in areas with fairly significant precipitation levels and availability of water.
A2.0 Surface Impoundment Size
As evidenced in Attachment A to this appendix, impoundments vary considerably in
surface area and depth. Impoundment size is an important factor in assessing the potential for
human exposure to chemicals managed at these facilities. For the air pathway, volatilization
potential can increase at larger impoundments as a result of the increase in surface area exposed
to the atmosphere at these impoundments. Increasing impoundment size also increases impacts
through the groundwater pathway from the unlined impoundments considered in the sewage
sludge lagoon analysis.
The hydraulic residence time was calculated using the volumetric flow rate for the surface impoundment. For those impoundments
for which the survey did not identified a flow rate, the residence time was randomly selected out of a uniform distribution of values between 2
and 50 years.
-------
Appendix A Characterization of Surface Impoundments
A3.0 Proximity of Humans to Surface Impoundments
The proximity of human receptors to surface impoundments has a great impact on the
potential for exposure through air and groundwater pathways. For air, EPA has generally
observed a significant decline in the concentration of airborne chemicals in a plume as the
distance from the source increases. Because of this sensitivity and the uncertainties in the
location of human receptors around any particular sewage sludge lagoons, a national distribution
was used to vary receptor distance when assessing human exposure to sewage sludge pollutants
through the air pathway. For each iteration of the probabilistic analysis, the closest human
receptors were assumed to reside at a randomly selected distances of 75, 150, 250, or 500 meters
from the lagoon. Because sewage sludge lagoons are located in both urban and rural settings,
EPA believes that this is a reasonable distribution of distances to represent maximumly exposed
receptors in a screening analysis.
The movement of a contaminant plume in groundwater to human receptors is influenced
by a host of factors ranging from soil and aquifer conditions to the distance to a drinking water
well. Attenuation through the groundwater pathway between the lagoon and a downgradient was
represented very simply in this analysis as a dilution attenuation factor (DAF), which is the
contaminant concentration in the leachate leaving the lagoon divided by the concentration at the
receptor well. For all model runs, a DAF of 2 was applied to the leachate concentrations
immediately below the impoundment to estimate the concentration at a downgradient drinking
water well (i.e., the well concentration was set at half the leachate concentration). This factor is
the 10th percentile DAF determined in the SIS for all chemicals managed in all surface
impoundments, and EPA believes it is a reasonably protective DAF to use in this screening
analysis.
A4.0 References
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001. Industrial Surface Impoundments in the
United States. EPA-530-R-01-005. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC. March. Web site at
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ldr/icr/impdfs/sisreprt.pdf.
A-4
-------
Appendix A
Attachment A:
Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
-------
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
2701-1
03822 (Savannah)
1040
4378-1 03822 (Savannah) 26710
4378-2 03822 (Savannah) 30350
4378-2 03822 (Savannah) 30350
9063-9 03822 (Savannah) 81030
9063-9 03822 (Savannah) 81030
9063-9 03822 (Savannah) 81030
0.50
5.34
4.42
..24
4.77
5.61
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
6790-6 03937 (Lake Charles) 1244
6790-6 03937 (Lake Charles) 1244
6790-6 03937 (Lake Charles) 1244
6790-7 03937 (Lake Charles) 743.2
2.32
3.68
5.72
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
7146-1 03947 (Kansas City) 1030
1269-1 03947 (Kansas City) 1684
7.32
7.02
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-3
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
7765-3 03947 (Kansas City)
1698
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
7146-2 03947 (Kansas City) 724.4
1.78
4.27
4.53
5.62
6.10
6.15
7.01
7.11
7.47
7.48
7.64
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
0.63
0.73
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-4
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
0.78
0.84
0.86
0.90
0.91
0.93
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.04
1.07
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-5
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1.17
1.20
1.26
1.30
1.31
1.35
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.43
1.44
1.50
1.51
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-6
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1.58
1.67
1.69
1.75
1.84
1.93
1.94
1.96
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.07
2.19
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-7
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
2.22
2.23
2.28
2.31
2.43
2.75
2.82
2.87
3.02
5.25
3.35
3.37
5.38
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-8
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk) 2935
3.72
5.79
3.89
.94
4.34
4.41
5.25
5.92
5.96
6.16
6.32
6.55
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-9
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1361-1 13737 (Norfolk)
2935
6.89
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3268-1 13739 (Philadelphia) 2090
8984-7 13739 (Philadelphia) 3579
1.53
.60
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
12.85
2232-2 13739 (Philadelphia) 486.5
0.68
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
4595-9 13873 (Athens)
44870
1.22
2.50
8848-1 13874 (Atlanta)
173.9
1.22
15.35
6782-3 13874 (Atlanta)
92.9
6.67
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2748-11 13880 (Charleston) 1619
2748-12 13880 (Charleston) 1619
2748-8 13880 (Charleston) 18210
2748-10 13880 (Charleston) 4856
2748-9 13880 (Charleston) 4856
1.74
2.44
.21
5.80
4.15
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-10
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
2748-7
2748-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
7848-3
Location
13880
13880
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
13897
(Charleston)
(Charleston)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
(Nashville)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
9308
9680
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
1856
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
2.14
7.78
2.33
2.36
2.38
2.51
2.57
2.78
3.49
3.50
3.80
3.88
3.90
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-11
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
7848-3 13897 (Nashville) 1856
8689-2 13897 (Nashville) 6961
4.13
4.44
4.55
4.68
4.89
4.96
7.43
9.85
5.18
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
12.69
1579-1 13957 (Shreveport) 766
3864-1 13957 (Shreveport) 809400
2.29
5.05
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3578-7 13963 (Little Rock) 11870
1.45
4126-6 13963 (Little Rock) 214500
3.66
5.68
A-A- 12
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
3578-9 13963 (Little Rock)
4608
1.53
5.10
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-3 13967 (Oklahoma City) 1986
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
1.25
2.25
2.47
2.68
.41
4.00
4.57
5.43
5.67
6.03
6.09
1.27
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-13
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
3770-4 13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277
1.42
1.48
1.71
1.76
1.82
1.92
2.16
2.48
2.49
.31
3.69
4.50
4.54
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-14
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
3770-4
9487-1
9487-1
9487-1
9487-1
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location Surface Area Depth of
(m2) Impoundment
(m)
13967 (Oklahoma City) 2277 6.06
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa) 1524 2.02
(Tulsa) 1524 2.17
(Tulsa) 1524 3.55
(Tulsa) 1524 8.47
(Tulsa) 26 0.64
(Tulsa) 26 0.65
(Tulsa) 26 0.66
(Tulsa) 26 0.67
(Tulsa) 26 0.69
(Tulsa) 26 0.70
(Tulsa) 26 0.71
(Tulsa) 26 0.72
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-15
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
0.74
0.79
0.80
0.82
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.92
0.94
0.96
1.02
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-16
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.23
1.24
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-17
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
1.28 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.33 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.37 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1 .46 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1 .47 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.49 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.52 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.54 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.56 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.57 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1 .60 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.61 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.73 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-18
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
1.80 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.86 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.88 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.89 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
1.97 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.01 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.10 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.15 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.18 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.20 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.26 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.37 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.41 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-19
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
2.45 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.54 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.56 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.69 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.81 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.84 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.86 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.89 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.90 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.91 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.93 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.94 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.96 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 20
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
2.98 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.99 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .00 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .06 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.17 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.19 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .20 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .27 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.29 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.32 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .40 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3 .42 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.51 Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-21
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.64
3.66
3.84
3.85
3.93
3.95
3.96
4.19
4.25
4.36
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 22
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
Location
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
13968
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
(Tulsa)
Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
4.58
4.65
4.83
4.84
4.85
5.09
5.20
5.32
5.35
5.39
6.46
6.58
6.65
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 23
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Surface
Impoundment
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
5980-2
1663-1
2058-6
Table A-A-1. Surface
Location
13968 (Tulsa)
13968 (Tulsa)
13968 (Tulsa)
13968 (Tulsa)
13968 (Tulsa)
13994 (St Louis)
Impoundment Descriptive
Surface Area
(m2)
26
26
26
26
580.6
480000
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
6.66
7.05
8.78
9.38
1.83
4.80
Data
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
3647-1 14740 (Hartford) 913.8
0.75
2.30
2.55
2.58
2.83
4.97
5.14
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 24
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Surface
Impoundment
3647-1
3647-1
6177-6
6177-7
6177-7
6177-7
6177-7
6177-7
6177-7
6177-7
2837-1
2837-2
Table A-A-1. Surface
Location
14740 (Hartford)
14740 (Hartford)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14764 (Portland)
14840 (Muskegon)
14840 (Muskegon)
Impoundment Descriptive
Surface Area Depth of
(m2) Impoundment
(m)
913.8 9.40
913.8 9.79
45790 3.36
6070 1.77
6070 3.23
6070 4.03
6070 4.38
6070 4.51
6070 5.87
6070 6.72
8763 3.05
8877 4.27
Data
Hydraulic Residence Time
(yrs)
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.37
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
3.33
9.45
A-A- 25
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
1137-4 23174 (Los Angeles)
29260
5.68
4.17
1137-1 23174 (Los Angeles) 9394
1.22
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
7695-5 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-5 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-5 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-5 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-5 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
2.06
2.27
2.46
.11
6.54
1.65
1.85
3.22
3.56
4.86
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 26
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location
Impoundment
Surface Area Depth of
(m2) Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-6 23232 (Sacramento) 1619
7695-7 23232 (Sacramento) 161900
7695-7 23232 (Sacramento) 161900
7695-7 23232 (Sacramento) 161900
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
5.74
6.07
7.08
2.42
2.97
3.25
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.27
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
..74
2.62
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
4.58
3.20
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
4.86
..40
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
4.92
3.44
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
5.01
3.50
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
5.62
A-A- 27
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
8458-1 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
6.06
8458-2 23232 (Sacramento) 29140
5.05
2.13
4972-4 23234 (San Francisco) 2420
4972-1 23234 (San Francisco) 6475
2.05
1.11
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
6728-1 24018 (Cheyenne) 1001
6728-1 24018 (Cheyenne) 1001
6728-1 24018 (Cheyenne) 1001
6728-1 24018 (Cheyenne) 1001
6728-6 24018 (Cheyenne) 116600
2.60
.45
4.47
4.66
5.36
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2.46
6728-2 24018 (Cheyenne) 1281
6728-2 24018 (Cheyenne) 1281
6728-2 24018 (Cheyenne) 1281
6728-5 24018 (Cheyenne) 3518
4.32
5.76
1.87
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 28
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location
Impoundment
Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
(m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
6728-5 24018 (Cheyenne) 3518
6728-5 24018 (Cheyenne) 3518
6728-5 24018 (Cheyenne) 3518
6728-5 24018 (Cheyenne) 3518
2.08
4.90
7.28
9.02
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
2710-1 24033 (Billings) 1486
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810
1.53
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.63
0.63
0.65
0.65
0.65
4.84
6.14
6.13
6.15
6.31
6.22
6.47
6.45
6.46
A-A- 29
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.65 6.44
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.67 6.68
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.67 6.64
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.68 6.80
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.68 6.76
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.69 6.84
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.71 7.07
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.71 7.06
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.71 7.02
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.71 7.09
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.72 7.13
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.72 7.12
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.72 7.14
A-A- 30
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.72 7.17
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.72 7.16
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.73 7.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.74 7.38
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.75 7.42
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.76 7.53
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.77 7.62
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.77 7.69
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.79 7.83
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.79 7.84
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.81 8.11
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.82
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.84
A-A-31
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.85
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.85
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.86
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.86
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.86
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.88
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.89
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.89
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.90
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.90
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.92 9.15
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.93 9.28
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.94 9.36
A-A- 32
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.94 9.39
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.95 9.46
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.95 9.50
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.96 9.53
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.97 9.68
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.97 9.64
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.98 9.76
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.98 9.71
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.98 9.72
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 0.98 9.78
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.00 9.99
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.02 10.19
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.04 10.36
A-A- 33
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.06 10.57
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.07 10.60
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.08 10.77
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.08 10.79
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.08 10.72
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.08 10.70
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.09 10.82
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.10 10.96
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.10 10.98
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.11 11.04
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.11 11.00
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.13 11.24
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.15 11.46
A-A- 34
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.15 11.43
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.15 11.40
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.17 11.63
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.18 11.78
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.19 11.89
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.19 11.87
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.20 11.94
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.20 11.92
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.21 12.07
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.22 12.10
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.23 12.23
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.24 12.34
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.24 12.32
A-A- 35
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.24 12.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.24 12.33
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.25 12.40
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.25 12.42
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.25 12.39
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.26 12.53
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.27 12.59
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.27 12.67
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.27 12.68
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.29 12.86
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.29 12.79
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.29 12.87
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.29 12.81
A-A- 36
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.34 13.31
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.35 13.44
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.35 13.41
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.41 14.07
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.42 14.18
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.44 14.32
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.44 14.34
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.46 14.57
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.47 14.60
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.47 14.66
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.49 14.80
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.49 14.79
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.51 15.03
A-A- 37
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.51 15.05
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.52 15.09
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.53 15.24
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.53 15.19
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.54 15.28
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.54 15.35
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.55 15.40
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.55 15.39
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.55 15.47
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.56 15.48
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.58 15.75
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.60 15.90
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.60 15.93
A-A- 38
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.60 15.89
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.61 15.99
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.63 16.21
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.63 16.27
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.64 16.34
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.65 16.39
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.66 16.52
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.68 16.70
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.69 16.81
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.69 16.80
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.70 16.96
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.72 17.09
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.76 17.48
A-A- 39
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.83 18.23
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.86 18.50
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.86 18.51
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.92 19.13
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.92 19.10
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.95 19.37
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 1.95 19.44
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.04 20.28
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.07 20.65
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.07 20.63
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.07 20.59
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.09 20.83
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.10 20.92
A-A- 40
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.12 21.13
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.13 21.18
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.17 21.55
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.18 21.66
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.19 21.80
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.19 21.83
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.20 21.92
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.21 22.03
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.21 22.02
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.22 22.05
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.23 22.23
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.23 22.21
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.25 22.35
A-A-41
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.26 22.54
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.27 22.57
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.27 22.56
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.30 22.87
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.36 23.47
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.39 23.81
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.40 23.92
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.41 23.99
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.41 23.96
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.43 24.22
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.44 24.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.44 24.29
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.45 24.35
A-A- 42
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.46 24.53
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.47 24.54
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.54 25.29
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.55 25.35
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.57 25.58
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.68 26.64
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.70 26.90
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.74 27.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.75 27.34
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.76 27.52
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.81 28.01
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.88 28.63
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.88 28.68
A-A- 43
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.91 28.97
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.92 29.08
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.96 29.48
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 2.97 29.55
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.03 30.12
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.04 30.29
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.06 30.45
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.13 31.20
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.16 31.48
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.21 31.94
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.25 32.39
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.27 32.53
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.29 32.79
A-A- 44
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.36 33.41
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.42 34.05
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.46 34.42
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.47 34.58
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.60 35.81
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.62 36.06
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.64 36.19
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.72 37.01
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.73 37.16
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.79 37.75
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.79 37.71
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.80 37.81
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.83 38.17
A-A- 45
-------
Appendix A -A Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.91 38.87
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.92 39.05
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 3.95 39.31
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.01 39.96
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.02 39.99
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.07 40.48
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.09 40.68
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.10 40.83
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.28 42.61
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.35 43.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.37 43.48
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.38 43.63
9793-2 24033 (Billings) 1810 4.40 43.84
A-A- 46
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.52
45.00
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
45.13
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.55
45.30
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.60
45.79
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.70
46.82
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.71
46.88
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.78
47.57
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.88
48.59
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
4.89
48.63
9793-2 24033 (Billings)
1810
5.01
49.90
2710-4 24033 (Billings) 27.9
4115-2 24033 (Billings) 3333
4115-2 24033 (Billings) 3333
0.61
1.68
5.13
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 47
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
4115-2 24033 (Billings)
3333
4115-1 24033 (Billings) 5549
4115-1 24033 (Billings) 5549
4115-1 24033 (Billings) 5549
4115-1 24033 (Billings) 5549
6.01
2.40
.10
3.36
4.05
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
2.08
2.11
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
2.14
2.17
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
2.59
2.64
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
3.00
3.04
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
3.22
3.27
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
5.65
5.70
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
3.69
3.75
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
4.06
4.12
A-A- 48
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface Location Surface Area Depth of Hydraulic Residence Time
Impoundment (m2) Impoundment (yrs)
(m)
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
4.63
4.71
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
5.29
5.38
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
5.49
5.58
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
5.80
5.89
6055-3 93819 (Indianapolis) 20230
6.26
6.36
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder)
8589-1 94018 (Boulder)
1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
1.29
1.32
1.34
1.45
1.70
1.81
1.91
1.95
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 49
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
2.04
2.09
2.13
2.52
2.64
2.66
2.67
5.07
3.16
.18
3.43
3.44
.54
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 50
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
3.74
..75
5.97
4.02
4.06
4.07
4.10
4.11
4.26
4.29
4.35
4.46
4.52
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A-51
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
4.95
5.00
5.12
5.27
5.31
5.40
5.48
5.55
5.97
6.02
6.05
6.37
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 52
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
8589-1 94018 (Boulder) 1299
6.50
6.51
6.64
6.83
7.94
9.05
9.88
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
8672-2 94823 (Pittsburgh) 1301
8672-2 94823 (Pittsburgh) 1301
8672-2 94823 (Pittsburgh) 1301
1.79
2.92
7.31
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 53
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
0.62
0.76
0.77
0.81
0.95
1.06
1.36
1.38
1.55
1.59
1.63
1.66
1.90
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 54
-------
Appendix A-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table A-A-1. Surface Impoundment Descriptive Data
Surface
Impoundment
Location
Surface Area
(m2)
Depth of
Impoundment
(m)
Hydraulic Residence Time
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
1471-1 94846 (Chicago) 540
2.24
2.95
.01
3.30
5.99
4.14
4.20
4.73
5.18
6.23
7.70
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
Taken from a uniform
distribution of values
between 2-50 yrs
A-A- 55
-------
Appendix B
Farm Size and Location
-------
-------
Appendix B
Farm Size and Location
Appendix B
Farm Size and Location
The agricultural field area was assumed to be the median area for farms in each climatic
region. The agricultural field sizes were taken from the county-level data provided in the Census
of Agriculture. The Census of Agriculture (U.S. DOC, 1989, 1994) provides periodic and
comprehensive statistics about agricultural operations, production, operators, and land use. It is
conducted every 5 years for years ending in 2 and 7. Its coverage includes all operators of U.S.
farms or ranches (Division A, SIC 01-02) that sold or normally would have sold at least $1,000
worth of agricultural products during the census year. In 1992, approximately 1.9 million
operators produced $162 billion in crops and livestock. Data for 1987 and 1992 were averaged.
The median farm size was determined for all counties in each of the 41 climatic regions. From
this distribution, the average farm size for each climatic region was determined. No data on field
size were available, so field size was assumed equal to farm size. The agricultural field sizes
used in this analysis are presented in Table B-l. The farm size was important in this analysis for
the air dispersion and deposition and soil erosion pathways. The larger the source, the greater
the offsite concentrations due to air deposition and erosion.
Table B-l. Median Farm Size for Each Climatic Region
Climatic Region Name
(Selected Met. Station)
Seattle, WA
Boise, ID
Billings, MT
Burlington, VT
Portland, OR
Bismarck, ND
Minneapolis, MN
Salem, OR
Muskegon,MI
Chicago, IL
Cleveland, OH
Winnemucca, NV
Casper, WY
Hartford, CT
Median Farm Size (Acres)
40.10
194.40
1241.70
159.20
98.20
923.80
208.60
44.60
117.10
177.60
109.20
162.30
829.60
50.00
(continued)
B-3
-------
Appendix B
Farm Size and Location
Table B-l. (continued)
Climatic Region Name
(Selected Met. Station)
San Francisco, CA
Williamsport, PA
Salt Lake City, UT
Fresno, CA
Lincoln, NE
Philadelphia, PA
Denver, CO
Harrisburg, PA
Norfolk, VA
Huntington, WV
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Nashville, TN
Asheville, NC
Las Vegas, NV
Little Rock, AR
Tulsa, OK
Albuquerque, NM
Los Angeles, CA
Charleston, SC
Atlanta, GA
Phoenix, AZ
Meridian, MS
Shreveport, LA
New Orleans, LA
Houston, TX
Miami, FL
Tampa, FL
Median Farm Size (Acres)
39.80
127.10
143.50
46.80
282.20
39.00
738.00
102.80
97.50
86.70
85.40
94.40
55.40
97.60
159.10
184.00
464.30
24.20
80.40
105.90
339.70
123.00
110.90
90.90
123.50
39.60
67.00
References
U.S. DOC (Department of Commerce). 1989. 1987 Census of Agriculture. Volume 1,
Geographic Area Series State and County Data. Bureau of the Census, Economics and
Statistics Administration, Washington, DC.
B-4
-------
Appendix B Farm Size and Location
U.S. DOC (Department of Commerce). 1994. 1992 Census of Agriculture. Geographic Area
Series State and County Data. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.
B-5
-------
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
-------
-------
Appendix C Meteorological Data
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
Five years of representative meteorological data were processed for this analysis. The
data gathered included surface data, upper-air data, and precipitation data. These observational
data were used as Industrial Source Complex, Short-Term Model, Version 3 (ISCST3), inputs.
Surface Data. Hourly surface meteorological data used in air dispersion modeling were
processed from the Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation Network (SAMSON) CD-
ROM (U.S. DOC and U.S. DOE, 1993). Variables included
Temperature
Pressure
Wind direction
Windspeed
Opaque cloud cover
Ceiling height
Current weather
Hourly precipitation.
Upper-Air Data. Twice-daily mixing-height data were calculated from upper-air data
contained in the radiosonde data of the North America CD-ROM set (NCDC, 1997). This set
contains upper-air data from 1946 through 1996 for most upper-air stations in the United States.
The upper-air data were combined with the SAMSON data to create the mixing-height files.
EPA's Support Center for Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM) bulletin board was also used to
obtain mixing-height data (if available) when mixing-height data could not be successfully
calculated from the radiosonde data. The mixing heights used in this risk assessment were
variable and were based on hourly ceiling height observations used in the ISCST3 air model.
Filling in Missing Data. Missing surface data were identified using a program called
SQAQC, which searched for incidents of missing data on the observation indicator, opaque
cloud cover, temperature, station pressure, wind direction and speed, and ceiling height. Years
that were missing 10 percent or more of the data were discarded (Atkinson and Lee, 1992).
Verification (quality control, or QC) checks were performed on the SQAQC program by
applying it to station data where the missing data were known and by intentionally degrading
surface meteorological files and then running SQAQC to detect the missing values.
Missing surface data were filled in by a program called METFIX. This program fills in
up to 5 consecutive hours of data for cloud cover, ceiling height, temperature, pressure, wind
direction, and windspeed. For single missing values, the program follows the objective
procedures developed by Atkinson and Lee (1992). For two to five consecutive missing values,
other rules were developed because the subjective methods provided by Atkinson and Lee
(1992) rely on professional judgment and could not be programmed. The METFIX program
-------
Appendix C Meteorological Data
flagged files where missing data exceeded five consecutive values. In the few cases where this
occurred and the missing data did not constitute 10 percent of the file, they were filled in
manually according to procedures set forth in Atkinson and Lee (1992). If more than 10 percent
of the data were missing, the station was discarded and another station in the climatic region was
selected.
All upper-air files were checked for missing data using a program called QAQC. QAQC
produces a log file containing occurrences of missing mixing height. Verification (QC) checks
were performed on the QAQC program by applying it to station data where the missing data
were known and by intentionally degrading existing mixing height files and then running QAQC
to detect the missing values.
Missing mixing heights were filled in by interpolating one to five consecutive missing
values. According to Atkinson and Lee (1992), if there are one to five consecutive missing
values, the values should be filled in subjectively using professional judgment. Again,
programming these subjective procedures was not feasible, and the program used simple linear
interpolation to fill in these values automatically. Information from Atkinson and Lee (1992)
was used to determine which files should be discarded (i.e., files missing more than five
consecutive missing values or missing 10 percent or more of the data). After the missing mixing
heights were filled in for all upper-air files, they were checked once more for missing data using
the QAQC program.
Other Meteorological Data. In addition to the surface and upper-air data, air modeling
requires the input of the following meteorological parameters (U.S. EPA, 1995):
Minimum Monin-Obukhov length (m)
Anemometer height (m)
Roughness length (m), surface meteorological station
Roughness length (m), area around facility
Noontime albedo
Bowen ratio
Anthropogenic heat flux (W/m2)
Fraction net radiation absorbed by the ground.
Anemometer height was collected from local climatic data summaries (NOAA, 1983).
When anemometer height was not available, the station was assigned the most common
anemometer height from the other stations. This value was 6.1 m.
Land use information is required for determining a number of inputs. To obtain this
information, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the land use within a
3 km radius around each meteorological station by using Geographic Retrieval and Analysis
System (GIRAS) spatial data with Anderson land use codes (Anderson et al., 1976).
A weighted average, based on the land use percentages for a 3 km radius around each
meteorological station, was used to estimate the Bowen ratio, minimum Monin-Obukhov length,
the noontime albedo, the roughness height at the meteorological station, and the fraction of net
radiation absorbed by the ground. The Bowen ratio is a measure of the amount of moisture at the
-------
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
surface around a meteorological station. The wetness of a location was determined based on the
annual average precipitation amount. For this analysis, the annual average values were applied.
The minimum Monin-Obukhov length, a measure of the atmospheric stability at a
meteorological station, was correlated with the land use classification. Noontime albedo values
also were correlated with land use around a meteorological station. Table C-l presents the
crosswalk between the Anderson land use codes from the GIRAS database and the PCRAMMET
land use designations used in the air modeling. Other data used in the ISCST3 modeling are
presented in Tables C-2 through C-5. These are the Bowen ratio (C-2), the minimum Monin-
Obukhov length (C-3), Albedo values (C-4), and surface roughness length (C-5).
The surface roughness length is a measure of the height of obstacles to the wind flow. It
is not equal to the physical dimensions of the obstacles but is generally proportional to them.
The roughness height was assumed to be the same at the meteorological station and at the farm
site.
Table C-l. Relation between Anderson Land Use Codes
and PCRAMMET Land Use Codes
Anderson Code and Description3
51
52
53
54
41
61
42
43
62
84
21
22
23
24
31
32
33
11
12
13
14
Streams and canals
Lakes
Reservoirs
Bays and estuaries
Deciduous forest land
Forested wetland
Evergreen forest land
Mixed forest land
Nonforested wetland
Wet tundra
Cropland and pasture
Orchards-groves-vineyards-nurseries-ornamental
Confined feeding operations
Other agricultural land
Herbaceous rangeland
Shrub and brush rangeland
Mixed rangeland
Residential
Commercial and services
Industrial
Transportation-communication-utilities
PCRAMMET Type and Description15
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
9
9
9
9
Water surface
Water surface
Water surface
Water surface
Deciduous forest
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
Mixed forest
Swamp (nonforested)
Swamp (nonforested)
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Rangeland (grassland)
Rangeland (grassland)
Rangeland (grassland)
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
(continued)
C-5
-------
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
Table C-l. (continued)
Anderson Code and Description"
15
16
17
71
72
73
74
75
76
81
82
83
85
91
92
Industrial and commercial complexes
Mixed urban or built-up land
Other urban or built-up land
Dry salt flats
Beaches
Sandy areas not beaches
Bare exposed rock
Strip mines-quarries-gravel pits
Transitional areas
Shrub and brush tundra
Herbaceous tundra
Bare ground
Mixed tundra
Perennial snowfields
Glaciers
RAMMET Type and Description15
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Urban
Urban
Urban
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
Desert shrubland
3 Anderson codes from Anderson et al. (1976).
b PCRAMMET codes from U.S. EPA (1995).
Table C-2. Daytime Bowen Ratio by Land Use and Season
Land Use Type
Water surface
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
Swamp
Cultivated land
(agricultural)
Grassland
Urban
Desert shrubland
Spring
Dry
0.1
1.5
1.5
0.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
Wet
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.0
Avg.
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
3.0
Summer
Dry
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.2
1.5
2.0
4.0
6.0
Wet
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
5.0
Avg.
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.8
2.0
4.0
Autumn
Dry
0.1
2.0
1.5
0.2
2.0
2.0
4.0
10.0
Wet
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
Avg.
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.7
1.0
2.0
6.0
Winter
Dry
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
Wet
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.0
Avg.
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.0
Annual
Average
Dry
0.575
1.53
1.4
0.65
1.63
1.75
3.0
7.75
Wet
0.15
0.35
0.275
0.2
0.35
0.425
0.75
2.5
Avg.
0.45
0.875
0.825
0.45
0.75
0.825
1.6
4.75
Source: U.S. EPA (1995). Averages were computed for this effort.
C-6
-------
Appendix C
Meteorological Data
Table C-3. Minimum Monin-Obukhov Length
(Stable Conditions)
Urban Land Use Classification
Agriculture (open)
Residential
Compact residential/industrial
Commercial (19-40 story buildings)
(> 40 story buildings)
Length (m)
2
25
50
100
150
Source: U.S. EPA (1995).
Table C-4. Albedo Values of Natural Ground Covers for Land Use Types and Seasons
Land Use Type
Water surface
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
Swamp
Cultivated land (agricultural)
Grassland
Urban
Desert shrubland
Spring
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.14
0.3
Summer
0.1
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.28
Autumn
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.18
0.28
Winter
0.2
0.5
0.35
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.35
0.45
Annual Average
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.18
0.28
0.29
0.21
0.33
Source: U.S. EPA (1995). Average values were computed for this analysis.
Table C-5. Surface Roughness Length for Land Use Types and Seasons (meters)
Land Use Type
Water surface
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
Swamp
Cultivated land (agricultural)
Grassland
Urban
Desert shrubland
Spring
0.0001
1.0
1.3
0.2
0.03
0.05
1.0
0.3
Summer
0.0001
1.3
1.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.3
Autumn
0.0001
0.8
1.3
0.2
0.05
0.01
1.0
0.3
Winter
0.0001
0.5
1.3
0.05
0.01
0.001
1.0
0.15
Annual Average
0.0001
0.9
1.3
0.16
0.07
0.04
1.0
0.26
Source: U.S. EPA (1995). Average values were computed for this analysis.
C-7
-------
Appendix C Meteorological Data
During daytime hours, the heat flux into the ground is parameterized as a fraction of the
net radiation incident on the ground. This fraction varies based on land use. A value of 0.15 was
used for rural locations. Suburban and urban locations were given values of 0.22 and 0.27,
respectively (U.S. EPA, 1995).
Anthropogenic heat flux for a meteorological station can usually be neglected in areas
outside of highly urbanized locations; however, in areas with high population densities or energy
use, such as an industrial facility, this flux may not always be negligible (U.S. EPA, 1995). For
this analysis, anthropogenic heat flux was assumed to be zero for all meteorological stations.
Meteorological Data. Meteorological stations selected for purposes of air dispersion
modeling also provided long-term climatic data that were necessary for fate and transport
modeling. For each of the 41 stations (see Attachment A to this appendix for details regarding
station selection), the following data were compiled:
Mean annual wind direction
Mean annual windspeed
Average temperature
Average annual runoff
Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) rainfall/erosivity factor.
References
Atkinson, D., and R.F. Lee. 1992. Procedures for Substituting Values for Missing NWS
Meteorological Data for Use in Regulatory Air Quality Models. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Anderson, J.R., E.E. Hardy, J.T. Roach, and R.E. Witmer. 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover
Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. U.S. Geological Survey
Professional Paper 964. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Web site at
http://mapping.usgs.gov/pub/ti/LULC/lulcpp964/lulcpp964.txt.
NCDC (National Climatic Data Center). 1997. Radiosonde Data of North America: 1946 1996.
Version 1.0. Asheville, NC. June.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 1983. Local Climatological Data,
Annual Summaries for 1982: Part I - ALA - MONT and Part II - NEB - WYO. U. S.
Department of Commerce, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information
Service, Asheville, NC.
U.S. DOC (Department of Commerce) and U.S. DOE (Department of Energy) National
Renewable Energy Laboratory. 1993. Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation
Network (SAMSON), 1961 1990. Version 1.0. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville,
NC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. User's Guide for the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Models. Volume II: Description of Model Algorithms.
EPA-454/B-95-003b. Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September.
-------
Appendix C
Attachment A:
Climate Region Selection
-------
-------
Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
Appendix C
Attachment A:
Climate Region Selection
C-A1.0 Background
Dispersion and deposition of volatile and paniculate contaminants and air concentrations
of contaminants at specified receptor locations are estimated with EPA's Industrial Source
Complex, Short-Term Model, Version 3 (ISCST3). ISCST3 calculates dispersion, deposition
and air concentrations. Running ISCST3 is time consuming and requires extensive technical
expertise. Therefore, dispersion and deposition were modeled using ISCST3 for selected
scenarios designed to cover a broad range of characteristics. For this analysis, these scenarios
include
• 41 meteorological stations, chosen to represent the nine general climate regions of
the continental United States
• 41 farm sizes representing the median farm size for each climate region
The remainder of this section details how the country was divided into areas that could be
adequately represented by one meteorological station.
C-A2.0 Approach
Bailey's ecoregions and subregions of the United States (Bailey et al., 1994) are used to
associate coverage areas with meteorological stations. This hierarchical classification scheme is
based primarily on rainfall regimes; subregions are delineated by elevation and other factors
affecting ecology.
The approach used involved two main steps:
1. Identify contiguous areas that are sufficiently similar with regard to the
parameters that affect dispersion that they can be reasonably represented by one
meteorological station. The parameters used are
• Surface-level meteorological data (e.g., wind patterns and atmospheric
stability)
• Physiographic features (e.g., mountains, plains)
• Bailey's ecoregions and subregions
C-A-3
-------
Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
• Land cover (e.g., forest, urban areas).
2. For each contiguous area, select one meteorological station to represent the area.
The station selection step considered the following parameters:
• Location within the area
• Years of meteorological data available
• Average windspeed.
These steps are described in the following subsections.
C-A2.1 Identify Contiguous Areas
A hierarchical procedure based on features affecting wind flow was used to divide the
country. The primary delineation of areas was based on geographic features affecting synoptic
(broad area) winds, including mountain ranges and plains. These features are also known as
physiography. The secondary delineation was based on features affecting mesoscale (10 to
1,000 km) winds, including coastal regions and basic land cover classifications of forest,
agriculture, and barren lands. These land cover features were obtained from U.S. Geological
Survey (1999).
The methodology for identifying contiguous areas uses wind data and atmospheric
stability data derived from surface-level meteorological data as the primary consideration,
modified by physiography, Bailey's ecoregions and subregions, and land cover. The approach
focuses on how well the windspeed and direction and atmospheric stability patterns measured at
a surface-level meteorological station represent the surrounding area. The limit of appropriate
representation varies by area of the country and is substantially determined by terrain and
topography. For example, a station in the Midwest, where topography and vegetation are
uniform, may adequately represent a very large area, while a mountainous station, where ridges
and valleys affect the winds, may represent a much smaller area.
Primary Grouping on Wind Rose and Atmospheric Stability Data. The surface-
level meteorological data were downloaded from EPA's SCRAM Web site
(www.epa.gov/scram001). SCRAM has these data from 1984 to 1991. A 5-year period is
commonly used to obtain an averaged depiction of the winds for each station; 5 years covers
most of the usual variation in meteorological conditions. Not all stations had 5 years of data in
this time period. Three years of data was considered a desirable minimum for stations, therefore,
stations that had less than 3 years of data during this time period were not considered for
selection.
Two types of wind data were considered: wind directionality and windspeed. Wind
directionality describes the tendency of winds to blow from many different directions (weakly
directional) or primarily from one direction (strongly directional). Strongly directional winds
will tend to disperse air pollutants in a consistent direction, resulting in higher air concentrations
in that direction and higher overall maximum air concentrations. Weakly directional winds will
tend to disperse pollutants in multiple directions, resulting in lower air concentrations in any one
direction and lower overall maximum air concentration.
C-A-4
-------
Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
Windspeed also affects dispersion. A greater average windspeed tends to disperse
pollutants more quickly, resulting in lower air concentrations than lower average windspeeds
would produce. Windspeed was used in the station selection process, but not to identify
contiguous areas of the country.
A wind rose is a graphical depiction of the frequency of windspeeds by wind direction.
Wind roses were produced from the surface-level meteorological data for each
station using WRPLOT (available from www.epa.gov/scram001/models/relat/wrplot.zip).
Winds are plotted in 16 individual directions; thus, if every direction has the same frequency, the
wind would blow from each direction 6.25 percent of the time. Based on the wind roses, each
station was assigned to one of four bins based on the frequency of wind in the predominant
direction (the direction from which the wind blows the greatest percentage of the time). These
bins were as follows:
• Weakly directional: blowing from predominant direction less than 10 percent of
the time
• Mildly directional: blowing from predominant direction 10 to 14 percent of the
time
• Moderately directional: blowing from predominant direction 15 to 20 percent of
the time
• Strongly directional: blowing from predominant direction over 20 percent of the
time.
Atmospheric stability class frequency distributions were also used for some stations.
Atmospheric stability is a measure of vertical movement of air and can be classified as stable,
unstable, or neutral. For sources at ground level sources such as are modeled in the agricultural
use scenario, pollutants tend to stay close to the ground in a stable atmosphere, thereby
increasing the air concentration of the pollutant. In an unstable atmosphere, the pollutants will
tend to disperse more in the vertical direction, thereby decreasing the air concentration of the
pollutant. Atmospheric stability varies throughout the day and year, as well as by location,
because atmospheric stability is determined from variable factors such as windspeed, strength of
solar radiation, and the vertical temperature profile above the ground. In addition, the presence
of large bodies of water, hills, large urban areas, and types and height of vegetation all affect
atmospheric stability. If all other factors are the same at two stations, the one with stable air a
larger percentage of the time will have higher air concentrations than the station with stable air a
smaller percentage of the time.
Secondary Grouping Considerations. After spatially grouping the wind roses in
similar bins, the next step was to delineate geographic areas around these groups of
meteorological stations using maps of physiography, Bailey's ecoregions, and land cover.
Physiography includes major topographic features such as mountains or plains. Land cover
classifications include urban, cropland, grassland, forest, large waterbody, wetland, barren, and
snow or ice. Regional boundaries were chosen to coincide with physiographic, Bailey's
ecoregion, and land cover boundaries to the extent possible.
C-A-5
-------
Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
C-A2.2 Station Selection
The above approach used to delineate contiguous areas ensures that the stations grouped
together are fairly similar in most cases. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate station to
represent each area was based on other considerations, including
• Number of years of surface-level meteorological data available. More years
of data provide a more realistic long-term estimate of air concentration.
• Central location within the area. All other factors being equal, central locations
are more likely to be representative of the entire contiguous geographic area,
because they have the smallest average distance from all points in the region.
• Windspeed. Lower windspeeds lead to less dispersion and higher air
concentrations.
Windspeed was summarized as average speed in the prevailing wind direction. This
value is not readily extractable from the wind roses; therefore, it was obtained from the
International Station Meteorological Climate Summary CD (U.S. Navy et al., 1992) of
meteorological data. For a few stations, this value was unrealistically low; in those cases, an
average windspeed in the prevailing wind direction was estimated from the wind rose data.
EPA used a hierarchical procedure to select a representative station, as follows:
• Stations with less than 5 years of data in SCRAM were eliminated, unless no
station had 5 years of data.
• Stations centrally located in the area were preferred if the above factors did not
identify a clear choice.
• If all other factors were equal, stations with lower average windspeeds were
selected to ensure that air concentration was not underestimated. Variations in
windspeed within regions were minor.
For purposes of that discussion, we have divided the United States into the following
sections: West Coast, Desert Southwest, Western Mountains, Gulf Coast, Southeast, Middle
Atlantic, Northeast, Great Lakes, Central States, Alaska, and Hawaii. The process of selecting
stations and delineating the region assigned to each station is discussed by these sections.
Table C-A-1 shows the selected stations for the continental United States.
C-A-6
-------
Appendix C-A
Climate Region Selection
Table C-A-1. Surface-Level Meteorology Stations
Used in the Screening Analysis
Station
Number
13963
23183
93193
23174
23234
23062
14740
12839
12842
13874
24131
94846
03937
12916
13957
14764
94847
14840
14922
13865
24033
03812
13722
24011
14935
23050
23169
24128
14820
Station Name
Little Rock/Adams Field
Phoenix/Sky Harbor International Airport
Fresno/ Air Terminal
Los Angeles/International Airport
San Francisco/International Airport
Denver/Stapleton International Airport
Hartford/Bradley International Airport
Miami/International Airport
Tampa/International Airport
Atlanta/Atlanta-Hartsfield International
Boise/ Air Terminal
Chicago/O'Hare International Airport
Lake Charles/Municipal Airport
New Orleans/International Airport
Shreveport/Regional Airport
Portland/International Jetport
Detroit/Metropolitan Airport
Muskegon/County Airport
Minneapolis-St Paul/International Airport
Meridian/Key Field
Billings/Logan International Airport
Asheville/Regional Airport
Raleigh/Raleigh-Durham Airport
Bismarck/Municipal Airport
Grand Island/ Airport
Albuquerque/International Airport
Las Vegas/McCarran International Airport
Winnemucca/WSO Airport
Cleveland/Hopkins International Airport
State
AR
AZ
CA
CA
CA
CO
CT
FL
FL
GA
ID
IL
LA
LA
LA
ME
MI
MI
MN
MS
MT
NC
NC
ND
NE
NM
NV
NV
OH
(continued)
C-A-7
-------
Appendix C-A
Climate Region Selection
Table C-A-1. (continued)
Station
Number
13968
94224
24232
14751
13739
14778
13880
13877
13897
12960
24127
13737
14742
24233
03860
24089
Station Name
Tulsa/International Airport
Astoria/Clatsop County Airport
Salem/McNary Field
Harrisburg/Capital City Airport
Philadelphia/International Airport
Williamsport-Lycoming/County
Charleston/International Airport
Bristol/Tri City Airport
Nashville/Metro Airport
Houston/Intercontinental Airport
Salt Lake City/International Airport
Norfolk/International Airport
Burlington/International Airport
Seattle/Seattle-Tacoma International
Huntington/Tri-State Airport
Casper/Natrona Co International Airport
State
OK
OR
OR
PA
PA
PA
SC
TN
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
WV
WY
Figure C-A-1 shows these stations and their boundaries.
C-A3.0 West Coast
The West Coast is defined by a narrow coastal plain and mountain chains running
parallel to the coast of the Pacific Ocean. In many areas the mountainous region is broken by a
large central valley, such as in California. The northwestern Pacific coast contains a narrow plain
between the Pacific Ocean and the Coast Ranges.
The California coast is divided just north of Point Conception above Los Angeles. This
northern section is represented by the San Francisco International Airport (23234). The wind
rose shows strong directionality with an average windspeed of 12 knots.
The southern California coast contains the Los Angeles basin south to the
California/Mexico border. This region is represented by the Los Angeles International Airport
(23174). The wind rose shows strong directionality and an average windspeed of 8 knots.
C-A-8
-------
Seattle
Salem
Billings
Bismarck
Boise
Winnemucca
dB
Casp
ter
San Francisco
Fresno
Salt Lake City
Denver
Las Vegas
Los Angeles
Phoenix
Albuquerque
Minneapolis
Muskegon
Williamsport
Chicago Cleveland •
Burlington
* •
Portland
Hartford
Lincoln
Harrisbufg "Philadelphia
Huntington
Tulsa
Norfolk
Raleigh-Dumam
Nashville Asheui|le "
Little Rock
•
Shreveport Meridian
Houston »ew Orleans
Atlanta Charleston
Tampa
Miami
t
n
Figure C-A-1. Climate regions.
Crg
S'
s
TO-
TO
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
The California central valley region, which encompasses the Sacramento Valley to the
north and the San Joaquin Valley to the south, is defined by the Coast Range and Diablo Range
on the west and the Sierra Nevada mountains on the east. The valley extends south to the
northern rim of the Los Angeles basin. The region represented by Fresno Air Terminal (93193).
The inland portion of Washington is bounded by the Coast Ranges on the west, the edge
of the Humid Temperate Domain to the east, the Washington/Canada border to the north and the
Columbia River to the south. This region is represented by the Seattle-Tacoma International
Airport (24233). Its wind rose shows moderate directionality and an average windspeed of
10 knots.
C-A4.0 Desert Southwest
The Desert Southwest is defined by various deserts and mountain ranges. One
distinguishing feature is the transition between low desert in southern Arizona and high desert in
northern Arizona. The southern boundary of this section is the U.S./Mexico border.
Southern Arizona contains the Sonoran Desert. This region of low desert is represented
by the station at Phoenix/Sky Harbor International Airport (23183). The region is bounded to the
north between Phoenix and Prescott, Arizona, along the southern edge of the Columbia Plateau,
which represents the transition from low to high desert. The wind rose for Phoenix shows
moderate directionality and an average windspeed of 6 knots.
The northern portion of Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southern
Utah are represented by the station at Las Vegas/McCarran International Airport (23169). This
is one of the original 29 stations. This region is characterized by high desert, including the
Columbia Plateau. Relatively few facilities and people are located here. The wind rose is mildly
directional with an average windspeed of 10 knots.
The station at Albuquerque International Airport (23050), which is one of the original
29 stations, represents the mountainous region of western New Mexico and far west Texas. This
region is bounded on the east by the Sacramento Mountains east of El Paso, Texas, and by the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains east of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The wind rose is weakly
directional and the average windspeed is 8 knots.
C-A5.0 Western Mountains
The Western Mountains include numerous mountain ranges, plateaus, and valleys that
affect wind flows. Boundaries between these regions follow major terrain features.
The inland region of Oregon includes both the central valley area and the Great Sandy
Desert, east to the Columbia Plateau. The western boundary is the Coast Ranges. The Black
Rock Desert forms the southern boundary. This region is represented by the station at McNary
Field in Salem, Oregon (24232). The wind rose shows moderate directionality and an average
windspeed of 9 knots.
C-A-10
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
The Snake River Plain of southern Idaho forms the region represented by Boise Air
Terminal (24131) in Idaho. This region is bounded by the Salmon River Mountains on the north
and the Columbia Plateau to the west and south. The wind rose shows moderate directionality
and average windspeed of 9 knots.
Northern Nevada and northeastern California are represented by the station at
Winnemucca WSO Airport (24128) in Nevada. This is the Great Basin area. The wind rose
shows mild directionality and an average windspeed of 8 knots.
The Salt Lake Basin and the Great Divide Desert in Utah and Colorado are represented
by the station at Salt Lake City International Airport (24127) in Utah. The eastern boundary of
this region is formed by the Wind River Range and the Front Range. The wind rose shows
moderate directionality and an average windspeed of 9 knots.
C-A6.0 Gulf Coast
The wind regime along the Gulf of Mexico is strongly influenced by that body of water.
However, its effects do not reach very far inland. A series of regions have been designated to
represent the coastal section.
The middle Texas Gulf Coast is represented by the station at Houston Intercontinental
Airport (12960). Although Houston itself is somewhat inland, it is expected to have a more
coastal environment due to Galveston Bay. This region extends south past Victoria to the
vegetative boundary marking Southern Texas. The wind rose in this region is only mildly
directional with an average windspeed of 8 knots.
The Central Gulf Coast extends from eastern Louisiana through the Florida panhandle.
This entire region is part of the Outer Coastal Plain Mixed Forest Province and is characterized
by weakly directional winds. The station at New Orleans International Airport (12916) in
Louisiana was chosen to represent this region. Its wind rose is weakly directional with an
average windspeed of 8 knots.
The West Coast of the Florida Peninsula is heavily influenced by the Gulf of Mexico,
which has warmer water than the Atlantic Ocean off the East Coast of the Florida Peninsula.
This region extends from the Florida Panhandle to the north to Cape Romano, which is just north
of the Everglades in South Florida. The station at Tampa International Airport (12842) was
chosen to represent this region. The wind rose displays very mild directionality and average
windspeed of 7 knots.
C-A7.0 Southeast
The Southeast section extends from the Atlantic coastal region of Florida and the Florida
keys northward through Georgia and South Carolina. This region has an extremely broad coastal
plain, requiring it to be divided between coastal region and more inland regions for Georgia and
South Carolina. This section also includes the inland areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Alabama.
C-A-11
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
The southern tip of Florida includes the Everglades, which have been drained along the
Atlantic coast to provide land for Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, and other coastal
cities. This region is represented by the original station at Miami International Airport (12839).
Its wind rose is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 9 knots. Miami was chosen to
represent the keys because its directionality and average windspeed are similar to that of Key
West.
A long stretch of the Southeastern Atlantic Coast extends from north of Vero Beach,
Florida (i.e., just south of Cape Canaveral), through Georgia and South Carolina. The Atlantic
Ocean forms the eastern boundary, and the land cover boundary between the more forested coast
and more agricultural inland area forms the western boundary. Wind rose analysis reveals a
different wind pattern for this region than for the southern tip of Florida. For example, the wind
rose for Vero Beach Municipal Airport, which is assigned to the station at Miami, shows mild
directionality, with the wind from the predominant direction 10 percent of the time. Just to the
north at Daytona Beach, the wind shows weak directionality, with the predominant direction at
8 percent of the time and an average windspeed of 9 knots. Considering the length of this region,
a centrally located station would have been desirable, such as the one at Jacksonville
International Airport (predominant wind direction 6 percent of the time, average windspeed 8
knots). The station at Charleston International Airport (13880), represents this region. Its wind
rose shows weak directionality and an average windspeed of 8 knots.
Further inland in Georgia and South Carolina lies the Blue Ridge region. This region is
delineated by physiographic boundaries—the transition to the Coastal Plain on the coastal side
and to the Appalachian Plateaus on the inland side. The station at Atlanta Hartsfield
International Airport (13874) represents this region. The wind rose reveals mild directionality
and an average windspeed of 9 knots.
The inland areas of Alabama and Mississippi are represented by the station at Meridian
Key Field (13865), which is located in Mississippi close to the Alabama border. This region
extends from the Central Gulf Coast region northward into southern Tennessee (including
Memphis) and westward into the Coastal Plain region of eastern Arkansas. The wind rose for
this region is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 7 knots.
The inland portion of Louisiana and eastern Texas is part of the Coastal Plain. This
region extends northward to the Ouachita Mountains, which are just south of the Ozark Plateau
in Arkansas. The western boundary is the vegetative transition from the forests in this region to
the prairies in Texas. This region is represented by the station at Shreveport Regional Airport
(13957) in Louisiana. The wind rose is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 9 knots.
C-A8.0 Middle Atlantic
The Middle Atlantic section includes coastal areas with bays, sounds, inlets, and barrier
islands; a broad coastal plain; and the southern Appalachian Mountains. The physiographic
features generally extend from northeast to southwest, parallel to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
The coastal region of North Carolina and Virginia is represented by the station at
Norfolk International Airport (13737) in Virginia. This region is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean
C-A-12
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
on the east, the physiographic boundary to the Piedmont section to the west, the political border
between North Carolina and South Carolina to the south, and a line bisecting the Chesapeake
Bay to the north. The wind rose is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 10 knots.
The Piedmont region of North Carolina and Virginia is just inland from the coastal
region. This region is delineated on the east by the physiographic boundary with the coastal
plain, and on the west with the physiographic boundary with the Appalachian Mountains. This
region is also part of the Southeastern Mixed Forest Province of Bailey's ecoregions. The station
at Raleigh-Durham Airport (13722) in North Carolina represents this region, with a weakly
directional wind rose and average windspeed of 8 knots.
The eastern portion of the southern Appalachian Mountains lies to the west of the
Piedmont region of North Carolina and Virginia. This region extends to the southwest to include
a portion of western South Carolina and northeastern Georgia. The station at Asheville Regional
Airport (03812) in North Carolina was chosen to represent this region. Its wind rose shows
moderate directionality and an average windspeed of 10 knots.
The Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia and eastern Kentucky are characterized by
mountainous ridges and valleys extending from northeast to southwest. This region is
represented by the station at Huntington Tri-State Airport (03860) in West Virginia. The wind
rose is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 7 knots.
The inland region encompassing northern Virginia, part of Maryland, and eastern
Pennsylvania is composed of another section of the Appalachian Mountains. Boundaries are
approximated by the Bailey's Central Appalachian Forest province. The original station at
Harrisburg/Capital City Airport (14751) in Pennsylvania represents this region. The wind rose
is mildly directional with average windspeed at 9 knots.
The northern portion of the Chesapeake Bay northward through New Jersey, eastern
Pennsylvania, and New York City is characterized by the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Oceanic)
Province in the coastal plain. The original station at Philadelphia International Airport (13739)
in Pennsylvania represents this region. The wind rose is mildly directional with an average
windspeed of 9 knots.
C-A9.0 Northeast
The Northeast section includes Maine and New England. This region is characterized by
forests to the north, large urban areas along the southern coastal plain, and the mountain ridges
and valleys of the northern Appalachian Mountains. This section is bounded by the Atlantic
Ocean on the east, the U.S. Canada border on the north, and the coastal plain of the eastern Great
Lakes to the west.
The station at Bradley International Airport (14740) in Hartford, Connecticut, represents
the New England region, which encompasses Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and a
small portion of Vermont, New Hampshire, and eastern New York. The wind rose shows mild
directionality with an average windspeed of 8 knots.
C-A-13
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
Northern New England and Maine are represented by the station located at the
International Jetport (14764) in Portland, Maine. This region includes Maine and most of New
Hampshire and Vermont. The northwest portion of Vermont is in a unique location and
represented separately. The wind rose for this region has mild directionality and an average
windspeed of 9 knots.
The station at the International Airport (14742) in Burlington, Vermont, represents a
very small region. Burlington is located in a valley between mountainous areas of the northern
Appalachian Mountains. This location is reflected in its wind rose, which blows from its
predominant direction 20 percent of the time, and average windspeed of 10 knots.
The remainder of the northern Appalachian Mountains in New York and Pennsylvania is
represented by the station at Williamsport-Lycoming (14778) in Pennsylvania. This region is
bounded on the west by the Adirondack Mountains, just to the east of the coastal plain of Lake
Ontario. The wind rose for this region is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 9
knots.
C-A10.0 Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are bodies of water large enough to affect weather patterns in that
portion of the country. Land and sea breezes affect wind patterns along the coasts, especially
along Lake Michigan in the summer. The moisture of the lakes also affects winter precipitation
patterns (i.e., lake effect snow storms). This version of IWAIR, therefore, has refined the
description of the coastal regions bordering the Great Lakes.
The Eastern Great Lakes divide the United States and Canada. On the U.S. side, the
western portion of New York, a small portion of Pennsylvania, and northeastern Ohio border the
eastern shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Mountains form the eastern boundary. The
southwestern border is drawn southward from the southern shore of Lake Erie. The original
station at Hopkins International Airport (14820) in Cleveland, Ohio, represents this region. The
wind rose is moderately directional with average windspeed of 10 knots.
The Lower Peninsula of Michigan is bordered by the Great Lakes on three sides.
Although this region has relatively few topographic features, the presence of the lakes may result
in different dispersion analyses for the eastern and western portions of the state. Therefore, the
Lower Peninsula has been divided into two regions—East and West.
The Western region of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is bordered by Lake Michigan
on the west and the Straits of Mackinac on the north. The eastern portion of the Upper Peninsula
of Michigan is also included in this region. The station at Muskegon County Airport (14840)
represents this region, although it has only 2 years of data for this time period. Its wind rose is
weakly directional and its average windspeed is 11 knots.
The western shore of Lake Michigan, which includes Green Bay, is formed by the
northeastern portion of Illinois, eastern Wisconsin, and part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Lake Superior forms the northern boundary of this region, and the western boundary is formed
by the hills to the east of the Wisconsin River and the Upper Mississippi River. This region is
C-A-14
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
represented by the station at O'Hare International Airport (94846) in Chicago, Illinois. The wind
rose for this region is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 9 knots.
C-A11.0 Central States
This section includes the Central Lowlands (south of the Great Lakes), the Midwest, and
the Great Plains. The elevation for this section is generally lowest in the Mississippi Valley,
which extends through the Midwest and drains a large portion of the center of the continental
United States. This section also includes other major river valleys, including the Ohio,
Tennessee, and Missouri. This section is bordered on the east by the Appalachian Mountains, on
the west by the Rocky Mountains, on the north by the border with Canada, and on the south by
the Southeast, Texas, and the Desert Southwest.
Although definitive boundaries are rare within this section the wind roses for stations that
were not selected represent additional data useful for drawing boundaries.
The region includes western Kentucky, central and western Tennessee north of Memphis,
and southeastern Missouri east of the Ozark Plateau. This region is represented by the station at
Nashville Metropolitan Airport (13897) in Tennessee. The wind rose is moderately directional
with an average windspeed of 8 knots.
A large region is assigned to the station at Adams Field (13963) in Little Rock,
Arkansas. Little Rock, however, is situated in an area heavily influenced by the Ozark Plateau
and its accompanying mountains.. The wind rose for this station is weakly directional with an
average windspeed of 7 knots.
The northern portion of the Midwest includes the portion of Wisconsin west of the Lake
Michigan coastal plain, Minnesota, and the eastern portion of North and South Dakota. The
western boundary through the Dakotas is the physiographic boundary between the Central
Lowland and the Great Plains. This region is represented by the station at Minneapolis-St. Paul
International Airport (14922) in Minnesota. The wind rose is mildly directional with an average
windspeed of 11 knots.
The Great Plains lie between the Central Lowlands to the east and the Rocky Mountains
to the west. The headwaters of the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers are located in the Great
Plains. Lands at higher elevations are more grassland and shrub land used for cattle ranges,
while the lower elevations are used more frequently for crops. The region that includes the
western portion of North and South Dakota and eastern Montana is represented by the original
station at Bismarck Municipal Airport (24011) in North Dakota. The wind rose is weakly
directional with an average windspeed of 12 knots.
The central portion of Montana is more rugged, but still part of the Great Plains. The
Rocky Mountains form the western and southwestern boundaries of this region, which is
represented by the station at Billings Logan International Airport (24033) in Montana. The wind
rose is strongly directional with an average windspeed of 10 knots.
C-A-15
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Appendix C-A Climate Region Selection
The station at Casper/Natrona County International Airport (24089) in Wyoming
represents Wyoming east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, southwestern South
Dakota, and western Nebraska. The wind rose is strongly directional with an average windspeed
of 14 knots. In this region, most cities are located in valleys or near the base of a mountain ridge.
The wind regime at Casper, therefore, may not adequately represent other locations in this
region.
This region is represented by the station at Stapleton International Airport (23062) in
Denver, Colorado The southern boundary is formed by the southern edge of the Great Plains.
The wind rose for this region is mildly directional with an average windspeed of 8 knots.
The north central portion of the Great Plains includes most of Nebraska, northern Kansas,
western Iowa, southwestern South Dakota, and northwestern Missouri. This region is represented
by the station at Grand Island Airport (14935) in Nebraska (this station is labeled as Lincoln).
The wind rose is moderately directional with an average windspeed of 12 knots.
The southern portion of the Great Plains includes most of Kansas, and eastern Oklahoma.
This region also includes the lower area of the western Ozark Plateau in southwestern Missouri
and northwestern Arkansas. This region is represented by the station at Tulsa International
Airport (13968). The wind rose is moderately directional with an average windspeed of 11 knots.
C-A12.0 References
Bailey, R.G., P.E. Avers, T. King, and W.H. McNab. 1994. Ecoregiom and Subregiom of the
United States (Bailey's Ecoregion Map). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Washington, DC. Web site at http://www.epa.gov/docs/grdwebpg/bailey/.
Fenneman, N.M., and D.W. Johnson. 1946. Physical Divisions of the United States: Special
USGSMap. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
U.S. Geological Survey. 1999. 1-Degree USGS Digital Elevation Models. Web site at
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/l_dgr_dem.
U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. DOC (Department of Commerce). 1992. International
Station Meteorological Climate Summary (ISMCS). National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC.
C-A-16
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Appendix D
Soil Data
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Appendix D Soil Data
Appendix D
Soil Data
This appendix describes and presents the soil data used in the sewage sludge screening
analysis. To represent the nationwide variability in soil properties, soil data were collected
regionally by soil texture. Because the land application scenario is agricultural, a distribution of
soil textures was assembled for all cropland and pasture in each climatic region. This distribution
was used for selection of soil properties during the probabilistic analysis. This section presents
the data sources and methods used to collect soil textures and relate them to the hydrologic soil
properties needed for modeling. Attachment A to this appendix presents the percentage of soil
textures within each climate region. These data were used to derive most of the other soil
properties.
Dl.O Data Sources
The primary data source for soil properties is the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO)
database. STATSGO is a repository of nationwide soil properties primarily compiled by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USD A) from county soil survey data (USD A, 1994).
STATSGO includes a l:250,000-scale geographic information system (GIS) coverage that
delineates soil map units, and an associated database containing soil data for each STATSGO
map unit. (Map units are areas used to spatially represent soils in the database.)
In addition, two compilations of STATSGO data, each keyed to the STATSGO map unit
GIS coverage, and land use data from the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis
System (GIRAS) land use database were used in the analysis as a convenient source of average
soil properties:
1. USSOILS. USSOILS (Schwarz and Alexander, 1995) averages STATSGO data
over the entire soil column for each map unit.
2. CONUS. CONUS (Miller and White, 1998) provides average STATSGO data by
map unit and a set of 11 standardized soil layers.
3. GIRAS. The GIRAS land use database (U.S. EPA, 1994) provides
comprehensive land use data, in digital GIS format, for the contiguous 48 states.
Soil properties derived directly from STATSGO, CONUS, or USSOILS data include
organic matter content, USLE K (erodibility) and S (slope) factors, and pH. A complete set of
D-3
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Appendix D
Soil Data
hydrologic soil properties1 was not available from STATSGO. To ensure consistent and realistic
values, it was necessary to rely on established, nationwide relationships between hydrologic
properties and soil texture or hydrologic soil group, both of which are available from STATSGO.
Sources for these relationships include Carsel and Parrish (1988), Carsel et al. (1988), and Clapp
and Hornberger (1978). These peer-reviewed references provide a consistent set of correlated
hydrologic properties for each soil texture or hydrologic group. Table D-l lists soil properties
collected for this analysis and their data sources.
Table D-l. Summary of Soil of Properties Collected for Sewage Sludge Risk Analysis
Soil Variable
Units
Data Source
Properties Derived from Soil Texture
USDA soil texture Unitless
Saturated hydraulic conductivity cm/h
Saturated water content L/L
Soil moisture coefficient b Unitless
Soil bulk density mg/L
Root zone depth cm
CONUS/STATSGO
Relationship from Carsel and Parrish (1988)
Relationship from Carsel and Parrish (1988)
Relationship from Clapp and Hornberger (1988)
Calculated from saturated water content
Relationship (with land use) from Dunne and Leopold
(1978)
Properties Derived from Soil Hydrologic Class
SCS hydrologic class Unitless
Field capacity % (vol.)
Wilting point % (vol.)
SCS curve number Unitless
CONUS/STATSGO
Relationship from Carsel et al. (1988)
Relationship from Carsel et al. (1988)
Relationship (with land use) from USDA (1986)
Properties Obtained Directly from STATSGO
Fraction organic carbon g/g STATSGO
Silt content % (wt.) STATSGO
USLE credibility factor (K) kg/m2 STATSGO
USLE slope (S) Degrees STATSGO
Properties Derived from Slope
USLE slope length (L)
USLE length/slope factor (LS)
m Relationship from Lightle and Weesies (1998)
Unitless Calculated from L and S per Williams and Berndt (1977)
Finally, two parameters—root zone depth and Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve
number (used for recharge calculations)—required site-based land use data, as well as soil
1 Hydrologic soil properties required for modeling include bulk density, saturated water content, residual
water content, field moisture content, wilting point, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture coefficient b, and
soil moisture retention parameters alpha and beta.
D-4
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Appendix D Soil Data
texture or hydrologic soil group. The land use data were obtained for each of the 41 climatic
regions from the GIRAS land use database (U.S. EPA, 1994). GIRAS provides comprehensive
land use data, in digital GIS format, for the contiguous 48 states. Land use/land cover
information in GIRAS was mapped and coded using the Anderson classification system
(Anderson et al., 1976), which is a hierarchical system of land use characterizations. This
nationwide coverage is based on late-1970s to early-1980s satellite images and aerial
photography. The relationships used to convert the land use and soil data were obtained from
Dunne and Leopold (1978) for root zone depth and USDA (1986) for the SCS curve number.
D2.0 Data Collection
The soil data collection methodology begins with GIS programs (in Arc Macro Language
(AML)) that overlay the boundaries of the 41 climatic regions on the STATSGO map unit
coverage to determine the STATSGO map units and their area within the regions. These data are
then passed to data processing programs that derive predominant soil properties within each
climatic region, either through direct calculations or by applying established relationships in
lookup tables. In deriving soil model inputs, the sludge soil data processing effort bases all
collected soil properties on the predominant soil type (texture and hydrologic group) for the
STATSGO map units having agricultural land use within each climatic region. Soil properties
were derived for surface soils (top 20 cm).
To ensure consistent, realistic properties, the soil data processing effort bases all
collected soil properties on the predominant soil texture for each STATSGO map unit. For each
STATSGO map unit within a region, textures were determined both for surface soils (top 20 cm)
from CONUS data. For surface soils, the predominant texture for each map unit is the thickest,
weighted by depth, soil texture for the top three CONUS layers (20 cm). Where there was a tie,
the texture of the top two layers was used as the predominant soil texture for that map unit.
Twelve common soil textures were collected to develop hydrologic properties. Map units that
did not have one of the 12 common soil textures (e.g., those with water or organic matter) were
excluded from the analysis. Soil column texture was obtained in a similar manner, except that
all CONUS layers were used.
To limit data collection to agricultural soils, GIS programs (in AML) were used to
overlay the STATSGO map unit GIS coverage with the GIRAS land use GIS coverage and then
determine the map units (and their respective areas) that occur in cropland use and pastureland
use (i.e., Anderson land use code 21) within each meteorological region. These data were then
processed to create a set of the 12 soil textures, ranked by percentage of land in agricultural use
with each texture, for each region. These textures were used to derive soil properties for this
analysis for each region/texture combination as described in the next section.
Because certain soil properties were derived from SCS hydrologic soil groups, it was
necessary to develop a hydrologic soil group that would be consistent with the soils of each
texture within a region. To do so, a table of hydrologic soil groups by STATSGO map unit was
created using STATSGO data for hydrologic soil groups by the component soils within the map
unit. Based on the predominant texture for each map unit, hydrologic soil groups for the
component soils with the same texture were averaged across each map unit (weighted by
component percent) using the numeric conversion: group A = 1, group B = 2, group C = 3, and
f>5
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Appendix D Soil Data
group D = 4. These values were then averaged again (weighted by map unit area) for each soil
texture occurring in a region. After this regional average by texture was calculated, the numbers
were converted back to letters using the same conversion, resulting in a hydrologic soil group for
each texture occurring within a meteorologic region. Hydrologic soil group applies to the entire
soil column and is not layer-specific.
D3.0 Development of Soil Properties
Once the distribution of soil textures and their related hydrologic class was determined
for each meteorological region, average soil properties were determined for each soil texture
present in a region by relationships with soil texture or hydrologic class or by extracting the data
for soils of each texture directly from STATSGO.
Soil Properties Based on Relationship with Soil Texture—Several soil hydrologic
properties were derived directly from the soil texture using database lookup tables relating mean
properties to texture class (see Table D-2):
• Saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm/h) was determined for both surface soil
(Ksat top20) and the entire soil column (VadSATK) using a national relationship
from Carsel and Parrish (1988).
• Saturated water content (unitless) was determined for both surface soil
(WCS_top2ff) and the entire soil column (VadWCS) using a relationship from
Carsel and Parrish (1988).
• Bulk density (g/cm3) was calculated for surface soil (BD top20) from saturated
water content using the equation
Pb = 2.65(1-4)) (D-l)
where
pb = bulk density of the soil (U.S. EPA, 1997)
2.65 = particle density in g/cm3 (assumed to be quartz)
cj) = saturated water content.
• Soil moisture coefficient (unitless) was determined for both the surface soil
(8Mb top20) and the entire soil column (8Mb sub) using a relationship from
Clapp and Hornberger (1978).
• Depth to root zone (cm) was determined using a Dunne and Leopold (1978)
table of rooting depth by vegetation type and soil texture. For each soil texture, a
minimum and a maximum root zone depth (for shallow and deep-rooted crops)
were used to represent the range across cropland and pastureland use. Because
Dunne and Leopold included only five soil textures, these five textures were
mapped across the 12 basic textures used in this analysis (see Table D-3).
D-6
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Appendix D
Soil Data
Table D-2. Hydrological Soil Parameters Correlated to Soil Texture
Soil Texture
Clay (C)
Clay loam (CL)
Loam (L)
Loamy sand (LS)
Silt (SI)
Silt loam (SIL)
Silty clay (SIC)
Silty clay loam (SICL)
Sand (S)
Sandy clay (SC)
Sandy clay loam (SCL)
Sandy loam (SL)
Saturated Hydralic
Conductivity
Ksaf (cm/h)
0.20
0.26
1.04
14.59
0.25
0.45
0.02
0.07
29.70
0.12
1.31
4.42
Storated Water
Content WCS"
(L/L)
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.41
0.46
0.45
0.36
0.43
0.43
0.38
0.39
0.41
Bulk Density
pBb
(g/cm3)
1.643
1.5635
1.5105
1.5635
1.431
1.4575
1.696
1.5105
1.5105
1.643
1.6165
1.5635
Soil Moisture
Coefficient b
SMbc
11.4
8.52
5.39
4.38
~
5.30
10.4
7.75
4.05
10.4
7.12
4.90
3 Carsel and Parrish (1988).
b Calculated from WCS using equation from U.S. EPA (1997).
c Clapp and Hornberger (1978).
Table D-3. Depth to Root Zone Values
USDA Soil Texture
Sand
Loamy sand
Sandy loam
Silt
Silt loam
Loam
Sandy clay loam
Silty clay loam
Clay loam
Sandy clay
Silty clay
Clay
Dunne and Leopold
Texture
Fine sand
Fine sandy loam
Silt loam
Clay loam
Clay
Shallow-Rooted Crops
(DRZ_Min, cm)
50
50
62
40
25
Deep-Rooted Crops
(DRZ_Max, cm)
100
100
125
100
67
Source: Derived from Dunne and Leopold (1978).
D-7
-------
Appendix D
Soil Data
Soil Parameters Based on Relationship with Hydrologic Group—The following soil
parameters are all based on the average hydrologic soil group for each texture within a
meteorological region. Mean values by hydrologic group were obtained using the following
relationships (see Tables D-4 and D-5):
• Soil moisture field capacity (volume %). A single field capacity value (SMFC)
was obtained by hydrologic soil group by averaging the layered property values
from Carsel et al. (1988).
• Soil moisture wilting point (volume %). A single wilting point value (SMWP)
was obtained by hydrologic soil group by averaging the layered property values
from Carsel et al. (1988).
• SCS curve number (unitless). Minimum and maximum SCS curve number
values (CN min and CNmax) were determined for each regional soil texture
based on a USDA (1986) table of curve numbers by cover type and hydrologic
soil group, assuming a good-condition pastureland use for CN min and poor-
condition cropland use for CN max. A lookup table with minimum and
maximum SCS curve numbers by hydrologic soil group was used to assign the
appropriate value for each regional soil texture according to its hydrologic soil
group.
Table D-4. Field Capacity (FC) and Wilting Point (WP) Values
Hydrologic Group
A
B
C
D
Layer
1
2
3
4
Avg.
1
2
3
4
Avg.
1
2
3
4
Avg.
1
2
3
4
Avs.
FC
9.4
8.1
5.9
5.8
7.3
19.1
18.8
18.7
17.5
18.5
22.5
23.2
22.9
21.3
22.5
24.2
26.3
25.6
24.4
25.1
WP
3.1
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.4
8.7
9.3
8.9
8.4
8.8
10.4
12.1
11.9
11.5
11.5
13.8
17.0
16.3
15.1
15. 6
Source: Carsel et al. (1988).
D-8
-------
Appendix D
Soil Data
Table D-5. SCS Curve Number Values
by SCS Hydrologic Soil Group
SCS Hydrologic
Soil Group
A
B
C
D
SCS Curve Number
CN_Min
(Pasture)
39
61
74
80
CN_Max
(Cropland)
72
81
88
91
Source: Derived from USDA (1986).
D4.0 Parameters Collected Directly from STATSGO-Based Data Sources
Several variables were obtained directly from STATSGO (Schwarz and Alexander,
1995). Although they are not derived from soil texture, they were extracted and averaged based
only on soil map units with the predominant texture to ensure consistent soil properties.
• USLE eredibility factor—top 20 cm (ton/acre). An area-weighted average
erodibility factor for the top 20 cm of soil (Ktop20) was calculated from
STATSGO data by layer and component. STATSGO layer data were translated
into lvalues using standardized CONUS layers and calculating a depth-weighted
average value. Further, a component percent-weighted average K was calculated
for each CONUS layer across all components contained in each map unit. The
resulting table contains lvalues by map unit and standardized CONUS layer. To
get one value for K by map unit for the top 20 cm of soil, a depth-weighted
average for the top three CONUS layers was calculated. The final K value by
meteorological region and soil texture was obtained by averaging the map units
for each surface soil texture present within the meteorological region.
• Fraction organic carbon—top 20 cm (mass fraction). An area-weighted
average foe for surface soils (foe top20) was calculated for each region and soil
texture using only the map units with the predominant surface soil texture of
interest within the region. Percent organic matter for the top 20 cm of soil was
obtained from STATSGO organic matter data by layer and component (Schwarz
and Alexander, 1995) and converted to foe by dividing by 174 (100 x 1.74 g
organic matter/g organic carbon) (U.S. EPA, 1997). Percent organic matter
values were translated from STATSGO layer and component into standardized
CONUS layers using the same methodology described for the USLE erodibility
factor K. Then, a depth-weighted average percent organic matter was calculated
for the top three CONUS layers (top 20 cm of soil).
D-9
-------
Appendix D
Soil Data
• Silt content—top 20 cm (weight percent). An area-weighted average silt content
for surface soils (Ss top20) was derived from STATSGO data for each region and
soil texture in the same manner described for USLE erodibility factor.
The USLE's length slope factor (LS) was derived from STATSGO slope data. Percent
slope (Theta) was obtained by region and soil texture by using only the map units with the
predominant texture of interest. An area-weighted average slope was calculated for each texture
occurring in a region. Length (Length, ft) was then obtained from a Lightle and Weesies (1998)
lookup table of default flow lengths by slope, using slope values rounded to the nearest integer
(Table D-6). All slopes less than 0.5 were given the length corresponding to 0.5 and all slopes
greater than 24 were given the length corresponding to 24. The USLE length/slope factor LS
(unitless) was then calculated using the equation from Williams and Berndt (1977):
LS = (L/72.6)m(0.065 + 0.0454S + 0.0065S2)
(D-2)
where
and
L
S
m
m
m
m
flow length
slope in percent
0.2 for slope <1 percent
0.3 for slope >1 percent and <3 percent
0.4 for slope >3 percent and <5 percent
0.5 for slope >5 percent.
Table D-6. Default Flow Lengths by Slope
Slope
<0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Length
(ft)
100
200
300
200
180
160
150
140
130
125
120
110
100
Slope
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
>24
Length
(ft)
90
80
70
60
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Source: Lightle and Weesies (1998).
D-10
-------
Appendix D Soil Data
D5.0 References
Anderson, J.R., E.E. Hardy, J.T. Roach, and R.E. Witmer. 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover
Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. U.S. Geological Survey
Professional Paper 964. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Web site at
http://mapping.usgs.gov/pub/ti/LULC/lulcpp964/lulcpp964.txt.
Carsel, R.F., and R.S. Parrish. 1988. Developing joint probability distributions of soil water
retention characteristics. Water Resources Research 24(5):755-769.
Carsel, R.F., R.S. Parrish, R.L. Jones, J.L. Hansen, and R.L. Lamb. 1988. Characterizing the
uncertainly of pesticide leaching in agricultural soils. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
2:111-124.
Clapp, R.B., and G.M. Hornberger. 1978. Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic
properties. Water Resources Research 14:601-604.
Dunne, T., and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. New York: W.H.
Freeman and Company.
Lightle, D.T., and G. Weesies. 1998. "Default Slope Parameters." Memorandum submitted to
Scott Guthrie, Research Triangle Institute. West Lafayette, IN: USD A, Natural
Resources Conservation Service. June.
Miller, D.A., and R.A. White. 1998. A Conterminous United States Multilayer Soil
Characteristics Datasetfor Regional Climate and Hydrology Modeling. Web site at
http://www.essc.psu.edu/soil_info/index.cgi?soil_data&index.html.
Schwarz, G.E., and R.B. Alexander. 1995. State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) Data Base for the
Conterminous United States, Edition 1.1. Reston, VA. September. Web site at
http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/ussoils.html.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. 1:250,000 Scale Quadrangles of
Landuse/Landcover GIRAS Spatial Data in the Conterminous United States: Metadata.
Office of Information Resources Management, Washington, DC. Web site at
http://www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/nsdi/projects/giras.htm.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. EPA 's Composite Model for Leachate
Migration with Transformation Products. EPACMTP: User's Guide. Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
USD A (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. TR
55 (210-VI-TR-55). Engineering Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
June.
D-ll
-------
Appendix D Soil Data
USDA(U.S. Department of Agriculture). 1994. National STATSGO Database: USDA-NRCS
Soil Survey Division Data Access. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, Fort Worth, Texas. Web site at
http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/stat_data.html.
Williams, J.R., and H.D. Berndt. 1977. Determining the universal soil loss equation's
length-slope factor for watersheds. In A National Conference on Soil Erosion - Soil
Erosion: Prediction and Control, Perdue University, West Lafayette, IN, May 24-26,
1976. Ankeny, IA: Soil Conservation Society of America.
D-12
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
-------
-------
Appendix E Chemical Data
Appendix E
Chemical Data
This appendix presents values and references for the chemical-specific parameters used
in the source models and the fate and transport models for this analysis. Information is presented
in separate tables for each constituent, according to how the models considered the data.
Constituents were modeled as either metals or organics because of their different behavior in
environmental media. Nitrate and nitrite were modeled similarly to metals. The list of chemical-
specific parameters is divided into the following groups:
• Biotransfer factors
• Chemical properties
• Meteorological variables
• Temperature correction factors.
In addition to the parameter values and references, Tables E-4 to E-43 indicate whether a value
was taken directly from the cited source or was calculated based on equations in the cited source.
Some of the chemical-specific data were processed to convert units to be consistent with model
requirements.
El.O Biotransfer Factors
The biotransfer factors for plants and the farm food chain for organics were derived from
the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Multiple Pathways of Exposure to
Combustor Emissions (U.S. EPA, 1998). These equations require a log Kow and are based on
algorithms developed by Travis and Arms (1988) and Briggs et al. (1982). When a chemical's
log Kow was out of the applicable range for these equations, the biotransfer parameter was set to
the maximum (for log Kow values above the range) or minimum (for log Kow values below the
range) value possible for the given equation. In the aquatic food chain, all bioconcentration
factors (BCF_fish) were gathered from EPIWIN (v3.10), which is an EPA software package that
predicts the BCF based on the log Kow. For this analysis, there was no differentiation between
fish of different trophic levels.
Biotransfer factors (plant, aquatic, and farm food chain) for metals were generally
collected from several empirical sources (e.g., Baes et al., 1984).
E2.0 Chemical Properties
The major sources of chemical property data for organics include U.S. EPA references
such as the Preliminary Organo-Phosphates Cumulative Risk Assessment (OP Risk Assessment)
(U.S. EPA, 200Ic), the Reregistration Eligibility Decision document (RED) (U.S. EPA, 2000-
2002), and the Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision document (I/RED) (U.S. EPA, 2000-
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
2002). The Super/and Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM) (U.S. EPA, 1996) was used as a primary
source for chemicals other than pesticides. The Parameter Guidance Document (U.S. EPA,
1997) served as a guide for the selection of parameter values. Additional sources were used for
specific parameters or chemicals as noted in the following tables.
The OP Risk Assessment, I/RED, and SCDM were the preferred sources due to the
quality of their data, which have undergone public and scientific review. Values were obtained
from other sources only if data were not available in these sources. The additional sources of
data included the Merck Index (Budavari, 1996) and Internet databases, such as the Hazardous
Substances Databank (NLM, 2002). When no empirical data were identified in the literature or
on-line, values were calculated from other properties for parameters such as Henry's law
constant (HLC) and diffusion coefficients (Da and Dw). Properties that were selected using a
different reference hierarchy or approach are further discussed below.
Degradation Rates
The primary source of data for degradation rates (ksed, ksoil, and ksw) was Howard et al.
(1991). Hydrolysis rates (kh) were mostly obtained from Kollig (1993). Several of these
degradation rates were calculated from a half-life. If no data were found, the default value for
these properties was 0.
Different degradation rate parameters were called for in the two models, as shown below.
The source model specifies an aerobic and an anaerobic degradation rate, whereas the fate and
transport model specifies degradation rates for surface water, soil, and sediment. Degradation
rate data were reported as rates for specific media (i.e., surface water, soil, and sediment).
Table E-l. Use of Degradation Rate Data in Source and Fate and Transport Models
Available Degradation
Rate Data
Surface water degradation rates
Soil degradation rates
Sediment degradation rates
Source Model
Parameter
Aerobic degradation rate
NA
Anaerobic degradation rate
Fate and Transport
Model Parameter
Surface water degradation rate
Soil degradation rate
Sediment degradation rate
Other Chemical Properties
As noted earlier, some chemical property values were taken directly from the source, and
some were calculated based on equations and data from the source. The following bullets
describe several chemical property values that were calculated.
• pKa—For chemicals that are ionizable, data were gathered from NLM (2002),
Kollig (1993), and the SPARC On-line Calculator. SPARC is a Web-based tool
that estimates pKa from other chemical properties
(http://ibmlc2.chem.uga.edu/sparc/index.cfm).
E-4
-------
Appendix E Chemical Data
• Organic-carbon-normalized partition coefficient (Koc) — Kollig (1993) was the
preferred source for Koc values. For those chemicals not covered in Kollig
(1993), Koc values were calculated in relation to Kow using the same equations
used by Kollig (1993) to estimate Koc from Kow at neutral pH conditions.
For neutral compounds and organic bases (pKa<6):
log Koc = log K^-032
For organic acids (chemicals with pKa values >9):
For all other organic constituents (chemicals with 6
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-2. K,, Data Statistics
Metal
Ag
No. ofKdsoil
values
16
No. of
References
1
Mean
6.68e+05
Std. Dev.
8.84e+05
Median
1.40e+05
Min.
5.20e+03
Max.
3.13e+06
Source: Silver Waste Streams: Management Practices, Risks, and Economics (U.S. EPA, 1999)
Ba
Be
Mn
2
2
12
1
1
4
1.88e+04
8.63e+03
7.53e+02
2.85e+04
1.36e+04
1.58e+03
4.79e+03
1.83e+03
1.12e+02
1.20e+02
6.10e+01
3.20e+01
1.20e+05
6.09e+04
7.13e+03
Source: Risk Assessment Technical Background Document for the Paint and Coatings Hazardous Waste Listing
Determination (U.S. EPA, 2001a)
ChemFracNeutral — All nonionizing chemicals were assigned a ChemFracNeutral
value of 1. All ionizable organic compounds were evaluated in terms of the
potential to ionize under the pH conditions of this risk assessment. For ionizable
organic compounds, the following equation presented in Lee et al. (1990) was
used:
ChemFracNeutral = (1+
The pH values used to for soil and wastes were selected from distributions during
the probabilistic modeling used for the screening analysis.
E3.0 Meteorological Variable
The washout ratio for particulates (WP) is a constant value of 50,000 in this analysis,
irrespective of chemical (Table E-0).
E4.0 Temperature Correction Factors
All chemical properties are sent to the models at standard temperature conditions
(25° C). The source models internally adjust these properties to values corresponding to the
temperature within the waste management units being modeled. Parameters needed for these
temperature adjustments include critical temperatures and pressures (Tc and PC), as well as vapor
pressure equation coefficients (AntB and AntC), which were obtained from Reid et al. (1977).
For chemicals where no empirical data are available, the source model calculates these
temperature correction factor parameters. Boiling point (tb) data were gathered from the same
references that were consulted for gathering other chemical properties.
E-f
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
E5.0 Tabulated Values Used for Modeling
Table E-3 describes each of the chemical specific parameters and values for parameters
that remain constant for all chemicals. Tables E-4 through E-43 document the specific values
used for each of the constituents. These values are categorized according to parameter type for
easy reference. The following is the legend for abbreviations used in the reference column of
these tables.
Table Abbreviation
BcfWIN(v.2.14)
ChemFate
ChemFinder
EPIWIN(v. 3.10)
HSDB
Merck
RED
SCDM
SPARC
US EPA OP Cumulative
Risk Assessment
WIN PST
Reference
EPIWIN (n.d.)
SRC (1999)
ChemFinder (1999)
EPIWIN (n.d.)
Hazardous Substances Data Bank, NLM (2002)
Budavari (1996)
Reregistration Eligibility Document, U.S. EPA (2000-2002)
Superfund Chemical Data Matrix, U.S. EPA (1996)
System Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry,
SPARC (2003)
Organo-Phosphates Cumulative Risk Assessment,
U.S. EPA (2001 c)
WIN_PST Pesticide Properties Database, U.S. EPA (n.d.)
E-7
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-3. Chemical-Specific Model Parameters
Parameter
Description
Type
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
Bs
Bv
KpPar
Bioconcentration factor for beef (mg/kg
beef)/(mg/kg DW)
Bioconcentration factor for milk (mg/kg
milk)/(mg/kg DW)
Bioconcentration factor for fish (mg/kg fish)/(mg/L
water)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, exposed fruit
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, exposed
vegetables (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, forage (mg/kg
DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, grain (mg/kg
DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, protected fruit
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, protected
vegetables (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, roots (mg/kg
DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, silage (mg/kg
DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Bio availability of contaminant on the soil relative to
the vegetation (unitless)
Air-to-plant biotransfer factor (ug/g DW plant / ug/g
air)
Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate (1/yr)
RCF Root concentration factor (ug/g - WW plant) /
(ug/mL soil water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
Diffusivity of chemical in air (cm2/s)
Density of the chemical (g/mL)
Diffusion coefficient in water (cm2/s)
Henry's law constant atm-m3/mol
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
1
Chemical
Specific
18.07
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 1997
E-8
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-3. Chemical-Specific Model Parameters
Parameter
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
Description
Hydrolysis rate I/day or 1/yr
Organic carbon partition coefficient (mL/g)
Degradation rate for sediment (I/day)
Degradation rate for soil (I/day)
Degradation rate for surface-water column (I/day)
Octanol- water partition coeficient (unitless)
Molecular weight (g/mol)
Dissociation constant (unitless)
Solubility (mg/L)
correction factors
Vapor pressure equation coefficient (unitless)
Vapor pressure equation coefficient (unitless)
Critical pressure (atm)
Boiling point (degC)
Critical temperature (degC)
Type
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Constant
Value Reference
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
Specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
Chemical
specific
E-9
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-4. Chemical Parameters for Acetone ( 67-64-1)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
3.20E+00
5.30E+01
8.00E-04
8.40E-01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
1.06E-01
0.7899
1.15E-05
3.88E-05
O.OOE+00
l.OOE+00
2.48E-02
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
-2.40E-01
58.08
-5.178908574
l.OOE+06
-9999
-9999
-9999
56
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
HSDB
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-10
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-5. Chemical Parameters for Acetophenone ( 98-86-2)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
8.80E-06
8.21E-05
4.70E-01
4.40E+00
2.90E-01
1.37E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
6.52E-02
1.0281
8.72E-06
1.07E-05
O.OOE+00
1.82E+01
1.16E-02
4.62E-02
4.62E-02
1.64E+00
120.15
-5.11
6.13E+03
1641.80
-354.3
38
202
427.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
Reid etal, 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-ll
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-6. Chemical Parameters for Anthracene (120-12-7)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
7.13E-03
4.51E-03
6.00E+02
9.10E-02
6.00E+01
9.63E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
3.90E-02
1.28
7.85E-06
6.50E-05
O.OOE+00
1.70E+04
3.77E-04
1.51E-03
9.78E+00
4.55E+00
178.23
NO DATA
4.34E-02
2819.12
-299.28
-9999
339.9
609.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default assumption
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
No data
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-12
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-7. Chemical Parameters for Azinphos methyl ( 86-50-0)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr Converted from a hydrolysis half-life.
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
1.06E-04
8.21E-05
2.60E+01
l.OOE+00
1.20E+04
3.75E+00
2.33E-02
1.44
5.96E-06
3.66E-09
1.87E-02
2.51E+02
1.75E-03
7.23E-03
3.62E-03
2.73E+00
317.32
-5.24
2.51E+01
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
RED/IRED
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
RED/IRED
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
SPARC
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
E-13
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-8. Chemical Parameters for Barium and compounds ( 7440-39-3)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
; beef)/(mg/kg DW)
; milk)/(mg/kg DW)
; fish)/(mg/L water)
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
; DW plant / mg/kg
soil)
soil)
soil)
soil)
soil)
soil)
soil)
soil)
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1
5
3.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.20E-03
.60E-03
20E+00
.50E-02
.50E-01
.50E-01
.50E-02
.50E-02
.50E-02
.50E-01
.50E-01
Baes et al,
Baes et al.,
1984
1984
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
MW
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
9.29E-02
3.51
1.68E-05
137.33
l.OOE+06
-9999
-9999
-9999
1640
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-14
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-9. Chemical Parameters for Benzoic acid ( 65-85-0)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.46E-05
8.21E-05
5.00E+00
3.30E+00
3.50E+00
1.64E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
7.02E-02
1.2659
9.79E-06
1.54E-06
O.OOE+00
7.76E-01
1.16E-02
4.62E-02
4.62E-02
1.86E+00
122.12
4.18
3.50E+03
1819.67
-398.35
45
249.2
478.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
Reid etal, 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-15
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-10. Chemical Parameters for Beryllium and compounds ( 7440-41-7)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
(mg/kg
; beef)/(mg/kg DW)
; milk)/(mg/kg DW)
; fish)/(mg/L water)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
; DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF_T3W was used as a surrogate. -
8.00E-03
1.44E-05
1.90E+01
1.50E-03
l.OOE-02
l.OOE-02
1.50E-03
1.50E-03
1.50E-03
l.OOE-02
l.OOE-02
Baes et al,
Baes et al.,
1984
1984
Barrows etal., 1980
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
Baes et al.,
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
MW
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
4.82E-01
1.8477
5.87E-05
9.01218
l.OOE+06
-9999
-9999
-9999
2970
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-16
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-ll. Chemical Parameters for Biphenyl, 1,1- ( 92-52-4)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.83E-03
1.16E-03
2.80E+02
2.00E-01
3.10E+00
3.38E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
4.71E-02
1.04
7.56E-06
3.00E-04
O.OOE+00
4.37E+03
2.48E-02
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
3.96E+00
154.21
NO DATA
6.03E+00
1998.36
-343.57
38
256.1
515.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default assumption
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-17
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-12. Chemical Parameters for Butyl benzyl phthalate ( 85-68-7)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.39E-02
8.80E-03
6.60E+02
6.20E-02
6.30E+03
1.61E+02
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.08E-02
1.117
5.17E-06
1.26E-06
O.OOE+00
1.70E+04
3.85E-03
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
4.84E+00
312.3654
-5.66
2.69E+00
-9999
-9999
-9999
370
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
HSDB
No data
E-18
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-13. Chemical Parameters for Carbon disulfide ( 75-15-0)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
2.01E-05
8.21E-05
6.00E+01
2.70E+00
2.50E-04
1.87E+00
1.06E-01
1.2632
1.30E-05
3.03E-02
O.OOE+00
4.79E+01
1.16E-02
3.47E-01
4.62E-02
2.00E+00
76.14
NO DATA
1.19E+03
1168.41
-304.77
78.0
46
278.85
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
WIN_PST Online
Pesticide Properties
Database
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal, 1977
Reid etal, 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-19
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-14. Chemical Parameters for Chloroaniline, 4- (106-47-8)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.42E-05
8.21E-05
l.OOE+01
3.30E+00
1.60E+01
1.62E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
7.04E-02
1.429
1.03E-05
3.31E-07
O.OOE+00
4.07E+01
9.63E-04
3.85E-03
O.OOE+00
1.85E+00
127.57
4.08
5.30E+03
-9999
-9999
-9999
232
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
No data
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-20
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-15. Chemical Parameters for Chlorobenzene (108-90-7)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.46E-04
9.20E-05
2.30E+01
8.60E-01
1.70E-02
4.81E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
7.21E-02
1.1058
9.48E-06
3.70E-03
O.OOE+00
3.78E+02
1.16E-03
4.62E-03
4.62E-03
2.86E+00
112.56
NO DATA
4.72E+02
1430.79
-328.75
44.6
131.7
359.25
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-21
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-16. Chemical Parameters for Chlorobenzilate ( 510-15-6)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.82E-03
3.06E-03
4.30E+02
1.10E-01
3.60E+04
7.12E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.18E-02
1.2816
5.48E-06
7.24E-08
O.OOE+00
1.10E+04
6.19E-03
1.98E-02
1.98E-02
4.38E+00
325.19
13.6
1.11E+01
-9999
-9999
-9999
157
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
Chemfate
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-22
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-17. Chemical Parameters for Chlorpyrifos
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF beef (mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF milk (mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF_fish (mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
BrExfruit (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Bv (ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
RCF (ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
Chemical properties
Da (cm2/s)
Density (g/niL)
Dw (cm2/s)
HLC atm-m3/mol
kh I/day or 1/yr Converted from a hydrolysis half-life.
Koc (mL/g)
ksed (I/day)
ksoil (I/day)
ksw (I/day)
LogKow (unitless)
MW (g/mol)
pKa (unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB (unitless)
AntC (unitless)
PC (atm)
tb (degC)
tc (degC)
( 2921-88-2)
Value
1.01E-02
6.37E-03
1.30E+03
7.40E-02
1.30E+03
1.26E+02
2.18E-02
1.398
5.51E-06
4.20E-06
9.63E-03
2.40E+04
5.47E-03
9.00E-03
4.50E-03
4.70E+00
351
-5.15
2.00E+00
-9999
-9999
-9999
377.43
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
RED/FRED
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
RED/FRED
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
SPARC
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-23
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-18. Chemical Parameters for Cresol, o- ( 95-48-7)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
1.96E-05
8.21E-05
1.10E+01
2.70E+00
6.10E+00
1.85E+00
7.59E-02
1.135
9.86E-06
1.20E-06
O.OOE+00
5.75E+01
2.48E-02
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
1.99E+00
108.14
9.8
2.60E+04
1435.25
-381.15
49.4
191
424.45
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal., 1991
Howard etal., 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-24
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-19. Chemical Parameters for Diazinon
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF beef (mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF milk (mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF_fish (mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
BrExfruit (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Bv (ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
RCF (ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
Chemical properties
Da (cm2/s)
Density (g/niL)
Dw (cm2/s)
HLC atm-m3/mol
kh I/day or 1/yr Converted from a hydrolysis half-life.
Koc (mL/g)
ksed (I/day)
ksoil (I/day)
ksw (I/day)
LogKow (unitless)
MW (g/mol)
pKa (unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB (unitless)
AntC (unitless)
PC (atm)
tb (degC)
tc (degC)
( 333-41-5)
Value
4.01E-04
2.53E-04
5.40E+02
4.80E-01
1.30E+02
1.05E+01
2.10E-02
1.1088
5.23E-06
1.40E-06
5.02E-03
9.55E+02
4.23E-03
1.69E-02
8.45E-03
3.30E+00
304.34
0.76
4.00E+01
-9999
-9999
-9999
87.5
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
RED/FRED
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
RED/FRED
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
SPARC
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-25
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-20. Chemical Parameters for Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans- ( 156-60-5)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
2.36E-05
8.21E-05
8.10E+00
2.50E+00
9.50E-04
1.19E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
8.76E-02
1.2565
1.12E-05
9.38E-03
O.OOE+00
3.98E+01
4.62E-03
1.85E-02
1.85E-02
2.07E+00
96.94
NO DATA
6.30E+03
-9999
-9999
54.38
48.7
243.55
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
HSDB
SCDM
HSDB
E-26
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-21. Chemical Parameters for Dichloromethane ( 75-09-2)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
1.60E+01
7.30E+00
5.50E-04
1.10E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
9.99E-02
1.3266
1.25E-05
2.19E-03
O.OOE+00
8.51E+00
6.19E-03
2.48E-02
2.48E-02
1.25E+00
84.93
NO DATA
1.30E+04
1138.71
-314.85
60
40
236.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-27
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-22. Chemical Parameters for Dioxane, 1,4- (123-91-1)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
l.OOE+00
6.50E+01
4.50E-03
8.35E-01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
8.74E-02
1.0337
1.05E-05
4.80E-06
O.OOE+00
1.54E-01
9.63E-04
3.85E-03
3.85E-03
-3.90E-01
88.11
NO DATA
l.OOE+06
1288.27
-335.3
51.4
101.5
313.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-28
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-23. Chemical Parameters for Endrin ( 72-20-8)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
2.30E-02
1.46E-02
4.60E+03
4.60E-02
1.80E+03
2.38E+02
2.30E-02
1.7
5.90E-06
7.52E-06
1.51E-04
3.98E+04
1.16E-03
1.61E-04
4.62E-03
5.06E+00
380.93
NO DATA
2.50E-01
-9999
-9999
-9999
340.17
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
WIN_PST Online
Pesticide Properties
Database
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-29
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-24. Chemical Parameters for Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate ( 2104-64-5)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
1.42E-03
8.99E-04
7.20E+02
2.30E-01
5.40E+03
2.78E+01
2.17E-02
1.27
5.47E-06
1.30E-07
O.OOE+00
3.39E+03
4.62E-03
4.62E-02
1.85E-02
3.85E+00
323.31
NO DATA
4.31E+00
-9999
-9999
-9999
420.48
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Default assumption
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
WIN_PST Online
Pesticide Properties
Database
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-30
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-25. Chemical Parameters for Fluoranthene ( 206-44-0)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
2.65E-02
1.68E-02
1.90E+03
4.30E-02
9.80E+02
2.64E+02
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.76E-02
1.252
7.18E-06
1.61E-05
O.OOE+00
4.27E+04
3.94E-04
1.58E-03
2.64E-01
5.12E+00
202.26
NO DATA
2.06E-01
-9999
-9999
-9999
384
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-31
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-26. Chemical Parameters for Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- ( 319-84-6)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.26E-03
8.02E-04
7.10E+02
2.50E-01
5.90E+01
2.55E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.75E-02
1.87
7.35E-06
1.06E-05
2.87E-03
2.69E+03
1.73E-02
5.13E-03
5.13E-03
3.80E+00
290.85
NO DATA
2.00E+00
-9999
-9999
-9999
288
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
HSDB
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
HSDB
No data
E-32
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-27. Chemical Parameters for Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- (319-85-7)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
1.30E-03
8.21E-04
3.00E+02
2.40E-01
8.60E+02
2.59E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.77E-02
1.89
7.40E-06
7.43E-07
O.OOE+00
2.69E+03
7.37E-03
5.59E-03
5.59E-03
3.81E+00
290.83
NO DATA
2.40E-01
-9999
-9999
-9999
60
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-33
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-28. Chemical Parameters for Isobutyl alcohol ( 78-83-1)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
3.20E+00
1.40E+01
3.00E-02
9.34E-01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
8.97E-02
0.8018
l.OOE-05
1.18E-05
O.OOE+00
2.75E+00
2.40E-02
9.61E-02
9.61E-02
7.50E-01
74.12
15.8
8.50E+04
1248.25
-373.45
42.4
107.8
274.55
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-34
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-29. Chemical Parameters for Manganese ( 7439-96-5)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
MW
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
3.20E-03
5.60E-03
2.30E+01
5.00E-02
2.50E-01
2.50E-01
5.00E-02
5.00E-02
5.00E-02
2.50E-01
2.50E-01
2.43E-01
7.2
4.48E-05
54.93805
8.72E+04
-9999
-9999
-9999
1962
-9999
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
ECOTOX
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-35
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-30. Chemical Parameters for Methyl ethyl ketone ( 78-93-3)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
3.20E+00
2.70E+01
2.00E-03
8.70E-01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
9.17E-02
0.8054
1.02E-05
5.59E-05
O.OOE+00
9.33E-01
2.48E-02
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
2.80E-01
72.11
-5.164094999
2.23E+05
-9999
-9999
-9999
79.5
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-36
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-31. Chemical Parameters for MIBK (108-10-1)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.40E-06
8.21E-05
2.00E+00
7.90E+00
7.50E-03
1.07E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
6.98E-02
0.7978
8.36E-06
1.38E-04
O.OOE+00
7.41E+00
2.48E-02
9.90E-02
9.90E-02
1.19E+00
100.16
-5.04
1.90E+04
1256.47
-343.9
32.3
116.5
297.85
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-37
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-33. Chemical Parameters for Naled
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF beef (mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF milk (mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
BCF_fish (mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
BrExfruit (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
Bv (ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
RCF (ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
Chemical properties
Da (cm2/s)
Density (g/niL)
Dw (cm2/s)
HLC atm-m3/mol
kh I/day or 1/yr Converted from a hydrolysis half-life.
Koc (mL/g)
ksed (I/day)
ksoil (I/day)
ksw (I/day)
LogKow (unitless)
MW (g/mol)
pKa (unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB (unitless)
AntC (unitless)
PC (atm)
tb (degC)
tc (degC)
( 300-76-5)
Value
4.82E-06
8.21E-05
3.80E-01
6.20E+00
1.50E+01
1.17E+00
2.46E-02
1.96
6.43E-06
1.13E-07
1.08E+00
1.15E+01
1.54E-01
6.93E-01
4.62E-01
1.38E+00
381
NO DATA
2.00E+03
-9999
-9999
-9999
327.79
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
Calculated based on
Kollig, 1993
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
HSDB
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
Insufficient data.
US EPA OP
Cumulative Risk
Assessment
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-38
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-32. Chemical Parameters for Nitrosodiphenylamine, N- ( 86-30-6)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
2.90E-04
1.84E-04
2.20E+02
5.80E-01
2.60E+01
8.19E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.84E-02
1.23
7.19E-06
5.00E-06
O.OOE+00
6.92E+02
5.10E-03
2.04E-02
2.04E-02
3.16E+00
198.22
-34.84
3.51E+01
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
ChemFinder
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
E-39
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-34. Chemical Parameters for Phenol (108-95-2)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
6.07E-06
8.21E-05
2.00E+01
5.40E+00
5.30E+00
1.24E+00
8.34E-02
1.0545
1.03E-05
3.97E-07
O.OOE+00
1.70E+01
2.48E-02
6.93E-02
2.94E-01
1.48E+00
94.11
10
8.28E+04
1515.80
-371.74
60.5
181.8
421.05
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-40
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-35. Chemical Parameters for Pyrene ( 129-00-0)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
2.59E-02
1.63E-02
7.80E+02
4.30E-02
1.40E+03
2.60E+02
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.78E-02
1.271
7.25E-06
1.10E-05
O.OOE+00
8.32E+04
9.12E-05
3.65E-04
8.15E+00
5.11E+00
202.26
NO DATA
1.35E-01
-9999
-9999
-9999
404
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-41
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-36. Chemical Parameters for Silver and compounds ( 7440-22-4)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
MW
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water) BCF_T3W was used as a surrogate. -
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.40E-02
3.20E-01
O.OOE+00
l.OOE-01
4.00E-01
4.00E-01
l.OOE-01
l.OOE-01
l.OOE-01
4.00E-01
4.00E-01
1.75E-01
10.49
3.75E-05
107.8682
l.OOE+06
-9999
-9999
-9999
2212
-9999
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Barrows etal., 1980
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Baesetal., 1984
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-42
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-37. Chemical Parameters for Sodium nitrite ( 7632-00-0)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
MW
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.20E+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.43E-01
2.26
1.95E-05
69
l.OOE+06
-9999
-9999
-9999
320
-9999
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
No data
No data
ChemFinder
No data
E-43
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-38. Chemical Parameters for Total Nitrate Nitrogen (14797-55-8)
Parameter Units
Comment
Value
Reference
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
BrExveg
BrForage
BrGrain
BrProfruit
BrProveg
BrRoot
BrSilage
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
MW
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
(g/mol)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.20E+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
1.24E-01
2.26
1.72E-05
85.01
9.21E+05
-9999
-9999
-9999
380
1047.85
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
HSDB
No data
No data
No data
HSDB
HSDB
E-44
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-39. Chemical Parameters for Trichlorofluoromethane ( 75-69-4)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
6.81E-05
8.21E-05
1.80E+01
1.30E+00
2.90E-04
2.68E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
6.55E-02
1.494
1.01E-05
9.70E-02
O.OOE+00
1.29E+02
4.81E-04
1.93E-03
1.93E-03
2.53E+00
137.37
NO DATA
1.10E+03
1042.82
-309.45
43.5
23.7
198.05
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
Merck
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
Reid etal., 1977
SCDM
Reid etal., 1977
E-45
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-40. Chemical Parameters for Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5- ( 93-72-1)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
1.26E-03
8.02E-04
3.20E+00
2.50E-01
8.00E+06
2.55E+01
2.34E-02
1.2085
5.92E-06
7.83E-11
O.OOE+00
5.50E+01
4.62E-03
3.30E-02
1.85E-02
3.80E+00
269.51
3.4
1.40E+02
-9999
-9999
-9999
353.28
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
EPIWIN(v3.10)
WIN_PST Online
Pesticide Properties
Database
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-46
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-41. Chemical Parameters for Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5- ( 93-76-5)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
4.10E-04
2.59E-04
3.20E+00
4.70E-01
2.20E+04
1.07E+01
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
2.89E-02
1.8
7.76E-06
8.68E-09
O.OOE+00
2.69E+01
3.85E-03
3.47E-02
3.47E-02
3.31E+00
255.48
3.0
2.68E+02
-9999
-9999
-9999
348.68
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
EPIWIN(v3.10)
No data
E-47
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-42. Chemical Parameters for Trifluralin ( 1582-09-8)
Parameter Units Comment
Biotransfer factors
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF_fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
Chemical
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW) Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
water)
properties
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
Sol (mg/L)
Temperature correction factors
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
Value
4.20E-02
2.66E-02
4.20E+03
3.30E-02
9.80E+02
3.77E+02
2.21E-02
1.36
5.57E-06
2.64E-05
O.OOE+00
l.OOE+05
1.16E-03
1.16E-02
4.62E-03
5.32E+00
335.28
-3.03
8.11E+00
-9999
-9999
-9999
140
-9999
Reference
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
SRC Measured Data-
base (Meylan et al.)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
HSDB
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Default assumption
Calculated based on
equation (7) in Kollig
EPIWIN(v3.10)
WIN_PST Online
Pesticide Properties
Database
EPIWIN(v3.10)
SCDM
SCDM
SPARC
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-48
-------
Appendix E
Chemical Data
Table E-43. Chemical Parameters for Xylenes ( 1330-20-7)
Parameter Units
Biotransfer factors
Comment
Value
Reference
BCF_beef
BCF_milk
BCF fish
BrExfruit
Bv
RCF
(mg/kg beef)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg milk)/(mg/kg DW)
(mg/kg fish)/(mg/L water)
(mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg soil)
(ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
(ug/g - WW plant) / (ug/mL soil
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
Converted from a biotransfer factor
(BTF).
2.98E-04
1.87E-04
5.00E+01
5.70E-01
2.00E-02
8.33E+00
Travis and Arms, 1988
Travis and Arms, 1988
EPIWIN(v3.10)
Travis and Arms, 1988
IEM/MPE, U.S. EPA,
1998
Briggsetal., 1982
water)
Chemical properties
Da
Density
Dw
HLC
kh
Koc
ksed
ksoil
ksw
LogKow
MW
pKa
Sol
Temperature
AntB
AntC
PC
tb
tc
(cm2/s)
(g/mL)
(cm2/s)
atm-m3/mol
I/day or 1/yr
(mL/g)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(I/day)
(unitless)
(g/mol)
(unitless)
(mg/L)
correction factors
(unitless)
(unitless)
(atm)
(degC)
(degC)
6.87E-02
0.8684
8.49E-06
6.73E-03
O.OOE+00
1.20E+03
1.93E-03
2.48E-02
2.48E-02
3.17E+00
106.17
NO DATA
1.75E+02
-9999
-9999
-9999
140.6
-9999
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
Merck
Calculated based on
WATER9,U.S. EPA,
2001
SCDM
Kollig, 1993
Kollig, 1993
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal, 1991
Howard etal., 1991
SCDM
SCDM
Insufficient data.
SCDM
No data
No data
No data
SCDM
No data
E-49
-------
Appendix E Chemical Data
E6.0 References
Baes, C.F., R.D. Sharp, A.L. Sjoreen, and R.W. Shor. 1984. A Review and Analysis of
Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides Through
Agriculture. ORNL-5786. Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. September.
Barrows,M.E., S.R.Petrocelli, KJ.Macek, and J.J.Carroll. 1980. Chapter 24: Bioconcentration
and elimination of selected water pollutants by bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus).
In: Dynamics, Exposure and Hazard Assessment of Toxic Chemicals. Ann Arbor
Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor, MI. pp. 379-392.
Briggs, G.G., R.H. Bromilow, and A.A. Evans. 1982. Relationships between lipophilicity and
root uptake and translocation of nonionised chemicals by barley. Pesticide Science
13:495-504.
Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. 12th edition. Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ.
ChemFinder.com. 1999. ChemFinder.com Database and Internet Searching.
http ://www. chemfmder. com.
EPIWIN(v3.10). Available on-line at
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/docs/episuite.htm
Howard, P.H. 1989. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic
Chemicals. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, Inc.
Howard, P.H., R.S. Boethling, W.F. Jarvis, W.M. Meylan, and E.M. Michalenko, and Printup,
H.T. (ed.) 1991. Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates. Chelsea, MI:
Chelsea, Michigan.
Kollig, H.P. (ed). 1993. Environmental Fate Constants for Organic Chemicals Under
Consideration for EPA's Hazardous Waste Identification Projects. EPA/600/R-93/132.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. August.
Lee, L.S., P.S. Rao, P. Nkedi-Kizza, and J. J. Delfino. 1990. Influence of Solvent and Sorbent
Characteristics on Distribution of Pentachlorophenol in Octanol-Water and Soil-Water
Systems. In: Environmental Science and Technology 24, 654-661.
Lyman, W.J., W.F. Reehl, and D.H. Rosenblatt. 1990. Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods: Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds. Washington,
DC: American Chemical Society.
NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2002. Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) Hazardous
Substances Data Bank. Web site at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov.
-------
Appendix E Chemical Data
Reid, R.C., J.M. Prausnitz, and T.K. Sherwood. 1977. The Properties of Gases and Liquids.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
SPARC . 2003. SPARC On-Line Calculator. Web site at
http://ibmlc2.chem.uga.edu/sparc/index.cfm.
SRC (Syracuse Research Corporation). 1999. CHEMFATE Chemical Search, Environmental
Science Center, Syracuse, NY. http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb/Chemfate.htm .
Travis,C.C., and A.D.Arms. 1988. Bioconcentration of organics in beef, milk, and vegetation.
Environmental Science and Technology. 22(3): 271-274.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Process Coefficients and Models for
Simulating Toxic Organics and Heavy Metals in Surface Waters. Office of Research and
Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. June.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix
(SCDM). Superfund Internet Site, Washington, DC. Web site at
http://www.epa.gov/oerrpage/superfund/resources/scdm/index.htm.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. The Parameter Guidance Document. A
companion Document to the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with
Multiple Pathways Exposure to Combustor Emissions (Internal Draft). NCEA-0238.
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. March.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Methodology for Assessing Health Risks
Associated with Multiple Pathways of Exposure to Combustor Emissions. Update to
EPA/600/6-90/003 Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect
Exposure to Combustor Emissions. EPA 600/R-98/137. National Center for
Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Silver Waste Streams: Management
Practices, Risks, and Economics, Volume I. EPA 68-W6-0053. Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC. January.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Exposure and Human Health
Reassessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds.
EPA/600/P-00/001Bg. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 200 la. Risk Assessment Technical Background
Document for the Paint and Coatings Hazardous Waste Listing Determination. EPA 68-
W6-0053. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. January.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001b. WATER9, Air Emission Models for
Waste and Wastewater. Technology Transfer Network Clearinghouse for Inventories &
Emission Factors. Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/water.
E-51
-------
Appendix E Chemical Data
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 200Ic. Preliminary Organo-Phosphates
Cumulative Risk Assessment. Web site at
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/rra-op/summary.htm.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2000-2002. Interim Reregi strati on and
Reregi strati on Eligibility Decision document (I/RED). Organophosphate Review -
Chemical Status Site. Web site at http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/rereg/status.cfm?show=op.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). WIN-PST Pesticide Properties Database.
Available at
http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/quality/common/pestmgt/ppd/ai_main.htm.
E-52
-------
Appendix F
Biota Data
Table F-l. Biota Parameters
Parameter Description
Value
Reference
Beef cattle diet fractions (DF)
DF_feed_beef Fraction of feed (unitless)
0.48
U.S. EPA, 2000
DF_grass_beef Fraction of grass (unitless)
0.48 Used forage as a surrogate for feed (U.S. EPA,
2000).
DF_soil_beef Fraction of soil (unitless)
Dairy cattle diet fractions (DF)
0.04
U.S. EPA, 2000
DF_feed_milk Fraction of feed (unitless)
0.9
U.S. EPA, 2000
DF_grass_milk Fraction of forage (unitless)
0.08
U.S. EPA, 2000
DF_soil_milk Fraction of soil (unitless)
Feedlot factor (FF)
0.02
U.S. EPA, 2000
FF
Feedlot factor (<= 1 for beef fat and =1 1
for milk fat) (unitless)
Best professional judgment
Fraction contaminated
F_feed
F_grass
Crop yield (Yp)
Yp_exfruit
Yp_exveg
Yp_feed
Yp_forage
Yp_grass
Fraction of feed grown on
contaminated soil and eaten (unitless)
Fraction of grasses grown on
contaminated soil and eaten (unitless)
For exposed fruit (kg DW/m2)
For exposed vegetables (kg DW/m2)
For feed (kg DW/m2)
For forage (kg DW/m2)
For grass (kg DW/m2)
Yp_silage For silage (kg DW/m2)
Empirical correction factors (VG)
VG_bg
VG_exfruit
VG_exveg
VG_feed
VG_forage
VG_grass
VG_silage
For belowground vegetables (unitless)
For exposed fruit (unitless)
For exposed vegetables (unitless)
For feed (unitless)
For forage (unitless)
For grass (unitless)
For silage (unitless)
1
1
1.17
1.17
0.63
0.15
0.15
0.9
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.5
1
1
0.5
Used silage as a surrogate for feed (U.S. EPA,
1997).
Used forage as a surrogate for grass (U.S. EPA,
1997).
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
Use grass as a surrogate for forage (U.S. EPA,
2000).
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 1997
F-4
-------
Appendix F
Biota Data
Table F-l.
Parameter Description
Biota
Value
Parameters
Reference
Interception fractions (Rp)
Rp_exfruit For exposed fruit (unitless)
Rp_exveg For exposed vegetation (unitless)
Rp_feed For feed (unitless)
Rp_forage For forage (unitless)
Rp_grass For grass (unitless)
Rp_silage For silage (unitless)
Moisture adjustment factors (MAP)
MAF_bg For root vegetables (% water)
MAF_exfruit For exposed fruits (% water)
MAF_exveg For exposed vegetables (% water)
MAF_feed For feed (% water)
MAF_forage For forage (% water)
MAF_grain For grain (% water)
MAF_grass For grass (% water)
MAF_profruit For protected fruits (% water)
MAF_proveg For protected vegetables (% water)
MAF_silage For silage (% water)
0.48
0.48
0.62
0.35
0.35
0.5
87.32
85
91.77
69.3
91.77
89.59
91.77
89.59
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
Used grass as a surrogate (U.S. EPA, 2000).
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 2000
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 1997
U.S. EPA, 1997
Used silage as a surrogate for feed
Used MAP for exposed vegetables
for forage (U.S. EPA, 1997).
Used MAP for protected fruit as a
grain (U.S. EPA, 1997).
Used MAP for exposed vegetables
(U.S. EPA, 1997).
U.S. EPA, 1997
(Loy, 1993).
as a surrogate
surrogate for
as a surrogate
80.225 U.S. EPA, 1997
69.3
Loy, 1993
F-5
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
-------
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
For the sewage sludge lagoon assessed in this analysis, the Surface Impoundment (SI)
Module from the Multimedia, Multipathway, Multireceptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) was
selected to model the movement of sludge chemicals into the surrounding air and groundwater
systems. The following documentation details the functionality of the SI Module in the 3MRA
modeling system. The specific parameters and values modeled for the sewage sludge screening
analysis are presented in Attachment A to this appendix.
Gl.O Module Overview and Summary of Functionality
The SI Module is a source module used in the 3MRA modeling system to model the
management of wastewaters in surface impoundments. Surface impoundments are commonly
used for the management of wastewaters for flow equalization, storage, treatment (typically
biological treatment or neutralization), and solids settling (clarification). The SI Module was
developed to simulate both aerated and quiescent surface impoundments. Consequently, the SI
Module contains both the well-mixed, steady-state mass balance solution and a time-dependent
mass balance solution for simulating plug-flow, batch, or disposal surface impoundments.
Mass transport equations are used to describe volatile contaminant losses from surface
impoundments. A surface impoundment may have some degree of solids settling, although
solids settling and accumulation is more significant for quiescent units.1 When significant solid
accumulation occurs, the surface impoundment must be cleaned or dredged to remove the
accumulated solids. In addition, there is leaching loss from bottom of the surface impoundment.
The SI Module functionality may be summarized as follows:
• Mass balance approach taking into consideration contaminant removal by
volatilization, biodegradation, hydrolysis, leaching, and partitioning to solids
• Estimation of volatilization rates for both aerated and quiescent surfaces
• Estimation of infiltration rate and contaminant leachate flux rates
• Estimation of suspended solids removal (settling) efficiency
• Estimation of temperature effects.
Sewage sludge lagoons are modeled as quiescent disposal impoundments.
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G2.0 Inputs and Outputs
The SI Module calculates volatile emissions flux from a surface impoundment. The unit
has only volatile emissions (no particulates), and the bottom of a surface impoundment is
pervious so that contaminant leaching can occur. There is no runoff and overland flow of
contaminant. The SI Module is a quasi-steady-state module, and emissions and leaching occur
only while the unit operates. The module uses monthly average meteorological data and adjusts
the operating temperature in the unit as a function of the ambient temperature and hydraulic
residence time so that chemical property information can be calculated as a function of the unit
temperature. The program may also generate warning messages (e.g., if the calculated unit
temperature is below freezing, a warning is generated).
The output from the SI Module provides input for calculations of air transport of
contaminant using an air model and for groundwater transport of contaminant using a
groundwater model. The volatile flux is calculated for a number of years specified either as the
total number of years of the simulation or the number of years the unit is operated. Groundwater
infiltration is assumed to be driven by the hydrostatic pressure head produced by the wastewater
in the unit; when the unit ceases operation, it is assumed that no additional contaminant leaches
from the source. Annual liquid infiltration rates and contaminant leachate flux rates are both
calculated at the base of the unit and are output for use to estimate groundwater concentrations.
Table G-l summarizes the input and output variables for the SI Module.
Table G-l. Summary of Inputs and Outputs for SI Source Module
Source
File Variable Name
Data
Units Type
Variable Name in
Module Code
Description
HD.SSF CPDirectory
MetData
SL.SSF SrcArea
SiteLatitude
SiteLongitude
MetSta
NyrMax
String m_pathname, pathname
String MetPath
m2 Real m_A_wmu, A_wmu, A_tot
degrees Real m_Lat
degrees Real m_Long
String m_MetSta, MetSta
years
Integer m_NyrMax
Path for location of
chemical properties
files
Path for location of
meteorological files
Area of the waste
management unit
Latitude of the site
Longitude of the site
ID number for
meteorological station
associated with site
Maximum module
simulation time
(continued)
G-4
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Table G-l. (continued)
Source
File
Variable Name
SrcPh
SrcTemp
Units
pH units
degrees
Data
Type
Real
Real
Variable Name in
Module Code
m_pH, pH
m_T_waste, T_waste
Description
Waste pH
Temperature of the
Celsius
SrcType
SrcNumLWS
SrcLWSNumSubArea
String m_WMUType, WMUType
Integer m_SrcNumLWS,
SrcNumLWS
Integer m_SrcLWSNumSubArea[ ]
SrcLWSSubArealndex unitless Integer m_SrcLWSSubArea!ndex[ ]
SrcLWSSubAreaArea m2
TermFrac
SrcDepth
NumVad
N_stota
VadSATK
VadThicka
VadALPHA
VadBETA
SI.SSF VadSATK
or
AT.SSF
d liner
m
m
Real m_SrcLWSSubAreaArea[ ]
fraction Real m_TermFrac
m Real m_SrcDepth
Integer m_NumVad, NumVad
unitless Integer m_N_stot, N_stot
cm/h Real m_hydc_s[ ], hydc_s[ ]
Real m_d_s[][],d_s[]
I/cm Real m_alpha_s[ ], alpha_s[ ]
unitless Real m_beta_s[ ], beta_s[ ]
cm/h Real m_hydc_liner, hydc_liner
Real m d liner, d liner
waste
Type of waste
management unit
Number of local
watersheds
Number of subareas in
the local watershed
Local watershed
subarea containing SI
Area of a subarea in the
local watershed
Peak output fraction for
simulation termination
Depth of source
Number of vadose
zones
Number of subsurface
soil layers (currently
hardwired to l)a
Saturated hydraulic
conductivity in the
subsurface soil layer
Thickness of the
subsurface soil layef
Alpha soil parameter
for subsurface soil
Beta soil parameter for
subsurface soil
Hydraulic conductivity
of the liner
Thickness of SI liner
(currently hardwired to
0.5m)
(continued)
G-5
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Table G-l. (continued)
Source Data
File Variable Name Units Type
Variable Name in
Module Code
Description
VadALPHA
VadBETA
hydc_sed
bio_yield
CBOD
C_in
EconLife
NumEcon
d_imp
dmeanTSS
d_setpt
I/cm Real m_alpha_liner, alpha_liner
unitless Real m beta liner, beta liner
m/s Real m_hydc_sed, hydc_sed
g/g Real m_bio_yield, bio_yield
g/cm3 Real m_CBOD, CBOD
mg/L Real m_C_in, C_in
year Integer m_EconLife, EconLife
Integer m_NumEcon, NumEcon
cm Real m_d_imp, d_imp
cm Real m_m, m
fraction Real m_d_setpt, d_setpt
Alpha soil parameter
for SI liner
Beta soil parameter for
SI liner
Hydraulic conductivity
of the sediment that
accumulates in the unit
Biomass yield in g dry
wt biomass/g CBOD
Carbonaceous
biochemical oxygen
demand for the
chemical
Concentration of
chemical in hazardous
waste
Economic life of the
unit
Number of economic
lifetimes that the unit
operates
Diameter of the
impeller used to aerate
the unit
Mean particle of an
influent particle
Fraction full of
sediment at which unit
is dredged
d_wmu m
F_aer fraction
focW mass
fraction
Real
Real
Real
m_d_wmu, d_wmu, d_tot
m_F_aer, F_aer
m_foc, foe
Depth of the waste
management unit
Fraction of the unit
surface area that is
aerated
Fraction of organic
carbon in the waste
(continued)
G-6
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Table G-l. (continued)
Source
File
Variable Name
Data
Units Type
Variable Name in
Module Code
Description
fwmu
kbal
k_dec
MWt_H2O
n_imp
O2Eff
Powr
Q_wmu
rho_l
rho_part
TSS_in
w_imp
CP.SSF NumChem
ChemType
ChemADiff
mass Real m_fwmu, fwmu
fraction
lbO2/h-hp Real m_J, J
unitless Real m kbal, kbal
1/s
hp
Real m_k_dec, k_dec
g/cm-s Real m_mu_H2O, mu_H2O
g/mol Real m_MWt_H2O, MWt_H2O
unitless Integer m_n_imp, n_imp
unitless Real m O2eff, O2eff
Real m Powr, Powr
mVs Real m_Q_wmu, Q_wmu, Q_in
g/cm3 Real m_rho_H2O, rho_H2O
g/cm3 Real m_rho_part, rho_part
g/cm3 Real m_TSS_in, TSS_in
rad/s Real m_w_imp, w_imp
Integer m_NumChem,
cmVs Real m_Da, Da
Fraction of waste that
is hazardous
O2 transfer rating of
aerator
Ratio of biologically
active solids to the total
solids concentration
Anaerobic
digestion/decay
constant of the organic
sediment
Viscosity of water
Molecular weight of
water
Number of
impellers/aerators
O2 transfer correction
factor
Total power to
aerators/impellers
Total influent flow rate
into the unit
Density of water
Density of particles in
the influent waste
Total suspended solids
concentration in the
influent
Rotational speed of
impellers
Number of chemical
species
String m_ChemType, ChemType Type of chemical
Diffusivity of chemical
in air
(continued)
G-l
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Table G-l. (continued)
Source
File Variable Name
Data
Units Type
Variable Name in
Module Code
Description
ChemWDiff
ChemHLC
ChemKoc
ChemAnaB ioRate
ChemAerBioRateb
ChemHydRate
ChemSol
ChemCASID
ChemName
ChemKd
Met data
file
SR.GRF VENY
VEYR
cmVs Real m_Dw, Dw
(atmm3)/ Real m_HLC, HLC
mol
mL/g Real m_Koc, Koc
I/day Real m_kbiou, kbs
I/day Real m_kbioa, kbm
I/day Real m_k_hyd, k_hyd
mg/L Real m_Sol, Sol
String m_CAS, CAS
String m_ChemName, ChemName
L/kg Real m_Kds, Kds
°C Real m_AvgTemp[][]
m/s Real m_um[y] [z]
m/d Real m_AvgPpt[][]
m/d Real m_E[][]
Integer NyrMet
Integer VENumOut
year Integer VEOutYear[ ]
Diffusivity of chemical
in water
Henry's law constant
for the chemical
Soil-water partitioning
coefficient for the
chemical
Biodegradation / decay
rate of contaminant in
sediment compartment
Complex first-order
biodegradation rate
constant for the
chemical15
Hydrolysis rate for the
chemical
Chemical solubility
Chemical CAS ID
number
Chemical name
Solid/water partition
coefficient
Average monthly
temperature
Monthly average
windspeed
Average monthly
precipitation
Average monthly
evaporation
Number of years of
meteorological data
number of years in VE
outputs
Year associated with
VE output
(continued)
G-8
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Table G-l. (continued)
Source
File
Variable Name
VE
LeachFluxNY
Units
g/m2/d
Data
Type
Real
Integer
Variable Name in
Module Code
E_wmu_t[ ]
LeachFluxNumOut[ ]
Description
Volatile emission rate
Number of years in
LeachFluxYR
LeachFlux
NyrMet
Annlnfil
SrcOvl
SrcSoil
SrcLeachSrc
SrcLeachMet
SrcVE
SrcCE
SrcH2O
year Integer LeachFluxOutYear[ ] [ ]
g/m2/d Real L_wmu_t[ ]
year Integer nyrs
m/d Real Infil_t[ ]
Logic l_SrcOvl
Logic l_SrcSoil
Logic !_SrcLeachSrc
Logic l_SrcLeachMet
Logic l_SrcVE
Logic l_SrcCE
Logic l_SrcH2O
leach flux outputs
Year associated with
leach flux output
Leachate contaminant
flux
Number of years in the
available met record
(set equal to number of
year unit operates)
Annual average
leachate infiltration rate
Flag for overland flow
presence
Flag for soil presence
Flag for leachate
presence when leachate
is not met-driven (unit
is active)
Flag for leachate
presence when leachate
is met-driven
Flag for volatile
emissions presence
Flag for chemical
sorbed to particulates
emissions presence
Flag for surface water
presence
a The module currently assumes there is one native soil layer and that the thickness of the underlying soil layer is
assumed to be a minimum of 1 meter thick. If the regional vadose zone thickness is less than 1+d^u, then the
impoundment is assumed to be built up (via an earthen berm) so that there is 1 meter of soil between the bottom
of the surface impoundment and the groundwater.
b If normalized biodegradation rate constants are unavailable, normalized biodegradation rates constants are
estimated from first-order biodegradation rate constants developed for soil systems by assuming the effective
biomass in the soil system is 2.0 x 10"6 Mg/m3. This value was developed by RTI as an interim estimate until a
more rigorously developed value for this parameter is available from EPA.
G-9
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G3.0 Assumptions and Limitations
The general construct used for the SI Module includes losses due to volatilization from
aerated and/or quiescent surfaces, biodegradation, hydrolysis, solids settling/accumulation, and
leaching. This general module construct can be useful for a wide variety of surface
impoundment applications. Certain applications of surface impoundments, such as chemical
precipitation, may not be well modeled with this module construct. However, with judicious
selection of the input parameters, the general module construct can provide accurate fate
estimates for chemicals on surface impoundments. For example, if the precipitation rate for
chemical precipitation is known, the input parameters used for "biomass" growth could be
manipulated to simulate the solids generation rate caused by precipitation (rather than biomass
growth).
The following assumptions are used in the development of the SI Module solution:
• Three-compartment model: each compartment has a fixed volume for a given
monthly solution; volumes readjusted to account for solids accumulation
• Well-mixed and time-dependent solutions
• First-order kinetics for volatilization in liquid compartment
• First-order kinetics for hydrolysis in both liquid and sediment compartment
• First-order kinetics for biodegradation with respect to both contaminant
concentration and biomass concentration in liquid compartment
• First-order kinetics for biodegradation in sediment compartment
• Darcy's law for calculating the infiltration rate
• First-order kinetics for solids settling
• Monod kinetics for biomass growth rate with respect to total biological oxygen
demand (BOD) loading
• First-order biomass decay rate within the accumulating sediment compartment
• No contaminant in precipitation/rainfall
• Linear contaminant partitioning among adsorbed solids, dissolved phases, and
vapor phases.
Because of the simplicity of the biodegradation rate module employed and the use of
Henry's law partitioning coefficients, the module is most applicable to dilute aqueous wastes. At
higher contaminant concentrations, biodegradation of toxic constituents may be expected to
exhibit zero-order or even inhibitory rate kinetics. For waste streams with high contaminant or
G-10
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
high total organic concentrations, vapor-phase contaminant partitioning may be better estimated
using partial pressure (Raoult's law) rather than Henry's law. Also, because daughter products
are not included in the module, any contaminant emissions or leachate generated as a reaction
intermediate or end product from either biodegradation or hydrolysis is not included in the
module output.
G4.0 Theory and Algorithms
The surface impoundment is divided into three primary compartments: a "liquid"
compartment, an "unconsolidated sediment" compartment, and a "consolidated sediment"
compartment. Mass balances are performed on these primary compartments at time intervals
small enough that the hydraulic retention time in the liquid compartment is not significantly
influenced by the solids settling and accumulation. Figure G-l provides a general schematic of a
module construct for a surface impoundment.
In the liquid compartment, there is flow both into and out of the surface impoundment.
There is also a leachate flow to the sediment compartment and out the bottom of the surface
impoundment. Within the liquid compartment, contaminant loss occurs through volatilization,
hydrolysis, biodegradation (presumably aerobic), and particle burial (net sedimentation). The
sediment compartments have contaminant losses due to (anaerobic) biodegradation and
hydrolysis. Some contaminant mixing between the compartments occurs as a result of
contaminant diffusion and particle sedimentation and resuspension.
Solids generation occurs in the liquid compartment as a result of biological growth;
solids destruction occurs in the sediment compartment as a result of sludge digestion. Using the
well-mixed assumption, the suspended solids concentration within the surface impoundment is
assumed to be constant throughout. However, some stratification of sediment is expected across
the length and depth of the surface impoundment so that the effective total suspended solids
(TSS) concentration is assumed to be a function of the unit's TSS removal efficiency rather than
equal to the effluent TSS concentration. The liquid (dissolved)-phase contaminant concentration
within the unit, however, is assumed to be equal to the effluent dissolved-phase concentration for
the well-mixed model solution.
The primary outputs of the SI Module are the annual average volatilization rate, the
annual average surface water concentration, the annual average infiltration rate, and the annual
average leachate contaminant flux rate from the surface impoundment.
G-ll
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Influent
1 Rainfall
t Emissions (aerated and nonaerated surfaces)
- Effluent
Liquid Compartment (1)
Aerobic biodegradation
First-order chemical degradation (e.g., hydrolysis)
Biomass growth
1 Infiltration (leachate + entrained solids)
I Contaminant diffusion; I Solids settling/resuspension
Unconsolidated Sediment Compartment (2)
Anaerobic degradation/decay
i Solids burial; I Leachate
I Contaminant diffusion
Consolidated Sediment Compartment (3)
Anaerobic degradation
1 Leachate
i Leachate to groundwater
Figure G-l. Schematic of module construct for surface impoundments.
G4.1 Mass Balance Equations and General Solution
G4.1.1 Constituent Mass Balance for Liquid Compartment
In the liquid compartment, contaminant loss occurs through volatilization, hydrolysis,
and biodegradation. There is infiltration (denoting liquid flow of both liquid and entrained
solids) into the sediment compartment and leachate (filtered liquid flow) out the bottom of the
surface impoundment. Within the liquid compartment, contaminant is also transported across
the liquid/sediment compartment interface by solids settling and resuspension, contaminant
diffusion, and leachate flow. The time-dependent constituent mass balance for the liquid
compartment is
KOL A
V
sed
- v
V, (kbm kha [TSS], + khyd}
G-12
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where
Mot,x
Vleach
A
[TSSL
[MLVSSL
Vdiffl2
total contaminant concentration in compartment x (mg/L = g/m3)
leachate flow rate from surface impoundment (m3/sec)
overall volatilization mass transfer coefficient (m/sec)
total surface area of surface impoundment (m2)
hydrolysis rate (I/sec)
volume of liquid compartment in surface impoundment = dt A (m3)
depth of liquid compartment (m)
complex first order biodegradation rate constant (m3 /Mg-sec)
ratio of biologically active solids to the total solids concentration (i.e.,
kba=[MLVSS]1/[TSS]1)
concentration of total suspended solids in liquid compartment (g/cm3 =
Mg/m3)
concentration of biomass as mixed liquor volatile suspended solids
(MLVSS) liquid compartment (g/cm3 = Mg/m3) CtoU = total
contaminant concentration in the surface impoundment (mg/L = g/m3)
solids settling or sedimentation velocity (m/sec)
solids resuspension velocity (m/sec)
mass transfer coefficient between liquid compartment (1) and
unconsolidated sediment compartment (2) (m/sec)
ratio of liquid-phase contaminant concentration to total contaminant
concentration in compartment x
1
(G-2)
= particulate-phase contaminant fraction in compartment x
J DJC
•'totj:
(G-3)
G-13
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
6liqx
Cliqx
solx
[TSS]X
kds
Koc
f
= volumetric liquid fraction of compartment x (m3/m3)
= liquid-phase contaminant concentration in compartment x (mg/L =
g/m3)
= solid-phase contaminant concentration in compartment x (mg/kg =
g/Mg)
= concentration of TSS in compartment x (g/cm3 = Mg/m3)
= solid-water partition coefficient (m3/Mg) = Koc x foc for organics
= soil-water partitioning (m3/Mg)
= fraction organic carbon in the waste (mass fraction).
For the time-dependent solution, the influent flow rates are included in the initial
conditions. The well-mixed constituent mass balance for the liquid compartment is similar to the
time-dependent equation provided in Equation G-l, except the left-hand side of the equation
would be
(G-4)
where
Qinfl
Ctot,infi
Qout
Ctotout
Ctot
thaz
= influent flow rate to the surface impoundment (m3/sec)
= total contaminant concentration in the surface impoundment influent
(mg/L = g/m3)
= C x f
^ 1
= effluent flow rate from the surface impoundment, (m3/sec)
= total contaminant concentration in surface impoundment effluent (mg/L
= g/m3)
= total contaminant concentration in the characterized hazardous waste
(mg/L = g/m3)
= fraction of the influent waste that is hazardous (volume fraction).
G4.1.2 Constituent Mass Balance for Unconsolidated Sediment Compartment
Within the sediment compartment, contaminant loss occurs through hydrolysis and
biodegradation. Additionally, contaminant is transported across the liquid/sediment
G-14
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
compartment interface by solids settling and resuspension and by contaminant diffusion. There
is also infiltration flow from the liquid compartment (which includes entrained sediment) and
"filtered" leachate out the bottom of the compartment. The time-dependent constituent mass
balance for the unconsolidated sediment compartment is
Ctot,2) =
-w Bleach Jd,2 ^"tot,2 Bleach
fd,2 ^tot,2 Qi
(Vres + Vb) A fp,2 Ctot,2 ~ Vsed A fp,\ Ctot,l
(G-5)
v 4fi (f C - f C \
Vdiffl2 A vliq,2 W,2 ^tot,2 Jd,\ ^tot,\>
+ v A 6 (f C - f C }
diff23 Hq,3 "d,2 tot,2 J d,3 tot,3'
where
V2 = volume of unconsolidated sediment compartment (m3)
kbs = (anaerobic) biodegradation decay rate of contaminant (I/sec)
vb = solids burial velocity (m/sec)
Vdifi23 = mass transfer coefficient between unconsolidated sediment compartment (2)
and consolidated sediment compartment (3) (m/sec).
For the well-mixed-model solution, the left-hand side of Equation G-5 is set to zero.
G4.1.3 Constituent Mass Balance for Consolidated Sediment Compartment
Within the sediment compartment, contaminant loss occurs through hydrolysis and
biodegradation. Additionally, contaminant is transported across the liquid/sediment
compartment interface by solids settling and resuspension and by contaminant diffusion. There
is also "filtered" leachate flow from the unconsolidated sediment compartment and out the
bottom of the surface impoundment. The time-dependent constituent mass balance for the
consolidated sediment compartment follows:
tot3' = n f C - O f C + (k + k } V C
-i, Bleach Jd,3 tot,3 Bleach Jd,2 tot,2 ^ bs hyd' 3 tot,3 f/~* /-\
df y (G-6)
+ v A fl (f C - f r \
Vdiff23 A ulig,3 W,3 ^tot,3 Jd,2
where
V3 = volume of consolidated sediment compartment (m3).
For the well-mixed-model solution, the left-hand side of Equation G-6 is set to zero.
(M5
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.1.4 Time-Dependent Model Solution
The SI Module updates the physical and chemical properties of the contaminant on a
monthly basis based on temperature variations. Additionally, a water balance is applied based
on monthly rainfall and evaporation rate data and the calculated infiltration rate to estimate an
effective average working depth of the impoundment. Thus, for any given time interval for
which Equations G-l, G-3 and G-4 are applied, Vl5 V2, V3, and all other parameters are fixed
except the contaminant concentrations in the liquid and sediment compartment and the TSS
concentration in the liquid compartment ([TSS2] and [TSS3] are fixed for a given surface
impoundment). If an effective average TSS concentration in the liquid compartment can be
estimated (or if a time interval is selected so that one can be established), then Equations G-l,
G-5, and G-6 can be solved directly to calculate CUot, C2tot, and C3tot as a function of time.
For a given time periods where an effectively constant value for [TSSJ can be set,
Equations G-l, G-5, and G-6 can be written as
= - *n Ctot>l + K12 Ctot>2 (G-7)
~ K2\ Ctot,\ ~ K22 Ctot,2 + K21 Ctot,3, (G'8)
dCtot,3 = K C - K C
->. 32 Ltof,2 33 ^tot,3
where
n
Bleach /- ,TJ- . f\ \ rmnm J_ 1 I
"•Am "-60 KW Vserf "v/
K12 = VreS °vlfp,2 + Vdiffl2 Qliq,2 avl fd,2 (G-ll)
fr- -ecic r
K2l = —fT~ + Vsedav2fp,l + Vdiff,2
G-16
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
K22 =
y leach Jd,2
hyd
fd,2 (Vdiffl2 Qliq,2 + Vdi
V6> «v2 f
+ td,2 (-Vdiffl2 °liq,2 + Vdiff23 °liq,3) av2
p,2
(G-13)
K23 ~ Vdtff23 ®liq,3 ttv2 fd,3
(G-14)
and
Qleach fd
leach d,2
Vdiff23
av3 f
' d,2
(G-15)
where
hyd
a
v3
(G-16)
Oyj = surface area to volume ratio for liquid compartment, avx= A/VX (m"1)
\2 = surface area to volume ratio for unconsolidated sediment compartment (m"1).
a^ = surface area to volume ratio for consolidated sediment compartment (m"1).
The key to the solution is that Kn, K12, K21, K22, K23, K32, and K33 are constants for a given time
period, provided the time period is small enough so that the liquid compartment TSS
concentration remains relatively constant. Equations G-7 through G-8 can be solved
simultaneously using Laplace transforms. The time-dependent total contaminant concentrations
for the three compartments can be written as
r-t
(G-17)
(G-18)
(G-19)
G-17
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where rl5 r2, and r3 are the roots of the matrix:
s+ kn -kl2 0
IT- ri 1 IT- 17-
AV^i O \ *vr)'~) 9 "3
0 -k s +
(G-20)
The matrix results in a cubic equation of the form:
0= s3 + b s2 + c s + d
where
(G-21)
s = the Laplace transform variable
b — kn + k22 + k33
C — KnK22 knK33 ^22K33 " ^32^23 " ^21^12
Q — ^11^22^33 " ^11^32^23 " ^21^12^33
Assuming that there are three unequal real roots to Equation G-21, the roots can be found as
follows:
rt = +2 J-/?/3cos|>/3+120(/-l)]-6/3
(G-22)
where
p = (3c-b2)/3
, -i = cos J_ 3/2?
q = (27d - 9bc + 2b3)/27
There are three unequal real roots so long as (p/3)3 + (q/2)2 < 0.
The Xjj parameters are found by solving the following series of equations:
G-18
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Q,r=o -*12 °
C k v 4- k
3 t=Q 32 3"
(s-rjfs-rjfs-rj
5 + £n Cu=0 0
0 Q,r=0 5+^33
(5-r1)(5-r2)(5-r3)
*+*!! -*12 CU=0
- k <{+ k C
AC21 i -1- /C22 (-2,f=0
0 ~k32 C3i^0
-^11 , -^12 -^13 rG-23^1
~ / 1+/ 1+/ \
(s - rj (s - r2) (s - r3)
X2l + X22 + X23 (G-24}
(s- rj (s- r2) (s- r3)
X31 X32 X33 (G-25}
(s-r,)^ (s-r2)^ (s-r3)
These equations can be solved by multiplying both the right-hand side and left-hand side of these
equations by (s-r1)(s-r2)(s-r3), and then sequentially setting the Laplace transform variable to
s = TJ (to solve for X^); s = r2 (to solve for Xj2); and s = r3 (to solve for Xj3). Thus, the X^ terms
are
,^
(G-26)
_
12 ~
kn(r2
( v \
(r2 - rj)(r2 - r3)
(G-27)
(r, ~ r,}
(G-28)
2,t=o
ri ~ rs)
,
(G-29)
>r= 0
(G-30)
G-19
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
frll)^ + M C2,t=0 + k2l(r3 + *ll) C3,<=0
v - : -
- r2)(r3 - r2)
where
Cj t=0 = liquid compartment total concentration at start of time step (g/m3)
- r3)
^ ,
(G-32)
V2
(V — Y \( V — Y 1
'2 r\)\'2 'V
(^J-JJJ
£21=0 = unconsolidated sediment compartment total concentration at start of time step
(g/m3).
C3t=o = consolidated sediment compartment total concentration at start of time step
(g/m3).
The average concentration over an integration period for any compartment, i, is
1
ave,i
t.
step
r
l
(G-35)
where
tstep = time step for model calculation (sec).
The average volatilization or leachate flux rate can be calculated for a given time interval
as follows:
JVoi,ave = KOLfdl Cave>l (G-36)
G-20
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
•*leach,ave = * J d$ ^ave,3 (G-37)
where
Jvoi,ave = average contaminant volatilization flux rate (g/m2-sec)
Jieach,ave = average contaminant leachate flux rate (g/m2-sec)
I = infiltration rate for given time step = Qleach / A (m/sec).
G4.1.5 Well-Mixed Model Solution
The well-mixed model governing equations are similar to the time-dependent governing
equations, except steady-state operation is assumed. The simplified governing equations
analogous to Equations G-7 and G-8 of the time-dependent solution are
Ct0t,infl Qinfl = ~ ^11 Ctot,l + K12 Ctot,2 (G-38)
where
0 = K2l CtoU - K22 Ctot>2 + K23 Ctot^ (G-39)
(G-40)
vdiffl2 A
d,out
li kbm kba + khyd) V, + vsed A
12 res Jp,2 diff!2 liq,2 •>d,2 (\-^~^-^)
K2l = Qleach + Vsed A fp,l + Vdiffl2 A 9%,2 fd,l (G-43)
•^-22 = [Qleach + (Vdiff]2 ®liq,2 + Vdiff23 ®liq,3) A] Jd,2
G-44)
G-21
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
K23 = Vdtf23A Qliq,3fd,3 (G-45)
^32 = Bleach + Vdiff2BA 6%3)/rf,2 (G-46)
and
^33 = Pleach + Vdiff23A 9^3) fd,3 + (kbs + khyd)V3 (G-47)
These Kxy definitions are essentially the same as in the time-dependent solution, except that the
terms were not divided by the compartment volumes. Because the Kxy values are constants for a
given month's solution, Equations G-38 through G-40 are simply three algebraic equations with
three unknowns. Using a matrix solution, the steady-state total contaminant concentrations for
the three compartments can be written as
c = Qinfl Cinfl (K22 K33 ~ K32 K23>
tot,\ v (v v v v \ v v v (Cj-4o)
All (K22 A33 ~ A32 A23' ~ A21 A12 A33
_ _ Qinfl
tot,z
(v v v v \ v v v
(K22 A33 ~ A32 A23^ ~ A21 A12 A33
c
_ _
tot,3 JT- fTf j^- V V \ V V V
All ^A22 A33 A32 A23^ A21 A12 A33
The volatilization or leachate flux rate can be calculated for any given month as follows:
Jvoi = Koifd,i
ef C
. _ leach Jd,3 tot,3 fr^ cox
Jleach ~ (G-52)
G-22
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where
Jvol = contaminant volatilization flux rate (g/m2-sec)
Jieach = contaminant leachate flux rate (g/m2-sec).
G4.1.6 Calculation of the Time-Dependent TSS Concentration in the Liquid
Compartment
The solids mass balance for the liquid compartment is
li (G-53)
dt
where
rBoo = normalized biodegradation rate of BOD5 (g-BOD/g-biomass/sec)
A = biomass yield (g-biomass (dry basis)/g-BOD consumed).
The normalized BOD5 biodegradation rate is estimated using a Monod equation as
follows:
CBOD
where
CBODinfl = BOD 5 concentration in the influent to within the surface impoundment (g/cm3
or Mg/m3)
CBOD,I = BOD5 concentration in the liquid compartment (g/cm3 or Mg/m3)
Kbmax = maximum BOD5 biodegradation rate (g-BOD/g-biomass/sec or Mg/Mg/sec)
= 6.94xlO"6 x Tcorr (the value of 6.94 x 10"6 comes from the maximum rate
of 0.6 g-BOD/g-biomass/hr + 86,400 sec/hr)
Kb2 = half-saturation constant = 0.00005 (g/cm3 or Mg/m3)
Tcorr = temperature correction factor for the biodegradation rate constants (see
Section G4.5.5)
G-23
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The maximum BOD5 degradation rate constant is estimated based on typical design
values for F/M (food-to-biomass ratio) for activated sludge systems. Eckenfelder et al. (circa
1984) reported design values for F/M for activated sludge systems ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 g
BOD/g MLVSS-d), but F/M ratios of 0.2 to 1.2 g BOD/g MLVSS-d have been observed in
practice (Hermann and Jeris, 1992). From these data, a value of 0.6 g BOD/g MLVSS-d was
selected to estimate the BOD removal capacity of the unit.
Half-saturation rate constants reported in the literature for various degradable compounds
range from 1 to 300 mg/L. Tabak et al. (1989) reported rate constants for a number of
chemicals. The half-saturation rate constants ranged from 11 to 88 mg/L for selected benzene
compounds; from 6 to 44 mg/L for selected phenolic compounds; from 11 to 42 for selected ester
compounds; and from 10 to 27 for selected ketone compounds. Gaudy and Kincannon (1977)
reported a half-saturation constant of 105 mg/L from bench-scale pilot plant treatability studies.
Goldsmith and Balderson (1989) reported a half-saturation constant of 81 mg/L (as COD) for
model diesel fuel degradation. Rozich et al. (1985) reported measured half-saturation constants
for phenol ranging from 1.3 to 266 mg/L with a mean value of 75 mg/L. From these data, a
value of 50 mg/L (0.00005 g/cm3) was selected as a typical value for the half-saturation constant
(Kb2).
The unconsolidated sediment compartment TSS concentration is fixed for a given unit.
Furthermore, rBOD is assumed to be constant (either because zero order kinetic region applies or a
small enough time interval is selected that the BOD5 concentration cannot change significantly).
Based on these assumptions, Equation G-53 can be written as follows:
- d[TSS],
= aa [TS^ + bb (G-55)
dt
where
aa = r
BOD
kba - - - vsed avl (G-56)
= vres avl [TSS2] (G-57)
G-24
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The time-dependent TSS concentration in the liquid compartment can be written as
£8 + k9 eaaxt (G-58)
where
bb
(G-59)
aa
bb + aa \TSS,]f „
= - L - iJ^O
aa
Thus, the average TSS concentration for a given time step is
eaa
step
where
[TSS]ave = average concentration of TSS in liquid compartment over a given time
step (g/cm3 = Mg/m3).
The number of time steps used over the integration period in the overall time-dependent
solution is dependent on how quickly the TSS and BOD5 concentrations vary. An initial time
step is selected based on the initial concentrations of TSS and BOD5. This initial time step is
selected so that BOD5 concentrations are effectively constant. Then, the TSS concentration is
calculated at the end of the initially selected time step is compared to the starting TSS
concentration. If the TSS concentration over the time step changes by more than a factor of 5,
the number of time steps is increased until the starting and ending TSS concentrations differ by
less than a factor of 5. In this manner, an effective average TSS concentration can be determined
for a given time step and used in the constituent mass balance solution equations.
G4.1.7 Calculation of the Effective TSS Concentration in the Well-Mixed Liquid
Compartment
The TSS mass removal efficiency of the unit is predicted by the module based on the
influent TSS concentration, the size and density of the influent TSS particles, and the "upflow"
velocity in the liquid compartment (the module estimation methodology is described in
Section G4.4). This TSS removal efficiency is considered to apply to both the influent TSS and
the TSS generated within the unit through the decomposition of organic constituents so that the
TSS mass removal efficiency can be written as follows:
G-25
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Qo
TSS
Qin
infl
BOD
(G-62)
where
-TSS
BOD
[TSS]infl
[TSS]out
total suspended solids mass removal efficiency in surface impoundment
(unitless)
biomass yield (g-biomass (dry basis)/g-BOD)
biological oxygen demand removal efficiency of surface impoundment
(unitless)
biological oxygen demand of influent (Mg/m3)
concentration of total suspended solids in the influent (g/cm3 = Mg/m3).
concentration of total suspended solids in the effluent (g/cm3 = Mg/m3).
Equation G-48 can be written to solve for the effluent TSS as follows:
\TSS\o
([TSS]
infl
eBOD CBOD-nfl)
(G-63)
To account for anticipated gradients of TSS concentration with surface impoundment length and
depth, the effective TSS concentration within the surface impoundment is estimated to be the
log-mean average between the influent and effluent TSS concentrations (based on first-order
sedimentation). Given the influent and effluent TSS concentrations, the effective (mean) TSS
concentration in the liquid compartment is
= exp
(ln[TSS\infl)
(G-64)
However, the BOD5 removal efficiency is dependent on the effective TSS concentration.
Consequently, the effective TSS concentration is calculated using an iterative process of
calculations between estimating the BOD5 removal efficiency and the effective TSS
concentration. Because the BOD5 degradation rate is used primarily to determine the
bioproduction rate of TSS within the impoundment, decreases in BOD5 concentrations due to
dilution with precipitation are neglected. Thus, for the purposes of the BOD5 mass balance, the
influent flow rate is assumed to be equal to the effluent flow rate plus the leachate flow rate. The
same biodegradation rate model used for the time-dependent solution is used for overall BOD5
removal rate. Consequently, the steady-state BOD5 mass balance can be written as follows:
Qi
kha [TSS], V,
infl
(G-65)
G-26
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Equation G-51 yields a quadratic equation whose solution is
- - (r, ,-,-x
r (G-66)
BOD
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where
OL
K
K0L,t
A,
faer
K
OL,q
overall mass transfer coefficient for the surface impoundment (m/s)
overall mass transfer coefficient for turbulent surface areas (m/s)
turbulent surface area = faer A (m2)
fraction of total surface area affected by aeration
overall mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas (m/s)
quiescent surface area = (l-faer) A, m2 (Note: A, + Aq must equal A).
The overall mass transfer coefficient for turbulent surface areas based on the two-resistance
module is
(G-69)
where
H'
H
R
liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient for turbulent surface areas (m/s)
dimensionless Henry's law constant = H/RTH
Henry's law constant (atm-m3/mol)
ideal gas law constant = 0.00008205 (atm-m3/mol-K)
temperature at which Henry's law constant was evaluated = 298 K
gas-phase mass transfer coefficient for turbulent surface areas (m/s).
Similarly, the overall mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas is
^OL,q
H' k
-1
(G-70)
where
kljq = liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas (m/s)
kg q = gas-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas (m/s).
The mass transfer correlations used in this module to estimate the individual mass
transfer coefficients are the same as those used in the WATERS and CHEMDAT8 emission
modules developed by EPA. The documentation of these mass transfer correlations can be
accessed from EPA's Internet site (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software.html; select "WaterS
and ChemdatS"). Only the basic equations are provided here. For a more detailed discussion of
these mass transfer correlations, the reader is referred to Chapter 5 of the CHEMDATS Module
documentation (U.S. EPA, 1994).
G-28
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.2.1 Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient for Turbulent Surfaces
The liquid-phase turbulent surface mass transfer coefficient is calculated as follows:
8.22xl(T3 x j x p x 1.024(r-20) x
MW
10.76 x At x p,
0.5
D \°-
UV
D02,l)
(G-71)
where
J = oxygen transfer factor (Ib/h/hp)
Ptot = total power to the impellers (hp)
T = liquid temperature in surface impoundment (°C)
Ocf = oxygen correction factor
MW! = molecular weight of liquid (water) (g/mol)
P! = density of liquid (water) (g/cm3 = Mg/m3)
D;1 = diffusivity in liquid (water) (cm2/s)
D02,i = diffusivity of oxygen in liquid (water) (cm2/s).
G4.2.2 Gas-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient for Turbulent Surfaces
The gas-phase turbulent surface mass transfer coefficient is calculated as follows:
= 1.35xlO-?x
0.5
Fr - 0.21 xn x MW.XfiCl
ia
a "imp
(G-72)
where
P
gc,2
Naer =
W =
Fr§
MWa =
dimp
gas-phase Reynolds number = (dimp2 w pg)/M.g
density of gas (air) (g/cm3)
viscosity of gas (air) (g/cm-s)
power number = 0.85 (550 Ptot/Naer) gc,2 / [(62.428Pl )w3 (dimp/30.48)5 ]
gravitational constant = 32.17 Ibm-ft/s2-lbf= 0.03283 gc
number of aerators
rotational speed (rad/s)
gas-phase Schmidt number = M.g/(pg D; a)
Froud number = [w2 (dimp/30.48) ]/ gc2'
diffusivity of constituent in air (cm2/s)
molecular weight of air (g/mol)
impeller diameter (cm)
gravitational constant = 980 cm/s2.
G-29
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.2.3 Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient for Quiescent Surfaces
The appropriate correlation to use to estimate the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient is
dependent on the windspeed and the fetch-to-depth ratio of the impoundment. The fetch is the
linear distance across the surface impoundment, and it is calculated from the surface
impoundment's surface area assuming a circular shape for the surface impoundment. That is,
(G-73)
TT;
where
F = fetch of the surface impoundment (m)
For windspeeds less than 3.25 m/s, the following correlation is used regardless of the
fetch-to-depth ratio (F/dliq):
ki,q = 2-78 x 10"6|^-|3 (G-74)
where
Aether j
kljq = liquid-phase quiescent surface mass transfer coefficient (m/s)
D; a = diffusivity of constituent in liquid (water) (cm2/s)
Dether = diffusivity of ether in water =8.5 x 10"6 cm2/s.
For windspeeds greater than or equal to 3.25 m/s, the appropriate correlation is dependent
on the fetch-to-depth ratio as follows:
For -f < 14 kl>q = 1.0 x 10^ + (a x 10-4) (cr)* SCI-M ^^^
%
where
a = equation constant, a = 34.1 for U* > 0.3 m/s; a = 144 for U* < 0.3 m/s
U* = friction velocity, m/s = 0.01U (6.1 + 0.63U)0'5
b = equation constant, b = 1 for U* > 0.3 m/s; b = 2.2 for U* < 0.3 m/s
Scliq = liquid-phase Schmidt number = ^/(p, Du)
[i{ = viscosity of water (g/cm-s)
P! = density of water (g/cm3)
G-30
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
For 14 < — < 51.2,
2.605 x IQ-9 I — I + 1.277 x 10'7
U2
Aether)
D —
—^- P (G-77)
G4.2.4 Gas-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient for Quiescent Surfaces
The gas-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas is estimated as
follows:
k = (4.82 x 1(T3) U°™ Sc'0'61 F-°-n (G-78)
&ri o
G4.2.5 Estimating the Effective Diffusion Velocity
The effective diffusion velocity between the liquid and the unconsolidated sediment
compartments is estimated based on the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent
surfaces as calculated in Section G4.2.3 and the porosity of the sediment compartment using the
following two-resistance model:
VW =
where
k[ q = liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface areas as calculated
in Section G4.2.3 (m/s)
keff,2 = effective liquid mass transfer coefficient in sediment compartment (m/s).
To determine the effective liquid mass transfer coefficient in the sediment compartment,
the effective liquid diffusion rate is first calculated from the porosity of the sediment layer using
a Millington-Quirk (Millington and Quirk, 1961) tortuosity module as follows:
4.
r\ Q 3
G-31
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where
9iiq,2 = volumetric porosity (assumed to be liquid filled) of sediment compartment:
1 - [1SSJ2 / PTSS-
l-[TSS]2/
Because the liquid-phase quiescent mass transfer coefficient is primarily a function of the
liquid diffusivity raised to the two-thirds power, the effective liquid mass transfer coefficient for
the sediment layer is estimated from the liquid compartment as follows:
Substituting Equation G-81 into Equation G-79 and simplifying yields
, fi 0.89
% %,2
0.89
The effective diffusion velocity between the unconsolidated and consolidated sediment
compartments, vAS23, is estimated in the same manner to yield the following equation:
v,;.
diff23
0.89
0.89 Q 0.89
(G-83)
k[ q = liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient for quiescent surface (m/s)
9iiq,2 = volumetric liquid content of unconsolidated sediment compartment (m3/m3)
9iiq,3 = volumetric liquid content of consolidated sediment compartment (m3/m3).
G4.3 Estimation of Leachate and Effluent Flow Rates
G4.3.1 General Infiltration Rate Module Construct
For surface impoundments, the leachate flow rate is estimated from liquid depth and from
the hydraulic conductivities and thicknesses of the sediment compartment, the clogged native
soil layer, and the underlying soil layer. The procedure used to determine the leaching rate
follows the method outlined in the EPA Composite Module for Leachate Migration with
Transformation Products (EPACMTP) background document (U.S. EPA, 1996). There are two
important differences: (1) the liquid depth is known, and (2) there is a sediment layer between
the liquid and the liner. Figure G-2 presents a schematic of the leaching module construct.
G-32
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Influent
Effluent
Liquid Compartment
depth = dj
Unconsolidated Sediment Compartment
Consolidated Sediment Compartment - Sublayer 1
ds,i = dfc, KM
Clogged Soil (or Liner) - Sublayer 2
x|/4 Clogged Soil (or Liner) - Sublayer 3 ds 3, Ks 3, k^
x|/5 Clogged Soil (or Liner) - Sublayer 4 ds 4, Ks 4, k^
x|/6 Clogged Soil (or Liner) - Sublayer 5 ds 5, Ks 5, k,^ 5
x|/7 Clogged Soil (or Liner) - Sublayer 6 ds 6, Ks 6, k,^ 6
Natural Soil - Sublayer 7
Natural Soil - Sublayer 8
= 0
Natural Soil - Sublayer N
Groundwater
Figure G-2. Schematic of general module construct for leaching
from surface impoundments.
G-33
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The unconsolidated sediment layer is treated as free liquid so that the pressure head on
the consolidated sediment layer is known (Yj = dt + Ds). The general solution algorithm is to
guess the infiltration rate, calculate the pressure profile in the underlying soil, and compare the
calculated pressure head at the groundwater surface with the boundary condition (i.e., ¥N+1 = 0).
Successive estimates of the infiltration rate are made until the boundary conditions are met.
According to Darcy's law, the leaching (infiltration) rate for a given soil sublayer is
(G-84)
where
Ks,n = hydraulic conductivity of the nth soil sublayer (m/d)
k^n = relative permeability of the nth soil sublayer (dimensionless)
¥n = pressure head at top of the nth soil sublayer (m)
^n+i = pressure head at base of the nth soil sublayer (m).
The relative permeability is a function of the effective saturation and can be expressed by
soil class parameters as follows (U.S. EPA, 1996):
0 k^n = 1 (G-85)
(G-86)
where
ocn = first soil retention module parameter for nth soil sublayer (1/m)
Pn = second soil retention module parameter for nth soil sublayer (dimensionless)
yn = third soil retention module parameter for nth soil sublayer = 1 - l/pn.
The SI Module employs a weighting factor for determining the average or "effective"
pressure head, x|/effn, for the soil layer based on the pressure head at both the top and bottom of
the soil layer, but recommends using the effective pressure head for a soil layer as the pressure
head at the top of that soil layer (termed an "upstream-weighted approximation"). The sediment
layer is assumed to be saturated so that no discretization is needed for the sediment layer. The
liner or clogged soil layer and each subsequent soil layer is divided into five sublayers. For a
given soil layer, the top sublayer is one-half the total depth of that layer, the second layer is one-
quarter the total depth, the third layer is one-eighth the total depth, and the fourth and fifth layers
are one-sixteenth the total depth. The diagram shows the nomenclature for the discrete
sublayers, but not the relative depths.
G-34
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.3.2 Effective Hydraulic Conductivity of Consolidated Filter Cake (HydroGeoLogic,
1999)
As sediment accumulates at the base of the impoundment, the weight of the liquid and
upper sediments tends to compress (or consolidate) the lower sediments. This consolidated
sediment acts as a filter cake, and its hydraulic conductivity may be much lower than the
nonconsolidated sediment. Shown in Figure G-3 is a snapshot of a compartmentalized surface
impoundment with stratified sediment. It is assumed that the system has attained a pseudo-
steady-state condition and all sediment layer thicknesses are near stationary and approximately
constant. The initial depth of the sediment layer for the surface impoundment is set at 20 cm to
account for sediment and compaction created during the excavation of the impoundment.
Initially, the effective stress in the sediment is assumed to be nonexistent. The final
stress in the consolidated sediment after the deformation and dissipation of fluid pressure is
given by
ov/= (H-Ds-Dfc)pwg+ (l-Q)psgDs + QpwgDs
+ (1-0) psgz + Qpwgz- [(H- Dfc)pwg- JL. (H- Dfc)p^] (G-87)
Dfc
where
o^ = vertical effective stress in the z direction (Mg/m-s2)
H = total depth of a given surface impoundment (height from bottom) (m)
Ds = thickness of unconsolidated sediment (m)
Dfc = thickness of filter cake or consolidated sediment (height from bottom) (m)
pw = water density (Mg/m3)
g = gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
ps = sediment grain density (Mg/m3)
6 = porosity, volume fraction
z = vertically downward distance from the top of the consolidated sediment (m).
G-3 5
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Top of Liquid Compartment
\
Topographical Level
Liquid Compartment
Loose Sediment
Compacted Sediment (Filter Cake),,
Jclog
H
/Clogged Native Material
Native Material
Water Table
Groundwater
BrahicsAEPA\d8finition_sketch.cdr
Figure G-3. Filter cake and clogged native material components to the surface
impoundment infiltration rate module. Shown in the figure are, in descending
order: the liquid compartment, the sediment compartment (with loose and
compacted sediments), and the vadose zone (with clogged and unaffected native
materials).
The following limits are imposed on the filter cake thickness:
DfcMn * Dfc =
Dfc)
(G-88)
where
= minimum permissible thickness of filter cake, m = 0.1 m
= fraction of total sediment depth that is consolidated = 0.5.
G-3 6
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The compressibility of the consolidated sediment is determined from
0.435CC
where
Cc = compression index = 1.02
and
Ae = -avAov/ (G-90)
where
e = void ratio
The change in void ratio can be determined by
e1 = e0+ke (G-91)
where
e0 = initial void ratio (based on initial hydraulic conductivity at no stress condition)
= 2.0
or
e' = e0-flvAov/ (G-92)
According to a number of laboratory observations (see Lambe and Whitman, 1969), hydraulic
conductivity, K, of the sediment can be expressed as a function of void ratio as follows:
log(e) = \og(A)+b \og(K) (G-93)
or
-}b = K (G-94)
A
G-37
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where A and b are constants and
A = 1,120
b = 0.337.
Using Equations G-87, G-89, G-92, and G-94 gives
K(e') = [(e0-av((H-Ds-Dfc)pwg+(l-Q)psgDs+QpwgDs
+ (1- Q)psgz+ Qpwgz- [(H-Dfc)pwg- -(H-Dfc
or simply
i
K(e') = (C, + C,z)*
where
Cl3 C2 = constants.
The effective hydraulic conductivity of the consolidated sediment is
Integrating Equation G-97 obtains
(G-97)
(G.98)
G4.3.3 Effective Hydraulic Conductivity of Clogged Native Material (HydroGeoLogic,
1999)
The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity of the clogged zone are commonly lower
than those of the pristine native material, or
Kclogged = CfacFsat (G-99)
where
Cfact = clogging factor = 0.1
Ksat = saturated hydraulic conductivity of the native vadose zone material (m/d).
G-38
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The following conditions are imposed on the hydraulic conductivity of the clogged native
material:
Kfc * KClogged * Ksat (G-100)
Penetration depth of up to about 0.45 m has been observed; the depth of the clogged layer
is assumed to be fixed at 0.5 m.
G4.3.4 Estimating Leachate Flow Rate
The following equations and nomenclature are based on sublayers as illustrated in
Figure G-2 using the up stream-weighted approximation (specifically, i|jeffn = i|jn).
The unconsolidated sediment layer is assumed to be loose (fluid) so that the effective
pressure head for the consolidated sediment layer is simply the liquid depth (dx) plus the depth of
the unconsolidated sediment (Ds). It is assumed that the system is at steady state. Therefore, a
water balance dictates that the infiltration rate is the same for all sublayers. Assuming the
pressure head at the groundwater interface is zero, the general solution for the infiltration rate
becomes, from Equation G-84,
(d, + D + V d ^
I = ——
s,n
where
I = saturated infiltration rate (m/d)
K5 2 = saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sediment layer (m/d)
dsn = thickness of the nth soil (or liner) sublayer (m).
The relative permeabilities (k^) of the clogged native material and native soil sublayers
are a function of whether the previous sublayer is saturated (i.e., i|jn > 0). There are two potential
initial assumptions that can be made to provide an initial guess for the leaching rate. For the first
initial approximation, the clogged native material is assumed to be the primary flow restriction
(at small sediment depths), and the pressure head at the base of Sublayer 3 is assumed to be zero
(i.e., i|/4 = 0). Equation G-101 then reduces to
gl
*
(G.102)
To solve Equation G-102, one first needs an estimate of i|/3 to subsequently calculate k^
using Equation G-86. By setting the infiltration rate for the sediment and the first two sublayers
G-39
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
equal to each other (steady-state water balance), the pressure head at the top of the second
sublayer corresponding to the assumptions for Equation G-102 is
4,2) - «y S>1
,2
'
(G-103)
Equation G-103 is solved for i)^ by first assuming k^ is equal to 1. Then k^ is
calculated using Equation G-85 or G-86, as appropriate, and Equation G-103 is resolved for i^.
Using a limited number of successive iterations on i^, a value of k^ i§ estimated for use in
Equation G-102.
For the second potential initial approximation, it is assumed that all of the soil layers are
saturated. The infiltration rate estimate is then calculated as follows:
(G-104)
s,n
K.
s,ni
The infiltration rate is then set equal to the smallest of the initial approximations as
/< = min(/g/, Ig2) (G-105)
Given the infiltration rate, Equation G-84 can be rearranged to solve for the base pressure
head of any soil (or the liner) sublayer as follows:
s,n
- 1
(G-106)
•,n rw,n
The solution algorithm starts at the consolidated sediment layer, where i)^ = dj + Ds. The
relative permeability, k^,^, is based on i|jn (upstream weighted relative permeability calculation)
and is calculated using Equation G-85 or G-86, as appropriate. Equation G-106 is then used to
calculate successively values for i|;2 through i|/N+1. The final value of I|JN+I is then compared to the
boundary condition at the groundwater interface of I|JN+I = 0. Based on that result, a new
estimate of the infiltration rate is made (I1), and Equation G-106 is again solved to calculate the
pressure profile in the underlying soil. This process is repeated until the boundary condition at
the groundwater interface is met within a 0.001 m tolerance.
For certain surface impoundment input operating conditions, very small changes in the
infiltration rate caused large changes in the calculated pressure head at the groundwater
interface. As such, convergence on the groundwater interface boundary condition was difficult.
G-40
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Therefore, when incremental estimates of the infiltration rate were different by less than 0.01
percent, convergence on the infiltration rate was considered to be completed. Under this
circumstance, the final pressure profile was recalculated using this infiltration rate and an
upstream calculational algorithm for the pressure profile. That is, the pressure at the
groundwater interface was set equal to zero (x|/N+1 = 0). The value for I|JN was then estimated and
Equation G-106 was solved for I|JN+I. Iterative estimates of I|JN were made until the value of I|JN+I
calculated from Equation G-106 matched the boundary condition ((x|/N+1 = 0). Successive
estimates of the upstream pressure head were made using the following chord-slope convergence
algorithm
C1 = 14 + (14 - HO
(G-107)
where
• n+1
- n+1
iteration number
ith estimate of the pressure head at top of the nth soil sublayer (m)
known pressure head at bottom of the nth soil sublayer (m)
pressure head at bottom of the nth soil sublayer calculated from Equation G-
106 for the ith iteration of ¥n (m).
Convergence is assumed when ¥n+1 - ¥n+1' is within a 0.001 m tolerance. At this point, I|JN is
"known" and the solution proceeds to the next higher soil sublayer (1)%!) and so on until the
entire pressure profile is calculated up to all of the i)^. At this point, ijjj is compared to dx + Ds to
confirm pressure profile (and infiltration rate) convergence.
The volumetric leachate flow rate is then calculated from the infiltration rate as follows:
i3/, / x A
QleacH 0»3/*) =
24 x 3600
(G-108)
G4.3.5 Limitations on Maximum Infiltration Rate
If the infiltration rate calculated using the equations in Section G4.3.4 exceeds the rate at
which the saturated zone can transport the groundwater, the groundwater level will rise into the
unsaturated zone, and the assumption of zero pressure head at the base of the unsaturated zone is
violated. This groundwater "mounding" will reduce the effective infiltration rate. The
maximum infiltration rate is estimated as the one that does not cause the groundwater mound to
rise to the bottom elevation of the surface impoundment unit. The maximum allowable
infiltration rate may be approximated by (HydroGeoLogic, 1999):
G-41
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
aqsai aqsar- vadose '
In—
(G-109)
where
Iiviax = infiltration rate (m/d)
Kaqsat = hydraulic conductivity of the saturated zone (m/d)
Daqsat = depth of the saturated zone (m)
DVadose = vadose zone thickness (m)
RO = equivalent source radius (m)
IL = length between the center of the source and the downgradient boundary
where the boundary location has no perceptible effects on the heads near the
source (m).
The equivalent source radius may be calculated from (HydroGeoLogic, 1999):
R - f^
Ko ~ \ —
\ "ft
(G-110)
where
A = source area (m2).
If Equation G-109 is used to limit the infiltration (leachate flow) rate, the program will
output a warning message stating that the infiltration rate is being capped to prevent groundwater
mounding.
G4.3.6 Estimating Liquid Depth and Effluent Flow Rate
A volumetric water balance on the surface impoundment can be arranged to calculate the
effluent flow rate as follows:
o - o - o p - p
j _ j *^infl *£out *£ leach rain evap
a\,end ~ "1,0
2,628,000 A
30.42
(G-lll)
G-42
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
where
di,end = depth of the liquid compartment at the end of the month (m)
d10 = depth of the liquid compartment at the start of the month (m)
Prain = monthly precipitation rate (m/d)
Pevap = monthly evaporation rate (m/d).
The liquid depth at the end of the month is initially assumed to be equal to the starting
liquid depth. The infiltration rate is calculated at this liquid depth. The ending liquid depth is
then estimated assuming that the effluent flow rate is zero for the time dependent solution or 1
percent of the influent flow rate for the well-mixed, steady-state solution. If the ending liquid
depth exceeds the available liquid compartment depth in the surface impoundment (given the
current sediment depth), then the ending liquid depth is capped at this available liquid
compartment depth. Conversely, the ending liquid depth is not allowed to fall below 0.01 m.
Thus, the limits on the ending liquid depth are as follows:
Ds ~ Dfc (G-112)
0.01 (G-113)
If the ending liquid depth calculated differs more than 2 cm (0.02 m) from the initial estimate,
then an average liquid depth is calculated [(dlj0 + dljend)/2] for the month, and the infiltration rate
is calculated for this new liquid depth. Once convergence is achieved on the ending liquid depth
(and average monthly depth), the effluent flow rate is calculated using Equation 110 rearranged
to solve for Qout. Using this algorithm, the effluent flow rate from a well-mixed surface
impoundment always exists and is set at a minimum of 1 percent of the influent flow rate. The
time dependent solution does not require that there be an effluent flow rate. If Equation 113 is
triggered, a warning message is output stating that the evaporation rate was capped to prevent the
impoundment from drying out.
G4.4 Sediment Deposition, Resuspension, and Burial
The sediment movement between the liquid and sediment compartment is expected to
vary primarily with the dimensions and flow characteristics of the surface impoundment and
with the relative surface area affected by turbulent mixing. The general approach used to
estimate the various sediment transport rates is based on the theoretical TSS mass removal
efficiency given a vertical flow ("upflow") velocity. The resuspension velocity is determined by
the sediment transport created by the upflow velocity and the sedimentation velocity is adjusted
to achieve the calculated TSS mass removal efficiency.
G-43
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.4.1 Estimating Design Sediment Removal Efficiency
The surface impoundment quiescent surface area and flow rate are used to calculate the
upflow velocity of the impoundment as follows:
vupflow = -JT (G-114)
where
vuPfiow = upflow velocity (m/s).
The upflow velocity is assumed to act on the liquid compartment and effect an upward flux of
particles. The sediment removal efficiency of the surface impoundment is estimated from
surface impoundment characteristics (flow rate and surface area, i.e., the upflow velocity) and
the particle size distribution characteristics (mean particle size and relative standard deviation)
by considering the terminal settling velocity of the particles. If a particle has a terminal settling
velocity greater than the upflow velocity, it is assumed to settle within the surface impoundment.
If a particle has a terminal velocity less than this upflow velocity, it is assumed to be entrained in
the effluent.
The suspended solids are assumed to be spherical for calculating the terminal velocity (or
critical particle diameter) and the mass to volume ratio of the particles. The terminal velocity of
the suspended solids is dependent on the friction factor (or drag coefficient) and the particle
Reynolds number. For a sphere falling at terminal velocity, the friction factor is
,
f= 3
4 gc dpart ( Ppart' Pi
~ ~
v ^
part
where
f = friction factor for sphere at terminal velocity
dpart = mean diameter of suspended particles (cm)
vpart = particle velocity (cm/s)
P! = density of water (g/cm3).
There are three possible correlations that may be used to describe the correlation between
the friction factor and the Reynolds number depending on the value of the Reynolds number
(Bird et al., 1960, Figure 6.3-1, p. 192). The three possible correlations between the friction
factor and the Reynolds number are
G-44
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
For Rep < 0.1
For 0.1 < Rep < 500
For Rep > 500
/ =
24
24
Re
0.6
/= 0.44
(G-116a)
(G-116b)
(G-116c)
where
Rep = Reynolds number for particle = dpart vpart P! / (j,,
[i\ = viscosity of water (g/cm-s).
By substituting in the expressions for both the friction factor and the Reynolds number into
Equations G-l 16(a-c), these equations can be solved in terms of the particle diameter associated
with a given terminal velocity as follows:
\ 0.5
Assuming Re < 0.1
Assuming 0.1 < Re < 500
Assuming Re > 500
part
(Ppart- P,)
part
1.4
0.6 0.4
10 c .
18.5 ji, p,
4 Z
<5C
3 2 0.44 P/
1.6
(G-117a)
(G-117b)
(G-117c)
The evaluation of the critical particle diameter is determined by an iterative calculation
assuming vpart = vupflow. First, Equation G-l 17a is used to estimate dpart, and then the resulting dpart
is used to calculate the Reynolds number to see if the assumption for the Reynolds number was
correct. If the Reynolds number value fits the assumed range, the calculation is complete. If not,
Equation G-l 17b is employed to estimate dpart. Again the assumption for the Reynolds number is
checked. If the Reynolds number falls within the assumed range, the calculation is complete;
otherwise, Equation G-l 17c is used to estimate dpart.
Once dpart is estimated, the mass sediment removal efficiency of the surface impoundment
is calculated by the particle size distribution (assumed to be lognormally distributed) and the
mass of particles of a given diameter (based on spherical particles). The lognormal distribution
density function is
G-45
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
-. 18)
doart o W* I 202
port
where
= distribution density function for sediment particles
= standard deviation of ln(dpart)
= geometric mean particle diameter = exp[mean of ln(dpart] (cm).
A weighting factor is then calculated based on the mass of a particle of a given diameter as
follows:
WtFactorpart = - dpart (G-119)
The "design" mass solids removal efficiency is then calculated as follows:
(G-120)
where
eTss,0 = design mass solids removal efficiency of surface impoundment (mass fraction).
Because of the solution algorithm selected, the equations become unsteady as eTSSo
approaches 1 . To prevent taking the logarithm of zero, the design mass solids removal efficiency
is capped at 99.9 percent. That is, if eTSSo >0.999 from Equation G-120, eTSSo is set equal to
0.999.
G4.4.2 Estimating Resuspension, Sedimentation, and Burial Velocities for Time-
Dependent Model Solution
The time-dependent model uses the design removal efficiency to set a target effluent
concentration. The sedimentation velocity is calculated as the terminal velocity for the mean
particle size diameter using Equations G-l 17(a-c) re-arranged to solve for vpart. The
resuspension velocity is set so that the total mass of sediment resuspended will equal the mass
settling when the average TSS concentration in the liquid compartment equals the target effluent
concentration. The burial rate is then calculated for each individual time step based on the
difference in the sedimentation and resuspension rates at the average liquid compartment TSS
concentration for that time step. The necessary equations follow:
G-46
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
\-TSS\t
VreS = VSed r (G-122)
Q
leach
v- " "
where
vPart.mean = particle settling velocity of a mean-diameter particle (cm/s)
[TSS]target = target effluent TSS concentration =[TSS]infl(l-eTSSo) (g/cm3 = Mg/m3)
[TSS]ave = average TSS concentration in the liquid compartment for a given time
interval (from Equation G-61) (g/cm3 = Mg/m3).
As constructed, the time-dependent solution assumes the mass rate of sediment
resuspension will equal the mass rate of sediment settling at the target or design effluent TSS
concentration. The rate at which the target TSS concentration is reached is dependent on the
particle characteristics, as well as the growth rate of biomass (i.e., the BOD5 consumption rate).
The actual effluent TSS concentration predicted by the model may not reach the target TSS
concentration at very low hydraulic residence times or where significant quantity of sludge is
produced. As sediment accumulates in the surface impoundment, the corresponding change in
the hydraulic residence time may also affect the predicted effluent TSS concentration.
G.4.4.3 Estimating Resuspension, Sedimentation, and Burial Velocities for Well-Mixed
Model Solution
In the well-mixed model, mass balance consideration of the sediment requires that the
suspended solids burial (or accumulation) rate be determined from the predicted sediment
removal efficiency. As constructed, the design sediment removal efficiency is independent of
surface impoundment depth, and therefore does not change as sediment accumulates in the
surface impoundment. This will generally be true for large depths, but for shallower depths, the
increased lateral flow rates tend to cause "short-circuiting" flow patterns, which decrease the
sediment removal efficiency of the surface impoundment. In attempts to take this phenomenon
into account, it is assumed that the sediment removal efficiency remains constant at the design
efficiency (i.e., eTSS = eTSSo) at liquid depths of 1.2 meters (4 feet) or more based on design
considerations of settling chambers. As the liquid depth becomes less than 1.2 meters, it is
assumed that the sediment removal efficiency will decrease as a function of the liquid retention
time. A first-order sedimentation rate constant is estimated based on the "design" sediment
G-47
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
removal rate and the surface impoundment retention time at a liquid depth of 1 .2 meters. This
first-order sedimentation rate constant is calculated as
k = ~ In (1 - eTSSJ
sed
(1.2 w) A (G-124)
Qinfl
where
ksed = apparent first-order sedimentation rate at a liquid depth of 1.2 meters (1/s).
For liquid depths less than 1.2 meters, the removal efficiency is estimated using this first-
order sedimentation rate constant and the hydraulic retention time as
(G-125)
where
exss = predicted mass sediment removal efficiency of surface impoundment as sediment
accumulates (mass fraction).
The predicted mass sediment removal efficiency is assumed to apply equally to influent
sediment and sediment generated within the surface impoundment. The net rate of sediment
transfer or burial from the liquid compartment to the sediment compartment can be calculated
based on a mass balance of sediment in the liquid compartment, which can be rearranged to
calculate the burial velocity (defined in terms of the sediment concentration in the sediment
compartment) as follows:
=
^ ,
(G'126)
The resuspension velocity acts on the sediment compartment, and it is assumed to effect
the same upward flux of sediment as the upflow velocity. Therefore, the resuspension velocity
can be calculated from the upflow velocity and the relative concentrations of particles in the
liquid and sediment compartments as follows:
[TSSfJ
Vres = Vupflow 7^7 (G-127)
G-48
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The sedimentation rate is calculated from the mass balance of sediment in the sediment
compartment (Equation G-4), which can be rearranged as follows:
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
the liquid-phase turbulent surface mass transfer coefficient includes a temperature correction
term of 1.0241"20. The ambient air temperature is used to estimate the air-side properties (air
diffusivity, air density, etc.). The liquid-side properties (liquid diffusivity, liquid viscosity, etc.)
are evaluated at the liquid temperature within the surface impoundment.
G4.5.1 Estimating Temperature in the Surface Impoundment
A simplified energy balance is used around the surface impoundment to estimate the
liquid temperature in the surface impoundment given the liquid temperature of the influent, the
ambient air temperature, and the liquid residence time in the impoundment. The simplified
energy balance is
4.18X10-6 p, Cp>liq Qinfl Tinfl = 4.18X10-6 p, Cp>liq Qinfl T, + hme A (T, - TV) (G-130)
where
P! = liquid density (g/cm3)
Cp liq = specific heat of liquid (cal/g-°C)
Tinfl = influent waste temperature (°C)
4.18 x 10'6 = unit conversion, 4.186 (kg-m2/s2)/cal x 1E6 cnrVm3
T! = liquid waste temperature in the surface impoundment (°C)
have = average overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2-°C = kg/s3-°C)
Tair = ambient air temperature (°C).
The specific heat capacity of water is 1 cal/g-°C and its density is 1 g/cm3. Kreith and
Black report ranges for convective heat transfer coefficients for free and forced convection for
both water and air (Kreith and Black, 1980). To estimate the average overall heat transfer
coefficient, it is assumed that there is forced convection on the air side (windspeed greater than 0
m/s), free convection on the quiescent liquid side, and forced convection on the turbulent liquid
side. For forced convection of air, the reported range is 10 to 200 W/m2-°C, and a general value
of 50 W/m2-°C was selected. For free convection of water, the reported range is 20 to 100
W/m2-°C, and a general value of 50 W/m2-°C was selected. For forced convection of water, the
reported range is 50 to 10,000 W/m2-°C, and a general value of 1,000 W/m2-°C was selected.
Using thermal resistance theory, the overall quiescent heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be
25 W/m2-°C, and the overall turbulent heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be 50 W/m2-°C.
Using the relative aerated and quiescent surface areas, the average overall heat transfer
coefficient is estimated to be 25(l+faer) W/m2-°C. Therefore, assuming the liquid waste is
essentially water, Equation G-130 can be rearranged to estimate the liquid temperature within the
surface impoundment as follows:
25 (1 + f) A\
T> =
T .
air
25 (1 * faer}
4.18E6 0:_a
G-50
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
This equation does not take into account the heat of fusion (i.e., ice formation). As such,
Equation G-13 1 can yield liquid temperatures of less than 0°C. When this happens, the liquid
temperature is set to 0.1 °C and the amount of ice formed is estimated using the previous
assumptions for the specific heat capacity and density of water (1 cal/g-°C and 1 g/cm3,
respectively) and using a heat of fusion of 80 cal/g and a density of ice of 0.9 g/cm3. The
additional heat loss in taking the water from 0°C to T[ (when T[ < 0) is translated into a mass of
ice formation, and the volume or depth of ice formed is estimated using the following equation:
d _ ™ ,..
* " 80 (0.9)
where
dice = depth of ice layer formed (m).
Equation G-132 is expected to be a high estimate of ice formation because convective
heat transfer from the surrounding soil was not included in the heat balance as expressed in
Equation G-130. Furthermore, a small amount of ice formation will not significantly affect the
emission estimates and other parameters estimated by the module. However, if a solid crust of
ice develops over the entire impoundment for a prolonged period of time, the emission estimates,
which do not consider volatilization through an ice layer, are expected to overstate the potential
for volatile emissions. Therefore, when the depth of the ice layer, as estimated using
Equation G-132, is 10 cm or more for 3 consecutive months, the module generates a warning
message that significant ice formation is projected.
G4.5.2 Estimating Temperature Effects on Air-Side Properties
The air-side properties are among the most temperature sensitive of the input properties.
The density at any given temperature can be estimated using the ideal gas law as
Tair Tr 273 + T
Pair = Pair
(G-133)
where
PairTair = density of air at air temperature Tair (g/cm3)
p^ = density of air at reference temperature (g/cm3)
Tair = module simulation air temperature (°C)
Tr = reference temperature (°C, assumed to be 25°C).
The temperature dependence of the constituent's diffusivity in the gas phase is estimated
by the chemical properties processor (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1998).
G-51
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
The viscosity of air is only slightly influenced by temperatures in the temperature range
of interest, and little error is introduced in ignoring its temperature dependency (viscosity ranges
from 1.75 x 10'4 to 2.17 x 10'4 g/cm-s as temperatures range from 0°C to 100°C, Kreith and
Black, 1980). Alternatively, the CHEMDAT8 Module documentation (U.S. EPA, 1994)
presents the following equation that can be used for a temperature-dependent estimate of air
viscosity:
^r (g/cm-s) = 4.568xl(T7 Tair(°C) + 1.7209xl(T4 (G-134)
G4.5.3 Estimating Temperature Effects on Liquid-Side Properties
The density of water is basically insensitive to temperature (no temperature adjustments
are used).
The viscosity of water varies by more than a factor of 5 over the temperature range of
interest (0°C to 100°C). This temperature dependency is important not only for mass transport,
but also for its effect on the solids settling rate (terminal velocity) at lower Reynolds numbers.
Using the data from Kreith and Black (1980), the following correlation was developed (using a
log-log least squares linear regression as suggested by Liley and Gambill, 1973, p. 3-246) for the
temperature-dependent viscosity of water between 0°C to 100°C:
77 ,.,.... , 3.45xlQ12
(273 + r,)5-8
(G-135)
The values for the viscosity of water calculated from Equation G-135 agree well with the values
estimated using the figure/coordinates reported by Liley and Gambill (1973, pp. 3-212 and 3-
213) for temperatures between 0°C and 100°C.
The temperature dependence of the constituent's diffusivity in the liquid phase is
estimated by the chemical properties processor (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1998).
G4.5.4 Estimating Temperature Effects on Vapor-Liquid Partitioning
Temperature affects both gas-phase and liquid-phase activity coefficients so that
developing a temperature correction factor for Henry's law constants is not straightforward. For
example, the Henry's law constant is often estimated for sparingly soluble constituents as the
constituent vapor pressure divided by the solubility. Although the vapor pressure will increase
with increasing temperature, the solubility of the constituent may either increase or decrease,
depending on the constituent. Consequently, the combined impact of temperature on the vapor-
liquid partition coefficient may be small or large depending on the constituent. The temperature
dependence of the constituent's Henry's law constants is estimated by the chemical properties
processors (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1998).
G-52
-------
Appendix G
Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G4.5.5 Estimating Temperature Effects on Biodegradation Rates
The temperature dependence of the constituent's aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation
rates (kbm and kbs) is estimated by the chemical properties processors (Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 1998). The sediment decay rate (kdec) is assumed to be relatively unaffected by
temperatures over a reasonably wide range of temperatures. At temperatures above 50°C and at
temperatures near freezing, the sediment decay rate is assumed to drop rapidly. A simple
temperature correction factor for the sediment decay rate was developed based on these
assumptions and is illustrated in Figure G-4. As seen in Figure G-4, the biodegradation rate
temperature correction factor is assumed to be 1 at temperatures between 7°C and 40°C. At
temperatures below 3°C and above 60°C, the temperature correction factor is 0, and a linear
extrapolation is used to determine the temperature correction factor between 3°C and 7°C and
between 40°C and 60°C.
o
re
LJ_
C
O
"•5
o
t
o
o
0)
2
o
Q.
0)
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
20 40
Temperature (°C)
60
Figure G-4. Illustration of temperature correction factor
used for biological rates.
G5.0 References
Bird, R.B., W.E. Stewart, and E.N. Lightfoot. 1960. Transport Phenomena. New York: John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Bryant, C.W. 1985. Lagoons, ponds, and aerobic digestion. Journal WPCF 57(6): 531-533.
Eckenfelder, W W., J. Patoczka, and A.T. Watkin. 1985. Wastewater treatment. Chemical
Engineering 2:60-74.
G-53
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
Eckenfelder, W.W., M.C. Goronszy, and T.P. Quirk, circa 1984. The activated sludge process:
State of the art. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 15(2):111-117.
Gaudy, A.F., Jr., and D.F. Kincannon. 1977. Comparing design models for activated sludge.
Water and Sewage Works (February): 66-70.
Goldsmith, C.D., and R.K. Balderson. 1989. Biokinetic constants of a mixed microbial culture
with model diesel fuel. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 6(2): 145-154.
Hermann, J. D., and Jeris, J. 1992. Estimating parameters for activated sludge plants. Pollution
Engineering 24(21):56-60.
HydroGeoLogic. 1999. Additional Components in the HWIR99 Surface Impoundment Module.
Prepared for the Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. EPA Contract No. 68-W7-0035. Herndon, VA.
Kreith, F., and W.Z. Black. 1980. Basic Heat Transfer. New York: Harper & Row Publishers,
pp. 15, 514, and 520.
Lambe, T.W., and R.V. Whitman. 1969. Soil Mechanics. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Liley, P. E., and W.R. Gambill. 1973. Chapter 3: Physical and chemical data. InPerry's
Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 5th Edition, Robert H. Perry and Cecil H. Chilton (eds.).
New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Millington, R.J., and J.M. Quirk. 1961. Permeability of porous solids. Trans, of the Faraday
Soc. 57:1200-1207.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 1998. Documentation for the FRAMES-Technology
Software HWIR System, Volume 13: Chemical Properties Processor. Prepared for the
Office of Research and Development and Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
(PNNL-11914, Vol. 13).
Rozich, A.F., A.F. Gaudy, Jr., and P.C. D'Adamo. 1985. Selection of growth rate model for
activated sludges treating phenol. Water Res. 19(4):481-490.
Tabak, H.H., S. Desai, and R. Govind. 1989. The determination of biodegradability and
biodegradation kinetics of organic pollutant compounds with the use of electrolytic
respirometry. Presented at the 15th Annual Research Symposium: Remedial Action,
Treatment, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste, April 10-12, 1989, Cincinnati, Ohio.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Air Emissions Models for Waste and
Wastewater. EPA-453/R-94-080A. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
G-54
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. EPA 's Composite Model for Leachate
Migration with Transformation Products. EPACMTP. Background Document. Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Weber, A.S., E.K. Russell, I.E., Alleman, J.H. Sherrard, R.O. Mines, and M.S. Kennedy. 1985.
Activate sludge. Journal WPCF 57(6): 517-526.
G-55
-------
Appendix G Surface Impoundment Model Documentation
G-56
-------
Appendix G
Attachment A:
Site and Source Parameters for
the Surface Impoundment Module
-------
-------
Appendix G-A Site and Source Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Module
Appendix G
Attachment A:
Site and Source Parameters for
the Surface Impoundment Module
Table G-A-1 lists the SI Module input parameter values used to model emissions and
leachate fluxes from sewage sludge disposal lagoons, along with a description, units, and a data
source for each variable. Variables are grouped by national constants, national or site-specific
distributions, and variables that are picked by RunlD.
The sewage sludge lagoons modeled for the screening analysis are assumed to be unlined
and quiescent (no aeration). Data from EPA's Surface Impoundment Study (SIS; U.S. EPA,
2001) survey was used to provide many of the site-specific variables needed to run the SI
Module. In the probabilistic screening analysis, selection of a nonaerated SIS impoundment
provides a location to be modeled for a particular RunlD along with the design and operating
characteristics of the impoundment to modeled. Although the SIS focused on nonhazardous
industrial waste impoundments, the locations of the nonaerated units from the SIS are an
adequate representation of the national distribution of sewage sludge disposal lagoons, and the
characteristics of these units are reasonable with respect to sewage sludge disposal practices.
G-3
-------
Appendix G-A Site and Source Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Module
G-4
-------
Appendix G-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table G-A-1. Input Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Model
Parameter
Description Value
Reference
Constants
C_in
d_imp
d_liner
F_aer
focW
hydc_liner
J
kbal
LinerALPHA
LinerBETA
n imp
NyrMax
Powr
Distributions
bio_yield
Chemical concentration of the 0. 1
influent mg/L
Impeller diameter cm 0. SIS data
Thickness of liner m 0
Fraction surface area-turbulent 0
fraction
Fraction organic carbon of waste 0 . 4
solids mass fraction
Saturated conductivity of liner m/s 0
Oxygen transfer factor Ib O2/h-hp 3
Biologically active solids/total 0.4
solids ratio unitless
Soil retention parameter alpha of 0.008
the liner I/cm
Soil retention parameter beta of the 1.09
liner unitless
Number of impellers/aerators 0
unitless
Maximum model simulation time 200
years
Total power for impellers/aerators 0
hp
Biomass yield g/g Uniform distribution:
min= 0.4
max = 0.8
Value of 0. 1 used to avoid
exceeding solubility in
surface impoundment.
Quiescent impoundment (no
aeration)
Assumption that the surface
impoundment does not have
a liner
Quiescent impoundment (no
aeration)
Best professional judgment
Assumption that the surface
impoundment does not have
a liner
Best professional judgment
U.S. EPA, 2001
Carsel and Parrish, 1988
Carsel and Parrish, 1988
Quiescent impoundment (no
aeration)
Ran source model for 200
years to capture maximum
exposure.
Quiescent impoundment (no
aeration)
Tchobanoglous et al, 1979
dmeanTSS Particle diameter cm
Triangular distribution:
min = 0.0005
max = 0.0025
mode = 0.001
Tchobanoglous et al., 1979
G-A-5
-------
Appendix G-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table G-A-1. Input Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Model
Parameter Description
Value
Reference
hydc_sed Hydraulic conductivity of the
sediment layer m/s
Uniform distribution:
min= 0.000000001
max = 0.00000
Tchobanoglous et al., 1979
k dec
Digestion rate of sediments 1/s
Uniform distribution:
min = 0.00000046
max = 0.00000087
Tchobanoglous et al., 1979
SrcPh
RunlD-Specific
Mild
VadAlpha
VadBeta
VadSATK
VadThick
Site-Specific
fwmu
MetSta
SiteLatitude
SiteLongitude
TSS_in
TSS_out
pH of the SI influent pH units
Infiltration rate m/d
Soil retention parameter alpha of
the vadose zone I/cm
Soil retention parameter beta of the
vadose zone unitless
Saturated hydraulic conductivity of
vadose zone soil cm/h
Thickness of vadose zone m
Fraction waste in WMU mass
fraction
Meteorological station
Latitude of the site, degrees
Longitude of the site, degrees
Total suspended solids of the
influent g/cm3
Total suspended solids of the
effluent
Triangular distribution:
min=5
max=9
mode=7
RunlD-specific. Calculated by
the source model.
Source Specific. ALPHA from
EPACMTP
Source Specific. BETA from
EPACMTP
Source Specific. SATK from
EPACMTP
Source Specific. DSOIL from
EPACMTP
1
Site-specific
Site-specific
Site-specific
0.024
0
Best professional judgment
Calculated by the source
model
U.S. EPA, 1996
U.S. EPA, 1996
U.S. EPA, 1996
U.S. EPA, 1996
Assumption that all waste is
sewage sludge
U.S. EPA, 2001
U.S. EPA, 2001
U.S. EPA, 2001
U.S. EPA, 2001
U.S. EPA, 2001
w_imp
Impeller speed rad/s
0. SIS data.
Quiescent impoundment (no
aeration)
Source-specific
G-A-6
-------
Appendix G-A
Surface Impoundment Data
Table G-A-1. Input Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Model
Parameter Description
Value
Reference
AquSATK Saturated hydraulic conductivity of
the aquifer m/yr
Source-specific. SATK from
EPACMTP
U.S. EPA, 1996
AquThick
Saturated zone thickness m
Source-specific. ZB from
EPACMTP
U.S. EPA, 1996
CBOD
BOD of the influent g/cm3
Source-specific. SIS data.
Missing data were filled with
random pick from existing data.
U.S. EPA, 2001
ClimateCenter Index to nearest climate station to
WMUn/a
Source-specific. ICLR from
EPACMTP ). Used to select
MetSta.
U.S. EPA, 1996
d_setpt Max fraction of SI occupied by
sediments, fraction
Source-specific. Calculated
based on SIS Data.
If d_wmu > 5m, d_sept = 0.76
If 5 > d_wmu > 2.4, d_sept =
(d_wmu -1.2)/d_wmu
If d_wmu < 2.4, D_sept = 0.5.
U.S. EPA, 2001
d wmu
Depth of the Sim
Source-specific. Step 1. Select
the maximum of either the
ponding depth or the (DBGS -
0.3).
Step 2. If d_wmu < 0.5, set
d wmu = 0.5
Best professional judgment.
Calculated based on Ponding
Depth or DBGS.
DBGS
Depth below ground surface m
Source-specific. DBGS from
EPACMTP
U.S. EPA, 1996
O2eff
Oxygen transfer correction factor
unitless
Source-specific. SIS data.
Missing data were filled with
random picks from existing data
U.S. EPA, 2001
Q_wmu
Volumetric influent flow rate m3/s
Source-specific. SIS data. The
hydraulic residence time was
calculated as: HRT = d_wmu *
SrcArea / Q_wmu / 365.25 /
86400. If the calculated HRT
was > 50 or < 0.00001, a new
Q_wmu was calculated as: a.
Volume = SrcArea*d_wmu b.
A Q_wmu is selected from a
set of Q_wmu's within a range
of volumes close to the one
calculated until a Q_wmu is
selected that generates an HRT
that falls within the above
specified range.
U.S. EPA, 2001
SedAlpha Soil retention parameter alpha of
the sediment I/cm
Source-specific. ALPHA from
EPACMTP
U.S. EPA, 1996
G-A-7
-------
Appendix G-A Surface Impoundment Data
Table G-A-1. Input Parameters for the Surface Impoundment Model
Parameter Description Value Reference
SedBeta Soil retention parameter beta of the Source-specific. BETA from U.S. EPA, 1996
sediment unitless EPACMTP
SrcLWSSubAreaArea of the surface impoundment Source-specific U.S. EPA, 2001
Area m2
SrcTemp Temperature of the waste degC Source-specific. SIS Data. U.S. EPA, 2001
Missing data were filled with
random pick from existing data
G-A-8
-------
Appendix G
References
Carsel, R.F., and R.S. Parrish. 1988. Developing joint probability distributions of soil water
retention characteristics. Water Resources Research 24(5):1'55-1'69. May.
Tchobanoglous, G., FJ. Cerra, and J.W. Maisel (eds.). 1979. Wastewater Engineering:
Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. EPA's Composite Model for Leachate
Migration with Transformation Products. EPACMTP: User's Guide. Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001. Industrial Surface Impoundments in the
United States. EPA 530-R-01-005. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. March.
G-A-9
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
-------
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Hl.O Introduction
For the agricultural application scenario assessed in this analysis, the Land Application
Unit (LAU) Module from the Multimedia, Multipathway, Multireceptor Risk Assessment
(3MRA) modeling system was selected to model the environmental fate of sludge chemicals
applied to a field. The following documentation details the functionality of the LAU Module in
3MRA. The specific parameter values and model modifications made for this analysis are
presented in Attachment D to this appendix. Attachment E provides the LAU Module inputs
used in this analysis.
As part of the 3MRA modeling system, an LAU source module was developed to
estimate annual average surface soil constituent concentrations and constituent mass emission
rates to air, downslope land, and groundwater. These estimates are used in an integrated,
multipathway module linking source modules with environmental fate and transport and
exposure/risk modules. Additionally, LAU source emission modules were combined with a
local watershed module (a "local" watershed is a sheet-flow-only watershed containing the
LAU) to provide estimates of constituent mass flux rates from runoff and erosion to a downslope
waterbody, as well as surface soil constituent concentrations in downslope buffer areas. Because
the LAU source is assumed here to interact hydrologically with the local watershed of which it is
an integral part, it is termed a "land-based" unit.
A soil column model, the Generic Soil Column Module (GSCM), was developed to
describe the dynamics of constituent mass fate and transport within LAUs and near-surface soils
in watershed subareas. (The term "soil" is used loosely here to refer to a porous medium,
whether it is waste in the LAU or near-surface soil in a watershed subarea.) Governing
equations for the GSCM are similar to those used by Jury et al. (1983, 1990) and Shan and
Stevens (1995). However, the analytical solution techniques used by these authors were not
applicable to the source emission module developed here because they did not consider the
periodic addition of constituent mass and enhanced constituent mass loss rates in the surface soil
from volatilization, runoff, wind and water erosion, leaching, and mechanical processes. The
GSCM provides a new solution technique that is computationally efficient and sufficiently
flexible to allow consideration of the LAU. It allows
• Constituent mass balance
• Waste additions and removals to simulate active facilities
• Joint estimation of constituent mass losses due to a variety of mechanisms,
including
H-3
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
— Volatilization of gas-phase constituent mass from the surface to the air
— Leaching of aqueous-phase constituent mass by advection or diffusion
from the bottom of the waste management unit (WMU) or vadose zone
— First-order losses, which can include
Abiotic and biodegradation
Suspension of constituent mass adsorbed to surface particles due to
wind action and vehicular activity
Suspension of constituent mass adsorbed to surface particles due to
water erosion
Surface runoff of aqueous-phase constituent mass.
Section H2 describes the GSCM assumptions, governing equations, boundary conditions,
and solution technique. Section H3 describes the application of the GSCM to the land-based
LAU and its integration within the holistic local watershed module, including hydrology, soil
erosion, and runoff water quality. Sections H4 and H5 describe the specifics of the GSCM's
application and integration for the LAU. Appendix H-A lists and defines all symbols used in
Sections H2 through H6. Appendices H-B and H-C provide supplementary information on
determination of H', Da, and Dw for organic compounds and particulate emission equations.
H2.0 Generic Soil Column Module
H2.1 Assumptions
The following assumptions were made in the development of the GSCM used in the
LAU:
The contaminant partitions to three phases: adsorbed (solid), dissolved (liquid),
and gaseous (as in Jury et al., 1983, 1990).
CT = P* Cs + 0W CL + 6fl CG (H-l)
where
CT = total contaminant concentration in soil (g/m3 of soil)
pb = soil dry bulk density (kg/m3)
Cs = adsorbed-phase contaminant concentration in soil (g/kg of dry soil)
6W = soil volumetric water content (m3 soil water/m3 soil)
CL = aqueous-phase contaminant concentration in soil (g/m3 of soil water)
6a = soil volumetric air content (m3 soil air/m3 soil)
CG = gas-phase contaminant concentration in soil (g/m3 of soil air).
H-4
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
• The contaminant undergoes reversible, linear equilibrium partitioning between
the adsorbed and dissolved phases (as in Jury et al., 1983, 1990).
Cs = Kd CL (H-2)
where Kd is the linear equilibrium partitioning coefficient (m3/kg). For organic
contaminants,
Kd=foc-Koc (H-3)
where foe is the organic carbon fraction in soil and Koc is the equilibrium partition
coefficient (m3/kg), normalized to organic carbon. Alternatively, Kd can be
specified as an input parameter for inorganic contaminants.1
CG = H1 CL (H-4)
Contaminant in the dissolved and gaseous phases is assumed to be in equilibrium
and to follow Henry's law (as in Jury et al., 1983, 1990).
where H' is the dimensionless Henry's law coefficient.
The total contaminant concentration in soil can also be expressed in units of jig of
contaminant mass per g of dry soil (|ig/g):
V^- rp
C'T=— (H-5)
Ph
Using the linear equilibrium approximations in Equations H-2 through H-5, CT
can be expressed in terms of CL, Cs , or CG:
-TT TJ
CT = KTLCL = -f-Cs = ~^CG (H-6)
Kd H
where
KTL=pbKd+6w+eaH' (H-7)
1 It is implicit in this linear equilibrium partitioning assumption that the sorptive capacity of the soil column
solids is considered to be infinite with respect to the total mass of contaminant over the duration of the simulation
(i.e., the soil column sorptive capacity does not become exhausted).
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
KTL is the dimensionless equilibrium distribution coefficient between the total and
aqueous-phase constituent concentrations in soil.
• The total water flux or infiltration rate (I, m/d) is constant in space and time (as in
Jury et al., 1983, 1990) and greater than or equal to zero. It is specified as an
annual average.
• Material in the soil column (including bulk waste) can be approximated as
unconsolidated homogeneous porous media whose basic properties (pb, foe, 6W,
6a, and r|—the total soil porosity) are average annual values, constant in space.
• Contaminant mass may be lost from the soil column as a result of one or more
first-order loss processes.
• The total chemical flux is the sum of the vapor flux and the flux of the dissolved
solute (as in Jury et al., 1983, 1990).
• The chemical is transported in one dimension through the soil column (as in Jury
etal., 1983, 1990).
• The vapor-phase and liquid-phase porosity and tortuosity factors obey the module
of Millington and Quirk (1961) (as in Jury et al., 1983, 1990). (See Equation H-9
below.)
• The modeled spatial domain of the soil column remains constant in volume and
fixed in space with respect to a vertical reference (e.g., the water table).
H2.2 Governing Mass Balance Equation
Under the above assumptions, the governing mass fate and transport equation can be
written as follows:
oCT d CT oCT
-^ = VE—i ~ VE-^ - kCT (H-8)
Bt dz2 dz
where k (1/d) is the total first-order loss rate and DE(m2/d) is the effective diffusivity in soil
calculated as follows:
(010/3D H + 010/3D ) 8.64
DE= — — (H-9)
T?KTL
H-t
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where Da and Dw (cm2/s) are air and water diffusivities, respectively, and 8.64 is a conversion
factor (m2-s/cm2-d). DE can be considered to be the sum of the effective gaseous and water
diffusion coefficients in soil, DE a, and DE w, respectively, where
and
8.64
The effective solute convection velocity (VE, m/d) is equal to the water flux corrected for
the contaminant partitioning to the water phase as follows:
VE= -j- (H-12)
H2.3 Parameter Estimation Methodologies
• Water content (6W) is estimated as a function of the annual average
infiltration rate (I, m/d) using (Clapp and Hornberger, 1978):
-I (2SMb+3)
9 =rj.\ - - - (H-13)
w ' 10.24KT J
where Ksat (cm/h) is saturated hydraulic conductivity, SMb is a unitless exponent
specified by soil-type, and 0.24 (h-m/d-cm) is a unit conversion factor.
• Volumetric air content is estimated using Equation H-14.
9 = T! - Qw (H-14)
• H', Da, and Dw can be either estimated as a function of temperature in the
soil column (Tsc, °C) using the methods described in Appendix H-B or
specified directly as input parameters if preadjusted values are available.
H-7
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
H2.4 Solution Technique
H2.4.1 Background
A solution of the complete convective-diffusive-decay concentration module
(Equation H-8) was undertaken to evaluate, in a soil column of depth zsc,
• Total contaminant concentration as a function of time, t, and depth below the
surface, z, for an arbitrary chemical
• Contaminant mass fluxes across the upper (z = 0) and lower boundaries (z = zsc)
of the soil column.
A numerical solution of Equation H-8, with zero concentration boundary condition at the
surface and zero gradient lower boundary condition, was first examined as a straightforward
explicit finite difference method. This approach resulted in such a high numerical diffusion that
made it impossible to distinguish diffusion effects. By subdividing each section into relatively
thinner sections, the numerical diffusion could be reduced to more acceptable levels, but then
smaller time steps were required, and the computation time became quite long. In addition, the
numerical solution was not stable in the extremes (e.g., high/low VE or DE).
An alternative, quasi-analytical approach was developed that allows for relative
computational speed and significantly reduces concern about numerical diffusion and lack of
stability. The tradeoff is a loss of ability to evaluate short-term trends in concentration and
diffusive flux profiles. The method was developed to allow estimation of long-term (i.e., annual
average) contaminant concentration profiles and mass fluxes.
The alternative approach developed consists of a superposition of analytic solutions of
the three components of the governing equation (Equation H-8) on the same grid. The solution
for the simplified case where the soil column consists of one homogeneous zone whose
properties are uniform in space and time is described below. Adaptations of the solution
technique to account for variations from this simplified case (e.g., more than one homogeneous
zone as for a landfill with cover soil zone atop the waste zone) are described in the module-
specific sections.
H2.4.2 Description of Quasi-Analytical Approach
A quasi-analytical approach was developed that is a step-wise solution of the three
components of the governing equation (Equation H-8) on the same grid. Boundary conditions of
CT=0 at both the upper and lower boundaries of the soil column are assumed, although some
flexibility exists in specifying the lower boundary condition, as discussed below. That is, the
following equations are solved individually:
BCT
— - = DF - - (H-15)
dt E 9z2 ^ }
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
dc
8C
(H-16)
dCT
= - kC,
(H-17)
Equations H-15 through H-17 each have an analytical solution that can be combined to
obtain a pure diffusion solution that moves with velocity VE through the porous medium (lost,
1960). The solution of the general differential equation then has the form of the solution of the
diffusive portion with its time dependence, translating in space with velocity VE, and decaying
exponentially with time.
The first two solutions for a point source are graphically depicted in Figures H-l and
H-2 for illustration. If it were possible to compute such point source solutions for each position
in the soil column and each time of interest, then the contributions at each point could be added
to obtain a global solution because the governing differential equations are linear. That is, each
point in the soil column could be treated as if it were the only point for which there is a nonzero
concentration.
Figure H-l. Development of diffusive
spreading from a point source with time,
corresponding to times of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.4.
Figure H-2. Diffusive spreading from a point
source with a constant velocity to the right at
times of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.4.
To make the analysis tractable, instead of a point source, the soil column is divided into
layer sources each of depth dz (i.e., a grid). A layer source can be thought of as multiple point
sources packed closely together. In such a case, Equation H-15 has a solution for one-
dimensional diffusion, with the concentration at any point and any time given by Equation H-l8
for a layer of width dz centered at z' = 0 (lost, 1960). The concentration profile is assumed to be
initially uniform from z' = -dz/2 to z' = +dz/2 and zero everywhere else. With time, the profile
H-9
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
spreads outward and the concentration at the origin decreases, as shown in Figure H-3 for dz=2.
With a positive velocity VE, the concentration profile also moves down the soil column as
illustrated in Figure H-4. The use of layer solutions requires that we assume uniform average
concentrations be assumed within each layer. Thus, the thickness of the layers determines the
CT(z',t) =
C
ro
, J + dz/2\ I dz/2-z
erfl i '- \+erf '
•S lA T~N , J
!4DEt
4DEt
(H-18)
6 8
Figure H-3. Development of diffusive
spreading from a layer source with time,
corresponding to times of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.4.
Figure H-4. Diffusive spreading from a layer
source with a constant velocity to the right at
times of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.4.
spatial resolution available.
The total amount of material, m, in g/m2 that has passed any ordinate z' after time t is
given by the integral of the concentration from z' to °° with one-half leaving to the left (negative
z' values) and one-half to the right (positive z' values):
(H-19)
The integral in Equation H-19 can be derived as
erfc(y}dy- \erfc(y)dy
(z'-dz!2)/j4DEt (z'+dz!2)/j4DEt
(H-20)
which is evaluated using the relationship (Abramowitz and Stegun, 1970):
H-10
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
\ srfc(x)dx = xerfc(x)--y=exp(- x2) + constant (H-21)
The fraction of the original mass that diffuses past a boundary at z' in any time period 0
to t, Df(z',t), is one-half m(z',t) divided by the amount of mass initially present in g/m2 in the
source layer (CTO-dz):
Df(z',t) = 0.
4DFt
'-^- | erfc(y}dy- \erfc(y)dy (H-22)
erfc(y}dy- \erfc(y)dy
(z'-dz/2)/j4Dst (z'+dz/2)/j4Dst
The fraction of mass that remains in the original layer of width dz after diffusion in the
time period 0 to t, Df0(t), is
D/0(0 = l-2-D/(z' = 0.5Jz,0 (H-23)
By means of evaluations at all the layer boundaries (z'=0.5dz, l.Sdz, 2.5dz, ...), the
amount of contaminant mass transported to any layer via diffusion after time t can be calculated
as the difference between the amount outside the upstream boundary and the amount outside the
downstream boundary. For example, the fraction of mass originally present in the source layer
that ends up in the layer adjacent to the source layer in time t is Df(z'=0.5dz, t) -Df(z'=1.5dz, t).
The integrated amounts of material that have crossed the layer boundaries and the amount that
remains in the source layer after time t are given directly by Equations H-22 and H-23,
respectively, and only have to be computed once for fixed time steps and layer thicknesses.
The amount of mass that diffuses from a given layer out the lower boundary of the soil
column in time t can be tracked by multiplying Df(z',t) — evaluated at the point where, for that
layer, z' is at the bottom of the soil column (z = zsc) — by (CTO -dz) for that layer. Diffusive losses
across the bottom boundary from all the soil column layers are summed to calculate the total
diffusive (aqueous- and gaseous-phase) loss across the bottom boundary, Mlchd(t) (g/m2), in
time t.
Likewise, by summing the total diffusive losses across the upper boundary from each
layer, the total diffusive loss out the top of the soil column, M0(t) (g/m2), is determined. The
volatilization loss from the surface of the soil column, Mvol(t) (g/m2), is assumed to be due to
gaseous-phase diffusion only and is determined by
(H_24)
where (DEa/DE) is the fraction of the total diffusive loss from any layer that is due to diffusion in
the gaseous phase in the soil.
H-ll
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
It is assumed that mass is not lost across the top boundary due to diffusion in the aqueous
phase in the soil. In order to maintain mass balance, mass calculated to be lost this way is added
back into the top layer in the soil, augmenting the total contaminant concentration there by
(M0(t) • DE W/DE). This method of obtaining Mvol(t) is an approximation, justified on the basis of
computational efficiency. A more rigorous treatment would include a mathematical transition
layer across which diffusion from the soil to the air occurs. However, use of such a transition
layer would require a more computationally intensive solution technique, as well as specification
of the thickness of the transition layer.
Without this approximation (i.e., if Mvol(t) = M0(t)), Mvol(t) could be greater than zero for
nonvolatile contaminants (Da = H' =0) because of the possible contribution to M0 from the
aqueous-phase diffusive flux. It is believed that this method of estimating Mvol(t) and
augmenting the total contaminant concentration in the surface layer represents a reasonable
approximation of what actually occurs. That is, contaminant mass diffuses to the surface in both
the aqueous and gaseous phases. While the contaminant mass in the gas phase volatilizes out the
surface of the soil column, the contaminant mass in the aqueous phase is left behind,
concentrating the contaminant mass in surface soil (approximated here as the surface soil column
layer).
To account for decay, Equation H-17 is solved readily by the technique of separation of
variables (lost, 1960). It has a solution of the form
CT = Cro exp(- kt) (H-25)
As Equation H-25 is applied to each layer, the amount of mass lost as a result of first-order
decay in time, t, Mloss (g/m2), can be tracked using
Mloss (0 = (l - exp(-fe))Cro - dz (H-26)
Where multiple first-order loss processes may occur (i.e., k = £kj), the fraction of initial
mass present lost as a result of each process j is determined using
(H-27)
A potential difficulty with the layer solution is that the convection of material leads to an
artificial numerical diffusion because the concentration within each layer can only be expressed
as an average value. This component of numerical diffusion can be avoided completely if the
contents of each layer are transferred completely to the next layer at the end of each time step by
making the time step equal to the layer thickness divided by the effective velocity, VE:
^ dz
dt = — (H-28)
V E
H-12
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
The contaminant mass in the bottom layer is convected out of the lower boundary. Total
mass lost due to advection in dt, Mlcha (g/m2), is simply CTO in the lowest soil column layer times
dz.
To summarize the overall solution technique, the three processes (diffusion, 1st order losses, and
advective transport) are considered separately, in series, and then combined (under the
justification of the superposition principle for linear differential equations) to result in the
chemical concentration vertical profile at the end of a computational time step. Specifically, the
chemical concentration profile after diffusion only is first simulated. Following diffusion, the
chemical mass in each computational cell (the mass after diffusion) is then decreased in
accordance with the first order loss model. Finally, after a sufficient time has elapsed (which
may take multiple time steps) for the chemical mass in a cell to have advected (at the sorption-
corrected, velocity) a distance equal to the thickness of the cell, all chemical mass in each cell is
translated to the next lower cell. This completes the series solution of the overall fate and
transport governing equation.
H2.4.2.1 Boundary Conditions. Zero concentration is assumed at the upper boundary
of the soil column. This is consistent with the assumption that the air is a sink for volatilized
contaminant mass, but requires the approximate method for estimating Mvol(t) described above.
At the lower boundary of the soil column, the flexibility exists with this solution
technique to specify a value between zero and 1 for the ratio (bcm) of the total contaminant
concentration in the soil directly below the modeled soil column and in the soil column. A ratio
of one (bcm=l) corresponds to a zero gradient boundary condition (dCT/dz=0). A ratio of zero
(bcm=0) corresponds to a zero concentration boundary condition (CT=0).
When bcm is equal to zero, diffusive fluxes at the upper and lower boundaries of the soil
column are calculated directly as described above. When bcm is greater than zero, a reflection
of the soil column is created. The contaminant concentrations in the reflected soil column cells
are set equal to bcm times the contaminant concentration in the soil column cell being reflected
(i.e., the concentration in the first cell of the reflected soil column is set to bcm times the
contaminant concentration in the lowest cell of the actual soil column). The upward diffusive
flux from the reflected soil column cells (1) offsets the diffusive flux out the lower boundary of
the soil column, (2) increments the contaminant concentrations in the soil column, and
(3) augments the diffusive flux out the upper boundary of the soil column. Hence, when bcm is
equal to 1 (the no diffusion boundary condition), the downward diffusive flux out the bottom
boundary of the soil column is completely offset by the upward diffusive flux across the same
boundary from the reflected soil column cells.
H2.4.2.2 Algorithm. The general algorithm for applying the individual solutions to
Equations H-15 through H-17 is as follows for a homogeneous soil column and an averaging
time period of 1 year:
1. Specify
Lower boundary condition multiplier (bcm)
Initial conditions in soil column (CTO)
H-13
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
• Soil column size (zsc) and properties (pb, foe, r|, Ksat, SMb)
• First-order loss rates (kj)
• Chemical properties (Koc, H', Da, Dw)
• Upper and lower averaging depths (zava, zavb).
2. Calculate/read Kd. Kd is internally calculated for organics (Kd = Koe x Foc), and
read as a user input for metals.
3. Subdivide the soil column into multiple layers of depth, dz, that are an integral
fraction of zsc. Calculate the total number of layers, Ndz = zsc/dz.
4. Get annual average infiltration rate (I) for the year.
5. Calculate 0W, 0a, K^, DE, VE.
6. Calculate the time to cross a single layer at velocity VE (Equation H-28) . This is
the convection-based computing time step, dt. See also note below.
7. Evaluate the fraction of mass that remains in a layer (Equation H-25) and that
diffuses across layer boundaries z'= O.Sdz, l.Sdz, 2.5dz,... (Equation H-24) at
t=dt. (These fractions are constant for a fixed dt.)
8. Calculate the amount of mass present in the soil column at the beginning of the
year (Mcoll, g/m2).
9. Initialize cumulative mass loss variables (Mvol, Mlchd, Mlcha, Mloss,j).
10. Diffusion. Adjust the concentration profile to reflect diffusive fluxes for one time
step. This redistributes material throughout the whole soil column. Increment
Mvol and Mlchd.
11. First-order losses: Allow the concentration profile to decay in each layer
(Equation H-27) for one time step. Increment mass lost due to all applicable first-
order loss processes, j, Mlossj (Equation H-25).
12. Convection: Propagate the concentration profile one layer downstream.
Increment Mlcha.
13. Repeat Steps 10 through 12 until it is time to add and/or remove contaminant
mass (go to Step 14) or until the end of the year (go to Step 15).
14. To account for the addition of contaminant mass, update the contaminant
concentrations in the affected layers. Track total mass added (Madd, g/m2) and/or
removed (Mrem, g/m2). Begin the algorithm again at Step 10.
15. At end of the year, calculate/report
H-14
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
• Total mass in the soil column (Mcol2, g/m2)
• Mass balance error for the year (Merr, g/m2):
Mcol2 - Mcoll - Madd + Mrem + Mvol + Mlcha + Mlchd + MlossJ (H.29)
Annual average total concentration in surface layer
Annual, depth-weighted average total concentration (zava
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
adsorption/desorption, and the geochemistry of media (e.g., oxidation-reduction
conditions) on the value of Kd and the fate and transport behavior of metals in
general. This complexity is not modeled by the GSCM for metals partitioning;
rather, Kd is externally provided as a randomly sampled value by the chemical
properties processor (CPP).
• With organic contaminants, the GSCM is not applicable if nonaqueous phase
liquid (NAPL) is present. Similarly, with metals, the presence of a precipitate is
not allowed. The presence of NAPL (precipitate) is determined by comparing CT
to the theoretical maximum contaminant concentration in soil without NAPL
(precipitate), determined by the aqueous solubility, saturated soil-gas
concentration of the contaminant, and the sorptive capacity of the soil. The limit
on CT is estimated using
CT < KTLCs°l (H-32)
where CLso1 (g/m3) is the aqueous solubility. It is expected that in most
circumstances exit levels will be sufficiently low that the presence of NAPL
(precipitate) would be precluded.
• The algorithm is being applied to develop source release estimates on an annual
average basis, to support estimation of chronic (long-term average) risk estimates.
Some of the inputs used (e.g., infiltration) are long-term annual average estimates,
while others are annual average. Accordingly, the outputs are not strictly
applicable to individual years.
• The module allows consideration of only one contaminant at a time and does not
simulate fate and transport of reaction products in its current form. With further
module development, it would be possible to track the production of reaction
products in each soil column layer and use basically the same algorithm that is
used for the parent compound to module the fate of reaction products.
• The solution technique used, sequential solutions to the three-component
differential equations of the governing differential equation, allows computational
efficiency. However, systematic errors could result from the choice of the order
in which these solutions are applied. The size of the error would be dependent on
the relative loss rates associated with the three processes. For example, if the
first- order loss rate due to degradation were high and losses due to degradation
were calculated first, then less contaminant mass would be available for diffusive
and advective losses. The current algorithm prioritizes diffusive losses because
the diffusion equation is solved first. This is followed by first-order losses and
advection, respectively.
• As discussed, a boundary condition at the soil/air interface of CT = 0 was assumed
in developing this solution technique. This is consistent with the assumption that
the air is a sink for volatilized contaminant mass. However, as discussed in
H-16
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
Section H2.4.1, because the diffusion coefficient used in the governing equation
(Equation H-8) includes diffusion in both the air and aqueous phases of the soil,
contaminant mass that is transported upward in the soil column via diffusion can
include mass in both the air and aqueous phases. Although this is appropriate
within the soil where the ratio of air to water is relatively constant, the assumption
breaks down at the soil/air interface itself. To account for the fact that
contaminant mass in the aqueous phase should not be lost out of the surface of the
soil column—which, for example, would lead to nonzero volatilization fluxes for
nonvolatile contaminants (Da = H' =0)—the volatilization flux at the surface is
assumed to include only the diffusive flux due to gas-phase diffusion. Mass
estimated to be lost from the surface due to aqueous-phase diffusion is added back
into the surface soil column layer, augmenting the contaminant concentration
there and maintaining mass balance. This is an approximation, justified on the
basis of computational efficiency; nonetheless, the approximation should be in
reasonable agreement with what actually occurs in nature.
H3.0 Local Watershed/Soil Column Module
H3.1 Introduction
The LAU source emissions module is required to provide annual average contaminant
mass flux rates from the surface of the LAU and its subsurface interface with the vadose zone,
total contaminant concentration in the surface material, and contaminant mass emission rate due
to paniculate emissions. In addition, because these LAUs are on the land surface, they are
integral land areas in their respective watersheds and, consequently, are not only affected by
runoff and erosion from upslope land areas, but also affect downslope land areas through runoff
and erosion. Indeed, after some period of time during which runoff and erosion has occurred
from an LAU, the downslope land areas will have been contaminated and their surface
concentrations could approach (or conceivably even exceed long after LAU operation ceases) the
residual chemical concentrations in the LAU at that time. Thus, after extensive runoff and
erosion from an LAU, the entire downslope surface area can be considered a "source," and it
becomes important to consider these "extended source" areas in the risk assessment. It is for this
reason that a holistic modeling approach has been taken with the LAU source module to
incorporate them into the watershed of which they are a part.
The watershed including an LAU is termed here the "local" watershed and is illustrated
in Figure H-5. A local watershed is defined as that drainage area that just contains the LAU or a
portion thereof (there can be multiple local watersheds) in the lateral (perpendicular to runoff
flow) direction, and in which runoff occurs as overland flow (sheet flow) only. Thus, a local
watershed extends downslope only to the point that runoff flows and eroded soil loads would
enter a well-defined drainage channel, e.g., a ditch, stream, lake, or some other waterbody. The
sheet-flow-only restriction is based on the assumption that any subareas downslope of the LAU
subarea are subject to chemical contamination from the LAU through overland runoff and soil
erosion.
Figures H-6 and H-7 illustrate how the local watershed is conceptualized for the
combined Local Watershed/Soil Column Module, that is, as a two-dimensional, two-medium
H-17
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Local watershed
Drainage
divide
Figure H-5. Local watershed containing WMU.
Watershed Divide
Figure Ib
View
1
2
•
M
So
unujj
7 Column
Figure H-6. Local watershed.
Figure H-7. Cross-section view of
watershed.
system. The dimensions are longitudinal, i.e., downslope or in the direction of runoff flow, and
vertical, i.e., through the soil column. The media are the soil column and, during runoff events,
the overlying runoff water column. The local watershed is assumed to be made up of, in the
longitudinal direction, an arbitrary number of land subareas that may have differing surface or
subsurface characteristics, e.g., land uses, soil properties, and chemical concentrations. For
example, subarea 2 might be an LAU, subarea 1 would then represent an upslope area, and
subareas 3 through N would be downslope buffer areas extending to the waterbody.
H-18
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
H3.2 Hydrology
H3.2.1 Overview
Hydrologic modeling is performed to simulate watershed runoff and groundwater
recharge (termed here "infiltration"). The hydrology module is based on a daily soil moisture
water balance performed for the root zone of the soil column. At the end of a given day, t, the
soil moisture in the root zone of an arbitrary watershed subarea, i, is updated as
i + Pt H- R0t_l>t - R0.t - ET.t - IN.f (H-33)
where
= soil moisture (cm) in root zone at end of day t for subarea i
= soil moisture (cm) in root zone at end of previous day for subarea i
Pt = total precipitation (cm) on day t
ROj_u = storm runoff (cm) on day t coming onto subarea i from i-1
RO; , = storm runoff (cm) on day t leaving subarea i
ET; t = evapotranspiration (cm) from root zone on day t for subarea i
IN; t = infiltration (groundwater recharge) on day t (cm) for subarea i.
Precipitation is undifferentiated between rainfall and frozen precipitation; that is, frozen
precipitation is treated as rainfall. Runoff, evapotranspiration, and infiltration losses from the
root zone are discussed in subsequent sections. The equations presented in these sections refer
to "day t and subarea i" in accordance with the above water balance equation (Equation H-33).
H3.2.2 Runoff
H3.2.2.1 Governing Equations. Daily runoff is based on the Soil Conservation
Service's (SCS's) widely used "curve number" procedure (USD A, 1986) and is a function of
current and antecedent precipitation and land use. Land use is considered empirically by the
curve numbers, which are catalogued by land use or cover type (e.g., woods, meadow,
impervious surfaces), treatment or practice (e.g., contoured, terraced), hydrologic condition, and
hydrologic soil group.
Runoff depth is calculated by the SCS procedure as
RO = (P"/a) far P >Ia (H-34)
P~ lei + o
where
RO = runoff depth (cm)
P = precipitation depth (cm)
la = initial abstraction (threshold precipitation depth for runoff to occur) (cm)
S = watershed storage (cm).
H-19
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
By experimentation with over 3,000 soil types and cover crops, the SCS developed the
following relationships for watershed storage as a function of CN and initial abstraction as a
function of storage.
S- 2540-25.4
CN
(H-35)
la = 0.25
(H-36)
Combining Equations H-34 and H-35 results in
RO =
P + 0.8S
far P>0.2S
(H-37)
RO=Q for P2.8
Growing Season
<3.6
3.6 to 5.3
>5.3
Source: U.S. EPA (1985b).
These adjustments have the effect of increasing runoff under wet antecedent conditions and
decreasing runoff under dry antecedent conditions, relative to average conditions.
H-20
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
H3.2.2.2 Implementation. Recall the conceptual module for the local watershed
(Figure H-6), where the subareas may have different land uses and different curve numbers for
each subarea. Equation H-37 is nonlinear in the curve number; therefore, the method by which
the SCS procedure is applied to multiple subareas can make a significant difference in the
resulting cumulative runoff values for downslope subareas. There are essentially two options for
implementing the procedure. The first is based on runoff routing from each subarea to the next
downslope subarea. That is, the runoff depth from subarea 1 would first be calculated from
Equation H-37. The cumulative runoff depth from subareas 1 and 2 would then be calculated by
applying Equation H-37 to subarea 2 and adding (routing) the runoff depth from subarea 1. This
would be repeated for all subareas. This method is not appropriate for the sheet flow assumption
of the local watershed and can give much higher cumulative runoff depths (volumes) than would
actually occur under the sheet flow assumption. (The implicit assumption of the routing method
is that the subareas are not hydrologically connected, e.g., runoff from subarea 1 is captured in a
drainage system (non-sheet-flow) and diverted directly to the watershed outlet without passing
through/over downslope subareas.)
A different, nonrouting method is appropriate for implementing the SCS procedure for
the local (sheet flow) watershed. The method is based on determining composite curve numbers
and is analogous to the nonsoil routing implementation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation
(USLE) soil erosion module presented in Section H3.3. The methodology used for
implementing this method is illustrated by the following pseudo-code:
™,/A 4.2CM/7)
CN(I) = ^ (H-39)
10- 0.058CM//) ^ ;
nrrjjr. 23 CM//)
CM///) = ^— (H-4CH
10+0.13CM//) ( }
FORi= 1,...,N (subareas)
CNeff; = area-weighted composite CN; for all subareas j, j=l,...,i
Calculate S; from equation (3.2.2-2) using CNeff;
Calculate RO; from equation (3.2.2-1) using S;. (RO; is the average runoff depth
over all upslope subareas j,j=l,...,i).
Calculate Q; = RO^WSA; where Q; is cumulative runoff volume and WSA; is
cumulative area.
IF i = 1 THEN
HI; = RO; where Hl; is subarea-specific runoff depth for subarea i, i.e. RO; -
ELSE
HI; = (Q; - Qi.^/Aj where A; is subarea-specific surface area
IF Hl; < 0 THEN Hl; = 0
END IF
NEXTi
H-21
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
H3.2.3 Evapotranspiration
Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is the demand for soil moisture from evaporation and
plant transpiration. When soil moisture is abundant, actual evapotranspiration (ET) equals PET.
When soil moisture is limiting, ET will be less than PET. The extent to which it is less under
limiting conditions has been expressed as a function of PET, available soil water (AW), and
available soil water capacity (AWC) as shown in Equation H-41 (Dunne and Leopold, 1978):
where
and
where
FC
ET =
AWC
(H-41)
= a functional relationship of the arguments.
AW = (SM- WP)
AWC=(FC-WP)
DRZ
100
DRZ
100
(H-42)
(H-43)
WP =
= soil wilting point (% volume), which is the minimum soil moisture content
that is available to plants. (Plants can exert a maximum suction of
approximately 15 atmospheres. The wilting point is that moisture that would
not be available at 15 atmospheres.)
soil field capacity (% volume), which is the maximum soil moisture content
that can be held in the soil by capillary or osmotic forces. Soil moisture above
the field capacity is readily drained by gravity.
DRZ = depth of the root zone (cm).
The functional relationship in Equation H-41 is assumed here to be linear, so that ET
(cm) is calculated as
ET = min[PET, PET(SM WP)}
FC- WP
(H-44)
PET is estimated as described below.
The more theoretically based modules for daily evapotranspiration (e.g., the Penman-
Monteith equation [Monteith, 1965]) rely on the availability of significant daily meteorological
H-22
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
data, including temperature gradient between surface and air, solar radiation, windspeed, and
relative humidity. All of these variables may not be readily available for all application sites.
Therefore, a less data-demanding module, the Hargreaves equation (Shuttleworth, 1993), is
proposed. The Hargreaves method, which is primarily temperature-based, has been shown to
provide reasonable estimates of evaporation (Jensen, 1990) — presumably because it also
includes an implicit link to solar radiation through its latitude parameter (Shuttleworth, 1993).
The Hargreaves equation is
PET = 0.002350Aj5(^+17.8)*0.1 (H-45)
where
PET = potential evapotranspiration (cm/d)
T = mean daily air temperature (° C)
AT = difference in mean monthly maximum and mean monthly minimum air
temperature
S0 = water equivalent of extraterrestrial radiation (mm/d) and is given as (Duffie
andBeckman, 1980)
where
and
S0 = 15.392J r(ttsSin
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
ir
0 = 0.4093&H(—/- 1.405) (H-49)
365
H3.2.4 Infiltration (Recharge)
Soil moisture in excess of the soil's field capacity (FC), if not used to satisfy ET, is
available for gravity drainage from the root zone as infiltration to subroot zones (Dunne and
Leopold, 1978). This infiltration rate will, however, be limited by the root zone soil's saturated
hydraulic conductivity. Accordingly, infiltration is calculated as
IN = mm[Ksat, (SM- FQ] (H-50)
where
IN = infiltration rate (cm/d)
Ksat = saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm/d).
In the event that infiltration is limited by Ksat, the hydrology algorithm includes a
feedback loop that increases the previously calculated runoff volume by the amount of excess
soil moisture, i.e., the water above the field capacity that exceeds Ksat. This adjustment is made
to preserve water balance and is based on the assumption that the runoff curve number method,
which is only loosely sensitive to soil moisture (through the antecedent precipitation
adjustment), has admitted more water into the soil column than can be accommodated by ET,
infiltration, and/or increased soil moisture. After the runoff is increased for this excess, the ET,
infiltration, and soil moisture are updated to reflect this modification and preserve the water
balance.
H3.3 Soil Erosion
H3.3.1 General
The soil erosion module is based on the uniform soil loss equation (USLE), an empirical
methodology (see, e.g., Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) based on measured soil losses from
experimental field-scale plots in the United States for some 40,000 storms. The USLE predicts
sheet and rill erosion from hillsides upslope of defined drainage channels, such as streams. It
does not predict streambank erosion.
Let SL (kg/m2-time) denote the eroded soil flux (unit load) from a hillside area over some
time period. SL is predicted by the USLE as the product of six variables:
SL = RxKxCxpxLSxSd (H-51)
H-24
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
These variables are discussed below.
• R, the rainfall factor (I/time), accounts for the erosive (kinetic) energy of falling
raindrops, which is essentially controlled by rainfall intensity. The kinetic energy
of an individual storm times its maximum 30-minute intensity is sometimes called
the erosivity index (El) factor. R factors are developed by cumulating these
individual storm El factors. R factors have been compiled throughout the United
States on a long-term annual average basis.
• K, the soil erodibility factor (kg/m2), is an experimentally determined property
and is a function of soil type, including particle size distribution, organic content,
structure, and profile. K values are available from soil surveys and databases
such as STATSGO.
• C, the dimensionless "cropping management" factor, varies between 0 and 1
It accounts for the type of cover (e.g., sod, grass type, fallow) on the soil. C is
used to correct the USLE prediction relative to the cover type for which the
experimentally determined K values were measured (fallow or freshly plowed
fields).
• P, the dimensionless practice factor, accounts for the effect of erosion control
practices such as contouring or terracing. P is never negative, but could be
greater than 1.0 if land practices actually encourage erosion relative to the
original experimental plots on which K was measured.
• LS, the length-slope factor, accounts for the effects of the length and angle of
the slope of a field on erosion losses. LS is calculated by (U.S. EPA, 1985b) as
follows:
LSt= (.045JQ*(65.41Sm20 + 4.56SinQ + .065) (H-52)
where
Xj = flow length (m) from the point at which sheet flow
originates (the upslope drainage divide) to the point of
interest on the hillside.
6 = slope angle (degrees), where 6 may be calculated from
percent slope, S, as
0 = arctan(SyiOO) (H-53)
H-25
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
and b, the exponent, is determined as a function of S as
b = 0.5, ifS>.05
b = 0.4, if.035<=S<=.045
b = 0.3, if .01 <=S<.035
b = 0.2, if S<.01.
LS increases with increasing flow length because runoff quantity generally
increases with flow length. It increases with slope because runoff velocity
generally increases with slope.
• Sd, the sediment delivery ratio, estimates the fraction of onsite eroded soil that
reaches a particular downslope or downstream location in a watershed subbasin
(Shen and Mien, 1993). The sediment delivery ratio is used to account for
deposition of eroded soil from the local watershed in ditches, gullies, or other
depressions.
Vanoni (1975) developed the sediment delivery ratio as a function of watershed
drainage area:
Sd = a*A--ns (H-54)
where
Sd = sediment delivery ratio (dimensionless)
A = subbasin area (m2)
a = normalized to give Sd = 1.0 for an area of 0.001 mi2 as per
Vanoni (1975). (For area in m2, a = 2.67.).
H3.3.2 Daily USLE Implementation
For the LAU Module, USLE is implemented on a storm event basis using a modified
USLE procedure. This implementation requires determining a daily R value (Rt, with units of
I/day) that specifies the erosivity of each daily storm.
For this implementation of the LAU Module, Rt is allocated from published long-term
annual total R values. Published values of long-term annual total R values, which exist in the
form of isopleths across the country, are disaggregated down to a daily basis using the following
method:
Given: Long-term annual total R, Rann, for a site, (obtained from the isopleths)
Given: Number of years in the simulation, NYR.
Given: Hourly time series of precipitation amounts for the complete record of NYR
years.
H-26
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
1. Compute cumulative R over record, Rtotal = Rann x NYR
2. Compute cumulative precipitation over NYR years, PPTtotal
3. For each hourly precipitation value in the record, allocate Rtotal to that hour based
on the fraction of PPTtotal represented by the hourly precipitation. Denote an
hourly allocation as Rhour.
4. For each day of the record, cumulate all Rhour values to the daily total. The result
is Rt for each day of the NYR record.
H3.3.3 Spatial Implementation
For the local watershed application, the daily USLE is applied spatially to a hillside that
comprises N subareas (see Figure H-6). Pseudo-code for this application is
LET CSL; = cumulative soil load (kg/day) for subarea i, i.e. eroded load from subarea i
and all upslope subareas j, j = l,...,i
LET WSAj = cumulative land area (m2) upslope of and including subarea i
FORi=l,...,N
Keff- = area-weighted K; for all subareas j, j=l,...,i
Ceffj = area-weighted C; for all subareas j, j=l,...,i
Peff; = area-weighted P; for all subareas j, j=l,...,i
CSL; = R*WSAi*Keffi*Ceffi*Peffi*LSi*Sdi
NEXTi
H3.4 Chemical Fate and Transport
H3.4.1 Runoff Compartment
H3.4.1.1 Introduction. The module used to estimate chemical and suspended solids
concentrations in storm event runoff is based on mass balances of solids and chemical in the
runoff and the top soil column layer of thickness dz. The soil compartment is external to this
module (see Section H3.4.2) and results from that compartment are called as needed by the
software. A simplifying assumption is made that solids and chemical concentrations in the runoff
are at instantaneous steady-state during each individual runoff event, but can vary among runoff
events (i.e., a quasi-dynamic approach). The assumption of instantaneous steady-state for each
storm event is appropriate for the following reasons:
• Run time considerations (i.e., maximize the numerical time step).
• Data are not available at the temporal scale to accurately track within-storm event
conditions (e.g., rainfall hyetographs).
• Because of the anticipated relatively small surface areas of the watershed
subareas and the associated relatively small runoff volumes, the actual time to
H-27
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Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
steady-state may not differ significantly from the 1 day or less implicitly assumed
here. (A sensitivity analysis was performed using a dynamic form of the runoff
compartment module that suggested relatively little difference in soil
concentrations as a function of the steady-state versus dynamic assumption.)
• To the extent that the actual time to steady-state would be greater than 1 day, the
module is biased toward overestimating downslope concentrations and waterbody
loads (i.e., it is a protective assumption from the risk standpoint).
Figure H-8 presents the conceptual runoff quality module showing the two compartments
and the fate and transport processes considered. Development of mass balance equations for
solids and chemical follow.2
H3.4.1.2 Solids in Runoff Compartment. A steady-state mass balance of solids in the
runoff (i.e., suspended solids from erosion), written for arbitrary local watershed subarea i is
given by the following equation (in the subsequent module development, units are presented in
general dimensional format, i.e., M(ass)-L(ength)-T(ime), for simplicity of presentation):
Runon Flow
Partitioning
Dissolved
Particulate
RUNOFF
Runoff Flow
Diffusion
Settling
Resuspension
SURFACE SOIL
^
Burial/erosionl
Figure H-8. Runoff quality conceptual model.
Hydrolysis, volatilization, and biodegradation processes are not simulated in the runoff compartment. The
percentage of time that runoff is actually occurring will be sufficiently short that any additional losses from these
processes should be minimal. In addition, these processes are continuously simulated in the surface layer of the soil
column. To also include them in the runoff compartment would be double-counting.
H-28
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Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
(H-55)
CSL.
z-l
(H-56)
(H-57)
where
m
VS;
vr;
Q'i
CSL;
P
solids concentration (M/L3) in the subarea i runoff (suspended solids)
solids concentration (M/L3) in the top soil column layer of subarea i
runoff flow (L3/T) leaving subarea i
runon flow (L3/T) from subarea i-1
surface area (L2) of subarea i
settling velocity (L/T)
resuspension velocity (L/T)
total runoff flow volume (L3/T) (water plus solids) leaving subarea i
cumulative soil load leaving subarea i (M/T)
particle density (M/L3) (i.e., 2.65 g/m3).
(Note: Subscript "1" denotes the runoff compartment while "2" denotes the top soil column layer
compartment.) The first term in Equation H-55 a is the flux of soil across the upslope interface
of subarea i. The second term is the flux of soil across the downslope interface. The third term is
an internal sink of soil due to settling, and the fourth term is an internal source due to
resuspension.
3.4.1.3 Solids in Soil Compartment. The GSCM does not consider chemical mass
transport among watershed subareas due to soil erosion, because it is based on a single subarea
only. Therefore, that transport is considered here. The assumption is made that solids mass
transport from or to the soil compartment of any given watershed subarea occurs only in a
vertical direction, i.e., no downgradient advection of the top soil column layer itself is
considered. (This is analogous to the assumption of a stationary sediment bed in stream/sediment
quality modules.) The downslope mass transport of soil occurs due to vertical erosion or
resuspension of soil followed by advective transport of the soil in the runoff water as suspended
solids. The transport is described in terms of three parameters — settling, resuspension, and
burial/erosion velocities. Under the assumption of no advective transport of the soil column
layer, the steady-state mass balance equation for the surficial soil layer is
0 = vsjmliAi-vrim2iAi-vbjm2iAi
(H-58)
H-29
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where
vb; = burial/erosion velocity (L/T).
The first term of Equation H-58 is a source of soil mass to the surficial soil column layer
due to settling from the overlying runoff water. The second term is a sink from resuspension.
The third term is either a source or a sink depending on the sign of the burial/erosion velocity as
described below.
Consider the solids balances in the runoff and soil compartments, Equations H-55
through H-58. These equations involve three parameters—vs, vr, and vb—and two solids
concentrations—ml and m2. Which of these five variables is known for arbitrary subarea i? It
can be assumed that the solids concentration in the soil (m2) is a known value—it is simply the
bulk soil density. Consider now the suspended solids concentration in subarea i, nij;. From the
soil erosion module, the total solids mass fluxes moving across both the upslope and downslope
interfaces of subarea i are known, and these two fluxes are, respectively, the first two terms on
the right side of Equation H-55 ml; can then be determined as
m
,., = CSLt/Q't (H-59)
where CSL; is the cumulative soil load leaving subarea i, as determined by the soil erosion
module, and Q'; is the cumulative runoff flow volume (including solids' volume) leaving
subarea i, as determined by the runoff quantity model. Therefore, because the soil concentration
(m2) is assumed to be known and the soil erosion and runoff quantity modules can be used to
determine the suspended solids concentrations (the mu), Equations H-55 through H-58 can now
be considered as two equations in three unknowns, vs, vr, and vb.
The settling (vs) and resuspension (vr) parameters reflect processes internal to subarea i,
while the burial/erosion parameter (vb) reflects net changes across subarea i and is completely
determined by the difference in the soil fluxes entering and leaving subarea i. This can be seen
by adding the right-hand sides of Equations H-55 and H-58 and setting the result to zero. All
terms involving vs and vr cancel, and the burial/erosion velocity is then given by
CSL. . - CSL.
where CSLM and CSL; denote the soil fluxes into and out of subarea i, respectively, as discussed
above. From Equation H-60 it can be seen that, if the soil load entering subarea i (CSLM) is
greater than the soil load leaving (CSL;), then the burial/erosion velocity is positive and soil is
being deposited (buried). Conversely, as will typically be the case, if the load leaving is greater
than the load entering, then the burial/erosion velocity will be negative and erosion is occurring
in an upward direction.
H-30
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Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
Consider now vs and vr. With the net soil flux across the subarea having been
determined, Equations H-55 and H-58 are in fact the same equation — the burial velocity term is
explicitly shown in Equation H-58 and implicitly shown in Equation H-55. Thus, either
Equation H-55 or H-58 represents one equation in two unknowns, vs and vr. If one of these is
known, the other can be solved for. Of the two, the resuspension velocity would be very difficult
to obtain estimates for, while the settling velocity could be assumed similar to, for example,
hindered or compaction settling in sludge thickeners. Accordingly, vr as a function of vs (and
vb, which is determined as per Equation H-60 is given for subarea i by
m, .
vr = vs — '-- vb, (H-61)
, ,
The settling velocity, vs, is assigned values from a uniform random distribution between
the range 0.05 and 1.0 m/d, based on observed settling velocities for "mineral" sludges in sludge
thickening experiments.
In summary, because m2 is assumed known and ml is calculated from results of the soil
erosion and runoff modules, the solids mass balance equations are used to determine the
burial/erosion and resuspension parameters for subsequent use in the chemical (contaminant)
model.
H3.4.1.4 Contaminant in Runoff Compartment. As illustrated in Figure H-8, a
steady-state mass balance of contaminant in the runoff results in the equation
Fd Fd
0 = -- ' - 1
where
cu = total contaminant concentration (particulate + dissolved) in runoff in
subarea i (M/L3)
c2i = total contaminant concentration in soil (M/L3)
Vu = subarea-specific (not cumulative) runoff volume for subarea i (L3)
Fpj; = fraction particulate in runoff
Fdu = fraction dissolved in runoff (l-Fpi;)
vd; = diffusive exchange velocity (L/T)
Er; = enrichment ratio
$u = is the porosity of the runoff, calculated as
H-31
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
(H-63)
where p is the density (M/L3) of suspended solids (e.g., 2.65 g/cm3).
O2 = soil porosity, calculated as
,
$2 = 1 - — (H-64)
Note that cj)2 is equivalent to porosity (r|) in the GSCM.
The diffusive flux term in Equation H-62 (last term) deserves some explanation regarding
the porosities. Recall that the concentration is a total concentration (sorbed plus dissolved)
expressed as mass of chemical per total volume (solids plus water) in either the soil or the runoff
water. Multiplication of the total concentration by Fd converts total concentration to dissolved
concentration, but still based on total volume. Thus, the runoff water and soil porosities are
included in the denominators to express the dissolved concentration per volume of water, i.e. the
actual pore water (or runoff water) concentration. Regarding the soil porosity in the vd; Aj O2
term, O2 is there used to account for the fact that diffusion of dissolved chemical will only occur
across the interstitial area, not the entire interface area.
Equation H-62 can be used to express cu as a function of Cy.j and c2ji as
_
' (- }
where c2i is determined by the GSCM as described in Section H2. Determination of the
individual terms constituting this equation are described below.
Fpi; is calculated as (Thomann and Mueller, 1987)
FPli- (H-66)
1 i + *
H-32
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where
kd = chemical-specific partition coefficient (L3/M) (Note: kd is divided by
porosity to attain the porosity-corrected kd with units of mass per total
[liquid plus solids] volume.)
Fp2i is similarly calculated as
Fp" - ifiSL (!M7)
where it can be seen that Fp2 (and Fd2) will be constant among all subareas i.
Fdj; and Fd2i are then determined as
(H-68)
= l-Fpv (H-69)
Under the assumption that resistance to vertical diffusion is much greater in the soil than
in the runoff (Thomann and Mueller, 1987, p. 548), the diffusive exchange velocity, vd;, can be
expressed as
, Dw
vdf = — (H-70)
where
Dw = water diffusivity (L2/T).
Lc = characteristic mixing length (L) over which a concentration gradient
exists; assumed to be the depth of the runoff volume including the solids
(HI'):
Lc = Hl't= -^ (H-71)
The enrichment ratio, Er;, is used to account for preferential erosion of finer soil
particles — with higher specific surface areas and more sorbed chemical per unit area — as
rainfall intensity decreases. That is, large (highly erosive) runoff events may result in average
eroded soil particle sizes and associated sorbed chemical loads that do not differ much from the
average sizes/loads in the surficial soil column layer. However, less intense runoff events will
H-33
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
erode the finer materials and resulting chemical loads could be significantly higher than
represented by the average soil concentration. U.S. EPA et al. (1985) give the storm event-
specific enrichment ratio as a power function of sediment discharge flux (M/L2). This
formulation results in
Er = a
(H"72)
where a = 7.39 for CSL/WSA; in kg/ha (U.S. EPA, 1985b). (CSL; is the event soil load leaving
subarea i and WSA; is the local watershed surface area from the drainage divide down to and
including subarea i.). The enrichment ratio is greater than or equal to 1.0. Should specific
values of the sediment discharge (the denominator) result in an enrichment ratio less than 1.0, it
is reset to 1 .0 in the code.
H3.4.2 Soil Compartment
The GSCM (see Section H2.2) is coupled to the runoff compartment module (see
Section H3.4. 1) in this section and applied to the several subareas that constitive the sheet flow
local watershed of which the LAU or wastepile is an integral part. Continuing the chemical
concentration indexing scheme (i.e., subscript "1" denoting runoff compartment, and subscript
"2" denoting surficial soil compartment), let the total (dissolved, particulate, and gaseous phase)
chemical concentration in the surficial soil column layer of any local watershed subarea i be
denoted as C2ji. (C2ji is equivalent to CT in the GSCM description.) From Section H2.2 (GSCM),
the governing differential equation for the surface soil layer of subarea i is
—= DE - VE-± - ££.C2. + ss{ (H-73)
8t E dz2 dz J 2'1 ^ }
where kj represents first-order rate constant due to process j not including runoff erosion
processes, i.e., biological decay and hydrolysis and wind/mechanical action. The last term, ss;, is
a source/sink term representing the net effect of runoff and erosion processes on C2; as illustrated
in Figure H-8. This term is given by
FdM
vsFp, .C. . - vrFp-ErC,. - vd$J—^ C9. - —-C, .) - vb.Fp7C7.
$ 2,, ~ 1, 2,
where vs;, vr;, vb;, and vd; denote, respectively, the settling, resuspension, burial/erosion and
diffusive exchange velocities for subarea i as described in the runoff compartment model. Thus,
the terms comprising ss; are, respectively, a source of chemical due to settling from the overlying
runoff water, a sink of chemical due to resuspension, and a source or sink (depending on the
relative values of Ci; and C2i) due to chemical diffusion from/to the runoff.
H-34
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Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
The burial/erosion mechanism introduces a minor mass balance error into the model.
The module for surface soil/runoff water fate and transport (Section H3.4.1) is based on a
conceptual module originally developed for use in a stream/sediment application (e.g., Thomann
and Mueller, 1987) where the sediment compartment location relative to a reference point below
the surface can move vertically ("float") as burial and erosion occur. In that moving frame of
reference, burial/erosion of contaminant does not introduce a mass balance error because, with
respect to the modeled sediment, this sink/source of contaminant is exogenous to the modeled
system, i.e., it is coming from/going to outside of the modeled system. There is internal
(endogenous) mass balance consistency within the modeled system. However, the frame of
reference is not allowed to float, but is fixed by the elevation of the lower boundary, e.g., top of
the vadose zone. Thus, if sorbed chemical is eroded from the surface cell, that surface cell,
which is vertically fixed, must have a "source" that is internal to the modeled soil column to
compensate for this sink or its internal mass balance is not maintained. The magnitude of this
mass balance error is equal to the mass of eroded soil from the surface over the duration of the
simulation times its average sorbed chemical concentration. In most cases, this error as a
percentage of the total chemical mass in the modeled LAU will be quite small, and that has been
confirmed in multiple executions of the module. Conceptually at least, the GSCM could be
designed so that, after each runoff event, the surficial soil compartment could decrease or
increase in size to accommodate the event's erosion/burial magnitude, while maintaining a fixed
vertical reference.
Grouping coefficients of Cu and C2i, Equation H-74 can be rewritten as
ssi = flA,r biC2,i ~ kbu,iC2,i (H-75)
where
a -
dz
/r. + vdfd2.
dz (H-77)
Vb
i
J
dz
(H-78)
and kbui is the first-order rate constant (1/T) associated with the burial/erosion process.
Using Equation H-75, Equation H-73 can be rewritten as
= DE - - - VE- ~ **A,- + aiCM ~ biC2t ~ khuiC2i (H-79)
-w h 2 ^ 3_ J 2>* * 1>! * 2>' "u>1 2>' v '
H-35
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
From Equation H-79, it can be seen that C2 ; is a function of Cu. Similarly, from
Equation H-65 of the runoff compartment module, it can be seen that Cu is a function of C2i.
Thus, C2i and Cu are jointly determined at any time t by simultaneous solution of their two
respective equations.
C2 ; at time t can be determined by substitution for Cu. From the runoff compartment
module (Equation H-65), Cu can be expressed as
C,,- = - C2,, (H-80)
"2,i "2,i
where
Fdu
d2i = Q't+vsiAF'P\i+vdiAP2-r^ (H-82)
Substituting for Cu from Equation H-80 into Equation H-79, the differential equation for
C2i is now expressed implicitly as a function of Ci; as
dC~. &Cj. 6C, . ad,.
--D- r - (*> + *• + ^ - )
Once C2i at time t is determined by solution of Equation H-83, the associated value for
Cy can be found from Equation H-80, thus completing the simultaneous solution. (The value for
Cy.j, i.e., the runoff concentration in the immediately upslope subarea, will have been
determined previously during the simultaneous solution for the i-1 subarea at time t.)
To implement the simultaneous solution, Equation H-83 can be simplified to
dC,.
— = DE — " VE — " ki'C2i + ldi 1 (H-84)
dt dz2 dz
where
K = ^K -\- If -\- IT /TT O C\
«, . uij T «,gV;. -t- «.6u>. (H-5i)
H-36
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
d,.
kw = bi ~ ai -T- (H-86)
(H-87)
kevi is the storm event (or runoff and erosion) first-order loss rate, k'; is the lumped first-order
loss rate which includes the effects of abiotic hydrolysis (j=hy), aerobic biodegradation (j=aeX
and wind/mechanical activity (j=wd), in addition to runoff and erosion. khy and kae are inputs to
the module, and kwd is calculated using the methodologies detailed in Appendix H-A. The last
term, ldM is the run-on load from upslope subareas in g/m3/d.
Recall that in the GSCM, the governing equation is broken up into three component
equations—diffusion, convection, and first-order losses (Equations H-15 through H-17), each
solved individually on a grid. In the subsurface layers, the solution technique described in
Section 2 is applied directly. However, for the surface soil column layer, the first two-component
equations remain the same, while the third is revised to
dC2.
—^ = - k'C2. + ld{_ t (H-88)
dt
which has the following analytical solution for C2ji = C 2,i at t = 0:
o 1 - exp(-&',0
c^Ciexp(-*V)+«,,[ - *T^' *<>0 (H-89>
c°, + «,_,« fr;.= o
To track mass losses, the total mass added to the soil column in subarea i in any time
period zero to t due to settling from runoff water, Madd,; (M/L2), is evaluated using
Madd,i = ldi- \* dz (H-90)
A mass balance on the soil column in time t gives
= Madd,i ~ Mloss,i
H-37
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where AM; (M/L2) is the change in mass in the soil column in subarea i as given by ((C2i -
C°2i)*dz) and Mloss; (M/L2) is the total mass lost from the subarea i soil column in any time
period zero to t. By substituting Equation H-49 for C2i and Equation H-90 for Maddi and
rearranging, the following equation for Mlossi was derived for k'>0. For k';= 0, Mlossi = 0.
k'.t
(H-92)
The total mass lost in any time period zero to t from subarea i soil column can be
attributed to specific first-order loss processes, j, Mj(t) (M/L2) using
.
Mj,i = Mioss,i 77 (H-93)
K
where
j = hy for hydrolysis,
j = ae for aerobic degradation,
j = wd for losses due to wind/mechanical activity,
j = ev for runoff/erosion events, and
j = bu for burial/erosion.
Equation H-80 provides the contaminant concentration in the runoff water at time t. The
average contaminant concentration in the runoff water (Cu) over time 0 to t is determined using
- __ + - (H_94)
d2,i d2,i
where C2i is the time-weighted average contaminant concentration in the soil compartment over
the same time period. Given the short time step (i.e., 1 day) used in the integration of the local
watershed/soil column module, C2iis approximated using
C2,i = - 1* (H-95)
where the 0 superscript denotes concentration at the beginning of the day.
H-38
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Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
H3.5 Implementation
H3.5.1 Overview
An overview of the algorithm implementing the combined local watershed/soil column
modules is provided in Figures H-9 and H-10. Some additional differences from the GSCM
general algorithm (Section H2.4.1) are noted. In the GSCM, it is assumed that infiltration is
constant and convection events occur at regular intervals throughout the entire simulation. (With
a convection event, soil column concentrations are propagated downward and Mlcha is
incremented.) In the local watershed/soil column modules, the infiltration rate (I) is allowed to
vary from year to year. As a result, convection events do not occur at regular intervals. To
determine the appropriate time to initiate a convection event, at the end of every time step a
variable (fadv) tracking the fraction of mass in the bottom soil column layer that would have
convected is incremented by (dt-VE/dz). If fadv is sufficiently close to 1, a convection event is
initiated and fadv is reset to zero. At the end of the simulation (year = NyrMax), if fadv is
greater than zero.
Mlcha is incremented by fadv times dz times CT in the lowest layer and CT in the lowest
layer is adjusted accordingly. Leachate flux for the final year is then calculated using
Equation H-31.
H3.5.2 Simulation-Stopping Criterion
For a given local watershed, i, the simulation is stopped in each successive subarea when
the amount of contaminant mass in local watershed i and all upslope subareas j (j < i) is
determined to be insignificant. "Insignificance" is defined by the input parameter TermFrac, and
this simulation criterion is implemented as follows:
1. During the years before the end of the operating life of the LAU, the year-end
cumulative subarea contaminant mass in each subarea is determined. Here,
cumulative subarea mass (samass;) refers to the sum of the contaminant mass in
subarea i and all upslope subareas j (j < i). The maximum cumulative subarea
contaminant mass (max_samassi) is stored for each subarea.
2. After LAU operation ceases, the year-end cumulative subarea contaminant mass
in each subarea is compared to the stored maximum for that subarea. The
simulation in subarea i is stopped when
f < TermFrac* maxsamassi
where "TermFrac" is the user-specified fraction ranging from 0 to 1.0 (unless the
NyrMax parameter is reached first, at which point the simulation is automatically
stopped). The year the simulation ceases in each local watershed and subarea is
stored in an internal two-dimensional array dimensioned on local watershed and
subarea.
H-3 9
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Next year, y = y + 1
For all subareas, get daily and annual average I, Q, CSL
Next subarea, i = i + 1
Get time constant subarea soil column parameters
Calculate annually variable subarea soil column parameters
Calculate time step dt (d) and diffusion fractions
No No
Next time step, t = t + dt
Diffusion: Update CT. Increment Mvol, Mlchd.
First order losses, surface: Calculated daily.
(See Figure 3.5-1 b)
No
First order losses, subsurface: Update CT. Increment Mlossj
(j = ae.an, or hy)
Convection: Propagate CT down as needed. Increment W|cha.
Output annual average fluxes and
surface CT. Initialize M's.
7
Output annual average load to
waterbody
7
Figure H-9. Overview of algorithm for combined local watershed/soil column module.
H-40
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Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Increment Mln=s: Q = ny, ae, wd, ev)
No Increment load to waterbody
No
I
Update CTJ
I
Increment Mlossj Q = hy, ae, wd)
Yes
Continue
I with I
\Flowchart 1/
^owcnary
Figure H-10. Detail on calculation of first-order losses in surface layer.
H-41
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Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
(Note: As of this writing, computer memory requirements have resulted in an inability to make
full use of the above-described TermFrac stopping critierion for highly persistent chemicals.
Time series outputs are kept in random access memory [RAM] for postprocessing. When the
length of the time series becomes excessive with respect to array sizes and available RAM,
memory-cacheing occurs with a concomitant drastic slowdown in run time. To mitigate this
problem, it was determined that the length of the time series would be determined by the
TermFrac criterion, as described above, or 200 years, whichever comes first.)
H3.5.3 Leachate Flux Processing
Preliminary module runs indicated that there are many cases where the convective
transfer step will occur less than once per year, sometimes even less than once in the entire
simulation period. In these cases the leachate flux will be nonzero in the years when a
convection event occurs and zero in years when it did not. This is a limitation of the solution
technique. In reality, leaching occurs more or less continuously over the time between the
modeled convection events. To mitigate this limitation, a leachate flux postprocessing algorithm
was developed. The entire simulation (0 < j
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
subarea "soil columns." The mass balance error (fMerr) is computed as a fraction of the total
contaminant mass added to the system from the mass balance equation
fMerr = 1 - (fMrem + /Most)
(H-97)
where fMrem is the fraction of total contaminant mass added that remains in the system at the
end of the simulation. fMlost is the fraction of the contaminant mass added that was estimated to
have been lost from the system by the end of the simulation. fMlost is the sum of the variables
listed and defined in Table H-2.
Table H-2. Variables Summarizing Contaminant Mass Losses
Variable
fMvol wmu
fMlch wmu
fMwnd wmu
fMdeg_wmu
fMrmv_wmua
fMvol_sa
fMlch_sa
fMdeg_sa
fMswl
fMburb
Definition:
Fraction of the total mass added lost due to
Volatilization from the LAU
Leaching from the LAU
Wind/mechanical action on the LAU surface
Abiotic and biodegradation within the LAU
Removal from the LAU
Volatilization from the non-LAU subarea soil columns
Leaching from the non-LAU subarea soil columns
Abiotic and biodegradation in the non-LAU subarea soil columns
Runoff/erosion from the most downslope subarea
Burial/erosion in all subareas (see kbu in Equation H-87)
a Applies only to the wastepile, which is removed and refreshed regularly. See Section 3.7 for details.
b fMbur is the only variable listed that can be negative (indicating a mass gain). This results from the
inclusion of a burial/erosion term in linking the runoff and soil compartments. See Figure H-8 and the
discussion of the meaning of the burial/erosion term in Section H3.4.2.
Time series outputs are reported as follows:
• Outputs to Air Module. All annnual time series outputs to ISCST3 are reported
up to and including the last year that there is nonzero VE or CE. Thus, the annual
time series outputs to the air model are all the same length.
• Outputs to the Groundwater Model. The annual time series of LeachFlux for
each local watershed is reported up to and including the last year that there is a
nonzero LeachFlux in any local watershed. This results in the same reported
LeachFlux time series length for all local watersheds. After this, all LeachFlux
values for all local watersheds will be zero and are not reported. Annlnfil is
reported from year one to the last year that meteorological data are available.
H-43
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Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
H3.6 Output Summary
Table H3-3 summarizes the outputs of the combined local watershed/soil column
module.
Outputs to Surface Water. The annual time series of SWLoadChem are reported
up to and including the last year that there is nonzero SWLoadChem in any local
watershed. This results in the same reported SWLoadChem time series length for
all local watersheds. SWLoadSolid and Runoff are reported for all local
watersheds up to the last year that meteorological data are available.
Outputs to Fate and Transport Model. The annual time series of CTda is reported
to the the last year of nonzero CTda in each local watershed and subarea. Thus,
the length of the reported time series for CTda in each local watershed and
subarea may differ. The same is true for CTss.
Table H3-3. Output Summary for the LAU Model
Variable
Documentation
I
Jvol
CE30
E30
pmf
Q
Jlch
Name3
Code
Annlnfil
VE
VEYR
VENY
CE
CEYR
CENY
PESO
PE30YR
PE30NY
PMF
PMFYR
PMFNY
Runoff
LeachFlux
LeachFluxYR
Definition
Leachate infiltration rate (annual avg., WMU subarea(s)
only)
Volatile emission rate
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Constituent mass emission rate-PM30
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Eroded solids mass emission rate-PM30
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Paniculate emission particle size distribution
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Runoff flow to waterbody
Leachate contaminant flux
Year associated with output
Units
m/d
g/m2/d
Year
Unitless
g/m2/d
Year
Unitless
g/m2/d
Year
Unitless
Mass frac.
Year
Unitless
m3/d
g/m2/d
Year
(continued)
H-44
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Table 3-3. (continued)
Variable
Documentation
LeachFluxNY
CSL
Cl
CT
CT
Name3
Code
LeachFluxNY
SWLoadChem
SWLoadChemYr
SWLoadChemNY
SWLoadSolid
SWConcTot
SWConcTotYR
SWConcTotNY
CTss
CTssYR
CTssNY
CTda
CTdaYR
CTdaNY
SrcSoil
SrcOvl
SrcLeachMet
SrcLeachSrc
SrcVE
SrcCE
SrcH2O
NyrMet
Definition
Number of years in outputs
Chemical load to waterbody
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Total suspended solids load to waterbody
Total chemical concentration in surface water runoff
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Soil concentration in surface soil layer
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Depth-weighted average soil concentration (from zava to
zavb)
Year associated with output
Number of years in outputs
Flag for soil presence (true)
Flag for overland flow presence (true)
Flag for leachate presence when leachate is met-driven
(true)
Flag for leachate presence when leachate is not met-driven
(false)
Flag for volatile emissions presence (true)
Flag for chemical sorbed to particulates emissions presence
(true)
Flag for surface water presence for eco-exposure (false)
Number of years in the available met record
Units
Unitless
g/d
year
Unitless
g/d
mg/L
Year
Unitless
Hg/g
Year
Unitless
Hg/g
Year
Unitless
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
Logical
Unitless
' Where the variable name is used in the code but not in the documentation, the first column is left blank.
H-45
-------
Appendix H
Source Model for Land Application Units
Volatilization
*8°l3
^
,
Bin/chemical
tion
irticulate emissions
-\_ Volatilization
Leaching
Leaching
Figure H-ll. Illustration of LAU in local watershed.
H3.7 Land Application Unit
H3.7.1 Introduction
Section H3.4 presented the local watershed/soil column module. This section discusses
LAU-specific issues in implementation. Figure H-l 1 illustrates the LAU in the local watershed
conceptual module.
H3.7.2 Additional Assumptions
• Waste is applied to the soil surface periodically at even intervals (e.g., quarterly)
and then tilled or mixed into the top layer of soil to a depth of ztm (m).
• Till zone (z = 0 to ztm) is completely mixed upon each application of waste to soil.
The modeled soil column consists of one homogeneous zone, the till zone,
consisting of a soil/waste mixture. The till zone properties (pbtill, foctill) can be
estimated as the depth-weighted average of the soil (pbs, focs) and waste
properties (pb w, focw) according to the depth of soil (ds, m) and waste (dw, m) in
the till zone. To illustrate, an example using pbis presented below.
Pb,tai
(H-98)
-till
(H-99)
H-46
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where W is the wet waste mass loading for a single application, determined as
w
(H-100)
Pb,w
where Rappl is the wet waste application rate (Mg/m2-y), sd is the weight percent
solids in the waste, Nappl is the number of waste applications per year, pb,s (g/cm3)
is the dry bulk density of the soil estimated from r|s using Equation H-106, and
Pb,w (g/cm3) is the dry bulk density.
R , • sd/WQ
W= -!BL- -
Nappl
The water added to the LAU contained in the wet waste increases the annual
average infiltration rate (I) by
IK*
365
(H-102)
The contaminant mass is concentrated in the solids portion of the waste and is re-
partitioned among the solid, aqueous, and gas phases in the soil column.
The waste added to the till zone does not significantly affect the hydraulic
properties of the till zone. Thus, the hydraulic properties of the soil (Ksat, SMb) are
used in Equation H-13 to determine the water content if the till zone. Although
the waste may affect the hydraulic properties of the till zone, there is no way of
determining this effect theoretically.
Total porosity of the till zone (r|tm) is estimated using the following relationship
for porous media (Freeze and Cherry, 1979):
(H-103)
Waste applications do not result in significant buildup of the soil surface, nor does
erosion significantly degrade the soil surface (i.e., the distance from the site
surface (z = 0) to a fixed point below the surface is constant). As a result, there is
no naturally occurring limit to the modeled CT other than the limit for NAPLs. In
other words, the modeled contaminant concentration in the till zone could exceed
the contaminant concentration in the waste. Indeed, this is physically possible for
H-47
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
highly immobile constituents if the waste matrix is organic and decomposes,
leaving behind the constituent to concentrate over multiple applications.
• The LAU is operated for yop years.
• The first-order chemical and biological loss processes in the till zone include
aerobic biodegradation (kae, 1/d) and hydrolysis (khy, 1/d).
• The first-order loss rate due to wind erosion and other surface disturbances (kwd,
1/d) is applied to the surface layer of the till zone only and is calculated each year
as an annual average with consideration of losses from an active LAU due to
wind erosion, vehicular activity on the surface of the LAU, and tilling operations.
The particulate emission loss rate from an inactive LAU includes wind erosion
only. Appendix H-A outlines the estimation procedures for kwd.
• The annual average infiltration rate (I, m/d) is determined using the method
described in Section H3.2.4 (I is the same as IN in Section H3.2.4) with
consideration of the properties of the till zone only.
• As described in Section H3.4, the topmost soil column layer in the GSCM
developed for the LAU serves as the soil compartment in the watershed/soil
column algorithm (see Figure H-8). For the purposes of applying the
watershed/soil column algorithm, it is assumed that the appropriate depth for the
soil column surface layer (dz) is 0.01 m. In the LAU module, dz = 0.01 m is used
for the entire till zone.
H3.7.3 Initial Conditions
The simulation starts immediately following the first application of waste, at which time
the till zone is well-mixed. Initial conditions are
C
W -C' • f
'' ^T,w Jw
z,t=0
zai
(H-104)
where C'Tw is the initial total contaminant concentration in the dry waste, calculated by dividing
the total mass-based concentration in the wet waste (input by the user as CTPwaste in the LAU
code) by sd/100.
During the operating lifetime of the LAU (t < 365yop), with each application of waste the
initial condition in the till zone is reset to account for the contaminant mass added as well as any
contaminant mass remaining in the till zone from previous applications.
W-C' -f
T,w J wmu TTZ
t,u
H-48
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
where j is the waste application counter index = 1,2,3..., CTZ (z,t) (g/m3) is the depth-weighted
average total contaminant concentration at time t averaged over a depth of z, and tbet is the time
between applications:
365
^et ~ T;— (H-106)
H4.0 References
Abramowitz, M. and I. A. Stegun (eds.). 1970. Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover
Publications, Inc., New York, NY.
Chow, Ven Te, David R. Maidment, and Larry W. Mays. 1988. Applied Hydrology. McGraw-
Hill, Inc., New York, NY.
Clapp, R.B., and G.M. Hornberger. 1978. Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic
properties. Water Resources Research 14: 601-605.
Cowherd, C., G. E. Muleski, P. J. Englehart, and D. A. Gillette. 1985. Rapid Assessment of
Exposure to Paniculate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites. EPA/600/8-
85/002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. February.
Duffie, John A., and William A. Beckman. 1980. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY.
Dunne, Thomas, and Luna B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York.
Freeze, R. Allan, and John A. Cherry. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood
Cliffs, NJ.
Jensen, M.E., R.D. Burman, and R.G. Allen. 1990. Evapotranspiration and irrigation water
requirements. ASCEManual70:332.
Jost, W. 1960. Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, Gases. Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY. Third
Printing (with Addendum).
Jury, W. A., W. F. Spencer, and W. J. Farmer. 1983. Behavior assessment model for trace
organics in soil: I. Model description. Journal of Environmental Quality 12(4):558-564.
October.
Jury, William A., David Russo, Gary Streile, and Hesham El Abd. 1990. Evaluation of
volatilization by organic chemicals residing below the soil surface. Water Resources
Research 26(1): 13-20. January.
H-49
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
Lightle, D. T. and Glenn Weesies. 1998. Default slope parameters. Memorandum to Scott
Guthrie (RTI) from D. T. Lightle and Glenn Weesies (USDA, Natural Resources
Conservation Service), West Lafayette, IN. June 8.
Millington, R. J., and J. P. Quirk. 1961. Permeability of porous solids. Transactions of the
Faraday Society 57(7): 1200-1207. July.
Monteith, J. L. 1965. Evaporation and Environment. In: Syposia of the Society for Experimental
Biology: Number XIX. pp. 205-234, Academic Press, Inc., Publishers, New York, NY.
Richardson, C. W., G. R. Foster, and D. A. Wright. 1983. Estimation of erosion index from
daily rainfall amount. Transactions oftheASAE26(l):l53-l56.
Shan, Chao, and Daniel B. Stephens. 1995. An analytical solution for vertical transport of
volatile chemicals in the vadose zone. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 18:259-277.
Shen, Hsieh Wen, and Pierre Y. Julien. 1993. Chapter 12: Erosion and sediment transport. In:
Handbook of Hydrology, David R. Maidment (ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY.
pp. 12-12.
Shuttleworth, W. James. 1993. Chapter 4: Evaporation. In: Handbook of Hydrology, David R.
Maidment (ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY. pp. 4-4.
Thomann, Robert V., and John A. Mueller. 1987. Principles of Surface Water Quality
Modeling and Control. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., New York, NY.
USDA (Department of Agriculture). 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. TR-55.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Engineering Division, Soil Conservation Service,
Washington, DC. pp. 2-5. June.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1985a. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors. Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources (Fourth Edition). AP-42. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1985b. Water Quality Assessment. A Screening
Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants in Surface and Ground Water-Parti.
(Revised). EPA/600/6-85/002a. Office of Research and Development, Environmental
Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. September.
Vanoni, Vito A. (ed.). 1975. Sedimentation Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers,
New York, NY.
Williams, Jimmy R. 1975. Sediment-yield prediction with universal equation using runoff
energy factor. In: Present and Prospective Technology for Predicting Sediment Yields
and Sources. ARS-S-40, 1972, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
H-50
-------
Appendix H Source Model for Land Application Units
Wischmeier, W. H., and D. D. Smith. 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses. A guide to
conservation planning. In: Agricultural Handbook. 537 Edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, DC.
H-51
-------
Appendix H
Attachment A:
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
-------
-------
Appendix H-A
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
Appendix H
Attachment A:
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
(Symbols listed in tables in Appendix H-C, Particulate Emission Equations, are not
repeated here.)
Table H-A-1. Symbols, Units, and Definitions
Symbol
1j
n
da
*«
dv
*W
Pb
Pbj
wet
Pb.w
A
a,
bcm
b,
C'T
C'T,W
C2,,
Ca
CL
Csol
L
CN
Units
—
—
—
—
—
—
g/cm3
g/cm3
g/cm3
m2
1/d
—
1/d
mg/g
mg/g
g/m3
g/m3
g/m3
g/m3
unitless
Definition
total porosity where j is a subscript indicating waste, w; waste/soil mixture in the
till zone, till; and soil, s
total porosity
soil volumetric air content
soil volumetric air content where j is a subscript indicating waste, w; waste/soil
mixture in the till zone, till; and soil, s
soil volumetric water content
soil volumetric water content where j is a subscript indicating waste, w; waste/soil
mixture in the till zone, till; and soil, s
soil dry bulk density. Same as m2. (Note: g/cm3 =Mg/m3)
dry bulk density where j is a subscript indicating waste, w; waste/soil mixture in
the till zone, till; and soil, s
wet bulk density of LAU waste
areaofWMU
calculated parameter (Equation H-76) for subarea i
lower coil column boundary condition multiplier
calculated parameter (Equation H-77) for subarea i
total mass-based contaminant concentration in dry soil
total mass-based contaminant concentration in incoming dry waste
contaminant concentration in surface soil grid space in subarea i (equivalent to
CT)
contaminant concentration in gaseous phase in soil
contaminant concentration in aqueous phase in soil
contaminant aqueous solubility
SCS runoff module Curve Number parameter
(continued)
H-A-3
-------
Appendix H-A
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
Table H-A-1. (continued)
Symbol
Q
CSL,t
CT
LTO
du
d2.
Da
DE
DE,a
DE,V
Df
Df0
DRZ
ds
dt
dv
Dw
dz
ERt
ETit
FC,
foe
foCj
h
H'
I
IN,t
Jlch
^vol
k
Tf
Kbu,i
Kd
Units
mg/g
kg
g/m3
g/m3
m3/d
m3/d
cm2/s
m2/d
m2/d
m2/d
—
—
cm
m
d
m
cm2/s
m
unitless
cm/day
cm
—
—
m
—
m/d
cm/day
g/m2/d
g/m2/d
1/d
m/d
cm3/g
Definition
contaminant concentration in adsorbed phase in soil
cumulative soil load leaving subarea i, day t
total volume-based contaminant concentration in soil
initial total volume -based contaminant concentration in soil
calculated parameter (Equation H-81) for subarea i
calculated parameter (Equation H-82) for subarea i
diffusivity in air
effective diffusivity in soil
effective diffusivity in soil air
effective diffusivity in soil water
fraction of original mass in soil column grid space that diffuses past a boundary in
time, t
fraction of original mass in soil column grid space that remains after time, t
depth of the root zone
thickness of soil in unmixed LAU till zone
length of time step in GSCM solution algorithm
thickness of waste in unmixed LAU till zone
diffusivity in water
soil column grid size in GSCM solution algorithm
erosion chemical enrichment ratio for subarea i
evapotranspiration from root zone on day t for subarea i
soil moisture field capacity for subarea i
organic carbon fraction in soil
organic carbon fraction where j is a subscript indicating waste, w; waste/soil
mixture in the till zone, till; and soil, s
height of wastepile
dimensionless Henry's law constant
average annual water infiltration rate
daily infiltration for subarea i, day t
annual average leachate flux at lower soil column boundary
annual average volatilization flux at upper soil column boundary
total first-order loss rate
first order rate constant due to burial/erosion for subarea i
soil-water partition coefficient
(continues
H-A-4
-------
Appendix H-A
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
Table H-A-1. (continued)
Symbol
*/
Koc
Ksat
KTL
L
ldu
L'
ml t
m
Mcoll
McoU
Mt
Madd
Mrem
Nappl
JV*
Nfy
PETJ
Pt
Q,,t
Q\t
Rappl
Sd
R0,t
sd
SMb
SM,t
Units
1/d
cm3/g
cm/hr
—
Mg/yr
g/m3/d
Mg/yr
g/m3
g/m2
g/m2
g/m2
g/m2
g/m2
g/m2
1/y
—
—
cm/day
cm
m3/day
m3/day
Mg/m2-y
unitless
cm
w/w, %
—
cm
Definition
annual average first order loss rate due to process j, where j indicates hydrolysis, h;
aerobic biodegradation, ae; anaerobic biodegradation, an; storm events in subarea
i, ev,i; and wind/mechanical activity, wd
equilibrium partition coefficient normalized to organic carbon
saturated hydraulic conductivity
equilibrium distribution coefficient between the total (g/m3) and aqueous phase
(g/m3) contaminant concentrations in soil
bulk waste mass loading rate into WMU
run-on load to subarea i from subarea i-1
bulk waste loading rate adjusted for mass losses due to unloading
suspended solids concentration in runoff water, subarea i
total amount of material from soil column grid space that has passed a boundary at
time, t
total mass in soil column at start of year
total mass in soil column at end of year
annual contaminant mass loss due to process i, where i is a subscript indicating
• total diffusive loss at the surface, 0;
• gas phase diffusive losses (volatilization) at the surface, vol;
• aqueous phase leaching due to diffusion, Ichd;
• aqueous phase leaching due to advection, Icha;
• first order loss process j where j is as defined in kr
annual mass added to soil column
annual mass removed from soil column
number of LAU applications per year
total number of grid spaces of depth dz in soil column
assumed number of waste layers in landfill cell
potential evapotranspiration for day t
total precipitation on day t
runoff flow volume (water only) leaving subarea i, day t
total runoff flow volume (including solids) leaving subarea i, day t
LAU waste application rate
sediment delivery ratio for subarea/watershed i
stormwater runoff depth leaving subarea i, day t
weight percent of solids in raw waste applied to LAU
unitless soil-specific exponent in Equation H-13
soil moisture in root zone at end of day t for subarea i
(continued)
H-A-5
-------
Appendix H-A
Symbols, Units, and Definitions
Table H-A-1. (continued)
Symbol
t
tbet
Vb,
Vd,
vr,
CT*
VE
W
WPl
y op
z
Zsc
ZM
Units
d
d
m/d
m/d
m/d
g/m3
m/d
Mg/m2
cm
yr
m
m
m
Definition
time since start of simulation
time between waste pile refresh or LAU waste application
burial/erosion velocity for subarea i
diffusive exchange velocity between runoff and surficial soil
stormwater runoff re suspension velocity for subarea i
depth-weighted average CT at time, t
effective solute velocity in soil
average mass of waste added per LAU application
soil moisture wilting point for subarea i
last year of operation of LAU or waste pile
distance down from soil surface
total depth of soil column
distance from soil surface to bottom of LAU till (mixing) zone
H-A-6
-------
Appendix H
Attachment B:
Determination H% Da, and Dw for
Organic Compounds
-------
-------
Appendix H-B Determination H', Da, andDwfor Organic Compounds and Outputs
Appendix H
Attachment B:
Determination H', Da, and Dw
for Organic Compounds and Outputs
H-B.l Introduction
For organic compounds, the dimensionless Henry's law coefficent (H') and air and water
diffusivities (Da and Dw, cm2/s, respectively) are calculated as a function of system temperature
given user-input reference values and temperatures. H' is determined from the dimensionless
Henry's law coefficient (H'r) at temperature TrH (K). Da and Dw are determined from air (Dar)
and water (Dwr) diffusivities (cm2/s) at temperature trD (°C). The methodologies used are
described in this appendix. Here, T is temperature in Kelvin, and t is temperature in degrees
Centigrade.
H-B.2 Air Diffusivity ( Da)
The reference air diffusivity (Dar) is adjusted using the following equation, which was
derived from the Fuller, Schettler, and Giddings (FSG) Method for estimating air diffusivities of
organic compounds in Lyman et al. (1990, Eq. 17-12):
1.75
(H-B-1)
In the module, Da is converted from cm2/s to m2/d by multiplying by 8.64.
H-B.3 Water Diffusivity (Dw)
The reference water diffusivity ( Dwr) is adjusted using the following equation, which
was derived from the Hayduk and Laudie Method for estimating water diffusivities of organic
compounds in Lyman et al. (1990, Eq, 17-24):
D:
H-B-1
-------
Appendix H-B
Determination H', Da, andDwfor Organic Compounds and Outputs
where r|w (cp) is the viscosity of water as a function of temperature, t, in degrees centigrade; f is
the temperature for which Dwr was specified. Values for r|w are provided in the program and
were obtained from Lyman at al. (1990, Table 17-7) for t=0 to 30°C in one-degree increments. In
the module, Dw is converted from cm2/s to m2/d by multiplying by 8.64.
H-B.4
Dimensionless Henry's Law Coefficient (H')
The algorithm used to adjust the dimensionless Henry's law coefficient, H', as a function
of temperature, T, is based on the Claussius-Clayperon equation and consideration of
temperature effects on solubility (Dzombak et al., 1993) and is presented below:
H' = #v-exp
R T
(H-B-3)
where H'r is the dimensionless Henry's law coefficient at reference temperature TH.r (K), R is the
gas constant (1.9872 cal/mol-K), and AHV(T) (cal/mol) is the molar heat of vaporization as a
function of temperature T (K). AHV(T) is estimated using Eq. 13-21 and Table 13-7 in Lyman et
al. (1990):
1-7/7.
(H-B-4)
where
n = 1
0.30
0.74| —| - 0.116
TC
0.41
— < 0.57
0.57<— < 0.71
— > 0.71
(H-B-5)
where Tc (K) is the critical temperature and Tb(K) is the boiling point of the compound of
interest. AH^ (cal/mol) is the molar heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point and is
estimated using the method of Haggenmacher (Lyman et al., 1990, Section 13-5):
H-B-2
-------
Appendix H-B Determination H', Da, andDwfor Organic Compounds and Outputs
2.303 B R Tb2 (z -z,)
,. ^ (H-B-6)
where
VZ' ~~ N
\IPc
y^n tm -^\ ^ '
where Tc (K) is the critical temperature, Pc (atm) is the critical pressure, B (°C or K) and C (°C).
are Antoine's constants. Antoine's constants have been calculated for many compounds,
especially hydrocarbons, and are tabulated in the literature (e.g., Reid et al., 1977 ). Some
caution is required in specifying values for the Antoine's constants, because in some tabulations,
the conversion factor to natural log (2.303) is included in the value of B. To check, if the value
for methane is 405.42 (°C or K) use the values for B directly. If it is about 930 (°C or K), divide
all values given for B by 2.303. Also, if Antoine's constants are presented in the literature in K,
B should not be changed and C should be converted to °C by adding 273.2. Note that this is not
the usual way to convert from K to °C, but is necessary to maintain the constancy of the term
B/(t+C) in Antoine's relationship since temeperature, t, is assumed to be in °C.
In the code, if Tc is unavailable, Tc is estimated as l.STb (Lyman et al., 1990, p. 14-13).
If Pc is unavailable, but B and C are available, (Zg-z^ is approximated as one (Lyman et al., 1990,
Table 14-6). If B and C are unavailable, Trouton's rule is used to estimate AH^ (Lyman et al.
(1990):
(H-B-8)
mole-K
H-B.5 References
Dzombak, D.A., H. Fang, and S.B. Roy. 1993. ASDC: A microcomputer-based program for air
stripper design and costing (CE Report No. 92-204). Department of Civil Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
Lyman, W.J., W.F. Reehl, and D.H. Rosenblatt. 1990. Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Reid, R.C., and T.K. Sherwood. 1977. The Properties of Liquids and Gases, 3rd Ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
H-B-3
-------
-------
Appendix H
Attachment C:
Particulate Emission Equations
-------
-------
Appendix H-C Paniculate Emission Equations
Appendix H
Attachment C:
Particulate Emission Equations
H-C.l Introduction
The nonwastewater source modules have been designed to provide estimates of the
annual average, area-normalized emission rate of contaminant mass adsorbed to particulate
matter less than 30 |im in diameter, CE30 (g of contaminant/m2/d), as well as annual average
particle size distribution information in the form of the mass fractions of the total particulate
emissions in four aerodynamic particle size categories—30 to 15 |im, 15 to 10 |im, 10 to 2.5 |im,
and <2.5 |im.
Various release mechanisms are considered. The inventory of release mechanisms
considered is different for each WMU, but includes, in general, wind erosion, vehicular activity,
unloading operations, tilling, and spreading/compacting operations. The mechanisms considered
for each WMU are summarized in Table H-C-1.
This appendix describes the algorithms and assumptions used to estimate annually for
each mechanism of release:
• E30; (g of particulates < 30 |im in diameter/m2/d), the annual average PM30
emission rate due to release mechanism i, where mechanisms of release
considered for each WMU are summarized in Table H-C-1
• Particle size range mass fractions, the mass fractions of E30; in the aerodynamic
particle size categories identified above.
For each WMU,
• EE30; (g/m2/d), the total annual average PM30 emission rate due to all release
mechanisms
• Annual average particle size range mass fractions of the total annual average
PM30 emission rate
H-C-3
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
Table H-C-1. Summary of Mechanisms of Release of Particulate
Emissions for Each WMU
Mechanism of Release
Wind erosion from open
area
Wind erosion from
wastepile
Vehicular activity
Unloading
Spreading/compacting or
tilling
E30,
Subscript
wd
wp
ve
un
sc
WMU Type3 "
LAU
Active
X
X
X
Inact.
X
LF cellc
Active
X
X
X
X
Inact."
X
WP
Active
X
X
X
X
Inact.
X
Algorithm
Reference
Cowherd et
al. (1985)
U.S. EPA
(1985)
U.S. EPA
(1995)
U.S. EPA
(1995)
U.S. EPA
(1985)
a X = Mechanism of release is considered in modeling the WMU.
b Active = Operating WMU.
Inact. = Inactive WMU where no additional contaminant mass is being added.
0 For a description of how results for whole landfill are obtained from landfill cell results, see Section H-4.5.
d Inactive (full) and uncovered landfill cell. Assume no emissions from a covered landfill cell.
CE30 (g/m2/d), the annual average emission rate of contaminant as PM
30
H-C.2
H-C.2.1
Annual average first-order loss rate from the soil surface due to contaminant mass
losses caused by particulate emissions, kwd (1/d).
Particulate Emission Rate (E30;) Algorithms and Particle Size
Range Mass Fractions
Wind Erosion from Open Fields (E30wd)
The algorithm for the estimation of PM30 emissions due to wind erosion from an open
field is based on the procedure developed by Cowherd et al. (1985). It was adapted for
implementation in a computer code and is presented in detail here. E30wd is estimated in the
LAU and landfill source emission modules. The user-specified input parameters are summarized
in Table H-C-2.
To account for the fact that active and inactive WMUs can differ in the degree of
vegetation (veg'), surface roughness height (z'0), and frequency of disturbances per month (fd'),
different values are assigned to these parameters in the equations presented below according to
whether the WMU is active or inactive. The value assignments are summarized in Table H-C-3
where veg, z0, and fd are user input values.
H-C-4
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
Table H-C-2. Input Parameter Units and Definitions for E30
wd
Symbol
asdm
Lc
veg
Z0
S
u+
PE
u
P
fd
Units
mm
—
—
cm
w/w, %
m/s
—
m/s
d/yr
1/mo
Definition
Mode of the aggregate size distribution
Ratio of the silhouette area of roughness elements too large to be included in
sieving to total base area
Fraction of surface covered with vegetation (inactive WMU)
Surface roughness height (inactive WMU)
Silt content of surface material
Observed or probable fastest mile of wind between disturbances
Thornthwaite Precipitation Evaporation Index
Mean annual windspeed
Mean number of days per year with >0.01 in precipitation
Frequency of disturbance per month where a disturbance is defined as an action
that exposes fresh surface material (inactive WMU)
Table H-C-3. Active/Inactive WMU Assignments for
veg', z'0,fd'
Symbol
veg'
z'o
fd'
Units
—
cm
1/mo
Active WMU
0.0
1.0
fd
Inactive WMU
veg
ZQ
0.0
Step 1: Calculate U.t
Calculate the threshold friction velocity, U»t (m/s), the threshold windspeed for the onset
of wind erosion:
U,t = Q.
0.425
(H-C-1)
H-C-5
-------
Appendix H-C Paniculate Emission Equations
where
l.O
J 1.05 + 50.18Z,c - 647.89Zc2 + 6863.50Z,c3 2x10 " 4 2xlO"4) increases the threshold friction velocity, which results in a relatively low or zero
particulate emission rate due to wind erosion. Low Lc (<2xlO"4) is indicative of a bare surface
with homogeneous finely divided material (e.g., an agricultural field). Such surfaces have a
relatively low threshold friction velocity and increased particulate emissions. Equations (H-C-1)
and (H-C-2) were derived from Cowherd et al. (1985, Figures 3-4 and 3-5).
Step 2: Calculate Ut
Ut (m/s) is the threshold wind velocity at a height of 7.0 m (7.0 m is the typical weather
station anemometer height). It is calculated using Cowherd et al. (1985, Equation, 4-3, with z =
700 cm):
where z'0 is the roughness height in cm. Values for z'0 for various surface conditions are
provided in Cowherd et al. (1985, Figure 3-6).
Step 3: Calculate E30wd
E30wd is the annual average emission rate of particulate matter less than 30 |im in
diameter per unit area of the contaminated surface. Note that the methodology developed in
Cowherd et al. (1985) was developed for estimation of emission rate of particulate matter less
than 10 |im (or E10wd). E30wd can be approximated from E10wd with knowledge of the ratio
between PM30 and PM10 for wind erosion. Cowherd (1998) advises that a good first
approximation of this ratio is provided by the particle size multiplier information presented in
U.S. EPA (1995) for wind erosion from open fields where PM30/PM10 is equal to 2. Therefore, a
factor of 2 has been incorporated into Cowherd et al.'s (1985) equations for E10wdto allow
estimation of E30wd.
For sites with limited erosion potential (U«t > 0.75 m/s)
The following equation was derived by using Cowherd et al. (1985, Equations 4-1 to 4-
3), applying a factor of 2 as discussed above and converting units to g/m2/d :
H-C-6
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
11.12(tT- t/f)(l-vegyj' 24
(PE/50)2 103
0
tr> a;
cr < ut
(H-C-4)
Data for mean annual U+ and PE for locations throughout the United States can be found in
climatic atlases (e.g., U.S. Department of Commerce, 1968) and Cowherd et al. (1985,
Figure 4-2), respectively. Cowherd et al. (1985) advise that, in the worst case, fd should be
assumed to be 30 per month.
For sites with unlimited erosion potential (U«t < 0.75 m/s)
When U*t is less than 0.75 m/s, the site is considered to have unlimited erosion potential
and E30wd is calculated using Cowherd et al. (1985, Equation 4-4) with a factor of 2 applied as
discussed above.
E30
wd
Mi , ^
— \ S(x)
24 -
d
(H-C-5)
where
x = 0.886 —
(H-C-6)
«(*) =
1.91
2.2 - 0.6*
2.9 - 1.3*
0.18(8*3+ 12*)exp(-jc2)
0 < jc <0.5
0.52.0
(H-C-7)
where g(x) was derived from Cowherd et al. (1985, Figure 4-3). Data for u for locations
throughout the United States can be found in climatic atlases (e.g., U.S. Department of
Commerce, 1968).
Step 4: Apply Particle Size Range Mass Fractions
Particle size range mass fractions allow estimation of the fraction of the PM30 emitted
that is in specific size fractions. As mentioned above, Cowherd (1998) suggests using the
particle size multipliers provided for wind erosion from industrial fields in U.S. EPA (1995).
H-C-7
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
The U.S. EPA (1995) distribution was adapted to get the fraction of the emissions in the
designated size categories as presented in Table H-C-4.
Table H-C-4. Aerodynamic Particle Size Range Mass Fractions for E30wd and E30
30 jim -15 jim
0.4
15 [im -10 [im
0.10
10 [im -2.5 [im
0.3
<2.5 [im
0.2
H-C2.2
Vehicular Activity (E30ve)
To estimate E30ve (g/m2/d), the quantity of particulate emissions from vehicular travel on
the surface of the WMU, the following equation was used:
£30.,, =136
0.7 f ^0.5
mv_]
mt
1-*£*J—T (H-C-8)
where parameter definitions are provided in Table H-C-5. Equation H-C-8 was derived from an
empirical equation presented in U.S. EPA (1995; Equation 1, p. 13.2.2-1) for the kilograms of
size-specific particulate emissions emitted per vehicle kilometer traveled on unpaved roads. (In
Table H-C-5. Parameter Units and Definitions for E30ve
Symbol
S
vs
vw
nw
nv
effduSt
A
mt
P
Units
w/w,%
km/h
Mg
—
1/d
—
m2
m
d/y
Definition
Silt content of roadway (4.3-20)a'b
Mean vehicle speed (21-64)
Mean vehicle weight (2.7-142)
Mean number of wheels per vehicle (4-13)
Mean annual number of vehicles per day
Dust suppression control efficiency
Contaminated surface area
Meters traveled per vehicle (nv) on contaminated surface
Mean number of days per year with tO.Ol in precipitation
a Silt is defined as particles less than 75 |im in diameter. Silt content is determined by the percent of loose dry
surface material that passes through a 200-mesh screen using the ASTM-C-136 method (U.S. EPA, 1985).
b Values in parentheses are the ranges of source conditions that were tested in developing the U.S. EPA (1995,
Equation 1, p. 13.2.1-1).
H-C-8
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
this application, the EPA parameter "fraction of waste on unpaved roads" is one because travel is
on the surface of the WMU.) The first six terms of Equation H-C-8 are equivalent to the U.S.
EPA (1995) equation after application of the 0.80 particle size multiplier for PM30. EPA's
equation has been adapted here to provide emissions normalized to the contaminated surface
area and to account for the control of emissions with a dust control efficiency factor of effdust.
The particle size multipliers for E30ve are presented in Table H-C-6. These have been
adapted for the size categories of interest from the particle size multiplier information presented
in U.S. EPA (1995).
Table H-C-6. Aerodynamic Particle Size Range Mass Fractions for E30V
30 |im -15 jim
0.38
15 jim -10 |im
0.17
10 |j,m -2.5 |j,m
0.33
^2.5 |im
0.12
H-C.2.3
Unloading Operations (E30un)
The equation for estimating E30un (g/m2/d), the PM30 emission rate due to unloading
operations at wastepiles and landfills, was adapted from U.S. EPA (1995, Equation 1, p. 13.2.4-
3). The EPA equation was adapted by multiplying it by the average annual loading rate (L,
Mg/yr), normalizing the emissions for the contaminated surface area, and applying the particle
size multiplier for <30 |im.
E30un= (0.0012).
u
2.2
,1.3
L 103g yr
A kg 365d
(H-C-9)
Parameter definitions are provided in Table H-C-7. The particle size range mass
fractions were developed from information provided in U.S. EPA (1995) and are presented in
Table H-C-8.
Table H-C-7. Parameter Units and Definitions for E30,,
Symbol
u
mcW
L
Units
m/s
volume %
Mg/yr
Definition
Mean annual windspeed (0.6-6.7)
Waste moisture content (0.25-4.8)
Annual average waste loading rate
Note: Values in parentheses are the ranges of source conditions that were tested in developing the U.S. EPA
(1995) equation.
H-C-9
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
Table H-C-8. Aerodynamic Particle Size Range Mass Fractions for E30U
30 jim -15 jim
0.35
15 jim -10 jim
0.18
10 jim -2.5 jim
0.32
<2.5 jim
0.15
H-C.2.4
Spreading/Compacting or Tilling Operations (E30SC)
The equation for estimating E30SC (g/m2/d), the rate of PM30 emissions due to spreading
and compacting or tilling operations, was adapted from an equation in U.S. EPA (1985,
Equation 1, p. 11.2.2-1) that was developed for estimating emissions due to agricultural tilling in
units of kilogram of particulate emissions per hectare per tilling (or spreading/ compacting)
event. The first two terms in Equation H-C-10 represent the EPA equation with the particle size
multiplier for <30 |im applied.
= (1.77)
kg 104 m2
(H-C-10)
Parameter definitions are provided in Table H-C-9. The particle size range mass
fractions were developed from information provided in U.S. EPA (1985) and are presented in
Table H-C-10.
H-C.3 Particle Size Range Mass Fractions for Total PM30 Emission Rate
Particle size range mass fractions characterizing the total annual average PM30 emission
rate (E30; summed over all applicable mechanisms) is determined annually by applying the
mechanism-specific mass fractions to the E30; estimates to obtain size-specific emission rate
Table H-C-9. Parameter Units and Definitions for E30S,
Symbol
S
N c
i^op
fcult
Units
w/w, %
1/d
—
Definition
Silt content of surface material (1.7-88)a'b
Number of tilling (or spreading and compacting) operations per day
Number of cultivations per application
Silt is defined as particles less than 75 |im in diameter. Silt content is determined by the percent of
loose dry surface material that passes through a 200-mesh screen using the ASTM-C-136 method
(U.S. EPA, 1985).
Values in parentheses are the ranges of source conditions that were tested in developing the U.S. EPA
(1985) equation.
For the LAU, Nop = (Nappl/365 x fcult).
H-C-10
-------
Appendix H-C
Paniculate Emission Equations
Table H-C-10. Aerodynamic Particle Size Range Mass Fractions for E30S(
30 jim -15 jim
0.24
15 jim -10 jim
0.12
10 jim -2.5 jim
0.34
<2.5 jim
0.30
estimates E;J (g/m2/d) where subscript] identifies the particle size range (j= 1 indicates 30-15
|im; 2, 15-10 |im; 3, 10-2.5 |im; and 4, <2.5 |im). The total particle size range mass fraction,
pmfj, is calculated as
(H-C-11)
H-C.4 Annual Average Constituent Emission Rate (CE30) Equations
The amount of mass lost due to wind and mechanical disturbances, Mlosswd (g/m2),
estimated using Equation H-C-26 and accumulated throughout the simulated year is used to
estimate CE30 (g/m2/d), the annual average, area-normalized emission rate of contaminant mass
adsorbed to particulate matter less than 30 |im in diameter.
M
CE30 = loss'wd
365
(H-C-12)
Equation H-C-10 is directly applicable to the LAU during both the inactive and active
years, the wastepile during the inactive years, and the inactive (full) landfill cell. For the first
year of the landfill cell and the active years of the wastepile, the raw waste losses due to
particulate emissions during unloading waste are added to the CE30 estimate. The increment is
equal to
(H-C-13)
H-C.5 Estimation of First-Order Loss Rate (kwd)
An equation for kwd was derived by performing a mass balance on the surface layer of the
"soil" column to a depth of dz (the depth of the surface soil column cell) and considering losses
due to wind and mechanical activity only:
H-C-11
-------
Appendix H-C Paniculate Emission Equations
3C
(H-C-14)
where
(H-C- 15)
TL
The processes indicated by subscript i that are included for each WMU are summarized in Table
H-C-1. Only processes acting on the surface layer are included in the summation of E30;.
Therefore, the unloading of raw waste (i=un) is excluded.
H-C.6 References
Cowherd, CJ. 1998. Personal communication. Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City,
Missouri, February 27.
Cowherd, C.J., G.E. Muleski, PJ. Englehart, and D.A. Gillette. 1985. Rapid Assessment of
Exposure to P articulate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1968. Climatic Atlas of the United States. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1985. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, 4th Edition. AP-42. PB86-
124906. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, 5th Edition. AP-42. PB95-
196028INZ, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.
H-C-12
-------
Appendix H
Attachment D:
Modifications to LAU Source
Partition Model Programs
-------
-------
Appendix H-D Modifications to LA U Source Partition Model Programs
Appendix H
Attachment D:
Modifications to LAU Source
Partition Model Programs
Several coding modifications were made to the LAU source model to enable it to be used
for this analysis. Those modifications are summarized below.
H-D.l LAU Model for Crop Agricultural Field
H-D.l.l Temperature Correction
The temperature correction routines were revised so that they were performed internal to
the program. Routines for internal temperature corrections had been developed and these
internal routines were re-instated for the sewage sludge application. These routines are chemical
diffusivity in air (Da), chemical diffusivity in water (Dw), and Henry's law constant (H). The
correction routine for Da was derived from the FSG Method (Lyman, 1990, Ch. 17, eq. 17-12),
and the routine for Dw was derived from Equation 17-24 (Hayduk and Laudie) in Lyman et al.
(1990). The temperature correction for H used estimates of the heat of vaporization from Lyman
et al. (1990, eq. 13-21). The Haggenmacher method (Lyman et al., 1990, Sect. 13-5) is used to
get the heat of vaporization at the boiling point. Temperature corrections for partitioning (Kd,
Koc), hydrolysis, and solubility were not included in the sewage sludge source models.
The temperature correction routines introduced several new input variables to the model:
Antoine's constants B and C, the boiling temperature of the chemical, and the critical
temperature and pressure for the chemical. Changes were made to the program executables and
the data dictionary files to read these data into the program.
H-D.1.2 AP-42 Changes to Vehicular Activity Particulate Emissions
One of the particulate emissions equations was modified to reflect a 1998 update by EPA
(URL: www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch 13) to the equation previously used the LAU. The
equation that was updated is presented as equation H-C-9 in this appendix. That equation
predicts the daily flux of particulate emissions of 30 |im of less particles resulting from vehicular
traffic on the surface of the LAU, i.e. variable "E30ve." The updated equation is
E30ve = 2.819(S/12)A0.8(vw/3)A0.5((365-p)/365)nv(l-effdust)(mt/A) (H-D-1)
where the variables and units are as described in H-C-12.
H-D-3
-------
Appendix H-D Modifications to LA U Source Partition Model Programs
H-D.2 LAU Model for Pasture Agricultural Field
H-D.2.1 Temperature Correction
Code changes to enable internal temperature corrections were identical to those described
above for the crop agricultural field.
H-D.2.2 AP-42 Changes to Vehicular Activity Particulate Emissions
Code changes to update the vehicular activity particulate emissions calculations were
identical to those described above for the crop agricultural field.
H-D.2.3 Changes to Include Waste Lying on Soil Surface
The most significant change to the LAU Module to configure it for the pasture
agricultural field was a set of modifications that together reflect the conceptual scenario that
sludge applied to the pasture is not tilled into the soil, but rather spread on the soil surface and
mixed with the top 2 cm of soil through natural means. The code changes to effect this scenario
performed the following steps:
1. The modeled depth of the "soil column" (variable zZlWMU) was increased by
this depth. The new "soil column" then consisted of the actual soil underneath
the spread sludge (0.2 m) plus the depth of the sludge layer lying on top.
2. A sludge application now reflects an updating of the above-soil-surface model
layers, rather than a "tilling" into the soil depth.
H-D.2.4 Shortcoming of the LAU Pasture Model
A shortcoming of the LAU model used to simulate the pasture scenario is that the
modeled "soil column" now consists of two zones with nonhomogeneous physical properties—
the sludge zone lying of top of the soil, and the underlying soil zone. The LAU model was not
designed to accommodate different zones; indeed, the single zone soil column's properties
(percent silt, bulk density, and fraction organic carbon) are estimated as a weighted average of
the soil properties and the waste properties, because they are mixed together. Although the
pasture's complete soil column in fact consists of these two different zones, the properties of the
sludge (assumed to resemble silt) were used for the entire soil column in the simulation because
of this model limitation. Thus, to the extent that the underlying soil is different from silt, some
error is introduced into the results by this simplifying assumption. Despite this limitation, the
LAU model was considered the most appropriate model to be used for the pasture simulation.
H-D.3 References
Lyman, W., W. Reehl, D. Rosenblatt. 1990. Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation
Methods: Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds. American Chemical Society,
Washington, DC.
H-D-4
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and
Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
-------
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and
Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
This appendix contains the unitized air concentration (UAC) data for volatile constituents
used in the modeling of human health exposures in the sewage sludge lagoon (surface
impoundment) scenario. Table 1-1 presents the UACs of vapors for each sewage sludge lagoon
(surface impoundment) modeled. Figure 1-1 contains the air modeling input files used to
generate the air dispersion and deposition data used in the agricultural application scenario.
1-3
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. Unitized Air Concentrations for Lagoon Scenario
RunID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Site ID
24233
14935
24033
94018
94018
13968
24033
13968
93815
13897
94018
94846
12839
14935
14935
93193
13737
13874
13963
12916
24033
94018
12839
12916
23234
24011
13874
13968
24011
24033
13874
24033
94846
94846
94846
13968
13968
Source Area
(m2)
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.94E+02
6.96E+03
l.OOE+03
7.90E+03
2.02E+02
7.24E+02
1.70E+03
1.62E+03
2.94E+03
1.74E+02
5.57E+02
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
8.82E+03
9.29E+02
2.36E+03
7.28E+02
1.74E+02
5.81E+02
7.28E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
2.28E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
500
150
500
50
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
4.64E-04
6.83E-03
6.87E-02
2.32E-02
0.164017469
3.34E-04
0.390205085
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
0.642082036
0.12979272
4.94E-02
1.75E-02
5.18E-02
0.294345737
0.18215175
1.99E-02
1.38E-03
5.34E-03
0.017414141
8.10E-02
2.32E-02
0.458975971
3.83E-02
0.193542421
4.37E-03
1.15E-02
5.81E-02
3.47E-02
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
8.10E-02
4.94E-02
4.94E-02
0.297966719
3.34E-04
2.71E-02
(continued)
1-4
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Site ID
94846
14935
24033
24011
13874
13968
94847
14935
93193
23234
13874
94847
94018
13874
24033
13880
13897
23234
24033
94018
13963
14935
94846
94018
24033
12842
24033
12916
24011
23234
12916
12839
24033
94018
93193
3937
Source Area
(m2)
7.90E+03
1.03E+03
1.81E+03
1.09E+03
1.23E+03
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
1.70E+03
1.62E+03
2.83E+03
1.74E+02
7.80E+02
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.35E+05
1.86E+03
6.48E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.15E+05
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
5.20E+01
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
7.28E+02
2.36E+03
3.90E+02
8.76E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+05
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
50
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
75
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.297966719
7.04E-02
8.10E-02
5.05E-02
9.39E-03
2.86E-03
6.29E-03
0.10937687
0.18215175
0.224960372
7.42E-02
6.29E-03
2.32E-02
1.38E-03
8.10E-02
2.245984554
3.61E-02
7.24E-02
1.11E-02
0.164017469
1.070623994
5.18E-02
0.297966719
0.164017469
8.10E-02
4.85E-03
8.10E-02
2.17E-03
3.47E-02
2.86E-02
2.17E-03
7.77E-02
8.10E-02
0.459146798
1.652960896
2.23148489
(continued)
1-5
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Site ID
94018
12916
13874
93193
94018
94018
24033
13963
14935
24033
13968
13737
13968
13897
24033
94847
12916
3937
13897
93193
14740
24033
12842
12916
13968
13968
13968
93815
93815
24011
14764
94846
13739
94018
94018
13737
Source Area
(m2)
1.30E+03
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.77E+04
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.99E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
6.96E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+02
3.90E+02
1.24E+03
1.16E+03
2.91E+04
9.14E+02
1.81E+03
5.20E+01
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.52E+03
5.81E+02
2.02E+04
1.94E+02
1.46E+03
6.07E+03
7.90E+03
3.58E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
Distance
(m)
150
75
500
150
500
150
150
75
500
75
500
500
500
500
50
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
75
500
150
500
500
150
500
75
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.164017469
5.51E-02
1.38E-03
1.652960896
2.32E-02
0.164017469
8.10E-02
1.516706824
6.83E-03
0.228026822
2.38E-02
1.99E-02
3.34E-04
0.120370112
0.390205085
8.92E-03
0.017414141
7.23E-02
0.161779895
0.343281299
8.63E-02
1.11E-02
4.85E-03
0.017414141
2.86E-03
0.139482036
7.25E-03
1.310637474
1.40E-03
6.62E-02
5.75E-02
4.94E-02
0.18802318
2.32E-02
0.459146798
1.99E-02
(continued)
1-6
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
Site ID
13874
13739
13968
94018
13968
23234
94847
14935
93193
23234
94846
13874
12842
13874
94018
12839
24033
23234
24033
13737
24033
13968
24033
93815
13963
93815
14935
23174
94846
94846
13737
24033
23234
13968
23174
14935
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
4.87E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
6.07E+03
5.30E+02
2.15E+04
2.91E+04
6.07E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
5.20E+01
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
2.02E+02
5.55E+03
4.86E+03
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.30E+04
1.77E+04
1.94E+02
1.83E+04
9.39E+03
7.90E+03
1.86E+04
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.36E+03
2.60E+01
2.93E+04
1.83E+04
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
75
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
75
150
150
500
500
500
50
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.15E-02
4.04E-03
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
6.83E-02
4.33E-03
0.689836383
3.184275866
6.83E-02
4.94E-02
1.15E-02
4.85E-03
1.38E-03
2.32E-02
1.75E-02
0.202939466
5.61E-02
1.11E-02
0.12866129
0.228026822
2.86E-03
8.10E-02
0.077218309
0.144601092
1.40E-03
1.753747344
0.13070333
0.297966719
0.552988529
0.12866129
1.11E-02
0.193542421
2.86E-03
0.356077075
0.626706421
(continued)
1-7
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
Site ID
93193
24233
13968
24033
13968
94847
13968
13968
23234
13874
13874
94018
94846
13968
94846
24033
13897
24033
14935
94846
93815
94018
13739
13963
12842
12839
23234
23234
94018
13874
23234
13968
13897
13968
94018
13739
Source Area
(m2)
1.62E+03
3.12E+01
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.36E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
5.40E+02
2.60E+01
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
1.81E+03
1.70E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.09E+03
1.77E+04
5.20E+01
8.76E+03
4.86E+03
2.83E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
2.42E+03
2.60E+01
2.31E+05
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
Distance
(m)
500
75
150
150
75
150
150
500
150
150
150
75
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
75
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.53E-02
0.013633432
2.86E-03
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
8.92E-03
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
0.193542421
1.15E-02
1.15E-02
0.459146798
3.11E-02
3.34E-04
3.11E-02
1.11E-02
0.161779895
1.11E-02
0.10937687
4.94E-02
6.70E-02
0.459146798
0.11715059
0.144601092
5.75E-04
0.456498176
0.346287996
3.39E-02
2.32E-02
1.15E-02
0.197342426
2.86E-03
4.531942844
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
0.18802318
(continued)
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
Site ID
13957
94846
94846
14935
12839
94018
93193
13897
14764
93193
13739
93193
13739
13897
12839
94846
24033
13968
94846
94018
12839
93815
12839
13968
94847
14935
13874
13737
12916
23234
14935
13968
12916
14740
23174
14935
Source Area
(m2)
8.09E+05
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
1.83E+04
2.02E+02
l.OOE+03
1.62E+03
3.86E+03
4.58E+04
1.62E+03
3.58E+03
2.91E+04
3.58E+03
1.86E+03
8.82E+03
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
8.76E+03
2.02E+04
8.82E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+02
1.70E+03
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
9.29E+02
6.48E+03
2.15E+04
1.99E+03
3.90E+02
9.14E+02
9.39E+03
7.24E+02
Distance
(m)
500
500
500
75
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
75
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
75
150
150
75
75
150
500
150
500
500
50
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.522666454
4.94E-02
4.94E-02
1.252596378
1.75E-02
0.12979272
0.18215175
0.433436334
0.325622469
0.18215175
0.18802318
0.343281299
2.75E-02
0.240401059
0.078199565
3.11E-02
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
0.297966719
0.164017469
7.77E-02
0.595363677
0.078199565
2.86E-03
8.92E-03
0.294345737
1.15E-02
0.12866129
0.113743268
0.973131061
0.689836383
2.38E-02
0.017414141
1.18E-02
0.13070333
0.263869017
(continued)
1-9
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
Site ID
13963
94018
13897
24011
94018
13963
94018
13880
94018
13897
93815
24033
13968
13874
24033
94018
13968
93193
13957
14935
24033
94846
13874
12839
94846
13874
94847
94018
23174
94018
14935
12916
13968
24033
13968
24033
Source Area
(m2)
1.19E+04
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
1.09E+03
1.30E+03
1.77E+04
1.30E+03
1.35E+05
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
1.30E+04
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.91E+04
8.09E+05
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
8.82E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
7.80E+02
1.30E+03
2.93E+04
1.28E+03
2.15E+04
3.90E+02
2.28E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
150
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.591862321
2.32E-02
3.61E-02
6.49E-03
0.164017469
0.144601092
0.459146798
0.60772419
2.32E-02
0.240401059
0.077218309
8.10E-02
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
8.10E-02
0.164017469
3.34E-04
1.652960896
2.522666454
0.10937687
8.10E-02
0.297966719
1.15E-02
0.458975971
0.297966719
1.15E-02
4.66E-02
2.32E-02
1.651089549
0.161950201
0.689836383
0.017414141
2.71E-02
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
1.11E-02
(continued)
1-10
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
Site ID
93193
13897
13968
12839
24033
13968
94018
13968
13968
94846
23234
24033
24033
94847
12916
94018
14935
24033
13874
13968
24033
23234
14935
24033
13968
13963
14935
24233
13874
13897
24033
13897
94018
24033
94018
13737
Source Area
(m2)
1.62E+05
1.86E+03
2.60E+01
8.76E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.28E+03
5.11E+03
2.36E+03
1.81E+03
3.33E+03
5.30E+02
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
7.24E+02
1.49E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.36E+03
2.15E+04
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.15E+05
1.03E+03
3.12E+01
4.49E+04
6.96E+03
1.81E+03
3.86E+03
1.30E+03
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
75
150
75
500
500
500
75
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
50
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.380677104
0.240401059
3.34E-04
1.087519169
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
2.71E-02
0.535634041
0.193542421
1.11E-02
0.13681522
4.33E-03
2.17E-03
0.164017469
6.83E-03
9.17E-03
1.15E-02
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
0.193542421
0.689836383
1.11E-02
1.94E-02
1.070623994
9.60E-03
4.64E-04
0.264645517
0.642082036
1.11E-02
7.21E-02
2.32E-02
6.87E-02
2.32E-02
1.99E-02
(continued)
1-11
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
Site ID
13968
93815
24033
93815
3937
24033
23234
13968
12916
23234
13897
14935
94018
13874
24033
93193
13737
13968
13874
14935
12916
94846
13737
24033
13874
94018
24033
13737
24033
23234
13739
93815
94018
14935
94018
23174
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
1.94E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+04
7.43E+02
1.49E+03
2.36E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
2.42E+03
1.16E+03
2.15E+04
3.52E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.62E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
9.29E+01
1.03E+03
3.90E+02
5.40E+02
2.94E+03
3.33E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.42E+03
3.58E+03
1.30E+04
1.30E+03
1.83E+04
1.30E+03
9.39E+03
Distance
(m)
75
500
500
75
150
150
150
75
150
75
150
75
150
500
150
150
150
75
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
9.70E-03
1.40E-03
1.11E-02
1.047177553
4.60E-02
6.87E-02
0.193542421
9.70E-03
0.017414141
0.513293624
0.161779895
1.352293134
0.378584981
1.38E-03
8.10E-02
0.18215175
0.12866129
9.70E-03
6.30E-03
7.04E-02
2.17E-03
3.94E-03
0.12866129
0.13681522
1.15E-02
0.164017469
1.11E-02
1.99E-02
1.11E-02
0.197342426
0.18802318
0.449256331
0.164017469
0.626706421
2.32E-02
1.722415924
(continued)
1-12
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
Site ID
13968
94846
23174
13897
13880
13897
13737
14764
12839
14935
13874
13968
13968
23174
13874
13968
24011
94018
13739
13874
24233
13874
24033
94018
94018
12842
93815
94018
13968
23234
13874
94018
13968
94847
24011
23174
Source Area
(m2)
5.81E+02
5.11E+03
2.93E+04
1.86E+03
4.86E+03
6.96E+03
2.94E+03
4.58E+04
8.76E+03
1.83E+04
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.93E+04
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.46E+03
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
3.12E+01
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.17E+05
1.30E+03
5.20E+01
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
6.07E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
1.46E+03
2.93E+04
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
75
150
500
150
150
75
150
75
150
75
500
500
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
5.81E-02
3.34E-02
0.356077075
3.61E-02
0.230076194
0.120370112
0.12866129
1.522423148
7.77E-02
0.626706421
1.38E-03
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
1.651089549
1.38E-03
2.86E-03
6.62E-02
0.164017469
2.75E-02
1.38E-03
3.99E-03
3.78E-02
8.10E-02
1.134759068
0.164017469
4.85E-03
0.194663927
0.164017469
9.70E-03
0.404124349
3.78E-02
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
6.29E-03
8.60E-03
0.356077075
(continued)
1-13
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
Site ID
13897
94847
24033
94846
94846
13968
23234
94846
23234
13957
94846
94846
94018
93815
14935
94018
14935
93815
24033
14764
93193
94018
24033
94846
94018
12916
13874
94018
13874
94018
94018
94846
13968
13968
93193
94018
Source Area
(m2)
1.16E+03
7.80E+02
3.33E+03
1.86E+04
7.90E+03
2.28E+03
2.42E+03
7.90E+03
2.36E+03
8.09E+05
5.11E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+04
1.83E+04
1.17E+05
2.15E+04
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
6.07E+03
1.62E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
l.OOE+03
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
1.28E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
2.28E+03
1.99E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
75
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
75
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.161779895
4.66E-02
0.13681522
0.552988529
4.94E-02
2.71E-02
2.93E-02
0.70691359
0.193542421
2.522666454
3.34E-02
4.94E-02
2.32E-02
0.077218309
0.626706421
1.134759068
0.149872139
6.70E-02
1.53E-03
5.75E-02
0.18215175
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
0.297966719
1.80E-02
2.17E-03
1.38E-03
0.161950201
1.15E-02
0.164017469
0.164017469
4.94E-02
0.523773432
2.38E-02
1.652960896
0.164017469
(continued)
1-14
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
Site ID
23234
13968
13968
94018
93815
93815
14935
13963
93193
13874
13897
13874
13968
13963
24011
13968
13880
13963
13968
14935
94846
94018
13968
13880
23174
23234
94018
13737
13968
13739
13968
94018
13968
13739
24033
13874
Source Area
(m2)
6.48E+03
5.81E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.02E+04
1.94E+02
1.83E+04
1.77E+04
2.91E+04
1.74E+02
6.69E+02
1.74E+02
5.81E+02
5.57E+02
1.44E+03
2.60E+01
1.35E+05
5.57E+02
1.52E+03
2.15E+04
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.04E+03
2.93E+04
2.83E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
3.58E+03
5.81E+02
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
3.58E+03
2.79E+01
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
500
500
75
75
500
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.423418999
7.25E-03
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
0.111287095
1.15E-02
0.626706421
0.74918884
1.652960896
1.38E-03
0.101128809
1.38E-03
5.81E-02
4.40E-02
8.51E-03
3.34E-04
2.245984554
4.40E-02
0.139482036
0.149872139
0.297966719
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
8.50E-03
1.651089549
3.39E-02
0.164017469
1.99E-02
3.34E-04
2.75E-02
0.179731175
0.459146798
3.34E-04
2.75E-02
1.53E-03
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-15
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
Site ID
24011
14935
24033
94018
13968
14935
3937
93193
13874
14935
23234
24033
93815
23174
14935
13874
13897
93815
24033
24033
13897
23234
14935
13968
13897
13968
94847
14935
13968
13968
13737
94846
13963
13874
13968
14935
Source Area
(m2)
1.44E+03
1.83E+04
2.79E+01
2.02E+02
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
1.24E+03
2.91E+04
1.74E+02
1.03E+03
6.07E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
9.39E+03
7.24E+02
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
1.30E+04
2.79E+01
1.81E+03
1.86E+03
2.42E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
1.16E+03
2.60E+01
5.30E+02
1.70E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
7.90E+03
5.57E+02
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
75
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
75
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.55E-02
0.131324604
1.81E-04
3.79E-03
2.86E-03
5.18E-02
7.23E-02
1.652960896
1.15E-02
7.04E-02
6.83E-02
8.10E-02
0.009018256
1.722415924
6.83E-03
1.38E-03
0.161779895
0.449256331
1.53E-03
1.11E-02
0.240401059
2.93E-02
7.04E-02
3.34E-04
0.161779895
3.34E-04
3.36E-02
0.294345737
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
0.12866129
4.94E-02
4.40E-02
1.38E-03
3.34E-04
0.626706421
(continued)
1-16
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
Site ID
13968
13874
13897
14935
94846
23174
23234
94846
14935
13897
24033
13874
24033
94846
14764
14935
13963
13968
13739
12839
24033
13968
12839
13737
23234
93193
94018
13957
14935
94847
14935
94018
14935
13968
24033
24033
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
3.86E+03
1.70E+03
7.90E+03
9.39E+03
6.48E+03
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
1.16E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.49E+03
5.40E+02
6.07E+03
1.68E+03
5.57E+02
2.60E+01
4.87E+02
2.02E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
8.82E+03
2.94E+03
2.42E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
8.09E+05
1.70E+03
7.80E+02
7.24E+02
1.30E+03
1.83E+04
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.79E+01
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
75
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
0.433436334
0.10937687
0.297966719
0.775993705
7.24E-02
4.94E-02
5.18E-02
0.161779895
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
9.17E-03
3.11E-02
0.85103929
0.108694054
5.34E-03
2.86E-03
4.04E-03
2.16E-03
1.11E-02
3.34E-04
0.458975971
1.99E-02
2.93E-02
0.343281299
2.32E-02
6.202586651
1.56E-02
4.66E-02
5.18E-02
0.164017469
0.131324604
3.34E-04
8.10E-02
1.81E-04
(continued)
1-17
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
Site ID
24033
94846
23234
24033
23234
24033
12839
13737
12839
12916
24033
93193
13874
13874
93193
93193
13874
13874
24011
94018
93193
13874
93193
14935
13968
24033
94846
24033
24233
94846
14935
94018
94018
24033
94846
13874
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
6.48E+03
1.81E+03
6.48E+03
1.49E+03
2.02E+02
2.94E+03
8.82E+03
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
2.91E+04
1.74E+02
8.36E+01
2.91E+04
2.91E+04
8.36E+01
1.74E+02
1.09E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
9.29E+01
1.62E+03
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.86E+04
1.81E+03
1.21E+04
7.90E+03
2.15E+04
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
50
150
500
500
500
150
75
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
50
500
150
500
75
500
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
8.10E-02
0.297966719
0.423418999
8.10E-02
1.495923877
6.87E-02
2.16E-03
1.99E-02
0.078199565
0.017414141
0.228026822
0.343281299
1.38E-03
6.70E-04
0.343281299
1.652960896
5.70E-03
1.15E-02
5.05E-02
0.164017469
2.53E-02
6.30E-03
2.53E-02
6.83E-03
3.34E-04
1.11E-02
0.104921967
0.390205085
0.150713742
0.297966719
0.149872139
0.459146798
2.32E-02
1.81E-04
0.297966719
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-18
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
Site ID
24011
94846
12839
13874
94018
13897
93815
13897
14935
13968
24033
93193
23174
13880
13968
13968
13874
13968
94846
14935
24033
13968
93815
13968
94847
13968
14935
93193
94018
94018
12916
14935
94846
23234
13968
94018
Source Area
(m2)
1.44E+03
7.90E+03
2.02E+02
1.23E+03
1.30E+03
6.96E+03
1.94E+02
1.86E+03
1.83E+04
2.60E+01
1.49E+03
1.62E+03
9.39E+03
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.02E+04
2.28E+03
1.30E+02
2.60E+01
1.68E+03
1.62E+03
1.30E+03
1.28E+03
3.90E+02
1.70E+03
7.90E+03
6.07E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
50
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.55E-02
0.297966719
1.75E-02
0.072232224
2.32E-02
0.642082036
1.15E-02
0.240401059
0.626706421
3.34E-04
9.17E-03
0.18215175
0.775993705
9.32E-02
3.34E-04
3.34E-04
1.15E-02
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
0.10937687
0.390205085
2.86E-03
0.595363677
0.193842337
1.08E-03
3.34E-04
1.54E-02
0.18215175
2.32E-02
0.161950201
0.017414141
1.56E-02
0.297966719
6.83E-02
3.34E-04
0.459146798
(continued)
1-19
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
Site ID
14935
93815
24011
94846
94018
23234
13874
12916
94846
24233
14840
13874
23234
14935
13739
94846
23234
13897
14740
13737
94847
13968
13874
24033
93815
94846
14935
12842
14935
13968
24033
12839
13874
94018
14935
24033
Source Area
(m2)
2.15E+04
2.02E+04
7.28E+02
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
4.86E+03
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
5.11E+03
3.12E+01
8.76E+03
1.24E+03
2.36E+03
1.68E+03
3.58E+03
5.11E+03
4.86E+03
1.16E+03
9.14E+02
2.94E+03
5.30E+02
1.99E+03
1.74E+02
1.49E+03
1.94E+02
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
5.20E+01
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.02E+02
8.36E+01
1.30E+03
2.15E+04
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.689836383
0.595363677
4.37E-03
0.297966719
0.164017469
0.346287996
1.38E-03
0.017414141
3.34E-02
4.64E-04
0.296306461
7.27E-02
2.86E-02
1.54E-02
0.18802318
3.34E-02
5.61E-02
2.29E-02
1.18E-02
0.12866129
4.33E-03
2.38E-02
1.38E-03
9.17E-03
1.40E-03
0.70691359
6.83E-03
5.75E-04
7.04E-02
3.34E-04
8.10E-02
2.16E-03
5.70E-03
0.164017469
0.689836383
1.11E-02
(continued)
1-20
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
Site ID
12916
14935
13874
13737
94018
13874
13968
13968
93193
93193
13897
93193
3937
13968
93193
93193
93193
94018
13897
12842
13968
13874
13968
24033
94018
14935
13874
23234
13968
13874
94018
14935
13968
14935
14935
24033
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
2.15E+04
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.52E+03
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
2.91E+04
1.86E+03
2.91E+04
7.43E+02
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
2.91E+04
2.91E+04
l.OOE+03
1.16E+03
5.20E+01
2.60E+01
8.36E+01
5.81E+02
2.79E+01
3.52E+03
1.70E+03
1.74E+02
4.86E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.17E+05
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
1.03E+03
1.68E+03
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.017414141
0.149872139
1.15E-02
0.12866129
0.164017469
1.15E-02
1.85E-02
2.86E-03
0.18215175
0.343281299
3.61E-02
0.343281299
6.13E-03
2.86E-03
0.18215175
1.652960896
0.343281299
0.12979272
0.161779895
5.75E-04
3.34E-04
6.70E-04
5.81E-02
1.81E-04
5.96E-02
1.56E-02
1.38E-03
0.346287996
3.34E-04
1.15E-02
1.134759068
7.04E-02
2.86E-03
7.04E-02
1.54E-02
1.11E-02
(continued)
1-21
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
Site ID
23234
13897
13897
13968
12916
24033
24033
93815
13880
14764
24233
13968
24011
13874
12916
13739
94018
13897
14764
14935
94846
13874
24033
14935
13874
24033
13874
13874
13968
14935
13968
24033
12916
13968
14935
13897
Source Area
(m2)
2.42E+03
1.86E+03
1.16E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
2.79E+01
2.79E+01
1.30E+03
2.88E+04
6.07E+03
3.12E+01
2.60E+01
7.28E+02
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
2.09E+03
1.30E+03
6.96E+03
6.07E+03
1.03E+03
5.40E+02
9.29E+01
1.81E+03
1.68E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
9.29E+01
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
2.60E+01
5.55E+03
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
2.15E+04
6.96E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
75
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
75
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.197342426
0.240401059
2.29E-02
9.70E-03
2.17E-03
1.81E-04
1.81E-04
0.009018256
0.172440082
0.340731502
3.99E-03
3.34E-04
0.108788922
1.38E-03
0.017414141
1.65E-02
2.32E-02
0.642082036
5.75E-02
7.04E-02
3.94E-03
7.43E-04
8.10E-02
1.54E-02
1.38E-03
8.10E-02
1.38E-03
6.30E-03
3.34E-04
0.626706421
3.34E-04
0.202939466
2.17E-03
3.34E-04
0.689836383
0.120370112
(continued)
1-22
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
Site ID
14935
13897
93193
12916
24033
94018
13737
13874
13739
13897
94018
13968
14935
13737
14935
24033
13897
13874
13897
12916
24033
94846
94018
14764
14935
14935
24033
94018
24033
23234
94846
13874
12839
14742
93815
93815
Source Area
(m2)
7.24E+02
3.86E+03
2.91E+04
3.90E+02
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
1.74E+02
3.58E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
2.94E+03
1.03E+03
1.49E+03
3.86E+03
1.74E+02
6.96E+03
3.90E+02
2.79E+01
7.90E+03
2.02E+02
6.07E+03
1.70E+03
7.24E+02
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
6.07E+03
1.86E+04
1.74E+02
8.82E+03
1.01E+03
1.94E+02
1.94E+02
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
75
500
150
150
150
500
75
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.83E-03
0.433436334
1.652960896
0.017414141
6.87E-02
0.459146798
0.12866129
1.38E-03
2.75E-02
2.29E-02
0.164017469
2.86E-03
0.10937687
1.99E-02
9.60E-03
6.87E-02
7.21E-02
1.38E-03
0.120370112
5.51E-02
1.81E-04
0.297966719
3.03E-02
0.340731502
1.56E-02
0.150180772
9.17E-03
0.164017469
1.53E-03
0.404124349
0.552988529
1.15E-02
0.458975971
5.99E-02
1.40E-03
1.40E-03
(continued)
1-23
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
Site ID
24233
12839
14935
13897
23174
13874
24011
24033
13963
13737
94018
13880
94846
13968
14935
13968
13968
24033
94018
24033
13897
94846
23234
13874
13968
13874
93815
13968
14935
13874
93815
14935
23234
14935
13968
93815
Source Area
(m2)
3.12E+01
2.02E+02
7.24E+02
1.16E+03
9.39E+03
1.74E+02
7.28E+02
1.81E+03
4.61E+03
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
9.31E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
5.55E+03
1.28E+03
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
7.90E+03
2.83E+03
1.74E+02
2.28E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
7.24E+02
4.86E+03
1.70E+03
2.60E+01
1.94E+02
Distance
(m)
150
75
500
150
500
50
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
75
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.99E-03
5.58E-02
6.83E-03
0.161779895
0.13070333
7.42E-02
3.47E-02
8.10E-02
4.18E-02
0.12866129
2.32E-02
6.54E-02
0.297966719
2.86E-03
6.83E-03
3.34E-04
3.34E-04
0.202939466
0.161950201
1.11E-02
0.433126569
0.297966719
0.224960372
1.15E-02
2.71E-02
1.15E-02
0.009018256
3.34E-04
1.56E-02
1.38E-03
0.009018256
6.83E-03
0.346287996
1.56E-02
3.34E-04
1.40E-03
(continued)
1-24
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
111
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
Site ID
13968
12839
24033
12916
24033
13968
24033
13880
94018
13739
14935
14935
13874
12916
13874
13739
24011
94018
12842
94018
14935
24033
13874
23234
93815
13968
23234
94018
13968
14935
24033
14935
14935
12916
13897
14935
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
8.76E+03
1.49E+03
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.35E+05
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
1.03E+03
2.15E+04
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
3.58E+03
1.09E+03
1.30E+03
5.20E+01
1.30E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
2.83E+03
1.30E+04
2.60E+01
2.36E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
2.15E+04
1.70E+03
3.90E+02
1.86E+03
1.83E+04
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
75
75
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
75
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.34E-04
0.456498176
9.17E-03
2.17E-03
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
8.10E-02
2.245984554
0.164017469
0.18802318
0.197674334
1.352293134
1.15E-02
2.17E-03
1.38E-03
2.75E-02
5.05E-02
0.164017469
5.75E-04
2.32E-02
5.18E-02
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
0.574242115
0.077218309
3.34E-04
2.86E-02
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
0.10937687
1.11E-02
0.689836383
1.56E-02
0.017414141
0.240401059
0.626706421
(continued)
1-25
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
Site ID
13968
13739
14935
13897
24033
13739
24033
13968
13968
13874
93815
23234
23234
14935
14935
12916
13880
13874
13739
24033
13968
24033
94846
13968
24011
94846
24033
13968
94846
13739
23234
14935
14935
94846
13739
13968
Source Area
(m2)
1.99E+03
4.87E+02
1.70E+03
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
3.58E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.94E+02
2.83E+03
2.36E+03
1.03E+03
7.24E+02
3.90E+02
1.62E+03
1.74E+02
3.58E+03
1.81E+03
1.99E+03
2.79E+01
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
1.44E+03
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
3.58E+03
6.07E+03
1.03E+03
2.15E+04
5.40E+02
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
75
150
150
150
500
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
75
500
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
75
150
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.476182252
3.20E-02
0.10937687
0.240401059
1.11E-02
2.75E-02
0.228026822
3.34E-04
3.34E-04
1.15E-02
1.40E-03
0.224960372
0.193542421
9.60E-03
6.83E-03
2.17E-03
9.32E-02
1.38E-03
2.75E-02
1.11E-02
0.476182252
1.81E-04
4.94E-02
2.86E-03
6.55E-02
3.11E-02
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
0.297966719
2.75E-02
6.83E-02
9.60E-03
1.352293134
3.11E-02
0.18802318
2.86E-03
(continued)
1-26
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
Site ID
13737
24033
93193
23174
14935
94847
14935
94018
94018
94846
24033
13968
94018
13897
14935
12916
24033
13968
93193
93193
24033
93815
14840
14935
93815
24033
13874
24233
13968
13874
13897
13739
13874
13874
94846
13737
Source Area
(m2)
2.94E+03
1.49E+03
1.62E+03
9.39E+03
2.15E+04
5.30E+02
7.24E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.31E+05
1.83E+04
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
5.81E+02
1.62E+03
2.91E+04
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
8.88E+03
1.70E+03
1.30E+04
2.79E+01
1.74E+02
3.12E+01
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
5.40E+02
2.94E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
75
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.12866129
6.87E-02
0.18215175
0.775993705
0.689836383
9.82E-02
5.18E-02
2.32E-02
2.32E-02
4.94E-02
1.53E-03
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
4.531942844
0.626706421
2.17E-03
1.11E-02
7.25E-03
2.53E-02
0.343281299
6.87E-02
0.194663927
4.98E-02
0.10937687
0.077218309
1.53E-03
1.15E-02
4.64E-04
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
2.29E-02
0.18802318
1.15E-02
1.38E-03
3.94E-03
1.99E-02
(continued)
1-27
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
Site ID
13897
13968
94847
13968
13963
23234
12916
23234
94846
94018
13963
13880
13739
14935
14935
12916
24033
13968
14935
13874
24033
94847
24033
13874
94846
94846
13968
24033
13737
94847
13968
13874
14740
14935
14935
13968
Source Area
(m2)
1.86E+03
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
2.15E+05
2.36E+03
3.90E+02
2.42E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
5.57E+02
9.68E+03
3.58E+03
2.15E+04
1.83E+04
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.15E+04
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
5.81E+02
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
7.80E+02
1.99E+03
1.74E+02
9.14E+02
1.70E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
500
500
500
150
75
500
500
150
75
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
75
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.61E-02
3.34E-04
6.29E-03
2.86E-03
5.074141502
2.86E-02
2.17E-03
0.197342426
0.70691359
2.32E-02
4.40E-02
0.396275103
2.75E-02
0.149872139
0.131324604
0.017414141
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
0.149872139
1.15E-02
0.228026822
1.08E-03
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
4.94E-02
4.94E-02
5.81E-02
8.10E-02
0.12866129
6.29E-03
0.172986329
1.15E-02
8.63E-02
0.10937687
9.60E-03
3.34E-04
(continued)
1-28
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
Site ID
94846
13880
13874
14935
12916
94018
13968
14935
94018
24033
13739
13968
3937
24033
94846
12839
23234
23234
94846
94018
94846
13968
94846
13968
24033
13874
13897
12916
12839
13874
13874
24033
12839
94018
94018
13968
Source Area
(m2)
5.40E+02
1.04E+03
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.99E+03
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+05
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
2.02E+02
6.48E+03
2.83E+03
1.86E+04
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
6.96E+03
3.90E+02
8.76E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.52E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.94E-03
8.50E-03
1.15E-02
5.18E-02
0.017414141
0.164017469
0.172986329
0.108694054
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
0.18802318
3.34E-04
2.23148489
1.11E-02
0.297966719
1.75E-02
7.24E-02
0.224960372
0.552988529
2.32E-02
4.94E-02
2.86E-03
0.297966719
2.86E-03
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
0.120370112
2.17E-03
7.77E-02
1.15E-02
1.15E-02
8.10E-02
7.77E-02
0.164017469
0.164017469
1.85E-02
(continued)
1-29
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
Site ID
14935
14935
24033
94018
13874
14935
13874
24033
94018
13968
13968
14935
14935
13968
23234
13739
13968
23234
24033
94846
14935
13968
13897
24033
13968
14935
12916
13968
93193
12839
13880
12916
13968
93193
13968
13874
Source Area
(m2)
7.24E+02
1.70E+03
3.33E+03
3.52E+03
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
9.29E+01
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
2.15E+04
2.28E+03
2.83E+03
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
2.36E+03
1.49E+03
5.40E+02
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
1.16E+03
1.81E+03
1.52E+03
7.24E+02
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
2.02E+02
1.82E+04
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
1.24E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
75
500
150
150
500
500
500
75
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
75
500
500
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.83E-03
1.56E-02
1.98E-02
5.96E-02
1.38E-03
0.626706421
6.30E-03
1.11E-02
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
9.70E-03
1.56E-02
0.689836383
0.193842337
3.39E-02
2.75E-02
3.34E-04
0.504907608
9.17E-03
3.11E-02
0.689836383
3.34E-04
2.29E-02
8.10E-02
0.139482036
6.83E-03
0.017414141
3.34E-04
0.18215175
5.58E-02
0.116509967
2.17E-03
2.86E-03
0.18215175
2.86E-03
9.45E-03
(continued)
1-30
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
Site ID
13968
13897
94846
24233
14935
23174
13897
23234
24011
94846
94847
94846
12916
24033
13874
24011
14935
14935
13897
12842
13874
13739
13968
13963
13739
12916
13968
94846
13897
24033
24033
24233
13968
24033
24033
13739
Source Area
(m2)
1.99E+03
1.16E+03
5.40E+02
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
2.93E+04
1.86E+03
6.07E+03
1.09E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+02
7.90E+03
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.09E+03
1.03E+03
7.24E+02
1.86E+03
5.20E+01
1.74E+02
4.87E+02
2.60E+01
5.57E+02
3.58E+03
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
1.49E+03
1.21E+04
5.81E+02
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
2.09E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
75
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.172986329
0.161779895
3.11E-02
3.99E-03
6.83E-03
1.651089549
0.240401059
0.404124349
5.05E-02
0.70691359
8.92E-03
4.94E-02
2.17E-03
1.11E-02
3.78E-02
5.05E-02
7.04E-02
6.83E-03
0.240401059
4.85E-03
1.38E-03
3.20E-02
3.34E-04
4.40E-02
2.75E-02
0.017414141
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
3.61E-02
8.10E-02
6.87E-02
0.867829859
5.81E-02
8.10E-02
8.10E-02
0.11715059
(continued)
1-31
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
Site ID
93193
13739
13968
13737
23234
13968
14935
94018
23234
23234
12839
13968
94018
13897
94018
13874
24033
23234
23234
13968
24033
14935
14740
94847
24033
23234
13897
14935
94846
94018
24033
94018
13874
94847
24033
94846
Source Area
(m2)
2.91E+04
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
6.48E+03
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
1.30E+03
2.83E+03
4.86E+03
8.82E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
5.55E+03
2.36E+03
2.36E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
9.14E+02
1.30E+02
1.81E+03
2.36E+03
1.86E+03
1.03E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.24E+03
7.80E+02
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
75
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.343281299
0.18802318
3.34E-04
0.12866129
7.24E-02
2.86E-03
0.131324604
0.164017469
0.224960372
0.346287996
0.078199565
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
0.161779895
2.32E-02
1.38E-03
0.202939466
0.193542421
2.86E-02
2.86E-03
0.228026822
6.83E-03
1.18E-02
8.92E-03
8.10E-02
2.86E-02
0.240401059
7.04E-02
0.297966719
2.32E-02
8.10E-02
0.164017469
7.27E-02
6.29E-03
8.10E-02
4.94E-02
(continued)
1-32
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
Site ID
14935
94018
94847
13880
13880
24033
13897
13968
13968
13897
24033
12839
94846
13968
13897
13737
94847
13968
14935
14935
24033
94018
13968
13968
13968
13968
13963
12839
13880
13874
23174
94846
14935
13739
13874
94846
Source Area
(m2)
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+02
1.62E+03
1.04E+03
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
2.60E+01
5.81E+02
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
8.76E+03
5.40E+02
5.81E+02
1.86E+03
2.94E+03
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
5.57E+02
8.82E+03
2.16E+05
1.74E+02
9.39E+03
7.90E+03
1.83E+04
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
50
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
75
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.108694054
2.32E-02
1.08E-03
9.32E-02
6.25E-02
1.11E-02
2.29E-02
3.34E-04
0.33059907
3.61E-02
8.10E-02
7.77E-02
3.94E-03
7.25E-03
3.61E-02
0.12866129
4.66E-02
2.86E-03
5.18E-02
6.83E-03
8.10E-02
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
4.40E-02
0.458975971
4.606509686
1.38E-03
0.775993705
0.297966719
0.626706421
0.18802318
1.15E-02
4.94E-02
(continued)
1-33
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
Site ID
24033
23234
24033
13874
13737
94846
13963
13968
24033
94018
13737
13968
94846
94846
23234
12916
94018
13874
13968
14935
13897
13968
24033
24033
94846
24033
12916
14935
94846
94018
13968
13897
94018
94847
94846
13968
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
6.48E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
7.90E+03
5.57E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
5.40E+02
4.86E+03
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
1.86E+03
2.28E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
1.30E+03
7.80E+02
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
50
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
75
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.11E-02
0.423418999
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.99E-02
0.297966719
4.40E-02
3.34E-04
1.11E-02
0.164017469
0.12866129
2.86E-03
0.297966719
0.176847741
5.61E-02
2.17E-03
2.32E-02
1.15E-02
2.86E-03
0.626706421
3.61E-02
0.193842337
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
3.94E-03
0.228026822
0.017414141
6.83E-03
4.94E-02
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
0.240401059
0.164017469
6.29E-03
0.297966719
2.86E-03
(continued)
1-34
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
Site ID
94018
24033
13880
24033
13880
13897
94018
13880
13968
13874
13874
12842
24033
14935
94846
14935
24033
24033
13874
94018
14935
23234
13968
94846
14935
12839
13880
24033
12839
13968
13897
94018
13957
23234
23234
94018
Source Area
(m2)
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
1.62E+03
2.79E+01
1.04E+03
3.86E+03
1.30E+03
4.86E+03
1.99E+03
1.24E+03
1.74E+02
5.20E+01
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
5.55E+03
2.79E+01
1.24E+03
1.30E+03
1.83E+04
2.36E+03
2.28E+03
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
8.76E+03
1.62E+03
1.49E+03
8.82E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
1.30E+03
7.66E+02
2.83E+03
2.36E+03
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
75
50
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.32E-02
1.81E-04
9.32E-02
1.81E-04
8.50E-03
7.21E-02
2.32E-02
3.64E-02
2.38E-02
9.45E-03
1.38E-03
4.85E-03
8.10E-02
5.18E-02
0.297966719
6.83E-03
0.202939466
1.53E-03
0.220147952
0.794203997
0.626706421
2.86E-02
0.193842337
0.297966719
6.83E-03
0.456498176
9.32E-02
6.87E-02
0.458975971
3.34E-04
3.61E-02
0.164017469
0.061980415
3.39E-02
0.193542421
0.164017469
(continued)
1-35
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
Site ID
12839
14935
14935
13897
13880
13968
93193
24033
14935
13968
94018
13968
13968
14935
13874
14935
12916
23234
13968
94018
13739
13897
94846
23234
13968
12916
14935
93193
93815
14935
13880
13874
13968
13897
13874
13739
Source Area
(m2)
8.82E+03
1.83E+04
1.70E+03
1.16E+03
9.68E+03
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
1.49E+03
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.52E+03
2.60E+01
2.15E+04
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
3.90E+02
6.07E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
1.16E+03
7.90E+03
2.36E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
7.24E+02
2.91E+04
2.02E+04
7.24E+02
1.04E+03
1.74E+02
2.28E+03
1.16E+03
1.23E+03
3.58E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
50
500
500
500
500
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.458975971
0.131324604
1.56E-02
0.161779895
0.396275103
2.86E-03
0.18215175
6.87E-02
0.149872139
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
0.139482036
3.34E-04
1.873957038
1.38E-03
0.131324604
2.17E-03
6.83E-02
3.34E-04
0.459146798
2.75E-02
2.29E-02
0.297966719
2.86E-02
2.86E-03
2.17E-03
5.18E-02
1.652960896
0.111287095
6.83E-03
8.50E-03
1.15E-02
2.71E-02
2.29E-02
0.072232224
2.75E-02
(continued)
1-36
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
Site ID
12916
14935
93193
13897
14935
24033
93815
24233
94018
93193
14935
94846
93193
14935
94018
13968
13968
24233
93193
13874
93815
94847
12916
13739
94846
14935
13968
13968
13968
23234
13874
93815
23234
12839
94018
14935
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
1.70E+03
1.62E+03
3.86E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
3.12E+01
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
1.03E+03
5.11E+03
2.91E+04
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
5.81E+02
1.52E+03
1.21E+04
1.62E+05
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
5.30E+02
3.90E+02
3.58E+03
7.90E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
5.81E+02
2.60E+01
2.42E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+04
2.83E+03
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
2.15E+04
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
50
500
500
500
500
75
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
75
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.017414141
1.56E-02
0.18215175
0.433436334
6.83E-03
8.10E-02
6.70E-02
4.64E-04
0.164017469
2.53E-02
7.04E-02
0.213590831
4.30161047
1.54E-02
2.32E-02
7.25E-03
1.85E-02
1.797366381
4.407284737
1.15E-02
0.009018256
3.36E-02
0.017414141
2.75E-02
0.297966719
0.197674334
2.86E-03
5.81E-02
3.34E-04
0.197342426
1.15E-02
0.449256331
3.39E-02
7.77E-02
0.164017469
0.689836383
(continued)
1-37
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
Site ID
12916
94846
24033
13968
13968
94018
94847
14935
93815
93193
94018
13737
12839
24011
94018
14740
93815
24033
94018
13739
13874
13968
93815
14935
24033
94018
12916
12916
13737
13737
94018
24033
23234
24233
12916
94018
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
7.80E+02
1.70E+03
2.02E+04
1.62E+03
1.28E+03
2.94E+03
2.02E+02
1.44E+03
1.28E+03
9.14E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
4.87E+02
1.24E+03
1.99E+03
1.94E+02
1.68E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
3.90E+02
3.90E+02
2.94E+03
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
6.07E+03
3.12E+01
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
75
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.017414141
4.94E-02
6.87E-02
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
0.459146798
6.29E-03
1.56E-02
0.595363677
2.53E-02
0.161950201
1.99E-02
2.16E-03
6.55E-02
0.453660309
1.18E-02
6.70E-02
8.10E-02
2.32E-02
3.20E-02
9.45E-03
2.38E-02
1.15E-02
0.108694054
1.11E-02
0.164017469
0.017414141
2.17E-03
1.99E-02
0.12866129
0.164017469
8.10E-02
0.404124349
3.99E-03
0.017414141
0.164017469
(continued)
1-38
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
Site ID
24033
13880
13874
14935
24033
13874
14935
13968
94846
23234
23234
94846
13968
94018
13968
13874
23174
23234
13968
13874
14935
14935
13968
93193
12916
14935
13737
13737
23234
23234
24033
94846
24033
13968
14935
94846
Source Area
(m2)
2.79E+01
2.16E+05
1.74E+02
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
1.23E+03
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
4.86E+03
4.86E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
5.81E+02
1.74E+02
9.39E+03
2.36E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
3.90E+02
1.68E+03
2.94E+03
2.94E+03
4.86E+03
6.48E+03
2.79E+01
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
1.99E+03
1.68E+03
7.90E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
500
75
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
75
150
500
150
150
500
75
150
500
150
500
75
150
75
150
500
500
150
500
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.81E-04
2.87854147
1.15E-02
0.10937687
1.11E-02
0.218715727
5.18E-02
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
5.61E-02
5.61E-02
0.297966719
2.86E-03
0.164017469
5.81E-02
1.38E-03
1.722415924
0.193542421
3.34E-04
1.15E-02
5.18E-02
6.83E-03
9.70E-03
0.18215175
2.17E-03
0.108694054
1.99E-02
0.340185344
0.346287996
0.973131061
1.53E-03
4.94E-02
1.11E-02
0.172986329
1.54E-02
0.70691359
(continued)
1-39
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
Site ID
94018
94018
93193
13968
94846
24033
14935
24033
24033
13897
13880
24033
13874
24033
13874
94846
94846
23234
94018
94018
24033
13874
94018
23234
13963
94847
13880
94847
24033
12916
13874
14935
24033
93193
93815
23234
Source Area
(m2)
1.30E+03
l.OOE+03
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
5.55E+03
1.86E+03
2.67E+04
1.81E+03
1.23E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
5.40E+02
4.86E+03
1.30E+03
1.28E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
6.48E+03
4.61E+03
7.80E+02
1.04E+03
1.30E+02
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+04
6.48E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
75
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.32E-02
0.12979272
2.53E-02
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
6.87E-02
5.18E-02
8.10E-02
3.19E-02
0.240401059
0.161486879
1.11E-02
0.072232224
1.11E-02
1.38E-03
0.297966719
3.11E-02
5.61E-02
2.32E-02
2.29E-02
1.11E-02
1.15E-02
2.32E-02
0.973131061
0.284357309
6.29E-03
8.50E-03
8.92E-03
1.11E-02
0.017414141
1.15E-02
5.18E-02
1.11E-02
1.652960896
0.077218309
7.24E-02
(continued)
1-40
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
Site ID
94847
94846
13874
24033
14935
14935
13968
13874
24033
13968
13874
12839
24033
13968
14935
13963
13874
12916
13739
14935
13880
94846
24033
13968
24033
13968
94846
24033
94846
14935
94018
13874
14935
94846
12916
12916
Source Area
(m2)
5.30E+02
7.90E+03
4.49E+04
1.81E+03
1.68E+03
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.24E+03
8.76E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
1.77E+04
1.23E+03
3.90E+02
3.58E+03
1.70E+03
1.04E+03
7.90E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
1.30E+03
1.23E+03
1.70E+03
5.40E+02
3.90E+02
3.90E+02
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
500
50
500
150
75
75
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
50
150
150
150
150
75
75
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
4.33E-03
0.297966719
0.264645517
1.11E-02
0.484846026
0.149872139
2.86E-03
3.78E-02
0.228026822
3.34E-04
7.27E-02
7.77E-02
1.11E-02
3.34E-04
1.56E-02
0.144601092
0.393063277
0.017414141
0.18802318
0.10937687
6.25E-02
0.70691359
5.24E-03
3.34E-04
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
4.94E-02
8.10E-02
0.297966719
5.18E-02
0.164017469
9.39E-03
1.56E-02
3.94E-03
2.17E-03
2.17E-03
(continued)
1-41
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
Site ID
12916
13874
12916
12839
13963
13897
13874
94018
12839
94018
93193
13737
94018
23234
23234
24033
23234
24033
13968
13968
24033
13880
23234
12839
94018
13968
93815
94847
94847
13968
13994
13968
13874
23174
12842
93193
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
9.29E+02
8.82E+03
4.61E+03
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
2.94E+03
1.28E+03
4.86E+03
2.83E+03
1.81E+03
6.07E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
1.04E+03
4.86E+03
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+04
1.30E+02
5.30E+02
2.60E+01
4.80E+05
2.60E+01
1.23E+03
9.39E+03
5.20E+01
2.91E+04
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
500
500
500
75
500
75
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
75
150
500
150
75
75
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
75
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.017414141
1.15E-02
3.83E-02
0.078199565
4.18E-02
2.29E-02
3.78E-02
2.32E-02
1.087519169
0.164017469
2.53E-02
0.12866129
0.161950201
5.61E-02
0.224960372
8.10E-02
6.83E-02
1.11E-02
3.34E-04
3.34E-04
1.53E-03
0.180395633
0.346287996
7.77E-02
0.164017469
9.70E-03
1.047177553
8.92E-03
4.33E-03
2.86E-03
1.205390811
2.86E-03
0.072232224
0.775993705
1.64E-02
1.652960896
(continued)
1-42
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
Site ID
14935
13968
13874
23234
13897
14935
13968
23234
13874
13968
24033
94846
94846
12916
13874
13968
13963
94846
14935
24233
14935
94018
12916
24033
23234
24033
93193
14935
13897
13739
13874
13880
24033
23234
14935
94018
Source Area
(m2)
1.70E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
2.83E+03
3.86E+03
1.70E+03
2.28E+03
4.86E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
5.40E+02
5.40E+02
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
1.99E+03
1.77E+04
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
1.30E+03
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
6.48E+03
1.81E+03
2.91E+04
1.03E+03
1.16E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
3.04E+04
1.81E+03
2.36E+03
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
75
500
150
150
75
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.56E-02
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
0.224960372
0.433436334
0.10937687
2.71E-02
5.61E-02
1.15E-02
9.70E-03
1.11E-02
3.11E-02
3.11E-02
5.51E-02
1.38E-03
0.172986329
0.74918884
4.94E-02
6.83E-03
3.99E-03
6.83E-03
0.164017469
0.017414141
8.10E-02
7.24E-02
1.11E-02
0.343281299
9.60E-03
0.161779895
0.18802318
1.38E-03
0.896283686
8.10E-02
0.193542421
0.108694054
2.32E-02
(continued)
1-43
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
Site ID
24033
13874
24033
13739
14935
13968
24033
14935
12842
94018
13739
13874
23234
94847
12916
24011
13739
13874
24033
13968
13968
94018
14935
24233
12842
13968
23234
13874
13968
24033
93193
13968
13739
13968
13874
94018
Source Area
(m2)
2.79E+01
1.23E+03
1.81E+03
3.58E+03
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
2.15E+04
5.20E+01
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
6.48E+03
5.30E+02
3.90E+02
1.09E+03
4.87E+02
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
5.81E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.03E+03
3.12E+01
5.20E+01
2.60E+01
6.07E+03
1.74E+02
2.28E+03
1.81E+03
2.91E+04
2.60E+01
2.09E+03
2.60E+01
1.24E+03
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
500
75
500
150
75
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.81E-04
0.218715727
1.11E-02
0.18802318
1.352293134
2.86E-03
1.53E-03
0.149872139
5.75E-04
0.164017469
0.18802318
1.38E-03
7.24E-02
4.33E-03
2.17E-03
6.49E-03
3.20E-02
1.38E-03
8.10E-02
5.81E-02
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
7.04E-02
4.64E-04
5.75E-04
3.34E-04
6.83E-02
1.15E-02
2.71E-02
1.11E-02
0.343281299
2.86E-03
1.65E-02
3.34E-04
9.45E-03
2.32E-02
(continued)
1-44
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
Site ID
24033
94018
13874
13968
24033
13968
93815
13963
94018
3937
24011
94018
94018
13968
94846
13963
94018
24033
13739
13880
12916
24233
14935
94846
13968
12839
94018
13880
13897
93193
13968
14935
13963
13737
24011
14935
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
1.28E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
8.90E+03
4.61E+03
1.30E+03
1.24E+03
1.44E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.52E+03
5.40E+02
5.57E+02
1.30E+03
5.55E+03
2.09E+03
1.04E+03
3.90E+02
1.21E+04
1.70E+03
7.90E+03
5.81E+02
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
3.04E+04
1.16E+03
2.91E+04
1.52E+03
1.68E+03
4.61E+03
2.94E+03
1.09E+03
1.03E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
75
150
500
75
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
75
500
500
150
500
75
150
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
8.10E-02
2.29E-02
1.38E-03
9.70E-03
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
0.792311549
0.284357309
0.164017469
7.23E-02
0.198902726
0.164017469
2.32E-02
1.85E-02
3.11E-02
4.40E-02
2.32E-02
0.202939466
0.11715059
6.25E-02
0.017414141
0.150713742
1.56E-02
0.297966719
7.25E-03
0.456498176
0.459146798
0.180747584
2.29E-02
1.652960896
1.85E-02
0.292850286
0.284357309
1.99E-02
5.05E-02
7.04E-02
(continued)
1-45
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
Site ID
14935
93193
94018
13874
24033
14935
13963
12842
14935
13897
93193
13968
13874
13968
24033
13739
14935
13897
94846
94846
13897
13739
13874
12916
94846
24033
94846
24033
24033
13968
94018
24033
23174
13880
13874
13874
Source Area
(m2)
1.03E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
1.19E+04
5.20E+01
2.15E+04
1.86E+03
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.09E+03
1.68E+03
6.96E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
1.16E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
1.86E+04
2.79E+01
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
2.79E+01
5.81E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
2.93E+04
8.10E+04
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
75
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
50
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
9.60E-03
1.652960896
2.32E-02
1.15E-02
1.11E-02
5.18E-02
0.102946036
4.85E-03
0.689836383
0.240401059
2.53E-02
3.34E-04
1.38E-03
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
1.65E-02
0.108694054
0.642082036
4.94E-02
0.70691359
2.29E-02
2.75E-02
1.38E-03
2.17E-03
0.552988529
1.53E-03
0.297966719
9.17E-03
1.81E-04
7.25E-03
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
3.898567677
1.71443367
1.38E-03
1.38E-03
(continued)
1-46
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
Site ID
13968
12916
13874
24011
14935
13737
13739
24033
24033
13963
93815
13897
13874
14935
13968
13968
3937
23174
13963
24033
13897
13737
14935
94018
94018
94846
12916
13968
13968
13968
94018
13968
13963
13968
23234
14935
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
7.28E+02
1.03E+03
2.94E+03
3.58E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
5.57E+02
1.94E+02
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.24E+03
9.39E+03
5.57E+02
1.81E+03
1.86E+03
2.94E+03
2.15E+04
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
5.40E+02
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.52E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.19E+04
2.28E+03
6.48E+03
1.03E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
75
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.34E-04
0.017414141
3.78E-02
3.47E-02
9.60E-03
0.12866129
2.75E-02
8.10E-02
8.10E-02
4.40E-02
1.15E-02
0.161779895
1.15E-02
5.18E-02
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
0.010096526
0.775993705
4.40E-02
1.11E-02
0.240401059
0.12866129
0.149872139
2.32E-02
0.164017469
3.11E-02
2.17E-03
2.86E-03
2.86E-03
0.139482036
0.164017469
2.86E-03
0.591862321
2.71E-02
0.423418999
7.04E-02
(continued)
1-47
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
Site ID
13874
94018
24033
14935
94018
12916
94846
23234
94846
13874
94846
23234
24033
24033
13968
24033
24033
13874
14764
14935
24033
13739
13968
12916
93815
12916
94018
24033
94018
24033
13897
13897
94018
13968
13874
13874
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.68E+03
l.OOE+03
3.90E+02
7.90E+03
6.07E+03
5.11E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
2.36E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
4.58E+04
1.03E+03
1.81E+03
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
1.94E+02
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
6.96E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
500
150
75
500
75
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
75
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
75
150
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.15E-02
0.164017469
1.11E-02
1.54E-02
0.12979272
5.51E-02
4.94E-02
0.937069178
3.34E-02
1.38E-03
4.94E-02
2.86E-02
1.11E-02
1.11E-02
3.34E-04
1.81E-04
8.10E-02
1.38E-03
3.045788527
9.60E-03
8.10E-02
0.18802318
3.34E-04
2.17E-03
1.15E-02
0.017414141
2.32E-02
8.10E-02
0.164017469
1.11E-02
0.433126569
0.642082036
0.164017469
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-48
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
Site ID
13968
13968
14935
93815
13874
13737
13874
93815
93815
94018
23234
94846
13897
14935
24033
14935
24033
13874
94846
94847
12916
13874
94846
24033
93815
94846
14935
13968
13968
23234
13874
24033
13968
94846
14935
24033
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
5.81E+02
2.15E+04
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
1.74E+02
1.94E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
6.48E+03
7.90E+03
1.16E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
2.15E+04
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
1.30E+02
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+04
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
1.52E+03
2.36E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
75
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.34E-04
5.81E-02
0.149872139
6.70E-02
1.38E-03
0.12866129
1.38E-03
1.15E-02
0.009018256
0.164017469
0.423418999
0.297966719
0.161779895
0.150180772
1.11E-02
0.689836383
8.10E-02
1.38E-03
0.297966719
8.92E-03
0.017414141
1.38E-03
4.94E-02
1.11E-02
0.449256331
4.94E-02
5.18E-02
3.34E-04
0.139482036
2.86E-02
1.15E-02
1.11E-02
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
5.18E-02
8.10E-02
(continued)
1-49
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1774
1775
1776
1111
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
Site ID
13897
24033
13880
14764
13968
24033
14935
94846
13968
13737
13968
13737
24033
13968
24033
14935
93815
24033
13968
13968
23234
23234
24033
93193
13737
94018
13874
94018
23234
94018
94847
94846
94018
14935
13737
13968
Source Area
(m2)
1.86E+03
5.55E+03
2.67E+04
6.07E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.70E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.83E+04
1.94E+02
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
5.81E+02
6.48E+03
6.07E+03
1.49E+03
1.62E+03
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
4.86E+03
1.30E+03
5.30E+02
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.83E+04
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
50
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.240401059
3.19E-02
0.814245164
5.75E-02
3.34E-04
1.11E-02
1.56E-02
0.297966719
2.86E-03
0.12866129
2.86E-03
1.99E-02
1.11E-02
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
0.626706421
1.40E-03
1.05E-02
2.86E-03
7.25E-03
0.423418999
6.83E-02
6.87E-02
0.18215175
0.12866129
2.32E-02
1.38E-03
0.164017469
0.346287996
2.32E-02
3.36E-02
0.297966719
0.164017469
0.131324604
0.12866129
3.34E-04
(continued)
1-50
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
Site ID
13968
13968
13737
94018
93193
13957
12916
14935
23234
94847
93815
14935
13897
14935
24033
13880
94846
24033
94018
94018
3937
13968
94847
94846
13968
13968
12839
13739
13968
94018
14935
13968
24033
13897
24033
13968
Source Area
(m2)
2.28E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
7.66E+02
3.90E+02
7.24E+02
2.42E+03
1.30E+02
1.30E+03
7.24E+02
1.16E+03
1.68E+03
1.81E+03
1.04E+03
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.24E+03
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
5.11E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
8.76E+03
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
1.28E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
1.16E+03
1.81E+03
1.52E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.71E-02
3.34E-04
0.12866129
0.164017469
0.18215175
7.98E-03
0.017414141
6.83E-03
0.197342426
8.92E-03
6.70E-02
5.18E-02
0.161779895
0.108694054
1.11E-02
8.50E-03
0.297966719
1.11E-02
2.32E-02
0.164017469
0.010096526
2.86E-03
6.29E-03
0.213590831
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
0.456498176
0.18802318
3.34E-04
2.29E-02
7.04E-02
2.86E-03
1.53E-03
2.29E-02
1.11E-02
0.398771882
(continued)
1-51
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
Site ID
24033
13968
13897
13874
12839
14935
24033
13874
13897
13874
13874
24033
13874
13968
93815
13968
14935
24033
13963
12916
24033
94018
13880
13897
14935
94018
24033
13880
93815
14935
13968
13968
24033
13880
24033
13874
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
5.81E+02
1.86E+03
1.74E+02
2.02E+02
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
8.36E+01
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
2.79E+01
5.57E+02
3.90E+02
2.79E+01
1.28E+03
1.04E+03
6.96E+03
1.03E+03
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
1.62E+03
2.02E+04
1.68E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.62E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
500
150
500
50
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
75
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
75
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.11E-02
5.81E-02
0.240401059
1.38E-03
1.75E-02
6.83E-03
0.390205085
5.70E-03
0.161779895
1.38E-03
1.15E-02
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
3.34E-04
6.70E-02
9.70E-03
0.131324604
1.53E-03
4.40E-02
0.017414141
1.53E-03
2.29E-02
6.25E-02
0.642082036
7.04E-02
0.164017469
1.53E-03
9.32E-02
1.310637474
0.108694054
2.86E-03
2.86E-03
8.10E-02
9.32E-02
1.11E-02
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-52
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
Site ID
24033
12916
14935
14935
24033
12842
94846
13874
14935
93193
24033
24033
13874
93193
14935
12842
24033
24033
12916
94018
13897
14935
13968
12842
94018
23174
24033
13874
13874
12842
93815
13963
12916
24033
14935
13897
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
7.24E+02
1.83E+04
5.55E+03
5.20E+01
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
1.62E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.62E+05
1.83E+04
5.20E+01
1.49E+03
1.49E+03
3.90E+02
l.OOE+03
2.31E+05
1.68E+03
2.60E+01
5.20E+01
1.30E+03
9.39E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
5.20E+01
1.94E+02
5.57E+02
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.83E+04
1.86E+03
Distance
(m)
500
75
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
75
150
500
75
75
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
50
150
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.11E-02
5.51E-02
6.83E-03
0.131324604
0.202939466
5.75E-04
4.94E-02
1.38E-03
5.18E-02
0.18215175
1.11E-02
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.380677104
0.131324604
4.85E-03
9.17E-03
6.87E-02
5.51E-02
0.12979272
1.760611653
0.292850286
9.70E-03
5.75E-04
0.164017469
0.13070333
1.11E-02
1.38E-03
1.38E-03
4.85E-03
0.071042426
4.40E-02
0.017414141
8.10E-02
0.131324604
0.240401059
(continued)
1-53
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
Site ID
24233
14935
12839
24033
94846
13874
13897
14935
13874
13968
13968
93193
23174
94018
13880
14935
24033
14764
14935
14935
24011
13874
12839
94846
12916
23234
13739
13968
94846
14740
13880
24033
24033
24033
13874
94846
Source Area
(m2)
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
8.82E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
7.24E+02
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.62E+03
2.93E+04
1.30E+03
6.99E+03
1.03E+03
1.81E+03
4.58E+04
1.68E+03
1.70E+03
7.28E+02
8.36E+01
8.82E+03
5.40E+02
3.90E+02
2.83E+03
2.09E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
9.14E+02
1.04E+03
1.49E+03
2.79E+01
2.79E+01
1.74E+02
5.11E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
75
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
75
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
3.99E-03
5.18E-02
0.078199565
8.10E-02
0.70691359
1.15E-02
0.161779895
5.18E-02
1.38E-03
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
2.53E-02
0.356077075
0.164017469
5.03E-02
9.60E-03
1.11E-02
0.325622469
1.54E-02
0.10937687
4.37E-03
5.70E-03
1.092707038
3.94E-03
0.017414141
3.39E-02
0.11715059
3.34E-04
0.297966719
8.63E-02
8.50E-03
6.87E-02
1.81E-04
1.81E-04
1.38E-03
0.213590831
(continued)
1-54
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Site ID
12839
94018
13739
13874
94018
24033
94847
14935
24233
13897
12916
94846
13968
23234
13963
23234
13739
13968
13897
13968
13897
13968
13968
24033
23174
13968
13968
94018
14935
94846
94018
23234
94018
13874
13897
13874
Source Area
(m2)
8.76E+03
1.30E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
7.80E+02
7.24E+02
3.12E+01
1.16E+03
3.90E+02
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
2.83E+03
1.19E+04
6.07E+03
3.58E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
1.99E+03
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
2.93E+04
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.03E+03
5.40E+02
1.30E+03
2.83E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
75
150
500
150
150
500
150
75
150
150
150
150
500
150
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.456498176
2.32E-02
2.75E-02
1.15E-02
0.164017469
1.11E-02
6.29E-03
6.83E-03
4.64E-04
2.29E-02
0.017414141
0.297966719
2.86E-03
0.224960372
0.591862321
0.404124349
2.75E-02
3.34E-04
0.240401059
3.34E-04
0.240401059
0.476182252
2.86E-03
1.81E-04
1.651089549
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
0.164017469
0.197674334
3.11E-02
0.164017469
0.224960372
0.164017469
1.38E-03
0.161779895
3.78E-02
(continued)
1-55
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Site ID
93815
94846
24033
12916
93815
94847
13968
94018
93193
13737
13874
13897
13874
13874
13880
94846
23234
14935
13880
13897
13968
14935
14764
12916
14764
94018
12916
13739
13968
94018
13968
13968
14935
12839
12839
13739
Source Area
(m2)
1.94E+02
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
1.94E+02
1.30E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
2.94E+03
1.24E+03
1.16E+03
1.23E+03
1.74E+02
1.04E+03
7.90E+03
6.07E+03
1.70E+03
2.67E+04
6.96E+03
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
6.07E+03
3.90E+02
6.07E+03
1.30E+03
3.90E+02
3.58E+03
5.81E+02
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.03E+03
8.82E+03
8.82E+03
2.09E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
50
500
500
150
75
150
500
500
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.15E-02
3.11E-02
8.10E-02
0.017414141
1.40E-03
1.08E-03
2.86E-03
0.164017469
2.53E-02
0.12866129
9.45E-03
0.161779895
9.39E-03
1.15E-02
6.25E-02
4.94E-02
6.83E-02
0.10937687
0.161486879
0.642082036
2.86E-03
0.626706421
0.340731502
0.017414141
5.75E-02
0.794203997
2.17E-03
2.75E-02
5.81E-02
0.459146798
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
9.60E-03
0.458975971
0.078199565
0.11715059
(continued)
1-56
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
Site ID
93193
24033
94018
13968
13968
94847
93193
24033
14935
13739
13874
23234
13874
93193
13968
93815
93815
13874
94847
24033
13963
12839
13737
13968
24033
13880
13737
13968
14935
24033
14935
13968
94018
24011
12839
13968
Source Area
(m2)
1.62E+03
1.49E+03
l.OOE+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
1.62E+03
1.81E+03
1.03E+03
3.58E+03
1.74E+02
2.42E+03
1.74E+02
2.91E+04
2.60E+01
1.30E+04
2.02E+04
1.74E+02
5.30E+02
1.81E+03
1.77E+04
8.82E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.04E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
7.28E+02
8.76E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
500
500
75
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.18215175
6.87E-02
1.80E-02
2.86E-03
2.86E-03
6.29E-03
0.18215175
1.11E-02
9.60E-03
2.75E-02
1.15E-02
0.197342426
1.38E-03
0.343281299
2.86E-03
0.077218309
0.111287095
1.15E-02
4.33E-03
1.11E-02
0.144601092
0.458975971
1.99E-02
3.34E-04
1.11E-02
0.180395633
1.99E-02
3.34E-04
6.83E-03
1.11E-02
5.18E-02
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
3.47E-02
0.456498176
3.34E-04
(continued)
1-57
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
Site ID
12916
13897
13963
14740
93193
14935
24033
94018
93193
94846
13737
14935
24033
13968
23234
14935
13968
13874
14935
93815
24011
13968
14935
13739
13968
13874
24033
24033
14935
94018
24033
23234
24033
13897
94846
13968
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
6.69E+02
5.57E+02
9.14E+02
1.62E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
7.90E+03
2.94E+03
7.24E+02
2.79E+01
2.28E+03
6.07E+03
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
1.30E+04
7.28E+02
2.60E+01
1.68E+03
2.09E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.83E+04
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
6.07E+03
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
50
500
500
75
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
75
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
75
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.017414141
1.35E-02
5.34E-03
0.411008537
2.53E-02
6.83E-03
0.228026822
0.164017469
0.18215175
4.94E-02
0.12866129
5.18E-02
1.81E-04
2.71E-02
6.83E-02
5.18E-02
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
0.131324604
0.077218309
4.37E-03
3.34E-04
0.108694054
0.335079104
3.34E-04
1.38E-03
1.11E-02
8.10E-02
0.626706421
0.164017469
1.11E-02
6.83E-02
8.10E-02
0.161779895
0.70691359
3.34E-04
(continued)
1-58
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
Site ID
94018
14764
14935
13880
23174
94018
93193
13874
13737
93193
24033
13968
13968
94846
24033
13963
13968
94847
13968
94846
13897
13880
94846
13739
14935
93193
24033
94018
12916
3937
24033
13739
24011
14935
13963
14935
Source Area
(m2)
1.30E+03
6.07E+03
1.03E+03
1.04E+03
9.39E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
4.49E+04
2.94E+03
2.91E+04
1.81E+03
5.81E+02
5.81E+02
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
4.61E+03
2.28E+03
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.16E+03
8.10E+04
5.40E+02
2.09E+03
1.68E+03
1.62E+03
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
9.29E+02
1.24E+03
2.79E+01
2.09E+03
1.46E+03
7.24E+02
5.57E+02
7.24E+02
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
75
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.164017469
0.340731502
9.60E-03
6.25E-02
0.13070333
2.32E-02
0.18215175
1.289641619
1.99E-02
0.343281299
8.10E-02
7.25E-03
7.25E-03
4.94E-02
8.10E-02
0.284357309
2.71E-02
4.66E-02
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
0.433126569
1.71443367
3.94E-03
0.11715059
0.108694054
2.53E-02
6.87E-02
0.164017469
5.04E-03
7.23E-02
1.53E-03
1.65E-02
8.60E-03
6.83E-03
4.40E-02
6.83E-03
(continued)
1-59
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
Site ID
13897
14764
24033
14935
12916
93193
13897
13968
24033
24033
13968
94847
93815
94846
13874
94846
94846
13874
93815
12842
14935
94846
23234
24033
94846
94846
13897
93815
14935
13968
12842
93193
93815
13968
14840
23234
Source Area
(m2)
1.16E+03
4.58E+04
1.81E+03
1.03E+03
3.90E+02
1.62E+05
3.86E+03
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.80E+02
1.94E+02
7.90E+03
9.29E+01
5.11E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
5.20E+01
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
4.86E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
1.86E+03
1.94E+02
1.70E+03
2.60E+01
5.20E+01
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
8.88E+03
6.07E+03
Distance
(m)
50
500
75
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
75
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
50
150
500
150
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.716510475
0.325622469
0.228026822
7.04E-02
2.17E-03
4.407284737
7.21E-02
3.34E-04
1.53E-03
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
4.66E-02
1.15E-02
4.94E-02
6.30E-03
3.34E-02
4.94E-02
1.38E-03
6.70E-02
1.64E-02
6.83E-03
4.94E-02
0.346287996
1.11E-02
0.297966719
0.297966719
3.61E-02
1.40E-03
0.10937687
2.86E-03
5.75E-04
4.30161047
6.70E-02
3.34E-04
0.299487591
0.937069178
(continued)
1-60
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
1161
Site ID
13968
13874
94846
24033
94847
13968
94018
14935
13739
13897
13897
13968
93815
94846
13968
24033
94846
23234
13880
24033
14935
12839
94018
13737
13739
93193
13880
94018
14935
94018
13968
13968
14764
94846
13897
14935
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
3.52E+03
7.24E+02
3.58E+03
1.16E+03
3.86E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+04
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
4.86E+03
1.62E+03
1.49E+03
1.83E+04
8.82E+03
1.28E+03
2.94E+03
2.09E+03
1.62E+03
2.16E+05
l.OOE+03
1.03E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
6.07E+03
7.90E+03
1.86E+03
1.03E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
75
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
75
150
75
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
4.94E-02
8.10E-02
6.29E-03
2.86E-03
5.96E-02
0.150180772
2.75E-02
0.161779895
7.21E-02
3.34E-04
0.077218309
0.297966719
2.86E-03
0.228026822
0.297966719
0.828972638
9.32E-02
6.87E-02
0.131324604
0.458975971
2.29E-02
0.12866129
1.65E-02
0.18215175
2.87854147
0.12979272
7.04E-02
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
5.75E-02
4.94E-02
0.240401059
0.197674334
(continued)
1-61
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
Site ID
13737
23234
94846
13968
93815
14935
94018
13897
13968
23234
13897
24033
94847
94018
94018
24033
13874
94018
24011
23234
94018
94018
24033
24033
24033
12842
13874
13897
13739
94018
24033
24033
13897
94847
23174
13874
Source Area
(m2)
2.94E+03
2.83E+03
5.11E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+04
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
2.60E+01
2.42E+03
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
5.30E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
l.OOE+03
1.44E+03
2.36E+03
1.30E+03
1.17E+05
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
5.55E+03
5.20E+01
1.74E+02
3.86E+03
4.87E+02
l.OOE+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
5.30E+02
2.93E+04
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
500
75
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.99E-02
3.39E-02
0.213590831
3.34E-04
1.047177553
0.108694054
0.164017469
3.61E-02
3.34E-04
0.197342426
0.240401059
1.11E-02
4.33E-03
0.164017469
0.164017469
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.80E-02
8.51E-03
2.86E-02
0.164017469
1.134759068
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
3.19E-02
4.85E-03
1.15E-02
7.21E-02
3.20E-02
0.12979272
1.11E-02
8.10E-02
0.161779895
4.33E-03
0.356077075
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-62
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
Site ID
13874
94846
13968
13880
13737
13737
13897
14935
93815
13968
14935
24033
13968
24033
14764
13897
24033
94846
24033
13968
13897
93193
24033
12842
13874
12916
94846
13968
23234
13874
93815
14740
24033
13968
94018
13897
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
4.05E+03
2.94E+03
2.94E+03
1.86E+03
7.24E+02
1.30E+04
2.60E+01
1.03E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
2.79E+01
6.07E+03
1.86E+03
1.49E+03
7.90E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
2.91E+04
1.81E+03
5.20E+01
8.36E+01
3.90E+02
7.90E+03
5.81E+02
6.07E+03
1.74E+02
8.90E+03
9.14E+02
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
75
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.15E-02
0.297966719
3.34E-04
0.202204108
1.99E-02
0.12866129
3.61E-02
5.18E-02
0.449256331
3.34E-04
0.197674334
1.81E-04
2.86E-03
1.53E-03
0.340731502
0.240401059
6.87E-02
4.94E-02
8.10E-02
2.86E-03
3.61E-02
0.343281299
1.11E-02
5.75E-04
5.70E-03
2.17E-03
0.297966719
5.81E-02
0.404124349
1.15E-02
5.43E-02
8.63E-02
9.17E-03
2.86E-03
0.164017469
3.61E-02
(continued)
1-63
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
Site ID
14935
93193
23234
94018
13897
24033
13874
13968
14740
13897
13880
13874
94018
12842
13739
13968
3937
13968
14935
94018
13968
24033
94018
13874
13739
94018
13737
24233
14935
13880
14935
13874
13968
23234
14935
13968
Source Area
(m2)
7.24E+02
1.62E+03
2.36E+03
3.52E+03
1.16E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
9.14E+02
1.86E+03
1.04E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
5.20E+01
3.58E+03
5.81E+02
7.43E+02
2.28E+03
7.24E+02
1.17E+05
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
8.36E+01
3.58E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
1.04E+03
1.83E+04
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
2.83E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
75
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
75
150
75
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.83E-03
0.18215175
2.86E-02
0.378584981
2.29E-02
1.11E-02
1.15E-02
3.34E-04
1.18E-02
0.240401059
6.25E-02
1.38E-03
2.32E-02
5.75E-04
0.18802318
7.25E-03
4.60E-02
2.71E-02
5.18E-02
6.157810688
2.86E-03
8.10E-02
2.32E-02
5.70E-03
0.18802318
2.32E-02
0.12866129
3.99E-03
5.18E-02
8.50E-03
1.252596378
1.15E-02
9.70E-03
0.224960372
9.60E-03
3.34E-04
(continued)
1-64
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
Site ID
12842
23234
13968
94018
23234
24033
24033
24033
94846
13897
13737
13739
94018
13968
14935
94846
13968
13968
13874
13968
93815
94846
93815
24033
13897
13968
13968
14935
13968
94846
13874
93193
13897
13963
13874
24033
Source Area
(m2)
5.20E+01
6.07E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.36E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
6.69E+02
2.94E+03
2.09E+03
1.30E+03
1.99E+03
1.03E+03
7.90E+03
5.81E+02
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
1.94E+02
1.81E+03
1.16E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
1.52E+03
5.40E+02
1.74E+02
1.62E+03
1.16E+03
2.15E+05
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
50
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
150
500
150
50
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
5.75E-04
0.404124349
2.86E-03
0.794203997
0.193542421
8.10E-02
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
4.94E-02
0.101128809
1.99E-02
1.65E-02
2.32E-02
0.172986329
7.04E-02
4.94E-02
7.25E-03
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
2.86E-03
6.70E-02
4.94E-02
1.40E-03
1.11E-02
0.161779895
2.86E-03
2.86E-03
0.294345737
0.139482036
3.94E-03
1.38E-03
0.18215175
2.29E-02
3.048651695
7.42E-02
1.11E-02
(continued)
1-65
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
Site ID
24033
12916
24033
12916
94846
13874
13897
24233
23234
94847
94846
13968
13874
13739
93815
14764
13968
13897
13874
14935
94847
13968
13874
24033
94846
24033
13874
24033
13737
94846
14935
13739
13963
3937
24033
13968
Source Area
(m2)
2.79E+01
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
3.12E+01
2.36E+03
7.80E+02
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
3.58E+03
2.02E+04
6.07E+03
2.60E+01
2.31E+05
1.74E+02
1.70E+03
7.80E+02
2.28E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
3.33E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
5.40E+02
1.83E+04
3.58E+03
1.19E+04
1.24E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
Distance
(m)
500
500
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
75
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
75
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.81E-04
2.17E-03
1.11E-02
2.17E-03
0.297966719
1.15E-02
2.29E-02
3.99E-03
2.86E-02
4.66E-02
0.297966719
3.34E-04
1.38E-03
2.75E-02
0.595363677
5.75E-02
2.86E-03
1.760611653
1.15E-02
1.56E-02
0.130357772
0.193842337
1.15E-02
1.11E-02
0.297966719
0.13681522
1.15E-02
8.10E-02
0.12866129
3.11E-02
0.131324604
0.18802318
0.102946036
7.23E-02
1.11E-02
9.70E-03
(continued)
1-66
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2211
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
Site ID
12916
94018
14935
13897
93815
94846
13963
94018
23234
24033
24033
93193
13968
14935
93815
94018
13874
14764
14935
23234
24011
13968
94846
14935
13739
3937
94018
13968
24033
13874
24033
23234
12916
94018
13874
13737
Source Area
(m2)
3.90E+02
2.02E+02
1.83E+04
1.86E+03
1.30E+03
5.40E+02
5.57E+02
1.30E+03
4.86E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
1.30E+04
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
4.58E+04
1.83E+04
6.07E+03
1.46E+03
5.81E+02
7.90E+03
1.03E+03
2.09E+03
1.30E+05
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.81E+03
2.42E+03
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
9.29E+01
2.94E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
75
150
150
500
75
500
75
500
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
50
150
75
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.17E-03
3.03E-02
0.131324604
0.613451004
6.70E-02
3.11E-02
5.34E-03
0.459146798
5.61E-02
0.228026822
1.11E-02
2.53E-02
3.34E-04
6.83E-03
0.077218309
2.32E-02
1.15E-02
1.522423148
0.626706421
0.404124349
8.60E-03
5.81E-02
4.94E-02
7.04E-02
0.11715059
5.351579189
0.164017469
9.70E-03
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.11E-02
0.197342426
2.17E-03
2.32E-02
7.43E-04
1.99E-02
(continued)
1-67
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
Site ID
13968
94846
13968
93193
23174
14935
13874
12916
24033
24033
13968
94846
14935
24033
14935
13897
12842
12916
13874
13880
13874
13874
94018
13968
94847
94018
24033
13897
93815
94018
23234
94847
13874
94018
94018
14935
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
2.28E+03
1.62E+03
9.39E+03
7.24E+02
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
3.33E+03
7.24E+02
1.86E+03
5.20E+01
3.90E+02
1.74E+02
1.04E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
l.OOE+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+02
3.52E+03
1.49E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+04
l.OOE+03
4.86E+03
5.30E+02
1.74E+02
l.OOE+03
3.52E+03
1.83E+04
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
50
500
150
500
150
75
150
75
500
150
75
500
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
75
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.86E-03
0.297966719
2.71E-02
0.900720894
0.13070333
5.18E-02
1.38E-03
0.017414141
0.228026822
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
4.94E-02
5.18E-02
0.356505185
6.83E-03
3.61E-02
4.85E-03
0.017414141
1.38E-03
8.50E-03
1.15E-02
1.15E-02
0.12979272
3.34E-04
8.92E-03
5.96E-02
0.198487192
2.29E-02
0.449256331
1.80E-02
5.61E-02
3.36E-02
1.38E-03
0.12979272
0.378584981
0.131324604
(continued)
1-68
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
Site ID
13739
93193
13874
93815
13968
13968
13897
24033
24033
13968
13968
14935
3937
93193
13968
93193
23174
14935
13968
94018
13968
24033
24033
24033
14935
94846
13897
94846
14935
12916
94018
93815
13874
23234
24033
13874
Source Area
(m2)
3.58E+03
1.62E+03
1.74E+02
2.02E+04
2.60E+01
1.99E+03
1.16E+03
2.79E+01
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
1.30E+05
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
2.91E+04
2.93E+04
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.28E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
1.16E+03
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
4.86E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
50
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
75
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.18802318
2.53E-02
1.38E-03
0.595363677
3.34E-04
0.172986329
2.29E-02
1.81E-04
1.11E-02
3.34E-04
3.34E-04
0.48696509
2.23148489
2.53E-02
3.34E-04
0.343281299
1.651089549
0.689836383
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
0.193842337
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
8.10E-02
5.18E-02
4.94E-02
0.161779895
4.94E-02
5.18E-02
0.017414141
0.164017469
0.009018256
1.15E-02
5.61E-02
0.228026822
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-69
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
Site ID
13874
23174
14935
94018
94018
24033
12916
24033
24033
24033
94018
13897
13968
24033
23234
24233
94018
93193
12916
13968
94018
13968
13874
12916
94018
94018
13968
12916
24033
13968
12916
12916
13897
13968
13897
94846
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
2.93E+04
1.68E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
5.55E+03
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.49E+03
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
6.69E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
2.83E+03
3.12E+01
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
3.90E+02
1.16E+03
5.81E+02
1.16E+03
7.90E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
50
500
75
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.38E-03
1.651089549
1.54E-02
0.164017469
2.32E-02
0.202939466
2.17E-03
8.10E-02
9.17E-03
6.87E-02
2.32E-02
0.493969887
3.34E-04
0.228026822
3.39E-02
4.64E-04
0.164017469
0.18215175
0.017414141
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
2.17E-03
0.164017469
0.164017469
3.34E-04
0.017414141
9.17E-03
3.34E-04
0.017414141
0.017414141
0.161779895
7.25E-03
2.29E-02
0.297966719
(continued)
1-70
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
Site ID
13963
13737
14935
13874
24011
24033
13874
94018
94018
13897
13874
23174
13897
14935
94018
94846
13968
24033
24033
13739
93815
13968
12916
14935
13968
94846
12916
13874
94846
94846
14935
93815
23174
12839
94018
13897
Source Area
(m2)
5.57E+02
2.94E+03
1.03E+03
1.74E+02
7.28E+02
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
2.93E+04
6.96E+03
1.70E+03
1.30E+03
5.40E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
2.09E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
7.24E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
3.90E+02
8.36E+01
7.90E+03
5.40E+02
1.68E+03
2.02E+04
9.39E+03
8.82E+03
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
Distance
(m)
150
75
500
150
150
75
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
4.40E-02
0.340185344
9.60E-03
1.15E-02
3.47E-02
0.228026822
1.38E-03
0.164017469
2.32E-02
2.29E-02
1.38E-03
1.651089549
0.642082036
0.10937687
0.164017469
3.94E-03
3.34E-04
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
0.11715059
6.70E-02
3.34E-04
0.017414141
5.18E-02
2.86E-03
0.297966719
2.17E-03
5.70E-03
4.94E-02
3.11E-02
1.54E-02
0.111287095
0.775993705
0.458975971
0.164017469
3.61E-02
(continued)
1-71
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
Site ID
24011
13874
24033
24033
13897
13968
13874
14742
94846
94846
13963
14935
14764
93815
13739
12842
13874
13874
23234
13968
94846
14935
14935
93815
12916
94018
93193
14935
24233
13874
14935
13968
13968
94018
14935
13739
Source Area
(m2)
1.44E+03
1.74E+02
2.79E+01
1.81E+03
6.96E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.01E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
5.57E+02
7.24E+02
4.58E+04
1.94E+02
4.87E+02
5.20E+01
1.24E+03
1.74E+02
2.83E+03
5.81E+02
7.90E+03
1.68E+03
1.68E+03
1.30E+04
3.90E+02
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
1.03E+03
3.12E+01
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.03E+03
3.58E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
50
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
6.55E-02
1.38E-03
1.81E-04
8.10E-02
0.120370112
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
7.64E-03
0.297966719
0.297966719
5.34E-03
5.18E-02
0.325622469
1.15E-02
4.04E-03
5.75E-04
9.45E-03
1.15E-02
3.39E-02
5.81E-02
0.297966719
0.108694054
0.484846026
0.077218309
0.017414141
2.32E-02
0.18215175
7.04E-02
3.99E-03
1.38E-03
0.131324604
3.34E-04
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
7.04E-02
2.75E-02
(continued)
1-72
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
Site ID
13874
13874
13968
14935
13739
94018
14935
94847
13968
14935
12842
14935
14935
13968
24033
13963
13897
94018
94018
13880
13737
13897
23234
14935
24033
13968
24033
94018
12842
13874
13968
12916
13968
12916
24033
93815
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
4.87E+02
1.30E+03
1.03E+03
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
1.83E+04
5.20E+01
2.15E+04
2.15E+04
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
5.57E+02
1.86E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
8.10E+04
2.94E+03
6.96E+03
2.83E+03
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
5.20E+01
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
1.81E+03
1.94E+02
Distance
(m)
150
150
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
150
75
500
150
150
150
500
150
50
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.15E-02
1.15E-02
3.34E-04
0.626706421
4.04E-03
0.164017469
7.04E-02
4.66E-02
2.86E-03
0.131324604
5.75E-04
0.689836383
0.689836383
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
4.40E-02
0.240401059
0.164017469
2.32E-02
1.71443367
0.12866129
0.120370112
0.224960372
1.56E-02
8.10E-02
9.70E-03
9.17E-03
0.164017469
4.85E-03
1.15E-02
3.34E-04
0.017414141
1.94E-02
0.017414141
1.11E-02
1.40E-03
(continued)
1-73
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
Site ID
13737
13874
13968
23234
13880
12916
13968
94846
13874
13739
13897
94846
13737
13968
24033
23234
13874
23174
13968
93193
94018
13968
13897
94846
13897
94018
13897
13897
94018
13737
13968
14840
13874
94018
13880
24033
Source Area
(m2)
2.94E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
4.86E+03
4.86E+03
3.90E+02
2.28E+03
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
4.87E+02
1.86E+03
7.90E+03
2.94E+03
1.99E+03
1.81E+03
6.48E+03
9.29E+01
2.93E+04
2.60E+01
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
7.90E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
1.16E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
2.60E+01
8.88E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
6.99E+03
1.49E+03
Distance
(m)
50
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
75
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.573708653
1.38E-03
3.34E-04
0.346287996
3.64E-02
2.17E-03
0.193842337
4.94E-02
1.15E-02
3.20E-02
3.61E-02
0.297966719
1.99E-02
2.38E-02
8.10E-02
0.423418999
6.30E-03
1.651089549
9.70E-03
0.343281299
0.164017469
2.86E-03
0.240401059
0.297966719
0.161779895
0.164017469
2.29E-02
0.161779895
0.164017469
0.12866129
3.34E-04
0.299487591
1.15E-02
0.164017469
5.03E-02
6.87E-02
(continued)
1-74
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
Site ID
23234
94018
93815
94018
13874
94846
94846
24033
13739
13897
13739
13968
13874
94847
13968
14935
13874
14935
94018
94846
24033
13968
13737
13897
13739
24033
94847
94018
24033
13874
14935
13739
94018
13874
14935
13874
Source Area
(m2)
6.48E+03
1.30E+03
1.94E+02
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
7.90E+03
5.40E+02
1.81E+03
3.58E+03
1.16E+03
2.09E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
1.70E+03
8.36E+01
7.24E+02
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
2.31E+05
3.58E+03
1.49E+03
5.30E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
8.36E+01
1.68E+03
3.58E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
7.24E+02
1.74E+02
Distance
(m)
500
500
150
500
75
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
7.24E-02
2.32E-02
1.15E-02
2.32E-02
3.78E-02
4.94E-02
3.94E-03
1.11E-02
2.75E-02
0.161779895
1.65E-02
2.86E-03
1.15E-02
4.66E-02
2.86E-03
0.294345737
5.70E-03
6.83E-03
2.32E-02
4.94E-02
6.87E-02
3.34E-04
0.12866129
4.531942844
2.75E-02
9.17E-03
4.33E-03
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
5.70E-03
1.54E-02
2.75E-02
0.164017469
1.15E-02
6.83E-03
1.15E-02
(continued)
1-75
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
Site ID
14764
13968
24033
13963
24033
13874
13737
24033
24233
14935
23234
13874
93815
13874
24033
13739
93193
12916
94846
93193
94018
13968
13968
13897
24011
24033
13874
94018
24033
23234
13874
94018
13968
3937
13737
24033
Source Area
(m2)
6.07E+03
2.28E+03
1.81E+03
5.57E+02
1.49E+03
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
2.79E+01
3.12E+01
7.24E+02
2.83E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
2.79E+01
2.09E+03
2.91E+04
9.29E+02
7.90E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
1.44E+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
6.07E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
5.81E+02
7.43E+02
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
50
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
50
150
500
150
75
500
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
5.75E-02
0.193842337
1.11E-02
5.34E-03
6.87E-02
1.38E-03
0.12866129
1.05E-02
4.64E-04
5.18E-02
3.39E-02
1.38E-03
6.70E-02
1.15E-02
1.53E-03
0.11715059
0.343281299
3.83E-02
1.10594821
1.652960896
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
9.70E-03
3.61E-02
6.55E-02
8.10E-02
1.38E-03
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
0.404124349
1.15E-02
0.164017469
7.25E-03
4.60E-02
1.99E-02
1.11E-02
(continued)
1-76
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
Site ID
13874
14935
13739
13874
94018
14935
14935
14935
24033
94018
23234
13874
13874
14935
93815
13963
94018
93815
24033
13739
13874
24033
14935
94018
12916
13968
94018
94847
24033
94018
13968
14742
13874
93815
13874
13737
Source Area
(m2)
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
2.09E+03
1.74E+02
l.OOE+03
1.03E+03
7.24E+02
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.28E+03
6.07E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.03E+03
1.30E+03
2.15E+05
1.30E+03
1.30E+04
1.81E+03
4.87E+02
1.23E+03
1.81E+03
1.70E+03
1.28E+03
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.30E+02
1.49E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
1.01E+03
9.29E+01
1.94E+02
1.24E+03
2.94E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
75
150
500
75
150
500
75
150
150
75
500
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
75
150
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.38E-03
0.626706421
0.11715059
1.15E-02
1.80E-02
7.04E-02
6.83E-03
5.18E-02
1.11E-02
0.453660309
0.404124349
1.38E-03
3.78E-02
7.04E-02
0.009018256
5.074141502
0.164017469
0.449256331
0.228026822
4.04E-03
9.39E-03
8.10E-02
1.56E-02
0.161950201
0.017414141
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
8.92E-03
6.87E-02
2.32E-02
2.86E-03
5.99E-02
2.13E-02
1.15E-02
9.45E-03
0.12866129
(continued)
1-77
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
Site ID
24033
94018
13739
94018
13874
13874
13737
24033
94846
94846
13963
13737
23174
94018
23174
14935
93815
24033
94846
93193
94847
23234
12916
14935
94018
94018
24033
93815
24011
24033
14935
12839
93815
94846
12842
14935
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
4.87E+02
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
7.90E+03
5.57E+02
2.94E+03
2.93E+04
1.30E+03
2.93E+04
1.03E+03
1.94E+02
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
2.91E+04
1.30E+02
2.42E+03
3.90E+02
1.83E+04
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
2.79E+01
1.30E+04
1.09E+03
1.81E+03
1.68E+03
8.76E+03
1.94E+02
7.90E+03
5.20E+01
7.24E+02
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
50
150
150
500
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.11E-02
0.164017469
3.20E-02
0.164017469
1.15E-02
3.78E-02
0.12866129
1.11E-02
4.94E-02
4.94E-02
4.40E-02
0.12866129
1.651089549
0.164017469
1.651089549
9.60E-03
1.15E-02
1.11E-02
0.297966719
0.343281299
1.08E-03
0.197342426
0.017414141
0.626706421
0.164017469
0.164017469
1.53E-03
0.449256331
5.05E-02
1.11E-02
0.484846026
0.456498176
1.15E-02
4.94E-02
4.85E-03
6.83E-03
(continued)
1-78
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
Site ID
94018
23234
14935
24033
94846
14935
24033
13897
24033
13968
3937
13968
94846
13968
94846
23234
94018
13874
13739
14935
24033
94846
94018
13737
13897
94018
14935
13963
94018
12839
24033
94018
14935
14935
14764
13963
Source Area
(m2)
1.30E+03
6.07E+03
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
7.24E+02
2.79E+01
6.96E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
7.43E+02
2.28E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
6.07E+03
1.30E+03
1.24E+03
2.09E+03
1.70E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
2.94E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
1.68E+03
1.77E+04
1.30E+03
8.82E+03
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.03E+03
1.83E+04
6.07E+03
1.19E+04
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.164017469
6.83E-02
0.10937687
8.10E-02
0.297966719
5.18E-02
1.53E-03
0.642082036
1.81E-04
2.86E-03
6.13E-03
2.71E-02
0.297966719
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
0.404124349
0.164017469
7.27E-02
0.11715059
1.56E-02
8.10E-02
4.94E-02
2.32E-02
1.99E-02
0.161779895
0.164017469
0.108694054
0.74918884
0.164017469
0.458975971
1.11E-02
2.32E-02
9.60E-03
0.131324604
0.340731502
0.591862321
(continued)
1-79
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
Site ID
14935
14935
23234
24033
14764
24033
14935
24033
94846
24033
14935
13968
12916
13968
94018
13874
24033
13968
13874
13968
94846
93815
14740
13739
24033
13968
13897
14764
14935
24033
24033
13968
13737
24033
13968
14935
Source Area
(m2)
2.15E+04
2.15E+04
2.36E+03
1.81E+03
6.07E+03
2.79E+01
1.83E+04
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
1.70E+03
2.60E+01
3.90E+02
2.60E+01
1.17E+05
1.74E+02
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
9.14E+02
3.58E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
1.86E+03
6.07E+03
7.24E+02
1.81E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.24E+02
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
150
75
500
500
500
150
150
75
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.689836383
0.149872139
0.193542421
8.10E-02
0.340731502
5.24E-03
0.131324604
1.11E-02
4.94E-02
6.87E-02
0.10937687
9.70E-03
2.17E-03
3.34E-04
3.857833147
1.15E-02
6.87E-02
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
2.86E-03
4.94E-02
0.009018256
1.18E-02
0.18802318
1.81E-04
2.86E-03
0.240401059
0.340731502
6.83E-03
8.10E-02
1.11E-02
2.86E-03
1.99E-02
8.10E-02
3.34E-04
6.83E-03
(continued)
1-80
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
Site ID
13968
94018
93193
94018
13874
14935
13968
13874
13968
24033
13968
23234
94018
94018
13874
13880
13874
13874
13968
13897
14935
13968
24233
12839
13874
24033
13737
24033
13739
13963
94018
24033
13874
23174
13737
94018
Source Area
(m2)
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
1.30E+03
1.23E+03
1.83E+04
2.60E+01
9.29E+01
1.99E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
2.83E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.74E+02
4.86E+03
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
3.86E+03
2.15E+04
5.81E+02
3.12E+01
8.76E+03
9.29E+01
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
1.81E+03
2.09E+03
4.61E+03
l.OOE+03
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
2.93E+04
2.94E+03
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
75
500
500
150
500
150
75
500
150
500
500
75
75
500
150
500
500
150
500
500
500
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
2.86E-03
2.32E-02
0.18215175
0.164017469
0.072232224
0.131324604
3.34E-04
2.13E-02
2.38E-02
1.11E-02
2.86E-03
3.39E-02
0.164017469
0.459146798
1.38E-03
0.230076194
1.38E-03
1.38E-03
9.70E-03
1.014361978
0.149872139
5.81E-02
4.64E-04
7.77E-02
6.30E-03
1.11E-02
1.99E-02
1.11E-02
1.65E-02
4.18E-02
1.80E-02
8.10E-02
1.15E-02
1.651089549
0.12866129
2.32E-02
(continued)
1-81
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
Site ID
12842
24033
94018
13968
24011
13874
13968
24033
12839
13968
24033
14935
94847
13897
24033
13737
23234
23234
14935
13968
24033
94846
24033
24033
13968
23174
13874
24033
93193
23174
13968
13968
94018
13897
13968
13874
Source Area
(m2)
5.20E+01
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
2.60E+01
7.28E+02
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
8.82E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
7.24E+02
1.30E+02
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
2.94E+03
6.07E+03
4.86E+03
1.03E+03
1.52E+03
1.81E+03
7.90E+03
1.49E+03
2.79E+01
2.60E+01
2.93E+04
1.23E+03
1.81E+03
2.91E+04
2.93E+04
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.28E+03
1.86E+03
2.60E+01
9.29E+01
Distance
(m)
500
50
500
500
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
150
150
75
150
150
150
500
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
5.75E-04
0.390205085
2.32E-02
3.34E-04
3.47E-02
1.15E-02
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
0.458975971
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
5.18E-02
8.92E-03
0.240401059
8.10E-02
0.340185344
0.404124349
0.346287996
7.04E-02
1.85E-02
1.11E-02
0.297966719
9.17E-03
1.81E-04
2.86E-03
0.356077075
0.072232224
8.10E-02
1.652960896
1.651089549
2.86E-03
3.34E-04
2.29E-02
3.61E-02
2.86E-03
6.30E-03
(continued)
1-82
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
Site ID
13963
94846
24033
14935
13968
14935
13874
24033
13968
13968
13963
13874
13874
13897
13968
13968
13880
12842
13874
13739
23174
94846
93815
24033
13968
94847
14840
93193
93815
14935
13874
94847
13968
93815
12839
93193
Source Area
(m2)
5.57E+02
5.11E+03
5.55E+03
1.03E+03
2.60E+01
1.03E+03
1.74E+02
1.49E+03
2.60E+01
2.60E+01
1.77E+04
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.16E+03
2.28E+03
2.60E+01
4.86E+03
5.20E+01
8.36E+01
3.58E+03
9.39E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
5.81E+02
5.30E+02
8.76E+03
1.62E+05
1.94E+02
1.68E+03
1.74E+02
7.80E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
2.02E+02
2.91E+04
Distance
(m)
500
150
500
150
150
500
150
500
75
150
500
150
500
150
150
75
500
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
5.34E-03
0.213590831
3.19E-02
7.04E-02
2.86E-03
9.60E-03
1.15E-02
9.17E-03
9.70E-03
2.86E-03
0.144601092
1.15E-02
1.38E-03
0.161779895
0.193842337
9.70E-03
3.64E-02
5.75E-04
6.70E-04
0.18802318
0.775993705
0.297966719
6.70E-02
8.10E-02
5.81E-02
4.33E-03
0.296306461
4.407284737
1.40E-03
1.54E-02
1.15E-02
4.66E-02
3.34E-04
6.70E-02
2.16E-03
0.343281299
(continued)
1-83
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
Site ID
24033
13874
24033
13963
13968
94018
94846
93815
93193
13968
24033
13874
14935
13897
13963
24011
14740
13968
13897
93193
13874
24033
13963
13880
23234
24033
13968
94846
13968
94846
12916
14935
13874
13968
94018
94846
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
8.36E+01
1.49E+03
5.57E+02
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
1.30E+03
1.62E+03
2.60E+01
1.81E+03
1.74E+02
1.03E+03
1.86E+03
1.19E+04
7.28E+02
9.14E+02
2.60E+01
1.16E+03
2.91E+04
8.36E+01
2.79E+01
1.77E+04
1.04E+03
4.86E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
7.90E+03
3.90E+02
2.15E+04
1.23E+03
2.60E+01
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
Distance
(m)
500
500
500
500
50
500
150
150
500
150
500
500
75
500
500
500
150
500
500
150
150
150
500
500
150
150
150
75
500
150
500
150
150
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
1.11E-02
6.70E-04
9.17E-03
5.34E-03
1.94E-02
2.32E-02
0.297966719
6.70E-02
2.53E-02
2.86E-03
1.11E-02
1.38E-03
0.197674334
3.61E-02
0.102946036
4.37E-03
8.63E-02
3.34E-04
2.29E-02
1.652960896
5.70E-03
1.53E-03
0.144601092
8.50E-03
0.346287996
8.10E-02
2.86E-03
0.70691359
3.34E-04
0.297966719
2.17E-03
0.689836383
0.072232224
3.34E-04
2.32E-02
0.297966719
(continued)
1-84
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
Site ID
94847
94847
94018
13897
24033
13968
13874
14935
13874
13874
14935
13880
12916
93815
94846
14935
13963
24033
94018
13874
23234
14935
94846
13874
13968
13880
94846
14935
93815
13968
13897
94018
14935
94018
24033
93193
Source Area
(m2)
7.80E+02
7.80E+02
1.30E+03
1.86E+03
1.81E+03
2.60E+01
1.74E+02
1.83E+04
1.74E+02
1.74E+02
1.70E+03
1.04E+03
9.29E+02
2.02E+04
7.90E+03
1.03E+03
5.57E+02
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
9.29E+01
2.36E+03
7.24E+02
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
2.60E+01
4.86E+03
5.40E+02
7.24E+02
1.30E+04
1.52E+03
1.16E+03
1.30E+03
2.15E+04
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
1.62E+05
Distance
(m)
75
150
150
500
75
150
500
500
75
500
150
75
150
500
75
500
500
150
150
150
150
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
75
500
150
75
500
500
500
500
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.130357772
4.66E-02
0.164017469
3.61E-02
0.228026822
2.86E-03
1.38E-03
0.131324604
3.78E-02
1.38E-03
0.10937687
0.180395633
3.83E-02
0.111287095
0.70691359
9.60E-03
5.34E-03
8.10E-02
0.164017469
6.30E-03
0.193542421
5.18E-02
0.297966719
1.38E-03
2.86E-03
0.230076194
3.94E-03
5.18E-02
1.047177553
1.85E-02
0.161779895
0.459146798
0.149872139
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
1.380677104
(continued)
1-85
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
Site ID
13963
94847
93815
94018
93815
23234
13968
13874
12842
13874
14935
13897
14935
13880
94846
93815
13968
13968
93815
94847
94846
13874
94018
24033
12916
13897
13874
13880
94018
23234
12839
24011
93193
13968
24011
93815
Source Area
(m2)
1.77E+04
7.80E+02
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+04
6.07E+03
5.81E+02
1.74E+02
5.20E+01
1.74E+02
2.15E+04
1.86E+03
1.03E+03
1.04E+03
7.90E+03
1.94E+02
2.60E+01
5.81E+02
1.30E+03
7.80E+02
7.90E+03
1.74E+02
1.30E+03
1.81E+03
3.90E+02
1.16E+03
1.74E+02
4.86E+03
1.30E+03
2.36E+03
8.76E+03
7.28E+02
2.91E+04
2.60E+01
7.28E+02
1.30E+03
Distance
(m)
500
150
150
150
500
150
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
150
500
75
150
500
150
500
150
500
500
500
500
150
500
150
150
150
500
500
500
150
150
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
0.144601092
4.66E-02
6.70E-02
0.164017469
0.077218309
0.404124349
7.25E-03
1.38E-03
4.85E-03
1.38E-03
0.689836383
0.240401059
7.04E-02
6.25E-02
4.94E-02
3.70E-02
2.86E-03
7.25E-03
6.70E-02
6.29E-03
0.297966719
1.38E-03
2.32E-02
1.11E-02
2.17E-03
0.161779895
1.38E-03
0.230076194
0.164017469
0.193542421
7.77E-02
4.37E-03
0.343281299
2.86E-03
3.47E-02
6.70E-02
(continued)
1-86
-------
Appendix I
Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Table 1-1. (continued)
RunID
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
Site ID
24033
94018
94018
23234
94018
94846
13968
94018
94018
94847
23234
Source Area
(m2)
1.81E+03
1.30E+03
1.30E+03
4.86E+03
1.30E+03
7.90E+03
2.60E+01
l.OOE+03
1.30E+03
7.80E+02
2.42E+03
Distance
(m)
150
500
500
500
500
75
500
150
500
500
150
Unitized Air Concentration
(ug/m3 per ug/s-m2)
8.10E-02
2.32E-02
2.32E-02
5.61E-02
2.32E-02
0.70691359
3.34E-04
0.12979272
2.32E-02
6.29E-03
0.197342426
1-87
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
Figure 1-1. Air Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Albuquerque
TITLETWO 464.3 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 23050.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -1174.35 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 1174.35 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 1174.35 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1P 1111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
RE GRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -1174.35 11 234.87 -400 11 80
RE GRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 23050.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 23050H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 7 METERS
ME SURFDATA 23050 1985
MEUAIRDATA 23050 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 23050JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 23050JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 23050.PLP
OU FINISHED
T 55
l-OO
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Asheville
TITLETWO 55.4 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 03812.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -236.75 -236.75 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -236.75 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 236.75 473.49 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 236.75 473.49 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -236.75 11 47.35 -236.75 11 47.35
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 03812.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 03812H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 03812 1985
MEUAIRDATA 13723 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 03812JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 03812JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 03812.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-89
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Atlanta
TITLETWO 105.9 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13874.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -327.32 -327.32 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -327.32 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 327.32 654.65 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 327.32 654.65 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -327.32 11 65.46 -327.32 11 65.46
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13874.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13874H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13874 1986
MEUAIRDATA 13873 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13874JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13874JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13874.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-90
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Billings
TITLETWO 1241.7 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24033.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -3140.63 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 3140.63 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 3140.63 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -3140.63 11 628.13 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24033.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24033H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 7.6 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24033 1986
MEUAIRDATA 24143 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24033JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24033JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24033.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-91
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Bismarck
TITLETWO 923.8 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24011. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -2336.56 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 2336.56 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 2336.56 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -2336.56 11 467.31 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24011.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24011H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 24011 1984
MEUAIRDATA 24011 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24011JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24011JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24011 .PLP
OU FINISHED
1-92
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Boise
TITLETWO 194.4 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24131. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -491.7 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 491.7800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 491.7 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -491.7 11 98.34 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24131.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24131H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 24131 1978
MEUAIRDATA 24131 1978
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24131JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24131JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24131 .PLP
OU FINISHED
1-93
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Boulder
TITLETWO 73 8 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 94018.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -1866.62 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 1866.62 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 1866.62 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -1866.62 11 373.32 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 94018.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 94018H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 94018 1986
MEUAIRDATA 23062 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 94018JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 94018JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 94018.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-94
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Burlington
TITLETWO 15 9.2 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14742. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -402.66 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 402.66 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 402.66 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -402.66 11 80.53 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14742.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14742H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14742 1985
MEUAIRDATA 14735 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14742JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14742JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14742.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-95
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Casper
TITLETWO 829.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24089.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -2098.3 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 2098.3 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 2098.3 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITEXYTNC -2098.3 11 419.66 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24089.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24089H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24089 1985
MEUAIRDATA 24021 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24089JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24089JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24089.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-96
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Charleston
TITLETWO 80.4 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13880.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -285.21 -285.21 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -285.21 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 285.21 570.41 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 285.21 570.41 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -285.21 11 57.04 -285.21 11 57.04
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13880.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13880H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13880 1984
MEUAIRDATA 13880 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13880JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13880JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13880.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-97
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Chicago
TITLETWO 177.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 94846.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -449.2 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 449.2 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 449.2 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -449.2 11 89.84 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 94846.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 94846H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 94846 1984
MEUAIRDATA 14842 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 94846JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 94846JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 94846.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-98
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Cleveland
TITLETWO 109.2 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14820. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -332.38 -332.38 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -332.38 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 332.38 664.77 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 332.38 664.77 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -332.38 11 66.48 -332.38 11 66.48
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14820.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14820H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14820 1985
MEUAIRDATA 14733 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14820JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14820JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14820.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-99
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Fresno
TITLETWO 46.8 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 93193.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -217.6 -217.6 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -217.6 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 217.6435.19 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 217.6 435.19 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -217.6 11 43.52 -217.6 11 43.52
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 93193.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 93193H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 93193 1985
MEUAIRDATA 23230 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 93193JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 93193JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 93193.PLP
OU FINISHED
I-100
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Harrisburg
TITLETWO 102.8 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14751. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -322.5 -322.5 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -322.5 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 322.5 644.99 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 322.5 644.99 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -322.5 11 64.5 -322.5 11 64.5
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14751.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14751H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.7 METERS
MESURFDATA 14751 1985
MEUAIRDATA 93734 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14751JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14751JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14751.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-101
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Hartford
TITLETWO 50 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14740. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -224.91 -224.91 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -224.91 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 224.91 449.83 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 224.91 449.83 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -224.91 11 44.98 -224.91 11 44.98
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14740.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14740H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14740 1985
MEUAIRDATA 14735 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14740JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14740JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14740.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-102
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Houston
TITLETWO 123.5 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 12960. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -353.48 -353.48 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -353.48 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 353.48 706.96 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 353.48 706.96 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -353.48 11 70.7 -353.48 11 70.7
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 12960.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 12960H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 12960 1985
MEUAIRDATA 3937 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 12960JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 12960JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 12960.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-103
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Huntington
TITLETWO 86.7 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 03860.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -296.17 -296.17 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -296.17 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 296.17 592.34 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 296.17 592.34 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -296.17 11 59.23 -296.17 11 59.23
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 03860.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 03860H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 03860 1984
MEUAIRDATA 3860 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 03860JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 03860JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 03860.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-104
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Las Vegas
TITLETWO 97.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 23169.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -314.24 -314.24 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -314.24 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 314.24 628.47 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 314.24 628.47 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -314.24 11 62.85 -314.24 11 62.85
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 23169.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 23169H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 23169 1986
MEUAIRDATA 3160 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 23169JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL223169JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 23169.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-105
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Lincoln
TITLETWO 282.2 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14935.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -713.77 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 713.77 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 713.77 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITEXYTNC -713.77 11 142.75 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14935.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14935H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14935 1986
MEUAIRDATA 94918 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14935JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14935JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14935.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-106
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Little Rock
TITLETWO 15 9.1 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13963.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -402.41 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 402.41 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 402.41 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -402.41 11 80.48 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13963.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13963H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13963 1984
MEUAIRDATA 13963 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13963JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13963JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13963.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-107
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Los Angeles
TITLETWO 24.2 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 23174.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -156.47 -156.47 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -156.47 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 156.47 312.94 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 156.47 312.94 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -156.47 11 31.29 -156.47 11 31.29
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 23174.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 23174H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 9.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 23174 1985
MEUAIRDATA 23230 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 23174JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL223174JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 23174.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-108
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Meridian
TITLETWO 123 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13865.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -352.76 -352.76 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -352.76 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 352.76 705.52 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 352.76 705.52 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -352.76 11 70.55 -352.76 11 70.55
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13865.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13865H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13865 1986
MEUAIRDATA 3940 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13865JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13865JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13865.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-109
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Miami
TITLETWO 39.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 12839.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -200.16 -200.16 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -200.16 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 200.16400.32 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 200.16 400.32 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -200.16 11 40.03 -200.16 11 40.03
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 12839.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 12839H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 7 METERS
MESURFDATA 12839 1972
MEUAIRDATA 12839 1972
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 12839JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 12839JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 12839.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-110
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Minneapolis
TITLETWO 208.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14922. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -527.61 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 527.61 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 527.61 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -527.61 11 105.52 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14922.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14922H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.4 METERS
MESURFDATA 14922 1986
MEUAIRDATA 14926 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14922JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14922JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14922.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-111
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Muskegon
TITLETWO 117.1 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14840. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -344.2 -344.2 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -344.2 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 344.2688.4 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 344.2 688.4 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -344.2 11 68.84 -344.2 11 68.84
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14840.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14840H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14840 1977
MEUAIRDATA 14826 1977
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14840JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14840JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14840.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-112
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Nashville
TITLETWO 94.4 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13897.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -309.04 -309.04 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -309.04 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 309.04 618.08 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 309.04 618.08 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -309.04 11 61.81 -309.04 11 61.81
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13897.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13897H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 7.6 METERS
MESURFDATA 13897 1984
MEUAIRDATA 13897 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13897JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13897JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13897.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-113
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE New Orleans
TITLETWO 90.9 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 12916. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -303.26 -303.26 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -303.26 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 303.26 606.52 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 303.26 606.52 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -303.26 11 60.65 -303.26 11 60.65
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 12916.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 12916H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 12916 1985
MEUAIRDATA 3937 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 12916JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 12916JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 12916.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-114
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Norfolk
TITLETWO 97.5 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13737.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -314.07 -314.07 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -314.07 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 314.07628.15 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 314.07 628.15 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -314.07 11 62.81 -314.07 11 62.81
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13737.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13737H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 10.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13737 1986
MEUAIRDATA 93739 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13737JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13737JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13737.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-115
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Philadelphia
TITLETWO 39 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 1373 9. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -198.64 -198.64 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -198.64 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 198.64 397.28 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 198.64 397.28 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -198.64 11 39.73 -198.64 11 39.73
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13739.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13739H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13739 1981
MEUAIRDATA 93734 1981
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13739JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13739JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13739.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-116
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Phoenix
TITLETWO 339.7 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 23183.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -859.2 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 859.2 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 859.2 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -859.2 11 171.84 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 23183.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 23183H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 10.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 23183 1986
MEUAIRDATA 23160 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 23183JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 23183JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 23183.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-117
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Portland
TITLETWO 98.2 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14764. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -315.2 -315.2 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -315.2 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 315.2630.4 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 315.2 630.4 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -315.2 11 63.04 -315.2 11 63.04
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14764.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14764H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14764 1985
MEUAIRDATA 14764 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14764JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14764JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14764.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-118
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Raleigh-Durham
TITLETWO 85.4 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13722. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -293.94 -293.94 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -293.94 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 293.94 587.88 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 293.94 587.88 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -293.94 11 58.79 -293.94 11 58.79
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13722.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13722H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13722 1986
MEUAIRDATA 13723 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13722JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13722JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13722.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-119
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Salem
TITLETWO 44.6 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24232.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -212.42 -212.42 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -212.42 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 212.42424.84 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 212.42 424.84 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -212.42 11 42.48 -212.42 11 42.48
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24232.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24232H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24232 1986
MEUAIRDATA 24232 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24232JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24232JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24232.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-120
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Salt Lake City
TITLETWO 143.5 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24127.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -381.03 -381.03 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -381.03 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 381.03 762.05 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 381.03 762.05 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -381.03 11 76.21 -381.03 11 76.21
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24127.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24127H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24127 1986
MEUAIRDATA 24127 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24127JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24127JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24127.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-121
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE San Francisco
TITLETWO 39.8 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 23234.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -200.66 -200.66 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -200.66 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 200.66401.33 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 200.66 401.33 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -200.66 11 40.13 -200.66 11 40.13
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 23234.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 23234H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 10.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 23234 1985
MEUAIRDATA 23230 1985
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 23234JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 23234JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 23234.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-122
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Seattle
TITLETWO 40.1 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24233.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -201.42 -201.42 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -201.42 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 201.42402.84 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 201.42 402.84 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -201.42 11 40.28 -201.42 11 40.28
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24233.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24233H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24233 1986
MEUAIRDATA 94240 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24233JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24233JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24233.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-123
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Shreveport
TITLETWO 110.9 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13957.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -334.96 -334.96 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -334.96 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 334.96 669.92 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 334.96 669.92 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -334.96 11 66.99 -334.96 11 66.99
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13957.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13957H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 13957 1986
MEUAIRDATA 3951 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13957JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13957JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13957.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-124
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Tampa
TITLETWO 67 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 12842. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -260.36 -260.36 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -260.36 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 260.36 520.71 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 260.36 520.71 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -260.36 11 52.07 -260.36 11 52.07
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 12842.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 12842H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.7 METERS
MESURFDATA 12842 1986
MEUAIRDATA 12842 1986
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 12842JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 12842JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 12842.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-125
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Tulsa
TITLETWO 184 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 13968.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -465.39 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 465.39 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 465.39 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -465.39 11 93.08 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 13968.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 13968H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 7 METERS
MESURFDATA 13968 1984
MEUAIRDATA 13967 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 13968JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 13968JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 13968.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-126
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Williamsport
TITLETWO 127.1 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 14778. SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -358.59 -358.59 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -358.59 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 358.59 717.19 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 358.59 717.19 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -358.59 11 71.72 -358.59 11 71.72
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 14778.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 14778H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
MESURFDATA 14778 1979
MEUAIRDATA 94823 1979
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 14778JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 14778JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 14778.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-127
-------
Appendix I Air Dispersion and Deposition Data and Modeling Input Files
CO STARTING
TITLEONE Winnemucca
TITLETWO 162.3 ACRES
MODELOPT TOXICS RURAL CONC DDEP WDEP DRYDPLT WETDPLT
AVERTIME ANNUAL
SAVEFILE 24128.SAP
POLLUTID PART
TERRHGTS FLAT
ERRORFIL ERRORS.OUT
RUNORNOT RUN
CO FINISHED
SO STARTING
SO LOCATION 1C AREA -410.5 -400 0.00
SO LOCATION IP AREA 0 -400 0.00
** SRCID QS HS XINIT YINIT ROTATE SZINIT
SOSRCPARAM1C l.OE-3 0.0 410.5 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1C 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1C 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SOPARTDENS1C 1111
SO PARTSLIQ 1C 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1C 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SOSRCPARAM1P l.OE-3 0.0 410.5 800 0.0
SOPARTDIAM1P 22.5 12.5 6.3 1.3
SOMASSFRAX1P 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2
SO PARTDENS IP 1 111
SO PARTSLIQ IP 6.7E-4 6.7E-4 4.5E-4 6.0E-5
SOPARTSICE1P 2.2E-4 2.2E-4 1.5E-4 2.0E-5
SO SRCGROUP1 1C
SO SRCGROUP 2 IP
SO SRCGROUP ALL
SO FINISHED
RE STARTING
REGRIDCART ONSITE STA
REGRIDCART ONSITE XYTNC -410.5 11 82.1 -400 11 80
REGRIDCART ONSITE END
RE INCLUDED 24128.REC
RE FINISHED
ME STARTING
MEINPUTFIL 24128H.MET
MEANEMHGHT 6.1 METERS
ME SURFDATA 24128 1984
MEUAIRDATA 24128 1984
ME FINISHED
OU STARTING
RECTABLE ALLAVE FIRST
MAXTABLE ALLAVE 10
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 1 24128JC.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL 2 24128JP.PLP
PLOTFILE ANNUAL ALL 24128.PLP
OU FINISHED
1-128
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Appendix J
Surface Water Model
-------
-------
Appendix J
Surface Water Model
Appendix J
Surface Water Model
The surface water model calculates chemical concentrations in surface water and
sediment in the index reservoir and farm pond waterbodies modeled in this analysis. Sludge
chemicals applied to an agricultural site move into the adjacent waterbody through direct
runoff/erosion from the field and deposition from the atmosphere. The index reservoir also
receives a chemical load from the upstream watershed, which has other sludge-applied fields
contributing to runoff into the waterbody.
Jl.O Development of the Mathematical Model
Jl.l Assumptions
The Surface Water Model is based on the following assumptions:
• The system consists of two compartments: one well-mixed (continuously stirred
tank reactor [CSTR]) water column compartment (compartment 1 in Figure J-l),
and one well-mixed (CSTR) underlying sediment compartment (compartment 2 in
Figure J-l).
• The single state variable is
total chemical concentration < Qin c:
(dissolved + sorbed).
• Chemical simulation is
treated dynamically.
• Solids are assumed to be at
instantaneous steady state.
• Loadings to the water
column compartment are
from
- Inflows (dissolved in
1
Qout
runoff and sorbed to Vigurt J-l.
eroded solids) from
the upstream tributary watershed,
- Inflows (dissolved and sorbed) from the adjacent agricultural site, and
- Direct deposition of particles and vapors from the atmosphere.
Kinetic processes simulated include
- Linear sorption,
Overall first order losses, including biodegradation and volatilization,
Particulate settling and resuspension, and
- Diffusive exchange between the water column and sediments.
J-3
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
The following subsections give the chemical mass and solids balance equations for each
of the two compartments. Note that generalized units are provided: M = mass, L = length, and
T = time. Only parameters not previously defined are shown for each equation.
J1.2 Chemical Mass Balance in Water Compartment
A mass balance of chemical in the water column results in
dC,
I-T = QinflowCinflow - Q^C, - V,k,C, - AvsC,Fpl
F (M)
-^q) + wl
where
Cj = total (dissolved + sorbed) chemical concentration in compartment 1
(M/L3)
C2 = total (dissolved + sorbed) chemical concentration in compartment 2
(M/L3)
Vj = volume of compartment 1 (L3)
Qinfiow = inflow rate (L3/T)
Qnflow = chemical concentration in inflow (M/L3)
Qoutfiow = outflow rate (L3/T)
kj = overall first-order loss rate for compartment 1 (1/T)
A = interface area between compartments 1 and 2 (L2)
vs = suspended solids settling rate (L/T)
vr = sediment solids resuspension rate (L/T)
vd = diffusion rate (L/T)
Fdl = fraction dissolved in compartment 1 (unitless)
Fpl = fraction particulate in compartment 1 (unitless) = (1 - Fdl)
$! = porosity of the water column (unitless), which can assumed to be 1.0
O2 = porosity of the sediment (unitless)
Wj = total loading to compartment 1 (M/T).
The diffusive flux term in Equation J-l deserves some explanation regarding the
porosities. Recall that the concentration is a total concentration (sorbed plus dissolved)
expressed as mass of chemical per total volume (solids plus water) in either the water column or
sediments. Multiplication of the total concentration by Fd converts total concentration to
dissolved concentration, but still based on total volume. Thus, the water column and sediment
porosities are included in the denominators to express the dissolved concentration per volume of
water, i.e. the actual pore water concentration. Regarding the sediment porosity in the vd A O2
term, O2 is there used to account for the fact that diffusion of dissolved chemical will only occur
across the interstitial area, not the entire interface area.
J1.3 Chemical Mass Balance in Sediment Compartment
J-4
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
A mass balance of chemical in the sediment compartment is
FJ, FJ->
2~ = AvsC,Fpl - AvrC2Fp2 - AvbC2Fp2 + v^^C, - -j-C2) - V2k2C2 (j_2)
where
V2 = volume of compartment 2 (L3)
k2 = first-order decay rate for compartment 2 (1/T)
vb = sediment solids burial rate (L/T)
vd = diffusion rate (L/T)
Fd2 = fraction dissolved in compartment 2 (unitless)
Fp2 = fraction particulate in compartment 2 (unitless) = (1 - Fd2).
J1.4 Solids Balance in Water Compartment
A mass balance of solids in the water compartment is
dm
where
nij = total suspended solids (TSS) concentration (M/L3)
m2 = solids concentration in sediment (bulk density) (M/L3)
minflow = TSS in inflow (M/L3).
J1.5 Solids Balance in Sediment Compartment
A mass balance of solids in the sediment compartment is
at
^ - Avrm2 - Avbm2 (J-4)
J2.0 Parameterization of and Solution to the Solids Model
J2.1 Overall Approach
Solids are assumed to be at steady state. For dynamic solutions, this assumption means
that steady-state conditions are reached essentially instantaneously following some change in
flows or input solids loadings. Equations J-3 and J-4 can then be expressed as
0 = Qinfla^inflw ~ Qoutflo^l ~ Av/"l + Avr^2 (J-5)
J-5
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
0 = Avsml - Av^z - Avbm2 (j_6)
Equations J-5 and J-6 represent two algebraic equations with several unknowns. Assume
that Qinflow and Qoutflow are known, the water column/bed sediment area is known, the influent TSS
(minflow) is known, and the bulk density of the sediments (m2) is known. This leaves nij and the
three velocities (vs, vr, and vb), or four unknowns with only two equations. The suspended solids
settling rate, vs, can either be calculated from Stokes' Law, given a particle size distribution, or
be assigned values from empirical data. Vs is discussed in Section J2.2. The burial velocity, vb,
can be assigned values from the literature; however, to be protective (i.e., maximize sediment
and water column concentrations) it is assumed to be zero. (Any chemical that is buried is
unavailable for biological uptake and exposure.) Indeed, because burial velocities are typically
extremely small (or waterbodies would fill up quickly with sediment), it seems reasonable to
assume that vb is zero. This leaves n^ and the resuspension velocity, vr, as the two unknowns,
which can now be solved for by a simultaneous solution of Equations J-5 and J-6.
From Equation J-6, we can express ml as a function of vr (assuming vb is zero) as
m, = m2 (j-7)
Substituting Equation J-7 into Equation J-5, and solving for vr results in
Vs ^inflow minflaw
Qoutflaw ml
Thus, Equation J-8 is first used to calculate vr, and then Equation J-7 is used to calculate mv
A consequence of the steady-state assumption for solids is that an inflow TSS
concentration (minflow) of 0 will result in a water column TSS concentration (nij) of 0. In reality,
for a dynamic system, one would not expect the water column TSS concentration to be 0 simply
because no solids entered the waterbody that day (i.e., on a day with no runoff or erosion of
solids). Thus, to avoid the situation where zero-runoff days with no influent TSS would produce
a TSS of 0 in the water column, we implemented an approximate method that "remembers" the
last simulated TSS concentration in the water column on a day with TSS inflow, and decays that
concentration in a first-order process during each subsequent day with no influent TSS. The
first-order decay rate is based on the settling velocity. If, with this first-order decay, the water
column TSS goes below 2 mg/L, it is reset to 2 mg/L, a concentration that we judge would be a
near-minimum TSS concentration in a pond or index reservoir after an extended drought
condition.
J2.2 Settling Velocity
Stokes' Law describes the unhindered settling of particles in water. "Unhindered" means
that the solids themselves do not restrict settling, as they can in very concentrated solutions, such
as sludge thickeners. Stokes' Law can be expressed as (Thomann and Mueller, 1987)
~6
-------
J2.3 Qinflow, Qoutflow? ant* m
Appendix J Surface Water Model
vs = 0.033634a(Pi- pjd2 (J-9)
where
vs = settling velocity (m/day)
a = a particle form factor (1.0 for a sphere)
ps = particle density (g/cm3)
pw = density of water (g/cm3) = 1.0
d = particle diameter (|im).
Alternatively, vs could be specified directly based on measured settling rates. From Chapra
(1996), p. 302, Table 17.2, measured values for clay particles range from 0.3 - 1 m/day
(diameters from 2-4 |im), and, for silt, 3-30 m/day (diameters varying from 10 - 20 jim).
Because there are no data on particle form factor, density, or particle diameter such that Equation
J-9 can be used to calculate vs, a triangular distribution with a minimum of 0.3, a mode of 15,
and a maximum of 30 is assumed. The range of the distribution is based on the minimum clay
settling velocity and the maximum silt velocity as reported in Chapra (1996). The mode was
selected as the midpoint of the range.
inflow
Flows and solids loads into the Index Reservoir Model and the Farm Pond Model are
generated externally to these models and provided as time-varying, daily inputs. Both flows and
loads are estimated by the land application unit (LAU) source model for inputs to the Farm Pond
Model. For the Index Reservoir Model, the LAU source model will provide these inputs for the
Adjacent LAU, and a scale-up of these data are performed to represent flows and solids loads
from the upstream watershed.
For runoff flows and solids loads from the upstream watershed, an execution of the LAU
source model under soil and vegetative characteristics representative of the upstream watershed
conditions is first performed. These LAU runoff and eroded solids loads outputs are converted
to a per unit area basis (i.e., runoff depth and eroded soil mass per square meter) by dividing by
the LAU source area. Those unit outputs are then multiplied by the upstream watershed area to
estimate surface runoff flows and eroded solids loads from the upstream watershed. Because soil
erosion is affected by the area-specific sediment delivery ratio, the LAU's unitized eroded soil
flux is also modified to account for the differences in sediment delivery ratios between the LAU
area and the upstream watershed area. These runoff flows and solids loads are daily time series,
and only occur on days with precipitation. Not all days with precipitation involve runoff and
erosion.
In addition to daily inflows from stormwater runoff, the Index Reservoir and Farm Pond
also include a "baseflow" component. Baseflow represents the component of streamflow that is
not direct surface runoff. Baseflow was estimated as a function of regional watershed area and
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrological Unit Code (HUC) number using regional
regression models. These regression models predict HUC-specific 30Q2 low flows as a function
of watershed area. The 30Q2 flow is a statistical estimate of the 30-day average low flow
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
expected to occur, on average, every other year (2-year return period). The 30Q2 low flow was
assumed (for this analysis) to be a reasonable representation of stream baseflow.
In summary, daily time series inflows to the Index Reservoir Model consist of
stormwater runoff and baseflow from the upstream watershed, and stormwater runoff and
baseflow from the Adjacent LAU. Daily solids inflows consist of eroded soil from the upstream
watershed (including a sediment delivery ratio adjustment) and eroded soil from the Adjacent
LAU. For the Farm Pond, daily time series inflows consist of stormwater runoff and baseflow
from the Adjacent LAU only. Daily solids inflows also consist of eroded soil from the Adjacent
LAU only.
J3.0 Parameterization of the Chemical Model
J3.1 Fraction Dissolved and Particulate
It can be shown (Chapra, 1996) that the particulate fraction in the water column is given
by
kd,
where
kdj = chemical-specific water/solids partition coefficient (L3/M) in the water
compartment
Similarly, for the sediment compartment, the particulate fraction is given by
kd,
f ^\
kd.
(J-H)
where
kd2 = chemical-specific water/solids partition coefficient (L3/M) in the
sediments
The dissolved fraction, Fd, is calculated from the particulate fraction for either compartment as
J3.2 Overall First-Order Loss Rate and Adjustment for Temperature Effects
J-8
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
For many of the chemicals to be simulated, kinetic data are available only to describe
observed half-lives in various media or under various oxygen conditions. This amounts to
observing losses from all mechanisms, not simply biochemical degradation. Using such a rate
(after conversion from half-life to first-order rate) for decay only, and then including additional,
process-specific loss terms, such as volatilization, hydrolysis, or photolysis losses, would be
double counting the losses. Therefore, the "k" rates in the water column and sediments reflect
overall first-order losses as given by the chemical half-life. Specifically, the water column k-rate
is based on observed half-lives in water. The sediment k-rate is based on observed half-lives in
an anaerobic environment. To account for temperature effects on this overall loss, it is assumed
that the observed half-life-based rate constant is at 20°C. Temperature corrections to this overall
loss rate (in the water column and sediments) are made using the following relationship (Chapra,
1996):
where
Q = temperature correction factor
T = ambient water temperature (°C).
Typical values for 0 used in water quality modeling range from 1.024 for oxygen reaeration to
1.08 for sediment oxygen demand (Chapra, 1996). Ambient water temperature is assumed to
vary monthly and is estimated by long-term monthly average air temperature. The waterbody is
assumed to be at temperature equilibrium with ambient air on a monthly basis, and is also
assumed to lag the monthly average air temperature by one month. For example, if the long-
term average air temperature for May is 22°C, then it is assumed that the waterbody achieves
that monthly average temperature in June.
J3.3 Diffusion Rate
The diffusion transfer velocity vd between the sediments and water column can be
estimated as the water diffusivity, corrected for tortuoisity1, divided by a "characteristic mixing
length". Using a Millington-Quirk (Millington and Quirk, 1961) porosity-based tortuoisity
factor, vd can be expressed as
where
tortuoisity refers to the path that a chemical molecule must follow as it diffuses through
the interstitial pore spaces between solid particles.
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
Dw = chemical-specific water diffusivity (L2/T)
Lc = characteristic mixing length (L), assumed to be 1 cm (DiToro et al., 1981).
J4.0 Loadings (Direct Inputs)
"Loadings" here refer to direct chemical mass inputs to the surface water compartment
from (1) direct runoff/erosion from the Adjacent LAU and (2) deposited loads from the
atmosphere directly onto the waterbody surface. At each daily time step, all direct loadings for
that day are aggregated into the Wt term in Equation J-l (i.e., W/ where the t superscript denotes
day t).
J4.1 Index Reservoir Model
For the Index Reservoir, mass loading inputs from the upstream watershed enter the
model as boundary conditions. Thus, the W/ term includes runoff/erosion loads from the
Adjacent LAU and direct deposition loads from the Adjacent LAU. It is assumed that
atmospherically deposited loads from Upstream LAUs occur on the upstream watershed, and are
accounted for through the boundary condition. Direct deposition from Upstream LAUs is not
assumed to occur on the surface of the Index Reservoir.
J4.2 Farm Pond Model
For the Farm Pond, there is no "upstream watershed," only the Adjacent LAU. Runoff
and erosion loads from this Adjacent LAU can be treated either as direct loadings (W/ term) or
as boundary conditions. Either treatment would result in equivalent results. To be consistent
with the Index Reservoir scenario, they are considered as direct loadings. Thus, the boundary
condition is constant at zero. Direct deposition atmospheric loads result from the Adjacent LAU
only.
J5.0 Estimation of Boundary Conditions
J5.1 Index Reservoir Model
The conceptual model for the Index Reservoir water quality model assumes that the
Index Reservoir is located adjacent to one LAU to which biosolids are being applied, while
several other LAUs that also involve biosolids application are located in the watershed upstream
of the Index Reservoir. The Adjacent LAU is the LAU that is being explicitly modeled by the
LAU Source Model. Runoff and erosion flow directly (via overland flow) from the Adjacent
LAU into the Index Reservoir. The other LAUs (i.e., those upstream of, as opposed to adjacent
to, the Index Reservoir) are called the "Upstream LAUs." Runoff and erosion from the
Upstream LAUs do not flow directly into the Index Reservoir, but rather enter the waterbody
network comprising the upsteam watershed, and are then transported by that network into the
Index Reservoir, which sees these loadings as an upstream boundary condition. Those Upstream
LAUs are not explicitly modeled by the LAU Source Model, nor is the upstream watershed's
J-10
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
stream network. Thus, the issue here is how to quantify the Index Reservoir's upstream
boundary condition to reflect loadings from those Upstream LAUs.
J5.1.1 Proposed Method
In reality, chemical loadings in runoff (dissolved) and eroded solids (sorbed) from an
Upstream LAU would enter the upstream waterbody network, and incur some losses due to
various fate processes (similar to those modeled in the Index Reservoir) during their transport
downstream to the Index Reservoir. Because the upstream waterbody network is not modeled,
those losses must be approximated. For sorbed chemical, it is conservatively assumed that the
only transit losses incurred are due to sedimentation, either during overland flow or in-stream.
The "sediment delivery ratio" is used to estimate these sedimentation losses. This assumption is
risk-conservative because additional losses (e.g., decay, hydrolysis) are not considered. For
dissolved chemical, the conservative assumption is made that no transit losses occur.
A sediment delivery ratio is the fraction of solids that are mobilized in a watershed due to
erosion, yet are not delivered to the watershed outlet due to subsequent redeposition either on
land surfaces or in stream channels after mobilization. The sediment delivery ratio is typically
nonlinear, so that the ratio decreases at a diminishing rate with increasing watershed size (i.e.,
larger watersheds deliver less eroded solids to their outlets per unit watershed area than do
smaller watersheds). The sediment delivery ratio is modeled as a power function, as follows:
Sd = aA*s (J-15)
where
Aws = watershed area (L2)
a = delivery ratio for a unit area
b = negative fraction.
The methodology for estimating upstream boundary conditions due to the Upstream
LAUs only (the effects due to atmospheric deposition onto the upstream watershed is considered
subsequently) for the Index Reservoir Model is described below. Fundamentally, the
methodology uses modeled time series results from the Adjacent LAU and scales them to the
Upstream LAUs. It should be noted that this implicitly assumes that the Adjacent LAU and the
Upstream LAUs are all on the same lifecycle (i.e., to the extent that chemicals tend to
accumulate in soils over time, this same pattern of accumulation will occur contemporaneously
for all LAUs). Although it could be argued that multiple LAUs might indeed have such
correlations in operating practices (e.g., biosolids become available as fertilizer and many
farmers opt to use them), assuming that all LAUs are on the same life cycle is clearly a
conservative assumption.
The daily-varying upstream boundary condition due to the Upstream LAUs is given by
_ LOAD
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
where
CO1 upstreamLAu = upstream boundary condition (M/L3)
daily chemical load per unit area emanating from the Adjacent LAU
due to runoff and erosion (M/L2)
LAUfrac = fraction of Aws that includes Upstream LAUs (unitless)
Fp = particulate fraction estimated for the Upstream LAUs' soils (unitless)
Fd = dissolved fraction estimated for the Upstream LAUs' soils (unitless)
Ql = daily flow from upstream watershed (L3/T).
A "t" superscript is used in this section to denote inputs that will be assumed to be time-varying
(e.g., Ql.) The daily chemical load per unit area, LOAD'a^u, comes from the modeled
Adjacent LAU output time series, normalized to a unit area.
J5.1.2 Model Sensitivity of Index Reservoir Chemical Concentrations to Upstream LAUs
The Index Reservoir model's predicted chemical concentrations vary linearly and in
direct proportion with changes in the upstream boundary condition due to Upstream LAUs,
CO'upstreamLAu (i.e., if COtUpstreamLAU doubles, the chemical concentration time series will double).
The sensitivity of COtUpstreamLAU to changes in LAUfrac can be inferred from Equations J-15 and J-
16. For fixed values of Aws, Sd, Q, and LOAD'^LAu, the boundary condition, COil]psiK.imLATj, is
linear and in varies in direct proportion to LAUfrac. Therefore, for a given upstream watershed
area and LOAD'^LAu, the Index Reservoir's water quality concentrations will vary in direct
proportion to changes in LAUfrac (i.e., double LAUfrac and the Index Reservoir's time series water
quality concentrations will double, all other factors remaining the same).
J5.1.3 Atmospheric Deposition
The Index Reservoir model's upstream boundary condition also considers chemical loads
arriving at the Index Reservoir as a result of wind erosion and volatilization from the Upstream
LAUs, subsequent atmospheric deposition onto the upstream watershed, and eventual transport
of these deposited loads to the Index Reservoir as a result of stormwater runoff and solids
erosion. It should be noted that this is a load that is in addition to the loadings considered above
(the Upstream LAU loads from runoff and erosion). The loads considered above represent
chemical mass remaining in Upstream LAU soils (and subsequently transported) after losses due
to wind erosion and volatilization. The loadings considered here (the atmospheric deposition
loads) represent those wind erosion and volatilization losses and subsequent deposition and
transport. These loadings will be considered in an analogous manner to the Upstream LAU
loads.
For a given day, and using a similar argument as above regarding losses of sorbed
chemical versus no loss of dissolved chemical, the upstream boundary condition due to
atmospheric deposition in the upstream watershed is given by
, LOAD'* A* (F* Sd + F.)
~< ' WS WS ^ P O> ,-
~~ (•
*£r
-------
Appendix J Surface Water Model
where
COlAtmDep = upstream boundary condition due to atmospheric deposition in the
upstream watershed (M/L3)
LOAD'WS = daily total (dissolved + sorbed) chemical load per unit area emanating from
the upstream watershed due to runoff and erosion of deposited chemical
(M/L2).
LOAD'WS is estimated by assuming that erosion carries with it the sorbed fraction and runoff
carries with it the dissolved fraction.
The daily boundary condition, CO1 (M/L3) reflecting both atmospheric deposition over the
entire upstream watershed and runoff/erosion/transport from the Upstream LAUs is then given
by summing COtVpltaiiniLAV and COlAtmDep, as follows:
CQt = jfrac AJ (Fp* Sd +
J5.2 Farm Pond Model
The only inputs to the Farm Pond result from the Adjacent LAU (i.e., no "upstream
watershed" is assumed other than the Adjacent LAU itself). As discussed in Section J4.2, those
inputs are treated as direct loadings to the Farm Pond surface water compartment, and not as
boundary conditions. (Either treatment would give equivalent results.) Thus, the boundary
condition for the Farm Pond Model is a time-constant value of zero.
J6.0 References
Chapra, Steven C. 1996. Surface Water-Quality Modeling: Preliminary Edition, McGrawHill,
New York.
DiToro, D.M., O'Connor, D.J., Thomann, R.V., and St. John, J.P. 1981. Analysis of Fate of
Chemicals in Receiving Waters — Phase 1. Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington,
D.C., Prepared by HydroQual Incl, Mahwah, N.J.
Millington, R.J., and J.M. Quirk. 1961. Permeability of Porous Solids. Transactions of the
Faraday Society. 57: 1200-1207.
Thomann, Robert V., and John A. Mueller. 1987. Principles of Surface Water Quality
Modeling and Control. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., New York, NY.
J-13
-------
Appendix K
Fate, Transport, Exposure, and
Hazardous Calculations for
Human Health and Ecological Effects
-------
-------
Appendix K Fate, Transport, Exposure, and Hazard Calculations
Appendix K
Fate, Transport, Exposure, and Hazard Calculations for
Human Health and Ecological Effects
This appendix presents the equations and references for the parameters used in
calculating fate, transport, and hazard for the pollutants considered in the sewage sludge
screening analysis. This appendix documents the various equations implemented the model
using Visual Basic code and Access databases for input and output storage.
Table K-0 lists the equations presented in Tables Kl-1 though K10-2. The tables are
numbered and ordered by the type of calculation made, as follows:
• Calculation of Ambient Air Concentrations and Deposition Rates. Tables Kl-1
through K2-5 show the equations used to calculate ambient air concentrations and
deposition rates by adjusting the normalized values calculated by the air model with
chemical-specific vapor and particulate air emission rates from the source model.
• Calculation of Soil Concentrations. Tables K3-1 through K3-13 present the equations
used to estimate soil concentrations from source model outputs (i.e., land application and
overland transport) and air deposition rates.
• Calculation of Concentrations in Well Water. Table K4-1 shows the equation used to
calculate the well water concentration.
• Calculation of Concentration in Vegetation and Animal Products. Tables K5-1
through K6-3 document the farm food chain equations used to calculate contaminant
concentrations in farm produce and vegetation consumed by ecological receptors, as well
as concentrations in meat, fish, and dairy products.
• Calculation of Shower Air Concentration. Tables K7-1 through K7-10 show the
equations used to calculate concentrations in shower air from the volatilization of
contaminated groundwater.
• Calculation of Human Exposure (Daily Dose). Tables K8-1 through K8-6 show the
equation used to calculate the average daily contaminant dose to humans resulting from
the ingestion of contaminated soil, produce, meat, milk, and fish.
• Calculation of Ecological Exposure. Tables K9-1 through K9-5 present the equations
used to calculate ecological exposure through direct contact with contaminated media
(soil, sediment, or surface water) and consumption of contaminated plants and prey by
ecological receptors.
-------
Appendix K Fate, Transport, Exposure, and Hazard Calculations
• Calculation of Ecological Risk. Tables K10-1 and K10-2 provide the equations used to
calculate the ecological risks (hazard quotients) to organisms living in soil and sediment,
as well as to aquatic receptors.
Table K-0. Organization of Tables Documenting Fate, Transport, Exposure,
and Hazard Calculations
Table
Number Description
Calculation of Ambient Air Concentrations and Deposition Rates
K1 -1 Total Concentration in Air
K1 -2 Vapor Phase Air Concentration
K2-1 Deposition Term for Soil
K2-2 Deposition Term for Impervious Surfaces
K2-3 Deposition Term for Water
K2-4 Paniculate Deposition Term for Plants
K2-5 Vapor Phase Deposition Term for Plants
Calculation of Soil Concentrations
K3-1 Time Average Soil Concentration, Where Tl and T2 <= Td
K3-2 Time Average Soil Concentration, Where T2 and Tl >= Td
K3-3 Instantaneous Soil Concentration at Time, T
K3-4 Loading Term to Soil from Deposition
K3-5 Overall Dissipation Rate Constant in Soil
K3-6 Loss Constant Due to Erosion
K3-7 Loss Constant due to Runoff
K3-8 Loss Constant Due to Leaching
K3 -9 Soil-Water Partition Coefficient for Bed Sediment
K3 -10 Soil-Water Partition Coefficient
K3 -11 Sediment Delivery Ratio
K3-12 Universal Soil Loss Equation
K3 -13 Soil Volumetric Water Content
Calculation of Well Water Concentration
K4-1 Concentration in well water
Calculation of Concentration in Vegetation and Animal Products
K5-1 Concentration in Aboveground Vegetation Due to Deposition, Transfer, and Uptake
K5-2 Aboveground Vegetative Concentration Due to Air-to-Plant Transfer
K5-3 Aboveground Vegetation Concentration Due to Root Uptake
K5-4 Vegetative Concentration Due to Particle Deposition
K5-5 Concentration in Belowground Vegetation Due to Root Uptake
(continued)
-------
Appendix K Fate, Transport, Exposure, and Hazard Calculations
Table K-0. (continued)
Table
Number Description
K5-6 Concentration in Fish at Different Trophic Levels
K6-1 Concentration in animal products
K6-2 Weighted concentration in vegetation proportional to an animal's total diet
K6-3 Weighted concentration in soil proportional to an animal's total diet
Calculation of Shower Air Concentration
K7-1 Average Daily Concentration in Indoor Air
K7-2 Vapor-Phase Constituent Concentration in the Bathroom at End of Time Step
K7-3 Vapor-Phase Constituent Concentration in the Shower at End of Time Step
K7-4 Fraction of Vapor-Phase Saturation in Shower
K7-5 Fraction of Constituent Emitted from a Droplet
K7-6 Contaminant Mass Emitted in the Shower for a Given Time Step
K7-7 Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient
K7-8 Dimensionless Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient
K7-9 Dimensionless Henry's Law Constant
K7-10 Total Time Spent in Shower Stall
Calculation of Human Exposure (Daily Dose)
K8-1 Average Daily Dose from Total Ingestion
K8-2 Average Daily Dose from Ingestion of Animal Tissue
K8-3 Average Daily Dose from Consumption of Produce
K8-4 Average Daily Dose from Ingestion of Soil
K8-5 Daily Intake of Contaminant from Drinking Water
K8-6 Lifetime Average Daily Dose
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
K9-1 Total Exposure Dose from Ingestion
K9-2 Dose from Ingestion of Plants and Prey
K9-3 Concentration in Diet Items
K9-4 Dose from Incidental Ingestion of Soil or Sediment
K9-5 Dose from Ingestion of Surface Water
Calculation of Ecological Risk
K10-1 Hazard Quotient for Soil and Sediment Invertebrates
K10-2 Hazard Quotient for Surface Water Receptors
K-5
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ambient Air Concentrations
Table Kl-1. Total Concentration in Air (mg/mA3)
-•air
C
0.001
Name
Description
Value
Q
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Calculated from source model output
0.001
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Calculated from source model output
Normalized particulate air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3) Calculated from dispersion modeling
Normalized vapor-phase air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3) Calculated from dispersion modeling
Conversion factor (mg/ug)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-6
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ambient Air Concentrations
Table Kl-2. Vapor Phase Air Concentration (mg/mA3)
*-' vapor
Cvapor g *v X^x 0.001
Name
Q
Fv
Cyv
0.001
Description Value
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2) Calculated from source model output
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless) Calculated from source model output
Normalized vapor-phase air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3) Calculated from dispersion modeling
Conversion factor (mg/ug)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-7
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Deposition Rates
Table K2-1. Deposition Term for Soil (g/mA2-yr)
fe
Dydv 3.31536
Name
Description
Value
Normalized annual dry deposition from vapor phase (s-
mA2/mA2-yr)
Dydv
Calculated above
Q
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Calculated from source model output
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Calculated from source model output
D,
ydp
Normalized annual average wet deposition from vapor phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Normalized vapor-phase air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3) Calculated from dispersion modeling
Normalized annual average dry deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Normalized annual average wet deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
VH,
Dry deposition velocity of vapors (cm/s)
Chemical data; see Appendix E
0.31536
Unit conversion factor (m-g-s/cm-ug-yr)
Adapted from U.S. EPA, 1998b.
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Deposition Rates
Table K2-2. Deposition Term for Impervious Surfaces (g/mA2-yr)
3.31536
Name
Dydv
Q
Fv
p
*^yv
Dydp
-^ywp
-L^yWV
Vdv
0.31536
Source: U.S.
Description
Normalized annual dry deposition from vapor phase (s-
mA2/mA2-yr)
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Normalized vapor-phase air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3)
Normalized annual average dry deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Normalized annual average wet deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Normalized annual average wet deposition from vapor phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Dry deposition velocity of vapors (cm/s)
Unit conversion factor (m-g-s/cm-ug-yr)
EPA, 1998a.
Value
Calculated above
Calculated from source model output
Calculated from source model output
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Chemical data; see Appendix E
K-9
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Deposition Rates
Table K2-3. Deposition Term for Water (g/mA2-yr)
Name
Description
Value
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Calculated from source model output
Q
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Calculated from source model output
Dydp Normalized annual average dry deposition from particle phase Calculated from dispersion modeling
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Dywp Normalized annual average wet deposition from particle phase Calculated from dispersion modeling
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Dywv Normalized annual average wet deposition from vapor phase Calculated from dispersion modeling
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-10
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Deposition Rates
Table K2-4. Particulate Deposition Term for Plants (mg/mA2-yr)
Dp (1800
Name
Description
Value
Q
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Calculated from source model output
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Calculated from source model output
Normalized annual average wet deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
D,
ydp
Normalized annual average dry deposition from particle phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Fw
Fraction of wet deposition adhering to plant surface (unitless) Chemical data; see Appendix E
1000
Conversion factor (mg/g)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-ll
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Deposition Rates
Table K2-5. Vapor Phase Deposition Term for Plants (mg/mA2-yr)
D ieoo
ydv
yv
Name
Description
Value
Normalized annual dry deposition from vapor phase (s-
mA2/mA2-yr)
Dydv
Calculated above
Fv
Fraction of air concentration in vapor phase (unitless)
Calculated from source model output
Q
Emission rate from source (g/s-mA2)
Calculated from source model output
vdv
Normalized annual average wet deposition from vapor phase
(s-mA2/mA2-yr)
Calculated from dispersion modeling
Normalized vapor-phase air concentration (ug-s-mA2/g-mA3) Calculated from dispersion modeling
Dry deposition velocity of vapors (cm/s)
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Fw
Fraction of wet deposition adhering to plant surface (unitless) Chemical data; see Appendix E
0.31536
Unit conversion factor (m-g-s/cm-ug-yr)
1000
Conversion factor (mg/g)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-12
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-1. Time Average Soil Concentration, Where Tl and T2 <= Td (mg/kg)
-'soilAvgl
C
L
soil
soilAvgl
-X
r, +-
Name
Description
Value
Lsoil
Loading to soil due to deposition (mg/kg-yr)
Calculated; see Table K3-4
Soil loss constant (1/yr)
Calculated; see Table K3-5
The time at which exposure ends (yr)
Equal to Tl plus the exposure duration
Ti
The time at which exposure begins (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
The length of time the unit is operational (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
K-13
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-2. Time Average Soil Concentration, Where T2 and Tl >= Td (mg/kg)
-'soilAvg2
c
soillnstTl
Name
Description
Value
Instantaneous soil concentration at Tl (mg/kg)
Calculated ; see Table K3-3
Soil loss constant (1/yr)
Calculated; see Table K3-5
T,
The time at which exposure ends (yr)
Equal to Tl plus the exposure duration
Ti
The time at which exposure begins (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
The length of time the unit is operational (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
K-14
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-3. Instantaneous Soil Concentration at Time, T (mg/kg)
•'soillnst
When T>Td
r —/"
^ soillnst —^s
When T<=Td;
Csmllmt =Lsojl
Name
Description
Value
Soil loss constant (1/yr)
Calculated; see Table K3-5
Lsoil
Loading to soil due to deposition (mg/kg-yr)
Calculated; see Table K3-4
The length of time the unit is operational (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
Instantaeous time (yr)
Source data; see Appendix H
K-15
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-4. Loading term to soil from deposition (mg/kg/yr)
Lsoil
Name
Ds
BD
Z
1000000
0.0001
T — s H nnflflflfl xx n nnm
so" ZxBD
Description
Deposition Term for Soil (g/mA2-yr)
Soil bulk density (g/cmA3 or kg/L)
Mixing depth of the soil (cm)
Conversion factor (mg/kg)
Conversion factor (mA2/cmA2)
Value
Calculated; see Table K2-1
Site data; see Appendix H
Site data; see Appendix H
Adapted from U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-16
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-5. Overall Dissipation Rate Constant in Soil (1/yr)
Name
ksr
kse
ksl
ksh
ksg
ksv
365
Description
Loss Constant due to Runoff (1/d)
Loss Constant due to Erosion (1/d)
Loss Constant due to Leaching (1/d)
Hydrolysis rate (1/d)
Soil degradation rate (1/d)
Loss Constant due to Volatilization (1/d)
Conversion factor (days/yr)
Value
Calculated; see Table K3-7
Calculated; see Table K3-6
Calculated; see Table K3-8
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Set to zero for deposited chemicals to
conserve mass
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-17
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-6. Loss Constant Due to Erosion (1/d)
k
se
k,=
0.1
xSDxER
BDxZ
x-
Name
9
Kdsoil
SD
Xe
ER
Z
BD
0.1
Description
Soil Volumetric Water Content (ml/cmA3 or cmA3/cmA3)
Soil- water partition coefficient (L/kg)
Sediment delivery ratio (unitless)
Universal Soil Loss Equation (kg/mA2-d)
Soil enrichment ratio (unitless)
Mixing depth of the soil (cm)
Soil bulk density (g/cmA3 or kg/L)
Conversion factor (g-mA2)/(kg-cmA2)
Value
Calculated; see Table K3-13
Calculated; see Table K3-10
Calculated; see Table K3-1 1
Calculated; see Table K3-12
Site data; see Appendix H
Site data; see Appendix H
Site data; see Appendix H
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998b.
K-18
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-7. Loss Constant due to Runoff (1/d)
ksr
Name
K,™
9
Rf
z
BD
Source: U.S.
/r - Rf - 1
"'flxz'^ ^KM
8
Description
Soil- water partition coefficient (L/kg)
Soil Volumetric Water Content (ml/cmA3 or cmA3/cmA3)
Average daily runoff (cm/day)
Mixing depth of the soil (cm)
Soil bulk density (g/cmA3 or kg/L)
EPA, 1998a.
Value
Calculated; see Table K3-10
Calculated; see Table K3-13
Site data; see Appendix H
Site data; see Appendix H
Site data; see Appendix H
K-19
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-8. Loss Constant Due to Leaching (1/d)
Rech
e
Name
Description
Value
Soil Volumetric Water Content (ml/cmA3 or cmA3/cmA3)
Calculated; see Table K3-13
Kdsoil
Soil-water partition coefficient (L/kg)
Calculated; see Table K3-10
Rech
Average daily recharge rate (cm/day)
Calculated from source model outputs
BD
Soil bulk density (g/cmA3 or kg/L)
Site data; see Appendix H
Mixing depth of the soil (cm)
Site data; see Appendix H
Adapted from U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-20
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-9. Soil-Water Partition Coefficient for Bed Sediment (ml/g)
K,
dbs
bs =Kocxfoc
Name Description Value
focbs Fraction of organic carbon in bottom sediment (unitless) Site data; see Appendix H
Koc Organic carbon partition coefficient (mL/g) Chemical data; see Appendix E
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-21
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-10. Soil-Water Partition Coefficient (mL/g)
K-dsoU
•"-dsoil
Name Description Value
focsoa Fraction organic carbon in soil (unitless) Site data; see Appendix H
Koc Organic carbon partition coefficient (mL/g) Chemical data; see Appendix E
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-22
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-11. Sediment Delivery Ratio (unitless)
SD
SD =AxArea~
AreaSM = •
Area
2590000
Name
Description
Value
AreaSM
Area receiving pollutant deposition (mileA2)
Calculated above
Area
Surface area (mA2)
Waterbody model; see Appendix J
A
Empirical intercept coefficient related to the size of the area
(unitless)
A = 2.1 for AreaSM <= 0.1 sq mi
A = 1.9 for 0. K AreaSM < 1 sq mi
A = 1.4 for K AreaSM < 10 sq mi
A = 1.2 for 10< AreaSM < 100 sq mi
A = 0.6 for all other cases
Empirical slope coefficient related to the power of the drainage B=0.125
area (unitless)
2590000
Conversion factor (mA2/sq miles)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-23
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-12. Universal Soil Loss Equation (kg/mA2-d)
x =
R K,
365
Name
Description
Value
R
USLE rainfall/erosivity factor (1/yr)
Site data; see Appendix H
USLE supporting practice factor (unitless)
Site data; see Appendix H
LS
USLE length-slope factor (unitless)
Site data; see Appendix H
K
USLE soil credibility factor (kg/mA2)
Site data; see Appendix H
USLE cover management factor (unitless)
Site data; see Appendix H
365
Conversion factor (days/yr)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-24
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Soil Concentrations from Deposition
Table K3-13. Soil Volumetric Water Content (ml/cmA3 or cmA3/cmA3)
6
Name Description Value
Rech Average daily recharge rate (cm/day) Calculated from source model outputs
smb Soil specific exponent rep water retention (unitless) Site data; see Appendix H
WCS Saturated volumetric water content or porosity (cmA3/cmA3) Site data; see Appendix H
Ksat Saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm/yr) Site data; see Appendix H
365 Conversion factor (days/yr)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-25
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Drinking Water Concentrations
Table K4-1. Concentration in Well Water (mg/L)
G
well
_ LeachConc
we"~~DAF
Name Description Value
DAF Dilution attenuation factor (unitless) Calculated from groundwater model
output
LeachConc Concentration in leachate (mg/L) Calculated from source model output
This equation is used to calculate the well concentrion using a groundwater dilution attenuation factor (DAF).
K-26
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-1. Concentration in Aboveground Vegetation Due to Depostion, Transfer, and
Uptake (mg/kg - WW)
Name
Description
Value
Pr
100
Aboveground vegetation concentration due to root uptake
(mg/kg DW)
Calculated; see Table K5-3
Pv Vegetative concentration due to air-to-plant transfer (mg/kg Calculated; see Table K5-2
DW)
Pd Vegetative concentration due to particulate deposition (mg/kg Calculated; see Table K5-4
DW)
MAF Plant tissue-specific moisture adjustment factor to convert DW Biota data; see Appendix F
concentration into WW (percent)
Conversion factor to percent (unitless)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
Considered exposed and protected fruits and vegetables.
K-27
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-2. Aboveground Vegetative Concentration Due to Air-to-Plant Transfer (mg/kg -
DW)
Pv
For Log Kow >=5,
p =C
vapor
1200
For Log KOW <5,
D..
— e
YpxKp,ap
Name
r
v--vapor
Dv
KpVap
TP
YP
RP
Bv
VGag
1200
1000
Description
Vapor-phase air concentration (mg/mA3)
Deposition term for plants (for vapor) (mg/mA2-yr)
Plant surface loss coefficient, vapor (1/yr)
Length of plant exposure to deposition (yr)
Crop yield (kg DW/mA2)
Interception fraction (unitless)
Air-to-plant biotransfer factor (ug/g DW plant / ug/g air)
Empirical correction factor for above ground vegetables
(unitless)
The density of air (g/mA3)
Conversion factor (g/kg)
Value
Calculated; see Table Kl-2
Calculated; see Table K2-5
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Biota data; see Appendix F
Biota data; see Appendix F
Biota data; see Appendix F
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Biota data; see Appendix F
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-28
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-3. Aboveground Vegetation Concentration Due to Root Uptake (mg/kg - DW)
~Pr
Name Description Value
Csoii Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg) Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
Br Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor (mg/kg DW plant / mg/kg Biota data; see Appendix F
soil)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-29
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-4. Vegetative Concentration Due to Particle Deposition (mg/kg - DW)
Name Description Value
Dp Particle deposition term for plants (mg/mA2-yr) Biota data; see Appendix F
Rp Interception fraction (unitless) Biota data; see Appendix F
Yp Crop yield (kg DW/mA2) Biota data; see Appendix F
Kppar Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate (1/yr) Chemical data; see Appendix E
Source: U.S. EPA, 2000.
K-30
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-5. Concentration in Belowground Vegetation Due to Root Uptake (mg/kg - WW)
For organics:
^soil
- dsoil
Jbg
For metals:
DW. = •
100 -
100
Name
Description
Value
DWr
Dry weight fraction for root vegetables (unitless)
Calculated above
Soil-water partition coefficient (L/kg)
Calculated; see Table K3-10
Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg)
Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
MAFh
Moisture percentage for root vagetables (percent)
Biota data; see Appendix F
RCF
Root concentration factor (mg/kg WW) / (mg/L soil water) Chemical data; see Appendix E
Brro,
Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor for roots (mg/kg DW
plant / mg/kg soil)
Chemical data; see Appendix E
VGh!
Empirical correction factor for below ground vegetables
(unitless)
Biota data; see Appendix F
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-31
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Vegetation
Table K5-6. Concentration in Fish at Different Trophic Levels (mg/kg)
-'fish
Cfish =CwtxBCF
Name
Description
Value
Concentration in water (total) (mg/L)
Waterbody model; see Appendix J
BCFT3F
Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 3, fish filet (L/kg) Chemical data; see Appendix E
BCFT
Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 3, fish whole (L/kg) Chemical data; see Appendix E
BCFT
Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 4, fish filet (L/kg) Chemical data; see Appendix E
BCFT
Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 4, fish whole (L/kg) Chemical data; see Appendix E
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-32
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Animal Products
Table K6-1. Concentration in animal products (mg/kg -WW)
For cattle:
A =BCFyFFx(APtotal+ACsml]
For all other animal products:
A =BCFx(APtotal+ACsoll)
Name
BCF
Description
Value
ACsoji Weighted concentration in soil proportional to total diet of an Calculated; see Table K6-3
animal (mg/kg)
APtotai Summed weighted concentration of all vegetation types in Calculated; see Table K7-2
animal diet (mg/kg)
FF * Feedlot factor for beef fat calculation (<= 1 for beef fat and = 1 Biota data; see Appendix F
for milk fat) (unitless)
Concentration ratio of contaminant as determined from
vegetative intake (unitless)
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Based on U.S. EPA, 2000.
* Feedlot factor represents the fraction of cattle lifetime spent in a feedlot.
K-33
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Animal Products
Table K6-2. Weighted concentration in vegetation proportional to an animal's total diet (mg/kg
DW)
AP
AP =DFxPDW
TtW
P
100
Name
Description
Value
Concentration of contaminant in vegetation as dry weight Calculated above
(mg/kg DW)
DF
Concentration in vegetation as wet weight (mg/kg WW)
Calculated; see Table K5-1
MAF Plant tissue-specific moisture adjustment factor to convert DW Biota data; see Appendix F
concentration into WW (percent)
Vegetative Fraction in animal's diet (unitless)
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-34
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Concentrations in Animal Products
Table K6-3. Weighted concentration in soil proportional to an animal's total diet (mg/kg)
l xBsxCSt
•.oil
Name Description Value
Csoii Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg) Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
DFSoii Fraction of animal diet that is soil (unitless) Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Bs Bioavailability of contaminant on the soil vehicle relative to the Chemical data; see Appendix E
vegetative vehicle (unitless)
Source: U.S. EPA, 2000.
K-35
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-1. Average Daily Concentration in Indoor Air (mg/mA3)
*-'/Hrii
airindaor
r =
airlndoor
\ airShower Shower ) \ airBathroom bathroom )
1440
C
airShower
, airBathroom —
^ [(yb, t+ts +yb, t)/2\x 1000
Name
(^
^ air Shower
p
^airBathroom
Yb, t+ts
•1 shower
Ys.t+ts
Yb,t
YM
T
1 bathroom
1000
ns
nb
1440
Description
Average concentration in shower (mg/mA3)
Average concentration in bathroom (mg/mA3)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the bathroom at the
end of time step (mg/L)
Total time spent in shower stall (min)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the end
of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the bathroom at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Time spent in bathroom, not in shower (min)
Conversion factor (L/mA3)
Number of time steps corresponding to time spent in the
shower (unitless)
Number of time steps corresponding to time spent in the
bathroom (unitless)
Minutes per day (min)
Value
Calculated above
Calculated above
Calculated; see Table K7-2
Calculated; see Table K7-10
Calculated; see Table K7-3
Calculated from last time step
Calculated from last time step
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Calculated as Tshower divided by ts
Calculated as Tbathroom divided by ts
The above equations are used to calculate the time-weighted average daily indoor air concentration to which a
receptor is exposed. The equation assumes that receptors are only exposed to contaminants in the shower and
bathroom.
K-36
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-2. Vapor-Phase Constituent Concentration in the Bathroom at End of Time Step
(mg/L)
(y,, t+ts -yb,t)- Qbh x (yb, t-yh.t
yb, t+ts =yb,t+
Name
Ys, t+ts
Yb,t
vb
Qsb
Description
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the end
of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the bathroom at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Volume of bathroom (mA3)
Volumetric exchange rate between the shower and the
bathroom (L/min)
Value
Calculated; see Table K7-3
Calculated from last time step
10
100; estimated from the volume and
flow rate in McKone (1 987) such that
the exchange rate equals the volume
divided by the residence time (e.g.,
2000L/20 min).
Qbh Volumetric exchange rate between the bathroom and the house 300; estimated from the volume and
(L/min) flow rate in McKone (1987) such that
the exchange rate equals the volume
divided by the residence time (e.g.,
10,OOOL/30 min).
ts Time step = 0.2 (min)
1000 Conversion factor (L/mA3)
Yh,t Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the house at the
beginning of time step; Assumed deminimus: yh, t=0 (mg/L)
The above equations are used to calculate the time-weighted average daily indoor air concentration to which a
receptor is exposed. The equation assumes that receptors are only exposed to contaminants in the shower and
bathroom.
K-37
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-3. Vapor-Phase Constituent Concentration in the Shower at End of Time Step (mg/L)
= v +
[Es-(Qsbx(yst-ybt)xtS)]
-
FxlOOO
Name
Es
Yb,t
Ys,t
Qsb
Description
Mass emitted in the shower for a given time step (mg)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the bathroom at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Volumetric exchange rate between the shower and the
bathroom (L/min)
Value
Calculated; see Table K7-6
Calculated from last time step
Calculated from last time step
100; estimated from the volume and
flow rate in McKone (1 987) such that
vs
the exchange rate equals the volume
divided by the residence time (e.g.,
2000L/20 min).
Volume of shower stall (mA3)
ts
Time step = 0.2 (min)
1000
Conversion factor (L/mA3)
This equation is used to calculate the vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at end of time step. The
equation is derived from Equation 9 in Little (1992).
K-38
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-4. Fraction of Vapor-Phase Saturation in Shower (unitless)
Jsat
Name
Ys.t+ts
ys,t
Yeq
Description
_ ys, t + te
Jsat
yeq
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the end
of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Vapor-phase contaminant concentration in equilibrium
between water and air (mg/L)
Value
Calculated; see Table K7-3
Calculated from last time step
H'xCin
This equation is used to calculate the fraction of a given chemical emitted from a droplet of water in the shower.
The equation is based on Equation 5 in Little (1992).
K-39
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-5. Fraction of Constituent Emitted from a Droplet (unitless)
fe
em
fe
Name Description Value
N Dimensionless overall mass transfer coefficient (unitless) Calculated; see Table K7-8
fsat Fraction of gas-phase saturation (unitless) Calculated; see Table K7-4
The above equations are used to determine the mass of contaminant emitted for a given time step. The
equilibrium concentration in air (y_eq) is calculated from Equation 1 in Little (1992).
K-40
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-6. Contaminant Mass Emitted in the Shower for a Given Time Step (mg)
For Et > Emax,
E. = E
s max
For Et <
Where,
Et =CinxShowerRate xtsxfem
xiooo
Name
Description
Value
Et
Potential mass of constituent emitted from shower during time
step (mg)
Calculated above
p
J-^ma
Maximum possible mass of constituent emitted from shower
during time step (mg)
Calculated above
Fraction of constituent emitted from a droplet (unitless)
Calculated; see Table K7-5
FT
Dimensionless Henry's law constant (unitless)
Calculated; see Table K7-9
Vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at the
beginning of time step (mg/L)
Calculated from last time step
Vapor-phase contaminant concentration in equilibrium
between water and air (mg/L)
H'xCin
Cm
Constituent concentration in incoming water (mg/L)
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
ShowerRate
Rate of flow from showerhead (L/min)
5.5; calculated based on droplet
diameter and nozzle velocity.
Vs
Volume of shower stall (mA3)
ts
Time step = 0.2 (min)
1000
Conversion factor (L/mA3)
This equation is used to calculate the vapor-phase constituent concentration in the shower at end of time step. The
equation is derived from Equation 9 in Little (1992).
K-41
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-7. Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient (cm/s)
K.
ol
fl
K =8x
2.5
Name
H'
Dw
Da
P
Description
Dimensionless Henry's law constant (unitless)
Diffusivity in water (cmA2/s)
Diffusivity of chemical in air (cmA2/s)
Proportionality constant (cm-sA-l/3)
Value
Calculated; see Table K7-9
Chemical data; see Appendix E
Chemical data; see Appendix E
216
This equation calculates the dimensionless overall mass transfer coefficient. The above equation is based on Little
(1992).
K-42
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-8. Dimensionless Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient (unitless)
N
N =Kol xAVRatiox DropResTime
AVRatio = -
DropDiam
DropResTime =
NozHeightxWO
DropVel
Name
AVRatio
DropResTime
K0i
DropDiam
NozHeight
DropVel
100
Description
Area-to- volume ratio for a sphere (cmA2/cmA3)
Residence time for falling drops (s)
Overall mass transfer coefficient (cm/s)
Drop diameter (cm)
Nozzle height (m)
Drop terminal velocity (cm/s)
Conversion factor (cm/m)
Value
Calculated above
Calculated above
Calculated; see Table K7-7
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This equation is used to calculate the fraction of a given chemical emitted from a droplet of water in the shower.
The equation is based on Equation 5 in Little (1992).
K-43
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-9. Dimensionless Henry's Law Constant (unitless)
H'
H' =HLCcoefxHLC
1
R x Temp
Name
Description
Value
HLCC1
Coefficient to Henry's law constant (unitless)
Calculated above
HLC
Henry's law constant (atm-mA3/mole)
Chemical data; see Appendix E
R
Ideal Gas Constant; R=0.00008205 (atm-mA3/K-mole)
298
Temperature (K)
This equation calculates the dimensionless Henry's law constant.
K-44
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Indoor Air Concentrations from Shower
Table K7-10. Total Time Spent in Shower Stall (min)
T
* shower
T = T + T
shower showerstall showering
Name Description Value
Tshowerstaii Time in shower stall after showering (min) Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Tshowering Duration of shower (min) Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This equation calculates the total time that a receptor is exposed to vapors.
K-45
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-1. Average Daily Dose from Total Ingestion (mg/kg BW/d)
ADD
Totallngestion
ADDTotallngestion = ADDsml + ADDdw + ADD, + ADDbeef + ADDmjlk + ADD,h
Name
Description
Value
ADDfi
Average daily dose from consumption offish (mg/kg BW/d) Calculated; see Tables K8-2
ADDsoa
Average daily dose from ingestion of soil (mg/kg BW/d)
Calculated; see Tables K8-4
ADDdw
Daily intake of contaminant from consumption of drinking
water (mg/kg BW/d)
Calculated; see Tables K8-5
ADDbee:
Average daily dose from consumption of beef (mg/kg BW/d) Calculated; see Tables K8-2
ADD,,
Average daily dose from consumption of milk (mg/kg BW/d) Calculated; see Tables K8-2
ADDproduce Average daily dose from consumption of produce (mg/kg
BW/d)
Calculated; see Tables K8-3
K-46
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-2. Average Daily Dose from Ingestion of Animal Tissue (mg/kg BW/d)
ADD,,nil
animal
ADDammal = SU *RM *FM x (1 - LM
Name Description Value
AJ Concentration of contaminant in animal tissue (mg/kg WW) Calculated; see Table K6-1
LAI Contaminant loss factor (unitless) Human exposure data; see Appendix L
FAI Fraction of animal tissue that is contaminated (unitless) Human exposure data; see Appendix L
CR/d Daily human consumption rate of animal tissue (g WW/kg Human exposure data; see Appendix L
BW/day)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-47
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-3. Average Daily Dose from Consumption of Produce (mg/kg BW/d)
Name
Pi
FPl
Lpi
CRA,
1000
Description
Concentration in vegetation as wet weight (mg/kg WW)
Fraction of vegetables grown in contaminated soil (unitless)
Food preparation loss (unitless)
Daily human consumption rate of animal tissue (g WW/kg
BW/day)
Conversion factor (g/kg)
Value
Calculated; see Tables K5-1 and Table
K5-5
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-48
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-4. Average Daily Dose from Ingestion of Soil (mg/kg BW/d)
ADDsoil
ADD = c*°" ^ xF*ml xo.oooooi
BW
Name Description Value
Csoii Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg) Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
BW Body weight (kg) Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Fsoii Fraction of contaminated soil that is ingested (unitless) Human exposure data; see Appendix L
CRS Soil ingestion rate (mg/day) Human exposure data; see Appendix L
0.000001 Conversion factor (kg/mg)
Source: U.S. EPA, 1998a.
K-49
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-5. Daily Intake of Contaminant from Consumption of Drinking Water (mg/kg BW/d)
Name
P
^water
BW
Fdw
CRdw
1000
Source: U.S.
Description
Total concentration in the water (mg/L)
Body weight (kg)
Fraction of drinking water ingested that is contaminated
(unitless)
Consumption rate of water (L/day)
Conversion factor (mL/L)
EPA, 1998a.
Value
Calculated fro water body model
(Appendix J) or from leachate (Table
K4-1).
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
K-50
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Dose
Table K8-6. Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/d)
LADD
LADD =
ADD XEDXEF
ATX365
Name
Description
Value
ADD
Average daily dose (mg/kg/day)
Calculated; see Tables K8-1 to K8-5
SA
Stallage (yr)
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
EF
Exposure frequency (d/yr)
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
AT
Averaging time (yr)
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
ED
Exposure duration (yr)
Human exposure data; see Appendix L
365
Conversion factor (days/yr)
Calculated from source model emissions. Source: U.S. EPA. 1998a.
K-51
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
Table K9-1. Total Exposure Dose from Ingestion (mg/kg/d)
Dose,
total
D°Setotal =
BW
Name
Description
Value
Dose from diet items (plants and prey) (mg/d)
Calculated; see Table K9-2
Dosesw
Dose from surface water ingestion (L/d)
Calculated; see Table K9-5
Dosesofl/se
Dose from soil or sediment ingestion (mg/d)
Calculated; see Table K9-4
BW
Body Weight (kg)
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This equation calculates the total eposure dose for each chemical, for each receptor. Total dose is a summation of
the dose from ingestion of plants and prey, incidental soil or sediment, and surface water. Sample et al., 1997.
K-52
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
Table K9-2. Dose from Ingestion of Plants and Prey (mg/d WW)
JJOS6(iietitems
x-, / \
T)n VP — > 1 1 v/) r v / 7? )
^UJC' dietitems £j \^ dietitemi ™^± dietitemi /^±± ^food )
Name
P
^dietitemi
-U-t1 dietitemi
IRfood
Description
Concentration of contaminant in diet item i (mg/kg
Fraction of diet composed of diet item i (unitless)
Intake rate of food (mg/kg/d)
Value
WW) Calculated; see Table K9-3
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This exuation calculates the exposure dose from ingestion of plants and prey items. Dosedietitems is calculated
for each chemical and each receptor. Source: Sample et al., 1997.
K-53
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
Table K9-3. Concentration in Diet Items (mg/kg WW)
-•dietitem
r< —r< x RAF
sedimentdietitem sed us*-± sedimentdietitem
terrestrialdietitem soil terrestrialdietitem
aquaticdietitem sw aquaticdietitem
Name
csw
CSed
Csoil
P> A T7
l->iLF aquaticdietitem
p> A T7
JJ^LT sedimentdietitem
BAr terrestrialdietitem
Description
Concentration of contaminant in surface water (mg/L)
Concentration of contaminant in sediment (mg/kg)
Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg)
Bioaccumulation factor for aquatic diet item (mg/kg
WW)/(mg/kg )
Bioaccumulation factor for sediment diet item (mg/kg
WW)/(mg/kg sediment)
Bioaccumulation factor for terrestrial diet item (mg/kg
WW)/(mg/kg soil)
Value
Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
Eco BAF; see Appendix M
Eco BAF; see Appendix M
Eco BAF; see Appendix M
This equation calculates the chemical concentration in each of 10 different prey items. Concentrations in plant
items in receptors' diets are calculated in the human exposure equations, as shown in Section K5.
K-54
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
Table K9-4. Dose from Incidental Ingestion of Soil or Sediment (mg/d)
Dosexnil
soil/sed
Dosesml
>Csollxfsml
Dosesed =lRfood
sed
Name
Csed
Csoil
IRfood
fsed
fsoa
Description
Concentration of contaminant in sediment (mg/kg)
Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg)
Intake rate of food (mg/kg/d)
Fraction of sediment in diet (unitless)
Fraction of soil in diet (unitless)
Value
Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This equation calculates the exposure dose from incidental ingestion of soil or sediment, depending upon where
receptors derive the majority of their diet. Source: Sample et al., 1997.
K-55
-------
Appendix K Equations
Calculation of Ecological Exposure
Table K9-5. Dose from Ingestion of Surface Water (L/d)
Dose,,., =IRxC
•sw ^ sw
Name Description Value
Csw Concentration of contaminant in surface water (mg/L) Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
IRSw Ingestion rate of surface water (L/d) Eco Exposure data; see Appendix N
This equation calculates the exposure dose that comes from ingestion of surface water. Source: Sample et al.,
1997.
K-56
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Risk
Table K10-1. Hazard Quotient for Soil and Sediment Invertebrates (unitless)
-" {^s
oil/sedinv
HO.
r
oil
HQsedim, ~
r
sed
Name
Description
Value
Cse
Concentration of contaminant in sediment (mg/kg)
Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
Csoil
Concentration of contaminant in soil (mg/kg)
Calculated based on erosion, runoff,
and deposition from LAU.
BMKsollmv
Benchmark for soil invertebrates (mg/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
BMKsedmv
Benchmark for sediment invertebrates (mg/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
K-57
-------
Appendix K
Equations
Calculation of Ecological Risk
Table K10-2. Hazard Quotient for Surface Water Receptors (unitless)
HQSW
HQaq,nv ~
c.
BMK
aqinv
BMK
aqpl
HQfish =
C.
BMKfish
HQ,
C.
amph
BMK
•mph
C.
Name
Description
Value
Concentration of contaminant in surface water (mg/L)
Calculated from waterbody model; see
Appendix J
BMKaqmv
Benchmark for aquatic invertebrates (L/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
BMK,
iqpl
Benchmark for aquatic plants (L/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
BMKfish
Benchmark for fish (L/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
BMKa:
imph
Benchmark for amphibians (L/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
BMKSW
Benchmark for surface water community (mg/kg)
Eco benchmark data; see Appendix P
Surface water concentrations (Csw) were averaged over time periods corresponding to respective benchmark
exposure durations, as shown in Appendix P.
K-58
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
-------
-------
Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
This section describes the human exposure assessment that was conducted for the sewage
sludge screening analysis to determine or estimate the magnitude, frequency, duration, and route
of exposure to sewage sludge pollutants that an individual may experience. The term
"exposure," as defined by the EPA exposure guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1992), is the condition that
occurs when a contaminant comes into contact with the outer boundary of the body. The
exposure of an individual to a contaminant completes an exposure pathway. Once the body is
exposed, the constituent can cross the outer boundary and enter the body. The amount of
contaminant that crosses and is available for adsorption at internal exchange boundaries is
referred to as the "dose" (U.S. EPA, 1992).
Exposure factors are data that quantify human behavior patterns (e.g., ingestion rates of
beef and fruit) and characteristics (e.g., body weight) that affect human exposure to
environmental contaminants. These data can be used to construct realistic assumptions
concerning an individual's exposure to and subsequent intake of a contaminant in the
environment. The exposure factors data also enable EPA to differentiate the exposures of
individuals of different ages (e.g., a child vs. an adult). Section L.I presents an overview of the
receptors and selected exposure pathways considered for the screening analysis. The derivation
and values used for the human exposure factors in this risk assessment are described in Section
L.2.
L.I Receptors and Exposure Pathways
In the agricultural application scenario, both adult and child members of a farm family
are assumed to be exposed to contaminants through the application of sewage sludge to their
own farm. The farm family is assumed to be living on the farm during the time that sludge is
applied. The adults are assumed to be 20 years old or older when exposure begins, and the
children in the farm family are assumed to begin exposure at 1 year of age. In the lagoon sludge
disposal scenario, receptors of concern include adults and children who reside near the lagoon
where sewage sludge is managed.
Table L-l lists each receptor along with the specific exposure pathways that apply to that
receptor for a given exposure scenario. As indicated in Table L-l, not all receptors are exposed
through the same pathways. For the agricultural application scenario, the adult and child farmer
L-3
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
Table L-l. Receptors and Exposure Pathways for Sewage Sludge Screening Analysis
Receptor
Adult
farmer
Child
farmer
Adult
resident
Child
resident
Exposure
Scenario
LAU
LAU
SI
SI
Inhalation
of
Ambient
Air
7
'
'
7
Inhalation
of
Indoor
Air3
/
/
/
/
Ingestion
of Soil
/
/
Ingestion
of
Drinking
Water
/
/
/
/
Ingestion
of
Produce
7
'
Ingestion
of Beef
and Dairy
Products
7
'
Ingestion
of Fish
(Farm
Pond)
/
/
a Showering is the only source of contamination considered in the analysis for indoor air.
are exposed via inhalation of air and ingestion of soil, homegrown above- and belowground
produce, beef, dairy, fish, and drinking water. The adult and child are also exposed to
groundwater or surface water via the inhalation of vapors generated from constituents
volatilizing during showering. For the lagoon sludge disposal scenario, the adult and child are
exposed via inhalation of air, and ingestion of drinking water, and to groundwater via inhalation
during showering.
L.1.1 Childhood Exposure
Children are an important subpopulation to consider in a risk assessment because they are
likely to be more susceptible to exposures than adults; compared to adults, children may drink
more fluids per unit of body weight. This higher intake-rate-to-body-weight ratio can result in a
higher average daily dose (ADD) for children than for adults.
As children mature, their physical characteristics and behavior patterns change. To
capture these changes in the analysis, the life of a child was considered in stages represented by
the following cohorts: cohort 1 (ages 1 to 5), cohort 2 (ages 6 to 11), cohort 3 (ages 12 to 19),
and cohort 4 (ages 20 to 70). Associated with each cohort are distributions of values, called
"exposure parameters," that are required to calculate exposure to an individual. The exposure
parameter distributions for each cohort reflect the physical characteristics and behavior patterns
of that age range. Data from the Exposure Factors Handbook (EFH) were used to derive
distributions appropriate for each cohort (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c). The distributions for the 20- to
70-year-old cohort were the same as those used for adult receptors.
The development of the child exposure parameters consisted of two steps:
1. Define the start age of the child
2. Select the exposure duration of the child.
L-4
-------
Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
To capture the higher intake-rate-to-body-weight ratio of children, a start age of 1 was selected.
The distribution of exposure duration for cohort 1 (ages 1 to 5) was used to define exposure
duration for each of the 3,000 iterations in the probabilistic analysis.
L.1.2 Exposure Pathways
Human receptors may come into contact with pollutants present in environmental media
through a variety of pathways. In general, exposure pathways are either direct, such as
inhalation of ambient air, or indirect, such as the farm food chain pathways. The exposure
pathways considered in this assessment were inhalation of ambient air; inhalation of indoor air
vapors from contaminated water via showering; and ingestion of soil, produce, beef, dairy
products, fish, and drinking water.
L.l.2.1 Inhalation of Ambient Air. Both vapors and particles can be inhaled in
ambient air by a receptor. Both adults and children were affected via direct inhalation in the
agricultural application and sewage sludge lagoon exposure scenarios.
L.l.2.2 Inhalation of Indoor Air. In the agricultural application scenario, tap water
was assumed to be either untreated directly from the index reservoir (surface water) or from an
onsite well (groundwater). In the sewage sludge lagoon scenario, tap water was assumed to be
only from an onsite well (groundwater). The tap water used for drinking water was assumed to
also be used for showering by both the adult and child. Pollutants can volatilize from shower
water, resulting in inhalation exposures in both scenarios.
L.l.2.3 Ingestion of Soil. In the agricultural application scenario, both adult and child
farmer receptors were exposed to soil based on incidental ingestion, mostly as a result of hand-
to-mouth behavior. Ingestion of soil was not considered for the sewage sludge lagoon scenario.
L.l.2.4 Ingestion of Above- and Belowground Produce. Ingestion of the following
categories of produce was considered for the agricultural application scenario: exposed fruit,
protected fruit, exposed vegetables, root vegetables, and protected vegetables. For aboveground
produce, the term "exposed" indicates that the edible portion of the plant is exposed to the
atmosphere, while the term "protected" indicates that the edible portion of the plant is protected
from the atmosphere by an inedible skin. Farmers were assumed to grow a portion of their fruits
and vegetables on land amended with sewage sludge. These fruits and vegetables were assumed
to become contaminated via soil and air. Belowground produce refers to root crops grown by the
farmer. Ingestion of produce was not considered for the lagoon scenario.
L.l.2.5 Ingestion of Beef and Dairy Products. Beef and dairy cattle were assumed to
be exposed to pollutants via differing intake rates of contaminated soil, forage, and feed. In the
agricultural application scenario, adult and child farmer receptors were assumed to consume beef
and drink milk from cattle that grazed in the pasture amended with sewage sludge. Ingestion of
beef and dairy were not considered for the lagoon scenario.
L.l.2.6 Ingestion of Fish. Fish are exposed to sewage sludge pollutants via uptake of
contaminants from surface waters. In the agricultural application scenario, the fish consumed by
L-5
-------
Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
the farm family were home caught from the farm pond. Ingestion offish was not considered for
the lagoon scenario.
L.l.2.7 Ingestion of Drinking Water. In addition to inhalation of indoor air, ingestion
of drinking water was considered in both exposure scenarios. For the agricultural application
scenario, tap water was assumed to be either untreated directly from the index reservoir (surface
water) or from an onsite well (groundwater). For the lagoon scenario, tap water was assumed to
be only from an onsite well (groundwater).
L.2 Exposure Parameters Used in Probabilistic Analysis
L.2.1 Introduction
The general methodology for collecting human exposure data for the probabilistic
analysis relied on the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a,b,c), which was used in one of three ways:
1. When EFH percentile data were adequate (most input variables), maximum
likelihood estimation was used to fit selected parametric models (gamma,
lognormal, Weibull, and generalized gamma) to the EFH data. The chi-square
measure of goodness of fit was then used to choose the best distribution.
Parameter uncertainty information (e.g., for averages, standard deviations) also
was derived using the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimate
or a regression approach.
2. For a few variable conditions when percentile data were not adequate for
statistical model fitting, models were selected on the basis of results for other age
cohorts or, if no comparable information was available, by assuming lognormal as
a default distribution and reasonable coefficients of variation (CVs).
3. Other variables for which data were not adequate for either 1 or 2 above were
fixed at EFH-recommended mean values or according to established EPA policy.
Table L-2 summarizes all of the parameters that were varied in the probabilistic analysis.
Fixed variables are presented later in Section L.2.3.
Probabilistic risk analyses involve "sampling" values from probability distribution
functions (PDFs) and using the values to estimate risk. In some cases, distributions are infinite,
and there is a probability, although very small, that very large or very small values might be
selected from the distributions. Because selecting extremely large or extremely small values is
unrealistic (e.g., the range of adult body weights is not infinite), maximum and minimum values
were imposed on the distributions. For the probabilistic analyses, the maximum intake rates for
most food items were defined as 2 x (mean + 3 SD). For beef (adult farmer), exposed fruit (adult
farmer), and exposed vegetable (child aged 12-19 yrs old), 2 times the 99th percentile value was
used as the maximum intake rate. For fish, adult subsistence fisher ingestion rates were used as
the maximum. Minimum intake values for all food items were zero. The minimum and
maximum values are also included in Table L-2.
L-6
-------
Table L-2. Summary of Exposure Parameters
Parameter
Body weight (adult)
Body weight (child 1)
Body weight (child 2)
Body weight (child 3)
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate:
Consumption rate:
Consumption rate:
Consumption rate:
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate
Consumption rate:
beef (adult farmer)
beef (child 1 farmer)
beef (child 2 farmer)
beef (child 3 farmer)
exposed fruit (adult farmer)
exposed fruit (child 1 farmer)
exposed fruit (child 2 farmer)
exposed fruit (child 3 farmer)
exposed vegetables (adult farmer)
exposed vegetables (child 1 farmer)
exposed vegetables (child 2 farmer)
exposed vegetables (child 3 farmer)
fish (adult, child)
milk (adult farmer)
milk (child 1 farmer)
milk (child 2 farmer)
milk (child 3 farmer)
protected fruit (adult farmer)
protected fruit (child 1 farmer)
protected fruit (child 2 farmer)
protected fruit (child 3 farmer)
protected vegetables (adult farmer)
Units
kg
kg
kg
kg
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g/d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
Variable
Type
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Lognormal
Mean
(or Shape)
7.12E+01
1.55E+01
3.07E+01
5.82E+01
2.50E+00
3.88E+00
3.88E+00
2.47E+00
2.36E+00
1.43E+00
2.78E+00
1.54E+00
2.38E+00
9.70E-01
1.64E+00
9.10E-01
6.48E+00
1.38E+00
9.61E-01
9.61E-01
9.61E-01
7.38E-01
7.37E-01
7.37E-01
7.36E-01
1.27E+00
Used in
Sewage Sludge Screening
Std Dev
(or Scale) Minimum
1.33E+01
2.05E+00
5.96E+00
1.02E+01
2.69E+00
4.71E+00
4.71E+00
7.10E-01
3.33E+00
1.58E+00
5.12E+00
2.44E+00
3.50E+00
2.62E+00
3.95E+00
1.19E+00
1.99E+01
1.19E+01
6.18E+01
3.14E+01
1.39E+01
6.92E+00
1.59E+01
8.15E+00
3.56E+00
1.85E+00
1.50E+01
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
1.30E+01
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
Maximum
3.00E+02
5.00E+01
2.00E+02
3.00E+02
2.30E+01
3.60E+01
3.60E+01
l.OOE+01
3.10E+01
1.60E+01
3.60E+01
1.80E+01
2.60E+01
2.10E+01
2.70E+01
1.10E+01
1.50E+03
1.16E+02
4.82E+02
2.45E+02
1.09E+02
6.50E+01
4.50E+01
2.60E+01
3.80E+01
1.80E+01
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
Analysis
Reference
EPA(1997a);
EPA (1997a);
EPA (1997a);
EPA (1997a);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA (1997b);
U.S. EPA(1997b);
(1997)
U.S. EPA (1997b);
(1997)
U.S. EPA (1997b);
(1997)
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
EPA (1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA (1997b);
EPA(1997b);
Tbl 7-2, 7-4, 7-5
Tbl 7-3, 7-6, 7-7
Tbl 7-3, 7-6, 7-7
Tbl 7-3, 7-6, 7-7
Tbl 13-36
Tbl 13-36
Tbl 13-36
Tbl 13-36
Tbl 13-61
Tbl 13-61
Tbl 13-61
Tbl 13-61
Tbl 13-63
Tbl 13-63
Tbl 13-63
Tbl 13-63
Tbl 10-64
Tbl 13-28; CSFII (1997)
Tbl 11-2, 13-28; USDA
Tbl 11-2, 13-28; USDA
Tbl 11-2, 13-28; USDA
Tbl 13-62
Tbl 13-62
Tbl 13-62
Tbl 13-62
Tbl 13-64
(continued)
t
1
«'
t-<
|
s
!
^
•s.
^
^
3
^
-------
Table L-2. (continued)
Parameter
Consumption rate: protected vegetables (child 1 farmer)
Consumption rate: protected vegetables (child 2 farmer)
Consumption rate: protected vegetables (child 3 farmer)
Consumption rate: root vegetables (adult farmer)
Consumption rate: root vegetables (child 1 farmer)
Consumption rate: root vegetables (child 2 farmer)
Consumption rate: root vegetables (child 3 farmer)
Exposure duration (child)
Exposure duration (adult resident)
Exposure duration (adult farmer)
Ingestion rate: drinking water (adult)
Ingestion rate: drinking water (child 1)
Ingestion rate: drinking water (child 2)
Ingestion rate: drinking water (child 3)
Time spent showering
Time spent in shower stall after showering
Time spent in bathroom after shower
Units
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
g WW/kg-d
yr
yr
yr
mL/d
mL/d
mL/d
mL/d
min
min
min
Variable
Type
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Weibull
Weibull
Weibull
Weibull
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Weibull
Weibull
Mean
(or Shape)
1.88E+00
1.07E+00
7.70E-01
1.45E+00
2.31E+00
6.80E-01
8.40E-01
1.32E+00
1.34E+00
6.07E-01
3.88E+00
2.95E+00
3.35E+00
2.82E+00
2.83E+00
9.60E-01
9.80E-01
1
1.
Std Dev
(or Scale)
.98E+00
.04E+00
6.90E-01
2,
.06E+00
6.05E+00
1.
9,
.06E+00
.10E-01
7.06E+00
1
.74E+01
2.98E+01
3,
2,
2,
3,
5,
.57E+02
.37E+02
.35E+02
.42E+02
.89E+00
8.36E+00
9.75E+00
Minimum
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
l.OOE+00
l.OOE+00
l.OOE+00
1.04E+02
2.60E+01
3.40E+01
3.30E+01
l.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
Maximum
1.60E+01
8.00E+00
6.00E+00
1.50E+01
4.10E+01
1.50E+01
9.00E+00
l.OOE+02
l.OOE+02
l.OOE+02
1.10E+04
3.84E+03
4.20E+03
5.40E+03
6.00E+01
6.00E+01
1.20E+02
Reference
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997b);
EPA(1997c);
EPA (1997c);
EPA(1997c);
EPA(1997a);
EPA(1997a);
EPA(1997a);
EPA(1997a);
EPA(1997c);
EPA (1997c);
EPA (1997c);
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
Tbl
13-64
13-64
13-64
13-65
13-65
13-65
13-65
15-168
15-168
15-163, 15-164
3-6
3-6
3-6
3-6
15-21
15-23
15-32
-------
Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
L.2.2 Exposure Parameter Distribution Methodology
This section describes how stochastic or distributed input data for each exposure factor
were collected and processed. Exposure parameter distributions were developed for use in the
Monte Carlo analysis. For most variables for which distributions were developed, exposure
factor data from the EFH were analyzed to fit selected parametric models (i.e., gamma,
lognormal, Weibull). Steps in the development of distributions included preparing data, fitting
models, assessing fit, and preparing parameters to characterize distributional uncertainty in the
model inputs.
For many exposure factors, EFH data include sample sizes and estimates of the following
parameters for specific receptor types and age groups: mean, standard deviation, standard error,
and percentiles corresponding to a subset of the following probabilities—0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10,
0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.99. These percentile data were used as a
basis for fitting distributions where available. Although in no case were all of these percentiles
actually provided for a single factor, seven or more were typically present in the EFH data.
Therefore, using the percentiles is a fuller use of the available information than simply fitting
data based on the method of moments (e.g., selecting models that agree with the data mean and
standard deviation). For some factors, certain percentiles were not used in the fitting process
because sample sizes were too small to justify their use. Percentiles were used only if at least
one data point was in the tail of the distribution. If the EFH data repeated a value across several
adjacent percentiles, only one value (the most central or closest to the median) was used in most
cases (e.g., if both the 98th and 99th percentiles had the same value, only the 98th value was used).
The EFH does not use standardized age cohorts across exposure factors. Different
exposure factors have data reported for different age categories. Therefore, to obtain the
percentiles for fitting the four standardized age cohorts (i.e., ages 1 to 5, 6 to 11, 12 to 19, and
greater than 20), each EFH cohort-specific value for a given exposure factor was assigned to one
of these four cohorts. When multiple EFH cohorts fit into a single cohort, the EFH percentiles
were averaged within each cohort (e.g., data on 1- to 2- and 3- to 5-year-olds were averaged for
the 1- to 5-year old cohort). If sample sizes were available, weighted averages were used, with
weights proportional to sample sizes. If sample sizes were not available, equal weights were
assumed (i.e., the percentiles were simply averaged).
Because the EFH data are always positive and almost always skewed to the right (i.e.,
have a long right tail), three two-parameter probability models commonly used to characterize
such data (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) were selected. In addition, a three-parameter model
(generalized gamma) was used that unifies the other three models1 and allows for a likelihood
ratio test of the fit of the two-parameter models. However, only the two-parameter models were
selected for use in the analysis because the three-parameter generalized gamma model did not
significantly improve the goodness of fit over the two-parameter models. This simple setup
constitutes a considerable improvement over the common practice of using a lognormal model in
which adequate EFH data were available to support maximum likelihood estimation. However,
1 Gamma, Weibull, and lognormal distributions are all special cases of the generalized gamma distribution.
-------
Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
in a few cases (e.g., inhalation rate), data were not adequate to fit a distribution, and the
lognormal model was assumed as the default.
Lognormal, gamma, Weibull, and generalized gamma distributions were fit to each factor
data set using maximum likelihood estimation (Burmaster and Thompson, 1998). When sample
sizes were available, the goodness of fit was calculated for each of the four models using the chi-
square test (Bickel and Doksum, 1977). When percentile data were available but sample sizes
were unknown, a regression F-test for the goodness of fit against the generalized gamma model
was used. For each of the two-parameter models, parameter uncertainty information (i.e., mean,
standard deviation, scale, and shape) was provided as parameter estimates for a bivariate normal
distribution that could be used for simulating parameter values (Burmaster and Thompson,
1998). The information necessary for such simulations includes estimates of the two model
parameters, their standard errors, and their correlation. To obtain this parameter uncertainty
information, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimate (Burmaster and
Thompson, 1998) was used when sample sizes were available, and a regression approach was
used when sample sizes were not available (Jennrich and Moore, 1975; Jennrich and Ralston,
1979). In either case, uncertainty can be expressed as a bivariate normal distribution for the
model parameters.
L.2.3 Fixed Parameters
Certain parameters were fixed based on central tendency values from the best available
source (usually EFH recommendations), either because no variability was expected or because
the available data were not adequate to generate distributions. Fixed (constant) parameters are
shown in Table L-3 along with the value selected for the risk analysis and data source. These
constants include variables for which limited or no percentile data were provided in the EFH
(e.g., exposure frequency and showering frequency). The fraction of consumed trophic level 3
(T3) and trophic level 4 (T4) fish was determined from data in Table 10-66 of the EFH (U.S.
EPA, 1997b), which contains the only fish consumption data reported in the handbook with an
adequate species breakdown to make this distinction. When evaluating carcinogens, total dose
was averaged over the lifetime of the individual, assumed to be 70 years.
Exposure frequency was set to 350 days per year in accordance with EPA policy,
assuming that residents take an average of 2 weeks' vacation time away from their homes each
year.
Mean soil ingestion rates were cited as 100 mg/d for children and 50 mg/d for adults
(Table 4-23, U.S. EPA, 1997a). No percentile data were recommended for use in the EFH.
Adult data were also used for the 6- to 11- and 12- to 19-yr-olds. The soil ingestion rates were
not varied for the probabilistic analysis.
L-10
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
Table L-3. Summary of Human Exposure Factor Data Used in
Description
Averaging time for carcinogens
Exposure frequency
Fraction food preparation loss: exposed fruit
Fraction food preparation loss: exposed vegetables
Fraction food preparation loss: protected fruit
Fraction food preparation loss: protected vegetables
Fraction food preparation loss: root vegetables
Percent cooking loss: beef
Percent postcooking loss: beef
Percent cooking loss: milk
Percent postcooking loss: milk
Fraction offish consumed that is trophic level 3 (T3)
fish
Fraction offish consumed that is trophic level 4 (T4)
fish
Ingestion rate: soil (adult, child 2, child 3)
Ingestion rate: soil (child 1)
Shower frequency (adult)
Average
7.00E+01
3.50E+02
2.10E-01
1.61E-01
2.90E-01
1.30E-01
5.30E-02
2.70E-01
2.40E-01
O.OOE+00
O.OOE+00
3.60E-01
6.40E-01
5.00E+01
l.OOE+02
l.OOE+00
Units
yr
d/y
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
Fraction
mg/d
mg/d
x/d
Modeling: Constants
Source
U.S. EPA (1989) (RAGS)
U.S. EPA (1991)
EFH, Table 13-6
EFH, Table 13-7
EFH, Table 13-6
EFH, Table 13-7
EFH, Table 13-7
EFH, Table 13-5
EFH, Table 13-5
U.S. EPA Policy
U.S. EPA Policy
EFH, Table 10-66
EFH, Table 10-66
EFH, Table 4-23
EFH, Table 4-23
EFH, Table 15-19
Source: EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a, 1997b, 1997c)
L.2.4 Variable Parameters
L.2.4.1 Exposed Fruit Consumption. Table L-4 presents exposed fruit consumption
data. Data for consumption of homegrown exposed fruit were obtained from Table 13-61 of the
EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b). Data (in g WW/kg-d) were presented by age groups and for farmers
(adults). For the 1- to 5-year old age group, data were only available for those aged 3 to 5 years
(not available for 1- to 2-year-olds); therefore, these data were used for the entire 1- to
5-year-old age group. Percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal,
and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to
select the most appropriate model.
L-ll
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
Table L-4. Exposed Fruit Consumption Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
Adult
Fanner
N
49
68
50
112
EFHData(gWW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
2.6
2.52
1.33
2.32
Data
SDev
3.947
3.496
1.457
2.646
P01
0.072
P05
0.171
0.123
0.276
P10
0.373
0.373
0.258
0.371
P25
1
0.619
0.404
0.681
P50
1.82
1.11
0.609
1.3
P75
2.64
2.91
2.27
3.14
P90
5.41
6.98
3.41
5
P95
6.07
11.7
4.78
6.12
P99
15.7
Distributions
Distribution
Gamma
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
2.25
2.78
1.54
2.36
Pop-
Estd
SDev
1.89
5.12
2.44
3.33
N = Number of samples; P01-P99 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L.2.4.2 Protected Fruit Consumption. Data for consumption of homegrown protected
fruit were obtained from Table 13-62 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b) and are presented in Table
L-5 below. Data (in g WW/kg/d) were presented for the following cohorts: 12- to 19-year-olds;
20- to 39-year-olds; 40- to 69-year-olds; and all ages combined. No data for adult farmers or the
1- to 5- and 6- to 11-year-olds were available for homegrown protected fruit consumption. Per
capita intake data for protected fruit (including store-bought products), however, were available
from the EFH for those aged 1 to 2, 3 to 5, and 6 to 11 years (data in the EFH were based on the
1989-1991 CSFII). Therefore, data for the general population were used to calculate adjustment
factors to develop distributions for the nonadult age groups for consumption of homegrown
protected fruit. The population estimated mean and standard deviation for those aged 20 years
and older (derived from the weighted average of means and standard deviations of those aged 20
to 39 years and those aged 40 to 69 years) were used to represent adult farmers for the analysis.
Available percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and
Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to select
gamma as the most appropriate model in all cases. It was assumed that the relative standard
deviations (RSD) for consumption rates were the same for all age groups; the similarity of CVs
suggest that this is a reasonable approximation for the general population. To develop
distributions for the child age groups for the consumption of homegrown protected fruit, it was
also assumed that the mean intake rates have the same fixed ratio for all the age groups of a
given food type. That is, the ratio of the mean amount consumed of homegrown protected fruit
divided by the mean amount consumed of protected fruit in the general population is the same
for any two age groups. These two assumptions (i.e., constant RSD and constant mean ratio)
were used to infer the parameters of the gamma distributions for the home-produced foods from
those of the general population. Each age-specific ratio (or adjustment factor) was multiplied by
the "all ages" group data (e.g., mean, standard deviation) to estimate each age-specific
consumption rate.
L-12
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
Table L-5. Protected Fruit Consumption Data and Distributions
Source
EFH (gen)
EFH (gen)
EFH (gen)
EFH (gen)
EFH (gen)
HP
HP
EFH (HP)
EFH (HP)
EFH (HP)
Age
cohort
All ages
1-5
6-11
12-19
20-69
1-5
6-11
12-19
20-69
All ages
EFH Protected Fruit Consumption Data (g WW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
1.692
4.5
2.339
1.401
1.2
2.960
5.1
5.740
Data
SDev
4.4
6.7
8.2
P05
0.16
0.3
0.266
P10
0.283
0.39
0.335
P25
0.393
0.94
0.933
P50
0.598
2.3
1.079
0.598
0.35
1.23
2
2.34
P75
2.316
7.3
3.727
2.234
1.9
2.84
6.9
7.45
P90
4.687
13
6.920
4.341
3.6
7.44
15
16
P95
6.717
17
8.688
5.761
4.7
11.4
19
19.7
Distributions
Distribu-
tion
gamma
gamma
gamma
gamma
gamma
Pop-
Estd
Shape
0.737
0.737
0.736
0.738
0.71
Pop-
Estd
Scale
15.88
8.146
3.562
6.924
7.718
gen = general population data; EFH = U.S. EPA (1997b); HP = home-produced data; P05-P95 = Percentiles; SDev = standard
deviation; Pop-Estd = population-estimated.
L.2.4.3 Exposed Vegetable Consumption. Table L-6 presents exposed vegetable
consumption data and distribution. Data for consumption of homegrown exposed vegetables
were obtained from Table 13-63 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b). Data (in g WW/kg/d) were
presented for those ages 1 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 11, 12 to 19, 20 to 39, and 40 to 69 years, as well as
for farmers. Weighted averages of percentiles, means, and standard deviations were calculated
for the 1- to 5-year-old age group (combining groups of those aged 1 to 2 years and 3 to 5 years).
Percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using
maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to select the most
appropriate model.
Table L-6. Exposed Vegetable Consumption Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
Adult
farmer
N
105
134
143
207
EFH Data (g WW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
2.453
1.39
1.07
2.17
Data
SDev
2.675
2.037
1.128
2.316
P05
0.102
0.044
0.029
0.184
P10
0.37
0.094
0.142
0.372
P25
0.833
0.312
0.304
0.647
P50
1.459
0.643
0.656
1.38
P75
3.226
1.6
1.46
2.81
P90
6.431
3.22
2.35
6.01
P95
8.587
5.47
3.78
6.83
P99
13.3
5.67
10.3
Distributions
Distribution
Gamma
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
2.55
1.64
1.08
2.38
Pop-
Estd
SDev
2.58
3.95
1.13
3.5
N = Number of samples; P01-P99 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L-13
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
L.2.4.4 Root Vegetable Consumption. Table L-7 presents root vegetable consumption
rate and distributions. Homegrown root vegetable consumption data were obtained from Table
13-65 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b). Data (in g WW/kg/d) were presented for those ages 1 to 2,
3 to 5, 6 to 11, 12 to 19, 20 to 39, 40 to 69 years, and for adult farmers. Weighted averages of
percentiles, means, and standard deviations were calculated for the child 1 age group (combining
groups of those aged 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 years). Percentile data were used to fit parametric models
(gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness
of fit were used to select the most appropriate model.
Table L-7. Root Vegetable Consumption Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
Adult
farmer
N
45
67
76
136
EFH Data (g WW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
1.886
1.32
0.937
1.39
Data
SDev
2.371
1.752
1.037
1.469
P01
0.111
P05
0.081
0.014
0.008
0.158
P10
0.167
0.036
0.068
0.184
P25
0.291
0.232
0.269
0.365
P50
0.686
0.523
0.565
0.883
P75
2.653
1.63
1.37
1.85
P90
5.722
3.83
2.26
3.11
P95
7.502
5.59
3.32
4.58
P99
7.47
Distributions
Distribution
Lognormal
Weibull
Weibull
Lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
2.31
1.38
0.99
1.45
Pop-
Estd
SDev
6.05
2.07
1.19
2.06
N = Number of samples; P01-P99 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L.2.4.5 Protected Vegetable Consumption. Homegrown protected vegetable
consumption data were obtained from Table 13-64 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b) and are
presented in Table L-8 below. Data (in g WW/kg/d) were presented for those aged 1 to 2, 3 to 5,
6 to 11, 12 to 19, 20 to 39, and 40 to 69 years, as well as for farmers. Weighted averages of
percentiles, means, and standard deviations were calculated for the 1- to 5-year-old age group
(combining groups of those aged 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 years). Percentile data were used to fit
parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation.
Measures of goodness of fit were used to select the most appropriate model.
Table L-8. Protected Vegetable Consumption Data and Distributions
EFH Protected Vegetable Consumption Data (g WW/kg/d)
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
Farmer
N
53
63
51
142
Data
Mean
1.76
1.1
0.776
1.3
Data
SDev
1.79
1.064
0.622
1.728
P01
0.087
P05
0.265
0.208
0.161
0.166
P10
0.408
0.318
0.239
0.209
P25
0.829
0.387
0.354
0.337
P50
1.397
0.791
0.583
0.599
P75
2.066
1.31
0.824
1.4
P90
3.053
2.14
1.85
3.55
P95
6.812
3.12
2.2
5.4
P99
9.23
Distrib-
ution
lognormal
lognormal
lognormal
lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
1.88
1.07
0.77
1.27
Pop-
Estd
SDev
1.98
1.04
0.69
1.85
Distributions
N = number of samples; P01-P99 = percentiles; Pop-Estd = population-estimated; SDev = standard deviation.
L-14
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
L.2.4.6 Dairy Products (Milk) Consumption. Table L-9 presents summary statistics
on consumption of dairy products. Home-produced dairy product consumption rate data were
obtained from Table 13-28 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b) for farmers, all ages combined, and
individual age groups. No age-specific data for children were available for home-produced dairy
products consumption. Per capita intake data for dairy products (including store-bought
products), however, were available for those aged 1 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 11, and 12 to 19 from the
EFH and from USDA (1997); the data in the EFH were based on the 1989-1991 CSFII, and it
was decided to use the more recent 1994-1996 CSFII raw data. Therefore, data for the general
population were used to calculate adjustment factors to develop distributions for the nonadult
age groups for consumption of home-produced dairy products.
Percentile data (USDA, 1997) were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal,
and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to
select gamma as the most appropriate model in all cases. It was assumed that the RSD for
consumption rates were the same for all age groups; the similarity of CVs suggests that this is a
reasonable approximation for the general population. The other assumption used to develop
distributions for the child age groups for the consumption of home-produced dairy products was
that the mean intake rates have the same fixed ratio for all the age groups of a given food type.
That is, the ratio of the mean amount consumed of home-produced dairy products divided by the
mean amount of dairy products consumed in the general population is the same for any two age
groups. These two assumptions, of constant RSD and constant mean ratio, were used to infer the
parameters of the gamma distributions for the home-produced foods from those of the general
population (i.e., mean, standard deviation, shape, and scale).
Table L-9. Dairy Products (Milk) Consumption Data and Distributions
Source
CSFII (gen)
CSFII (gen)
CSFII (gen)
CSFII (gen)
CSFII (gen)
HP
HP
HP
EFH (HP)
EFH (HP)
EFH (HP)
Age
Cohort
All
1-5
6-11
12-19
20-69
1-5
6-11
12-19
20_39
All
Adult
farmer
Data (g WW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
6.81
27.4
14
6.2
3.23
7.41
14
17.1
Data
SDev
10.8
22.3
10
5.87
3.3
6.12
15.28
15.8
P05
0.199
1.12
0.826
0.264
0.162
0.396
0.446
0.736
P10
0.392
4.39
2.16
0.484
0.303
0.446
0.508
3.18
P25
1.14
12.2
6.48
1.88
0.854
1.89
3.18
9.06
P50
3.25
22.3
12.3
4.55
2.22
6.46
10.2
12.1
P75
7.59
37.1
19.2
8.88
4.48
12.1
19.5
20.4
P90
16.9
55.9
27.3
13.5
7.45
15.4
34.2
34.9
P95
26.1
70.1
33.5
17.8
9.88
19.5
44
44
Distributions
Distribu-
tion
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Pop-
Estd
Shape
0.961
0.961
0.961
0.961
0.78
1.38
Pop-
Estd
Scale
61.80
31.40
13.90
8.01
18.26
11.85
CSFII = USDA (1997); gen = general population data; EFH = U.S. EPA (1997b); HP = home-produced data; P05-P95 =
Percentiles; Sdev = standard deviation; Pop-Estd = population-estimated
L-15
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
L.2.4.7 Beef Consumption. Table L-10 presents beef consumption data and
distributions. Home-produced beef consumption data were obtained from Table 13-36 of the
EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b). Data (in g WW/kg-d) were presented for farmers and those aged 6 to
11, 12 to 19, 20 to 39, and 40 to 69. Percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma,
lognormal, and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit
were used to select the most appropriate model.
Data were not available for those aged 1 to 2 and 3 to 5. For beef consumption for 1- to
5-year-olds, the lognormal model was used because, among the other age groups, it was the best-
fitted model in all but one case. The population-estimated mean and standard deviation for 6- to
11-year-olds were used for 1- to 5-year-olds for the analysis (normalized for body weight) and
are supported by data in Table 11-3 (per capita intake for beef, including store-bought products),
which indicate that those aged 1 to 2, 3 to 5, and 6 to 11 have the highest consumption rate of
beef on a g/kg-d basis.
Beef consumption rate data were adjusted to account for food preparation and cooking
losses. A mean net cooking loss of 27 percent accounts for dripping and volatile losses during
cooking (averaged over various cuts and preparation methods). A mean net postcooking loss of
24 percent accounts for losses from cutting, shrinkage, excess fat, bones, scraps, and juices.
These data were obtained from Table 13-5 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997b).
Table L-10. Beef Consumption Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
Adult
farmer
N
38
41
182
EFH Data (g WW/kg-d)
Data
Mean
ND
3.77
1.72
2.63
Data
SDev
ND
3.662
1.044
2.644
P01
0.27
P05
0.663
0.478
0.394
P10
0.753
0.513
0.585
P25
1.32
0.896
0.896
P50
2.11
1.51
1.64
P75
4.43
2.44
3.25
P90
11.4
3.53
5.39
P95
12.5
3.57
7.51
P99
11.3
Distributions
Distribution
Lognormal
Lognormal
Gamma
Lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
3.88
3.88
1.77
2.5
Pop-
Estd
SDev
4.71
4.71
1.12
2.69
N = Number of samples; P01-P99 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L.2.4.8 Fish Consumption. Table L-l 1 presents fish consumption data and
distributions. Fish consumption data were obtained from Table 10-64 of the EFH (U.S. EPA,
1997b). Data (in g/d) were available for freshwater anglers in Maine. The Maine fish
consumption study was one of four recommended freshwater angler studies in the EFH (U.S.
EPA, 1997b). The other recommended fish consumption studies (i.e., Michigan and New York)
had large percentages of anglers who fished from the Great Lakes, which is not consistent with
the modeling scenarios used in this risk analysis. The anglers in the Maine study fished from
streams, rivers, and ponds; these data are more consistent with modeling scenarios for this risk
analysis. Although the Maine data have a lower mean than the Michigan data, the Maine data
L-16
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
compared better with a national USDA study. Also, the Maine study had percentile data
available, which were necessary to develop a distribution.
Percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) and
measures of goodness of fit were used to select lognormal as the most appropriate model. The
fraction of consumed T3 and T4 fish was 0.36 and 0.64, respectively (Table 10-66, U.S. EPA,
1997b).
Table L-ll. Fish Consumption Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
All ages
N
1,053
EFH Data (g/d)
Data
Mean
6.4
Data
SDev
P50
2
P66
4
P75
5.8
P90
13
P95
26
Distributions
Distribution
Lognormal
Pop-Estd
Mean
6.48
Pop-Estd
SDev
19.9
N = Number of samples; P50-P95 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L.2.4.9 Drinking Water Intake. Table L-12 presents drinking water intake data and
distributions. Drinking water intake data were obtained from Table 3-6 of the EFH (U.S. EPA,
1997a). Data (in mL/d) were presented by age groups. Weighted averages of percentiles,
means, and standard deviations were calculated for the three child age groups and adults.
Table L-12. Drinking Water Intake Data and Distributions
EFH Data (mL/d)
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
20+
N
3,200
2,405
5,801
13,394
Data
Mean
697.1
787
963.2
1,384
Data
SDev
401.5
417
560.6
721.6
P01
51.62
68
65.15
207.6
P05
187.6
241
241.4
457.5
P10
273.5
318
353.8
607.3
P25
419.2
484
574.4
899.6
P50
616.5
731
868.5
1,275
P75
900.8
1,016
1,247
1,741
P90
1,236
1,338
1,694
2,260
P95
1,473
1,556
2,033
2,682
P99
1,917
1,998
2,693
3,737
Distribution
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Gamma
Pop-
Estd
Mean
698
787
965
1,383
Pop-
Estd
SDev
406
430
574
703
Distributions
N = Number of samples; P01-P99 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
Percentile data were used to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using
maximum likelihood estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to select the most
appropriate model.
L.2.4.10 Shower Parameters. Table L-13 presents shower parameters and
distributions. Percentile data for time spent taking a shower, time spent in the shower stall after
showering, and time spent in the bathroom immediately following a shower were provided in
EFH Tables 15-21, 15-23, and 15-32, respectively (U.S. EPA, 1997c). Percentile data were used
to fit parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using maximum likelihood
L-17
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
estimation. Measures of goodness of fit were used to select the most appropriate model for each
variable. Fixed shower model parameters are presented in Table L-14.
Table L-13. Shower Parameters and Distributions
EFH Data (minutes)
Parameter
Time spent
showering
Time spent in
shower stall after
showering
Time spent in
bathroom after
shower
Age
Cohort
all ages
all ages
all ages
N
3,547
3,533
4,182
P02
4
P10
5
1
1
P25
10
3
4
P50
15
5
5
P75
20
10
15
P90
30
20
20
P95
35
30
30
P98
50
40
40
P99
60
50
60
Distribution
gamma
Weibull
Weibull
Pop-
Estd
Shape
2.83
0.96
0.98
Pop-
Estd
Scale
5.89
8.36
9.75
Distributions
N = number of samples; P02-P99 = percentiles; Pop-Estd = population-estimated.
Table L-14. Fixed Shower Parameters
Description
Diameter of shower water drop
Terminal velocity of water drop
Height of shower head
Volumetric exchange rate between the
bathroom and the house
Volumetric exchange rate between the
shower and the bathroom
Rate of water flow from shower head
Volume of the bathroom
Volume of shower
Value
0.098
400
1.8
300
100
10
10
2
Units
cm
cm/s
m
L/min
L/min
L/min
m3
m3
Source
RTI-derived value
RTI-derived value
Little (1992)
RTI-derived value based
(1987) data
RTI-derived value based
(1987) data
RTI-derived value based
data
on McKone
on McKone
on Little (1992)
McKone (1987)
McKone (1987)
L.2.4.11 Body Weight. Table L-l5 presents body weight data and distributions. Body
weight data were obtained from Tables 7-2 through 7-7 of the EFH (U.S. EPA, 1997a). Data (in
kg) were presented by age and gender. Weighted averages of percentiles, means, and standard
deviations were calculated for 1- to 5-year-olds, 6- to 11-year-olds, 12- to 19-year-olds, and
adult age groups; male and female data were weighted and combined for each age group. These
L-18
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
percentile data were used as the basis for fitting distributions. These data were analyzed to fit
parametric models (gamma, lognormal, and Weibull) using maximum likelihood estimation.
Measures of goodness of fit were used to select the most appropriate model.
Table L-15. Body Weight Data and Distributions
Age
Cohort
1-5
6-11
12-19
20+
N
3,762
1,725
2,615
12,504
EFH Data (kg)
Data
Mean
15.52
30.84
58.45
71.41
Data
SDev
3.719
9.561
13.64
15.45
P05
12.5
22.79
43.84
52.86
P10
13.1
24.05
46.52
55.98
P15
13.45
25.07
48.31
58.21
P25
14.03
26.44
50.94
61.69
P50
15.26
29.58
56.77
69.26
P75
16.67
33.44
63.57
78.49
P85
17.58
36.82
68.09
84.92
P90
18.32
39.66
71.98
89.75
P95
19.45
43.5
79.52
97.64
Distributions
Distribution
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Lognormal
Pop-
Estd
Mean
15.5
30.7
58.2
71.2
Pop-
Estd
SDev
2.05
5.96
10.2
13.3
N = Number of samples; P05-P95 = Percentiles; Pop-Estd = Population-estimated; SDev = Standard deviation.
L.2.4.12 Exposure Duration. Table L-16 presents exposure duration data and
distributions. Exposure duration was assumed to be equivalent to the average residence time for
each receptor. Exposure durations for adult and child residents were determined using data on
residential occupancy from the EFH, Table 15-168 (U.S. EPA, 1997c). The data represent the
total time a person is expected to live at a single location, based on age. The table presented
male and female data combined. Adult resident aged 21 to 90 were pooled. For children, the 3-
year-old age group was used to represent 1- to 5-year-olds.
In an analysis of residential occupancy data, Myers et al. (U.S. EPA, 2000) found that the
data, for most ages, were best fit by a Weibull distribution. The Weibull distribution as
implemented in Crystal Ball® is characterized by three parameters: location, shape, and scale.
Location is the minimum value and, in this case, was presumed to be 0. Shape and scale were
determined by fitting a Weibull distribution to the pooled data, as follows. To pool residential
occupancy data for the age cohorts, an arithmetic mean of data means was calculated for each
age group. Then, assuming a Weibull distribution, the variance within each age group (e.g., 3-
year-olds) was calculated in the age cohort. These variances in turn were pooled over the age
cohort using equal weights. This is not the usual type of pooled variance, which would exclude
the variation in the group means. However, this way the overall variance reflected the variance
of means within the age groups (e.g., within the 3-year-old age group). The standard deviation
was estimated as the square root of the variance. The coefficient of variation was calculated as
the ratio of the standard deviation divided by the Weibull mean. For each cohort, the population-
estimated parameter uncertainty information (e.g., shape and scale) was calculated based on a
Weibull distribution, the calculated data mean for the age cohort, and the CV.
Exposure duration for adult farmers was determined using data on residential occupancy
from the EFH, Tables 15-163 and 15-164 (U.S. EPA, 1997c). The data represent the total time a
person is expected to live at a single location, based on household type. Age-specific data were
L-19
-------
Appendix L
Human Exposure Factors
not provided. For residence duration of farmers (U.S. EPA 1997c, Tables 15-163 and 15-164),
the gamma model was used because it was the best-fitted model in five age groups and was the
second-best-fitted model in two cases (based on data in U.S. EPA 1997c, Tables 15-167 and 15-
168). A population mean of 18.07 years and a population standard deviation of 23.19 years were
calculated for adult farmers.
Table L-16. Exposure Duration Data and Distributions
EFH Data
Distributions
Age
Cohort
Child (1- to 5-yr-olds)
Adult resident
Adult farmer
Data Mean
(yr)
6.5
16.0
18.75
Distribution
Weibull
Weibull
Gamma
Pop-Estd Shape
(yr)a
1.32
1.34
0.607
Pop-Estd Scale
(yr)
7.059
17.38
29.76
Pop-Estd = Population-estimated.
a Distributions used in risk assessment.
L.3 References
Bickel, P.J., and K.A. Doksum. 1977. Mathematical Statistics. San Francisco, CA: Holden-
Bay.
Burmaster, D.E., and K.M. Thompson. 1998. Fitting second-order parametric distributions to
data using maximum likelihood estimation. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
4(2):319-339.
Jennrich, R.I., and R.H. Moore. 1975. Maximum likelihood estimation by nonlinear least
squares. In: Statistical Computing Section Proceedings of American Statistical
Association. American Statistical Association, Alexandria, VA. pp. 57-65.
Jennrich, R.I., and M.L. Ralston. 1979. Fitting nonlinear models to data. Ann Rev Biophys
Bioeng 8:195-238.
Little, J.C. 1992. Applying the two-resistance theory to contaminant volatilization in showers.
Environmental Science and Technology. 26(7): 1341-1349.
McKone, T.E. 1987. Human Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Household Tap
Water; the Indoor Inhalation Pathway. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21(12): 1194 - 1201.
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 1997. 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by
Individuals, CD-ROM. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
Washington, DC.
L-20
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Appendix L Human Exposure Factors
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Super/and.
Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A) (Interim Final). EPA/540/1-
89/002. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1991. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund:
Volume 1 - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based
Preliminary Goals). EPA/540/R-92/003. Interim Draft. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Guidelines for exposure assessment.
Final guidelines. Federal Register 57 FR 22888-22893. Washington, DC. May 29.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997a. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume I,
General Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing
Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997b. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume II,
FoodIngestion Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997c. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume
III, Activity Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing
Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998. Methodology for Assessing Health Risks
Associated with Multiple Pathways of Exposure to Combustor Emissions.
EPA/600/P-98/137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2000. Options for Development of Parametric
Probability Distributions for Exposure Factors. EPA/600/R-00/058. National Center for
Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
July.
L-21
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Appendix M
Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration
Factors Used in the Ecological Screening Analysis
-------
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors
Used in the Ecological Screening Analysis
Ml.O Introduction
Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are used to estimate contaminant concentrations in
food items for the ecological ingestion pathway analysis, as given by Equation M-l. The BAF
values used in the screening analysis are presented in Table M-l.
CdietAj = ConcMediumA x BAFAJ (M-l)
C_diet Aj. = Concentration of chemical A in diet item j (mg/kgWW)
ConcMediumA. = Concentration of chemical A in soil (mg/kg) or surface water
(mg/L)
BAFAj = Soil BAF for chemical A, diet item j [(mg/kgWW) /(mg/kg/soil)]
or
Surface water BAF, diet item j [mg/kgWW/mg/L water]
Aj
or
Concentrations in aquatic food items, such as fish and aquatic plants, are calculated using
biological uptake values identified in EPIWIN. These values are presented in EPIWIN as
bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for fish. BCFs are a measure of chemical accumulation
associated with exposure to the surrounding media only (e.g., surface water), whereas BAFs are
associated primarily with the additive exposure from both ingestion and contact with the
surrounding media. The uptake pathways for the EPIWIN BCFs are not explicit in the EPIWIN
documentation and may in some cases include ingestion (U.S. EPA, 2000). Therefore, for
simplicity, the term "BAF" is used in Equation M-l for the biological uptake in both terrestrial
and aquatic food items and refers to a ratio derived from empirical data.
The BAFs for aquatic food items are the ratio of the concentration in the food item to the
concentration in surface water. These same BAF values are used for aquatic food items in the
ecological analysis and to estimate whole fish concentrations for the human fish ingestion
pathway. The majority of aquatic BAFs were selected from EPIWIN, which executes several
algorithms to estimate BAFs from a chemical's log Kow. For several chemicals, empirical data
were identified in the literature. Data for biouptake into aquatic food items other than fish were
not identified, and the fish BAFs were used for all three types of aquatic food items in the
ecological receptors' diets—fish, sediment invertebrates, and aquatic plants.
M-3
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors
Soil BAFs were used for terrestrial prey items, such as small mammals and soil
invertebrates. BAFs are the ratio of the concentration in the food item to the concentration in
soil and generally reflect uptake through ingestion. BAFs for organic constituents are generally
lacking, and a suitable equation for estimating BAFs was not identified in the literature.
Therefore, a default BAF of 1 was assumed for terrestrial prey items for organics. A discussion
of the sources of BAF values for metal contaminants is presented below.
Many receptors assessed in the ingestion pathway analysis also eat a variety of
terrestrial plant items, such as roots, grains, and forage. Uptake from soil into these food items is
calculated using uptake factors specific to vegetation (Br variables), which are described in
Appendix E of this document. The plant concentrations used in the ecological screening are the
same as those used to estimate human exposure but are converted to a wet weight basis. The
moisture adjustment factors used to convert the plant concentrations are shown in Appendix F.
M2.0 BAFs for Metals
The screening analysis addresses four metal constituents in sewage sludge—barium,
beryllium, manganese, and silver. Three compendia of information were consulted for metal
BAFs for soil:
1. Sample, B.E., JJ. Beauchamp, R.A. Efroymson, G.W. Suter, II, and T.L.
Ashwood. 1998a. Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for
Earthworms. ES/ER/TM-220. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
2. Sample, B.E., JJ. Beauchamp, R.A. Efroymson, and G.W. Suter, II. 1998b.
Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for Small Mammals.
ES/ER/TM-221. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
3. U.S. Army. 2001. Development of Terrestrial Exposure and Bioaccumulation
Information for the Army Risk Assessment Modeling System (ARAMS). Center for
Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, Health Effects Research Program,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
The BAFs for metals used in the analysis were taken from the two Sample et al.
documents (Sample et al., 1998a and 1998b). These documents present median uptake factors
calculated based on empirical data sets. The third document (U.S. Army, 2001) is a collection of
recommended values identified in the literature; the values in this reference for the four sewage
sludge metals were all taken from Sample et al. (1998a and 1998b).
The BAFs used in the screening analysis for worms and other soil invertebrates were
derived from data for earthworms and assume a linear relationship between the concentration in
soil and in food items. Median values were used in all cases. Available BAFs for terrestrial
vertebrates consist of small mammal BAFs. These are median values derived from data for a
variety of small mammals and also assume a linear relationship between concentrations in soil
and concentrations in prey items. Although it has been shown that bioaccumulation in soil
invertebrates and in small mammals is nonlinear, these values are relatively conservative and,
therefore, are considered adequate for a screening analysis.
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation Factors and Bioconcentration Factors
Data for terrestrial prey other than small mammals are generally lacking in the
literature. Therefore, the BAFs for small mammals were also used to estimate concentrations in
the other terrestrial vertebrate prey, including larger omnivorous and herbivorous vertebrates,
small birds, and herpetofauna. There is uncertainty associated with using small mammal BAFs
to estimate concentrations in other terrestrial vertebrates; however, this uncertainty has not been
quantified. Given the lack of available BAF data, this approach was assumed to be reasonable.
The BAFs reported in Sample et al. (1998a and 1998b) are expressed in terms of dry
weight of the prey item. Therefore, they were converted to a wet weight basis using Equation
M-2(U.S. Army, 2001).
Cwet = Cdry X Pdry (M-2)
where
Cwet = w£t weight concentration
Cdiy = dry weight concentration
Pdiy = proportion of dry matter content of food item.
Values for Pdry for worms (16%) and small mammals (32%) were taken from the EPA
Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook (U.S. EPA, 1993).
M-5
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Acetophenone (98-86-2)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 4.70E-01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 4.70E-01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Anthracene (120-12-7)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 5.30E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 5.30E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-6
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Azinphos Methyl (86-50-0)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Barium and Compounds ( 7440-39-3)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
2.60E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
2.60E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
1.80E-02 Sample et al, 1998b
1.80E-02 Sample et al., 1998b
1.80E-02 Sample et al., 1998b
1.80E-02 Sample et al., 1998b
1.80E-02 Sample et al., 1998b
1.46E-02 Sample et al., 1998b
1.46E-02 Sample et al., 1998a
3.20E+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
M-7
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Benzoic Acid (65-85-0)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Beryllium and Compounds ( 7440-41-7)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
4.80E-05 Sample et al, 1998b
4.80E-05 Sample et al., 1998b
4.80E-05 Sample et al., 1998b
4.80E-05 Sample et al., 1998b
4.80E-05 Sample et al., 1998b
7.20E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
7.20E-03 Sample et al., 1998a
1.90E+01 Barrows etal., 1980
1.90E+01 Barrows etal., 1980
M-8
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Biphenyl, 1,1- (92-52-4)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 2.30E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 2.30E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (85-68-7)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 8.80E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 8.80E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-9
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Carbon Bisulfide (75-15-0)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 6.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 6.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Chloroaniline, 4- (106-47-8)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 5.10E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 5.10E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-10
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Chlorobenzene (108-90-7)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.10E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.10E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Chlorobenzilate (510-15-6)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 8.90E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 8.90E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-ll
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Chlorpyrifos (2921-88-2)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Cresol, o- (95-48-7)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
1.30E+03 RED/IRED
1.30E+03 RED/IRED
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
6.30E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
6.30E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-12
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Diazinon (333-41-5)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 5.40E+02 RED/IRED
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 5.40E+02 RED/IRED
(unitless)
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans- (156-60-5)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 8.10E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 8.10E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-13
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Dichloromethane (75-09-2)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 1.80E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 1.80E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Dioxane, 1,4- (123-91-1)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-14
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Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Endrin (72-20-8)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Phenylphosphorothioate (2104-64-5)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
2.00E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
2.00E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
9.60E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
9.60E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-15
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Fluoranthene (206-44-0)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 1.90E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 1.90E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- (319-84-6)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.10E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.10E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-16
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- (319-85-7)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.10E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.10E+02 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Isobutyl Alcohol (78-83-1)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-17
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Manganese (7439-96
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
MIBK ( 108-10-1)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
-5)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
6.56E-03 Sample et al, 1998b
6.56E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
6.56E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
6.56E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
8.64E-03 Sample et al., 1998a
3.20E+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
2.00E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
2.00E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-18
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Naled (300-76-5)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 3.80E-01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 3.80E-01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N- (86-30-6)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 5.10E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 5.10E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-19
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Phenol (108-95-2)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Pyrene (129-00-0)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
2.70E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
2.70E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
1.10E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
1.10E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-20
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Silver and Compounds (7440-22-4)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Sodium Nitrite (7632-00-0)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
1.28E-03 Sample et al, 1998b
1.28E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
1.28E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
1.28E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
1.28E-03 Sample et al., 1998b
3.27E-01 Sample et al., 1998b
3.27E-01 Sample et al., 1998a
O.OOE+00 Barrows etal., 1980
O.OOE+00 Barrows etal., 1980
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
M-21
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Total Nitrate Nitrogen (14797-55-8)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Trichlorofluoromethane (75-69-4)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
3.20E+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
1.80E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
1.80E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-22
-------
Appendix M
Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter
Description
Value Reference
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5- (93-72-1)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5- (93-76-5)
BAF_HerbVert
BAF_OmnVert
BAF_SmBirds
BAF_SmHerp
BAF_SmMammals
BAF_SoilInvert
BAF_ Worms
BCF_Bff
BCF_WaterVeg
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous
vertebrates (unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates
(unitless)
Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless)
Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless)
Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation
(unitless)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
l.OOE+00 Default value
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
3.20E+00 EPIWIN (v3.10)
M-23
-------
Appendix M Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Table M-l. Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration Factors for Ecological Analysis
Parameter Description Value Reference
Trifluralin (1582-09-8)
BAF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 2.60E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 2.60E+03 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
Xylenes (1330-20-7)
B AF_HerbVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for herbivorous 1 .OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
BAF_OmnVert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for omnivorous l.OOE+00 Default value
vertebrates (unitless)
B AF_SmBirds Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small birds 1 .OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmHerp Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small herpetofauna l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SmMammals Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for small mammals l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_SoilInvert Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for soil invertebrates l.OOE+00 Default value
(unitless)
BAF_Worms Soil to tissue bioaccumulation for worms (unitless) l.OOE+00 Default value
BCF_Bff Sediment to biota bioaccumulation (unitless) 5.00E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
BCF_WaterVeg Surface water to aquatic plants bioaccumulation 5.00E+01 EPIWIN (v3.10)
(unitless)
M-24
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
-------
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
Ecological exposure factors are receptor-specific parameters used to estimate exposure
dose for the ingestion pathway. Exposure dose was calculated as a function of ingestion rate,
body weight, and the concentrations in the various diet items. In addition to prey and plant
items, drinking water consumption and soil and sediment ingestion, as a fraction of total diet,
were accounted for (Equation N-l).
DoseA =
X (IRdiet X
DietFraCj)+(Csoil/sedA x IRdiet x Sfrac) + (ConcSWA x IRwater]
BW
(N-l)
Dose
'diet Aj
DietFraCj
CSoil/sed A
Sfrac
ConcSW
BW
Exposure dose for chemical A (mg/kg-d)
Species-specific dietary ingestion rate (kg WW/d)
Concentration of chemical A in diet item j (mg/kg WW);
see Appendix M)
Fraction of diet consisting of item j (unitless).
Concentration of chemical A in soil or sediment (mg/kg)
Fraction of soil or sediment in the diet (unitless)
Concentration of chemical A in surface water (mg/L)
Species-specific water ingestion rate (L/d)
Species-specific average adult body weight (kg).
Tables N-l through N-27 show the exposure parameter data used in the ecological
screening, along with the data sources. Body weights and ingestion rates were taken primarily
from EPA's Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook
(U.S. EPA, 1993) and Sample et al. (1997).
Average adult body weights and adult ingestion
rates were used throughout the assessment.
Species-specific dietary composition data were
taken from a variety of sources, as shown in Table
N-30.
Dietary composition for each receptor was
based on species-specific data on foraging and
feeding behavior and reflected a year-round adult
diet. The receptor diets were constructed to
represent variability in feeding habits. Diet items
are grouped in 17 categories, including different
types of vegetation (e.g., fruits, forage, grain, roots)
Diet Items For Ingestion Exposure
Terrestrial Prey Types
Worms
Other soil invertebrates
Small mammals
Small birds
Small herpetofauna
Herbivorous vertebrates
Omnivorous vertebrates
Aquatic Prey Types
Benthic filter feeders
Trophic level 3 fish
Trophic level 4 fish
Vegetation
Aquatic plants
Exposed fruits
Exposed vegetables
Forage
Roots
Silage
Grains
Other
Soil
Sediment
Surface water
N-3
-------
Appendix N Ecological Exposure Factors
and several categories of prey (e.g., small birds, small mammals, invertebrates, fish; see text
box). For example, the American robin's dietary percentage ranges are as follows (Terres, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes, 1996):
Diet Item Dietary Percentage Range
Soil invertebrates (other than earthworms) 8 to 93
Fruits 7 to 92
Earthworms 15 to 27
Forage 0 to 24
Each receptor's diet was constructed using the midpoints of the dietary percentage
ranges, beginning with the item with highest midpoint value and proceeding through the diet
items until a full diet (100 percent) was accumulated. Thus, the robin's diet would consist of
50.5 percent soil invertebrates and 49.5 percent fruits, based on the following dietary percentage
midpoints:
Diet Item Dietary Percentage Midpoint
Soil invertebrates 50.5
Fruits 49.5
Earthworms 21
Forage 12
The dietary composition used for each receptor species is presented with other ecological
exposure data in Tables N-l through N-29.
N-4
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_3
DF_6
DF_20
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_11
Table N-l. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
Midpoint diet fraction for Small herpetofauna
Table N-2. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
for American Kestrel
Value Reference
0.119 EPA, 1993
0.096 EPA, 1993
0.014 EPA, 1993
0.01 EPA, 1993
0.38 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.255 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.11 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.255 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
for American Robin
Value Reference
0.077 EPA, 1993
0.072 EPA, 1993
0.011 EPA, 1993
0.01 EPA, 1993
0.505 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.495 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-3. Ecological Exposure Factors for American Woodcock
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_1
DF_2
DF_13
Parameter
BW
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Worms
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Table N-4. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Value Reference
0.177 EPA, 1993
0.124 EPA, 1993
0.019 EPA, 1993
0.104 EPA, 1993
0.851 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.090 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.059 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
for Belted Kingfisher
Value Reference
0.147 EPA, 1993
N-5
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_2
DF_8
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for T3 Fish
0.11
0.016
0.059
0.25
0.75
EPA, 1993
EPA, 1993
EPA, 1993
Multiple sources;
Multiple sources;
see Table N-30
see Table N-30
Table N-5. Ecological Exposure Factors for Black Bear
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_8
DF_11
DF 13
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for T3 Fish
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Value Reference
128.9 Schafer and Sargent,
24.33 Schafer and Sargent,
7.848 Schafer and Sargent,
0.028 Schafer and Sargent,
0.4 Multiple sources; see
0.025 Multiple sources; see
0.4 Multiple sources; see
0.175 Multiple sources; see
1990
1990
1990
1990
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-6. Ecological Exposure Factors for Canada Goose
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_13
DF 14
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
Value Reference
2.997 EPA, 1993
0.782 EPA, 1993
0.123 EPA, 1993
0.082 EPA, 1993
0.6 Multiple sources; see
0.4 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-7. Ecological Exposure Factors for Coopers Hawk
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Value Reference
0.405 Sample et al., 1997
0.213 Sample et al., 1997
0.032 Sample et al., 1997
0.01 Sample et al., 1997
N-6
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
DF_3
DF 6
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
0.43 Multiple sources; see
0.57 Multiple sources; see
Table N-
Table N-
30
30
Table N-8. Ecological Exposure Factors for Coyote
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_3
DF_4
DF_5
DF_6
DF_11
DF 20
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Herbivorous
vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Omnivorous vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Midpoint diet fraction for Small herpetofauna
Value Reference
13.13 Sample et al., 1997
3.722 Sample et al., 1997
1.005 Sample et al., 1997
0.028 Sample et al., 1997
0.056 Multiple sources; see
0.4 Multiple sources; see
0.103 Multiple sources; see
0.103 Multiple sources; see
0.159 Multiple sources; see
0.128 Multiple sources; see
0.051 Multiple sources; see
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Table N-9. Ecological Exposure Factors for Deer Mouse
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_2 Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
DF_11 Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
DF_ 13 Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
DF_14 Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
Value Reference
0.02 EPA, 1993
0.018 EPA, 1993
0.003 EPA, 1993
0.02 EPA, 1993
0.325 Multiple sources; see
0.235 Multiple sources; see
0.055 Multiple sources; see
0.385 Multiple sources; see
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
Table N-
30
30
30
30
Table N-10. Ecological Exposure Factors for Eastern Cottontail
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
Value Reference
1.226 EPA, 1993
0.530 EPA, 1993
0.119 EPA, 1993
N-7
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CRfrac_Soil
DF_13
DF 16
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Silage
0.063 EPA, 1993
0.824 Multiple sources; see
0.176 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-ll. Ecological Exposure Factors for Great Blue Heron
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_8
DF 9
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for T3 Fish
Midpoint diet fraction for T4 Fish
Value Reference
2.229 EPA, 1993
0.645 EPA, 1993
0.101 EPA, 1993
0.094 EPA, 1993
0.515 Multiple sources; see
0.485 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-12. Ecological Exposure Factors for Green Heron
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_1
DF_2
DF_3
DF_8
DF_13
DF 20
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Worms
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for T3 Fish
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Small herpetofauna
Value Reference
0.226 Sample et al., 1997
0.145 Sample et al., 1997
0.022 Sample et al., 1997
0.094 Sample et al., 1997
0.106 Multiple sources; see
0.126 Multiple sources; see
0.025 Multiple sources; see
0.657 Multiple sources; see
0.015 Multiple sources; see
0.056 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-13. Ecological Exposure Factors for Least Weasel
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Value Reference
0.041 Sample et al., 1997
0.032 Sample et al., 1997
0.006 Sample et al., 1997
0.01 Sample et al., 1997
N-8
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
DF_2
DF_3
DF 6
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
0.059 Multiple sources; see
0.882 Multiple sources; see
0.059 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-14. Ecological Exposure Factors for Little Brown Bat
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_2 Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_1
DF_2
DF_3
DF_4
DF_5
DF 6
Value Reference
0.009 Sample et al., 1997
0.009 Sample et al., 1997
0.001 Sample et al., 1997
0 Sample et al., 1997
1 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-15. Ecological Exposure Factors for Long-Tailed Weasel
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Worms
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Herbivorous
vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Omnivorous vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
Value Reference
0.189 Sample et al., 1997
0.114 Sample et al., 1997
0.022 Sample et al., 1997
0.028 Sample et al., 1997
0.052 Multiple sources; see
0.052 Multiple sources; see
0.503 Multiple sources; see
0.131 Multiple sources; see
0.131 Multiple sources; see
0.131 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-16. Ecological Exposure Factors for Mallard Duck
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Sed Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_2 Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Value Reference
1.170 EPA, 1993
0.424 EPA, 1993
0.066 EPA, 1993
0.033 EPA, 1993
0.25 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
N-9
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
DF_14
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_13
DF_14
DF_15
Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
Table N-17. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
Midpoint diet fraction for Roots
0.75 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
for Meadow Vole
Value Reference
0.021 EPA, 1993
0.019 EPA, 1993
0.003 EPA, 1993
0.024 EPA, 1993
0.75 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.075 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 175 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-18. Ecological Exposure Factors for Mink
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_2
DF_8
DF_9
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for T3 Fish
Midpoint diet fraction for T4 Fish
Value Reference
0.992 EPA, 1993
0.446 EPA, 1993
0.098 EPA, 1993
0.094 EPA, 1993
0. 1 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.45 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.45 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-19. Ecological Exposure Factors for Muskrat
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_7
DF_13
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Benthic filter feeders
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Value Reference
0.873 EPA, 1993
0.401 EPA, 1993
0.088 EPA, 1993
0.033 EPA, 1993
0.07 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.415 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-20. Ecological Exposure Factors for Northern Bobwhite
Parameter
BW
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Value Reference
0.191 EPA, 1993
N-10
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_11
DF_13
DF_14
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
0.130 EPA, 1993
0.019 EPA, 1993
0.093 EPA, 1993
0. 181 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 126 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 126 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.568 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-21. Ecological Exposure Factors for Prairie Vole
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_11
DF_13
DF_15
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Sed
DF_2
DF_11
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Midpoint diet fraction for Roots
Table N-22. Ecological Exposure
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Value Reference
0.042 EPA, 1993
0.033 EPA, 1993
0.006 EPA, 1993
0.024 EPA, 1993
0.075 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.75 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 175 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Factors for Raccoon
Value Reference
5.691 EPA, 1993
1.873 EPA, 1993
0.474 EPA, 1993
Sediment fraction as a receptor consumption rate 0.094 EPA, 1993
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Table N-23. Ecological Exposure
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
0.445 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.555 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Factors for Red Fox
Value Reference
4.532 EPA, 1993
1.553 EPA, 1993
0.386 EPA, 1993
N-ll
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CRfrac_Soil
DF_3
DF_6
DF_11
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_3
DF_4
DF_5
DF_6
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Table N-24. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Herbivorous
vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Omnivorous vertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
0.028 EPA, 1993
0.51 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 19 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.3 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
for Red-Tailed Hawk
Value Reference
1.131 EPA, 1993
0.415 EPA, 1993
0.064 EPA, 1993
0.01 EPA, 1993
0. 125 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.5 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 125 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 125 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0. 125 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
Table N-25. Ecological Exposure Factors for Short-Tailed Shrew
Parameter
BW
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_1
DF_2
DF_3
DF_11
DF_12
Parameter
BW
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Worms
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed vegetables
Table N-26. Ecological Exposure Factors
Description
Body weight (Kg)
Value Reference
0.015 EPA, 1993
0.014 EPA, 1993
0.004 EPA, 1993
0.01 EPA, 1993
0.417 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.333 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.056 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.056 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.139 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
for Short Tail Weasel
Value Reference
0.202 Sample et al., 1997
N-12
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CR_Food
CR_Water
CRfrac_Soil
DF_2
DF_3
DF_6
DF 20
Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
Water consumption rate (L/day)
Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
Midpoint diet fraction for Small mammals
Midpoint diet fraction for Small birds
Midpoint diet fraction for Small herpetofauna
0.120 Sample et al, 1997
0.023 Sample et al., 1997
0.028 Sample et al., 1997
0.125 Multiple sources; see
0.65 Multiple sources; see
0.125 Multiple sources; see
0.1 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-27. Ecological Exposure Factors for Tree Swallow
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_2 Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
DF_11 Midpoint diet fraction for Exposed fruits
DF_ 13 Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
Value Reference
0.021 Sample et al., 1997
0.031 Sample et al., 1997
0.004 Sample et al., 1997
0.01 Sample et al., 1997
0.719 Multiple sources; see
0.140 Multiple sources; see
0.140 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-28. Ecological Exposure Factors for Western Meadowlark
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_2 Midpoint diet fraction for Other invertebrates
DF_14 Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
Value Reference
0.106 Sample et al., 1997
0.089 Sample et al., 1997
0.013 Sample et al., 1997
0 Sample et al., 1997
0.857 Multiple sources; see
0.143 Multiple sources; see
Table N-30
Table N-30
Table N-29. Ecological Exposure Factors for White-Tailed Deer
Parameter Description
BW Body weight (Kg)
CR_Food Food consumption rate (Kg/day)
CR_Water Water consumption rate (L/day)
Value Reference
69.42 Smith, 1991
14.63 Smith, 1991
4.497 Smith, 1991
N-13
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
CRfrac_Soil Soil fraction as a receptor consumption rate
(unitless)
DF_ 13 Midpoint diet fraction for Forage
DF_14 Midpoint diet fraction for Grains
0.068 Smith, 1991
0.75 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
0.25 Multiple sources; see Table N-30
N-14
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
Table N-30. Sources for Dietary Composition Data
Species
American kestrel
American robin
American woodcock
Belted kingfisher
Black bear
Canada goose
Cooper's hawk
Coyote
Deer mouse
Eastern cottontail rabbit
Great blue heron
Green heron
Least weasel
Little brown bat
Long-tailed weasel
Mallard
Meadow vole
Mink
Muskrat
Scientific Name
Falco sparverius
Turdus migratorius
Scolopax minor
Ceryle alcyon
Ursus americanus
Branta canadensis
Accipiter cooperi
Canis la trans
Peromyscus maniculatus
Sylvilagus floridanus
Ardea herodias
Butorides virescens
Mustela nivalis
Myotis lucifugus
Mustela frenata
Anas platyrhynchos
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Mustela vison
Ondatra zibethicus
References
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Lane and Fischer,
1997; Stokes and Stokes, 1996
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Schaeferand Sargent, 1990; Stokes and Stokes,
1986; Whitaker, 1997
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Niering, 1985; Stokes
and Stokes, 1996
Terres, 1980; Sample et al., 1997; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Bekoff, 1977; Sample etal, 1997; Whitaker, 1997;
Stokes and Stokes, 1986
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1986
Stokes and Stokes, 1986; Chapman et al., 1980;
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996; Niering, 1985
Terres, 1980; Sample et al., 1997; Stokes and Stokes,
1996; Niering, 1985
Whitaker, 1997; Stokes and Stokes, 1986; Sample et
al., 1997
Whitaker, 1997; Sample etal., 1997.
Suttonand Sutton, 1985; Sample etal., 1997; Stokes
and Stokes, 1996
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996; Niering, 1985
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1986
Niering, 1985; U.S. EPA, 1993; Whitaker, 1997;
Stokes and Stokes, 1986
Niering, 1985; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1986; Willneretal., 1980; Whitaker, 1997
(continued)
N-15
-------
Appendix N
Ecological Exposure Factors
Table N-30. (continued)
Species
Northern bobwhite
Prairie vole
Raccoon
Red fox
Red-tailed hawk
Short-tailed shrew
Short-tailed weasel
Tree swallow
Western meadowlark
White-tailed deer
Scientific Name
Colinus virginianus
Microtus ochrogaster
Procyon lotor
Vulpes vulpes
Buteojamaicensis
Blarina brevicauda
Mustela erminea
Tachycineta bicolor
Sturnella neglecta
Odocoileus virginianus
References
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993
Lotze and Andersen, 1979; U.S. EPA, 1993;
Whitaker, 1997; Stokes and Stokes, 1986
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1986
Terres, 1980; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Whitaker, 1997; U.S. EPA, 1993; Stokes and Stokes,
1986
King, 1983; Sample etal., 1997; Whitaker, 1997
Terres, 1980; Sample et al., 1997; Stokes and Stokes,
1996
Terres, 1980; Sample etal., 1997;
Stokes and Stokes, 1996
Whitaker, 1997; Stokes and Stokes, 1986; Smith,
1991
References
Bekoff, M. 1977. Canis latrans. Mammalian Species 79:1-9.
Chapman, J.A., GJ. Hockman, and M.M. Ojeda. 1980. Sylvilagus floridanus. Mammalian
Species 136:1-8.
King, C.M. 1983. Mustela erminea. Mammalian Species 195:1-8.
Lane, J. J., and R. A. Fischer. 1997. Species Profile: Southeastern American Kestrel (Falco
sparverius paulus^ on Military Installations in the Southeastern United States. Technical
Report SERDP-97-4. Prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program, Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, MS. August.
Lotze, J.H., and S. Anderson. 1979. Procyon lotor. Mammalian Species 119:1-8.
Niering, W.A. 1985. Wetlands: The Audubon Society Nature Guides. New York: Alfred A.
Knopf.
N-16
-------
Appendix N Ecological Exposure Factors
Sample, B.E., M.S. Aplin, R.A. Efroymson, G.W. Suter, II, and C.J.E. Welsh. 1997. Methods
and Tools for Estimation of the Exposure of Terrestrial Wildlife to Contaminants.
ORNL/TM-13391. Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental
Policy and Assistance. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
October.
Schaefer, J., and M. Sargent. 1990. The Florida Black Bear: A Threatened Species.
SS-WIS-25. Prepared by University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
Gainesville, FL. December.
Smith, W.P. 1991. Odocoileus virginianus. Mammalian Species 388:1-13.
Stokes, D.W, and L.Q. Stokes. 1996. Stokes Field Guide to Birds. 1st edition. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company.
Stokes, D.W., and L.Q. Stokes. 1986. A Guide to Animal Tracking and Behavior. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company.
Sutton, A., and M. Sutton. 1985. Eastern Forests: The Audubon Society Nature Guides. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Terres, J.K. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf.
U. S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook.
Volumes I and II. EPA/600/R-93/187. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
and Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. December.
Whitaker, J. O., Jr. 1997. National A udubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals.
2nd Edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Willner, G.R., G.A. Feldhamer, E.E. Zucker, and J.A. Chapman. 1980. Ondatra zibethicus.
Mammalian Species 141:1-8.
N-17
-------
Appendix O
Human Health-Based
Chemical Selection Process
December 19, 2003
Office of Water
Office of Science and Technology
-------
CONTENTS
Abbreviations
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OCCURRENCE INFORMATION
3. HUMAN HEALTH BENCHMARKS
4. CHEMICAL SELECTION PROCESS
4.1 Availability of Human Health Benchmarks and Occurrence Information
4.2 Is the Chemical Already Regulated in Round One?
4.3 Chemicals Evaluated and Determined not to be Hazardous in Sewage Sludge
4.4 Identifying Chemicals with Concentration Values in U.S. Sewage Sludge
4.5 Identifying Chemicals Occurring in U.S. Sewage Sludge and with IRIS or OPP
Chronic Human Health Benchmarkss
4.6 Is an IRIS or OPP Assessment Ongoing?
4.7 Candidate Chemicals for Exposure and Hazard Screening Analysis
5. QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION ON HUMAN HEALTH BENCHMARKS
5.1 Oral Human Health Benchmarks
5.2 Inhalation Human Health B enchmarks
6. PRIORITIZATION OF CHEMICALS WITH ONGOING ASSESSMENTS FOR
POSSIBLE INCLUSION IN A TARGETED SURVEY
6.1 Theoretical Average Daily Intake
6.2 Comparison of Theoretical Hazard Quotients to Exposure and Hazard Screening
Results
7. REFERENCES
List of Figures
Figure 1. Human Health-Based Chemical Selection Process
List of Tables
Table 1. Candidate chemicals for sewage sludge screening
Table 2. Chemicals reported in sewage sludge and having human health benchmarks from a
variety of data sources
Table 3. Chemicals regulated in Round One
Table 4. Chemicals evaluated and determined not to be hazardous in sewage sludge
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Table 5. Chemicals reported in U.S. sewage sludge from literature search or national
sewage sludge survey and having human health benchmarks from a variety of data
sources
Table 6. Identifying availability of IRIS or OPP human health benchmarks for chemicals
occurring in U.S. sewage sludge
Table 7. Chemicals occurring in U.S. sewage sludge and having IRIS or OPP human health
benchmarks
Table 8. Chemicals occurring in U.S. sewage sludge with ongoing health assessments and
existing IRIS or OPP human health benchmarks
Table 9. Candidate chemicals for exposure and hazard screening
Table 10. A. Oral human health benchmarks for candidate chemicals for exposure and hazard
screening
Table 10.B. Inhalation human health benchmarks for candidate chemicals for exposure and
hazard screening
Table 11 Prioritization of chemicals with ongoing health assessments and IRIS or OPP oral
human health benchmarks
Table 12 Theoretical hazard quotients for chemicals which qualified for exposure and hazard
screening
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Abbreviations
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AUR Air unit risk
Cal EPA California Environmental Protection Agency
CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
CC Critical concentration
CWA Clean Water Act
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FQPA Food Quality Protection Act
FY Fiscal year
FEAST Health effects assessment summary tables
HHB Human health benchmark
HQ Hazard quotient
IRED Interim reregistration eligibility decision
IRIS Integrated Risk Information System
MRL Minimal risk level
NRC National Research Council
NSSS National sewage sludge survey
NTP National Toxicology Program
OCD Oral critical dose
OPP Office of Pesticide Programs
OSF Oral slope factor
OW Office of Water
PAD Population adjusted dose
PPRTV Provisional peer reviewed toxicity values
RED Reregistration eligibility decision
RfC Reference concentration
RED Reference dose
TADI Theoretical average daily intake
THQ Theoretical hazard quotient
UL Tolerable upper intake level
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1. INTRODUCTION
Under the Clean Water Act, the U.S. EPA must periodically review sewage sludge regulations for
the purpose of identifying additional toxic pollutants for potential regulations. Section
405(d)(2)(C) of the CWA states:
"(C) Review. - From time to time, but not less often than every 2 years, the Administrator
shall review the regulations promulgated under this paragraph for the purpose of
identifying additional toxic pollutants and promulgating regulations for such pollutants
consistent with the requirements of this paragraph."
As part of fulfilling this statutory requirement, EPA developed a screening process to identify
chemicals in sewage sludge that qualify for exposure and hazard screening, and could qualify for
further risk characterization and potential future regulatory action. The flowchart for the entire
screening process is depicted in Figure 1 and a description of this screening process follows.
2. OCCURRENCE INFORMATION
EPA conducted an extensive literature search to obtain publicly available information on
chemicals that may occur in sewage sludge, both at the national and international level. The
literature search covered the period 1990-2002 and identified a substantial number of chemicals
that were analyzed for in sewage sludge from 25 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Jordan,
the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United
Kingdom and the USA). In addition, more than 400 chemicals were monitored in the 1989
National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS) (EPA, 1996; 1990). These were combined with the
chemicals identified in the literature search, resulting in a total of 803 candidate chemicals for the
screening analysis. These chemicals are listed in Table 1 and include the "classical" pollutants, as
well as a number of emerging chemical categories such as pharmaceuticals, brominated flame
retardants, and personal-care products, which have recently been identified in sewage sludge.
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated
biphenyls ("dioxins") are not listed in Table 1 since these are the subject of another Agency
review (EPA, 2003a).
Frequency of detection is indicated in Table 1 for the NSSS in three broad categories: not
detected, detected in 1% of the samples analyzed, or detected in greater than 1% of the samples
analyzed (EPA, 1996; 1990). Only qualitative information ("yes" or "no") is presented in Table 1
for those chemicals found in sewage sludge based on the national and international literature
search.
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Figure 1. Human Health-Based Chemical Selection Process
(Number of chemicals)
Chemicals reported in sewage sludge &
having HHB from a variety of sources
(232)
Is the chemical already regulated
in Round One?
No (223)
Was the chemical previously evaluated &
determined not to be a hazard?
No (208)
Were measured concentrations in US sludge
reported in the NSSS or in the literature
search?
Yes (79)
Is a HHB available from a
final IRIS or OPP assessment?
Yes (61)
Is an IRIS or OPP assessment ongoing ?
No (40)
Candidate chemicals for exposure and hazard
screening (40)
Yes
Candidate chemicals for sewage sludge
screening (803)
No further evaluation at this time
(9)
No further evaluation at this time
05)
No further evaluation at this time
(129)
No further evaluation at this time
(18)
Prioritize for possible inclusion
in a targeted survey (21)
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3. HUMAN HEALTH BENCHMARKS
Table 1 indicates whether or not human health benchmarks (HHBs) are available for the 803
chemicals. HHBs used at this step were from any of the following data sources:
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Health assessments by IRIS undergo internal
(EPA) and external peer reviews and are available on IRIS website at:
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.htm. IRIS assessments may include oral reference
doses (RfD) and inhalation reference concentrations (RfC) for chronic noncarcinogenic
health effects, and oral slope factors (OSF) and inhalation air unit risks (AUR) for
carcinogenic effects.
• Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) or Interim
Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) available on OPP website at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/rereg/status.cfm?show=rereg. OPP establishes RfDs for
chronic and acute oral exposures, acute and chronic Population Adjusted Doses (PAD)
which take into account the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) safety factor for the
protection of infants and children, and oral cancer slope factors. During the review of the
toxicity data and the dose-response assessment, the pesticide being evaluated undergoes
review by several in-house peer review committees. Public comments are also received on
the health assessments.
• Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST). The HEAST is a database of
human health toxicity values developed for chemicals of interest to Superfund, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the EPA in general. Most of the toxicity
values in the HEAST are "provisional." HEAST is not available on the Internet.
• EPA's Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental
Assessment Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTV). PPRTVs are
developed for the EPA Superfund Program to provide time-critical information for
chemicals that lack toxicity values on IRIS or HEAST. PPRTVs are not available on the
Internet.
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs)
for non-neoplastic endpoints. ATSDR derives MRLs for acute, intermediate, and chronic
exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. Cancer risk
estimates from oral or inhalation exposures are not quantified. MRLs are available in
ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.htmW-A-.
California Environmental Protection Agency toxicity values address both cancer and
noncancer effects. Cal EPA toxicity values are listed at:
http: www. oehha. ca. gov/risk/chemicalDB//index. asp.
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4. CHEMICAL SELECTION PROCESS
A series of screening criteria was applied to the master Table 1 of 803 chemicals. Chemicals
failing successive screening steps were eliminated from further consideration. Each of these
screening steps is described below (see also Figure 1).
4.1 Availability of Human Health Benchmarks and Occurrence Information
Chemicals with no human health benchmarks from any of the data sources described in Section 3
(IRIS, OPP, PPRTV, HEAST, ATSDR, Cal EPA) were removed from consideration since further
hazard screening is not possible in the absence of HHBs. In addition, if a chemical was monitored
but not detected in the NSSS ("A" in that column in Table 1) and not reported in the national and
international literature search ("no" in that column in Table 1), the chemical was deleted from
further consideration, because it appears not to be present in sewage sludge and therefore does not
constitute a health hazard.
Applying these two screening criteria to chemicals listed in Table 1 resulted in the elimination of
571 chemicals. The remaining 232 chemicals are listed in Table 2.
4.2 Is the Chemical Already Regulated in Round One?
Nine metals listed in Table 3 were regulated in Round One of the Part 503 sewage sludge
standards. EPA intends to assess the need and appropriate level for a numerical standard for
molybdenum in sewage sludge using the results and conclusions of a Workshop held in 2000
and supplemented with additional data developed since 2000. EPA expects to complete this
assessment in 2005. New IRIS health assessments are ongoing for arsenic, cadmium, copper,
nickel and zinc. These new assessments may influence the HHBs to be used for the exposure and
hazard screening analysis. In addition, EPA plans to include Round One metals in a targeted
survey, using improved analytical techniques, to be initiated in FY 2005. For these reasons, these
nine metals are, for the time being, eliminated from further consideration.
4.3 Chemicals Evaluated and Determined not to be Hazardous in Sewage Sludge
Table 4 lists 15 chemicals that are unlikely to pose a hazard from their presence in sewage sludge.
Calcium and magnesium are essential nutrients. The magnitudes of the tolerable upper intake
levels (ULs) for calcium and magnesium of 2.5 g/day and 0.35 g/day, respectively (IOM, 1999),
indicate unlikely hazards from their presence in sewage sludge. Phthalic anhydride was removed
from consideration because of its extremely rapid degradation in soil for the required sewage
sludge 30-day holding period. Chromium can be present in the environment as chromium III or
the more toxic chromium VI species. In sewage sludge, it is present in the less toxic chromium III
form and is therefore unlikely to present a hazard. The remaining 11 chemicals (aldrin, chlordane,
DDD, DDE, DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, lindane and
toxaphene) are banned or severely restricted pesticides. These organochlorine pesticides were
-------
evaluated in 1992 and were not considered to present a health hazard from their presence in
sewage sludge (EPA, 1992). Indications are that concentrations of these pesticides in sewage
sludge are on the decline in the U.S. In addition, NRC concluded that it seems highly unlikely that
the banned or severely restricted chlorinated pesticides, at their level of occurrence in sewage
sludge, will harm crops or their consumers (NRC, 1996).
Except for lindane, there were no changes in oral human health benchmarks for these banned or
severely restricted pesticides since their evaluation in 1992. OPP's recent health assessment of
lindane has resulted in a chronic population adjusted dose (PAD) of 0.0016 mg/kg/day compared
to the 1988 IRIS RfD of 0.0003 mg/kg/day (EPA, 1988; 2002). Under the 1999 draft revised
guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, OPP concluded that lindane shows suggestive evidence
of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential (EPA, 1999; 2002).
Quantitative cancer assessment of lindane was also not available in the 1988 IRIS file. The new
OPP health assessment of lindane will make it even less likely to be a health hazard in sewage
sludge.
For the above reasons, it is considered not necessary to conduct an exposure screening analysis for
these 15 chemicals.
4.4 Identifying Chemicals with Concentration Values in U.S. Sewage Sludge
Table 5 lists the remaining 208 chemicals not eliminated in the above described previous steps.
These chemicals were reported in sewage sludge, and have human health benchmarks from a
variety of data sources.
It is considered appropriate in this screening exercise to use only concentration values found in
U.S. sewage sludge. The nature and concentration of chemicals in sewage sludge are highly
dependent on national laws and regulations governing the use of chemicals, and operation of
wastewater treatment plants. Pretreatment regulations can vary significantly from country to
country, and as a consequence, the final repository concentration of chemicals in sewage sludge
will also vary significantly from country to country. Wastewater pretreatment regulations, which
became effective in the U.S. in 1978, have dramatically reduced the discharge of industrial wastes
into sewage treatment works and therefore also the concentrations of industrial chemicals in the
resultant biosolids (NRC, 2002). As a result, chemicals found in sewage sludge from other
countries, will not necessarily be found in sewage sludge in the U.S., and vice versa. In addition,
concentration values for chemicals in sewage sludge, for example in Canada, Poland, Spain or the
UK, are highly unlikely to be representative of concentrations found in U.S. sewage sludge. For
these reasons, in this screening step, only those concentration values that have been measured in
U.S. sewage sludge are considered appropriate for estimating exposure of the U.S. population to
chemicals in sewage sludge.
On the basis of availability of concentration data for U.S. sewage sludge, chemicals not detected or
not monitored in the NSSS and with no literature concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge were
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deleted from further consideration giving a list of 79 chemicals qualifying for additional screening
(Table 6).
4.5 Identifying Chemicals Occurring in U.S. Sewage Sludge and with IRIS or OPP
Chronic Human Health Benchmarks
Table 6 also identifies whether or not IRIS or OPP chronic HHBs are available for these 79
chemicals.
Of the health assessment databases described in Section 3, EPA considers that IRIS and OPP
databases are best suited for the Agency's potential regulatory activities: human health benchmarks
developed by IRIS or OPP have received adequate internal and external peer reviews, these
databases are readily available to the public on the Internet, provide detailed explanation of the
scientific basis of the health assessment, and are not likely to change rapidly making any sewage
sludge regulation obsolete before the next two-year review cycle. EPA is therefore using only
IRIS and OPP human health benchmarks in this screening process.
If a pesticide has human health benchmarks from both IRIS and OPP, OPP health assessment of a
pesticide registered for food uses takes precedence over IRIS assessment of the same pesticide.
Of the 79 chemicals listed in Table 6, no IRIS or OPP toxicity values were available for 17
chemicals. Strontium has an IRIS human health benchmark and was not monitored for in the
NSSS but a mean concentration of 230 mg/kg in U.S. sludge was reported in the literature (Raven
and Loeppert, 1997). However, available data on the environmental properties of strontium are
inadequate to conduct exposure screening for this chemical. These 18 chemicals are therefore
deleted from further consideration. The remaining 61 chemicals with final IRIS or OPP chronic
human health benchmarks qualify for additional screening and are listed in Table 7. Table 7 also
indicates whether or not new assessments are ongoing for these chemicals.
4.6 Is an IRIS or OPP Assessment Ongoing?
IRIS and OPP are currently conducting, as of October 1, 2003, a detailed review of recent
scientific information for 20 chemicals (EPA, 2003b, 2003c). In addition, at the request of OW,
the National Research Council is reviewing the lexicological, epidemiological, clinical, and
exposure data on orally ingested fluoride, and potential risks to children. Because the results of
the new health assessments for these 21 chemicals with existing IRIS or OPP HHBs are not yet
available, OW does not believe it appropriate to include these 21 chemicals, listed in Table 8, in the
exposure screening analysis at this time: the completed health assessments could result in
significant changes in the existing toxicity values, making these chemicals of more or less potential
health concerns, and potentially requiring a change in rule-making process. However, OW
recognizes that chemicals of potential health concerns that are undergoing reevaluation may need
to be included in a targeted survey so that concentration values in sewage sludge may be obtained
and used in future reviews or screening activities. As a substitute for the probabilistic exposure
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model used in the exposure screening analysis, a simple estimate of oral exposure was used to
determine which chemicals with ongoing health assessments may be of priority health concern, and
thus could be included, subject to the availability of adequate budgetary resources, in a targeted
survey to be initiated in FY 2005. This prioritization scheme is further described in Section 6
below.
4.7 Candidate Chemicals for Exposure and Hazard Screening Analysis
Table 9 lists 40 chemicals passing all the screening steps and qualifying for exposure and hazard
screening using a probabilistic exposure model. Concentrations of chemicals in U.S. sewage
sludge are needed before the exposure screening can proceed for these 40 chemicals. The
screening concentrations (mg/kg dry weight of sludge) used in this analysis were the higher of the
following values:
• The 95th percentile concentration of the chemical in sewage sludge in the 1989 NSSS, or
The upper concentration values of the chemical measured in U.S. sewage sludge from the
literature search. Upper concentration values varied from a single value to a mean,
maximum or 90th percentile concentrations.
Surprisingly, only a limited number of publications on chemicals in U.S. sewage sludge could be
located, postdating the 1989 NSSS. In addition, when concentration values in U.S. sludge were
available from the literature, the upper reported literature concentrations were lower than those
reported at the 95th percentile level in the NSSS (Kelley, 1997; Raven and Loeppert, 1997; Mata-
Gonzalez et al. 2002; Barker, 2001; Gutenmann et al. 1994). For this reason, only the NSSS 95th
percentile values are used in the exposure screening analysis. Although the available literature data
are too limited to draw any firm conclusions, this perhaps indicates that concentrations of certain
xenobiotic chemicals are on the decline in U.S. sewage sludge.
5. QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION ON HUMAN HEALTH BENCHMARKS
IRIS and OPP human health benchmarks for chronic oral and inhalation exposures, and for
noncancer and cancer endpoints were used in this screening exercise.
5.1 Oral Human Health Benchmarks
Chronic RfDs or chronic PADs were used as the HHBs for oral exposure to threshold chemicals.
The RED is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily
exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an
appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime (EPA, 2003e). The PAD includes an
additional safety factor applied to the RfD of up to ten-fold, if necessary, to account for
uncertainty in data relative to children, a requirement of the 1996 FQPA which places an emphasis
on protecting the health of infants, children, or other sensitive individuals exposed to pesticides
(EPA, 2003f). RfD and PAD are usually expressed in mg per kilogram of body weight per day
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(mg/kg/day).
For carcinogenic chemicals, the oral slope factor (OSF) is an upper bound estimate, approximating
a 95% confidence limit, on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to the chemical. This
estimate is usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mg/kg/day (EPA,
2003e). The dose for a cancer risk level of E-5 (1 in 100,000) was calculated from the OSF.
The oral critical dose (OCD) is the lower of the RfD, PAD and dose corresponding to E-5 cancer
risk. Table 10. A. lists the 40 chemicals together with their 95th percentile concentration from the
NSSS, the various oral HHBs for each chemical, and the OCD used in subsequent exposure
screening.
5.2 Inhalation Human Health Benchmarks
Inhalation RfCs are established for threshold chemicals. The RfC is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a lifetime (EPA, 2003e). RfCs are usually expressed in units of mg/m3.
OPP does not establish RfCs for pesticides since the margin of exposure (MOE) approach is used
for characterization of risk via the inhalation exposure. However, for this exercise, OPP derived
"equivalent" inhalation benchmarks for azinphos methyl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and naled, based on
information contained in the IREDs for these pesticides (OPP, 2003).
For carcinogenic chemicals, the air unit risk (AUR) is the 95% upper bound excess lifetime cancer
risk estimated to result from continuous exposure to the chemical at a concentration of 1 mg/m3 in
air (EPA, 2003e). The air concentration associated with a risk level of E-5 (1 in 100,000) was
calculated from the AUR.
The inhalation critical concentration (CC) is the lower of the RfC and concentration for E-5 cancer
risk. Table 10.B. lists the 40 chemicals together with their 95th percentile concentration from the
NSSS, the oral critical dose determined in Table 10.A, IRIS RfCs or OPP-derived "equivalent"
inhalation benchmarks, IRIS concentration corresponding to E-5 cancer risk, and the CC used in
subsequent exposure screening.
6. PRIORITIZATION OF CHEMICALS WITH ONGOING ASSESSMENTS FOR
POSSIBLE INCLUSION IN A TARGETED SURVEY
As a substitute for the EPA probabilistic exposure model, a simple estimate of exposure is used to
determine which chemicals listed in Table 8 with ongoing health assessments at October 1, 2003,
may be of priority health concern, and thus could be included in the targeted survey, to be initiated
in FY 2005.
6.1 Theoretical Average Daily Intake
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An estimate of "Theoretical Average Daily Intake" (TADI) is made using the exposure scenario of
a 1-3 year old child, one of the most highly exposed population group on a kg body weight basis.
The following assumptions are made:
Child body weight is 13 kg (EPA, 1997a);
Total daily diet consumed by child consists of 0.8 kg food (EPA, 1997b) and 0.3 kg
drinking water (EPA, 2000);
The average concentration (Cavg) in mg/kg of sludge (dry weight basis) of the chemical is
assumed to be entirely translocated to the daily total diet of 1.1 kg.
TADI, mg/kg/day =
TADIs calculated in this manner are based on conservative assumptions and are, in effect,
equivalent to the daily consumption of 1.1 kg of dried sewage sludge containing average
concentration of the chemical under consideration.
A Theoretical Hazard Quotient (THQ) is then derived. The THQ is the ratio of the TADI to the
oral critical dose (OCD), where the OCD, in mg/kg/day, is the lower of the reference dose,
population adjusted dose, or dose for 10"5 cancer risk, i.e.,
THQ = TADI
OCD
The THQs have been calculated for each of the 20 chemicals with ongoing health assessments and
with IRIS or OPP existing oral human health benchmarks. These THQs are given in Table 11 and
are sorted in decreasing order.
6.2 Comparison of Theoretical Hazard Quotients to Exposure and Hazard Screening
Results
Forty chemicals qualified for exposure and hazard screening using the EPA probabilistic exposure
model. Hazard quotients (HQ) have been calculated for these chemicals (EPA, 2003d). The HQ is
the ratio of the estimated exposure derived using the probabilistic model, to the oral critical dose
(OCD), where the OCD, in mg/kg/day, is the lower of the reference dose, population adjusted
dose, or dose corresponding to 10"5 cancer risk. Chemicals "failing" the exposure screen for oral
exposure i.e., with HQ greater than one are barium, 4-chloroaniline, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and
silver (EPA, 2003d). Theoretical hazard quotients (THQs) were also calculated for these 40
chemicals and are listed in Table 12. It can be seen from Table 12 that the six chemicals having
HQ >1 always had THQs equal to or greater than 75 using the TADI approach.
On this basis, a prioritization scale was established for the 20 chemicals with ongoing health
assessments and IRIS or OPP oral human health benchmarks:
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THQ >75: High priority chemicals for inclusion in the targeted survey.
THQ<75: Low priority chemicals
Using this priority scale, chemicals with THQs equal to or greater than 75 are high priority
chemicals of potential health concern and could be included, subject to the availability of adequate
budgetary resources, in the targeted survey to be initiated in FY 2005. These are benzo[a]pyrene,
polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and Aroclors (excluding coplanar PCB congeners already
included in the 2001 dioxins survey), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, thallium, antimony, carbon
tetrachloride and fluoride. Chemicals with THQs less than 75 are considered of low priority and
are not planned to be included in the survey.
Inhalation exposure was not included in this theoretical estimation of exposure since in all cases of
application of the probabilistic exposure model, the inhalation route of exposure was negligible
(EPA, 2003d).
Priority for inclusion or exclusion of chemicals with ongoing health assessments in the planned
survey will be reconsidered if the results of ongoing IRIS, OPP or NRC assessments become
available and indicate a different priority order.
7. REFERENCES
Barker AV. 2001. Evaluation of Compost for Growth of Grass Sod. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant
Anal, 32 (11 and 12), 1841-1860.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. IRIS Summary for Gamma-
Hexachlorocyclohexane (Gamma-HCH). Available at: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0065.htm
EPA. 1990. National Sewage Sludge Survey; Availability of Information and Data, and
Anticipated Impacts on Proposed Regulations; Proposed Rule. Federal Register Vol. 55, No. 218:
47210-47283. Friday, November 9, 1990.
EPA. 1992. Technical Support Document for Land Application of Sewage Sludge. Appendix B.
November 1992. Office of Water. Washington, D.C.
EPA. 1996. Technical Support Document for the Round Two Sewage Sludge Pollutants. EPA-
822-R-96-003. August 1996. Office of Water. Washington, D.C.
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EPA. 1997'a. Exposure Factor Handbook. Volume I - General Factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa.
August 1997. Office of Research and Development. National Center for Environmental
Assessment. Washington, D.C.
EPA. 1997b. Exposure Factor Handbook. Volume II - Food Ingestion Factors. EPA/600/P-
95/002Fb. August 1997. Office of Research and Development. National Center for
Environmental Assessment. Washington, D.C.
EPA. 1999. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Office of Research and Development.
NCEA-F-0644. July 1999 Review Draft. Available at: www.epa.gov/ncea/
EPA. 2000. Estimated Per Capita Water Ingestion in the United States. EPA-822-R-00-008.
Office of Water. Washington, D.C.
EPA. 2002. Office of Pesticide Programs. Pesticide Reregistration Status. Lindane RED
(08/2002) available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrdl/REDs/lindane_red.pdf
EPA. 2003a. Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Decision Not To Regulate
Dioxins in Land-Applied Sewage Sludge; Notice. Federal Register Vol. 68, No. 206: 61083-
61096. Friday, October 24, 2003.
EPA. 2003b. Integrated Risk Information System. Announcement of 2003 Program; Request for
Information and Announcement of Workshop. Federal Registry. Vol. 68, No. 24. Wednesday,
February 5, 2003. pp. 5870-5873.
EPA. 2003c. Office of Pesticide Programs. Candidates for Reregistration Decisions. Available at:
http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrdl/reregistration/candidates.htm.
EPA. 2003d. Technical Background Document for the Sewage Sludge Exposure and Hazard
Assessment. Office of Water. RTI Project No. 08137.001.024.005. Appendix Q.
EPA. 2003e. Integrated Risk Information System. National Center for Environmental
Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. Available online at
http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm#u
EPA. 2003f. Office of Pesticide Programs. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996.
Available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppfeadl/fqpa/
Gutenmann WH, Rutzke M, Kuntz T, Lisk DJ. 1994. Elements and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Sewage Sludge of Large Cities in the United States. Chemosphere, 28 (4): 725-728.
IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1999. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus,
Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. The National Academies Press. Washington, D.C.
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KelleyEF. 1997. Vermont Wastewater Treatment Facilities Biosolids Sampling Project. Final
Report. June 10, 1997. Waterbury, Vermont.
Mata-Gonzalez R, Sosebee RE, Wan C. 2002. Physiological Impacts of Biosolids Application in
Desert Grasses. Environmental and Experimental Biology. 48:139-148.
NRC (National Research Council). 1996. Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop
Production. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2002. Biosolids Applied to Land - Advancing Standards and Practices. National Research
Council of the National Academies. The National Academies Press. Washington, D.C.
OPP. 2003. Office of Pesticide Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Derivation of
"Equivalent" Reference Concentrations for Azinphos Methyl, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Naled.
October 20, 2003. Washington, D.C.
Raven KP, Loeppert RH. 1997. Heavy Metals in the Environment - Trace Elements Composition
of Fertilizers and Soil Amendments. J. Environ. Qual. 26:551-557.
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Table 1: Candidate Chemical for Sewage Sludge Screening
Chemical
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetaminophen
Acetone; 2-Propanone
Acetophenone
Acetyl-l,l,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl tetrahydronaphthalene, 7- ; AHTN
Acetyl-3-isopropyl,l ,1 ,2,6-tetramethylindane, 5-
Acetyl-6-tertbutyl- 1 , 1 -dimethylindane, 4-
Acrolein; Propenal, 2-
Acrylonitrile
Albuteral
Aldrin
Aliphatics
Alkylbenzene sulfonates, linear
Alkylbenzenes, linear; LABs
Alkylphenol diethoxylate
Alkylphenol mono-ethoxylate
Alkylphenol polyethoxylates
Allopurinol
Allyl chloride; Chloropropene, 3-
Allyl Mercaptan
Alum
Aluminum
Aminobiphenyl, 4-
Aminosalicylic acid, 5- ; Mesalazine
Ammonia
Amoxycillin
Amyl mercaptan
Androsterone, cis-
Aniline
Aniline, 2,4,5-trimethyl
Anisidine, o-
Anthracene
CASRN
83329
208968
h...Z5.°.7P...H
103902
67-64-1
98862
21145777
68140487
13171001
107028
107131
18559949
309002
h NA....H
h NA....H
NA
NA
h NA....H
h NA....H
315300
107051
870235
7784249
7429905
h...92.6.7l..H
h...^.5.7.6...H
7664417
26787780
110667
h...2i!.8...H
h...£23...H
137177
90040
120127
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L....JJ2 J
,......"2 J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L n° J
L n° J
L n?. j
L no. .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L. y.Es. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
NA
NA
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .A
......9......
Comments I
. E
-17-
-------
Chemical
Antimony and compounds
Aramite
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1210
Aroclor 1216
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1231
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1240
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1250
Aroclor 1252
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1262
Aroclor 1268
Arsenic and compounds*
Aspirin
Atenolol
Atrazine
Azinphos ethyl
Azinphos methyl
Barium
Benzamide
Benzanthrone
Benzene
Benzenesulfonic acid, linear alkyl derivatives
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzo [a] anthracene
Benzo [a] carbazole
Benzo[a]fluorene; Benzofluorene,! ,2-
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo [b] fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluorene; Benzofluorene, 2,3-
CASRN
7440360
140578
12674112
147601874
151820278
11104282
37234405
11141165
71328897
53469219
12672296
165245512
89577786
11097691
11096825
37324235
11100144
7440-38-2
h 50782 H
29122687
1912249
2642719
86500
7440393
h 5521° H
82053
h 71432 H
42615292
108985
92875
h 56553 H
243287
238846
h 50328 H
205992
243174
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
I......™ J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L no. j
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c
h .A
h A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h. c
NA
NA
, c
NA
NA
NA
, A
, c
, c
NA
h .A
, A
NA
, A
, A
, c
NA
NA
, c
, c
.....A....,
Comments *
. E
E
E
E
-18-
-------
Chemical
Benzo [b] naphtho(2 ,3 -d)furan
Benzo [c] phenanthrene
Benzo[e]pyrene
Benzo [ghi] perylene
Benzo [j ] fluoranthene
Benzo [k] fluoranthene
Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid phenylester
Benzonitrile, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy; Bromoxynil
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Mercaptan
Beryllium
Betaxolol
Bezafibrate
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Biphenyl, 4-nitro
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Bis[(4-anilino-6-morpholino-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-amino]stilbene-2,2'-dis
ulfonate, 4,4'- ; DAS
Bismuth
Bisoprolol
Bisphenol A
Boron
Brominated dibenzofurans
Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins
Bromo-2-chlorobenzene, 1-
Bromo-3-chlorobenzene, 1-
Bromobiphenyl, 3-
Bromobiphenyl, 4-
Bromodichloromethane
Bromodiphenyl ether, 4-
Bromomethane
Butanol, n- ; n-Butyl alcohol
Butyl amine
CASRN
243425
195197
192-97-2
h...1.9.1.2.4.2..H
205823
207089
65-85-0
93992
1689845
100-51-6
100538
7440417
63659187
41859670
h...92.5.24...H
92933
h 111911 H
111444
108601
h 81118 H
7440699
66722449
80057
7440428
NA
h NA H
694804
108372
2113577
92660
h 75274 H
h 101553 H
h 74839 H
h...Zi.3.6.3...H
109739
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
y.e.s.
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ J
I......™ J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L....y.e.s.....j
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. J
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
yes.
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L no. j
L no. j
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yes .
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h. c H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h .B ,
, A
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
NA
, c
NA
NA
h .A
h .A
NA
NA
, A
, A
, A
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
E
E
-19-
-------
Chemical
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butylated hydroxy toluene
Butylphen
Cadmium and compounds*
Caffeine
Calcium
Captafol
Captan
Carazolol
Carbamazepine
Carbaryl
Carbazole
Carbodox
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane
Carbophenothion; Trithion
Cerium
Cesium
Chlordane
Chlordane, cis-
Chlorine
Chloro-2-methyl-phenol, 4-
Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy acetic acid, 4- ; MCPA
Chloro-2-nitroaniline, 4-
Chloro-3-methylphenol, 4- ; p-Chloro-m-cresol; PCMC
Chloro-3-nitrobenzene, 1-
Chloro-6-methyl-phenol, 2-
Chloroacetonitrile
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline
Chloroanilines
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
Chloroethane
Chloroethylvinyl ether, 2-
Chlorofenvinphos
Chloroform
CASRN
85687
128370
98544
7440439
58082
7440-70-2
2425061
133062
57775298
298464
h...632.5.2...H
86748
6804075
h...7.5:!.5:°..H
h...5.6:23.1..H
786196
7440451
7440462
h 57749 H
5103719
7782505
1570645
94746
h...89.6.3.i..H
h...5.L5.°.l..H
h...1.2.1.7.3.3...H
87649
107142
106478
27134265
108907
510156
h 75003 H
110758
470906
67663
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ J
L.....ye.s.....j
I......™ J
L yeS J
I......™ J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L no. j
L yes .
L no. j
L n° J
L no. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L. yes. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA
h. c
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h. c
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
, A
NA
NA
NA
NA
h .A
h .A
h .A
NA
h .A
, c
NA
h. c
, c
, A
, A
, A
,.....?.....,
Comments I
. E
. ?„.„,
. E
E
E
.....E......
-20-
-------
Chemical
Chloronaphthalene, 1-
Chloronaphthalene, 2-
Chlorophenol
Chlorophenol, 2-
Chlorophenol, 4-
Chlorophenylphenyl ether, 4-
Chloroprene; 2-Chloro-l ,3-tmtadiene
Chlorpyrifos
Chlortetracycline
Cholesterol
Chromium and compounds
Chrysene
Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin
Clenbuterol
Clolibric Acid
Cobalt
Codeine
Copper and compounds*
Coprostanol
Coronene
Cotinine
Coumaphos
Cresol, m- ; 3-Methylphenol
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol
Cresol, p- ; 4-Methylphenol
Crotonaldehyde
Crotoxyphos; Ciodrin
Cyanides (soluble salts & complexes)
Cyclophosphamide
Cymene p-
DDD, 4,4'-
DDE, 4,4'-
DDT ; p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Decabromobiphenyl , 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6' -
Decabromodiphenyl ether
CASRN
h...2°.13JL..H
25586430
25167800
h...95.5J.8...H
106489
7005723
126998
2921882
h...5.Z.6.2.5...H
h...5.Z88.5...H
7440-47-3
218019
51481619
85721331
37148279
882097
7440484
h...ZL5.7.3...H
7440508
360689
191071
486566
h...5.L7.2.4...H
108394
h..?.5:l8:Z..H
106445
4170303
7700176
h....NA...H
50180
99-87-6
h 72548 H
h 72559 H
h...5.°.2.9.3...H
13654096
1163195
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
-y.e.S-
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.s.....j
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. J
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L n?. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L no. j
L. yes. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA
h .B H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h. c
h .A
h .A
NA
, c
, A
, B
h. c H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
E(NTP)
. E
. E
E:HCN
.....E......
-21-
-------
Chemical
Decane n-
Dehydronifedipine
Demeton
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate; DEHA
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP
Diallate
Diazinon
Dibenz [a,h] acridine
Dibenz [a,h] anthracene
Dibenz [a j ] acridine
Dibenzo [a,e] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,h] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,i] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,l] pyrene
Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, 7H-
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzothiophene
Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-; DBCP
Dibromobiphenyl
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,2'
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,3-
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,3'-
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,4'-
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,4-
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,5-
Dibromobiphenyl, 2,6-
Dibromobiphenyl, 3,3'-
Dibromobiphenyl, 3,4'
Dibromobiphenyl, 3,4-
Dibromobiphenyl, 3,5-
Dibromobiphenyl, 4,4'-
Dibromochloromethane
Dibromodiphenyl ether, p,p'-
Dibromoethane, 1 ,2-; Ethylene dibromide
Dibromomethane
Dibutyl amine
CASRN
124-18-5
67035227
8065483
103231
117817
2303164
h...3.3.3.t!5...H
226368
h...5.3Z.03...H
224420
192654
189640
189559
191300
194592
132-64-9
132650
96128
27479658
13029099
115245062
49602906
49602917
53592102
57422772
59080329
16400514
57186900
60108727
16372966
92864
124481
2050477
106934
h...Zl9.53...H
111922
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L. P.0. J
L .n.°. j
L. P.0. J
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h .A
h. c H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
, c
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
. E
. E
. E
-22-
-------
Chemical
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4-
Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3-
Dichloro-4-nitroaniline, 2,6-
Dichloro-6-methyl-phenol, 2,4-
Dichloroaniline, 2,3-
Dichloroaniline, 2,4-
Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene, 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-
Dichlorobenzenes, total (mixed isomers)
Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'
Dichloroethane, 1,1-
Dichloroethane, 1 ,2- ; Ethylene dichloride
Dichloroethene, 1,1-
Dichloroethene, 1 ,2-trans-
Dichloroisopropanol, 1,3-
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride
Dichloronitrobenzene, 2,3-
Dichlorophenol, 2,4-
Dichlorophenol, 2,5-
Dichlorophenol, 2,6-
Dichlorophenol, 3,5-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- ; 2,4-D
Dichloropropane, 1,2-
Dichloropropane, 1,3-
Dichloropropene, trans-1,3-
Dichlorvos; DDVP
Dichoropropene, cis-1,3-
Diclofenac sodium
Dicrotophos; Bidrin
Dieldrin
Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4-
Diethyl ether
Diethyl phthalate
Diethylstilbestrol
CASRN
84742
110576
h...2£.3JL..H
99309
1570656
608275
554007
h...2^oi...H
h...5.4.i.73i..H
106467
25321226
91941
h...Z5.3.4.3...H
107062
L..7.5:.3.5:1.H
156-60-5
h 96-23-1 H
75092
3209221
120832
583788
87650
h 591355 H
h...?.47.57...H
h 78875 H
142289
10061026
62737
10061015
15307796
141662
h 6°571 H
1464-53-5
60297
84662
,...565.31..,
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
,......"2 j
,......"2 j
,......"2 j
L....y.e.s.....j
,......"2 j
L....y.e.s.....j
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L....."2 J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L n° J
L.....22 4
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L .n.°. J
L .n.°. J
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yeS J
L n° J
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yes .
L yeS J
L no. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L. yes. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c
h .A
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h. c H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .A
h .A
, B
, A
h. c
h .A
, A
NA
, A
NA
h. c
, A
h .A
, A
, A
, A
NA
, A
, c
, c
, A
, A
.....NA....,
Comments *
. E....
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E....
E
-23-
-------
Chemical
Diethyltoluamide, N,N'-; DEET
Digoxigenin
Digoxin
Diisopropylamine
Diltiazem
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Dimethoate
Dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3'-
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfone
Dimethylamine
Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p-
Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 7,12-
Dimethyldisulfide
Dimethylformamide, N,N'-
Dimethylnaphthalene, 2,6-
Dimethylphenanthrene, 3,6-
Dimethylphenol, 2,4-; Xylenol
Dimethylxanthine, 1,7-
Dinitro-2,6-dimethyl-4-tertbutylacetophenone, 3,5,-
Dinitrobenzene, 1,4-
Dinitrophenol (mixed isomers)
Dinitrophenol, 2,4-
Dinitropyrene, 1,6-
Dinitropyrene, 1,8-
Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-
Di-N-octyl phthalate
Dinonylphenol, 2,4-
Dinoseb
Di-N-propylnitrosamine
Dioxane, 1,4-
Dioxathion
Diphenylamine
Diphenyldisulfide
CASRN
134623
1672464
20830755
108189
42399417
33286225
h...60.5!5...H
119904
h...1.3.1.!!3...H
h...Z51.8.3...H
j...^.1.0..^
124403
j...^.1.1.7..^
h...5.Z.9.7.6...H
624920
68122
581420
1576676
105679
611596
h...8i.14.L.H
100254
25550587
h 51285 H
42397648
42397659
121142
606202
117840
137995
88857
621647
123-91-1
h 78342 H
122394
882337
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L....y.e.s.....j
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L....y.e.s.....j
L....y.e.s.....j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
no
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L .n.°. J
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L no. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L yes .
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .B. ,
h .A
h .?. H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA
, A
NA
, A
, A
NA
h NA___
, A
NA
, A
h NA____H
h NA___
, A
, A
, B
NA
NA
, A
, c
, A
, A
.....A....,
Comments I
. E
-24-
-------
Chemical
Diphenylhydrazine, 1 ,2-
Disulfoton
Ditallowdimethylammonium chloride; DTDMAC
Di-tert-butyl-1 ,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-
Di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-
Docosane n-
Dodecane n-
Dodecylphenols
Dodecyltrimethylammonium salt
Doxycycline
Dysprosium
Eicosane n-
Enalaprilat
Endosulfan
Endosulfan I; alpha-Endosulfan
Endosulfan II; beta-Endosulphan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Endrin ketone
Enrofloxacin
Equilenin
Equilin
Erbium
Erythromycin
Estradiol
Estradiol, IValpha-
Estradiol, IVbeta-
Estrone
Ethanol, 2-(2-(nonylphenoxy)ethoxy)-
Ethanol, 2-butoxy-phosphate
Ethion
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methanesulfonate
CASRN
122667
298044
68783788
719222
128392
629-97-0
112-40-3
27193868
112005
564250
7429916
112-95-8
76420729
115297
959988
33213659
1031078
72208
7421934
53494705
93106606
517099
474862
7440520
114078
h 50271 H
h 57910 H
50282
h 53167 H
27176938
h 78513 H
h 563122 H
107120
h 75081 H
h 97632 H
62500
Reported in
Literature'
I......™ J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
no
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. J
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h .B ,
, c
, A
, c
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
, A
, A
NA
, A
.....A....,
Comments I
E
-25-
-------
Chemical
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox
Ethylamine
Ethylbenzene
Ethylenethiourea
Ethynyl estradiol, IValpha-
Europium
Famphur
Fensulfothion
Fenthion
Ferric chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Flucoxacillim sodium
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Fluoride
Fluoxetine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Gemfibrozil
Germanium
Gliclazide
Gold
Hafnium
Heptabromobiphenyl
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3'A4I,5-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2r2'33'A5,5l-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2'33'A5,6'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2'33'?5,5',6-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,4',5,6'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3 ,4 ,4',6 ,6'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,5,6,6'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,4',5,6-
Heptabromobiphenyl, 2,3',3,4',5,6,6'-
CASRN
2104645
h...Z**7...H
100414
96457
h...5.Z.6.3.6...H
7440531
h...5.2.8.5.7....,
115902
h...5.5.3.8.9...H
7705080
7720787
5250395
206440
h..JE7.37...H
16984488
54910893
7440542
7440553
25812300
7440564
21187984
7440575
7440586
35194786
69278600
82865927
88700043
119264549
67733522
119264550
119264561
84303491
119264572
88700065
79682250
119264583
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,_ — -.ye.8— --.,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L .n.°. j
L n?. j
L no. .
L no. .
L I1.0. j
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L. -n-°. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c H
h NA
h. c
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h .A
h. c
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
E(NRC)
-26-
-------
Chemical
Heptabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8-
Heptabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,4,7,8,9-
Heptabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8-
Heptabromodiphenyl ether
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Heptaoxatricosan-1-ol, 23-(nonylphenoxy)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-
Hexabromobiphenyl
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,4'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,6'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',5,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',5,6'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,4',5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,4',5-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,5,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4',5',6-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4',5,6'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,5',6-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,5,5',6-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5,6'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',6,6'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,4',5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,4',5-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,5,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4',5',6-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5,5'-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5',6-
Hexabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-
Hexabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,4,7,8-
Hexabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,6,7,8-
Hexabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,7,8,9-
Hexabromodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,6,7,8-
Hexabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,4,7,8-
Hexabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,6,7,8-
CASRN
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
68928803
76448
1024573
27177055
36355018
82865892
82865905
119264505
55066767
119264516
67888986
81381524
120991471
69278597
93261837
119264527
119264538
59080409
36402150
59261084
84303479
77607091
120991482
82865916
67888997
84303480
60044260
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,_ — -I?-8- — -.,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
i. n?. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. .n.°. j
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. .n.°. j
i. no. .
i. .n.°. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. .n.°. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
L. -n-°. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
-27-
-------
Chemical
Hexabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,7,8,9-
Hexabromodiphenyl ether
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloronaphthalene
Hexachloropropene
Hexacosane n-
Hexadecane n-
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium salt
Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-g-2-benzopyrane,l,3,4,
6,7,8-
Hexanoic acid-n
Hexanone 2-
Holmium
Hydrogen
Hydrogen sulfide
[buprofen
[fosfamide
[ndeno[l ,2,3-cd]pyrene
[ndium
[ndole
[odine
[odomethane; Methyl iodide
Iridium
Iron
Isobutyl alcohol
Isodrin
Isophorone
Isopropylnaphthalene, 2-
Isosafrole
Ketoprofen
CASRN
h NA....H
36483600
118741
87683
319846
319857
319868
h...ZZ!7.4...H
h...6ZZ.2.L.H
1335871
1888717
630-01-3
544-76-3
112027
1222055
142-62-1
591-78-6
7440600
1333740
7783-06-4
15687271
3778732
193395
7440746
120729
7553562
74884
7439885
7439896
h 78-83-1 H
465736
h 78591 H
2027170
120581
L 22071154
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
I......™ J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L n?. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L no. j
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h. c
h. c
h. c
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h. c
h. c H
NA^,^
h NA
, c
, c
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
, A
NA
NA
NA
, A
NA
, c
, c
, A
, A
, A
h .A H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
.E.....
. E
E
-28-
-------
Chemical
Lanthanum
Lead and compounds*
Leptophos
Levonorgestrel
Lime
Lincomycin
Lindane; gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Linuron
Lithium
Longifolene
Lopamidol
Lopromide
Lutetium
Magnesium
Malachite green
Malathion
Manganese
Mebeverine hydrochloride
Mefenamic acid
Mercury and compounds*
Mestranol
Metformin
Methapyrilene
Methoxychlor
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MH3K; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methansulfonate
Methyl parathion
Methyl pentanone
Methyl- IH-benzotriazole, 5-
Methylamine
Methylbenzothiazole, 2-
CASRN
7439910
7439921
21609905
797637
1305788
h...1.5.4.2.1.2..H
58899
330552
7439932
475207
60166930
73334073
7439943
7439-95-4
569642
h 121755 H
7439965
2753459
61687
Various
h 72333 H
657249
91805
h 72435 H
h 74873 H
h 78-93-3 H
108101
h 74931 H
80626
h 66273 H
298000
63072-44-6
136856
h 74895 H
120752
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
no
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. J
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L no _,
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA
h. c
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h .A
, A
, c
NA
L NA _,
, c
, A
NA
, A
, A
, A
, c
, c
NA
, A
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
.....A....,
Comments I
. ?„.„,
E
Includes
MeHg
E
-29-
-------
Chemical
Methylcholanthrene, 3-
Methylchrysene, 5-
Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'-
Methylene phenanthrene, 4,5-
Methylfluorene, 1-
Methylnaphthalene, 1-
Methylnaphthalene, 2-
Methylphenanthrene, 1-
Methylthio benzothiazole, 2-
Metoprolol
Mevinphos; Phosdrin
Mineral oils
Mirex
Molybdenum and compounds*
Monobromobiphenyl
Monocrotophos
Monuron
Musk xylene
Musks
Nadolol
Naled
Naloxone
Naphthalene
Naphthalenediamine, 1,5-
Naphthoquinone, 1,4-
Naphthoquinone, 2,3-dichloro, 1,4-
Naphthylamine, alpha-
Naphthylamine, beta-
Naproxen
n-Butyl Mercaptan
Neodymium
Nickel and compounds*
Niobium
Nitrate
Nitrite
Nitroaniline, 2-
CASRN
h...5.64.9.5...H
3697243
101144
203-64-5
1730376
90120
h...9i.5.7.6...H
832699
h..6.!5.:2.2.-.5..H
37350586
7786347
8012951
2385855
7439987
26264108
6923224
150685
81152
h NA H
42200339
300765
465656
91203
2243621
h..i3.o-.i5.-.4..H
117806
134327
h 91598 H
22204531
109795
7440008
7440020
7440031
14797558
14797-65-0
88744
Reported in
Literature'
I......™ J
L....y.e.S.....J
,......"2 j
I......™ J
,......"2 j
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ 4
I......™ J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
-y-e-S-
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
no
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
.......yes. .
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L no. j
L no. j
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
^
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L. yes. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h .B ,
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h. c H
h NA
, A
NA
NA
NA
NA
, c
NA
, B
h .A
h .A
, A
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
NA
, c
, c
.....A....,
Comments I
. E
. E
E
-30-
-------
Chemical
Nitroaniline, 3-
Nitroaniline, 4-
Nitrobenzamide, 4-
Nitrobenzene
Nitrochrysene, 6-
Nitrofen (TOK)
Nitrofluorene, 2-
Nitrogen
Nitrogen, organic & inorganic-
Nitro-o-toluidine, 5-
Nitrophenol, 2-
Nitrophenol, 4-
Nitropyrene, 1-
Nitropyrene, 4-
Nitrosamines
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
N-Nitrosodi-N-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylphenylamine
N-nitrosomorpholine; NMOR
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-nonylphenol
Nonabromobiphenyl
Nonabromobiphenyl, 2,2'33'A4I,5,5I,6-
Nonabromobiphenyl, 2,2'33'A4I,5,6,6I-
Nonabromobiphenyl, 2,2'33'A5,5I,6,6I-
Nonabromodiphenyl ether
Nonidet P-40
Nonoxynol 10
Nonylphenol (branched), 4-
Nonylphenol diethoxylate, 4-
Nonylphenol ethoxylates
Nonylphenol monoethoxylate
Nonylphenol, 2-
CASRN
99092
100016
619807
98953
2043937
h NA....H
607578
7727379
14798039
99558
h...^Z.5.5...H
100027
5522430
57835924
35576911
h 55185 H
L..SZ2.™,
924163
86306
10595956
614-00-6
59892
100754
h NA H
27753522
69278622
119264629
119264630
63936561
h NA....H
26027383
84852153
h NA....H
h NA....H
27986363
136834
Reported in
Literature'
I......™ J
,......"2 j
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
,......"2 j
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
-y.e.S-
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
^....^.....J
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L .n.°. J
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
h yeS H
^S-
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L no. j
L n?. j
L no. .
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L I1.0. j
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
, A
, A
, B
, A
, A
, A
, A
NA
NA
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
-31-
-------
Chemical
Nonylphenol, 3-
Nonylphenol, 4-
Nonylphenol, 4-
Nonylphenoxy acetic acid, 4-
Nonylphenoxy-3 ,6,9, 1 2-tetraoxatetradecan- 1 -ol, 14-
Norethisterone, 19-
Norfloxacin
N-Phenylacetamide
Octabromobiphenyl
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,4',6,6'-
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,5',6,6'-
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,3'4,5',6,6'-
Octabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,4',5,6,6'-
Octabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-
Octabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-
Octabromodiphenyl ether
Octachloronaphthalene
Octacosane n-
Octadecane n-
Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
Octylphenol
Octylphenol diethoxylate, 4-
Octylphenol monoethoxylate, 4-
Octylphenol, 4-
Osmium
Oxytetracycline
Palladium
Parathion; Ethyl parathion
Paroxetine metabolite
Pentabromobiphenyl
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,4,6-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',3,5',6-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',6-
CASRN
139844
25154523
104405
3115499
26264028
h...6.8.2.2.4...H
70458967
103844
27858077
67889003
119264594
69887112
59080410
119264607
119264618
h NA____H
h NA____H
32536520
2234131
630-02-4
593-45-3
112038
67554501
h NA____H
h NA____H
1806264
7440042
h...ZL5.7.2...H
7440053
h...5.6..3.8.2...H
h NA____H
56307790
77910044
88700054
81397991
97038976
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,_ — -I?-8- — -.,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
i. .n.°. J
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. n?. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. yes .
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. yes .
i. I1.0. j
i. yes .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
L. -n-°. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
-32-
-------
Chemical
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5,5'-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5',6-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5,6'-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,6,6'-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2',3,4,4',5-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,3,4,4',5-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',6-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,5,5'-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 2,3,4,5,6-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-
Pentabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,5,5'-
Pentabromodibenzofuran, 1 ,2,3,7,8-
Pentabromodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,7,8-
Pentabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1 ,2,3,7,8-
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentachloronaphthalene
Pentachloronitrobenzene; PCNB
Pentachlorophenol
Pentamethyl-4,6-dinitrolindane, 1 ,1 ,3,3,5-
Pentamethylbenzene
Permethrin, cis-
Permethrin, trans-
Perylene
Phantolide
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenazone
Phenol
Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro; Dinitro-o-cresol; DNOC
Phenothiazine
Phenoxymethylpenicyllim
Phenyl ether; Diphenyl ether
Phenyl sulfide
CASRN
67888964
59080396
80274926
97063757
74114775
96551701
67888975
86029643
80407701
38421624
84303468
81902332
h NA....H
h NA....H
h NA....H
32534819
608935
h—ZEH-H
1321648
82688
87865
116665
700129
54774457
51877748
198550
15323350
62442
85018
60800
108952
h 534521 H
92842
87081
101-84-8
139662
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
h.....n2 H
-y-e-S-
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L .n.°. J
L .n.°. j
L no. j
L no. .
L .n.°. j
L no. .
L .n.°. j
L no. .
L no. .
L .n.°. j
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L no. .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L no. j
L yeS J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA
h. c
h .A H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h. c
NA
, c
, A
h .A H
>....NA....H
, A
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
. E
. E
-33-
-------
Chemical
Phenylnaphthalene, 1-
Phenylnaphthalene, 2-
Phorate
Phosmet
Phosphamidon
Phosphoric acid, tri-o-tolyl ester
Phosphoric, triamide, hexamethyl
Phthalates
Phthalic anhydride
Phytane
Picoline, 2-
Platinum
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs
Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether
Polyethylene glycols
Potassium
Potassium oxide
Praseodymium
Pristane
Progesterone
Pronamide
Propanil
Propen-1-ol, 2- ; Allyl alcohol
Propenenitrile, 2-methyl, 2- ; Methacrylonitrile
Propionic acid, 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) ; MCPP
Propranolol
Propyl mercaptan
Pyrene
Pyridine
Quinine sulphate
Ranitidine
Ranitidine hydrochloride
Resorcinol
Rhenium
Rhodium
CASRN
605027
612942
298022
732116
13171216
78-30-8
680319
88993
85449
638368
109068
7440064
67774327
1336-36-3
9016459
25322683
7440097
12136457
7440100
1921706
57830
23950585
709988
107186
126987
h...23.6.5.2...H
525666
107039
129000
110861
7778930
66357355
71130068
108463
7440155
7440166
Reported in
Literature'
I......™ J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ 4
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L no. j
L n° J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A
h .A
h .A
h .A
h .A
h. c
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .B H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
, c
, A
NA
NA
NA
h .A
NA
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
. E
. E
-34-
-------
Chemical
Roxithromycin
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Safrole
Salicylic acid
Samarium
Sarafloxacin
Scandium
Selenium and compounds*
Silicon
Silver
Simazine
Skatole
Sodium
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium n-dodecylbenzene sulfonate
Sodium valproate
Squalene
Stigmastanol
Strontium
Styrene
Sulfachloropyridazine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfamerazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethizole
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfathiazole
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfuric acid
Sulphasalazine
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbataline
Terbium
CASRN
80214831
7440177
7440188
94597
h...SZ2J...H
7440199
98105998
7440202
7782492
7440213
7440224
122349
h..J2£JL..H
7440-23-5
1310-73-2
25155300
1069665
7683649
19466478
7440246
100-42-5
80320
122112
127797
h 57681 H
144821
723466
h 72140 H
7704349
2025-88-4
7664939
599791
7440257
13494809
23031256
7440279
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
I......™ J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L n?. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L no. .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L yes .
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA....H
h NA....H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
. E
-35-
-------
Chemical
Terbufos
Terpineol, alpha-
Tert-butyl-4-hydroxy anisole, 3-
Testosterone
Tetrabromobiphenyl
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',4,6'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',5,6'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,2',6,6'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,3,3', 4-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,3,4,5-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,3',4',5-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,3,4,6-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 2,4,4',6-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 3,3',4,5'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-
Tetrabromobiphenyl, 3,4,4',5-
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Tetrabromodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-
Tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether
Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2-
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene
Tetrachloronaphthalene
Tetrachloronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-
Tetrachlorophenol
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-
Tetrachlorvinphos
CASRN
13071799
8006-39-1
25013165
h...5J2.2.°...H
40088457
66115579
60044248
97038954
59080374
60044259
97038965
97038998
84303457
115245095
59080385
115245108
64258022
77102820
97038987
16400503
59589923
79947
h NA....H
h NA....H
40088479
12408105
95943
25322207
630206
h...ZL3.4.5...H
127184
1335882
20020024
25167833
58902
961115
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,_ — -I?-8- — -.,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
i. yes .
i. .n.°. J
i. .n.°. J
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. n?. j
i. .n.°. j
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. no. .
i. no. .
i. I1.0. j
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. I1.0. j
i. I1.0. j
i. yes .
i. yes .
L. ye.8. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h .A
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
.....A....,
Comments I
. E
. E
-36-
-------
Chemical
Tetracosane n-
Tetracycline
Tetradecane n-
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium salt
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate; TEDP; Sulfotepp
Tetraethylpyrophosphate
Tetramethylbutyl phenol, 4-1,1,3,3-
Thallium
Thianaphthene
Thioacetamide
Thioxanthe-9-one
Thorium
Thulium
Timolol
Tin and compounds
Titanium
Titanium tetrachloride
Tolfenamic acid
Toluene
Toluene, 2,4-diamino
Toluidine, 5-chloro, o-
Toluidine, o-
Toxaphene
Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
Tri(dichlorisopropyl) phosphate
Triacontane n-
Tribromobiphenyl
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,2',5-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,3', 5-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,4,4'-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,4',5-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,4,5-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,4',6-
Tribromobiphenyl, 2,4,6-
Tribromobiphenyl, 3,4,4'-
Tribromobiphenyl, 3,4,5-
CASRN
646-31-1
60548
629-59-4
4574043
3689245
107-49-3
140669
7440280
h...^l.5.8...H
h...62.5.5.5...H
492228
7440291
7440304
26839758
Various
7440326
7550450
13710195
108883
95807
h...?™...H
h 95534 H
8001352
115968
13674878
638-68-6
51202790
59080341
59080352
6430906
59080363
115245073
64258033
59080330
6683358
115245084
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
I......™ J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,_ — -.ye.8— --.,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. J
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L yes .
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L no. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L no. j
L n° J
L n?. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L I1.0. j
L. -n-°- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h. c H
h NA
h. c H
h NA
h .A
h. c H
h NA
h. c
h .A
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
, c
NA
NA
, c
, A
h .A
, A
, A
NA
NA
, c
NA
NA
NA
h NA___
NA
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA____H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
E
-37-
-------
Chemical
Tribromobiphenyl, 3,4',5-
Tribromodiphenyl ether
Tribromomethane; Bromoform
Tribromophenol, 2,4,6-
Tributyl tin compounds
Trichlorfon
Trichlorobenzene
Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-
Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-
Trichloroethane
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloronaphthalene
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenol, 2,3,6-
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Trichloropropane, 1,2,3-
Triclosan
Triethylamine
Trifluralin
Trimethoprim
Trimethoxybenzene, 1,2,3-
Trimethyl phosphate
Trimethylamine
Trimethylnaphthalene, 2,3,6-
Triphenyl phosphate
Triphenylene
Tripropyleneglycol methyl ether
Trithiane, 1,3,5-
Tungsten
CASRN
72416876
49690940
h...Z52.5.2...H
118796
56573854
52686
12002481
87616
120821
108703
25323891
h...Zi.5.5.6...H
79005
79016
75-69-4
1321659
25167822
h..9.3.3.-.7.5.-.5..H
h 95954 H
88062
h...93.7.2.l..H
h...22Z.6.5...H
h 96184 H
3380345
121448
1582098
738705
634366
h 512561 H
h 75503 H
829265
115866
217594
25498491
291-21-4
7440337
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
,......"2 J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
I......™ J
L n° J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L.....ye.s.....j
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
I......™ J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L I1.0. j
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L .n.°. j
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L n° J
L yeS J
L .n.°. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L yes .
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L yeS J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L n° J
L .n.°. j
L. I1-0- j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA
h .A
h .A
h .B ,
h. c
NA
NA
h .A
, A
, A
h. c
h. c
, A
NA
NA
, c
NA
, A
, A
NA
NA
NA
, A
, A
h .A H
.....NA....,
Comments I
. E
. E
. E
.E.....
-38-
-------
Chemical
Tylosin
Uranium
Vanadium
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Virginiamycin
Volatile Organic Compounds
Warfarin
Xylene, m-
Xylene, o-
Xylene, p-
Xylene (o, p, m mixture)
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc and compounds*
Zirconium
CASRN
1401690
7440-61-1
7440622
108054
h...Z*l4...H
21411530
h NA....H
81812
108-38-3
95476
106423
1330207
7440644
7440655
7440666
7440677
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
i. .n.°. j
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. .n.°. j
i. I1.0. j
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. yes .
i. .n.°. j
i. .n.°. j
i. yes .
no
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
h NA____H
h NA
h. c
h .A
h .A H
h NA____H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA____H
h NA
h. c H
h NA
h. c
h. c
NA
Comments I
. E
. E
. E
CASRN = Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. * = Metals regulated in Round One. Column F: National & international literature search
conducted for the period 1990-2002. Column G: Human health benchmarks from a number of databases. The HHBs have not necessarily been full}
evaluated with regard to acceptability for use in this screening process. Column H: NSSS = 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey; A = not detected in
sewage sludge samples; B = detected in 1% of samples collected; C = detected in >1% of samples collected. Column I: D = Essential nutrient. E =
Ongoing IRIS or OPP health assessment at October 1,2003. E(NTP) = Ongoing NTP toxicological studies for Cr+6 . E(NRC) = Ongoing NRC review
of fluoride toxicological data, requested by EPA. NA = Not applicable or not available. Reference for NSSS data: EPA, 1990; 1996.
-39-
-------
Table 2: Chemicals Reported in Sewage Sludge and
Having Human Health Benchmarks from a Variety of Data Sources
Chemical
Acenaphthene
Acetaldehyde
Acetone; 2-Propanone
Acetophenone
Aldrin
Aluminum
Ammonia
Aniline
Anthracene
Antimony and compounds
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1254
Arsenic and compounds*
Atrazine
Azinphos methyl
Barium
Benzene
Benzenethiol
CASRN
83329
...Z5.°.7.°...H
67-64-1
98862
309002
7429905
7664417
...62533....,
120127
7440360
12674112
11097691
7440-38-2
1912249
86500
7440393
...Z1£.2...H
108985
Reported in
Literature'
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
L.....y.e.s.....j
,_— yes — .,
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L. yes. i
L. yes. i
L yes. i
L yes. i
L y^ j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes. j
L yes j
L yes j
L ye.s j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
.....A....H
....NA....H
.....C....H
.....C.....H
.....C....H
.....C....H
....NA....H
.....A.....H
.....S.....H
.....C....H
.....A....H
.....C....H
.....C....H
....NA....H
.....C....H
. c
.A H
A J
Comments1
......E.....
......E.....
E: PCBs
E: PCBs
.....?.....,
.....?.....,
-40-
-------
Chemical
Benzo [a] anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo [b] fluoranthene
Benzo [j ] fluoranthene
Benzo [k] fluoranthene
Benzoic acid
Beryllium
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
Bisphenol A
Boron
Butanol, n- ; n-Butyl alcohol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium and compounds*
Calcium
Captafol
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane
Chlordane
Chlordane, cis-
Chlorine
Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy acetic acid, 4- ; MCPA
Chloro-3-methylphenol, 4- ; p-Chloro-m-cresol; PCMC
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline
Chloroanilines
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
Chloroform
Chlorophenol
Chlorophenol, 2-
Chlorophenol, 4-
Chloroprene; 2-Chloro-l ,3-butadiene
Chlorpyrifos
CASRN
...5.L5.5.3...H
50328
205992
205823
207089
65-85-0
7440417
...92.5.24...H
111444
108601
80057
7440428
...Zi.3.6.3...H
85687
7440439
7440-70-2
2425061
133062
...63252...H
...7.5:!.5:°..H
...5.6.-2.3.-5..H
...5.ZZ.4.9...H
5103719
7782505
94746
...5.L5.°.l..H
106478
27134265
108907
510156
67663
25167800
95578 H
106489
126998
2921882
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L. yes. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
. c
. c
. c H
NA
. c
. c
. c
. B
.A
.A H
NA
. c H
NA
. c
. c
. c
.A
.A H
NA
. c
. c
.A H
NA____H
NA____H
NA
.A
. c H
NA
. c
c ,
B H
NA
A H
NA
A
.....c......
Comments1
.E.....
. E
. E
. ?„.„,
. E
. E
E
E
-41-
-------
Chemical
Chromium and compounds
Chrysene
Cobalt
Copper and compounds*
Coumaphos
Cresol, m- ; 3-Methylphenol
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol
Cresol, p- ; 4-Methylphenol
ODD, 4,4'-
DDE, 4,4'-
DDT ; p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Decabromodiphenyl ether
Demeton
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate; DEHA
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP
Diallate
Diazinon
Dibenz [a,h] acridine
Dibenz [a,h] anthracene
Dibenz [a,j ] acridine
Dibenzo [a,e] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,h] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,i] pyrene
Dibenzo [a,l] pyrene
Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, 7H-
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene, 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-
Dichlorobenzenes, total (mixed isomers)
Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'
Dichloroethane, 1 ,2- ; Ethylene dichloride
Dichloroethene, 1,1-
Dichloroethene, 1 ,2-trans-
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride
Dichlorophenol, 2,4-
CASRN
7440-47-3
218019
7440484
7440508
...5.L7.2.4...H
108394
...9.5:18:Z..H
106445
...Z22.8...H
...Z2£.9...H
50293
1163195
8065483
103231
117817
2303164
333415 H
226368
53703 H
224420
192654
189640
189559
191300
194592
84742 H
95501 H
541731 H
106467
25321226
91941
107062
75-35-4
156-60-5
75092
120832
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
l. ye8 J
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L. yes j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
. c
. c
. c
. c
.A H
NA
. c
. c
.A
. B
. c H
NA
.A H
NA
. c
A
c H
NA
A H
NA H
NA H
NA H
NA H
NA H
NA
c ,
A
A
c H
NA
A
A
A
B ,
c ,
. A J
Comments1
E(NTP)
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
E
E
E
E
E
-42-
-------
Chemical
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- ; 2,4-D
Dichlorvos; DDVP
Dicrotophos; Bidrin
Dieldrin
Diethyl phthalate
Diethylstilbestrol
Dimethoate
Dimethylphenol, 2,4-; Xylenol
Dinitrophenol (mixed isomers)
Dinitrophenol, 2,4-
Dinitropyrene, 1,6-
Dinitropyrene, 1,8-
Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-
Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-
Di-N-octyl phthalate
Dinoseb
Dioxane, 1,4-
Disulfoton
Endosulfan
Endosulfan I; alpha-Endosulfan
Endosulfan It; beta-Endosulphan
Endrin
Ethion
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox
Ethylbenzene
Fenthion
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Fluoride
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
CASRN
...217.5.l..H
...27.37...H
141662
...SELL-H
84662
...5.L5.3.L.H
...60.5.1.5...H
105679
25550587
...5.i2.8.5...H
42397648
42397659
...1.2.1.14.2..H
606202
117840
88857
123-91-1
298044
115297 H
959988
33213659
72208
563122 H
2104645
100414
55389 H
206440
86737 H
16984488
76448 H
1024573
118741
87683
319846
319857 H
...ZZ474...,
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L. yes. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
. c
.A
.A
. c
.A H
NA
. B
.A H
NA
.A H
NA____H
NA
.A
.A
. B H
NA
c ,
A H
NA
B ,
c ,
c ,
A
c ,
c ,
A
c ,
A
c ,
A
c ,
A
A
c ,
c ,
. A J
Comments1
. E
. E
. E
E
E
E(NRC)
E
.....E......
-43-
-------
Chemical
[ndeno[l ,2,3-cd]pyrene
[odine
[sobutyl alcohol
Lead and compounds*
Lindane; gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Linuron
Magnesium
Malathion
Manganese
Mercury and compounds*
Methoxychlor
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MH3K; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Methyl parathion
Methylchrysene, 5-
Methylnaphthalene, 1-
Mevinphos; Phosdrin
Mirex
Molybdenum and compounds*
Naled
Naloxone
Naphthalene
Nickel and compounds*
Nitrate
Nitrite
Nitrobenzene
Nitrofen (TOK)
Nitrofluorene, 2-
Nitrophenol, 4-
Nitropyrene, 1-
Nitropyrene, 4-
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
CASRN
193395
7553562
78-83-1
7439921
58899
330552
7439-95-4
...1.2.1.7.5.5...H
7439965
Various
...Z2435...H
...7187.3...H
78-93-3
108101
298000
3697243
90120
7786347
2385855
7439987
300765
465656
91203
7440020
14797558
14797-65-0
98953
NA H
607578
100027
5522430
57835924
55185 H
62759 H
86306
Reported in
Literature'
L.....y.e.S.....J
L.....y.e.S.....J
L.....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
.ye.3.
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
l. ye3 J
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L. yes j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
.A H
NA
. c
. c
.A H
NA
. c
.A
. c _,
. c
.A
.A
. c
. c
.A H
NA....H
NA
A
A
c ,
c H
NA
B ,
c ,
c ,
c ,
A
c H
NA
A H
NA H
NA
A
A
.....?.....,
Comments1
. ?„.„,
. E
Includes
...^?8...,
. E
E
E
E
E
-44-
-------
Chemical
N-nitrosomorpholine; NMOR
Nonidet P-40
Octabromodiphenyl ether
Oxytetracycline
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene; PCNB
Pentachlorophenol
Permethrin, cis-
Permethrin, trans-
Phenol
Phenyl ether; Diphenyl ether
Phorate
Phosmet
Phthalic anhydride
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs
Propanil
Propionic acid, 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) ; MCPP
Pyrene
Pyridine
Selenium and compounds*
Silver
Simazine
Sodium hydroxide
Strontium
Styrene
Sulfuric acid
Terbufos
Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene
Tetrachlorophenol
Tetrachlorvinphos
CASRN
59892
NA____H
32536520
...ZL5.7.2...H
32534819
608935
82688
87865
54774457
51877748
108952
101-84-8
298022
732116
85449
67774327
1336-36-3
709988
...22£.2...H
129000
110861
7782492
7440224
122349
1310-73-2
7440246
100-42-5
7664939
13071799
12408105
95943 H
25322207
79345 H
127184
25167833
...96.1.1.15..,
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
L yes j
yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L yes j
yes j
L. yes. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
.A H
NA____H
NA____H
NA____H
NA
.A
. c
.A H
NA____H
NA
. c
.A
.A
.A H
NA____H
NA
. c H
NA H
NA__
c ,
A
c ,
c H
NA H
NA H
NA
c H
NA
A H
NA
A H
NA
A
. c H
NA
....A....,
Comments1
. E
. E
. E
. E....
E
E
E
. E..
-45-
-------
Chemical
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate; TEDP; Sulfotepp
Thallium
Tin and compounds
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene
Toxaphene
Tribromomethane; Bromoform
Tribromophenol, 2,4,6-
Tributyl tin compounds
Trichlorfon
Trichlorobenzene
Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-
Trichloroethane
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Triclosan
Triethylamine
Trifluralin
Trimethyl phosphate
Uranium
Vanadium
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Warfarin
Xylene, m-
Xylene, o-
Xylene, p-
Xylenes (o, p, m mixture)
Zinc and compounds*
CASRN
3689245
7440280
Various
7550450
108883
8001352
...Z52.5.2...H
118796
56573854
52686
12002481
120821
25323891
...Zi.5.5.6...H
79005
79016
75-69-4
25167822
88062
93721 H
...?.3.7.6.5...H
3380345
121448
1582098
512561 H
7440-61-1
7440622
108054
75014 H
81812
108-38-3
95476 H
106423
1330207
7440666
Reported in
Literature'
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L....y.e.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L.....ye.S.....J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L.....ye.s.....j
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
i.....ye.s.....j
yes
Human
Health
Benchmark15
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
yes j
L. yes j
yes
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
.A
. c
. c H
NA
. c
.A
.A H
NA....H
NA
.A H
NA
.A H
NA
.A
.A
B ,
c H
NA
A
c ,
. c H
NA H
NA
c ,
A H
NA
c ,
A
A H
NA
c H
NA H
NA
. c
C
Comments1
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
E
E
E
E
-46-
-------
Chemical
CASRN
Reported in
Literature'
Human
Health
Benchmark15
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
Comments1
= Metals regulated in Round One. Column F: National & international literature search conducted for the period 1990-2002. Column G: Human
health benchmarks from a number of databases; the HHBs have not necessarily been fully evaluated with regard to acceptability for use in this
screening process. Column H: NSSS = 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey; A = not detected; B = detected in 1% of samples; C = detected in
>1% of samples collected. NA = Not applicable or not available; Reference for NSSS data: EPA, 1990; 1996.Column I: D = Essential nutrient; E =
Ongoing EPA health assessment at October 1,2003; E(NTP) = Ongoing NTP toxicological studies for Cr+6; E(NRC) = Ongoing NRC review of
fluoride toxicity, requested by EPA.
Table 3: Chemicals Regulated in Round One
Chemical
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Molybdenum *
i
Comments
E
E
E
Includes MeHg
-47-
-------
Chemical
Comments
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
-•J-
-i-
Molybdenum*: EPA will review criteria for molybdenum in land-applied treated sewage sludge. E = Ongoing Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS) assessment at October 1,2003. EPA plans to include all nine metals in a targeted national survey to be
initiated in FY 2005.
-48-
-------
Table 4: Chemicals Previously Evaluated and
Determined Not to be Hazardous in Sewage Sludge
Chemical
CASRN
Reported in
Literature'
Human
Health
Benchmark15
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSH
Comments1
Aldrin
Calcium
! 309002 !
! 7440-70-2 !
yes
yes
mis 91
IOM99
C
C
J(banned)
D
Chlordane
Chromium*
! 57749 !
! 16065-83-1 !
yes ! IRIS 98 ! A ! J (banned)
•-——4—-———4—--——+—————--—I
yes ! IRIS 98 ! C ! Cr HI predominates
ODD; p,p'-DDD
DDE; p,p'-DDE
72548
yes
yes
mis 88
mis 88
A
B
J(banned)
J(banned)
72559
DDT; p,p'-DDT
Dieldrin
50293
yes
yes
mis 88
mis 91
c
c
J(banned)
J(banned)
60571
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
76-44-8 ! yes ! OPP 92 ! A ! J (severely restricted)
————4———--4————-4———••+•••——————
1024-57-3 ! yes ! OPP 92 ! C ! J (severely restricted)
Hexachlorobenzene ! 118741 ! yes ! IRIS 91 ! A
....................................+I............+...........4.............4.......
Lindane; gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane ! 58899 ! yes ! OPP 02 ! C
J(banned)
J (severely restricted)
Magnesium
Phthalic anhydride**
Toxaphene
7439-95-4
!
yes
yes
yes
-4-
•
IOM99
IRIS 88
IRIS 91
-4-
-4-
C
NA
A
D
85449
1/2 life considerations
J(banned)
8001352
Column F: National & International literature search conducted for the period 1990-2002. Column G: IRIS or OPP human health
benchmark & year of assessment. Column H: NSSS = National Sewage Sludge Survey; A = not detected in sewage sludge samples; B
= detected in 1% of samples collected; C = detected in > 1% of samples collected; NA = not applicable. Column I: D = Essential
nutrient. Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1999) for calcium and magnesium are 2.5
g/day & 0.35 g/day, respectively, indicating unlikely hazard from their presence in sewage sludge; J = Banned or severely restricted
pesticide. Chromium*: The less toxic Cr m, rather than Cr VI, predominates in sewage sludge. Phthalic anhydride** was removed
from consideration because of its extremely rapid degradation in soil for the required sewage sludge 30-day holding period.
-49-
-------
Table 5: Chemicals Reported in U.S. Sewage Sludge from the
Literature or the National Sewage Sludge Survey and
Having Human Health Benchmarks from a Variety of Data Sources
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Acenaphthene ! 83329 ! yes
Acetaldehyde ! 75070 ! yes
Acetone; 2-Propanone • 67-64-1 • yes
Acetophenone • 98862 • yes
Aluminum ! 7429905 ! yes
Ammonia i 7664417 i yes
Aniline ! 62533 ! yes
Anthracene ! 120127 ! yes
Antimony and compounds i 7440360 i yes
Aroclorl016 ! 12674112 ! yes
Aroclorl254 ! 11097691 ! yes
Atrazine ! 1912249 ! yes
Azinphos methyl • 86500 • yes
Barium ! 7440393 ! yes
Benzene ! 71432 ! yes
Benzenethiol ! 108985 ! yes
Benzo[a]anthracene i 56553 • yes
Benzo[a]pyrene i 50328 • yes
Benzo[b]fluoranthene ! 205992 ! yes
Benzo[j]fluoranthene ! 205823 ! yes
Benzo[k]fluoranthene ! 207089 ! yes
Benzoic acid i 65-85-0 • yes
Beryllium ! 7440417 ! yes
Biphenyl, 1,1- ! 92524 ! yes
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether ! 111444 ! yes
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether ! 108601 ! yes
— - \...VJ.2 4 4 y.
BisphenolA • 80057 i yes
Boron ! 7440428 ! yes
Butanol, n- ; n-Butyl alcohol • 71363 i yes
Butyl benzyl phthalate ! 85687 \ yes
Captafol ! 2425061 \ yes
Captan \ 133062 \ yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
SludgeF
n d
L yes .
L yes .
n d
n d
L yes .
L yes .
n d
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
h n'd' H
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
1 A H
1 .A ,
. A
i c H
NA
. A
NA
i c H
NA
. A
L A ,
Comments11
E: PCBs
E: PCBs
E
E
-50-
-------
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Carbaryl ! 63252 ! yes
Carbon disulfide • 75-15-0 • yes
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane • 56-23-5 • yes
Chlordane, cis- ! 5103719 ! yes
Chlorine ! 7782505 ! yes
Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy acetic acid, 4- ; MCPA • 94746 • yes
Chloro-3-methylphenol, 4- ; p-Chloro-m-cresol; PCMC ! 59507 ! yes
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline • 106478 • yes
Chloroanilines • 27 1 34265 • yes
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride • 108907 • yes
Chlorobenzilate • 510156 • yes
Chloroform • 67663 • yes
Chlorophenol ! 25167800 ! yes
Chlorophenol, 2- ! 95578 ! yes
Chlorophenol, 4- ! 106489 ! yes
Chloroprene;2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene ! 126998 ! yes
Chlorpyrifos ! 2921882 ! yes
Chrysene ! 218019 ! yes
Cobalt ! 7440484 ! yes
Coumaphos i 56724 • yes
Cresol, m- ; 3-Methylphenol ! 108394 ! yes
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol ! 95-48-7 ! yes
Cresol, p- ; 4-Methylphenol ! 106445 ! yes
Decabromodiphenyl ether • 1163195 i yes
Demeton ! 8065483 ! yes
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate; DEHA ! 103231 ! yes
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP ! 117817 ! yes
Diallate ! 2303164 ! yes
Diazinon • 333415 i yes
Dibenz[a,h]acridine i 226368 i yes
Dibenz[a,h] anthracene • 53703 i yes
Dibenz[a,j]acridine ! 224420 ! yes
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene i 192654 i yes
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene i 189640 i yes
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene i 189559 i yes
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene _j 191300 _j yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L Yes .
L 2.d. J
L yeS J
n.d.
L yeS J
n.d.
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
n.d.
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
i.™i£™.H
h. c
h. c H
h NA....H
h NA....H
h NA
h .A
h. c H
h NA
h. c
h. c
h .B H
h NA
h .A H
h NA
. A
. c
. c
. c
t A H
NA
. c
i c H
NA
t A H
h NA___
. c
. A
i c H
NA
t A H
h....NA...H
t NA H
h....NA...H
h NA H
.....NA....,
Comments11
. E
. E
. E
E
E
E
. E...
E
-51-
-------
Chemical CASRN
Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, 7H- ! 194592
Dibutyl phthalate ! 84742
Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- ! 95501
Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- • 541731 i
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- ! 106467
Dichlorobenzenes, total (mixed isomers) • 25321226 i
Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3' ! 91941
Dichloroethane, 1,2- ; Ethylene dichloride • 107062 i
Dichloroethene, 1,1- ! 75-35-4
Dichloroethene, 1 ,2 -trans- • 1 56-60-5 i
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride • 75092 i
Dichlorophenol, 2,4- ! 120832
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- ; 2,4-D i 94757
Dichlorvos; DDVP ! 62737
Dicrotophos; Bidrin • 141662 i
Diethyl phthalate ! 84662 !
Diethylstilbestrol ! 56531 !
Dimethoate ! 60515
Dimethylphenol, 2,4-; Xylenol ! 105679
Dinitrophenol (mixed isomers) • 25550587
Dinitrophenol, 2,4- ! 51285 !
Dinitropyrene, 1,6- ! 42397648 !
Dinitropyrene, 1,8- ! 42397659 !
Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- ! 121142 !
Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- ! 606202 !
Di-N-octyl phthalate ! 117840 !
Dinoseb ! 88857 !
Dioxane, 1,4- ! 123-91-1 !
Disulfoton ! 298044 !
Endosulfan ! 115297 !
Endosulfan I; alpha-Endosulfan i 959988
Endosulfan It; beta-Endosulphan • 33213659
Endrin ! 72208 !
Ethion ! 563122 !
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox • 2104645
mmmmm'mmmmmm'mmmmmm'mmmmmJmmmm'mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm + mmmmmmmmmmmm.
Ethylbenzene [ 100414 j
HHBD
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
, yes
, yes
, yes
L....ie.S....J
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
h yeS H
,....ie.s.....
L — J^. — J
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
L 2.d. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
1 NA
i. c
1 A H
1 A ,
L c H
1 NA
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .?. H
i. c
1 .A ,
i. c
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
h A H
NA
. B
h.....A.....H
NA
h A H
1 NA H
NA
. A
. A
h B H
NA
. c
h A H
NA
. B
. c
. c
. A
h.....c....H
......c......
Comments11
. .L....
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
E
E
.....E......
-52-
-------
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Fenthion ! 55389 ! yes
Fluoranthene ! 206440 ! yes
Fluorene i 86737 i yes
Fluoride ! 16984488 ! yes
Hexachlorobutadiene • 87683 • yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- • 3 1 9846 • yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- • 3 19857 • yes
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene • 77474 • yes
lndeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene ! 193395 ! yes
Iodine ! 7553562 ! yes
Isobutyl alcohol ! 78-83-1 ! yes
Linuron ! 330552 ! yes
Malathion ! 121755 ! yes
Manganese ! 7439965 ! yes
Methoxychlor ! 72435 ! yes
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane • 74873 • yes
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone ! 78-93-3 ! yes
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MIBK; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4- ! 108101 ! yes
Methyl parathion ! 298000 ! yes
Methylchrysene, 5- ! 3697243 ! yes
Methylnaphthalene, 1- ! 90120 ! yes
Mevinphos; Phosdrin • 7786347 • yes
Mirex ! 2385855 ! yes
Naled ! 300765 ! yes
Naloxone i 465656 • yes
Naphthalene ! 91203 ! yes
Nitrate ! 14797558 ! yes
Nitrite ! 14797-65-0 ! yes
Nitrobenzene i 98953 • yes
Nitrofen (TOK) ! NA ! yes
Nitrofluorene, 2- ! 607578 ! yes
Nitrophenol, 4- ! 100027 ! yes
Nitropyrene, 1- ! 5522430 ! yes
Nitropyrene, 4- • 57835924 i yes
N-Nitrosodiethylamine i 55185 i yes
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) ! 62759 ! yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L yes .
n d
n d
n d
n d
n d
n d
L yes .
n d
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
L 2.d. j
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
. A
. A
NA
NA
. A
. A
i c H
NA
. A
i c H
NA
t A H
h NA H
NA
. A
A
Comments11
E(NRC)
E
E
E
-53-
-------
Chemical CASRN HHBD
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine i 86306 i yes
N-nitrosomorpholine; NMOR i 59892 i yes
NonidetP-40 ! NA ! yes
Octabromodiphenyl ether • 32536520 • yes
Oxytetracycline • 79572 • yes
Pentabromodiphenyl ether • 325348 1 9 • yes
Pentachlorobenzene • 608935 • yes
Pentachloronitrobenzene; PCNB ! 82688 ! yes
Pentachlorophenol • 87865 • yes
Permethrin, cis- • 54774457 • yes
Permethrin, trans- ! 51877748 ! yes
Phenol ! 108952 ! yes
Phenyl ether; Diphenyl ether ! 101-84-8 ! yes
Phorate ! 298022 ! yes
Phosmet ! 732116 ! yes
Polybrominated biphenyls • 67774327 • yes
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs • 1336-36-3 • yes
Propanil ! 709988 ! yes
Propionic acid, 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) ; MCPP • 93652 • yes
Pyrene ! 129000 ! yes
Pyridine ! 110861 ! yes
Silver ! 7440224 ! yes
Simazine • 1 22349 • yes
Sodium hydroxide • 1310-73-2 • yes
Strontium ! 7440246 ! yes
Styrene ! 100-42-5 ! yes
Sulfuricacid ! 7664939 ! yes
Terbufos ! 13071799 ! yes
Tetrachlorobenzene • 12408 1 05 • yes
Tetrachlorobenzene, 1 ,2,4,5- • 95943 • yes
Tetrachloroethane • 25322207 • yes
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- ! 79345 ! yes
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene • 127184 • yes
Tetrachlorophenol • 25167833 i yes
Tetrachlorvinphos • 961115 i yes
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate; TEDP; Sulfotepp _j 3689245 _j yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L 2.d. J
L yes .
L 2.d. J
L yes .
L yeS J
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L 2.d. J
n.d.
L 2.d. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
L.»»?.»»H
t A H
t NA____H
t NA____H
t NA____H
1 NA
1 A ,
i. c
t .A H
t NA....H
1 NA
i. c
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
t .A H
NA
i c H
t NA____H
1 NA
i. c
1 .A ,
L c H
t NA____H
t NA____H
1 NA
L c H
1 NA
t .A H
1 NA
t .A H
1 NA
. A
L c H
h....NA...H
--A
. A ,
Comments11
. E
. E
. E
E
. E
. E
. E
. E...
-54-
-------
Chemical CASRN
Thallium ! 7440280
Tin and compounds • Various i
Titanium tetrachloride • 7550450 i
Toluene ! 108883
Tribromomethane; Bromoform • 75252 i
Tribromophenol, 2,4,6- ! 118796
Tributyl tin compounds i 56573854
Trichlorfon ! 52686
Trichlorobenzene ! 12002481
Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- ! 120821
Trichloroethane ! 25323891
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- • 71556 i
Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- ! 79005
Trichloroethene • 790 1 6 i
Trichlorofluoromethane • 75-69-4 i
Trichlorophenol ! 25167822 !
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- ! 88062 !
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex i 93721
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T ! 93765
Triclosan ! 3380345 !
Triethylamine ! 121448 !
Trifluralin ! 1582098 !
Trimethyl phosphate • 512561
Uranium ! 7440-61-1 !
Vanadium ! 7440622 !
Vinyl acetate ! 108054 !
Vinyl Chloride ! 75014 !
Warfarin ! 81812 !
Xylene,m- ! 108-38-3 !
Xylene, o- ! 95476 !
Xylene, p- ! 106423 !
Xylenes (o, p, m mixtures) j 1330207
HHBD
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
L....ie.S....J
, yes
, yes
, yes
L....ie.S....J
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
, yes
yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L yes .
L yes .
L 2.d. j
L 2.d. j
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
n.d.
L yeS J
L yeS J
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
i. c
!. c H
1 NA
i. c
t A H
t NA____H
1 NA
t A H
1 NA
t .A H
1 NA
1 .A ,
1 .A ,
1 .?. H
L c H
NA
. A
. c
L c H
1 NA H
NA
. c
h A H
NA
. c
. A
h A H
NA
h c H
1 NA H
NA
C
Comments"1
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
. E
E
E
-55-
-------
Chemical
CASRN
HHBD
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
Comments"1
Column D: HHB = Human health benchmarks from a variety of databases. The HHBs have not necessarily been fully evaluated with
regard to acceptability for use in this screening process. Column F: Literature search for concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge
conducted for the period 1990-2002; yes = value reported; n.d. = not detected; blank = not mentioned in the literature. Column G: NSSS =
National Sewage Sludge Survey; A = not detected in sewage sludge samples; B = detected in 1% of samples collected; C = detected in
>1% of samples collected. NA = not applicable i.e., not monitored in NSSS. Column H: E = Ongoing IRIS or OPP health assessment at
October 1,2003. E(NRC) = Ongoing NRC review of fluoride toxicological data, requested by EPA.
-56-
-------
Table 6: Identifying Availability of IRIS or OPP Human Health
Benchmarks for Chemicals Occurring in U.S. Sewage Sludge
IRIS or
OPP
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Acetone; 2-Propanone ! 67-64-1 ! yes !
Acetophenone ! 98862 ! yes !
Aluminum ! 7429905 ! no !
Anthracene ! 120127 ! yes !
Antimony and compounds ! 7440360 ! yes !
Aroclorl254 ! 11097691 ! yes !
Azinphos methyl ! 86500 ! yes !
Barium ! 7440393 ! yes !
Benzo [a] anthracene • 56553 • no •
Benzo[a]pyrene • 50328 • yes •
Benzo[b]fluoranthene ! 205992 ! no !
Benzo[k]fluoranthene ! 207089 ! no !
Benzoic acid ! 65-85-0 ! yes !
Beryllium ! 7440417 ! yes !
Biphenyl, 1,1- ! 92524 ! yes !
Boron ! 7440428 ! yes !
Butyl benzyl phthalate ! 85687 ! yes !
Carbon disulfide • 75-15-0 • yes •
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane • 56-23-5 • yes •
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline • 106478 • yes •
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride • 108907 • yes •
Chlorobenzilate • 510156 • yes •
Chloroform • 67663 • yes •
Chlorpyrifos ! 2921882 ! yes !
Chrysene ! 218019 ! no !
Cobalt ! 7440484 ! no !
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol ! 95-48-7 ! yes !
Cresol, p- ; 4-Methylphenol ! 106445 ! no !
Decabromodiphenyl ether • 1 163195 • yes •
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP ! 117817 ! yes !
Diazinon • 333415 • yes •
Dibutyl phthalate ! 84742 ! yes !
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- ' 106467 i yes i
Literature
Reports
Concn Values Monitored
in U.S. in 1989
Sludge" NSSSG Comments11
1^1
yes • C •
1 r* •
i SL....1
• ^i
yes • C •
i • ^ •
n.d. • C •
• „ I T-,
yes • C • E
! C ! E:PCBs
1 r* •
i SL....1
• ^i
yes • C •
n.d. ! C !
n.d. ! C ! E
1 r* •
i SL....1
1 r* •
i SL....1
i • ^ •
n.d. • C •
• ^i
yes • C •
1 -n •
I.....?.....!
y^ j C_____| E
2,d.. ]. C 1
2,d.. ]. C 1
n.d. ! C ! E
n,d... ]. C 1
n,d... ]. C 1
J.....C......J.
1 T-» ' T-
yes • B • E
y^ j £_____!
2,d... ]. C 1
yes j £_____! E
n,d... ]. C 1
yes ' c i
• , T , I T-,
yes • NA • E
yes ' c i E
].....c....i
n.d. ! C ! E
n.d. ! C ! E
-57-
-------
IRIS or
OPP
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Dichloroethene, 1,2 -trans- i 156-60-5 i yes
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride i 75092 i yes
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- ; 2,4-D i 94757 i yes
Dimethoate i 60515 i yes
Di-N-octyl phthalate ! 117840 ! no
Dioxane, 1,4- ! 123-91-1 ! yes
Endosulfan I; alpha-Endosulfan • 959988 • no
Endosulfan IT; beta-Endosulphan • 33213659 • no
Endrin ! 72208 ! yes
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox i 2104645 i yes
Ethylbenzene ! 100414 ! yes
Fluoranthene • 206440 • yes
Fluoride ! 16984488 ! yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- • 3 1 9846 • yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- • 3 19857 • yes
[sobutyl alcohol • 78-83-1 • yes
Manganese • 7439965 • yes
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone ! 78-93-3 ! yes
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MIBK; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4- ! 108101 ! yes
Naled ! 300765 ! yes
Naphthalene ! 9 1 203 ! yes
Nitrate ! 14797558 ! yes
Nitrite ! 14797-65-0 ! yes
Nitrofen (TOK) ! NA ! no
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine • 86306 • yes
Pentabromodiphenyl ether • 325348 1 9 • yes
Pentachloronitrobenzene; PCNB ! 82688 ! no
Phenol ! 108952 ! yes
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs ! 1 336-36-3 ! yes
Pyrene ! 129000 ! yes
Silver ! 7440224 ! yes
Strontium* ! 7440246 ! yes
Styrene ! 100-42-5 ! yes
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene • 1 27 1 84 • yes
Thallium ! 7440280 ! yes
Tin and compounds _j Various _j no
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L Yes .
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L yeS J
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
L yeS J
n.d.
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L yes .
L yes .
L 2.d. J
L 2.d. J
L yes .
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
L.»»?.»»H
h. c
h. c
h .B. ,
h .B.
i. c
1 .B. ,
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. B
. c
. c
i. c
h B H
NA
i. c
. c
. c
i. c
!. c H
1 NA
i. c
i. c
i. c
......9......
Comments11
... E
... E
... E
E(NRC)
. E
. E
... E.....
. E
... E
... E
... E
-58-
-------
Chemical
CASRN
IRIS or
OPP
HHBD
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
Comments"1
Toluene
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T
Trifluralin
Uranium
Vanadium
Xylene, m-
Xylenes (o, p, m mixtures)
108883
79016
75-69-4
93721
93765
1582098
7440-61-1
7440622
108-38-3
1330207
A....?
A....?
A....?
A....?
1 y
.s....j
0
0
5S
ves
n d
n d
L yes .
ves
n.d.
C
Chemicals listed in this table have reported concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge from the literature search and/or NSSS. Column D =
Human health benchmarks available (yes) or not available (no) from IRIS or OPP. Column F: Literature search for concentration values in
U.S. sewage sludge conducted for the period 1990-2002; yes = concentration values reported; n.d. = not detected; blank = not mentioned in
the literature. Column G: NSSS = National Sewage Sludge Survey; B = detected in 1% of samples collected; C = detected in >1% of
samples collected; NA = not applicable i.e., not monitored in NSSS. Column H: E = Ongoing IRIS or OPP health assessment at October 1,
2003. E(NRC) = Ongoing NRC review of fluoride toxicological data, requested by EPA. *Strontium: Environmental properties data not
available to conduct exposure analysis.
-59-
-------
Table 7: Chemicals Occurring in U.S. Sewage Sludge and Having
IRIS or OPP Human Health Benchmarks
IRIS or
OPP
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Acetone; 2-Propanone ! 67-64-1 ! yes !
Acetophenone ! 98862 ! yes !
Anthracene ! 120127 ! yes !
Antimony and compounds ! 7440360 ! yes !
Aroclorl254 ! 11097691 ! yes !
Azinphos methyl ! 86500 ! yes !
Barium ! 7440393 ! yes !
Benzo[a]pyrene ! 50328 ! yes !
Benzoic acid ! 65-85-0 ! yes !
Beryllium ! 7440417 ! yes !
Biphenyl, 1,1- ! 92524 ! yes !
Boron ! 7440428 ! yes !
Butyl benzyl phthalate • 85687 • yes •
Carbon disulfide • 75-15-0 • yes •
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane • 56-23-5 • yes •
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline • 106478 • yes •
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride • 108907 • yes •
Chlorobenzilate • 510156 • yes •
Chloroform • 67663 • yes •
Chlorpyrifos ! 2921882 ! yes !
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol ! 95-48-7 ! yes !
Decabromodiphenyl ether • 1 163195 • yes •
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP ! 117817 ! yes !
Diazinon • 333415 • yes •
Dibutyl phthalate ! 84742 ! yes !
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- • 106467 • yes •
Dichloroethene, 1 ,2 -trans- • 1 56-60-5 • yes •
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride • 75092 • yes •
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- ; 2,4-D • 94757 • yes •
Dimethoate • 605 15 • yes •
Dioxane, 1,4- ! 123-91-1 ! yes !
Endrin ! 72208 ! yes !
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox i 2104645 i yes i
Literature
Reports
Concn Values Monitored
in U.S. in 1989
Sludge" NSSSG Comments11
1^1
yes • C •
1 r* •
1 £„. !
1 • ^ •
n.d • C •
• „ I T-,
yes • C • E
! C ! E:PCBs
1 r* •
i SL... !
• ^i
yes i i
n.d ! C ! E
1 • ^ •
n.d • C •
• ^i
yes • C •
1 -n •
J.....2.....J.
• „ I T-,
yes • C • E
1 • ^ •
n.d • C •
n.d ! C !
n.d ! C ! E
?JL ]. C 1
?jL ]. c I
J.....C....J
1 T-l ' T-
yes • B • E
y^ j £_____j
n^. ]. C 1
• -kT A ' T-
yes • NA • E
y^ ! c i E
].....c....i
n.d ! C ! E
n.d ! C ! E
J.....B....I
?JL ]. C 1
L™c_L_E_
].....B....i.....E.....
].....c....i
n^. ]. C 1
i c_i
-60-
-------
IRIS or
OPP
Chemical CASRN HHBD
Ethylbenzene ! 100414 ! yes
Fluoranthene • 206440 • yes
Fluoride ! 16984488 ! yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- • 3 1 9846 • yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- • 3 19857 • yes
[sobutyl alcohol • 78-83-1 • yes
Manganese • 7439965 • yes
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone ! 78-93-3 ! yes
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MTOK; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4- ! 108101 ! yes
Naled ! 300765 ! yes
Naphthalene ! 91203 ! yes
Nitrate ! 14797558 ! yes
Nitrite ! 14797-65-0 ! yes
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine • 86306 • yes
Pentabromodiphenyl ether • 325348 1 9 • yes
Phenol ! 108952 ! yes
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs ! 1 336-36-3 ! yes
Pyrene ! 129000 ! yes
Silver ! 7440224 ! yes
Styrene ! 100-42-5 ! yes
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene • 1 27 1 84 • yes
Thallium ! 7440280 ! yes
Toluene ! 108883 ! yes
Trichlorofluoromethane • 75-69-4 • yes
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex • 93721 • yes
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T • 93765 • yes
Trifluralin ! 1582098 ! yes
Xylenes (o, p, m mixture) j 1330207 j yes
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L n.d j
L yes .
L n.d j
L n.d j
L yes .
L n.d j
L n.d j
L n.d j
L yes .
L n.d j
L yes .
L yeS J
L yeS J
L yes .
L yes .
L n.d j
L n.d j
L yes .
L yes .
L n.d j
n.d
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
|M™£m
i. £
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
1 .B J
i. c
i. c
! .?. H
1 NA
. c
. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
i. c
c
Comments"1
... E
E(NRC)
... E
... E.....
, E
... E.....
... E.....
... E.....
... E.....
Column D: Human health benchmarks (HHB) available from IRIS or OPP. Column F: Literature search for concentration values in U.S.
sewage sludge conducted for the period 1990-2002; yes = values reported; n.d. = not detected; blank = not mentioned in the literature.
Column G: NSSS = National Sewage Sludge Survey; B = detected in 1% of samples collected; C = detected in >1% of samples collected;
NA = not applicable i.e., not monitored in NSSS. Column H: E = Ongoing IRIS or OPP health assessment at October 1, 2003; E(NRC) =
Ongoing NRC review of fluoride toxicological data, requested by EPA.
-61-
-------
Table 8: Chemicals Occurring in U.S. Sewage Sludge with Ongoing Health
Assessments and Existing IRIS or OPP Human Health Benchmarks
Chemical
CASRN
IRIS or OPP
Oral HHBD
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
Comments"1
Antimony and compounds
7440360
yes
yes
Aroclor 1254
11097691
yes
E: PCBs
Benzo[a]pyrene
50328
yes
n.d
Boron
7440428
yes
yes
Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrachloromethane
56-23-5
yes
n.d
Chloroform
67663
yes
yes
B
Decabromodiphenyl ether
1163195
yes
yes
NA
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DEHP
117817
yes
yes
Dibutyl phthalate
84742
yes
n.d
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-
106467
n.d
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-; 2,4-D
94757
yes
Dimethoate
60515
yes
B
Ethylbenzene
100414
yes
n.d
Fluoride
Naphthalene
16984488
yes
yes
C
B
E(NRC)
91203
n.d
yes
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs
32534819
yes
yes
_NA_
C
1336-36-3
yes
n.d
E
E
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene
100-42-5
yes
yes
-4-
•
•
•
C
C
C
C
"t"
•
•
•
127184
n.d
yes
yes
E
E
E
Thallium
Toluene
7440280
yes
yes
108883
Chemicals listed in this table have ongoing IRIS or OPP health assessments, reported concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge from the
literature search and/or NSSS. Column D: Oral human health benchmarks available (yes) or not available (no) from IRIS or OPP. Column
F: Literature search for concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge conducted for the period 1990-2002; yes = values reported; n.d = not
detected; blank = not mentioned in the literature. Column G: NSSS = National Sewage Sludge Survey; B = detected in 1% of samples
collected; C = detected in >1% of samples collected; NA = not applicable i.e., not monitored in NSSS. Column H: E = Ongoing IRIS or
OPP health assessment at October 1,2003; E(NRC) = Ongoing NRC review of fluoride toxicological data, requested by EPA.
-62-
-------
Table 9: Candidate Chemicals for Exposure and Hazard Screening
Chemical CASRN
Acetone; 2-Propanone i 67-64-1
Acetophenone i 98862
Anthracene ! 120127
Azinphos methyl • 86500
Barium ! 7440393
Benzoic acid i 65-85-0
Beryllium ! 7440417
Biphenyl, 1,1- ! 92524
Butyl benzyl phthalate ! 85687
Carbon disulfide ! 75-15-0
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline • 106478
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride ! 108907
Chlorobenzilate ! 510156
Chlorpyrifos ! 2921882
Cresol, o- ; 2-Methylphenol ! 95-48-7
Diazinon ! 333415
Dichloroethene, 1,2 -trans- ! 156-60-5
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride • 75092
Dioxane, 1,4- ! 123-91-1
Endrin ! 72208
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox • 2104645
Fluoranthene ! 206440
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- i 319846
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- • 319857
[sobutyl alcohol ! 78-83-1
Manganese i 7439965
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone ! 78-93-3
Methyl isobutyl ketone; MIBK; Methyl-2-pentanone, 4- ! 108101
Naled ! 300765
Nitrate ! 14797558
Nitrite ! 14797-65-0
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine i 86306
Phenol ! 108952
Pyrene j_ 129000
IRIS or OPP
Chronic HHB
AYear"
mis 03
mis 91
mis 91
OPP 01
mis 99
mis 91
mis 98
mis 91
mis 89
mis 95
mis 88
mis 90
mis 89
OPP 01
mis 92
OPP 02
mis 88
mis 91
mis 88
mis 89
mis 87
mis 90
mis 91
mis 91
mis 87
mis 95
mis os
mis os
OPP 02
mis 91
mis 87
mis 87
mis 02
mis 91
Literature
Reports
Concn Values
in U.S.
Sludge'
L yes .
L.....n..d......H
L yes .
L.....n..d......H
L yes .
L.....n..d......H
L.....n..d......H
L.....n..d......H
L.....n..d......H
L yes .
L.....n..d......H
n.d.
L .n..d.. H
L yeS J
n.d.
n.d.
L yeS J
n.d.
L .n..d.. j
L yeS J
L yeS J
i. I6.?. J
Monitored
in 1989
NSSSG
. c...
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. B
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. c
. B..
c
. c
. c
c
c
c
c
c
c
. c
. c
c
. c
.....B....
c
.....?......
-63-
-------
IRISo
Chroni
Chemical CASRN & Yc
Literature
Reports
r OPP Concn Values Monitored
c HHB in U.S. in 1989
jar" Sludge" NSSSG
Silver ! 7440224 IRIS 91 yes C
Trichlorofluoromethane ! 75-69-4 IRIS 87 n.d. C
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5- ; Silvex ! 93721 IRIS 88 C
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-1 '• 93765 IRIS 88 C
Trifluralin ! 1582098 OPP 95 C
Xylenes (o, p, m mixture) ! 1330207 IRIS 03 n.d. C
Chemicals listed in this table have reported concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge from the literature search and/or NSSS.
Column D: IRIS or OPP chronic human health benchmarks and assessment year. Column F: Literature search for
concentration values in U.S. sewage sludge conducted for the period 1990-2002; yes = values reported; n.d. = not detected;
blank = not mentioned in the literature. Column G: NSSS = National Sewage Sludge Survey; B = detected in 1% of samples
collected; C = detected in >1% of samples collected.
-64-
-------
Table 10A: Oral Human Health Benchmarks for Candidate
Chemicals for Exposure and Hazard Screening
Chemical
Acetone; 2-Propanone
Acetophenone
Anthracene
Azinphos methyl
Barium
3enzoic acid
Beryllium
3iphenyl, 1,1-
3utyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorpyrifos
Cresol, o-; 2-Methylphenol
)iazinon
)ichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
)ichloromethane; Methylene chloride
)ioxane, 1,4-
indrin
ithyl p-nitrophenyl
)henylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox
'luoranthene
iexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
iexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
sobutyl alcohol
Vlanganese (from drinking water) *
Vlethyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK);
Vlethyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Naled
titrate (as Nitrate-nitrogen)
Nitrite (as Nitrate-nitrogen)
••J-Nitrosodiphenylamine
'henol
CASRN
l-.^.tl-.j
98862
120127
86500
7440393
65-85-0
7440-41-7
t...9.2.5.2.4....,
85687
i.-Zhll-S-.j
106478
108907
510156
2921882
l..9£L8.-Z...l
L.J33415
156-60-5
i..Z2£9.-2..j
123-91-1
L...7.220.8...J
2104645
206440
319846
319857
78-83-1
7439965
78-93-3
108101
300765
14797558
14797-65-0
86306
108952
% detect NSSS 95th
1989 perc. Concn
NSSS mg/kg
58_| 116.00J
2i......3.2.9.°j
2i......3.2.90J
2J .0.31J
100J 1730.00j
4! 167.00
22J 8.00j
li......33.3.0.!
9j......32.9.°j
.104 .3-.13J
.5j......33.3.°j
2J .3-.13J
2\ .o-joj
3J .0-.16J
.6j...—42.8.°j
2.J .0-.15J
.l] .2-.9.4j
42i......3i.3.°j
2J .3.-.13J
6J .0.04]
• 1
2J .0..12J
.54—...32.9.0J
24 .0.02J
64 .°..04j
34 .3.-.13J
lOOj 1620.00j
34! 69.30
• 1
24 15.60J
A -^
95j 5020.00J
83_j 462.00J
.lj......«.8°j
.34; 5_7._5_OJ
IRIS/OPP
Chronic
HHB&
Year
IRIS 03
IRIS 91
IRIS 91
OPP01
IRIS 99
IRIS 91
IRIS 98
IRIS 91
IRIS 89
IRIS 95
IRIS 88
IRIS 90
IRIS 89
OPP01
IRIS 92
OPP02
IRIS 88
IRIS 91
IRIS 88
IRIS 89
IRIS 87
IRIS 90
IRIS 91
IRIS 91
IRIS 87
IRIS 95
IRIS 03
IRIS 03
OPP02
IRIS 91
IRIS 87
IRIS 87
IRIS 02
RfD
9.00e-01
l.OOe-01
3.00e-01
1.49e-03
7.00e-02
4.00e+00
2.00e-03
5.00e-02
2.00e-01
l.OOe-01
4.00e-03
2.00e-02
2.00e-02
3.00e-04
5.00e-02
2.00e-04
2.00e-02
6.00e-02
3.00e-04
l.OOe-05
4.00e-02
3.00e-01
4.67e-02
6.00e-01
2.00e-03
1.60e+00
l.OOe-01
3.00e-01
PAD
1.49e-03
3.00e-05
2.00e-04
2.00e-03
OSF
7.50e-03
1.10e-02
6.30e+00
1.80e+00
4.90e-03
Dose for
E-5
1.33e-03
9.09e-04
1.59e-06
5.56e-06
2.04e-03
OCD
9.00e-01
l.OOe-01
3.00e-01
1.49e-03
7.00e-02
4.00e+00
2.00e-03
5.00e-02
2.00e-01
l.OOe-01
4.00e-03
2.00e-02
2.00e-02
3.00e-05
5.00e-02
2.00e-04
2.00e-02
1.33e-03
9.09e-04
3.00e-04
l.OOe-05
4.00e-02
1.59e-06
5.56e-06
3.00e-01
4.67e-02
6.00e-01
NA
2.00e-03
1.60e+00
l.OOe-01
2.04e-03
3.00e-01
-65-
-------
Chemical
Pyrene
Silver
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid,
2-2,4,5-; Silvex
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-;
2,4,5-T
Trifluralin
Xylenes (mixture)
CASRN
129000
7440224
75-69-4
i..2™..j
t...9.3.7.6.5..^
1582098
1330207
% detect
1989
NSSS
5
84
5
.15,
29,
3
4
NSSS 95th
perc. Concn
ing/kg
......33.°.°j
128.00
.3.47J
1
1
.0.04]
1
1
.0.05J
.0-.16J
6.18!
IRIS/OPP
Chronic
HHB&
Year
IRIS 91
IRIS 91
IRIS 87
IRIS 88
IRIS 88
OPP95
IRIS 03
RfD
3.00e-02
5.00e-03
3.00e-01
8.00e-03
l.OOe-02
2.40e-02
2.00e-01
PAD
OSF
7.70e-03
Dose for
E-5
1.30e-03
OCD
3.00e-02
5.00e-03
3.00e-01
8.00e-03
l.OOe-02
1.30e-03
2.00e-01
NSSS = 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey; Reference for NSSS data: EPA, 1996. HHB = Human health benchmark. RfD = Reference dose, mg/kg/day. PAD =
Population adjusted dose, mg/kg/day. OSF = Oral slope factor, cancer risk per mg/kg/day. Dose for E-5 = Dose for a cancer risk of E-5, mg/kg/day. OCD = Oral
critical dose, mg/kg/day = the smaller of the RfD, PAD or dose for E-5. NA = Not available. * RfD and OCD for Mn from food = 1.40E-1 mg/kg/day.
-66-
-------
Table 10B: Inhalation Human Health Benchmarks for Candidate
Chemicals for Exposure and Hazard Screening
Chemical
Acetone; 2-Propanone
Acetophenone
Anthracene
Azinphos methyl**
Barium
Benzoic acid
Beryllium
Biphenyl, 1,1-
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Carbon disulfide
Chloroaniline, 4-; p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride
Chlorobenzilate
Chlorpyrifos**
Cresol, o-; 2-Methylphenol
Diazinon**
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride
Dioxane, 1,4-
Endrin
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl
phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox
Fluoranthene
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
Isobutyl alcohol
Manganese (from drinking water) *
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK);
Methyl-2-pentanone, 4-
Naled**
Nitrate (as nitrate-nitrogen)
Nitrite (as nitrate-nitrogen)
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Phenol
Pyrene
Silver
CASRN
67-64-1
98862
l..i22i2Z..j
. 86500 .
7440393
65-85-0
7440-41-7
. 92524 .
85687
i.-Zh1.5.-.0...,
106478
. 108907 .
510156
^ 2921882 j
i..2^.8.-Z..j
L..^341_5_
156-60-5
75-09-2
i..1.23:9.!:1...,
72208
2104645
206440
. 319846 .
319857
78-83-1
7439965
78-93-3
108101
300765
14797558
14797-65-0
86306
108952
129000
7440224
% detect NSSS 95th
1989 perc. Concn
NSSS mg/kg
58 _• 116.00
2J 32.90
2J......32.90J
2- 0.31
100! 1730.00
4J 167.00
224 .8.-OO.I
14 33.30J
94......32.9.0.,
JO.! .3...13,
5J......3.3..30J
24 3-lSj
I! .O.lOj
34 0.16,
.6i......4.2..8.°J
2! .0.15
lj .2.94.
42J 31.30
2J .3..13J
6J .0-04
•
24 0.12J
.54......3.2.9.°J
24 0.02^,
64 .0.-04.,
34 3.13
100! 1620.00
34J 69.30^
•
24 is.eOj
2J .0.-84J
•
•
95! 5020.00
83_j 462.00
I!......6.5..8.0.,
3.44......5.7..5.°J
.54......33.°.°J
84J 128.00
IRIS/ OPP
Chronic
HHB&
Year
IRIS 03
IRIS 91
IRIS 91
OPP 01 .
IRIS 99
IRIS 91
IRIS 98
IRIS 91 .
IRIS 89
IRIS 95
IRIS 88
IRIS 90 .
IRIS 89
OPP 01 .
IRIS 92
OPP 02
IRIS 88
IRIS 91 .
IRIS 88
IRIS 89
IRIS 87 .
IRIS 90
IRIS 91 .
IRIS 91
IRIS 87 .
IRIS 95
IRIS 03 .
IRIS 03 .
OPP 02
IRIS 91
IRIS 87
IRIS 87
IRIS 02
IRIS 91
IRIS 91
OCD
9.00e-01
l.OOe-01
3.00e-01
1.49e-03.
7.00e-02
4.00e+00
2.00e-03
5.00e-02J
2.00e-01
l.OOe-01
4.00e-03
2.00e-02J
2.00e-02
S.OOe-OSj
5.00e-02
2.00e-04
2.00e-02
1.33e-03.
9.09e-04
3.00e-04
l.OOe-05.
4.00e-02
1.59e-06.
5.56e-06
3.00e-01.
4.67e-02
6.00e-01.
NA
2.00e-03
1.60e+00
l.OOe-01
2.04e-03
3.00e-01
3.00e-02
5.00e-03
RfC
. 2.20e-03J
2.00e-05
7.00e-01
. 5.00e-05J
6.00e-05
5.00e-05
. S.OOe+OOj
. 3.00e+00J
4.00e-04
i i
AUR
2.40e-06
4.70e-04
. 1.80e+00.
5.30e-01
1 1
Concn
for E-5
4.00e-06
2.00e-02
6.00e-06J
2.00e-05
1
cc
. 2.20e-03
4.00e-06
7.00e-01
. 5.00e-05
6.00e-05
2.00e-02
. 6.00e-06
2.00e-05
5.00e-05
. 5.00e+00
3.00e+00
4.00e-04
L
-67-
-------
Chemical
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid,
2-2,4,5-; Silvex
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-;
2,4,5-T j
Trifluralin
Xylenes (mixture)
CASRN
L..Zh6.9.-.4..J
L..^:7.i-.i..j
i...9.3.l6.5...j
1582098
1330207
% detect
1989
NSSS
5j
.15j
2_9j
3,
4
NSSS 95th
perc. Concn
ing/kg
.3-47
.0-04
.0.05.,
.9...16,
6.18
IRIS/ OPP
Chronic
HHB&
Year
IRIS 87
IRIS 88
IRIS 88 j
OPP 95
IRIS 03
OCD
3.00e-01
8.00e-03.
l.OOe-t^j
1.30e-03
2.00e-01
RfC
l.OOe-01
AUR
Concn
for E-5
cc
l.OOe-01
NSSS = 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey; Reference for NSSS data: EPA, 1996. OCD = Oral critical dose, mg/kg/day = the smaller of the reference dose
(RfD), population adjusted dose (PAD) or dose for a cancer risk of E-5 (derived in Table 10.A.). RfC = Reference concentration, mg/m3. AUR = Air unit risk =
cancer risk per mg/m3. Concn for E-5 = Air concentration for a risk of E-5, mg/m3. CC = Critical concentration, mg/m3 = the smaller of the RfC and concentration
for E-5. * Manganese is more bioavailable from drinking water; RfD and OCD for Mn from food = 1.40E-1 mg/kg/day. ** OPP-derived inhalation human health
benchmarks (OPP, 2003). NA = not available.
-68-
-------
Table 11: Prioritization of Chemicals with Ongoing Health Assessments
and IRIS or OPP Oral Human Health Benchmarks
Chemical
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-
Benzo(a)pyrene
PCBs; Aroclor (mixture)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate;
DEHP
Thallium
Aroclor 1254
Antimony and compounds
Carbon tetrachloride;
Tetrachloromethane
Fluoride
Decabromodiphenyl ether
Naphthalene
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Toluene
Dimethoate
Dibutyl phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene;
Perchloroethylene
Chloroform
Styrene
Ethylbenzene
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
2,4-; 2,4-D
Boron
CASRN
106-46-7
...5.°.32L.H
1336-36-3
..HZ.8.1.7...
7440280
11097691
7440360
..5±23.-.5...
16984488
1163195
91203
32534819
108883
605 1 5
84742
127184
67663
100-42-5
100414
7440428
Lit. or
NSSS
Avg
Concn
mg/kg
9.72 j
9.74 j
2.12|
55.60
5.20 j
0.50J
6.47 1
0.97
126.00
4.89 j
9.69 j
0.72 j
41.30J
0.06 j
0.99
0.99 j
12.10J
j
Ongoing
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
NRC
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
OPP
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
IRIS
•
•
0.01 ! OPP
0.03! IRIS
RfD
2.0e-02
8.0e-05
2.0e-05
4.0e-04
7.0e-04
1.2e-01
l.Oe-02
2.0e-02
2.0e-03
2.0e-01
5.0e-04
l.Oe-01
l.Oe-02
l.Oe-02
2.0e-01
l.Oe-01
5.0e-03
9.0e-02
PAD
OSF
j7.3.e.:°..°H
! 2.0e+00
Ij
l.l.3f;0i.
5.0e-04!
Dose
for E-5
1.4e-06
5.0e-06
7.1e-04
7.6e-05
OCD
NA
1.4e-06
5.0e-06
7.1e-04
8.0e-05
2.0e-05
4.0e-04
7.6e-05
1.2e-01
l.Oe-02
2.0e-02
2.0e-03
2.0e-01
5.0e-04
l.Oe-01
l.Oe-02
l.Oe-02
2.0e-01
l.Oe-01
5.0e-03
9.0e-02
TADI
THQ =
TADI/OCD
NA! NA
8.2e-0l! 605995.5
1.8e-0l! 35876.9
4.7e+00! 6589.1
4.4e-0l! 5500.0
4.2e-02! 2119.6
5.5e-0l! 1368.7
8.2e-02! 1078.8
l.le+Ol! 88.8
4.1e-0l! 41.4
8.2e-0l! 41.0
6.1e-02! 30.7
3.5e+00! 17.5
5.3e-03! 10.6
9.5e-0l! 9.5
8.4e-02! 8.4
8.3e-02! 8.3
l.Oe+OO! 5.1
8.4e-02! 0.8
8.5e-04! 0.2
2.9e-03! 0.0
Lit. or NSSS Avg Concn, mg/kg = Average concentration from the 1990-2002 literature search or the 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey
(EPA, 1996). Ongoing = Ongoing health assessment by IRIS, OPP or NRC (review of fluoride toxicological data requested by EPA/OW). RfD =
Reference dose, mg/kg/day. PAD = Population adjusted dose, mg/kg/day. OSF = Oral slope factor, risk per mg/kg/day. Dose for E-5 = Dose for
cancer risk of E-5. OCD = Oral critical dose = The smaller of the RfD, PAD and dose for E-5. TADI = Theoretical average daily intake,
mg/kg/day, assumes consumption of 1.1 kg/day of total diet (0.8 kg of food and 0.3 kg of drinking water) containing the average concentration of
the chemical, by a 1-3 year old child weighing 13 kg, i.e. TADI = Cmg x (1.1/13). THQ = Theoretical Hazard Quotient = TADI/OCD; THQ
greater than 75 are High Priority, THQ less than 75 are Low Priority. NA = Not available (oral human health benchmark not available for
1 ,4-dichlorobenzene).
-69-
-------
-70-
-------
Table 12: Theoretical Hazard Quotients for Chemicals
Which Qualified for Exposure and Hazard Screening
Chemical CASRN
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ! 108101
Manganese (from water and soil) * ! 7439965
Silver ! 7440224
Barium ! 7440393
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine ! 86306
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- ! 319846
Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride ! 75-09-2
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphorothioate; EPN; Santox ! 2104645
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- ! 319857
Chloroaniline, 4- ! 106478
Chlorpyrifos ! 2921882
Nitrite ! 14797-65-0
Biphenyl, 1,1- ! 92524
Dioxane, 1,4- ! 123-91-1
Beryllium ! 7440-41-7
Nitrate ! 14797558
Pyrene ! 129000
Cresol, o-; 2-Methylphenol ! 95-48-7
Diazinon ! 333415
Fluoranthene ! 206440
Naled+A23 ! 300765
Azinphos methyl ! 86500
Acetophenone i 98862
Acetone; 2-Propanone i 67-64-1
Phenol ! 108952
Trifluralin ! 1582098
Endrin ! 72208
Chlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride • 108907
Butyl benzyl phthalate ! 85687
Dichloroethene, 1,2 -trans- ! 156-60-5
Methyl ethyl ketone; 2-Butanone ! 78-93-3
Anthracene ! 120127
%
detect
1989
NSSS
2H
.....1°°H
84H
.....1°°H
1H
2
42
2
6H
L
3H
8O
3
1H
2
22
2.5<
5,
6H
2
L
2
2
2
58
34
3H
6H
2
L
IH
34
2,
NSSS Avg
Concn,
mg/kg TADI
10.20! 8.63e-0l!
538.00! 4.55e+01
48.20 ! 4.08e+00
673.00! 5.69e+01
19.40 ! 1.64e+00
0.01 ! 1.10e-03
8.56! 7.24e-01
0.06! 5.33e-03
0.01 ! 1.18e-03
9.84! 8.33e-01
0.06 ! 5.50e-03
201.00! 1.70e+01
68.70! 5.81e+00
0.99! 8.35e-02
1.84! 1.56e-01
1420.00! 1.20e+02
9.95! 8.42e-01
16.50! 1.40e+00
0.06! 5.42e-03
9.95! 8.42e-01
0.42! 3.59e-02J
0.16! 1.34e-02J
9.72J 8.22e-0lj
64.30! 5.44e+OOJ
19.70 ! 1.67e+OOJ
0.07! 5.58e-03J
0.02! 1.27e-03J
l.OOJ 8.42e-02J
9.86J 8.34e-0l!
0.98J 8.25e-02J
25. 50J 2.16e+OOJ
9.74J 8.24e-0l!
THQ =
OCD TADI/OCD
NA! NA
4.67e-02! 975.6
5.00e-03! 815.7
7.00e-02! 813.5
2.04e-03 ! 804.7
1.59e-06! 693.1
1.33e-03! 544.6
l.OOe-05! 533.1
5.56e-06! 213.3
4.00e-03! 208.2
3.00e-05! 183.3
l.OOe-Ol! 170.1
5.00e-02! 116.3
9.09e-04! 91.9
2.00e-03! 77.8
1.60e+00! 75.1
3.00e-02! 28.1
5.00e-02! 27.9
2.00e-04! 27.1
4.00e-02! 21.0
2.00e-03! 17.9
1.49e-03! 9.0
l.OOe-Ol! 8.2
9.00e-0l! 6.0
3.00e-0l! 5.6
1.30e-03! 4.3
3.00e-04! 4.2
2.00e-02! 4.2
2.00e-0lj 4.2
2.00e-02_j 4.1
6.00e-0l! 3.6
3.00e-0lj 2.7
-71-
-------
detect
1989
Chemical CASRN NSSS
Benzoic acid 65-85-0 4 1
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 10 !
Xylenes (mixture) 1330207 3!
Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 5 1
Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1 3 !
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-; 2,4,5-T 93765 29 •
Chlorobenzilate 510156 1\
Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid, 2-2,4,5-; Silvex 93-72-1 15 j
NSSS Avg
Concn,
mg/kg TADI OCD
53.10! 4.49e+00! 4.00e+00
l.OSi 9.14e-02! l.OOe-01
0.97! 8.21e-02! 2.00e-01
l.OOi 8.46e-02! 3.00e-01
0.97! 8.18e-02! 3.00e-01
0.02! 1.78e-03i l.OOe-02
0.03! 2.54e-03! 2.00e-02
0.01 ! 9.31e-04! 8.00e-03
THQ =
TADI/OCD
].l
0.9
0.4
£3
£3
P.2
P.!,
0.1
Avg Concn NSSS = Average concentration from the 1989 National Sewage Sludge Survey (EPA, 1996). TADI = Theoretical average
daily intake, mg/kg/day, assumes consumption of 1.1 kg/day of total diet (0.8 kg of food and 0.3 kg of drinking water) containing the
average concentration of the chemical, by a 1-3 year old child weighing 13 kg, i.e. TADI = C!lvgx(l.l/13). OCD = Oral critical dose,
mg/kg/day = the smaller of the reference dose, population adjusted dose, or dose for a cancer risk of E-5. THQ = Theoretical Hazard
Quotient = TADI/OCD. NA = Not applicable. *Manganese: OCD for Mn from food =
1 .40E-01 . Chemicals failing the refined
probabilistic oral exposure model are barium, beryllium, 4-chloroaniline, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and silver. As shown in this table, these
chemicals have THQs equal to or greater than 75 using the TADI approach.
-72-
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
-------
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Pl.O Introduction
Ecological benchmarks used in the screening analysis are presented in Tables P-l
through P-45. To assess the potential for ecological risks from agricultural application of
sewage sludge, the direct contact and ingestion pathways were assessed. For the direct contact
exposure pathway, species assemblages (or communities) were assessed in soil, sediment, and
surface water, where they were assumed to be exposed through direct contact with the
contaminated medium. For the ingestion pathway, mammals and birds were assumed to ingest
contaminated food and prey from the agricultural fields and the farm pond.
The screening criteria for ecological receptors are benchmarks expressed in terms of
media concentration (e.g., mg/L for surface water, mg/kg for soil) for the direct contact pathway
and in terms of dose (mg/kg-d) for the ingestion pathway. Because there is no single repository
for approved ecological benchmarks analogous to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
used for human health benchmarks, ecological benchmarks were derived from various EPA and
other government reports, and from toxicological studies in the open literature.
Data quality objectives established to select benchmarks for use in the screening analysis
included the following for ingestion benchmarks:
• Study should include test species, test species body weight, and study duration;
• Route of administration should be oral, not intraperitoneal injection; and
• Acceptable data sources include EPA, primary literature, or major publications.
For studies that met these three primary criteria, the lowest benchmark for ingestion
exposures for each chemical/receptor combination was selected using a simple hierarchy:
1. Endpoints relevant to population-level impacts (e.g., reproductive fitness,
mortality) were preferred over other endpoints (e.g., neurological effects).
2. Studies with exposure durations that were multigenerational or could be
considered chronic or subchronic were preferred over studies conducted with
arntp pvnnsnrp durations
LU1131UC1CU L111U111L Ul 3UL
acute exposure durations.
For direct contact benchmarks, environmental quality criteria were identified in existing
EPA sources (e.g., national ambient water quality criteria) and other reputable sources of
information, such as studies conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratories or published by
the Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCME).
P-3
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
Tables P-l through P-45 present the measurement endpoint, the study duration, and the
reference for each benchmark used in the analysis. Benchmarks taken from the toxicological
database provided by EPA's Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) (U.S. EPA, 2003)
include lethal endpoints (e.g., LC50 values). Risk results based on benchmarks based on lethality
should be interpreted with caution because the impact on species populations associated with
hazard quotients (HQs) that are below 1 may be severe. For example, an HQ of 0.1 that is based
on an LC50 value may result in lethality to a significant percentage of the population (e.g.,
10 percent). This result may be of much greater ecological significance than an HQ of 1.0 that is
based on a low observed adverse effects level (LOAEL) for a reduction in reproductive fitness,
which may only affect a small percentage of the population (see Section 3.0 for additional
discussion).
P2.0 Ingestion Pathway Benchmarks
• Assessment Endpoint: maintain viable mammalian and avion wildlife
populations. The attribute to be protected was the reproductive and
developmental success of representative species.
• Measure of Effect: a de minimis threshold for developmental and reproductive
toxicity in mammalian and avion wildlife species. The threshold was calculated
as the geometric mean of the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) and
LOAEL, frequently referred to as the maximum acceptable toxicant level
(MATL). Implicit in this calculation is the assumption that the toxicological
sensitivity is lognormal1.
For mammals and birds, ecotoxicological data were evaluated to determine the most
appropriate study with which to develop ecological benchmarks (in units of dose) to infer risk to
the population level. Once the benchmark study was identified, a scaled benchmark was
calculated for each receptor species. This method used an allometric scaling equation based on
body weight to extrapolate test species doses to estimate wildlife species doses. For mammals, a
scaling factor of 1/4 was used (Equation P-l). This is the default methodology EPA proposes for
carcinogenicity assessments and reportable quantity documents to adjust animal data to an
equivalent human dose (U.S. EPA, 1992).
For birds, research suggests that the cross-species scaling equation used for mammals is
not appropriate (Mineau et al., 1996). Using a database that characterized acute toxicity of
pesticides to avian receptors of various body weights, Mineau et al. (1996) concluded that
applying mammalian scaling equations may not sufficiently predict protective doses for avian
species. Mineau et al. further suggested that a scaling factor of 1 provided a better dose estimate
for birds. Therefore, a scaling factor of 1 was applied for avian receptors (Equation P-2).
For benchmarks taken from the EFED database (U.S. EPA, 2003), sufficient data for calculating a MATL
were not always available. In these cases, the reported effects concentration (e.g., LC50, EC50) was used as the
benchmark. Tables P-l through P-45 indicate the type of endpoint for each benchmark.
P~4
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
EBw = MATLt
bwt
bw...
1/4
(P-l)
. bw.
EBw = MATLt x
bw..
(P-2)
where
EBW
MAIL,
bw,
bww
scaled ecological benchmark for species w (mg/kg-d)
maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (mg/kg-d)
body weight of the surrogate test species (kg)
body weight of the representative wildlife species (kg).
P3.0 Direct Pathway Benchmarks
For the direct contact pathway, receptors and their respective benchmarks were selected
by environmental medium (soil, surface water, and sediment). Benchmarks relevant to each
medium are described below.
P3.1 Soil
• Receptor: soil invertebrates
• Assessment Endpoint: maintain sustainable community structure and function.
The attributes to be protected were growth, survival, and reproductive success of
species that represent key functional roles in the community.
• Measure of Effect: concentration in soil based on ecotoxicity studies on
endpoints that include lethality, fecundity, growth, and survival. The benchmarks
for the soil community were typically derived at a 95 percent protection level
using both no effects and low effects data, as appropriate.
Benchmarks for soil invertebrates were identified for metals and organics in Efroymson et al.
(1997a) and in CCME (2002). Efroymson et al. (1997a) provide benchmarks for earthworms
based on lowest observed effects concentrations (LOECs).
P3.2 Surface Water
• Receptors: aquatic community, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, fish, and
amphibians
P-5
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
• Assessment Endpoint: maintain sustainable community structure and function.
The attributes to be protected were growth, survival, and reproductive success of
species that represent key functional roles in the community.
• Measure of Effect: concentration in surface water based on ecotoxicity studies on
endpoints that include lethality, fecundity, growth, and survival. The benchmarks
for the freshwater community were typically derived at a 95 percent protection
level using both no effects and low effects data, as appropriate. When available,
the Ambient Water Quality Criteria for chronic effects (U.S. EPA, 2002) were
chosen as the freshwater chemical stressor concentration limits (CSCLs).
The receptors addressed in surface water reflect varying levels of organization. The
aquatic community is understood to refer to all biota, both flora and fauna, living in the water
column. Benchmarks for this receptor, such as the National Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
aquatic life (U.S. EPA, 2002) are derived to protect the surface water community in general.
Alternatively, benchmarks for aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, fish, and amphibians are
derived based on studies specific to the particular taxon. The information in Tables P-l though
P-45 includes the target receptor for each benchmark. Risk results should be interpreted in light
of each particular receptor taxon.
P3.3 Sediment
• Receptor: sediment invertebrates
• Assessment Endpoint: maintain sustainable community structure and function.
The attributes of the benthic community to be protected included the growth,
survival, and reproductive success of benthic biota.
• Measure of Effect: concentration in sediment based on ecotoxicity studies on
endpoints that include lethality, fecundity, growth, and survival. The benchmarks
for the sediment community were typically derived at a 95 percent protection
level using both no effects and low effects data.
Sediment invertebrate benchmarks were identified from the CCME (2002) and Jones et
al. (1997). The CCME document provides recommended sediment guidelines based on
measured sediment and benthos concentrations. The Jones et al. (1997) document provides
benchmarks estimated using EPA's equilibrium partitioning (EqP) equation (U.S. EPA, 1993).
The EqP equation uses the partitioning relationship between sediment and surface water to
predict a protective concentration for the benthic community. This method is appropriate only
for nonionic organic constituents and requires the use of a relevant water quality criterion as its
basis.
P-6
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-l. Ecological Benchmarks for Acetone ( 67-64-1)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants ChV, P
Fish ChV, P
5.10E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
9.04E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
4.57E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.63E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
3.82E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
5.58E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
4.52E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.72E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.78E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
3.80E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.11E+02 21 days Sample et al., 1996
1.18E+02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
5.96E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
8.70E-03 365 days Jones et al., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
1.50E+00 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
ChV, P 1.10E+02 365 days ECOTOX
8.30E+01 365 days ECOTOX
5.60E+02 365 days ECOTOX
Table P-2. Ecological Benchmarks for Acetophenone ( 98-86-2)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
ChV,P 9.50E+00 365 days ECOTOX
ChV, P 1.10E+01 365 days ECOTOX
P-7
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Fish
ChV, P 2.60E+01 365 days ECOTOX
Table P-3. Ecological Benchmarks for Anthracene ( 120-12-7)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community
SCV 2.20E-01 365 days Jones et al., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
SCV 7.30E-04 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-4. Ecological Benchmarks for Azinphos Methyl ( 86-50-0)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Amphibians
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Fish
Receptor
MATL 4.15E+00 4 days ECOTOX
LOEC 2.00E-04 21 days ECOTOX
MATC 2.40E-05 21 days ECOTOX
Table P-5. Ecological Benchmarks for Barium and Compounds ( 7440-39-3)
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
American Kestrel Reproductive success
American Robin Reproductive success
American
Woodcock
Reproductive success
Belted Kingfisher Reproductive success
Canada Goose Reproductive success
Great Blue Heron Reproductive success
Green Heron Reproductive success
Mallard Duck Reproductive success
Northern Bobwhite Reproductive success
Tree Swallow Reproductive success
Western Reproductive success
Meadowlark
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATC 3.00E+01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
P-8
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota Growth, reproductive success, and TEC 5.00E+02 365 days CCME, 2002
mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 4.00E-03 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-6. Ecological Benchmarks for Benzoic Acid ( 65-85-0)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 4.20E-02 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-7. Ecological Benchmarks for Beryllium and Compounds ( 7440-41-7)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 6.60E-04 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-8. Ecological Benchmarks for Biphenyl, 1,1- ( 92-52-4)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 1.10E+00 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Table P-9. Ecological Benchmarks for Butyl Benzyl Phthalate ( 85-68-7)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 1.10E+01 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 1.90E-02 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
P-9
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-10. Ecological Benchmarks for Carbon Disulfide ( 75-15-0)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 8.50E-04 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 9.20E-04 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-ll. Ecological Benchmarks for Chloroaniline, 4- (106-47-8)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic REP NOEC l.OOE-02 21 days ECOTOX
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants MOR ChV, P 3.80E+00 365 days ECOTOX
Fish GRO NOEC 2.00E-01 21 days ECOTOX
Table P-12. Ecological Benchmarks for Chlorobenzene (108-90-7)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 4.10E-01 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg^soil)
Soil Biota Mortality ER-L 4.00E+01 10 days Efroymsonetal., 1997a
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 6.40E-02 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-13. Ecological Benchmarks for Chlorobenzilate ( 510-15-6)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic ChV, P 2.00E-01 365 days ECOTOX
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants ChV, P 1.80E-01 365 days ECOTOX
Fish ChV, P 6.00E-02 365 days ECOTOX
P-10
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-14. Ecological Benchmarks for Chlorpyrifos ( 2921-88-2)
Receptor Effects
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Endpoint
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
LD-50
Value
3.45E+01
6.10E+01
3.09E+02
1.10E+02
2.58E+02
3.77E+02
3.05E+02
1.16E+02
1.20E+02
2.57E+02
7.52E+01
7.96E+01
4.02E+01
ED
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
Reference
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
Water concentration benchmark (mg^chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community CCC
Aquatic LC-50
Invertebrates
Fish LC-50
4.10E-05 365 days EPA Nov. 2002
5.00E-05 4 days
U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
5.80E-03 4 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
P-ll
-------
Appendix P Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-15. Ecological Benchmarks for Diazinon ( 333-41-5)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 2.00E-03 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 4.30E-05 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Fish LC-50 1.36E-01 4 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
Table P-16. Ecological Benchmarks for Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans- (156-60-5)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 4.00E-01 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota Growth, reproductive success, and TEC l.OOE-01 365 days CCME, 2002
mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community SCV 5.90E-01 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-17. Ecological Benchmarks for Dichloromethane ( 75-09-2)
Receptor Effects Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV 3.70E-01 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota Growth, reproductive success, and TEC l.OOE-01 365 days CCME, 2002
mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community Growth and reproductive success LOEL 9.81E-02 365 days CCME, 2002
P-12
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-18. Ecological Benchmarks for Dioxane, 1,4- ( 123-91-1)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint
Value
ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Receptor
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Table
Effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
effects
P-19. Ecological
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
5
5
1
3
3
1
Benchmarks for
Endpoint
.61E-01
.86E-01
.45E+00
.17E-01
.21E+00
.77E+00
.43E+00
.45E-01
.63E-01
.20E+00
.52E-01
.73E-01
.88E-01
Endrin (
Value
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
365 days
72-20-8)
ED
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
American Kestrel
American Robin
American
Woodcock
Belted Kingfisher
Black Bear
Canada Goose
Coopers Hawk
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
success
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
6
3
1
3
3
.16E-02
.16E-02
.16E-02
.16E-02
.59E-02
.16E-02
.16E-02
.36E-02
.22E-01
.15E-01
.16E-02
.16E-02
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
21 days
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
et
et
et
al.,
al.,
al.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
et
al.,
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
P-13
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Least Weasel Reproductive success
Little Brown Bat Reproductive success
Mallard Duck
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Northern Bobwhite Reproductive success
Prairie Vole Reproductive success
Raccoon Reproductive success
Red Fox Reproductive success
Red-Tailed Hawk Reproductive success
Tree Swallow Reproductive success
Western Reproductive success
Meadowlark
White-Tailed Deer Reproductive success
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_DW sediment)
Sediment Biota Growth and reproductive success TEL
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Amphibians LC-50
MATL 2.69E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.93E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.16E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.18E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.21E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.25E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.16E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 2.67E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 7.84E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 8.30E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.16E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.16E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.16E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 4.19E-02 21 days Sample etal., 1996
Aquatic Community
CCC
2.67E-03 365 days CCME, 2002
2.00E-03 4 days CalEPA, 2003
(Cal/Ecotox).
Http://www.oehha.org/cal_
ecotox/reports.htm
3.60E-05 365 days EPA Nov. 2002
Table P-20. Ecological Benchmarks for Fluoranthene ( 206-44-0)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota Growth and reproductive success TEL
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community LOEL
1.11E-01 365 days CCME, 2002
4.00E-05 365 days CCME, 2002
P-14
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Table P-21. Ecological Benchmarks for Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- ( 319-84-6)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
REP
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Fish
EC50
l.OOE-01 21 days ECOTOX
MOR LC25 9.00E-01 21 days ECOTOX
Table P-22. Ecological Benchmarks for Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- ( 319-85-7)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear Growth
Coyote Growth
Deer Mouse Growth
Eastern Cottontail Growth
Least Weasel Growth
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
Growth
Growth
Growth
Growth
Growth
Growth
Growth
White-Tailed Deer Growth
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV
2.04E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
3.61E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.83E+00 21 days Sample etal., 1996
6.54E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.53E+00 21 days Sample etal., 1996
2.23E+00 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.81E+00 21 days Sample et al., 1996
6.89E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
7.12E-01 21 days Sample et al., 1996
1.52E+00 21 days Sample etal., 1996
4.45E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
4.72E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
2.38E-01 21 days Sample etal., 1996
1.20E-01 365 days Jones etal., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Table P-23. Ecological Benchmarks for Manganese ( 7439-96-5)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
American Kestrel Growth and behavioral effects
American Robin Growth and behavioral effects
American Growth and behavioral effects
Woodcock
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
P-15
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Belted Kingfisher Growth and behavioral effects
Black Bear Reproductive success
Canada Goose Growth and behavioral effects
Coyote Reproductive success
Deer Mouse Reproductive success
Eastern Cottontail Reproductive success
Great Blue Heron Growth and behavioral effects
Green Heron
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Mallard Duck
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Growth and behavioral effects
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Growth and behavioral effects
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Northern Bobwhite Growth and behavioral effects
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
Tree Swallow
Western
Meadowlark
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Growth and behavioral effects
Growth and behavioral effects
White-Tailed Deer Reproductive success
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota Respiration
Water concentration benchmark (mg^chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.61E+01 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 6.38E+01 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.23E+02 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 1.15E+02 365 days Sample et al., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 2.70E+02 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 3.95E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.19E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.22E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.26E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 2.68E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 7.87E+01 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 8.33E+01 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
NOAEL 9.77E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 4.21E+01 365 days Sample etal., 1996
ER-L l.OOE+02 21 days Efroymson et al., 1997a
SCV 1.20E-01 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
Table P-24. Ecological Benchmarks for Methyl ethyl ketone ( 78-93-3)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear Reproductive success
Coyote Reproductive success
MATL 6.50E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.15E+03 365 days Sample et al., 1996
P-16
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
success MATL
5
2
4
7
5
2
.82E+03
.08E+03
.86E+03
.11E+03
.75E+03
.19E+03
2.26E+03
4
1
1
7
.83E+03
.42E+03
.50E+03
.58E+02
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
Sample etal., 1996
Sample etal., 1996
Sample et al., 1996
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
Sample et
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
al., 1996
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota
SCV
2
.70E-01
365
days
Jones et al
., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
Water concentration
Aquatic Community
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Receptor
benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Table
Effects
SCV
ChV,P
ChV,P
ChV,P
1
5
4
2
P-25. Ecological Benchmarks for
Endpoint
.40E+01
.20E+01
.50E+01
.20E+02
Naled (
Value
365
365
365
365
mg_
days
days
days
Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
ECOTOX
ECOTOX
ECOTOX
300-76-5)
ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
LD-50 1.74E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 3.08E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 1.56E+03 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 5.58E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 1.30E+03 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
P-17
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Plants
Fish
LD-50 1.90E+03 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 1.54E+03 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 5.88E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 6.07E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 1.30E+03 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 3.80E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 4.02E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LD-50 2.03E+02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
EC-50 2.00E-02 4 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LOEC 1.50E-02 21 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
Table P-26. Ecological Benchmarks for Nitrosodiphenylamine, N- ( 86-30-6)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg^soil)
Soil Biota
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community
Aquatic MOR
Invertebrates
TEC
2.00E+01 21 days Ecotox
Aquatic Plants
Fish
MOR
SCV 2.10E-01 365 days ECOTOX
ChV,P 9.00E-02 365 days ECOTOX
ChV, P 7.00E-01 365 days ECOTOX
ChV, P l.OOE+00 365 days ECOTOX
Table P-27. Ecological Benchmarks for Phenol (108-95-2)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota SCV
3.10E-02 365 days Jones et al., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
P-18
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota Mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic
Invertebrates
ER-L 3.00E+01 10 days Efroymsonetal., 1997a
CVhV,P 3.00E+00 365 days ECOTOX
Aquatic Plants
Fish
ChV,P 9.70E+00 365 days ECOTOX
ChV,P 1.90E-01 365 days ECOTOX
Table P-28. Ecological Benchmarks for Pyrene (129-00-0)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED Reference
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota Growth and reproductive success TEL
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota
Growth, reproductive success, and TEC
mortality
5.30E-02 365 days CCME, 2002
l.OOE-01 365 days CCME, 2002
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community LOEL 2.50E-05 365 days CCME 2000
Table P-29. Ecological Benchmarks for Silver and Compounds ( 7440-22-4)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota
Growth, reproductive success, and
mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community Growth and reproductive success
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Fish
Receptor
TEC 2.00E+01 365 days CCME, 2002
LOEL l.OOE-04 365 days CCME, 2002
EC-50 9.20E-03 1 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
LC-50 3.62E-02 4 days U.S. EPA, 2003. EFED
database submitted to RTI.
Table P-30. Ecological Benchmarks for Total Nitrate Nitrogen (14797-55-8)
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear Reproductive success
Coyote Reproductive success
Deer Mouse Reproductive success
MATL 2.16E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 3.83E+02 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 1.94E+03 365 days Sample et al., 1996
P-19
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Meadow Vole
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Table P
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
Reproductive success
MATL 6.93E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.62E+03 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 2.37E+03 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 1.91E+03 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 7.30E+02 365 days Sample et al., 1996
MATL 7.54E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 1.61E+03 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 4.72E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 5.00E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
MATL 2.53E+02 365 days Sample etal., 1996
-31. Ecological Benchmarks for Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5- ( 93-76-5)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
MOR
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Fish
Receptor
LC50
5.00E+00 4 days ECOTOX
MOR LC50 1.50E-01 4 days ECOTOX
Table P-32. Ecological Benchmarks for Trifluralin (1582-09-8)
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
MATC 4.80E-03 365 days ECOTOX
EC50 4.35E-02
Table P-33. Ecological Benchmarks for Xylenes (
21 days ECOTOX
1330-20-7)
Receptor
Effects
Endpoint Value ED
Reference
Dose benchmark (mg_chem/kg_BW/day)
Black Bear Reproductive success
Coyote Reproductive success
Deer Mouse Reproductive success
Eastern Cottontail Reproductive success
Least Weasel Reproductive success
Little Brown Bat Reproductive success
Meadow Vole Reproductive success
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
2.89E-01
5.11E-01
2.59E+00
9.24E-01
2.16E+00
3.16E+00
2.55E+00
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
4 days Sample et al., 1996
P-20
-------
Appendix P
Ecological Benchmarks
Mink
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Red Fox
White-Tailed Deer
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
Reproductive
success
success
success
success
success
success
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
MATL
9
1
2.
6
6
3
.74E-01
.01E+00
.15E+00
.30E-01
.67E-01
.37E-01
4
4
4
4
4
4
days
days
days
days
days
days
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
etal.,
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
1996
Sediment concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_sediment)
Sediment Biota
Soil concentration benchmark (mg_chem/kg_soil)
Soil Biota
Growth, reproductive success, and
mortality
Water concentration benchmark (mg_chem/L_water)
Aquatic Community
SCV 1.60E-01 365 days Jones et al., 1997; U.S.
EPA, 1993
TEC l.OOE-01 365 days CCME, 2002
SCV 1.30E-02 365 days Calculated by Suter and
Tsao 1996, following
methods in EPA 1995.
P-21
-------
Appendix Q
Detailed Human Health Results
-------
-------
Appendix Q-A Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Appendix Q
Attachment A:
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
-------
Appendix Q-A Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.84E-03
1.19E-02
2.47E-02
3.53E-02
6.49E-02
5.38E-03
1.32E-02
2.75E-02
3.92E-02
7.22E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.03E-02
2.70E-02
5.69E-02
8.51E-02
1.66E-01
1.14E-02
2.99E-02
6.32E-02
9.45E-02
1.84E-01
Q-A-3
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.75E-03
5.17E-03
8.52E-03
1.09E-02
1.61E-02
2.75E-02
5.17E-02
8.52E-02
1.09E-01
1.61E-01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
5.92E-03
1.22E-02
2.00E-02
2.62E-02
4.14E-02
5.92E-02
1.22E-01
2.00E-01
2.62E-01
4.14E-01
Q-A-4
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.78E-06
5.95E-06
9.15E-06
1.15E-05
1.84E-05
1.26E-05
1.98E-05
3.05E-05
3.85E-05
6.12E-05
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
8.71E-06
1.38E-05
2.10E-05
2.80E-05
4.43E-05
2.90E-05
4.60E-05
7.01E-05
9.33E-05
1.48E-04
Q-A-5
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.80E-07
9.81E-07
1.51E-06
1.92E-06
2.95E-06
1.31E-06
2.24E-06
3.52E-06
4.61E-06
7.85E-06
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
3.29E-08
5.31E-08
7.91E-08
1.01E-07
1.62E-07
4.12E-06
1.95E-05
5.26E-05
9.77E-05
2.31E-04
4.12E-06
1.95E-05
5.26E-05
9.77E-05
2.31E-04
3.86E-04
6.54E-04
1.01E-03
1.28E-03
1.97E-03
8.71E-04
1.50E-03
2.35E-03
3.07E-03
5.23E-03
Q-A-6
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.37E-03
2.10E-02
6.77E-02
1.05E-01
1.84E-01
3.38E-02
2.99E-01
9.66E-01
1.50E+00
2.62E+00
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.94E-03
4.69E-02
1.55E-01
2.47E-01
4.58E-01
7.05E-02
6.71E-01
2.21E+00
3.53E+00
6.54E+00
Q-A-7
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Benzole Acid
CAS: 65-85-0
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.78E-02
5.24E-02
8.36E-02
1.07E-01
1.54E-01
6.96E-03
1.31E-02
2.09E-02
2.68E-02
3.86E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
6.13E-02
1.22E-01
1.97E-01
2.59E-01
4.07E-01
1.53E-02
3.04E-02
4.93E-02
6.47E-02
1.02E-01
Q-A-8
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.58E-05
2.12E-04
5.89E-04
8.90E-04
1.71E-03
1.79E-02
1.06E-01
2.94E-01
4.45E-01
8.55E-01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
7.85E-05
4.68E-04
1.41E-03
2.06E-03
3.87E-03
3.93E-02
2.34E-01
7.06E-01
1.03E+00
1.93E+00
Q-A-9
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.59E-06
6.04E-06
9.21E-06
1.22E-05
1.77E-05
7.18E-05
1.21E-04
1.84E-04
2.44E-04
3.53E-04
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
8.05E-06
1.40E-05
2.23E-05
2.86E-05
4.69E-05
1.61E-04
2.79E-04
4.46E-04
5.73E-04
9.39E-04
Q-A-10
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.03E-06
3.08E-06
4.45E-06
5.56E-06
8.04E-06
1.01E-05
1.54E-05
2.22E-05
2.78E-05
4.02E-05
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.67E-06
7.19E-06
1.05E-05
1.35E-05
1.89E-05
2.34E-05
3.60E-05
5.25E-05
6.74E-05
9.44E-05
Q-A-11
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.85E-05
1.15E-04
1.94E-04
2.64E-04
4.31E-04
1.27E-04
2.70E-04
4.53E-04
6.43E-04
1.10E-03
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
1.60E-03
4.04E-03
7.37E-03
1.05E-02
1.97E-02
2.32E-07
1.86E-06
5.09E-06
9.95E-06
2.48E-05
2.32E-07
1.86E-06
5.09E-06
9.95E-06
2.48E-05
5.85E-04
1.15E-03
1.94E-03
2.64E-03
4.31E-03
1.27E-03
2.70E-03
4.53E-03
6.43E-03
1.10E-02
Q-A-12
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.18E-03
5.43E-03
8.61E-03
1.08E-02
1.51E-02
7.94E-01
1.36E+00
2.15E+00
2.71E+00
3.77E+00
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
6.96E-03
1.30E-02
2.02E-02
2.57E-02
3.86E-02
1.74E+00
3.25E+00
5.04E+00
6.42E+00
9.65E+00
Q-A-13
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.54E-05
4.25E-05
6.49E-05
8.28E-05
1.14E-04
1.27E-03
2.12E-03
3.24E-03
4.14E-03
5.69E-03
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
5.67E-05
9.99E-05
1.53E-04
1.91E-04
2.88E-04
2.83E-03
4.99E-03
7.63E-03
9.53E-03
1.44E-02
Q-A-14
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
7.78E-09
1.21E-08
1.73E-08
2.19E-08
3.20E-08
3.89E-07
6.06E-07
8.67E-07
1.09E-06
1.60E-06
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.78E-08
2.79E-08
4.16E-08
5.36E-08
7.62E-08
8.92E-07
1.40E-06
2.08E-06
2.68E-06
3.81E-06
Q-A-15
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.53E-09
3.95E-09
5.69E-09
7.25E-09
1.02E-08
5.81E-09
9.13E-09
1.36E-08
1.77E-08
2.74E-08
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
7.29E-06
1.07E-05
1.51E-05
1.84E-05
2.99E-05
1.52E-07
6.50E-07
1.58E-06
3.10E-06
7.54E-06
1.52E-07
6.50E-07
1.58E-06
3.10E-06
7.54E-06
8.43E-05
1.32E-04
1.90E-04
2.42E-04
3.39E-04
1.94E-04
3.04E-04
4.55E-04
5.91E-04
9.13E-04
Q-A-16
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Cresol, o-
CAS: 95-48-7
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.18E-03
2.30E-03
3.77E-03
4.82E-03
7.22E-03
2.36E-02
4.61E-02
7.54E-02
9.63E-02
1.44E-01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.53E-03
5.35E-03
8.84E-03
1.17E-02
1.84E-02
5.05E-02
1.07E-01
1.77E-01
2.33E-01
3.67E-01
Q-A-17
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.36E-07
2.17E-07
3.37E-07
4.21E-07
6.11E-07
3.05E-07
5.12E-07
7.74E-07
1.01E-06
1.56E-06
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
1.07E-04
1.68E-04
2.46E-04
2.95E-04
4.55E-04
1.38E-06
6.44E-06
1.67E-05
2.59E-05
5.52E-05
1.38E-06
6.44E-06
1.67E-05
2.59E-05
5.52E-05
6.78E-04
1.09E-03
1.68E-03
2.11E-03
3.05E-03
1.52E-03
2.56E-03
3.87E-03
5.06E-03
7.78E-03
Q-A-18
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
CAS: 156-60-5 Endpoint:
Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
6.89E-05
1.42E-04
2.50E-04
3.41E-04
5.65E-04
3.44E-03
7.10E-03
1.25E-02
1.71E-02
2.82E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.51E-04
3.35E-04
5.75E-04
8.23E-04
1.39E-03
7.56E-03
1.68E-02
2.88E-02
4.12E-02
6.94E-02
Q-A-19
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening Hazard
Endpoint: Cancer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Quotients by
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.29E-05
2.86E-05
5.83E-05
8.18E-05
1.57E-04
1.92E-05
4.98E-05
1.11E-04
1.62E-04
3.27E-04
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
6.08E-02
1.65E-01
3.79E-01
6.62E-01
1.91E+00
3.24E-05
1.59E-04
4.59E-04
8.19E-04
2.90E-03
4.18E-05
2.10E-04
6.56E-04
1.18E-03
3.89E-03
9.67E-03
2.14E-02
4.37E-02
6.14E-02
1.18E-01
1.44E-02
3.73E-02
8.30E-02
1.22E-01
2.45E-01
Q-A-20
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Endpoint: Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.36E-05
2.61E-05
4.80E-05
7.30E-05
1.40E-04
1.49E-02
2.87E-02
5.28E-02
8.03E-02
1.53E-01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.90E-05
4.18E-05
6.92E-05
8.96E-05
1.38E-04
2.09E-02
4.59E-02
7.60E-02
9.84E-02
1.52E-01
Q-A-21
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.39E-09
2.08E-09
3.00E-09
3.62E-09
5.29E-09
4.63E-06
6.93E-06
l.OOE-05
1.21E-05
1.76E-05
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.21E-09
4.89E-09
7.02E-09
8.99E-09
1.25E-08
1.07E-05
1.63E-05
2.34E-05
3.00E-05
4.18E-05
Q-A-22
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.18E-08
6.45E-08
9.63E-08
1.21E-07
1.80E-07
4.18E-03
6.45E-03
9.63E-03
1.21E-02
1.80E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
9.48E-08
1.51E-07
2.25E-07
2.95E-07
4.27E-07
9.48E-03
1.51E-02
2.25E-02
2.95E-02
4.27E-02
Q-A-23
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.16E-06
1.75E-06
2.51E-06
3.03E-06
4.49E-06
2.90E-05
4.37E-05
6.29E-05
7.56E-05
1.12E-04
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.68E-06
4.10E-06
5.95E-06
7.53E-06
1.06E-05
6.71E-05
1.03E-04
1.49E-04
1.88E-04
2.65E-04
Q-A-24
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Screening Hazard
Quotients by
Pathway in the Sewage
Sludge Lagoon
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Endpoint: Cancer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.61E-11
1.13E-10
1.80E-10
2.33E-10
4.15E-10
1.21E-10
2.25E-10
3.56E-10
4.59E-10
7.29E-10
Pathway HQ
2.15E-05
4.50E-05
9.57E-05
1.37E-04
2.63E-04
1.74E-06
7.06E-06
1.97E-05
3.47E-05
1.17E-04
1.99E-06
8.24E-06
2.34E-05
4.14E-05
1.36E-04
4.17E-05
7.12E-05
1.14E-04
1.47E-04
2.62E-04
7.59E-05
1.42E-04
2.24E-04
2.89E-04
4.59E-04
Q-A-25
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Screening Hazard
Quotients by
Pathway in the Sewage
Sludge Lagoon
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Endpoint: Cancer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.90E-10
1.18E-09
2.03E-09
2.80E-09
6.09E-09
1.20E-09
2.18E-09
3.51E-09
4.50E-09
6.83E-09
Pathway HQ
5.34E-06
1.08E-05
2.07E-05
3.04E-05
5.16E-05
4.59E-07
1.94E-06
5.23E-06
8.92E-06
2.51E-05
5.97E-07
2.52E-06
6.49E-06
1.14E-05
2.91E-05
1.24E-04
2.13E-04
3.65E-04
5.04E-04
1.10E-03
2.16E-04
3.92E-04
6.33E-04
8.11E-04
1.23E-03
Q-A-26
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Isobutyl Alcohol
CAS: 78-83-1 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.56E-04
6.83E-04
1.14E-03
1.50E-03
2.42E-03
1.19E-03
2.28E-03
3.79E-03
5.01E-03
8.06E-03
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
7.57E-04
1.60E-03
2.72E-03
3.74E-03
6.22E-03
2.52E-03
5.32E-03
9.06E-03
1.25E-02
2.07E-02
Q-A-27
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.80E-01
4.09E-01
9.38E-01
1.52E+00
2.77E+00
3.83E+00
8.70E+00
2.00E+01
3.23E+01
5.89E+01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.97E-01
9.46E-01
2.21E+00
3.59E+00
6.93E+00
8.45E+00
2.01E+01
4.71E+01
7.63E+01
1.47E+02
Q-A-28
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Screening
Hazard Quotients by
Pathway in the Sewage
Sludge Lagoon
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.77E-03
6.94E-03
1.44E-02
2.07E-02
3.79E-02
5.94E-03
1.57E-02
3.31E-02
4.97E-02
9.75E-02
Pathway HQ
1.03E-03
2.48E-03
4.95E-03
7.12E-03
1.24E-02
1.30E-06
1.05E-05
2.97E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
1.30E-06
1.05E-05
2.97E-05
4.98E-05
1.49E-04
4.62E-03
1.15E-02
2.40E-02
3.45E-02
6.33E-02
9.90E-03
2.61E-02
5.51E-02
8.27E-02
1.62E-01
Q-A-29
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
MIBK
CAS: 108-10-1
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
1.47E-03
2.94E-03
5.08E-03
6.61E-03
1.07E-02
3.03E-07
2.15E-06
6.44E-06
1.02E-05
2.63E-05
3.03E-07
2.15E-06
6.44E-06
1.02E-05
2.63E-05
Q-A-30
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
50
75
75
90
90
95
95
99
99
50
50
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.48E-07
3.48E-07
5.83E-07
5.83E-07
9.22E-07
9.21E-07
1.28E-06
1.28E-06
2.13E-06
2.13E-06
7.91E-07
7.91E-07
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
3.33E-06
5.41E-06
8.47E-06
1.11E-05
2.13E-05
4.24E-09
3.08E-08
8.49E-08
1.39E-07
3.12E-07
4.24E-09
3.08E-08
8.49E-08
1.39E-07
3.12E-07
1.74E-04
1.74E-04
2.92E-04
2.91E-04
4.61E-04
4.61E-04
6.39E-04
6.38E-04
1.07E-03
1.06E-03
3.96E-04
3.95E-04
Q-A-31
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Child
Groundwater Child
Ground-water Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
75
75
90
90
95
95
99
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.35E-06
1.35E-06
2.25E-06
2.25E-06
3.20E-06
3.20E-06
5.60E-06
5.60E-06
6.76E-04
6.76E-04
1.12E-03
1.12E-03
1.60E-03
1.60E-03
2.80E-03
2.80E-03
Q-A-32
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6 Endpoint: Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.63E-06
6.41E-06
1.11E-05
1.49E-05
2.95E-05
1.82E-03
3.21E-03
5.55E-03
7.44E-03
1.48E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
5.92E-06
1.16E-05
1.89E-05
2.40E-05
3.58E-05
2.96E-03
5.80E-03
9.44E-03
1.20E-02
1.79E-02
Q-A-33
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.42E-03
8.44E-03
1.38E-02
1.80E-02
2.64E-02
1.47E-02
2.81E-02
4.59E-02
5.99E-02
8.79E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
9.57E-03
1.99E-02
3.29E-02
4.33E-02
6.98E-02
3.19E-02
6.63E-02
1.10E-01
1.44E-01
2.33E-01
Q-A-34
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
7.66E-07
1.19E-06
1.79E-06
2.29E-06
3.51E-06
2.55E-05
3.98E-05
5.98E-05
7.62E-05
1.17E-04
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.74E-06
2.75E-06
4.24E-06
5.45E-06
8.60E-06
5.81E-05
9.16E-05
1.41E-04
1.82E-04
2.87E-04
Q-A-35
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.19E-06
1.62E-05
6.08E-05
1.19E-04
2.94E-04
2.39E-04
3.25E-03
1.22E-02
2.37E-02
5.88E-02
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
2.61E-06
3.69E-05
1.23E-04
2.46E-04
6.88E-04
5.22E-04
7.39E-03
2.46E-02
4.91E-02
1.38E-01
Q-A-36
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Sodium Nitrite
CAS: 7632-00-0
Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
5.89E-01
8.41E-01
1.17E+00
1.36E+00
1.86E+00
5.89E+00
8.41E+00
1.17E+01
1.36E+01
1.86E+01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.34E+00
1.99E+00
2.78E+00
3.39E+00
4.30E+00
1.34E+01
1.99E+01
2.78E+01
3.39E+01
4.30E+01
Q-A-37
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
6.40E+00
9.14E+00
1.27E+01
1.48E+01
2.02E+01
4.00E+00
5.71E+00
7.92E+00
9.23E+00
1.26E+01
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.45E+01
2.16E+01
3.02E+01
3.68E+01
4.67E+01
9.09E+00
1.35E+01
1.89E+01
2.30E+01
2.92E+01
Q-A-38
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS: 75-69-4 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
7.41E-05
1.28E-04
1.97E-04
2.53E-04
3.80E-04
2.47E-04
4.25E-04
6.57E-04
8.43E-04
1.27E-03
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.66E-04
2.99E-04
4.61E-04
6.02E-04
9.29E-04
5.53E-04
9.97E-04
1.54E-03
2.01E-03
3.10E-03
Q-A-39
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5-
CAS: 93-72-1 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.92E-06
3.56E-06
5.65E-06
7.29E-06
1.02E-05
2.40E-04
4.45E-04
7.06E-04
9.12E-04
1.28E-03
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
4.13E-06
8.29E-06
1.32E-05
1.69E-05
2.67E-05
5.16E-04
1.04E-03
1.65E-03
2.12E-03
3.34E-03
Q-A-40
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5 Endpoint: Non-Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
3.97E-06
7.56E-06
1.22E-05
1.59E-05
2.30E-05
3.97E-04
7.56E-04
1.22E-03
1.59E-03
2.30E-03
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
8.56E-06
1.76E-05
2.88E-05
3.73E-05
5.88E-05
8.56E-04
1.76E-03
2.88E-03
3.73E-03
5.88E-03
Q-A-41
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk Screening Hazard Quotients by Pathway in the Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Endpoint: Cancer
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Ground-water Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
9.80E-11
1.54E-10
2.30E-10
2.97E-10
4.64E-10
7.55E-08
1.19E-07
1.77E-07
2.29E-07
3.57E-07
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
50
75
90
95
99
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
1.67E-10
2.75E-10
4.13E-10
5.11E-10
7.40E-10
1.29E-07
2.12E-07
3.18E-07
3.94E-07
5.70E-07
Q-A-42
-------
Appendix Q-A
Hazard Quotients - Sewage Sludge Lagoon
Table Q-A-1. Risk
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7
Receptor
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Adult
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Above-ground Child
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Adult
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Groundwater Child
Screening
Endpoint:
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients by
Non-Cancer
Pathway
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Ambient air
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Drinking water
Pathway in the Sewage
Dose (mg/kg/d)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.56E-05
4.10E-05
6.32E-05
7.71E-05
1.14E-04
5.83E-05
9.63E-05
1.45E-04
1.88E-04
2.75E-04
Sludge Lagoon
Pathway HQ
4.57E-03
8.64E-03
1.42E-02
1.81E-02
2.90E-02
4.52E-06
2.37E-05
6.57E-05
1.03E-04
2.64E-04
4.52E-06
2.37E-05
6.57E-05
1.03E-04
2.64E-04
1.28E-04
2.05E-04
3.16E-04
3.85E-04
5.70E-04
2.92E-04
4.81E-04
7.27E-04
9.39E-04
1.37E-03
Q-A-43
-------
-------
Appendix Q-B Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Appendix Q
Attachment B:
Cancer Hazard Quotients
Agricultural Application
-------
Appendix Q-B Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
9.55E-14
5.48E-13
1.59E-12
2.65E-12
7.42E-12
1.08E-07
7.61E-07
4.54E-06
1.02E-05
4.10E-05
2.08E-07
7.32E-07
2.28E-06
4.13E-06
1.26E-05
1.17E-07
4.35E-07
1.33E-06
2.37E-06
7.48E-06
8.89E-08
5.51E-07
2.40E-06
5.70E-06
1.61E-05
7.36E-11
4.23E-10
1.22E-09
2.04E-09
5.70E-09
8.29E-05
5.85E-04
3.51E-03
7.86E-03
3.16E-02
1.60E-04
5.63E-04
1.76E-03
3.19E-03
9.70E-03
8.98E-05
3.35E-04
1.03E-03
1.82E-03
5.76E-03
6.85E-05
4.26E-04
1.84E-03
4.38E-03
1.24E-02
50
Protected Vegetables
5.95E-08
4.57E-05
Q-B-3
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
3.60E-07
1.49E-06
3.09E-06
1.19E-05
1.16E-10
6.07E-10
2.56E-09
5.51E-09
3.19E-08
1.09E-11
3.13E-11
7.61E-11
1.17E-10
2.73E-10
1.62E-09
4.73E-09
1.29E-08
2.32E-08
5.51E-08
1.09E-07
3.16E-07
7.11E-07
1.05E-06
1.88E-06
2.31E-06
6.70E-06
2.77E-04
1.15E-03
2.37E-03
9.14E-03
8.95E-08
4.66E-07
1.97E-06
4.26E-06
2.45E-05
8.39E-09
2.41E-08
5.85E-08
9.05E-08
2.10E-07
1.25E-06
3.63E-06
9.89E-06
1.78E-05
4.23E-05
8.36E-05
2.44E-04
5.48E-04
8.04E-04
1.44E-03
1.78E-03
5.16E-03
Q-B-4
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
1.46E-05
2.21E-05
4.38E-05
1.12E-02
1.70E-02
3.38E-02
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
5.26E-06
1.32E-05
2.82E-05
4.26E-05
8.23E-05
4.04E-03
1.01E-02
2.17E-02
3.29E-02
6.32E-02
Q-B-5
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
6.13E-13
3.26E-12
9.05E-12
1.39E-11
3.88E-11
9.52E-08
6.85E-07
3.82E-06
9.64E-06
3.51E-05
2.17E-07
6.76E-07
2.05E-06
3.72E-06
8.54E-06
1.15E-07
3.60E-07
1.09E-06
1.93E-06
4.73E-06
1.49E-07
9.64E-07
3.85E-06
7.39E-06
1.78E-05
4.73E-10
2.50E-09
6.95E-09
1.07E-08
2.99E-08
7.32E-05
5.29E-04
2.95E-03
7.42E-03
2.70E-02
1.67E-04
5.20E-04
1.58E-03
2.87E-03
6.57E-03
8.80E-05
2.78E-04
8.36E-04
1.48E-03
3.63E-03
1.15E-04
7.42E-04
2.95E-03
5.67E-03
1.37E-02
50
Protected Vegetables
S.61E-08
6.64E-05
Q-B-6
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
4.51E-07
1.74E-06
3.09E-06
7.86E-06
3.79E-10
2.08E-09
7.70E-09
1.62E-08
7.32E-08
1.43E-11
4.01E-11
9.17E-11
1.52E-10
3.26E-10
4.23E-09
1.26E-08
3.35E-08
5.82E-08
1.19E-07
2.25E-07
5.38E-07
9.95E-07
1.34E-06
2.27E-06
4.23E-06
9.89E-06
3.47E-04
1.34E-03
2.38E-03
6.04E-03
2.92E-07
1.61E-06
5.92E-06
1.24E-05
5.63E-05
1.10E-08
3.08E-08
7.04E-08
1.17E-07
2.50E-07
3.26E-06
9.67E-06
2.59E-05
4.48E-05
9.11E-05
1.73E-04
4.13E-04
7.67E-04
1.03E-03
1.75E-03
3.26E-03
7.61E-03
Q-B-7
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
1.98E-05
2.96E-05
5.92E-05
1.52E-02
2.28E-02
4.54E-02
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
7.70E-06
1.66E-05
3.16E-05
4.48E-05
8.54E-05
5.92E-03
1.28E-02
2.42E-02
3.44E-02
6.57E-02
Q-B-8
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
5.48E-13
3.10E-12
1.03E-11
2.23E-11
7.95E-11
2.17E-06
8.80E-06
2.79E-05
5.20E-05
1.82E-04
3.38E-07
1.08E-06
2.75E-06
4.54E-06
1.45E-05
1.92E-07
6.13E-07
1.57E-06
2.53E-06
8.01E-06
3.69E-07
1.39E-06
4.32E-06
7.23E-06
1.64E-05
6.01E-10
3.41E-09
1.14E-08
2.45E-08
8.76E-08
2.38E-03
9.64E-03
3.07E-02
5.70E-02
2.00E-01
3.72E-04
1.18E-03
3.02E-03
4.98E-03
1.59E-02
2.11E-04
6.76E-04
1.72E-03
2.78E-03
8.83E-03
4.07E-04
1.52E-03
4.76E-03
7.92E-03
1.80E-02
50
Protected Vegetables
2.44E-07
2.69E-04
Q-B-9
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
7.73E-07
2.20E-06
3.94E-06
1.18E-05
8.29E-11
4.35E-10
1.52E-09
3.10E-09
1.43E-08
8.17E-12
2.50E-11
6.07E-11
9.30E-11
2.10E-10
1.83E-09
5.54E-09
1.33E-08
2.17E-08
5.04E-08
2.81E-07
6.85E-07
1.42E-06
2.13E-06
4.16E-06
2.49E-07
6.79E-07
8.51E-04
2.41E-03
4.35E-03
1.29E-02
9.11E-08
4.76E-07
1.67E-06
3.41E-06
1.57E-05
8.98E-09
2.75E-08
6.67E-08
1.02E-07
2.31E-07
2.01E-06
6.07E-06
1.46E-05
2.38E-05
5.54E-05
3.09E-04
7.51E-04
1.56E-03
2.34E-03
4.57E-03
2.74E-04
7.48E-04
Q-B-10
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
1.52E-06
2.33E-06
5.51E-06
1.67E-03
2.56E-03
6.07E-03
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
5.51E-06
1.64E-05
4.01E-05
6.82E-05
2.00E-04
6.04E-03
1.80E-02
4.38E-02
7.51E-02
2.20E-01
Q-B-11
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
4.01E-12
1.82E-11
5.79E-11
1.29E-10
3.88E-10
2.22E-06
8.92E-06
2.69E-05
5.35E-05
1.61E-04
3.69E-07
9.92E-07
2.34E-06
3.82E-06
7.73E-06
1.89E-07
5.45E-07
1.26E-06
1.99E-06
4.32E-06
7.92E-07
2.30E-06
5.23E-06
8.42E-06
1.71E-05
3.85E-07
4.41E-09
2.00E-08
6.39E-08
1.42E-07
4.26E-07
2.44E-03
9.83E-03
2.96E-02
5.88E-02
1.77E-01
4.04E-04
1.09E-03
2.57E-03
4.23E-03
8.51E-03
2.08E-04
5.98E-04
1.38E-03
2.19E-03
4.73E-03
8.70E-04
2.52E-03
5.73E-03
9.23E-03
1.88E-02
4.23E-04
Q-B-12
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
1.03E-06
2.20E-06
3.35E-06
7.61E-06
2.75E-10
1.25E-09
4.29E-09
8.64E-09
3.22E-08
1.11E-11
3.19E-11
7.42E-11
1.19E-10
2.64E-10
5.23E-09
1.50E-08
3.51E-08
5.51E-08
1.03E-07
5.20E-07
1.15E-06
2.00E-06
2.80E-06
5.13E-06
4.51E-07
1.03E-06
1.13E-03
2.42E-03
3.69E-03
8.36E-03
3.02E-07
1.37E-06
4.69E-06
9.48E-06
3.54E-05
1.22E-08
3.51E-08
8.14E-08
1.31E-07
2.90E-07
5.73E-06
1.65E-05
3.85E-05
6.07E-05
1.13E-04
5.70E-04
1.27E-03
2.20E-03
3.08E-03
5.67E-03
4.95E-04
1.13E-03
Q-B-13
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
2.15E-06
3.16E-06
6.73E-06
2.36E-03
3.47E-03
7.39E-03
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
6.76E-06
1.65E-05
3.98E-05
6.70E-05
1.83E-04
7.45E-03
1.81E-02
4.38E-02
7.36E-02
2.01E-01
Q-B-14
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
6.76E-14
1.51E-13
2.73E-13
3.82E-13
5.94E-13
1.25E-10
3.62E-10
9.83E-10
1.59E-09
3.75E-09
4.29E-11
1.12E-10
2.58E-10
4.32E-10
9.40E-10
2.40E-11
6.44E-11
1.49E-10
2.62E-10
5.79E-10
4.47E-11
1.46E-10
3.66E-10
5.63E-10
1.11E-09
2.80E-11
4.23E-08
9.47E-08
1.72E-07
2.40E-07
3.71E-07
7.80E-05
2.26E-04
6.15E-04
9.97E-04
2.35E-03
2.69E-05
7.01E-05
1.61E-04
2.71E-04
5.88E-04
1.49E-05
4.02E-05
9.33E-05
1.64E-04
3.62E-04
2.80E-05
9.11E-05
2.28E-04
3.53E-04
6.96E-04
1.75E-05
Q-B-15
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
7.59E-11
1.80E-10
3.05E-10
7.14E-10
4.34E-11
1.74E-10
6.37E-10
1.24E-09
4.41E-09
4.05E-13
1.04E-12
2.17E-12
3.37E-12
6.51E-12
2.71E-12
6.76E-12
1.40E-11
2.10E-11
3.96E-11
5.36E-22
1.26E-10
3.64E-10
9.27E-10
1.57E-09
3.80E-09
7.96E-10
4.75E-05
1.13E-04
1.91E-04
4.45E-04
2.71E-05
1.09E-04
3.98E-04
7.75E-04
2.76E-03
2.53E-07
6.46E-07
1.36E-06
2.11E-06
4.07E-06
1.70E-06
4.23E-06
8.72E-06
1.31E-05
2.49E-05
3.34E-16
7.86E-05
2.28E-04
5.79E-04
9.81E-04
2.37E-03
4.97E-04
Q-B-16
-------
Appendix Q-B Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile Pathway Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
75 Total Ingestion 1.77E-09 1.11E-03
90 Total Ingestion 3.34E-09 2.10E-03
95 Total Ingestion 4.97E-09 3.12E-03
99 Total Ingestion 9.83E-09 6.15E-03
Q-B-17
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
4.84E-13
8.72E-13
1.28E-12
1.54E-12
2.00E-12
1.23E-10
3.80E-10
9.74E-10
1.66E-09
4.32E-09
4.84E-11
1.07E-10
1.93E-10
2.76E-10
4.90E-10
2.51E-11
5.92E-11
1.12E-10
1.59E-10
2.62E-10
9.38E-11
2.31E-10
4.43E-10
5.85E-10
8.48E-10
4.59E-11
3.03E-07
5.45E-07
8.00E-07
9.63E-07
1.25E-06
7.68E-05
2.37E-04
6.08E-04
1.04E-03
2.71E-03
3.03E-05
6.67E-05
1.21E-04
1.73E-04
3.05E-04
1.57E-05
3.71E-05
7.03E-05
9.97E-05
1.63E-04
5.88E-05
1.44E-04
2.78E-04
3.66E-04
5.29E-04
2.87E-05
Q-B-18
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
9.76E-11
1.71E-10
2.40E-10
4.14E-10
1.41E-10
5.29E-10
1.75E-09
3.44E-09
1.28E-08
5.40E-13
1.36E-12
2.67E-12
3.73E-12
6.83E-12
7.57E-12
1.84E-11
3.30E-11
4.43E-11
7.64E-11
8.61E-22
2.21E-10
5.42E-10
1.24E-09
2.13E-09
4.61E-09
1.20E-09
6.10E-05
1.07E-04
1.49E-04
2.60E-04
8.79E-05
3.30E-04
1.09E-03
2.14E-03
7.98E-03
3.37E-07
8.48E-07
1.67E-06
2.33E-06
4.25E-06
4.75E-06
1.15E-05
2.07E-05
2.78E-05
4.77E-05
5.38E-16
1.38E-04
3.39E-04
7.77E-04
1.33E-03
2.89E-03
7.53E-04
Q-B-19
-------
Appendix Q-B Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile Pathway Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
75 Total Ingestion 2.46E-09 1.54E-03
90 Total Ingestion 4.57E-09 2.85E-03
95 Total Ingestion 6.80E-09 4.25E-03
99 Total Ingestion 1.60E-08 9.99E-03
Q-B-20
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
6.08E-13
1.31E-12
2.37E-12
3.29E-12
4.91E-12
6.01E-10
1.74E-09
4.78E-09
7.60E-09
1.81E-08
1.80E-10
4.65E-10
1.05E-09
1.80E-09
3.70E-09
l.OOE-10
2.66E-10
6.27E-10
1.08E-09
2.54E-09
2.07E-10
6.64E-10
1.65E-09
2.55E-09
4.99E-09
1.28E-10
1.09E-07
2.34E-07
4.23E-07
5.87E-07
8.80E-07
1.07E-04
3.11E-04
8.55E-04
1.36E-03
3.24E-03
3.22E-05
8.30E-05
1.88E-04
3.21E-04
6.61E-04
1.78E-05
4.76E-05
1.12E-04
1.93E-04
4.53E-04
3.69E-05
1.19E-04
2.95E-04
4.55E-04
8.88E-04
2.28E-05
Q-B-21
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
3.41E-10
8.10E-10
1.37E-09
3.18E-09
1.16E-10
4.63E-10
1.71E-09
3.27E-09
1.12E-08
1.58E-12
3.92E-12
8.19E-12
1.21E-11
2.33E-11
1.10E-11
2.75E-11
5.54E-11
8.30E-11
1.60E-10
3.22E-10
7.79E-10
1.67E-09
2.52E-09
6.01E-09
2.85E-09
6.33E-09
6.09E-05
1.44E-04
2.45E-04
5.68E-04
2.08E-05
8.28E-05
3.06E-04
5.84E-04
1.99E-03
2.82E-07
7.00E-07
1.46E-06
2.17E-06
4.17E-06
1.97E-06
4.91E-06
9.88E-06
1.49E-05
2.86E-05
5.75E-05
1.39E-04
2.98E-04
4.51E-04
1.07E-03
5.08E-04
1.13E-03
Q-B-22
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
1.16E-08
1.70E-08
3.18E-08
2.08E-03
3.04E-03
5.69E-03
Q-B-23
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
4.35E-12
7.61E-12
1.10E-11
1.28E-11
1.65E-11
5.90E-10
1.83E-09
4.66E-09
7.96E-09
2.12E-08
2.01E-10
4.44E-10
7.96E-10
1.15E-09
2.02E-09
1.05E-10
2.43E-10
4.61E-10
6.49E-10
1.07E-09
4.26E-10
1.05E-09
1.98E-09
2.63E-09
3.87E-09
2.07E-10
7.76E-07
1.36E-06
1.96E-06
2.29E-06
2.95E-06
1.05E-04
3.27E-04
8.30E-04
1.42E-03
3.78E-03
3.59E-05
7.93E-05
1.42E-04
2.04E-04
3.61E-04
1.87E-05
4.34E-05
8.22E-05
1.16E-04
1.90E-04
7.60E-05
1.87E-04
3.54E-04
4.70E-04
6.91E-04
3.71E-05
Q-B-24
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Risk Screening Hazard
beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
4.38E-10
7.68E-10
1.07E-09
1.87E-09
3.74E-10
1.39E-09
4.57E-09
8.80E-09
3.41E-08
2.07E-12
5.05E-12
9.79E-12
1.40E-11
2.39E-11
3.10E-11
7.53E-11
1.34E-10
1.80E-10
2.89E-10
5.63E-10
1.21E-09
2.26E-09
3.16E-09
6.54E-09
4.05E-09
8.08E-09
7.83E-05
1.37E-04
1.91E-04
3.33E-04
6.67E-05
2.49E-04
8.17E-04
1.57E-03
6.09E-03
3.70E-07
9.05E-07
1.75E-06
2.51E-06
4.27E-06
5.54E-06
1.34E-05
2.38E-05
3.22E-05
5.16E-05
l.OOE-04
2.17E-04
4.03E-04
5.65E-04
1.17E-03
7.24E-04
1.44E-03
Q-B-25
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
1.39E-08
2.01E-08
4.69E-08
2.50E-03
3.59E-03
8.38E-03
Q-B-26
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
Quotients in the
Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Receptor:
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
1.07E-13
2.65E-13
6.97E-13
1.65E-12
1.22E-11
3.37E-07
9.94E-07
2.72E-06
4.44E-06
1.07E-05
3.78E-07
1.01E-06
2.32E-06
4.00E-06
8.49E-06
2.15E-07
5.82E-07
1.32E-06
2.32E-06
5.46E-06
2.25E-07
7.37E-07
1.88E-06
2.88E-06
5.63E-06
1.43E-07
5.36E-11
1.33E-10
3.49E-10
8.23E-10
6.12E-09
1.68E-04
4.97E-04
1.36E-03
2.22E-03
5.32E-03
1.90E-04
5.07E-04
1.16E-03
2.00E-03
4.25E-03
1.07E-04
2.91E-04
6.57E-04
1.16E-03
2.73E-03
1.13E-04
3.70E-04
9.41E-04
1.44E-03
2.82E-03
7.11E-05
Q-B-27
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
Quotients in the
Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Receptor:
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
3.86E-07
9.21E-07
1.55E-06
3.49E-06
5.96E-10
2.61E-09
9.80E-09
2.06E-08
8.69E-08
1.39E-09
3.55E-09
7.57E-09
1.07E-08
2.15E-08
6.65E-09
1.69E-08
3.43E-08
5.22E-08
9.34E-08
2.30E-11
3.65E-09
1.71E-08
1.47E-07
5.28E-06
1.52E-05
3.43E-05
1.93E-04
4.60E-04
7.70E-04
1.75E-03
2.98E-07
1.30E-06
4.91E-06
1.03E-05
4.34E-05
6.97E-07
1.77E-06
3.78E-06
5.38E-06
1.07E-05
3.32E-06
8.42E-06
1.72E-05
2.61E-05
4.68E-05
1.15E-08
1.82E-06
8.55E-06
7.37E-05
2.65E-03
7.63E-03
1.72E-02
Q-B-28
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
5.29E-05
1.06E-04
2.65E-02
5.30E-02
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
8.55E-06
2.01E-05
4.20E-05
6.14E-05
1.13E-04
4.29E-03
l.OOE-02
2.10E-02
3.07E-02
5.62E-02
Q-B-29
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
Quotients in the
Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Receptor:
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
7.17E-13
1.47E-12
3.45E-12
1.07E-11
7.83E-11
3.30E-07
1.05E-06
2.68E-06
4.60E-06
1.24E-05
4.31E-07
9.48E-07
1.77E-06
2.45E-06
4.70E-06
2.24E-07
5.30E-07
1.02E-06
1.43E-06
2.55E-06
4.74E-07
1.19E-06
2.26E-06
3.04E-06
4.53E-06
2.35E-07
3.59E-10
7.37E-10
1.73E-09
5.35E-09
3.93E-08
1.65E-04
5.26E-04
1.34E-03
2.30E-03
6.20E-03
2.15E-04
4.74E-04
8.82E-04
1.23E-03
2.35E-03
1.12E-04
2.65E-04
5.11E-04
7.17E-04
1.27E-03
2.37E-04
5.95E-04
1.13E-03
1.52E-03
2.26E-03
1.18E-04
Q-B-30
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine,
TV-
CAS: 86-30-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kw/d)
4.98E-07
8.75E-07
1.22E-06
2.09E-06
2.04E-09
8.36E-09
2.83E-08
5.96E-08
2.76E-07
1.88E-09
4.50E-09
9.15E-09
1.29E-08
2.22E-08
1.89E-08
4.51E-08
8.16E-08
1.14E-07
1.88E-07
5.25E-11
7.24E-09
2.88E-08
2.45E-07
9.54E-06
2.26E-05
4.50E-05
Child Farmer
Pathway HQ
2.49E-04
4.38E-04
6.13E-04
1.05E-03
1.02E-06
4.19E-06
1.41E-05
2.98E-05
1.38E-04
9.41E-07
2.25E-06
4.57E-06
6.45E-06
1.11E-05
9.41E-06
2.26E-05
4.08E-05
5.70E-05
9.41E-05
2.63E-08
3.61E-06
1.44E-05
1.23E-04
4.77E-03
1.13E-02
2.25E-02
Q-B-31
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-
CAS: 86-30-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
95
99
Surface Water
Surface Water
6.91E-05
1.34E-04
3.45E-02
6.65E-02
50
75
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
1.32E-05
2.75E-05
5.00E-05
7.44E-05
1.39E-04
6.57E-03
1.38E-02
2.50E-02
3.71E-02
6.97E-02
Q-B-32
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
2.77E-13
6.31E-13
1.13E-12
1.54E-12
2.28E-12
2.99E-10
8.71E-10
2.39E-09
3.83E-09
9.18E-09
3.04E-11
7.92E-11
1.81E-10
3.10E-10
6.45E-10
1.70E-11
4.56E-11
1.08E-10
1.89E-10
4.46E-10
3.56E-11
1.16E-10
2.90E-10
4.45E-10
8.73E-10
2.26E-11
2.14E-10
4.85E-10
8.73E-10
1.18E-09
1.75E-09
2.29E-07
6.70E-07
1.83E-06
2.95E-06
7.05E-06
2.34E-08
6.09E-08
1.40E-07
2.39E-07
4.96E-07
1.31E-08
3.50E-08
8.29E-08
1.45E-07
3.44E-07
2.74E-08
8.96E-08
2.23E-07
3.43E-07
6.71E-07
1.74E-08
Q-B-33
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
5.98E-11
1.42E-10
2.42E-10
5.64E-10
4.51E-10
1.97E-09
7.01E-09
1.42E-08
4.85E-08
1.70E-11
4.23E-11
8.93E-11
1.29E-10
2.51E-10
9.64E-11
2.39E-10
4.85E-10
7.22E-10
1.38E-09
2.25E-10
6.65E-10
1.58E-09
2.65E-09
6.68E-09
2.15E-09
5.13E-09
4.60E-08
1.09E-07
1.86E-07
4.34E-07
3.47E-07
1.51E-06
5.39E-06
1.09E-05
3.74E-05
1.32E-08
3.25E-08
6.87E-08
9.92E-08
1.94E-07
7.41E-08
1.84E-07
3.74E-07
5.55E-07
1.06E-06
1.74E-07
5.11E-07
1.21E-06
2.05E-06
5.15E-06
1.66E-06
3.94E-06
Q-B-34
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
1.22E-08
1.92E-08
5.10E-08
9.42E-06
1.47E-05
3.92E-05
Q-B-35
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
2.03E-12
3.69E-12
5.19E-12
6.04E-12
7.73E-12
2.91E-10
9.15E-10
2.36E-09
3.98E-09
1.07E-08
3.43E-11
7.69E-11
1.37E-10
1.95E-10
3.55E-10
1.80E-11
4.17E-11
8.01E-11
1.11E-10
1.84E-10
7.38E-11
1.84E-10
3.49E-10
4.67E-10
6.88E-10
3.66E-11
1.55E-09
2.84E-09
4.00E-09
4.65E-09
5.95E-09
2.25E-07
7.02E-07
1.81E-06
3.07E-06
8.23E-06
2.64E-08
5.91E-08
1.06E-07
1.51E-07
2.73E-07
1.39E-08
3.21E-08
6.17E-08
8.51E-08
1.42E-07
5.67E-08
1.42E-07
2.68E-07
3.60E-07
5.30E-07
2.82E-08
Q-B-36
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1.
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Cancer Risk Screening Hazard
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Quotients in the
Receptor:
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kw/d) Pathway HQ
7.70E-11
1.35E-10
1.89E-10
3.24E-10
1.46E-09
5.70E-09
1.86E-08
3.78E-08
1.45E-07
2.23E-11
5.39E-11
1.06E-10
1.52E-10
2.60E-10
2.70E-10
6.53E-10
1.15E-09
1.58E-09
2.53E-09
3.94E-10
9.70E-10
2.17E-09
3.57E-09
8.01E-09
4.20E-09
9.86E-09
5.94E-08
1.04E-07
1.46E-07
2.50E-07
1.12E-06
4.39E-06
1.44E-05
2.91E-05
1.11E-04
1.72E-08
4.15E-08
8.17E-08
1.17E-07
2.00E-07
2.08E-07
5.02E-07
8.87E-07
1.22E-06
1.94E-06
3.02E-07
7.47E-07
1.67E-06
2.74E-06
6.17E-06
3.22E-06
7.60E-06
Q-B-37
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kw/d)
Pathway HQ
90
95
99
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
2.37E-08
4.25E-08
1.47E-07
1.83E-05
3.27E-05
1.13E-04
Q-B-38
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.61E-04
6.48E-04
1.33E-03
1.79E-03
3.28E-03
Q-B-39
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.93E-04
7.25E-04
1.41E-03
1.93E-03
3.46E-03
Q-B-40
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.60E-04
2.43E-04
3.22E-04
3.79E-04
4.95E-04
Q-B-41
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.98E-04
2.69E-04
3.44E-04
3.94E-04
5.29E-04
Q-B-42
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.64E-05
4.20E-05
7.93E-05
1.11E-04
2.22E-04
Q-B-43
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.26E-05
5.06E-05
9.02E-05
1.31E-04
2.40E-04
Q-B-44
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.82E-06
1.37E-05
2.85E-05
4.28E-05
9.38E-05
Q-B-45
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.56E-06
1.72E-05
3.38E-05
4.89E-05
9.79E-05
Q-B-46
-------
Appendix Q-B
Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.84E-03
3.57E-03
5.98E-03
8.01E-03
1.33E-02
Q-B-47
-------
Appendix Q-B Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-B-1. Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile Pathway Dose (mg/kg/d) Pathway HQ
99 Shower NA 6.80E-16
Q-B-48
-------
Appendix Q-C Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Appendix Q
Attachment C:
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients
Agricultural Application
-------
Appendix Q-C Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.56E-13
9.30E-12
4.60E-11
1.03E-10
2.94E-10
1.98E-05
1.24E-04
7.09E-04
1.96E-03
8.09E-03
1.90E-05
8.62E-05
3.49E-04
7.37E-04
2.48E-03
1.07E-05
5.18E-05
1.94E-04
4.21E-04
1.43E-03
1.91E-05
1.06E-04
4.58E-04
9.98E-04
3.11E-03
1.20E-05
6.62E-05
2.81E-04
5.67E-04
1.83E-03
1.43E-09
1.20E-08
Pathway HQ
5.07E-13
1.03E-11
5.11E-11
1.15E-10
3.27E-10
2.20E-05
1.38E-04
7.88E-04
2.18E-03
8.99E-03
2.12E-05
9.57E-05
3.88E-04
8.19E-04
2.75E-03
1.19E-05
5.75E-05
2.15E-04
4.67E-04
1.59E-03
2.12E-05
1.18E-04
5.08E-04
1.11E-03
3.45E-03
1.33E-05
7.35E-05
3.12E-04
6.30E-04
2.04E-03
1.58E-09
1.34E-08
Q-C-3
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.04E-08
1.28E-07
5.29E-07
5.81E-10
2.25E-09
8.40E-09
1.63E-08
4.09E-08
1.17E-07
4.63E-07
1.94E-06
3.81E-06
9.08E-06
7.03E-08
5.66E-07
3.71E-06
6.44E-06
1.48E-05
5.06E-05
1.14E-04
2.35E-04
3.45E-04
6.53E-04
2.58E-04
7.23E-04
2.97E-03
5.41E-03
1.34E-02
Pathway HQ
5.60E-08
1.42E-07
5.88E-07
6.45E-10
2.50E-09
9.34E-09
1.81E-08
4.54E-08
1.30E-07
5.15E-07
2.16E-06
4.24E-06
1.01E-05
7.81E-08
6.29E-07
4.12E-06
7.15E-06
1.64E-05
5.62E-05
1.26E-04
2.61E-04
3.84E-04
7.26E-04
2.87E-04
8.03E-04
3.30E-03
6.01E-03
1.49E-02
Q-C-4
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.36E-12
8.94E-11
5.05E-10
1.06E-09
3.30E-09
3.05E-05
1.95E-04
1.20E-03
2.78E-03
1.10E-02
3.12E-05
1.39E-04
5.59E-04
9.32E-04
2.23E-03
1.70E-05
7.53E-05
2.70E-04
5.67E-04
1.36E-03
6.05E-05
2.80E-04
1.19E-03
2.34E-03
6.85E-03
3.02E-05
1.45E-04
5.54E-04
9.22E-04
2.23E-03
9.66E-09
6.50E-08
Pathway HQ
4.84E-12
9.94E-11
5.61E-10
1.17E-09
3.66E-09
3.39E-05
2.16E-04
1.33E-03
3.09E-03
1.23E-02
3.47E-05
1.55E-04
6.21E-04
1.04E-03
2.47E-03
1.89E-05
8.37E-05
3.00E-04
6.30E-04
1.52E-03
6.73E-05
3.11E-04
1.33E-03
2.60E-03
7.61E-03
3.36E-05
1.61E-04
6.15E-04
1.02E-03
2.47E-03
1.07E-08
7.22E-08
Q-C-5
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.58E-07
5.99E-07
2.85E-06
1.22E-09
4.78E-09
1.71E-08
3.03E-08
7.29E-08
4.91E-07
1.96E-06
8.38E-06
1.56E-05
3.48E-05
2.15E-07
1.81E-06
1.01E-05
1.90E-05
3.81E-05
1.40E-04
2.97E-04
5.69E-04
8.21E-04
1.61E-03
5.43E-04
1.51E-03
4.78E-03
8.17E-03
1.75E-02
Pathway HQ
2.86E-07
6.65E-07
3.17E-06
1.35E-09
5.31E-09
1.90E-08
3.36E-08
8.10E-08
5.46E-07
2.18E-06
9.32E-06
1.73E-05
3.87E-05
2.39E-07
2.01E-06
1.13E-05
2.11E-05
4.24E-05
1.56E-04
3.30E-04
6.32E-04
9.12E-04
1.78E-03
6.03E-04
1.68E-03
5.31E-03
9.08E-03
1.94E-02
Q-C-6
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.33E-11
8.10E-11
2.21E-10
3.52E-10
7.00E-10
1.80E-06
7.12E-06
2.61E-05
5.58E-05
2.19E-04
1.36E-06
4.49E-06
1.32E-05
2.37E-05
6.39E-05
8.02E-07
2.71E-06
7.05E-06
1.30E-05
3.71E-05
1.66E-06
6.13E-06
1.75E-05
3.06E-05
7.41E-05
9.42E-07
3.51E-06
9.67E-06
1.66E-05
5.00E-05
5.75E-10
3.05E-09
Pathway HQ
1.33E-10
8.10E-10
2.21E-09
3.52E-09
7.00E-09
1.80E-05
7.12E-05
2.61E-04
5.58E-04
2.19E-03
1.36E-05
4.49E-05
1.32E-04
2.37E-04
6.39E-04
8.02E-06
2.71E-05
7.05E-05
1.30E-04
3.71E-04
1.66E-05
6.13E-05
1.75E-04
3.06E-04
7.41E-04
9.42E-06
3.51E-05
9.67E-05
1.66E-04
5.00E-04
5.75E-09
3.05E-08
Q-C-7
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.11E-08
2.21E-08
6.60E-08
6.99E-11
2.19E-10
5.89E-10
l.OOE-09
2.31E-09
8.03E-09
2.39E-08
6.66E-08
1.14E-07
2.27E-07
1.38E-14
8.09E-11
1.08E-09
3.28E-08
1.34E-06
4.14E-06
1.10E-05
2.02E-05
5.78E-05
1.54E-05
3.89E-05
9.33E-05
1.51E-04
3.33E-04
Pathway HQ
1.11E-07
2.21E-07
6.60E-07
6.99E-10
2.19E-09
5.89E-09
l.OOE-08
2.31E-08
8.03E-08
2.39E-07
6.66E-07
1.14E-06
2.27E-06
1.38E-13
8.09E-10
1.08E-08
3.28E-07
1.34E-05
4.14E-05
1.10E-04
2.02E-04
5.78E-04
1.54E-04
3.89E-04
9.33E-04
1.51E-03
3.33E-03
Q-C-8
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.49E-10
8.51E-10
2.03E-09
3.27E-09
7.45E-09
2.78E-06
1.11E-05
4.17E-05
8.39E-05
3.09E-04
2.38E-06
6.66E-06
1.67E-05
2.72E-05
5.92E-05
1.16E-06
3.94E-06
1.01E-05
1.68E-05
3.75E-05
4.73E-06
1.53E-05
3.95E-05
6.87E-05
1.83E-04
2.48E-06
6.96E-06
1.77E-05
2.66E-05
5.57E-05
3.57E-09
1.61E-08
Pathway HQ
1.49E-09
8.51E-09
2.03E-08
3.27E-08
7.45E-08
2.78E-05
1.11E-04
4.17E-04
8.39E-04
3.09E-03
2.38E-05
6.66E-05
1.67E-04
2.72E-04
5.92E-04
1.16E-05
3.94E-05
1.01E-04
1.68E-04
3.75E-04
4.73E-05
1.53E-04
3.95E-04
6.87E-04
1.83E-03
2.48E-05
6.96E-05
1.77E-04
2.66E-04
5.57E-04
3.57E-08
1.61E-07
Q-C-9
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.78E-08
1.06E-07
3.59E-07
1.49E-10
4.68E-10
1.11E-09
1.96E-09
4.04E-09
3.26E-08
1.02E-07
2.75E-07
4.58E-07
9.81E-07
3.53E-14
3.10E-10
2.75E-09
1.07E-07
3.93E-06
1.11E-05
2.84E-05
5.47E-05
1.46E-04
3.06E-05
7.65E-05
1.56E-04
2.43E-04
5.01E-04
Pathway HQ
5.78E-07
1.06E-06
3.59E-06
1.49E-09
4.68E-09
1.11E-08
1.96E-08
4.04E-08
3.26E-07
1.02E-06
2.75E-06
4.58E-06
9.81E-06
3.53E-13
3.10E-09
2.75E-08
1.07E-06
3.93E-05
1.11E-04
2.84E-04
5.47E-04
1.46E-03
3.06E-04
7.65E-04
1.56E-03
2.43E-03
5.01E-03
Q-C-10
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.88E-08
4.28E-08
5.56E-08
6.32E-08
7.63E-08
4.41E-06
1.15E-05
2.69E-05
4.38E-05
1.16E-04
8.75E-07
2.00E-06
4.08E-06
6.51E-06
1.23E-05
4.80E-07
1.15E-06
2.57E-06
3.55E-06
7.27E-06
1.09E-06
3.08E-06
6.09E-06
8.72E-06
1.50E-05
6.22E-07
1.48E-06
3.29E-06
4.97E-06
9.48E-06
1.11E-06
4.18E-06
Pathway HQ
9.61E-08
1.43E-07
1.86E-07
2.10E-07
2.55E-07
1.46E-05
3.85E-05
8.98E-05
1.46E-04
3.88E-04
2.91E-06
6.68E-06
1.36E-05
2.17E-05
4.08E-05
1.60E-06
3.85E-06
8.59E-06
1.18E-05
2.42E-05
3.62E-06
1.03E-05
2.03E-05
2.91E-05
5.00E-05
2.07E-06
4.94E-06
1.10E-05
1.65E-05
3.16E-05
3.72E-06
1.39E-05
Q-C-11
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.23E-05
2.17E-05
7.14E-05
4.80E-08
1.01E-07
1.91E-07
2.62E-07
5.03E-07
3.42E-07
7.30E-07
1.28E-06
1.68E-06
2.42E-06
9.94E-07
2.05E-06
3.62E-06
4.80E-06
8.13E-06
1.78E-05
3.10E-05
5.20E-05
7.21E-05
1.58E-04
Pathway HQ
4.11E-05
7.24E-05
2.38E-04
1.61E-07
3.36E-07
6.35E-07
8.75E-07
1.68E-06
1.14E-06
2.43E-06
4.28E-06
5.59E-06
8.06E-06
3.32E-06
6.84E-06
1.21E-05
1.60E-05
2.71E-05
5.92E-05
1.03E-04
1.73E-04
2.40E-04
5.26E-04
Q-C-12
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.82E-07
3.82E-07
4.84E-07
5.33E-07
6.51E-07
6.81E-06
1.91E-05
4.57E-05
7.99E-05
2.18E-04
1.53E-06
2.78E-06
4.44E-06
6.02E-06
9.44E-06
7.57E-07
1.59E-06
2.86E-06
3.82E-06
5.95E-06
3.22E-06
6.94E-06
1.25E-05
1.70E-05
2.36E-05
1.56E-06
2.71E-06
4.54E-06
6.19E-06
1.16E-05
6.09E-06
2.11E-05
Pathway HQ
9.41E-07
1.27E-06
1.61E-06
1.77E-06
2.17E-06
2.27E-05
6.35E-05
1.52E-04
2.66E-04
7.27E-04
5.10E-06
9.24E-06
1.48E-05
2.00E-05
3.15E-05
2.52E-06
5.30E-06
9.51E-06
1.27E-05
1.99E-05
1.07E-05
2.31E-05
4.18E-05
5.66E-05
7.86E-05
5.20E-06
9.05E-06
1.51E-05
2.06E-05
3.88E-05
2.03E-05
7.04E-05
Q-C-13
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.02E-05
1.14E-04
3.39E-04
1.01E-07
1.89E-07
3.45E-07
4.70E-07
8.98E-07
1.38E-06
3.01E-06
4.87E-06
6.55E-06
1.09E-05
2.81E-06
5.33E-06
8.82E-06
1.14E-05
1.90E-05
3.88E-05
6.94E-05
1.30E-04
1.97E-04
4.38E-04
Pathway HQ
2.01E-04
3.78E-04
1.14E-03
3.39E-07
6.28E-07
1.16E-06
1.56E-06
3.00E-06
4.61E-06
l.OOE-05
1.62E-05
2.18E-05
3.65E-05
9.38E-06
1.78E-05
2.94E-05
3.78E-05
6.35E-05
1.29E-04
2.31E-04
4.31E-04
6.55E-04
1.45E-03
Q-C-14
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.76E-15
1.56E-14
1.41E-13
3.08E-13
1.68E-12
1.52E-08
4.26E-08
1.03E-07
1.78E-07
5.05E-07
2.01E-08
5.00E-08
1.09E-07
1.74E-07
3.81E-07
1.12E-08
2.79E-08
6.59E-08
9.66E-08
1.95E-07
1.52E-08
4.95E-08
1.06E-07
1.59E-07
2.61E-07
9.32E-09
2.44E-08
5.69E-08
9.00E-08
1.86E-07
6.66E-12
3.52E-11
Pathway HQ
1.84E-12
1.04E-11
9.39E-11
2.05E-10
1.12E-09
1.01E-05
2.84E-05
6.84E-05
1.19E-04
3.37E-04
1.34E-05
3.33E-05
7.24E-05
1.16E-04
2.54E-04
7.45E-06
1.86E-05
4.39E-05
6.44E-05
1.30E-04
1.02E-05
3.30E-05
7.05E-05
1.06E-04
1.74E-04
6.21E-06
1.63E-05
3.80E-05
6.00E-05
1.24E-04
4.44E-09
2.35E-08
Q-C-15
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.80E-10
4.75E-10
1.97E-09
2.27E-11
5.06E-11
9.72E-11
1.42E-10
2.79E-10
1.49E-10
3.42E-10
6.60E-10
8.87E-10
1.32E-09
2.75E-11
7.55E-10
2.44E-09
8.92E-09
1.78E-07
4.73E-07
9.95E-07
1.51E-06
2.88E-06
3.70E-07
7.16E-07
1.26E-06
1.80E-06
3.25E-06
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Pathway HQ
1.20E-07
3.17E-07
1.32E-06
1.51E-08
3.37E-08
6.48E-08
9.44E-08
1.86E-07
9.95E-08
2.28E-07
4.40E-07
5.92E-07
8.79E-07
1.83E-08
5.03E-07
1.63E-06
5.94E-06
1.18E-04
3.15E-04
6.63E-04
l.OOE-03
1.92E-03
2.47E-04
4.77E-04
8.43E-04
1.20E-03
2.16E-03
Q-C-16
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.61E-14
1.61E-13
1.41E-12
3.03E-12
1.71E-11
2.28E-08
7.03E-08
1.71E-07
3.12E-07
8.44E-07
3.59E-08
7.30E-08
1.22E-07
1.67E-07
2.72E-07
1.76E-08
4.02E-08
7.73E-08
1.05E-07
1.73E-07
4.77E-08
1.14E-07
2.20E-07
3.15E-07
4.78E-07
2.51E-08
4.52E-08
8.06E-08
1.13E-07
2.19E-07
3.73E-11
1.93E-10
Pathway HQ
1.74E-11
1.07E-10
9.38E-10
2.02E-09
1.14E-08
1.52E-05
4.68E-05
1.14E-04
2.08E-04
5.63E-04
2.40E-05
4.87E-05
8.12E-05
1.11E-04
1.82E-04
1.18E-05
2.68E-05
5.16E-05
7.03E-05
1.15E-04
3.18E-05
7.59E-05
1.46E-04
2.10E-04
3.19E-04
1.67E-05
3.01E-05
5.37E-05
7.53E-05
1.46E-04
2.49E-08
1.29E-07
Q-C-17
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
9.61E-10
2.67E-09
1.13E-08
4.75E-11
9.75E-11
1.82E-10
2.54E-10
5.06E-10
6.25E-10
1.40E-09
2.58E-09
3.61E-09
6.31E-09
1.22E-10
2.86E-09
6.64E-09
1.66E-08
5.11E-07
1.27E-06
2.45E-06
3.61E-06
6.78E-06
8.21E-07
1.60E-06
2.85E-06
3.93E-06
7.31E-06
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Pathway HQ
6.41E-07
1.78E-06
7.53E-06
3.17E-08
6.50E-08
1.22E-07
1.69E-07
3.38E-07
4.17E-07
9.36E-07
1.72E-06
2.41E-06
4.20E-06
8.17E-08
1.90E-06
4.42E-06
1.11E-05
3.41E-04
8.45E-04
1.63E-03
2.40E-03
4.52E-03
5.47E-04
1.06E-03
1.90E-03
2.62E-03
4.88E-03
Q-C-18
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.00E-05
3.00E-05
4.15E-05
4.94E-05
6.70E-05
5.24E-04
1.15E-03
2.25E-03
3.31E-03
6.31E-03
8.57E-05
1.91E-04
3.92E-04
6.12E-04
1.15E-03
4.73E-04
1.05E-03
2.24E-03
3.37E-03
6.41E-03
1.18E-04
2.83E-04
5.52E-04
8.19E-04
1.45E-03
6.42E-05
1.44E-04
2.90E-04
4.50E-04
9.42E-04
7.62E-06
3.13E-05
Pathway HQ
2.85E-04
4.28E-04
5.92E-04
7.06E-04
9.57E-04
7.49E-03
1.64E-02
3.22E-02
4.73E-02
9.01E-02
1.22E-03
2.72E-03
5.60E-03
8.75E-03
1.65E-02
6.75E-03
1.50E-02
3.20E-02
4.82E-02
9.16E-02
1.68E-03
4.04E-03
7.88E-03
1.17E-02
2.08E-02
9.17E-04
2.06E-03
4.14E-03
6.42E-03
1.35E-02
1.09E-04
4.48E-04
Q-C-19
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.01E-04
1.92E-04
5.61E-04
6.90E-06
1.39E-05
2.48E-05
3.44E-05
6.09E-05
3.87E-04
7.71E-04
1.33E-03
1.72E-03
2.98E-03
l.OOE-17
1.69E-12
7.14E-04
1.84E-03
3.93E-03
5.98E-03
1.23E-02
3.69E-03
6.03E-03
9.14E-03
1.19E-02
1.86E-02
Pathway HQ
1.45E-03
2.74E-03
8.01E-03
9.85E-05
1.99E-04
3.55E-04
4.92E-04
8.71E-04
5.53E-03
1.10E-02
1.90E-02
2.45E-02
4.25E-02
1.44E-16
2.42E-11
1.02E-02
2.63E-02
5.61E-02
8.54E-02
1.76E-01
5.27E-02
8.61E-02
1.31E-01
1.70E-01
2.65E-01
Q-C-20
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.34E-04
2.16E-04
3.12E-04
3.80E-04
5.19E-04
5.44E-04
1.34E-03
2.93E-03
4.92E-03
1.21E-02
1.01E-04
2.01E-04
3.45E-04
4.59E-04
8.39E-04
4.85E-04
1.05E-03
2.01E-03
2.84E-03
5.18E-03
2.04E-04
4.57E-04
8.42E-04
1.14E-03
1.89E-03
l.OOE-04
1.88E-04
3.23E-04
4.69E-04
9.34E-04
2.92E-05
1.13E-04
Pathway HQ
1.91E-03
3.08E-03
4.45E-03
5.43E-03
7.41E-03
7.78E-03
1.92E-02
4.19E-02
7.03E-02
1.73E-01
1.45E-03
2.87E-03
4.93E-03
6.56E-03
1.20E-02
6.93E-03
1.50E-02
2.87E-02
4.05E-02
7.40E-02
2.92E-03
6.53E-03
1.20E-02
1.63E-02
2.70E-02
1.43E-03
2.69E-03
4.61E-03
6.69E-03
1.33E-02
4.17E-04
1.61E-03
Q-C-21
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.81E-04
7.39E-04
2.20E-03
1.04E-05
2.03E-05
3.74E-05
5.27E-05
1.02E-04
1.03E-03
2.14E-03
3.98E-03
5.55E-03
9.50E-03
1.46E-17
3.03E-12
1.46E-03
3.68E-03
7.85E-03
1.23E-02
2.63E-02
5.89E-03
1.03E-02
1.65E-02
2.17E-02
3.68E-02
Pathway HQ
5.44E-03
1.06E-02
3.15E-02
1.48E-04
2.90E-04
5.35E-04
7.52E-04
1.46E-03
1.47E-02
3.06E-02
5.69E-02
7.93E-02
1.36E-01
2.09E-16
4.32E-11
2.09E-02
5.25E-02
1.12E-01
1.76E-01
3.76E-01
8.41E-02
1.46E-01
2.36E-01
3.11E-01
5.26E-01
Q-C-22
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Benzoic Acid
CAS: 65-85-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.20E-11
1.85E-10
6.73E-10
1.30E-09
2.82E-09
2.25E-04
8.85E-04
3.11E-03
7.20E-03
2.97E-02
4.74E-06
1.45E-05
4.11E-05
7.65E-05
2.27E-04
2.69E-06
8.73E-06
2.17E-05
4.48E-05
1.36E-04
5.64E-06
2.05E-05
5.61E-05
9.29E-05
2.82E-04
3.37E-06
1.13E-05
3.16E-05
5.76E-05
1.74E-04
5.58E-08
2.79E-07
Pathway HQ
5.51E-12
4.63E-11
1.69E-10
3.26E-10
7.03E-10
5.66E-05
2.20E-04
7.75E-04
1.80E-03
7.43E-03
1.19E-06
3.62E-06
1.03E-05
1.92E-05
5.68E-05
6.71E-07
2.19E-06
5.44E-06
1.12E-05
3.39E-05
1.41E-06
5.14E-06
1.40E-05
2.32E-05
7.05E-05
8.45E-07
2.82E-06
7.88E-06
1.44E-05
4.33E-05
1.39E-08
6.96E-08
Q-C-23
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Benzoic Acid
CAS: 65-85-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.04E-06
2.00E-06
6.26E-06
3.89E-10
1.11E-09
2.92E-09
5.26E-09
1.31E-08
2.77E-08
7.77E-08
2.00E-07
3.59E-07
8.18E-07
4.29E-11
2.71E-09
6.78E-08
2.44E-07
9.07E-07
8.55E-06
2.45E-05
5.68E-05
8.75E-05
2.54E-04
3.07E-04
9.85E-04
3.34E-03
7.40E-03
2.99E-02
Pathway HQ
2.61E-07
5.01E-07
1.56E-06
9.75E-11
2.77E-10
7.31E-10
1.31E-09
3.27E-09
6.91E-09
1.94E-08
4.99E-08
8.97E-08
2.04E-07
1.07E-11
6.76E-10
1.69E-08
6.11E-08
2.27E-07
2.14E-06
6.13E-06
1.42E-05
2.19E-05
6.33E-05
7.70E-05
2.45E-04
8.37E-04
1.85E-03
7.48E-03
Q-C-24
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Benzoic Acid
CAS: 65-85-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.22E-10
1.92E-09
7.18E-09
1.23E-08
2.67E-08
3.71E-04
1.39E-03
5.14E-03
1.09E-02
3.91E-02
8.28E-06
2.15E-05
5.34E-05
8.57E-05
2.07E-04
4.01E-06
1.18E-05
2.89E-05
5.24E-05
1.22E-04
1.67E-05
4.71E-05
1.18E-04
2.15E-04
6.16E-04
8.27E-06
2.17E-05
5.43E-05
8.43E-05
2.04E-04
3.37E-07
1.52E-06
Pathway HQ
5.54E-11
4.79E-10
1.79E-09
3.07E-09
6.68E-09
9.25E-05
3.47E-04
1.28E-03
2.74E-03
9.79E-03
2.07E-06
5.39E-06
1.33E-05
2.14E-05
5.19E-05
l.OOE-06
2.96E-06
7.21E-06
1.31E-05
3.04E-05
4.16E-06
1.18E-05
2.94E-05
5.39E-05
1.54E-04
2.07E-06
5.43E-06
1.36E-05
2.10E-05
5.08E-05
8.42E-08
3.81E-07
Q-C-25
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Benzoic Acid
CAS: 65-85-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.39E-06
9.54E-06
3.34E-05
8.13E-10
2.32E-09
5.69E-09
9.69E-09
2.19E-08
1.18E-07
3.12E-07
8.40E-07
1.46E-06
3.09E-06
1.36E-10
7.55E-09
1.99E-07
6.15E-07
2.15E-06
2.39E-05
6.65E-05
1.43E-04
2.27E-04
5.73E-04
5.23E-04
1.57E-03
5.43E-03
1.16E-02
3.99E-02
Pathway HQ
1.35E-06
2.39E-06
8.37E-06
2.04E-10
5.79E-10
1.42E-09
2.42E-09
5.44E-09
2.94E-08
7.83E-08
2.10E-07
3.64E-07
7.75E-07
3.41E-11
1.89E-09
4.96E-08
1.54E-07
5.39E-07
5.98E-06
1.66E-05
3.59E-05
5.68E-05
1.43E-04
1.30E-04
3.92E-04
1.36E-03
2.89E-03
l.OOE-02
Q-C-26
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.86E-08
1.33E-07
1.81E-07
2.16E-07
2.97E-07
1.52E-07
3.34E-07
6.69E-07
9.73E-07
1.90E-06
4.58E-08
1.03E-07
2.26E-07
3.33E-07
6.52E-07
1.45E-07
3.14E-07
6.79E-07
1.03E-06
1.89E-06
5.13E-08
1.26E-07
2.42E-07
3.49E-07
6.59E-07
2.85E-08
6.28E-08
1.27E-07
1.96E-07
4.27E-07
2.94E-07
1.11E-06
Pathway HQ
4.43E-05
6.66E-05
9.06E-05
1.08E-04
1.49E-04
7.62E-05
1.67E-04
3.34E-04
4.87E-04
9.50E-04
2.29E-05
5.14E-05
1.13E-04
1.67E-04
3.26E-04
7.25E-05
1.57E-04
3.40E-04
5.15E-04
9.46E-04
2.57E-05
6.28E-05
1.21E-04
1.75E-04
3.30E-04
1.43E-05
3.14E-05
6.34E-05
9.78E-05
2.14E-04
1.47E-04
5.55E-04
Q-C-27
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.31E-06
6.93E-06
2.08E-05
5.22E-08
1.07E-07
1.91E-07
2.67E-07
4.66E-07
7.38E-10
1.52E-09
2.59E-09
3.39E-09
5.68E-09
3.77E-19
1.92E-11
1.05E-09
5.77E-08
4.77E-06
1.18E-05
2.43E-05
3.77E-05
7.30E-05
6.66E-06
1.50E-05
2.98E-05
4.57E-05
8.44E-05
Pathway HQ
1.65E-03
3.46E-03
1.04E-02
2.61E-05
5.34E-05
9.55E-05
1.33E-04
2.33E-04
3.69E-07
7.62E-07
1.29E-06
1.70E-06
2.84E-06
1.89E-16
9.58E-09
5.24E-07
2.89E-05
2.39E-03
5.91E-03
1.21E-02
1.88E-02
3.65E-02
3.33E-03
7.48E-03
1.49E-02
2.28E-02
4.22E-02
Q-C-28
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.78E-07
9.37E-07
1.38E-06
1.66E-06
2.22E-06
1.62E-07
3.98E-07
8.63E-07
1.47E-06
3.46E-06
5.64E-08
1.12E-07
1.98E-07
2.80E-07
5.61E-07
1.52E-07
3.27E-07
6.05E-07
8.68E-07
1.56E-06
9.12E-08
2.02E-07
3.69E-07
4.99E-07
8.34E-07
4.49E-08
8.27E-08
1.46E-07
2.05E-07
4.19E-07
1.11E-06
4.01E-06
Pathway HQ
2.89E-04
4.69E-04
6.91E-04
8.30E-04
1.11E-03
8.11E-05
1.99E-04
4.32E-04
7.33E-04
1.73E-03
2.82E-05
5.58E-05
9.88E-05
1.40E-04
2.81E-04
7.61E-05
1.63E-04
3.03E-04
4.34E-04
7.81E-04
4.56E-05
1.01E-04
1.84E-04
2.50E-04
4.17E-04
2.24E-05
4.13E-05
7.28E-05
1.02E-04
2.10E-04
5.56E-04
2.00E-03
Q-C-29
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.29E-05
2.58E-05
8.28E-05
8.15E-08
1.61E-07
2.99E-07
4.24E-07
7.97E-07
2.08E-09
4.46E-09
8.17E-09
1.11E-08
1.93E-08
8.18E-19
2.86E-11
2.09E-09
8.16E-08
9.55E-06
2.42E-05
5.28E-05
7.35E-05
1.40E-04
1.44E-05
3.35E-05
6.73E-05
1.02E-04
1.90E-04
Pathway HQ
6.46E-03
1.29E-02
4.14E-02
4.08E-05
8.04E-05
1.50E-04
2.12E-04
3.98E-04
1.04E-06
2.23E-06
4.09E-06
5.55E-06
9.65E-06
4.09E-16
1.43E-08
1.05E-06
4.08E-05
4.78E-03
1.21E-02
2.64E-02
3.68E-02
7.00E-02
7.19E-03
1.68E-02
3.36E-02
5.12E-02
9.51E-02
Q-C-30
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.60E-17
1.22E-16
1.74E-16
2.06E-16
2.65E-16
1.06E-06
2.84E-06
6.82E-06
1.13E-05
3.03E-05
3.44E-07
8.22E-07
1.69E-06
2.67E-06
5.35E-06
1.86E-07
4.74E-07
1.08E-06
1.45E-06
3.17E-06
4.11E-07
1.23E-06
2.50E-06
3.79E-06
6.02E-06
2.41E-07
5.95E-07
1.33E-06
2.08E-06
4.04E-06
9.23E-09
5.53E-08
Pathway HQ
1.32E-15
2.43E-15
3.49E-15
4.13E-15
5.30E-15
2.13E-05
5.68E-05
1.36E-04
2.27E-04
6.05E-04
6.88E-06
1.64E-05
3.38E-05
5.35E-05
1.07E-04
3.73E-06
9.47E-06
2.16E-05
2.91E-05
6.34E-05
8.22E-06
2.45E-05
5.01E-05
7.58E-05
1.20E-04
4.82E-06
1.19E-05
2.66E-05
4.17E-05
8.08E-05
1.85E-07
1.11E-06
Q-C-31
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.21E-07
4.43E-07
1.48E-06
4.15E-09
9.17E-09
1.81E-08
2.50E-08
5.41E-08
3.10E-08
7.04E-08
1.30E-07
1.71E-07
2.47E-07
2.25E-08
7.66E-08
2.41E-07
1.14E-06
2.16E-05
4.14E-06
7.58E-06
1.32E-05
1.91E-05
4.12E-05
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Pathway HQ
4.41E-06
8.86E-06
2.95E-05
8.30E-08
1.83E-07
3.63E-07
5.00E-07
1.08E-06
6.20E-07
1.41E-06
2.60E-06
3.41E-06
4.94E-06
4.51E-07
1.53E-06
4.81E-06
2.29E-05
4.32E-04
8.28E-05
1.52E-04
2.64E-04
3.82E-04
8.25E-04
Q-C-32
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.06E-16
1.12E-15
1.50E-15
1.76E-15
2.25E-15
1.60E-06
4.70E-06
1.17E-05
2.04E-05
5.46E-05
6.03E-07
1.14E-06
1.93E-06
2.55E-06
4.08E-06
2.96E-07
6.62E-07
1.21E-06
1.67E-06
2.67E-06
1.26E-06
2.79E-06
5.14E-06
7.11E-06
1.03E-05
6.22E-07
1.10E-06
1.88E-06
2.54E-06
5.05E-06
5.87E-08
3.28E-07
Pathway HQ
1.41E-14
2.23E-14
3.00E-14
3.52E-14
4.51E-14
3.21E-05
9.40E-05
2.34E-04
4.09E-04
1.09E-03
1.21E-05
2.29E-05
3.86E-05
5.11E-05
8.16E-05
5.91E-06
1.32E-05
2.43E-05
3.33E-05
5.34E-05
2.52E-05
5.59E-05
1.03E-04
1.42E-04
2.06E-04
1.24E-05
2.20E-05
3.76E-05
5.07E-05
1.01E-04
1.17E-06
6.56E-06
Q-C-33
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.13E-06
2.15E-06
7.40E-06
8.93E-09
1.75E-08
3.22E-08
4.59E-08
9.20E-08
1.32E-07
2.93E-07
5.01E-07
6.74E-07
1.13E-06
6.94E-08
2.04E-07
6.33E-07
2.91E-06
5.07E-05
7.38E-06
1.28E-05
2.27E-05
3.61E-05
8.78E-05
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Pathway HQ
2.26E-05
4.30E-05
1.48E-04
1.79E-07
3.50E-07
6.43E-07
9.18E-07
1.84E-06
2.64E-06
5.86E-06
l.OOE-05
1.35E-05
2.27E-05
1.39E-06
4.08E-06
1.27E-05
5.82E-05
1.01E-03
1.48E-04
2.56E-04
4.55E-04
7.21E-04
1.76E-03
Q-C-34
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.71E-17
1.25E-16
1.76E-16
2.05E-16
2.66E-16
1.28E-06
3.42E-06
8.26E-06
1.37E-05
3.65E-05
1.09E-07
2.59E-07
5.36E-07
8.42E-07
1.70E-06
5.89E-08
1.51E-07
3.39E-07
4.57E-07
9.71E-07
1.26E-07
3.75E-07
7.67E-07
1.16E-06
1.84E-06
7.37E-08
1.82E-07
4.08E-07
6.38E-07
1.24E-06
1.18E-08
6.97E-08
Pathway HQ
3.36E-16
6.28E-16
8.82E-16
1.03E-15
1.33E-15
6.42E-06
1.72E-05
4.11E-05
6.84E-05
1.83E-04
5.43E-07
1.30E-06
2.67E-06
4.21E-06
8.49E-06
2.94E-07
7.57E-07
1.69E-06
2.29E-06
4.84E-06
6.28E-07
1.88E-06
3.85E-06
5.79E-06
9.21E-06
3.68E-07
9.11E-07
2.03E-06
3.19E-06
6.19E-06
5.89E-08
3.49E-07
Q-C-35
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.71E-07
5.72E-07
1.87E-06
1.42E-08
3.14E-08
5.89E-08
8.36E-08
1.61E-07
9.05E-08
2.03E-07
3.68E-07
4.90E-07
7.04E-07
8.49E-08
2.79E-07
8.23E-07
1.34E-06
3.36E-06
2.83E-06
5.43E-06
1.04E-05
1.61E-05
3.82E-05
Pathway HQ
1.35E-06
2.87E-06
9.38E-06
7.14E-08
1.57E-07
2.94E-07
4.18E-07
8.06E-07
4.54E-07
1.02E-06
1.84E-06
2.45E-06
3.52E-06
4.24E-07
1.39E-06
4.11E-06
6.68E-06
1.68E-05
1.41E-05
2.72E-05
5.17E-05
8.03E-05
1.91E-04
Q-C-36
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.17E-16
1.15E-15
1.53E-15
1.77E-15
2.22E-15
1.94E-06
5.69E-06
1.41E-05
2.47E-05
6.58E-05
1.94E-07
3.62E-07
6.09E-07
8.09E-07
1.28E-06
9.31E-08
2.13E-07
3.82E-07
5.33E-07
8.62E-07
3.85E-07
8.55E-07
1.58E-06
2.18E-06
3.16E-06
1.90E-07
3.36E-07
5.76E-07
7.76E-07
1.55E-06
7.70E-08
4.05E-07
Pathway HQ
3.59E-15
5.76E-15
7.63E-15
8.85E-15
1.11E-14
9.67E-06
2.84E-05
7.07E-05
1.23E-04
3.29E-04
9.71E-07
1.80E-06
3.04E-06
4.05E-06
6.42E-06
4.64E-07
1.06E-06
1.91E-06
2.66E-06
4.31E-06
1.93E-06
4.28E-06
7.86E-06
1.09E-05
1.58E-05
9.54E-07
1.68E-06
2.88E-06
3.88E-06
7.73E-06
3.85E-07
2.03E-06
Q-C-37
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.36E-06
2.65E-06
9.05E-06
3.05E-08
5.92E-08
1.10E-07
1.56E-07
2.85E-07
3.85E-07
8.49E-07
1.43E-06
1.93E-06
3.29E-06
2.44E-07
7.30E-07
2.00E-06
3.52E-06
7.83E-06
5.46E-06
1.03E-05
1.97E-05
3.01E-05
7.07E-05
Pathway HQ
6.81E-06
1.33E-05
4.54E-05
1.53E-07
2.96E-07
5.53E-07
7.83E-07
1.42E-06
1.92E-06
4.24E-06
7.17E-06
9.67E-06
1.65E-05
1.22E-06
3.65E-06
l.OOE-05
1.77E-05
3.92E-05
2.73E-05
5.13E-05
9.87E-05
1.50E-04
3.52E-04
Q-C-38
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.45E-23
8.29E-17
6.76E-15
3.16E-14
2.46E-13
7.29E-08
4.38E-07
1.55E-06
3.16E-06
1.26E-05
1.75E-07
5.26E-07
1.32E-06
2.31E-06
5.23E-06
1.02E-07
2.96E-07
7.20E-07
1.27E-06
2.73E-06
6.73E-08
4.51E-07
1.36E-06
2.21E-06
5.29E-06
4.51E-08
2.44E-07
7.14E-07
1.23E-06
3.41E-06
3.38E-11
1.53E-10
Pathway HQ
5.45E-22
8.29E-16
6.76E-14
3.16E-13
2.46E-12
7.29E-07
4.38E-06
1.55E-05
3.16E-05
1.26E-04
1.75E-06
5.26E-06
1.32E-05
2.31E-05
5.23E-05
1.02E-06
2.96E-06
7.20E-06
1.27E-05
2.73E-05
6.73E-07
4.51E-06
1.36E-05
2.21E-05
5.29E-05
4.51E-07
2.44E-06
7.14E-06
1.23E-05
3.41E-05
3.38E-10
1.53E-09
Q-C-39
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.88E-10
1.05E-09
3.54E-09
4.44E-11
1.05E-10
2.13E-10
3.19E-10
6.57E-10
1.43E-09
3.47E-09
7.61E-09
1.20E-08
2.05E-08
1.74E-13
2.58E-11
2.58E-10
7.95E-10
3.98E-09
2.31E-06
5.29E-06
9.92E-06
1.46E-05
2.68E-05
4.41E-06
8.36E-06
1.43E-05
1.99E-05
3.26E-05
Pathway HQ
4.88E-09
1.05E-08
3.54E-08
4.44E-10
1.05E-09
2.13E-09
3.19E-09
6.57E-09
1.43E-08
3.47E-08
7.61E-08
1.20E-07
2.05E-07
1.74E-12
2.58E-10
2.58E-09
7.95E-09
3.98E-08
2.31E-05
5.29E-05
9.92E-05
1.46E-04
2.68E-04
4.41E-05
8.36E-05
1.43E-04
1.99E-04
3.26E-04
Q-C-40
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.06E-22
6.20E-16
5.01E-14
2.91E-13
2.10E-12
1.10E-07
6.39E-07
2.46E-06
5.35E-06
1.91E-05
3.10E-07
8.26E-07
1.63E-06
2.43E-06
4.41E-06
1.57E-07
4.29E-07
9.89E-07
1.56E-06
2.78E-06
2.27E-07
1.21E-06
3.02E-06
4.85E-06
1.08E-05
1.40E-07
5.70E-07
1.25E-06
1.88E-06
3.76E-06
2.05E-10
8.42E-10
Pathway HQ
2.06E-21
6.20E-15
5.01E-13
2.91E-12
2.10E-11
1.10E-06
6.39E-06
2.46E-05
5.35E-05
1.91E-04
3.10E-06
8.26E-06
1.63E-05
2.43E-05
4.41E-05
1.57E-06
4.29E-06
9.89E-06
1.56E-05
2.78E-05
2.27E-06
1.21E-05
3.02E-05
4.85E-05
1.08E-04
1.40E-06
5.70E-06
1.25E-05
1.88E-05
3.76E-05
2.05E-09
8.42E-09
Q-C-41
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.55E-09
5.01E-09
1.88E-08
9.77E-11
2.03E-10
4.10E-10
6.20E-10
1.20E-09
6.04E-09
1.51E-08
3.10E-08
4.60E-08
8.83E-08
6.76E-13
7.64E-11
7.51E-10
2.36E-09
8.36E-09
6.42E-06
1.33E-05
2.45E-05
3.44E-05
6.70E-05
9.89E-06
1.86E-05
2.93E-05
4.13E-05
7.76E-05
Pathway HQ
2.55E-08
5.01E-08
1.88E-07
9.77E-10
2.03E-09
4.10E-09
6.20E-09
1.20E-08
6.04E-08
1.51E-07
3.10E-07
4.60E-07
8.83E-07
6.76E-12
7.64E-10
7.51E-09
2.36E-08
8.36E-08
6.42E-05
1.33E-04
2.45E-04
3.44E-04
6.70E-04
9.89E-05
1.86E-04
2.93E-04
4.13E-04
7.76E-04
Q-C-42
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.05E-09
2.63E-09
4.66E-09
6.15E-09
1.04E-08
5.74E-06
1.55E-05
3.85E-05
6.83E-05
2.00E-04
5.62E-06
1.51E-05
3.28E-05
5.24E-05
1.22E-04
3.28E-06
8.73E-06
1.99E-05
2.93E-05
6.18E-05
6.94E-06
2.18E-05
4.85E-05
7.33E-05
1.37E-04
4.21E-06
1.14E-05
2.57E-05
4.05E-05
8.92E-05
9.35E-08
3.42E-07
Pathway HQ
2.64E-07
6.57E-07
1.17E-06
1.54E-06
2.60E-06
1.44E-03
3.87E-03
9.62E-03
1.71E-02
5.00E-02
1.40E-03
3.78E-03
8.20E-03
1.31E-02
3.06E-02
8.19E-04
2.18E-03
4.98E-03
7.33E-03
1.54E-02
1.74E-03
5.45E-03
1.21E-02
1.83E-02
3.43E-02
1.05E-03
2.86E-03
6.43E-03
1.01E-02
2.23E-02
2.34E-05
8.55E-05
Q-C-43
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.03E-06
1.89E-06
6.39E-06
4.91E-10
1.12E-09
2.19E-09
3.24E-09
6.46E-09
3.50E-08
8.24E-08
1.61E-07
2.25E-07
3.52E-07
4.00E-08
4.44E-07
3.34E-06
9.71E-06
3.50E-05
7.60E-06
1.55E-05
2.81E-05
3.86E-05
7.64E-05
6.04E-05
1.08E-04
1.71E-04
2.31E-04
3.69E-04
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Pathway HQ
2.58E-04
4.73E-04
1.60E-03
1.23E-07
2.79E-07
5.46E-07
8.09E-07
1.61E-06
8.75E-06
2.06E-05
4.02E-05
5.63E-05
8.79E-05
9.99E-06
1.11E-04
8.35E-04
2.43E-03
8.75E-03
1.90E-03
3.86E-03
7.04E-03
9.65E-03
1.91E-02
1.51E-02
2.71E-02
4.28E-02
5.78E-02
9.22E-02
Q-C-44
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.18E-08
2.52E-08
4.27E-08
5.52E-08
1.01E-07
8.85E-06
2.59E-05
6.56E-05
1.24E-04
3.38E-04
1.06E-05
2.12E-05
3.84E-05
5.35E-05
9.04E-05
5.20E-06
1.23E-05
2.36E-05
3.32E-05
5.64E-05
2.20E-05
5.21E-05
9.79E-05
1.39E-04
2.59E-04
1.08E-05
2.12E-05
3.78E-05
5.15E-05
1.01E-04
5.12E-07
1.78E-06
Pathway HQ
2.95E-06
6.30E-06
1.07E-05
1.38E-05
2.54E-05
2.21E-03
6.46E-03
1.64E-02
3.09E-02
8.44E-02
2.64E-03
5.30E-03
9.59E-03
1.34E-02
2.26E-02
1.30E-03
3.07E-03
5.91E-03
8.30E-03
1.41E-02
5.50E-03
1.30E-02
2.45E-02
3.46E-02
6.48E-02
2.70E-03
5.29E-03
9.45E-03
1.29E-02
2.53E-02
1.28E-04
4.46E-04
Q-C-45
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.11E-06
9.33E-06
2.99E-05
1.05E-09
2.07E-09
4.12E-09
6.01E-09
1.18E-08
1.44E-07
3.40E-07
6.45E-07
9.05E-07
1.57E-06
1.11E-07
1.37E-06
1.01E-05
2.59E-05
7.52E-05
2.06E-05
3.97E-05
7.03E-05
9.71E-05
1.76E-04
1.19E-04
1.92E-04
2.82E-04
3.58E-04
6.15E-04
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Pathway HQ
1.28E-03
2.33E-03
7.47E-03
2.63E-07
5.19E-07
1.03E-06
1.50E-06
2.95E-06
3.61E-05
8.50E-05
1.61E-04
2.26E-04
3.92E-04
2.76E-05
3.42E-04
2.53E-03
6.48E-03
1.88E-02
5.15E-03
9.92E-03
1.76E-02
2.43E-02
4.40E-02
2.96E-02
4.79E-02
7.04E-02
8.96E-02
1.54E-01
Q-C-46
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.84E-11
5.20E-11
1.10E-10
1.60E-10
2.95E-10
1.43E-07
3.85E-07
9.11E-07
1.58E-06
4.69E-06
1.76E-07
4.32E-07
9.45E-07
1.52E-06
3.16E-06
1.02E-07
2.50E-07
5.73E-07
8.23E-07
1.71E-06
1.40E-07
4.54E-07
1.02E-06
1.57E-06
2.68E-06
8.45E-08
2.27E-07
5.29E-07
8.54E-07
1.76E-06
9.48E-10
4.23E-09
Pathway HQ
9.20E-10
2.60E-09
5.51E-09
7.98E-09
1.47E-08
7.17E-06
1.93E-05
4.54E-05
7.89E-05
2.34E-04
8.80E-06
2.16E-05
4.73E-05
7.61E-05
1.58E-04
5.10E-06
1.25E-05
2.86E-05
4.13E-05
8.54E-05
7.01E-06
2.27E-05
5.07E-05
7.86E-05
1.34E-04
4.23E-06
1.13E-05
2.65E-05
4.26E-05
8.83E-05
4.73E-08
2.12E-07
Q-C-47
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.49E-08
2.99E-08
1.03E-07
2.61E-10
5.79E-10
1.11E-09
1.53E-09
3.05E-09
1.47E-09
3.35E-09
6.07E-09
8.20E-09
1.23E-08
1.82E-08
9.58E-08
2.31E-07
3.63E-07
7.17E-07
1.60E-06
3.60E-06
7.17E-06
1.04E-05
2.02E-05
3.32E-06
5.82E-06
9.58E-06
1.31E-05
2.34E-05
Pathway HQ
7.45E-07
1.49E-06
5.13E-06
1.31E-08
2.90E-08
5.54E-08
7.67E-08
1.53E-07
7.36E-08
1.67E-07
3.04E-07
4.10E-07
6.17E-07
9.14E-07
4.79E-06
1.16E-05
1.82E-05
3.60E-05
8.01E-05
1.79E-04
3.57E-04
5.20E-04
1.01E-03
1.66E-04
2.91E-04
4.79E-04
6.54E-04
1.17E-03
Q-C-48
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.04E-10
5.26E-10
1.02E-09
1.48E-09
2.59E-09
2.11E-07
6.57E-07
1.62E-06
2.76E-06
7.64E-06
3.22E-07
6.23E-07
1.05E-06
1.45E-06
2.37E-06
1.59E-07
3.57E-07
6.64E-07
9.23E-07
1.54E-06
4.51E-07
1.09E-06
2.08E-06
2.98E-06
4.57E-06
2.33E-07
4.32E-07
7.67E-07
1.07E-06
2.18E-06
5.32E-09
2.19E-08
Pathway HQ
1.02E-08
2.62E-08
5.10E-08
7.39E-08
1.30E-07
1.06E-05
3.29E-05
8.14E-05
1.38E-04
3.82E-04
1.61E-05
3.11E-05
5.29E-05
7.26E-05
1.18E-04
7.95E-06
1.79E-05
3.32E-05
4.63E-05
7.70E-05
2.25E-05
5.41E-05
1.04E-04
1.49E-04
2.28E-04
1.16E-05
2.16E-05
3.85E-05
5.35E-05
1.09E-04
2.66E-07
1.09E-06
Q-C-49
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.29E-08
1.38E-07
5.20E-07
5.51E-10
1.09E-09
2.04E-09
2.84E-09
5.51E-09
6.20E-09
1.39E-08
2.41E-08
3.22E-08
5.54E-08
5.85E-08
2.71E-07
5.98E-07
9.01E-07
1.80E-06
4.41E-06
9.23E-06
1.72E-05
2.51E-05
5.04E-05
7.17E-06
1.25E-05
2.04E-05
2.85E-05
5.54E-05
Pathway HQ
3.63E-06
6.92E-06
2.60E-05
2.75E-08
5.41E-08
1.02E-07
1.42E-07
2.76E-07
3.10E-07
6.95E-07
1.20E-06
1.61E-06
2.78E-06
2.92E-06
1.36E-05
2.99E-05
4.51E-05
8.98E-05
2.21E-04
4.63E-04
8.61E-04
1.25E-03
2.51E-03
3.60E-04
6.26E-04
1.02E-03
1.42E-03
2.76E-03
Q-C-50
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.12E-13
7.49E-13
1.04E-12
1.24E-12
1.56E-12
2.65E-09
7.09E-09
1.70E-08
2.83E-08
7.54E-08
5.60E-10
1.33E-09
2.76E-09
4.37E-09
8.79E-09
3.05E-10
7.65E-10
1.75E-09
2.36E-09
5.06E-09
6.75E-10
2.01E-09
4.11E-09
6.22E-09
9.86E-09
3.96E-10
9.77E-10
2.18E-09
3.42E-09
6.63E-09
2.81E-10
1.19E-09
Pathway HQ
2.06E-11
3.74E-11
5.20E-11
6.20E-11
7.77E-11
1.32E-07
3.55E-07
8.52E-07
1.41E-06
3.77E-06
2.80E-08
6.65E-08
1.38E-07
2.19E-07
4.40E-07
1.52E-08
3.82E-08
8.77E-08
1.18E-07
2.52E-07
3.37E-08
1.01E-07
2.06E-07
3.11E-07
4.94E-07
1.98E-08
4.88E-08
1.09E-07
1.71E-07
3.32E-07
1.40E-08
5.94E-08
Q-C-51
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.89E-09
6.84E-09
2.29E-08
2.01E-11
4.45E-11
8.56E-11
1.17E-10
2.32E-10
1.43E-10
3.23E-10
5.80E-10
7.81E-10
1.10E-09
3.93E-10
8.93E-10
1.59E-09
2.26E-09
3.96E-09
9.51E-09
1.73E-08
2.92E-08
4.09E-08
9.00E-08
Pathway HQ
1.94E-07
3.41E-07
1.14E-06
1.01E-09
2.22E-09
4.27E-09
5.83E-09
1.16E-08
7.16E-09
1.61E-08
2.90E-08
3.91E-08
5.52E-08
1.96E-08
4.46E-08
7.94E-08
1.13E-07
1.97E-07
4.75E-07
8.65E-07
1.46E-06
2.04E-06
4.50E-06
Q-C-52
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.41E-12
6.84E-12
9.14E-12
1.05E-11
1.32E-11
4.00E-09
1.17E-08
2.92E-08
5.10E-08
1.36E-07
9.77E-10
1.86E-09
3.08E-09
4.14E-09
6.58E-09
4.81E-10
1.06E-09
1.97E-09
2.66E-09
4.32E-09
2.07E-09
4.59E-09
8.44E-09
1.17E-08
1.69E-08
1.03E-09
1.81E-09
3.08E-09
4.16E-09
8.30E-09
1.58E-09
6.30E-09
Pathway HQ
2.20E-10
3.42E-10
4.56E-10
5.26E-10
6.60E-10
2.00E-07
5.87E-07
1.46E-06
2.55E-06
6.81E-06
4.90E-08
9.29E-08
1.54E-07
2.07E-07
3.29E-07
2.41E-08
5.34E-08
9.86E-08
1.33E-07
2.17E-07
1.03E-07
2.29E-07
4.23E-07
5.84E-07
8.47E-07
5.11E-08
9.02E-08
1.55E-07
2.08E-07
4.15E-07
7.89E-08
3.14E-07
Q-C-53
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.91E-08
3.48E-08
1.14E-07
4.34E-11
8.35E-11
1.56E-10
2.16E-10
4.06E-10
6.02E-10
1.33E-09
2.27E-09
3.06E-09
5.32E-09
1.10E-09
2.28E-09
3.95E-09
5.44E-09
9.96E-09
1.98E-08
3.48E-08
6.32E-08
9.31E-08
2.04E-07
Pathway HQ
9.58E-07
1.74E-06
5.71E-06
2.17E-09
4.17E-09
7.77E-09
1.07E-08
2.03E-08
3.02E-08
6.66E-08
1.13E-07
1.53E-07
2.66E-07
5.51E-08
1.14E-07
1.97E-07
2.72E-07
4.96E-07
9.86E-07
1.74E-06
3.16E-06
4.65E-06
1.03E-05
Q-C-54
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.64E-13
1.42E-12
2.02E-12
2.37E-12
3.01E-12
3.52E-09
9.41E-09
2.26E-08
3.75E-08
l.OOE-07
6.55E-10
1.57E-09
3.22E-09
5.08E-09
1.02E-08
3.53E-10
9.16E-10
2.03E-09
2.77E-09
5.77E-09
7.41E-10
2.21E-09
4.52E-09
6.84E-09
1.09E-08
4.35E-10
1.08E-09
2.40E-09
3.76E-09
7.29E-09
1.04E-09
4.31E-09
Pathway HQ
2.55E-08
4.73E-08
6.73E-08
7.89E-08
l.OOE-07
1.17E-04
3.14E-04
7.53E-04
1.25E-03
3.33E-03
2.18E-05
5.23E-05
1.07E-04
1.69E-04
3.40E-04
1.18E-05
3.05E-05
6.77E-05
9.23E-05
1.92E-04
2.47E-05
7.37E-05
1.51E-04
2.28E-04
3.62E-04
1.45E-05
3.58E-05
7.99E-05
1.25E-04
2.43E-04
3.46E-05
1.44E-04
Q-C-55
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.37E-08
2.50E-08
8.23E-08
6.03E-11
1.34E-10
2.52E-10
3.55E-10
6.91E-10
3.83E-10
8.61E-10
1.55E-09
2.09E-09
3.02E-09
1.26E-09
3.20E-09
7.23E-09
1.12E-08
2.80E-08
1.58E-08
2.94E-08
5.04E-08
7.52E-08
1.49E-07
Pathway HQ
4.58E-04
8.34E-04
2.74E-03
2.01E-06
4.46E-06
8.39E-06
1.18E-05
2.30E-05
1.28E-05
2.87E-05
5.16E-05
6.95E-05
1.01E-04
4.19E-05
1.07E-04
2.41E-04
3.75E-04
9.33E-04
5.25E-04
9.81E-04
1.68E-03
2.51E-03
4.97E-03
Q-C-56
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.25E-12
1.31E-11
1.75E-11
2.02E-11
2.56E-11
5.31E-09
1.56E-08
3.88E-08
6.76E-08
1.80E-07
1.17E-09
2.18E-09
3.67E-09
4.86E-09
7.65E-09
5.66E-10
1.28E-09
2.30E-09
3.21E-09
5.22E-09
2.27E-09
5.04E-09
9.28E-09
1.28E-08
1.86E-08
1.12E-09
1.99E-09
3.39E-09
4.58E-09
9.12E-09
5.76E-09
2.29E-08
Pathway HQ
2.75E-07
4.38E-07
5.83E-07
6.72E-07
8.53E-07
1.77E-04
5.19E-04
1.29E-03
2.25E-03
6.02E-03
3.91E-05
7.26E-05
1.22E-04
1.62E-04
2.55E-04
1.89E-05
4.27E-05
7.67E-05
1.07E-04
1.74E-04
7.57E-05
1.68E-04
3.09E-04
4.28E-04
6.21E-04
3.74E-05
6.62E-05
1.13E-04
1.53E-04
3.04E-04
1.92E-04
7.63E-04
Q-C-57
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.74E-08
1.35E-07
4.03E-07
1.29E-10
2.48E-10
4.64E-10
6.65E-10
1.21E-09
1.63E-09
3.58E-09
6.05E-09
8.13E-09
1.39E-08
3.55E-09
8.03E-09
1.78E-08
2.81E-08
6.29E-08
3.81E-08
7.08E-08
1.35E-07
2.09E-07
4.89E-07
Pathway HQ
2.25E-03
4.51E-03
1.34E-02
4.29E-06
8.27E-06
1.55E-05
2.22E-05
4.04E-05
5.42E-05
1.19E-04
2.02E-04
2.71E-04
4.64E-04
1.18E-04
2.68E-04
5.94E-04
9.36E-04
2.10E-03
1.27E-03
2.36E-03
4.48E-03
6.95E-03
1.63E-02
Q-C-58
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Cresol, o-
CAS: 95-48-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.86E-13
1.75E-11
8.47E-11
1.67E-10
5.48E-10
1.10E-06
5.26E-06
1.84E-05
3.66E-05
1.34E-04
1.16E-06
4.71E-06
1.37E-05
2.35E-05
5.61E-05
6.68E-07
2.80E-06
7.40E-06
1.41E-05
3.03E-05
1.25E-06
6.63E-06
1.91E-05
3.23E-05
7.53E-05
8.17E-07
3.79E-06
1.01E-05
1.74E-05
4.67E-05
5.52E-09
3.47E-08
Pathway HQ
7.70E-12
3.49E-10
1.69E-09
3.34E-09
1.10E-08
2.21E-05
1.05E-04
3.67E-04
7.32E-04
2.69E-03
2.32E-05
9.46E-05
2.73E-04
4.71E-04
1.12E-03
1.34E-05
5.61E-05
1.48E-04
2.82E-04
6.08E-04
2.49E-05
1.33E-04
3.83E-04
6.46E-04
1.50E-03
1.64E-05
7.58E-05
2.01E-04
3.48E-04
9.33E-04
1.10E-07
6.93E-07
Q-C-59
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Cresol, o-
CAS: 95-48-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.25E-07
2.53E-07
8.13E-07
1.46E-10
5.39E-10
1.39E-09
2.19E-09
4.71E-09
6.85E-09
2.71E-08
7.02E-08
1.15E-07
2.10E-07
4.54E-19
9.16E-07
2.89E-06
8.86E-06
1.64E-05
4.45E-05
1.22E-05
3.87E-05
8.17E-05
1.21E-04
2.35E-04
Pathway HQ
2.49E-06
5.05E-06
1.63E-05
2.91E-09
1.08E-08
2.78E-08
4.37E-08
9.46E-08
1.37E-07
5.44E-07
1.40E-06
2.31E-06
4.20E-06
9.07E-18
1.83E-05
5.78E-05
1.77E-04
3.29E-04
8.95E-04
2.45E-04
7.75E-04
1.63E-03
2.41E-03
4.71E-03
Q-C-60
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Cresol, o-
CAS: 95-48-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.60E-12
1.84E-10
8.56E-10
1.68E-09
5.91E-09
1.65E-06
7.79E-06
2.90E-05
6.03E-05
2.07E-04
2.18E-06
7.83E-06
1.75E-05
2.62E-05
4.96E-05
1.02E-06
4.13E-06
1.09E-05
1.71E-05
3.08E-05
3.83E-06
1.73E-05
4.14E-05
6.68E-05
1.48E-04
2.42E-06
8.22E-06
1.75E-05
2.58E-05
5.09E-05
3.51E-08
1.89E-07
Pathway HQ
7.19E-11
3.69E-09
1.71E-08
3.36E-08
1.18E-07
3.30E-05
1.56E-04
5.82E-04
1.21E-03
4.14E-03
4.37E-05
1.57E-04
3.51E-04
5.26E-04
9.97E-04
2.05E-05
8.26E-05
2.18E-04
3.43E-04
6.16E-04
7.66E-05
3.47E-04
8.26E-04
1.33E-03
2.96E-03
4.84E-05
1.65E-04
3.51E-04
5.14E-04
1.02E-03
7.02E-07
3.78E-06
Q-C-61
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Cresol, o-
CAS: 95-48-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.76E-07
1.19E-06
4.07E-06
3.36E-10
1.08E-09
2.54E-09
4.11E-09
8.69E-09
2.88E-08
1.19E-07
2.89E-07
4.58E-07
8.60E-07
5.44E-18
2.61E-06
7.45E-06
2.23E-05
4.49E-05
1.07E-04
2.77E-05
7.10E-05
1.37E-04
1.95E-04
3.57E-04
Pathway HQ
1.36E-05
2.38E-05
8.13E-05
6.72E-09
2.17E-08
5.09E-08
8.22E-08
1.74E-07
5.78E-07
2.37E-06
5.78E-06
9.12E-06
1.72E-05
1.09E-16
5.22E-05
1.49E-04
4.45E-04
8.99E-04
2.13E-03
5.56E-04
1.43E-03
2.75E-03
3.89E-03
7.15E-03
Q-C-62
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.70E-13
5.23E-13
8.01E-13
9.76E-13
1.34E-12
6.78E-09
1.79E-08
4.26E-08
7.09E-08
1.89E-07
3.75E-09
8.95E-09
1.88E-08
2.94E-08
6.06E-08
2.04E-09
5.22E-09
1.19E-08
1.61E-08
3.42E-08
4.35E-09
1.33E-08
2.71E-08
4.11E-08
6.49E-08
2.58E-09
6.44E-09
1.44E-08
2.28E-08
4.40E-08
1.31E-09
5.90E-09
Pathway HQ
1.35E-09
2.63E-09
4.01E-09
4.87E-09
6.69E-09
3.39E-05
8.95E-05
2.13E-04
3.54E-04
9.48E-04
1.87E-05
4.49E-05
9.34E-05
1.47E-04
3.03E-04
1.02E-05
2.61E-05
5.94E-05
8.01E-05
1.71E-04
2.17E-05
6.63E-05
1.36E-04
2.06E-04
3.24E-04
1.29E-05
3.21E-05
7.17E-05
1.14E-04
2.20E-04
6.53E-06
2.94E-05
Q-C-63
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.79E-08
3.34E-08
1.21E-07
9.48E-12
2.11E-11
3.96E-11
5.67E-11
1.11E-10
7.11E-11
1.61E-10
2.94E-10
3.94E-10
5.62E-10
4.25E-09
1.05E-08
2.29E-08
3.38E-08
8.54E-08
4.98E-08
8.46E-08
1.35E-07
1.76E-07
3.17E-07
Pathway HQ
8.91E-05
1.68E-04
6.06E-04
4.74E-08
1.06E-07
1.98E-07
2.83E-07
5.53E-07
3.55E-07
8.04E-07
1.47E-06
1.96E-06
2.82E-06
2.13E-05
5.26E-05
1.15E-04
1.68E-04
4.27E-04
2.49E-04
4.23E-04
6.77E-04
8.78E-04
1.58E-03
Q-C-64
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.96E-12
4.93E-12
6.96E-12
8.34E-12
1.22E-11
9.98E-09
2.97E-08
7.43E-08
1.30E-07
3.54E-07
6.75E-09
1.25E-08
2.13E-08
2.87E-08
4.56E-08
3.26E-09
7.29E-09
1.32E-08
1.83E-08
2.98E-08
1.36E-08
3.04E-08
5.55E-08
7.78E-08
1.13E-07
6.74E-09
1.19E-08
2.01E-08
2.79E-08
5.31E-08
7.42E-09
2.97E-08
Pathway HQ
1.48E-08
2.48E-08
3.48E-08
4.17E-08
6.12E-08
4.99E-05
1.48E-04
3.72E-04
6.52E-04
1.77E-03
3.38E-05
6.26E-05
1.06E-04
1.43E-04
2.28E-04
1.64E-05
3.64E-05
6.63E-05
9.16E-05
1.49E-04
6.78E-05
1.52E-04
2.78E-04
3.90E-04
5.67E-04
3.38E-05
5.94E-05
1.01E-04
1.39E-04
2.66E-04
3.70E-05
1.49E-04
Q-C-65
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
9.57E-08
1.65E-07
5.53E-07
2.04E-11
4.02E-11
7.34E-11
1.03E-10
1.94E-10
3.00E-10
6.73E-10
1.15E-09
1.54E-09
2.64E-09
1.18E-08
2.67E-08
5.56E-08
8.70E-08
1.95E-07
1.04E-07
1.72E-07
2.75E-07
3.86E-07
8.01E-07
Pathway HQ
4.78E-04
8.26E-04
2.77E-03
1.02E-07
2.01E-07
3.68E-07
5.16E-07
9.65E-07
1.50E-06
3.37E-06
5.75E-06
7.72E-06
1.32E-05
5.89E-05
1.33E-04
2.79E-04
4.35E-04
9.78E-04
5.17E-04
8.65E-04
1.37E-03
1.94E-03
4.00E-03
Q-C-66
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
CAS: 156-60-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.86E-13
7.94E-13
2.08E-12
3.44E-12
6.73E-12
5.03E-08
2.80E-07
1.07E-06
2.21E-06
8.53E-06
1.58E-07
4.70E-07
1.12E-06
1.88E-06
5.00E-06
9.38E-08
2.72E-07
6.29E-07
1.10E-06
2.39E-06
5.82E-08
3.47E-07
1.08E-06
1.87E-06
4.50E-06
3.91E-08
2.07E-07
6.20E-07
1.08E-06
2.92E-06
3.62E-11
1.76E-10
Pathway HQ
9.26E-12
3.97E-11
1.04E-10
1.72E-10
3.35E-10
2.52E-06
1.40E-05
5.32E-05
1.11E-04
4.26E-04
7.91E-06
2.35E-05
5.62E-05
9.38E-05
2.49E-04
4.70E-06
1.36E-05
3.15E-05
5.50E-05
1.19E-04
2.90E-06
1.73E-05
5.38E-05
9.38E-05
2.25E-04
1.95E-06
1.03E-05
3.09E-05
5.41E-05
1.46E-04
1.80E-09
8.79E-09
Q-C-67
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Dichloroethene,
CAS: 156-60-5
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
1,2-trans-
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.32E-10
1.39E-09
5.32E-09
4.94E-11
1.14E-10
2.24E-10
3.29E-10
6.88E-10
1.34E-09
3.15E-09
6.64E-09
1.03E-08
1.78E-08
3.70E-08
9.94E-08
1.91E-07
2.68E-07
5.06E-07
2.21E-06
5.06E-06
9.50E-06
1.41E-05
2.64E-05
4.00E-06
7.59E-06
1.32E-05
1.78E-05
2.94E-05
Agricultural Application
Adult Farmer
Pathway HQ
3.18E-08
6.97E-08
2.65E-07
2.47E-09
5.67E-09
1.12E-08
1.65E-08
3.44E-08
6.70E-08
1.57E-07
3.32E-07
5.17E-07
8.91E-07
1.86E-06
4.97E-06
9.53E-06
1.34E-05
2.53E-05
1.11E-04
2.53E-04
4.73E-04
7.03E-04
1.32E-03
2.01E-04
3.79E-04
6.61E-04
8.91E-04
1.47E-03
Q-C-68
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Dichloroethene, 1,2-trans-
CAS: 156-60-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.13E-12
8.47E-12
2.06E-11
3.09E-11
6.12E-11
7.26E-08
4.17E-07
1.70E-06
3.53E-06
1.30E-05
2.82E-07
6.82E-07
1.39E-06
2.06E-06
3.91E-06
1.43E-07
3.59E-07
8.29E-07
1.28E-06
2.35E-06
1.86E-07
9.53E-07
2.50E-06
4.03E-06
9.29E-06
1.13E-07
4.53E-07
1.04E-06
1.59E-06
3.09E-06
2.18E-10
9.35E-10
Pathway HQ
1.06E-10
4.23E-10
1.03E-09
1.55E-09
3.06E-09
3.62E-06
2.08E-05
8.50E-05
1.76E-04
6.47E-04
1.41E-05
3.41E-05
6.94E-05
1.03E-04
1.96E-04
7.17E-06
1.80E-05
4.15E-05
6.41E-05
1.18E-04
9.29E-06
4.76E-05
1.25E-04
2.01E-04
4.65E-04
5.67E-06
2.26E-05
5.20E-05
7.97E-05
1.54E-04
1.09E-08
4.67E-08
Q-C-69
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the
Dichloroethene,
CAS: 156-60-5
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
1,2-trans-
PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor:
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.35E-09
6.56E-09
2.58E-08
1.04E-10
2.12E-10
4.29E-10
6.41E-10
1.18E-09
5.56E-09
1.35E-08
2.73E-08
4.06E-08
7.79E-08
1.16E-07
2.65E-07
4.73E-07
6.44E-07
1.36E-06
6.14E-06
1.27E-05
2.34E-05
3.32E-05
6.56E-05
9.06E-06
1.66E-05
2.71E-05
3.67E-05
7.26E-05
Agricultural Application
Child Farmer
Pathway HQ
1.68E-07
3.29E-07
1.29E-06
5.20E-09
1.06E-08
2.15E-08
3.20E-08
5.91E-08
2.77E-07
6.76E-07
1.37E-06
2.03E-06
3.91E-06
5.79E-06
1.32E-05
2.37E-05
3.23E-05
6.82E-05
3.09E-04
6.35E-04
1.17E-03
1.66E-03
3.29E-03
4.53E-04
8.29E-04
1.36E-03
1.83E-03
3.62E-03
Q-C-70
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.07E-10
1.76E-10
2.47E-10
2.98E-10
3.83E-10
2.29E-08
5.44E-08
1.15E-07
1.81E-07
4.36E-07
2.00E-09
4.52E-09
9.13E-09
1.40E-08
2.71E-08
1.15E-09
2.59E-09
5.52E-09
7.84E-09
1.52E-08
2.72E-09
6.89E-09
1.34E-08
1.93E-08
3.27E-08
1.51E-09
3.33E-09
7.10E-09
1.07E-08
2.17E-08
3.34E-08
1.26E-07
Pathway HQ
3.59E-07
5.85E-07
8.26E-07
9.92E-07
1.27E-06
7.64E-05
1.81E-04
3.84E-04
6.02E-04
1.46E-03
6.68E-06
1.51E-05
3.05E-05
4.69E-05
9.01E-05
3.82E-06
8.63E-06
1.83E-05
2.61E-05
5.06E-05
9.05E-06
2.29E-05
4.48E-05
6.43E-05
1.09E-04
5.02E-06
1.11E-05
2.36E-05
3.58E-05
7.22E-05
1.11E-04
4.19E-04
Q-C-71
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.98E-07
7.55E-07
2.20E-06
4.52E-10
8.92E-10
1.65E-09
2.33E-09
4.11E-09
2.96E-09
6.06E-09
1.03E-08
1.32E-08
1.98E-08
1.92E-22
2.36E-19
2.04E-16
7.26E-09
1.42E-08
2.42E-08
3.34E-08
6.27E-08
1.15E-07
2.47E-07
5.27E-07
8.76E-07
2.25E-06
Pathway HQ
1.33E-03
2.51E-03
7.30E-03
1.51E-06
2.98E-06
5.52E-06
7.76E-06
1.37E-05
9.88E-06
2.02E-05
3.44E-05
4.40E-05
6.60E-05
6.39E-19
7.88E-16
6.81E-13
2.42E-05
4.73E-05
8.05E-05
1.11E-04
2.10E-04
3.83E-04
8.22E-04
1.75E-03
2.92E-03
7.47E-03
Q-C-72
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
9.96E-10
1.52E-09
2.12E-09
2.52E-09
3.17E-09
3.16E-08
8.30E-08
1.88E-07
3.18E-07
8.51E-07
3.28E-09
5.77E-09
9.38E-09
1.26E-08
2.14E-08
1.63E-09
3.31E-09
5.89E-09
7.72E-09
1.30E-08
6.72E-09
1.44E-08
2.56E-08
3.32E-08
5.06E-08
3.25E-09
5.60E-09
9.38E-09
1.30E-08
2.44E-08
1.58E-07
6.10E-07
Pathway HQ
3.32E-06
5.06E-06
7.05E-06
8.38E-06
1.06E-05
1.05E-04
2.77E-04
6.27E-04
1.06E-03
2.83E-03
1.09E-05
1.92E-05
3.12E-05
4.19E-05
7.14E-05
5.44E-06
1.10E-05
1.97E-05
2.58E-05
4.36E-05
2.25E-05
4.77E-05
8.55E-05
1.10E-04
1.69E-04
1.08E-05
1.86E-05
3.12E-05
4.36E-05
8.13E-05
5.27E-04
2.03E-03
Q-C-73
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.76E-06
3.44E-06
1.05E-05
8.67E-10
1.61E-09
2.90E-09
4.15E-09
7.80E-09
1.10E-08
2.21E-08
3.83E-08
5.10E-08
9.09E-08
3.81E-22
3.34E-19
5.69E-16
1.83E-08
3.42E-08
5.77E-08
8.01E-08
1.40E-07
3.23E-07
8.05E-07
1.96E-06
3.61E-06
1.07E-05
Pathway HQ
5.85E-03
1.15E-02
3.52E-02
2.89E-06
5.35E-06
9.67E-06
1.39E-05
2.61E-05
3.66E-05
7.35E-05
1.28E-04
1.71E-04
3.03E-04
1.27E-18
1.12E-15
1.90E-12
6.10E-05
1.14E-04
1.92E-04
2.67E-04
4.65E-04
1.08E-03
2.68E-03
6.52E-03
1.20E-02
3.57E-02
Q-C-74
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.71E-15
6.77E-15
9.62E-15
1.14E-14
1.46E-14
4.19E-09
1.12E-08
2.69E-08
4.48E-08
1.19E-07
1.46E-09
3.46E-09
7.18E-09
1.13E-08
2.28E-08
7.91E-10
2.00E-09
4.58E-09
6.15E-09
1.31E-08
1.76E-09
5.26E-09
1.07E-08
1.62E-08
2.58E-08
1.03E-09
2.55E-09
5.69E-09
8.93E-09
1.74E-08
3.20E-10
1.60E-09
Pathway HQ
3.71E-10
6.77E-10
9.62E-10
1.14E-09
1.46E-09
4.19E-04
1.12E-03
2.69E-03
4.48E-03
1.19E-02
1.46E-04
3.46E-04
7.18E-04
1.13E-03
2.28E-03
7.91E-05
2.00E-04
4.58E-04
6.15E-04
1.31E-03
1.76E-04
5.26E-04
1.07E-03
1.62E-03
2.58E-03
1.03E-04
2.55E-04
5.69E-04
8.93E-04
1.74E-03
3.20E-05
1.60E-04
Q-C-75
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.62E-09
1.09E-08
3.72E-08
1.31E-11
2.93E-11
5.64E-11
7.65E-11
1.53E-10
1.01E-10
2.26E-10
4.09E-10
5.49E-10
7.73E-10
4.19E-10
1.15E-09
2.41E-09
3.68E-09
7.77E-09
1.85E-08
3.39E-08
5.52E-08
7.28E-08
1.54E-07
Pathway HQ
5.62E-04
1.09E-03
3.72E-03
1.31E-06
2.93E-06
5.64E-06
7.65E-06
1.53E-05
1.01E-05
2.26E-05
4.09E-05
5.49E-05
7.73E-05
4.19E-05
1.15E-04
2.41E-04
3.68E-04
7.77E-04
1.85E-03
3.39E-03
5.52E-03
7.28E-03
1.54E-02
Q-C-76
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.93E-14
6.20E-14
8.22E-14
9.68E-14
1.23E-13
6.32E-09
1.86E-08
4.63E-08
8.06E-08
2.16E-07
2.55E-09
4.84E-09
8.01E-09
1.08E-08
1.72E-08
1.25E-09
2.79E-09
5.13E-09
6.94E-09
1.13E-08
5.39E-09
1.20E-08
2.21E-08
3.05E-08
4.41E-08
2.67E-09
4.71E-09
8.05E-09
1.09E-08
2.16E-08
1.88E-09
9.05E-09
Pathway HQ
3.93E-09
6.20E-09
8.22E-09
9.68E-09
1.23E-08
6.32E-04
1.86E-03
4.63E-03
8.06E-03
2.16E-02
2.55E-04
4.84E-04
8.01E-04
1.08E-03
1.72E-03
1.25E-04
2.79E-04
5.13E-04
6.94E-04
1.13E-03
5.39E-04
1.20E-03
2.21E-03
3.05E-03
4.41E-03
2.67E-04
4.71E-04
8.05E-04
1.09E-03
2.16E-03
1.88E-04
9.05E-04
Q-C-77
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.95E-08
5.41E-08
1.71E-07
2.85E-11
5.49E-11
1.02E-10
1.41E-10
2.68E-10
4.24E-10
9.32E-10
1.60E-09
2.16E-09
3.72E-09
1.21E-09
2.88E-09
6.03E-09
9.42E-09
1.87E-08
3.70E-08
6.36E-08
1.06E-07
1.56E-07
3.39E-07
Pathway HQ
2.95E-03
5.41E-03
1.71E-02
2.85E-06
5.49E-06
1.02E-05
1.41E-05
2.68E-05
4.24E-05
9.32E-05
1.60E-04
2.16E-04
3.72E-04
1.21E-04
2.88E-04
6.03E-04
9.42E-04
1.87E-03
3.70E-03
6.36E-03
1.06E-02
1.56E-02
3.39E-02
Q-C-78
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.71E-08
3.03E-08
4.23E-08
4.92E-08
6.13E-08
4.40E-06
1.14E-05
2.62E-05
4.24E-05
1.06E-04
3.78E-07
8.56E-07
1.78E-06
2.78E-06
5.36E-06
2.08E-07
4.99E-07
1.09E-06
1.53E-06
3.28E-06
4.64E-07
1.32E-06
2.66E-06
3.79E-06
6.51E-06
2.66E-07
6.36E-07
1.42E-06
2.16E-06
4.17E-06
2.87E-06
1.12E-05
Pathway HQ
4.28E-07
7.58E-07
1.06E-06
1.23E-06
1.53E-06
1.10E-04
2.85E-04
6.55E-04
1.06E-03
2.64E-03
9.44E-06
2.14E-05
4.44E-05
6.94E-05
1.34E-04
5.20E-06
1.25E-05
2.73E-05
3.83E-05
8.19E-05
1.16E-05
3.30E-05
6.65E-05
9.47E-05
1.63E-04
6.65E-06
1.59E-05
3.55E-05
5.39E-05
1.04E-04
7.18E-05
2.80E-04
Q-C-79
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.43E-05
6.51E-05
2.07E-04
9.92E-08
2.14E-07
4.07E-07
5.48E-07
1.04E-06
6.44E-07
1.41E-06
2.45E-06
3.17E-06
4.83E-06
2.02E-06
4.22E-06
7.89E-06
1.15E-05
2.60E-05
1.99E-05
3.76E-05
6.96E-05
1.05E-04
2.30E-04
Pathway HQ
8.58E-04
1.63E-03
5.17E-03
2.48E-06
5.35E-06
1.02E-05
1.37E-05
2.60E-05
1.61E-05
3.52E-05
6.13E-05
7.94E-05
1.21E-04
5.05E-05
1.05E-04
1.97E-04
2.87E-04
6.50E-04
4.99E-04
9.41E-04
1.74E-03
2.62E-03
5.75E-03
Q-C-80
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.81E-07
2.78E-07
3.69E-07
4.14E-07
5.17E-07
6.72E-06
1.90E-05
4.47E-05
7.45E-05
2.04E-04
6.63E-07
1.20E-06
1.94E-06
2.60E-06
4.13E-06
3.29E-07
6.90E-07
1.24E-06
1.65E-06
2.55E-06
1.38E-06
2.96E-06
5.44E-06
7.29E-06
1.03E-05
6.67E-07
1.16E-06
1.93E-06
2.66E-06
5.15E-06
1.53E-05
5.69E-05
Pathway HQ
4.53E-06
6.95E-06
9.23E-06
1.04E-05
1.29E-05
1.68E-04
4.75E-04
1.12E-03
1.86E-03
5.10E-03
1.66E-05
3.01E-05
4.85E-05
6.49E-05
1.03E-04
8.22E-06
1.72E-05
3.09E-05
4.12E-05
6.39E-05
3.44E-05
7.39E-05
1.36E-04
1.82E-04
2.57E-04
1.67E-05
2.91E-05
4.83E-05
6.64E-05
1.29E-04
3.82E-04
1.42E-03
Q-C-81
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.67E-04
3.22E-04
9.18E-04
2.10E-07
3.91E-07
7.31E-07
9.79E-07
1.86E-06
2.63E-06
5.74E-06
9.40E-06
1.26E-05
2.12E-05
5.42E-06
1.05E-05
1.98E-05
2.82E-05
5.96E-05
5.32E-05
1.07E-04
2.32E-04
3.86E-04
9.55E-04
Pathway HQ
4.16E-03
8.04E-03
2.29E-02
5.24E-06
9.78E-06
1.83E-05
2.45E-05
4.66E-05
6.57E-05
1.44E-04
2.35E-04
3.15E-04
5.30E-04
1.36E-04
2.62E-04
4.95E-04
7.06E-04
1.49E-03
1.33E-03
2.68E-03
5.80E-03
9.66E-03
2.39E-02
Q-C-82
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Isobutyl Alcohol
CAS: 78-83-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.51E-14
6.64E-13
2.75E-12
4.98E-12
1.44E-11
2.99E-07
1.54E-06
8.11E-06
2.11E-05
8.95E-05
2.05E-07
7.51E-07
2.68E-06
5.51E-06
1.76E-05
1.21E-07
4.29E-07
1.46E-06
3.03E-06
1.05E-05
1.92E-07
9.01E-07
3.54E-06
7.36E-06
2.17E-05
1.24E-07
5.67E-07
1.98E-06
4.10E-06
1.40E-05
7.89E-11
5.73E-10
Pathway HQ
1.51E-13
2.21E-12
9.17E-12
1.66E-11
4.79E-11
9.95E-07
5.13E-06
2.71E-05
7.04E-05
2.98E-04
6.82E-07
2.50E-06
8.95E-06
1.83E-05
5.85E-05
4.04E-07
1.43E-06
4.88E-06
1.01E-05
3.51E-05
6.39E-07
3.01E-06
1.18E-05
2.45E-05
7.23E-05
4.13E-07
1.89E-06
6.57E-06
1.36E-05
4.66E-05
2.62E-10
1.90E-09
Q-C-83
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Isobutyl Alcohol
CAS: 78-83-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.38E-09
5.54E-09
2.13E-08
7.01E-12
2.12E-11
6.35E-11
1.22E-10
3.07E-10
1.29E-09
4.19E-09
1.47E-08
2.71E-08
6.89E-08
3.32E-13
6.20E-11
5.23E-09
1.95E-08
7.76E-08
7.32E-07
1.77E-06
3.66E-06
5.70E-06
1.15E-05
3.11E-06
7.86E-06
2.66E-05
4.82E-05
1.26E-04
Pathway HQ
7.92E-09
1.84E-08
7.11E-08
2.33E-11
7.04E-11
2.12E-10
4.07E-10
1.02E-09
4.29E-09
1.40E-08
4.88E-08
9.05E-08
2.29E-07
1.11E-12
2.07E-10
1.75E-08
6.48E-08
2.59E-07
2.44E-06
5.92E-06
1.22E-05
1.90E-05
3.85E-05
1.04E-05
2.62E-05
8.86E-05
1.61E-04
4.19E-04
Q-C-84
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Isobutyl Alcohol
CAS: 78-83-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.82E-13
6.92E-12
2.60E-11
4.79E-11
1.51E-10
4.63E-07
2.42E-06
1.34E-05
2.85E-05
1.18E-04
3.41E-07
1.16E-06
4.29E-06
7.36E-06
1.72E-05
1.72E-07
6.35E-07
2.14E-06
4.19E-06
1.10E-05
5.92E-07
2.29E-06
8.54E-06
1.73E-05
4.76E-05
2.99E-07
1.13E-06
4.04E-06
6.70E-06
1.64E-05
4.91E-10
3.19E-09
Pathway HQ
1.61E-12
2.31E-11
8.67E-11
1.60E-10
5.04E-10
1.54E-06
8.08E-06
4.48E-05
9.48E-05
3.94E-04
1.14E-06
3.88E-06
1.43E-05
2.46E-05
5.73E-05
5.76E-07
2.11E-06
7.14E-06
1.40E-05
3.69E-05
1.97E-06
7.64E-06
2.85E-05
5.79E-05
1.59E-04
9.95E-07
3.76E-06
1.35E-05
2.24E-05
5.48E-05
1.64E-09
1.06E-08
Q-C-85
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Isobutyl Alcohol
CAS: 78-83-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.27E-08
2.58E-08
1.05E-07
1.41E-11
4.38E-11
1.32E-10
2.50E-10
5.63E-10
5.32E-09
1.75E-08
6.39E-08
1.21E-07
2.58E-07
9.30E-13
2.24E-10
1.82E-08
6.20E-08
1.82E-07
2.03E-06
4.54E-06
9.14E-06
1.44E-05
2.88E-05
6.82E-06
1.68E-05
4.19E-05
7.01E-05
1.77E-04
Pathway HQ
4.23E-08
8.61E-08
3.51E-07
4.69E-11
1.46E-10
4.41E-10
8.33E-10
1.88E-09
1.77E-08
5.85E-08
2.13E-07
4.04E-07
8.58E-07
3.10E-12
7.48E-10
6.07E-08
2.07E-07
6.07E-07
6.79E-06
1.51E-05
3.04E-05
4.79E-05
9.61E-05
2.27E-05
5.60E-05
1.40E-04
2.34E-04
5.88E-04
Q-C-86
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.12E-05
1.93E-05
2.84E-05
3.45E-05
4.73E-05
6.33E-04
1.45E-03
2.82E-03
4.28E-03
8.17E-03
2.05E-04
4.63E-04
9.62E-04
1.47E-03
2.85E-03
5.83E-04
1.29E-03
2.76E-03
4.07E-03
7.86E-03
2.86E-04
6.91E-04
1.38E-03
2.02E-03
3.58E-03
1.57E-04
3.55E-04
7.29E-04
1.14E-03
2.19E-03
1.74E-04
6.40E-04
Pathway HQ
2.39E-04
4.10E-04
6.04E-04
7.33E-04
1.01E-03
4.52E-03
1.03E-02
2.01E-02
3.06E-02
5.84E-02
1.47E-03
3.30E-03
6.87E-03
1.05E-02
2.04E-02
4.16E-03
9.23E-03
1.97E-02
2.90E-02
5.61E-02
2.05E-03
4.94E-03
9.88E-03
1.44E-02
2.55E-02
1.12E-03
2.54E-03
5.21E-03
8.15E-03
1.57E-02
1.25E-03
4.57E-03
Q-C-87
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.77E-03
3.47E-03
9.62E-03
2.10E-05
4.28E-05
7.57E-05
1.09E-04
1.95E-04
4.61E-04
9.15E-04
1.57E-03
2.10E-03
3.39E-03
3.26E-11
7.70E-07
5.00E-05
1.51E-04
6.55E-04
2.87E-03
5.84E-03
1.08E-02
1.49E-02
2.70E-02
2.72E-03
7.71E-03
1.04E-02
1.69E-02
3.08E-02
Pathway HQ
1.26E-02
2.48E-02
6.87E-02
1.50E-04
3.06E-04
5.41E-04
7.77E-04
1.39E-03
3.29E-03
6.53E-03
1.12E-02
1.50E-02
2.42E-02
6.93E-10
1.64E-05
1.06E-03
3.22E-03
1.39E-02
6.10E-02
1.24E-01
2.31E-01
3.17E-01
5.74E-01
9.69E-02
1.73E-01
2.83E-01
3.82E-01
6.67E-01
Q-C-8
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.63E-05
1.33E-04
2.11E-04
2.62E-04
3.58E-04
7.05E-04
1.76E-03
3.82E-03
6.64E-03
1.52E-02
2.59E-04
5.04E-04
8.70E-04
1.16E-03
2.19E-03
6.43E-04
1.39E-03
2.55E-03
3.75E-03
6.60E-03
5.45E-04
1.20E-03
2.13E-03
2.99E-03
5.00E-03
2.68E-04
4.87E-04
8.29E-04
1.21E-03
2.23E-03
6.90E-04
2.46E-03
Pathway HQ
1.62E-03
2.84E-03
4.48E-03
5.58E-03
7.63E-03
5.04E-03
1.25E-02
2.73E-02
4.74E-02
1.09E-01
1.85E-03
3.60E-03
6.21E-03
8.27E-03
1.56E-02
4.59E-03
9.90E-03
1.82E-02
2.68E-02
4.72E-02
3.89E-03
8.55E-03
1.52E-02
2.13E-02
3.57E-02
1.91E-03
3.48E-03
5.92E-03
8.67E-03
1.59E-02
4.93E-03
1.76E-02
Q-C-89
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.66E-03
1.35E-02
3.98E-02
3.28E-05
6.42E-05
1.18E-04
1.70E-04
3.11E-04
1.30E-03
2.67E-03
5.03E-03
6.76E-03
1.20E-02
2.61E-11
7.98E-07
6.14E-05
2.09E-04
9.25E-04
5.98E-03
1.24E-02
2.21E-02
3.22E-02
5.40E-02
3.05E-03
1.01E-02
6.87E-03
3.07E-02
2.14E-02
Pathway HQ
5.47E-02
9.63E-02
2.84E-01
2.34E-04
4.58E-04
8.46E-04
1.21E-03
2.22E-03
9.27E-03
1.91E-02
3.59E-02
4.83E-02
8.58E-02
5.56E-10
1.70E-05
1.31E-03
4.46E-03
1.97E-02
1.27E-01
2.64E-01
4.71E-01
6.86E-01
1.15E+00
1.94E-01
3.56E-01
5.95E-01
8.14E-01
1.32E+00
Q-C-90
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.23E-13
4.52E-12
2.48E-11
5.46E-11
1.61E-10
1.19E-05
7.98E-05
4.76E-04
1.30E-03
5.36E-03
6.26E-06
2.77E-05
1.08E-04
2.29E-04
7.62E-04
3.54E-06
1.67E-05
6.12E-05
1.29E-04
4.43E-04
5.48E-06
3.15E-05
1.38E-04
3.02E-04
9.46E-04
3.42E-06
1.95E-05
8.43E-05
1.72E-04
5.58E-04
7.38E-10
6.10E-09
Pathway HQ
3.71E-13
7.54E-12
4.14E-11
9.10E-11
2.68E-10
1.99E-05
1.33E-04
7.93E-04
2.17E-03
8.94E-03
1.04E-05
4.61E-05
1.80E-04
3.82E-04
1.27E-03
5.90E-06
2.78E-05
1.02E-04
2.15E-04
7.38E-04
9.13E-06
5.25E-05
2.30E-04
5.03E-04
1.58E-03
5.69E-06
3.25E-05
1.40E-04
2.86E-04
9.30E-04
1.23E-09
1.02E-08
Q-C-91
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.71E-08
6.78E-08
2.87E-07
2.35E-10
7.69E-10
2.75E-09
5.11E-09
1.26E-08
4.14E-08
1.49E-07
5.86E-07
1.18E-06
2.78E-06
6.64E-08
4.75E-07
2.64E-06
4.45E-06
9.53E-06
3.15E-05
7.09E-05
1.47E-04
2.17E-04
4.02E-04
1.20E-04
3.27E-04
1.25E-03
2.36E-03
7.27E-03
Pathway HQ
4.51E-08
1.13E-07
4.78E-07
3.91E-10
1.28E-09
4.58E-09
8.52E-09
2.10E-08
6.89E-08
2.48E-07
9.77E-07
1.96E-06
4.63E-06
1.11E-07
7.92E-07
4.40E-06
7.41E-06
1.59E-05
5.25E-05
1.18E-04
2.45E-04
3.62E-04
6.70E-04
2.00E-04
5.45E-04
2.08E-03
3.94E-03
1.21E-02
Q-C-92
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.18E-12
4.41E-11
2.54E-10
5.79E-10
1.70E-09
1.89E-05
1.27E-04
8.23E-04
1.87E-03
7.33E-03
l.OOE-05
4.21E-05
1.68E-04
2.85E-04
6.84E-04
5.21E-06
2.29E-05
8.36E-05
1.74E-04
4.19E-04
1.68E-05
8.23E-05
3.65E-04
7.12E-04
2.08E-03
8.51E-06
4.28E-05
1.67E-04
2.82E-04
6.78E-04
4.89E-09
3.32E-08
Pathway HQ
3.64E-12
7.35E-11
4.23E-10
9.64E-10
2.83E-09
3.16E-05
2.11E-04
1.37E-03
3.12E-03
1.22E-02
1.67E-05
7.02E-05
2.80E-04
4.75E-04
1.14E-03
8.68E-06
3.81E-05
1.39E-04
2.90E-04
6.99E-04
2.81E-05
1.37E-04
6.08E-04
1.19E-03
3.47E-03
1.42E-05
7.13E-05
2.78E-04
4.69E-04
1.13E-03
8.15E-09
5.53E-08
Q-C-93
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.39E-07
3.14E-07
1.37E-06
4.79E-10
1.57E-09
5.41E-09
9.50E-09
2.28E-08
1.71E-07
6.28E-07
2.59E-06
4.82E-06
1.07E-05
1.96E-07
1.47E-06
7.07E-06
1.31E-05
2.54E-05
8.79E-05
1.86E-04
3.55E-04
5.09E-04
9.88E-04
2.62E-04
7.04E-04
1.98E-03
3.40E-03
9.64E-03
Pathway HQ
2.32E-07
5.24E-07
2.28E-06
7.98E-10
2.62E-09
9.02E-09
1.58E-08
3.80E-08
2.86E-07
1.05E-06
4.31E-06
8.04E-06
1.79E-05
3.27E-07
2.45E-06
1.18E-05
2.19E-05
4.23E-05
1.47E-04
3.09E-04
5.91E-04
8.48E-04
1.65E-03
4.36E-04
1.17E-03
3.29E-03
5.67E-03
1.61E-02
Q-C-94
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.52E-22
1.06E-16
4.85E-15
9.30E-14
1.19E-08
1.03E-07
6.37E-07
1.46E-06
5.87E-06
9.18E-09
7.28E-08
2.98E-07
5.85E-07
1.65E-06
5.40E-09
4.29E-08
1.62E-07
3.44E-07
9.35E-07
9.64E-09
9.04E-08
3.71E-07
7.55E-07
2.11E-06
7.01E-09
5.72E-08
2.28E-07
4.25E-07
1.32E-06
2.74E-14
6.51E-13
4.24E-12
Pathway HQ
7.58E-20
5.29E-14
2.42E-12
4.65E-11
5.93E-06
5.13E-05
3.19E-04
7.32E-04
2.94E-03
4.59E-06
3.64E-05
1.49E-04
2.92E-04
8.26E-04
2.70E-06
2.14E-05
8.09E-05
1.72E-04
4.68E-04
4.82E-06
4.52E-05
1.86E-04
3.77E-04
1.06E-03
3.51E-06
2.86E-05
1.14E-04
2.13E-04
6.60E-04
1.37E-11
3.26E-10
2.12E-09
Q-C-95
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.17E-11
5.47E-11
2.92E-13
1.93E-12
7.26E-12
1.35E-11
3.25E-11
5.60E-11
4.00E-10
1.60E-09
2.95E-09
6.35E-09
2.59E-09
9.32E-09
4.30E-08
8.14E-08
2.29E-07
9.23E-08
5.69E-07
2.26E-06
3.83E-06
8.84E-06
Pathway HQ
5.84E-09
2.73E-08
1.46E-10
9.66E-10
3.63E-09
6.73E-09
1.63E-08
2.80E-08
2.00E-07
8.00E-07
1.47E-06
3.17E-06
1.30E-06
4.66E-06
2.15E-05
4.07E-05
1.14E-04
4.62E-05
2.85E-04
1.13E-03
1.92E-03
4.42E-03
Q-C-96
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.84E-22
3.81E-16
2.05E-14
9.20E-13
1.44E-08
1.48E-07
9.23E-07
2.20E-06
8.35E-06
1.62E-08
1.23E-07
4.31E-07
7.33E-07
1.59E-06
7.94E-09
5.94E-08
2.37E-07
4.43E-07
1.01E-06
2.81E-08
2.34E-07
9.16E-07
1.76E-06
4.69E-06
1.82E-08
1.22E-07
4.29E-07
6.80E-07
1.53E-06
1.69E-13
3.74E-12
2.28E-11
Pathway HQ
2.42E-19
1.91E-13
1.03E-11
4.60E-10
7.20E-06
7.42E-05
4.61E-04
1.10E-03
4.17E-03
8.10E-06
6.17E-05
2.15E-04
3.67E-04
7.97E-04
3.97E-06
2.97E-05
1.18E-04
2.22E-04
5.07E-04
1.41E-05
1.17E-04
4.58E-04
8.81E-04
2.34E-03
9.09E-06
6.08E-05
2.14E-04
3.40E-04
7.64E-04
8.45E-11
1.87E-09
1.14E-08
Q-C-97
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.02E-11
3.21E-10
5.59E-13
4.15E-12
1.45E-11
2.58E-11
5.54E-11
2.14E-10
1.55E-09
6.61E-09
1.14E-08
2.57E-08
7.10E-09
2.69E-08
1.04E-07
2.10E-07
5.41E-07
1.86E-07
1.05E-06
3.68E-06
5.77E-06
1.24E-05
Pathway HQ
3.01E-08
1.60E-07
2.79E-10
2.07E-09
7.25E-09
1.29E-08
2.77E-08
1.07E-07
7.75E-07
3.31E-06
5.72E-06
1.29E-05
3.55E-06
1.35E-05
5.20E-05
1.05E-04
2.71E-04
9.30E-05
5.23E-04
1.84E-03
2.88E-03
6.21E-03
Q-C-98
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Nitrite
CAS: 14797-65-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.31E-08
2.56E-07
2.01E-06
3.39E-06
6.75E-06
1.22E-05
6.27E-05
2.71E-04
5.69E-04
2.19E-03
6.07E-03
1.33E-02
2.63E-02
4.04E-02
8.39E-02
1.37E-03
6.32E-03
2.65E-02
4.62E-02
9.37E-02
7.00E-03
1.67E-02
4.04E-02
6.04E-02
1.08E-01
Pathway HQ
2.31E-07
2.56E-06
2.01E-05
3.39E-05
6.75E-05
1.22E-04
6.27E-04
2.71E-03
5.69E-03
2.19E-02
6.07E-02
1.33E-01
2.63E-01
4.04E-01
8.39E-01
1.37E-02
6.32E-02
2.65E-01
4.62E-01
9.37E-01
7.00E-02
1.67E-01
4.04E-01
6.04E-01
1.08E+00
Q-C-99
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Nitrite
CAS: 14797-65-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.44E-07
2.14E-06
1.54E-05
2.83E-05
5.62E-05
6.51E-05
3.12E-04
1.26E-03
2.59E-03
9.39E-03
1.52E-02
3.05E-02
5.73E-02
8.03E-02
1.54E-01
3.83E-03
1.72E-02
6.43E-02
1.11E-01
2.05E-01
1.78E-02
4.18E-02
8.87E-02
1.32E-01
2.20E-01
Pathway HQ
2.44E-06
2.14E-05
1.54E-04
2.83E-04
5.62E-04
6.51E-04
3.12E-03
1.26E-02
2.59E-02
9.39E-02
1.52E-01
3.05E-01
5.73E-01
8.03E-01
1.54E+00
3.83E-02
1.72E-01
6.43E-01
1.11E+00
2.05E+00
1.78E-01
4.18E-01
8.87E-01
1.32E+00
2.20E+00
Q-C-100
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
9.77E-12
7.94E-11
2.29E-10
3.73E-10
7.42E-10
2.32E-06
1.04E-05
4.30E-05
9.32E-05
3.78E-04
2.24E-06
8.17E-06
2.62E-05
4.96E-05
1.31E-04
1.29E-06
4.87E-06
1.39E-05
2.77E-05
7.82E-05
2.59E-06
1.15E-05
3.67E-05
6.67E-05
1.59E-04
1.55E-06
6.55E-06
2.00E-05
3.61E-05
1.05E-04
3.38E-08
1.85E-07
Pathway HQ
3.26E-11
2.64E-10
7.65E-10
1.24E-09
2.48E-09
7.76E-06
3.46E-05
1.43E-04
3.12E-04
1.26E-03
7.47E-06
2.72E-05
8.74E-05
1.66E-04
4.36E-04
4.31E-06
1.62E-05
4.63E-05
9.20E-05
2.62E-04
8.62E-06
3.83E-05
1.22E-04
2.22E-04
5.30E-04
5.18E-06
2.19E-05
6.67E-05
1.20E-04
3.50E-04
1.13E-07
6.15E-07
Q-C-101
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.73E-07
1.31E-06
4.44E-06
7.65E-11
2.77E-10
8.11E-10
1.36E-09
3.25E-09
1.25E-08
4.45E-08
1.43E-07
2.46E-07
5.05E-07
4.25E-18
1.28E-15
2.43E-13
5.12E-12
1.93E-06
5.31E-06
1.26E-05
2.02E-05
4.76E-05
2.29E-05
6.15E-05
1.77E-04
2.86E-04
5.98E-04
Pathway HQ
2.24E-06
4.37E-06
1.48E-05
2.54E-10
9.26E-10
2.70E-09
4.55E-09
1.09E-08
4.17E-08
1.48E-07
4.76E-07
8.22E-07
1.68E-06
1.41E-17
4.27E-15
8.11E-13
1.71E-11
6.44E-06
1.77E-05
4.23E-05
6.73E-05
1.59E-04
7.65E-05
2.06E-04
5.87E-04
9.54E-04
2.00E-03
Q-C-102
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
9.95E-11
8.28E-10
2.14E-09
3.49E-09
9.60E-09
3.73E-06
1.67E-05
6.79E-05
1.41E-04
5.24E-04
3.69E-06
1.28E-05
3.47E-05
5.81E-05
1.26E-04
1.85E-06
7.07E-06
2.05E-05
3.50E-05
8.05E-05
7.70E-06
2.82E-05
8.11E-05
1.46E-04
3.71E-04
4.01E-06
1.40E-05
3.66E-05
5.65E-05
1.20E-04
2.10E-07
1.02E-06
Pathway HQ
3.31E-10
2.75E-09
7.13E-09
1.16E-08
3.20E-08
1.24E-05
5.56E-05
2.25E-04
4.70E-04
1.75E-03
1.23E-05
4.28E-05
1.16E-04
1.94E-04
4.20E-04
6.15E-06
2.36E-05
6.84E-05
1.17E-04
2.67E-04
2.58E-05
9.37E-05
2.70E-04
4.87E-04
1.24E-03
1.33E-05
4.67E-05
1.22E-04
1.88E-04
4.00E-04
7.02E-07
3.41E-06
Q-C-103
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.65E-06
6.32E-06
2.18E-05
1.60E-10
5.98E-10
1.54E-09
2.78E-09
5.86E-09
5.01E-08
1.83E-07
5.72E-07
9.77E-07
2.10E-06
1.63E-17
3.46E-15
9.83E-13
1.34E-11
5.42E-06
1.40E-05
3.26E-05
5.13E-05
1.15E-04
4.81E-05
1.23E-04
2.90E-04
4.44E-04
8.97E-04
Pathway HQ
1.22E-05
2.10E-05
7.24E-05
5.35E-10
1.98E-09
5.11E-09
9.26E-09
1.96E-08
1.67E-07
6.09E-07
1.90E-06
3.27E-06
7.01E-06
5.42E-17
1.16E-14
3.27E-12
4.46E-11
1.81E-05
4.67E-05
1.09E-04
1.71E-04
3.84E-04
1.60E-04
4.10E-04
9.66E-04
1.48E-03
3.00E-03
Q-C-104
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.22E-08
1.33E-07
1.84E-07
2.20E-07
2.80E-07
8.68E-06
2.08E-05
4.46E-05
6.93E-05
1.73E-04
1.38E-06
3.11E-06
6.27E-06
9.74E-06
1.86E-05
7.72E-07
1.77E-06
3.76E-06
5.45E-06
1.04E-05
1.84E-06
4.72E-06
9.11E-06
1.30E-05
2.25E-05
1.03E-06
2.25E-06
4.85E-06
7.36E-06
1.46E-05
2.72E-06
1.06E-05
Pathway HQ
2.73E-06
4.42E-06
6.14E-06
7.33E-06
9.34E-06
2.90E-04
6.93E-04
1.49E-03
2.31E-03
5.74E-03
4.59E-05
1.04E-04
2.09E-04
3.25E-04
6.20E-04
2.57E-05
5.87E-05
1.25E-04
1.81E-04
3.46E-04
6.14E-05
1.58E-04
3.04E-04
4.36E-04
7.49E-04
3.43E-05
7.49E-05
1.62E-04
2.46E-04
4.85E-04
9.04E-05
3.53E-04
Q-C-105
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.27E-05
6.17E-05
1.83E-04
3.56E-07
7.13E-07
1.31E-06
1.85E-06
3.28E-06
2.28E-06
4.69E-06
8.02E-06
1.04E-05
1.56E-05
3.40E-19
3.66E-15
4.16E-06
8.05E-06
1.40E-05
1.93E-05
3.56E-05
3.93E-05
6.30E-05
1.06E-04
1.49E-04
2.60E-04
Pathway HQ
1.09E-03
2.05E-03
6.11E-03
1.19E-05
2.37E-05
4.36E-05
6.17E-05
1.09E-04
7.59E-05
1.56E-04
2.68E-04
3.46E-04
5.21E-04
1.13E-17
1.22E-13
1.39E-04
2.69E-04
4.65E-04
6.43E-04
1.18E-03
1.31E-03
2.10E-03
3.53E-03
4.98E-03
8.68E-03
Q-C-106
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.69E-07
1.16E-06
1.58E-06
1.85E-06
2.31E-06
1.21E-05
3.19E-05
7.26E-05
1.25E-04
3.33E-04
2.26E-06
3.96E-06
6.50E-06
8.68E-06
1.46E-05
1.12E-06
2.29E-06
4.03E-06
5.35E-06
8.78E-06
4.65E-06
9.97E-06
1.77E-05
2.29E-05
3.47E-05
2.23E-06
3.89E-06
6.47E-06
8.88E-06
1.70E-05
1.36E-05
5.15E-05
Pathway HQ
2.56E-05
3.86E-05
5.25E-05
6.17E-05
7.69E-05
4.03E-04
1.07E-03
2.42E-03
4.16E-03
1.11E-02
7.56E-05
1.32E-04
2.17E-04
2.89E-04
4.85E-04
3.73E-05
7.62E-05
1.34E-04
1.79E-04
2.92E-04
1.55E-04
3.33E-04
5.91E-04
7.62E-04
1.16E-03
7.43E-05
1.30E-04
2.15E-04
2.96E-04
5.68E-04
4.52E-04
1.72E-03
Q-C-107
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.53E-04
2.88E-04
8.61E-04
6.86E-07
1.28E-06
2.33E-06
3.33E-06
6.20E-06
8.61E-06
1.75E-05
2.99E-05
4.03E-05
7.03E-05
5.71E-19
9.54E-15
1.08E-05
2.01E-05
3.33E-05
4.75E-05
8.15E-05
8.98E-05
1.51E-04
2.83E-04
4.39E-04
9.44E-04
Pathway HQ
5.08E-03
9.60E-03
2.87E-02
2.29E-05
4.26E-05
7.76E-05
1.11E-04
2.07E-04
2.87E-04
5.81E-04
9.97E-04
1.34E-03
2.35E-03
1.91E-17
3.18E-13
3.60E-04
6.70E-04
1.11E-03
1.58E-03
2.72E-03
2.99E-03
5.02E-03
9.44E-03
1.46E-02
3.14E-02
Q-C-108
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Beef
Beef
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.55E-06
2.33E-06
3.20E-06
3.81E-06
5.18E-06
1.09E-04
2.39E-04
4.69E-04
6.74E-04
1.29E-03
4.27E-05
9.66E-05
1.97E-04
3.01E-04
5.90E-04
9.72E-05
2.13E-04
4.57E-04
6.89E-04
1.28E-03
6.02E-05
1.45E-04
2.84E-04
4.15E-04
7.45E-04
3.28E-05
7.53E-05
1.49E-04
2.28E-04
4.76E-04
2.46E-05
5.01E-05
Pathway HQ
3.10E-04
4.67E-04
6.40E-04
7.62E-04
1.04E-03
2.17E-02
4.77E-02
9.38E-02
1.35E-01
2.59E-01
8.54E-03
1.93E-02
3.94E-02
6.02E-02
1.18E-01
1.94E-02
4.25E-02
9.14E-02
1.38E-01
2.56E-01
1.20E-02
2.90E-02
5.68E-02
8.30E-02
1.49E-01
6.56E-03
1.51E-02
2.97E-02
4.56E-02
9.52E-02
4.92E-03
l.OOE-02
Q-C-109
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.84E-05
1.23E-04
2.14E-04
4.23E-03
8.48E-03
1.45E-02
1.92E-02
3.23E-02
2.00E-05
4.30E-05
7.51E-05
1.04E-04
2.02E-04
4.92E-03
9.28E-03
1.54E-02
2.02E-02
3.35E-02
Pathway HQ
1.77E-02
2.45E-02
4.29E-02
8.47E-01
1.70E+00
2.89E+00
3.84E+00
6.45E+00
4.01E-03
8.60E-03
1.50E-02
2.08E-02
4.04E-02
9.84E-01
1.86E+00
3.09E+00
4.04E+00
6.71E+00
Q-C-110
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Beef
Beef
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.05E-05
1.69E-05
2.43E-05
2.94E-05
4.03E-05
1.11E-04
2.74E-04
6.04E-04
9.91E-04
2.44E-03
5.00E-05
9.97E-05
1.72E-04
2.32E-04
4.22E-04
9.82E-05
2.13E-04
4.06E-04
5.80E-04
1.03E-03
1.04E-04
2.31E-04
4.23E-04
5.77E-04
9.52E-04
5.07E-05
9.56E-05
1.64E-04
2.42E-04
4.69E-04
3.66E-05
7.16E-05
Pathway HQ
2.10E-03
3.37E-03
4.87E-03
5.88E-03
8.06E-03
2.21E-02
5.47E-02
1.21E-01
1.98E-01
4.88E-01
l.OOE-02
1.99E-02
3.44E-02
4.63E-02
8.44E-02
1.96E-02
4.26E-02
8.12E-02
1.16E-01
2.07E-01
2.08E-02
4.62E-02
8.46E-02
1.15E-01
1.90E-01
1.01E-02
1.91E-02
3.28E-02
4.84E-02
9.38E-02
7.32E-03
1.43E-02
Q-C-111
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.31E-04
1.86E-04
3.58E-04
1.10E-02
2.29E-02
4.33E-02
6.01E-02
1.04E-01
3.82E-05
8.27E-05
1.60E-04
2.17E-04
3.75E-04
1.19E-02
2.41E-02
4.44E-02
6.17E-02
1.06E-01
Pathway HQ
2.63E-02
3.71E-02
7.16E-02
2.19E+00
4.59E+00
8.65E+00
1.20E+01
2.08E+01
7.64E-03
1.65E-02
3.20E-02
4.33E-02
7.50E-02
2.37E+00
4.83E+00
8.88E+00
1.23E+01
2.12E+01
Q-C-112
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.12E-07
2.59E-06
2.06E-05
3.59E-05
7.23E-05
1.20E-04
6.43E-04
2.85E-03
5.97E-03
2.33E-02
6.63E-02
1.47E-01
2.86E-01
4.42E-01
9.54E-01
1.39E-02
6.53E-02
2.80E-01
4.93E-01
9.94E-01
7.63E-02
1.83E-01
4.34E-01
6.63E-01
1.19E+00
Pathway HQ
1.33E-07
1.62E-06
1.29E-05
2.24E-05
4.52E-05
7.53E-05
4.01E-04
1.78E-03
3.74E-03
1.46E-02
4.13E-02
9.14E-02
1.79E-01
2.76E-01
5.92E-01
8.68E-03
4.09E-02
1.75E-01
3.08E-01
6.22E-01
4.76E-02
1.14E-01
2.71E-01
4.16E-01
7.43E-01
Q-C-113
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.21E-06
2.05E-05
1.58E-04
2.93E-04
5.97E-04
6.58E-04
3.21E-03
1.32E-02
2.71E-02
9.94E-02
1.64E-01
3.30E-01
6.12E-01
8.63E-01
1.69E+00
3.85E-02
1.77E-01
6.83E-01
1.17E+00
2.18E+00
1.94E-01
4.53E-01
9.54E-01
1.42E+00
2.34E+00
Pathway HQ
1.38E-06
1.29E-05
9.84E-05
1.83E-04
3.73E-04
4.11E-04
2.01E-03
8.23E-03
1.70E-02
6.22E-02
1.02E-01
2.06E-01
3.83E-01
5.37E-01
1.06E+00
2.40E-02
1.10E-01
4.27E-01
7.38E-01
1.37E+00
1.21E-01
2.83E-01
5.97E-01
8.89E-01
1.46E+00
Q-C-114
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS: 75-69-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.16E-12
3.35E-12
6.84E-12
9.89E-12
2.10E-11
1.46E-07
4.62E-07
1.30E-06
2.32E-06
7.81E-06
2.32E-07
5.86E-07
1.28E-06
2.06E-06
4.75E-06
1.30E-07
3.44E-07
7.91E-07
1.20E-06
2.30E-06
1.25E-07
4.82E-07
1.16E-06
1.81E-06
3.35E-06
8.19E-08
2.53E-07
6.38E-07
1.04E-06
2.26E-06
l.OOE-10
4.06E-10
Pathway HQ
3.85E-12
1.12E-11
2.28E-11
3.30E-11
6.97E-11
4.86E-07
1.54E-06
4.34E-06
7.74E-06
2.60E-05
7.74E-07
1.96E-06
4.27E-06
6.87E-06
1.59E-05
4.34E-07
1.15E-06
2.63E-06
3.99E-06
7.67E-06
4.16E-07
1.61E-06
3.89E-06
6.04E-06
1.12E-05
2.73E-07
8.43E-07
2.12E-06
3.47E-06
7.53E-06
3.34E-10
1.36E-09
Q-C-115
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS: 75-69-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.33E-09
2.69E-09
8.92E-09
1.92E-10
4.23E-10
8.12E-10
1.14E-09
2.42E-09
1.81E-09
4.20E-09
7.88E-09
1.08E-08
1.66E-08
2.70E-08
6.63E-08
1.41E-07
2.15E-07
6.25E-07
3.10E-06
6.94E-06
1.31E-05
1.91E-05
3.57E-05
5.31E-06
9.68E-06
1.62E-05
2.24E-05
3.96E-05
Pathway HQ
4.44E-09
8.95E-09
2.97E-08
6.38E-10
1.41E-09
2.71E-09
3.78E-09
8.09E-09
6.04E-09
1.40E-08
2.62E-08
3.61E-08
5.52E-08
8.99E-08
2.21E-07
4.68E-07
7.15E-07
2.09E-06
1.03E-05
2.31E-05
4.37E-05
6.35E-05
1.19E-04
1.76E-05
3.23E-05
5.38E-05
7.46E-05
1.32E-04
Q-C-116
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS: 75-69-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.37E-11
3.37E-11
6.28E-11
9.20E-11
1.81E-10
2.08E-07
7.77E-07
2.18E-06
4.27E-06
1.28E-05
4.20E-07
8.47E-07
1.50E-06
2.08E-06
3.54E-06
2.05E-07
4.75E-07
9.40E-07
1.30E-06
2.17E-06
4.27E-07
1.23E-06
2.52E-06
3.82E-06
6.21E-06
2.36E-07
5.03E-07
9.58E-07
1.38E-06
2.67E-06
5.55E-10
2.18E-09
Pathway HQ
4.58E-11
1.12E-10
2.10E-10
3.07E-10
6.04E-10
6.94E-07
2.59E-06
7.29E-06
1.42E-05
4.27E-05
1.40E-06
2.83E-06
5.00E-06
6.94E-06
1.18E-05
6.84E-07
1.59E-06
3.13E-06
4.34E-06
7.22E-06
1.42E-06
4.09E-06
8.40E-06
1.27E-05
2.08E-05
7.88E-07
1.68E-06
3.19E-06
4.58E-06
8.92E-06
1.85E-09
7.25E-09
Q-C-117
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorofluoromethane
CAS: 75-69-4 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.08E-09
1.33E-08
4.93E-08
4.06E-10
7.81E-10
1.50E-09
2.08E-09
4.06E-09
7.63E-09
1.73E-08
3.15E-08
4.48E-08
7.81E-08
8.15E-08
1.75E-07
3.57E-07
5.93E-07
1.44E-06
8.43E-06
1.80E-05
3.25E-05
4.58E-05
8.85E-05
1.18E-05
2.19E-05
3.61E-05
5.10E-05
9.23E-05
Pathway HQ
2.36E-08
4.41E-08
1.65E-07
1.35E-09
2.61E-09
5.00E-09
6.94E-09
1.35E-08
2.54E-08
5.76E-08
1.05E-07
1.49E-07
2.60E-07
2.72E-07
5.83E-07
1.20E-06
1.98E-06
4.82E-06
2.81E-05
6.00E-05
1.08E-04
1.52E-04
2.95E-04
3.92E-05
7.29E-05
1.20E-04
1.70E-04
3.07E-04
Q-C-118
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5-
CAS: 93-72-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.47E-14
1.90E-13
4.74E-13
7.29E-13
1.68E-12
2.41E-08
8.66E-08
2.63E-07
4.97E-07
1.83E-06
1.56E-10
4.93E-10
1.24E-09
2.05E-09
4.89E-09
8.78E-11
2.80E-10
7.01E-10
1.24E-09
2.71E-09
1.90E-10
7.12E-10
1.73E-09
2.83E-09
6.48E-09
1.12E-10
3.85E-10
9.45E-10
1.66E-09
4.23E-09
5.98E-12
2.59E-11
Pathway HQ
4.33E-12
2.37E-11
5.93E-11
9.11E-11
2.10E-10
3.01E-06
1.08E-05
3.28E-05
6.21E-05
2.29E-04
1.94E-08
6.17E-08
1.55E-07
2.56E-07
6.11E-07
1.10E-08
3.50E-08
8.76E-08
1.55E-07
3.39E-07
2.37E-08
8.91E-08
2.17E-07
3.54E-07
8.11E-07
1.40E-08
4.82E-08
1.18E-07
2.07E-07
5.29E-07
7.47E-10
3.24E-09
Q-C-119
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5-
CAS: 93-72-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.77E-11
1.59E-10
5.32E-10
1.25E-12
3.78E-12
8.79E-12
1.37E-11
2.96E-11
9.41E-12
2.78E-11
6.48E-11
1.07E-10
1.79E-10
5.20E-21
1.47E-17
2.67E-15
9.11E-10
2.25E-09
4.43E-09
6.23E-09
1.14E-08
2.80E-08
9.02E-08
2.68E-07
5.05E-07
1.84E-06
Pathway HQ
1.10E-08
1.98E-08
6.64E-08
1.57E-10
4.72E-10
1.10E-09
1.71E-09
3.71E-09
1.18E-09
3.47E-09
8.10E-09
1.34E-08
2.24E-08
6.50E-19
1.84E-15
3.33E-13
1.14E-07
2.82E-07
5.54E-07
7.79E-07
1.43E-06
3.50E-06
1.13E-05
3.35E-05
6.31E-05
2.30E-04
Q-C-120
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5-
CAS: 93-72-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.50E-13
1.98E-12
4.44E-12
6.86E-12
1.50E-11
3.65E-08
1.36E-07
4.39E-07
8.66E-07
2.79E-06
2.84E-10
7.46E-10
1.54E-09
2.29E-09
4.22E-09
1.41E-10
4.10E-10
9.59E-10
1.49E-09
2.68E-09
5.72E-10
1.73E-09
3.77E-09
5.92E-09
1.28E-08
3.07E-10
7.73E-10
1.56E-09
2.28E-09
4.47E-09
3.53E-11
1.42E-10
Pathway HQ
5.63E-11
2.48E-10
5.55E-10
8.57E-10
1.87E-09
4.57E-06
1.70E-05
5.49E-05
1.08E-04
3.49E-04
3.55E-08
9.32E-08
1.93E-07
2.87E-07
5.28E-07
1.76E-08
5.13E-08
1.20E-07
1.86E-07
3.35E-07
7.15E-08
2.17E-07
4.72E-07
7.40E-07
1.60E-06
3.84E-08
9.66E-08
1.95E-07
2.85E-07
5.58E-07
4.41E-09
1.77E-08
Q-C-121
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid, 2-(2,4,5-
CAS: 93-72-1 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.58E-10
7.84E-10
2.72E-09
2.79E-12
7.33E-12
1.62E-11
2.63E-11
5.51E-11
4.12E-11
1.20E-10
2.65E-10
4.03E-10
7.65E-10
1.73E-20
5.77E-17
5.23E-15
2.71E-09
6.17E-09
1.14E-08
1.60E-08
2.85E-08
4.58E-08
1.46E-07
4.45E-07
8.81E-07
2.81E-06
Pathway HQ
5.72E-08
9.80E-08
3.40E-07
3.48E-10
9.17E-10
2.03E-09
3.29E-09
6.89E-09
5.15E-09
1.50E-08
3.31E-08
5.04E-08
9.56E-08
2.17E-18
7.21E-15
6.53E-13
3.38E-07
7.71E-07
1.43E-06
2.00E-06
3.57E-06
5.72E-06
1.82E-05
5.57E-05
1.10E-04
3.52E-04
Q-C-122
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.39E-14
2.06E-13
4.87E-13
7.47E-13
1.68E-12
2.27E-08
7.61E-08
2.48E-07
4.75E-07
1.78E-06
3.13E-10
9.59E-10
2.43E-09
4.43E-09
1.15E-08
1.92E-10
5.80E-10
1.43E-09
2.58E-09
6.12E-09
3.79E-10
1.41E-09
3.55E-09
5.70E-09
1.30E-08
2.28E-10
7.54E-10
1.97E-09
3.36E-09
9.08E-09
8.99E-12
4.11E-11
Pathway HQ
4.39E-12
2.06E-11
4.87E-11
7.47E-11
1.68E-10
2.27E-06
7.61E-06
2.48E-05
4.75E-05
1.78E-04
3.13E-08
9.59E-08
2.43E-07
4.43E-07
1.15E-06
1.92E-08
5.80E-08
1.43E-07
2.58E-07
6.12E-07
3.79E-08
1.41E-07
3.55E-07
5.70E-07
1.30E-06
2.28E-08
7.54E-08
1.97E-07
3.36E-07
9.08E-07
8.99E-10
4.11E-09
Q-C-123
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.38E-10
2.57E-10
8.19E-10
7.99E-13
2.24E-12
5.43E-12
8.75E-12
1.96E-11
6.21E-12
1.74E-11
3.93E-11
6.46E-11
1.28E-10
1.29E-19
1.72E-16
5.02E-14
1.33E-12
1.63E-09
3.97E-09
7.70E-09
1.09E-08
1.93E-08
3.02E-08
8.48E-08
2.59E-07
4.94E-07
1.80E-06
Pathway HQ
1.38E-08
2.57E-08
8.19E-08
7.99E-11
2.24E-10
5.43E-10
8.75E-10
1.96E-09
6.21E-10
1.74E-09
3.93E-09
6.46E-09
1.28E-08
1.29E-17
1.72E-14
5.02E-12
1.33E-10
1.63E-07
3.97E-07
7.70E-07
1.09E-06
1.93E-06
3.02E-06
8.48E-06
2.59E-05
4.94E-05
1.80E-04
Q-C-124
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.15E-13
2.23E-12
4.97E-12
7.42E-12
1.59E-11
3.32E-08
1.23E-07
4.01E-07
7.93E-07
2.59E-06
5.52E-10
1.48E-09
3.15E-09
4.90E-09
9.77E-09
2.75E-10
8.17E-10
1.89E-09
3.04E-09
6.13E-09
1.13E-09
3.37E-09
7.66E-09
1.24E-08
2.97E-08
5.99E-10
1.49E-09
3.33E-09
4.76E-09
9.77E-09
5.59E-11
2.25E-10
Pathway HQ
5.15E-11
2.23E-10
4.97E-10
7.42E-10
1.59E-09
3.32E-06
1.23E-05
4.01E-05
7.93E-05
2.59E-04
5.52E-08
1.48E-07
3.15E-07
4.90E-07
9.77E-07
2.75E-08
8.17E-08
1.89E-07
3.04E-07
6.13E-07
1.13E-07
3.37E-07
7.66E-07
1.24E-06
2.97E-06
5.99E-08
1.49E-07
3.33E-07
4.76E-07
9.77E-07
5.59E-09
2.25E-08
Q-C-125
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.43E-10
1.27E-09
4.05E-09
1.66E-12
4.55E-12
1.03E-11
1.71E-11
3.47E-11
2.50E-11
7.17E-11
1.68E-10
2.58E-10
5.11E-10
3.80E-19
5.70E-16
2.17E-13
2.79E-12
4.72E-09
1.05E-08
1.99E-08
2.80E-08
4.88E-08
5.03E-08
1.42E-07
4.21E-07
8.14E-07
2.61E-06
Pathway HQ
7.43E-08
1.27E-07
4.05E-07
1.66E-10
4.55E-10
1.03E-09
1.71E-09
3.47E-09
2.50E-09
7.17E-09
1.68E-08
2.58E-08
5.11E-08
3.80E-17
5.70E-14
2.17E-11
2.79E-10
4.72E-07
1.05E-06
1.99E-06
2.80E-06
4.88E-06
5.03E-06
1.42E-05
4.21E-05
8.14E-05
2.61E-04
Q-C-126
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.44E-12
3.22E-12
5.95E-12
8.30E-12
1.54E-11
4.56E-07
1.20E-06
2.88E-06
4.80E-06
1.26E-05
7.28E-07
1.74E-06
3.65E-06
5.73E-06
1.15E-05
3.95E-07
1.03E-06
2.27E-06
3.12E-06
6.59E-06
5.54E-07
1.66E-06
3.41E-06
5.18E-06
8.26E-06
3.26E-07
8.08E-07
1.79E-06
2.85E-06
5.47E-06
9.38E-10
4.26E-09
Pathway HQ
7.20E-12
1.60E-11
2.98E-11
4.14E-11
7.68E-11
2.27E-06
6.00E-06
1.44E-05
2.40E-05
6.29E-05
3.63E-06
8.74E-06
1.82E-05
2.86E-05
5.76E-05
1.98E-06
5.14E-06
1.13E-05
1.56E-05
3.30E-05
2.77E-06
8.30E-06
1.71E-05
2.59E-05
4.13E-05
1.63E-06
4.05E-06
8.98E-06
1.42E-05
2.74E-05
4.69E-09
2.13E-08
Q-C-127
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Adult Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.51E-08
2.96E-08
1.05E-07
2.37E-09
5.17E-09
9.84E-09
1.36E-08
2.74E-08
1.24E-08
2.78E-08
5.10E-08
6.85E-08
9.98E-08
1.65E-10
2.22E-09
6.77E-09
1.21E-08
2.54E-08
7.86E-06
1.74E-05
3.50E-05
4.93E-05
9.95E-05
1.40E-05
2.53E-05
4.27E-05
5.84E-05
1.10E-04
Pathway HQ
7.55E-08
1.48E-07
5.26E-07
1.18E-08
2.59E-08
4.91E-08
6.80E-08
1.37E-07
6.21E-08
1.40E-07
2.54E-07
3.42E-07
4.99E-07
8.27E-10
1.11E-08
3.39E-08
6.08E-08
1.27E-07
3.94E-05
8.74E-05
1.74E-04
2.46E-04
4.98E-04
7.01E-05
1.27E-04
2.14E-04
2.93E-04
5.50E-04
Q-C-128
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Fruit
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Exposed Vegetables
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Fruit
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Protected Vegetables
Fish
Fish
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.54E-11
3.15E-11
5.36E-11
7.26E-11
1.46E-10
6.75E-07
2.00E-06
4.98E-06
8.69E-06
2.27E-05
1.32E-06
2.46E-06
4.10E-06
5.49E-06
8.69E-06
6.32E-07
1.43E-06
2.58E-06
3.58E-06
6.30E-06
1.71E-06
3.81E-06
6.96E-06
9.71E-06
1.41E-05
8.43E-07
1.50E-06
2.54E-06
3.47E-06
6.91E-06
5.50E-09
2.19E-08
Pathway HQ
7.71E-11
1.58E-10
2.69E-10
3.63E-10
7.31E-10
3.38E-06
9.97E-06
2.48E-05
4.34E-05
1.14E-04
6.61E-06
1.23E-05
2.05E-05
2.75E-05
4.34E-05
3.15E-06
7.14E-06
1.29E-05
1.79E-05
3.15E-05
8.53E-06
1.90E-05
3.47E-05
4.85E-05
7.07E-05
4.22E-06
7.47E-06
1.27E-05
1.74E-05
3.46E-05
2.75E-08
1.10E-07
Q-C-129
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Ingestion
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Fish
Fish
Fish
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Beef
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Milk
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Surface Water
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Total Ingestion
Receptor: Child Farmer
Dose (mg/kg/d)
7.57E-08
1.39E-07
5.87E-07
4.93E-09
9.68E-09
1.81E-08
2.61E-08
4.88E-08
5.22E-08
1.17E-07
1.98E-07
2.67E-07
4.56E-07
5.54E-10
6.69E-09
1.78E-08
2.83E-08
6.35E-08
2.16E-05
4.54E-05
8.43E-05
1.22E-04
2.40E-04
3.12E-05
5.63E-05
9.38E-05
1.34E-04
2.54E-04
Pathway HQ
3.79E-07
6.96E-07
2.94E-06
2.46E-08
4.85E-08
9.01E-08
1.31E-07
2.43E-07
2.61E-07
5.82E-07
9.89E-07
1.34E-06
2.27E-06
2.77E-09
3.34E-08
8.90E-08
1.41E-07
3.17E-07
1.08E-04
2.27E-04
4.22E-04
6.08E-04
1.20E-03
1.56E-04
2.82E-04
4.69E-04
6.69E-04
1.27E-03
Q-C-130
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.50E-05
5.75E-05
6.75E-05
7.47E-05
9.77E-05
Q-C-131
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.50E-05
5.75E-05
6.75E-05
7.47E-05
9.77E-05
Q-C-132
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.52E-06
1.86E-06
2.24E-06
2.47E-06
3.12E-06
Q-C-133
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.52E-06
1.86E-06
2.24E-06
2.47E-06
3.12E-06
Q-C-134
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9.47E-06
1.80E-05
3.10E-05
4.34E-05
8.03E-05
Q-C-135
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9.47E-06
1.80E-05
3.10E-05
4.34E-05
8.03E-05
Q-C-136
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.64E-05
5.03E-05
8.15E-05
1.11E-04
1.93E-04
Q-C-137
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.64E-05
5.03E-05
8.15E-05
1.11E-04
1.93E-04
Q-C-138
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.28E-02
2.74E-02
4.62E-02
6.24E-02
1.17E-01
Q-C-139
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.28E-02
2.74E-02
4.62E-02
6.24E-02
1.17E-01
Q-C-140
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.65E-06
3.55E-06
4.73E-06
5.37E-06
7.20E-06
Q-C-141
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.65E-06
3.55E-06
4.73E-06
5.37E-06
7.20E-06
Q-C-142
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
MIBK
CAS: 108-10-1 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.76E-07
1.18E-06
1.56E-06
1.84E-06
2.45E-06
Q-C-143
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
MIBK
CAS: 108-10-1 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.76E-07
1.18E-06
1.56E-06
1.84E-06
2.45E-06
Q-C-144
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.67E-06
2.29E-05
5.12E-05
8.91E-05
1.54E-04
Q-C-145
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.67E-06
2.29E-05
5.12E-05
8.91E-05
1.54E-04
Q-C-146
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Adult Fanner
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.34E-05
4.38E-05
5.52E-05
6.32E-05
8.54E-05
Q-C-147
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Receptor: Child Farmer
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Air
Air
Air
Air
Air
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.34E-05
4.38E-05
5.52E-05
6.32E-05
8.54E-05
Q-C-148
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.63E-12
9.90E-11
2.32E-10
5.95E-10
Q-C-149
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.84E-11
1.81E-09
1.59E-08
5.13E-08
1.92E-07
Q-C-150
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.38E-08
4.14E-07
1.55E-06
2.55E-06
4.90E-06
Q-C-151
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
MIBK
CAS: 108-10-1 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9.32E-10
5.90E-08
5.97E-07
1.08E-06
2.20E-06
Q-C-152
-------
Appendix Q-C
Non-Cancer Hazard Quotients - Agricultural Application
Table Q-C-1. Non-Cancer Risk Screening Hazard Quotients in the Agricultural Application
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7 PathwayCategory: Inhalation
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
50
75
90
95
99
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
Shower
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.36E-08
7.97E-07
2.08E-06
3.54E-06
9.07E-06
Q-C-153
-------
Appendix R
Detailed Ecological Results
-------
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.47E-04
4.18E-04
8.30E-04
1.17E-03
2.31E-03
2.00E-06
5.70E-06
1.13E-05
1.60E-05
3.15E-05
2.66E-06
7.56E-06
1.50E-05
2.11E-05
4.18E-05
3.94E-07
1.12E-06
2.22E-06
3.13E-06
6.20E-06
3.51E+01
8.94E+01
2.09E+02
3.56E+02
7.42E+02
R-3
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Acetophenone
CAS: 98-86-2
Receptor
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
3.52E-05
6.37E-05
9.14E-05
1.09E-04
1.42E-04
3.04E-05
5.50E-05
7.89E-05
9.42E-05
1.23E-04
1.29E-05
2.33E-05
3.34E-05
3.99E-05
5.20E-05
R-4
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Anthracene
CAS: 120-12-7
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
2.71E-01
4.18E-01
5.43E-01
6.32E-01
8.32E-01
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.56E+00
1.99E+00
2.53E+00
2.90E+00
3.92E+00
R-5
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Azinphos Methyl
CAS: 86-50-0
Receptor
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
6.69E-08
3.01E-07
1.80E-06
2.84E-06
6.07E-06
5.67E-04
2.33E-03
1.48E-02
2.23E-02
3.92E-02
4.72E-03
1.95E-02
1.23E-01
1.86E-01
3.26E-01
R-6
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
5.63E+01
1.09E+02
1.88E+02
2.36E+02
3.49E+02
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.03E-01
1.34E-01
1.68E-01
1.89E-01
2.27E-01
R-7
-------
Appendix R Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Benzoic Acid
CAS: 65-85-0
Receptor Percentile Pathway Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community 50 Direct Contact 6.89E-02
Aquatic Community 75 Direct Contact 1.22E-01
Aquatic Community 90 Direct Contact 1.79E-01
Aquatic Community 95 Direct Contact 2.22E-01
Aquatic Community 99 Direct Contact 2.95E-01
R-8
-------
Appendix R Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Beryllium
CAS: 7440-41-7
Receptor Percentile Pathway Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community 50 Direct Contact 2.06E+00
Aquatic Community 75 Direct Contact 3.77E+00
Aquatic Community 90 Direct Contact 6.11E+00
Aquatic Community 95 Direct Contact 7.84E+00
Aquatic Community 99 Direct Contact 1.13E+01
R-9
-------
Appendix R Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Biphenyl, 1,1-
CAS: 92-52-4
Receptor Percentile Pathway Pathway HQ
Sediment Biota 50 Direct Contact 2.18E-02
Sediment Biota 75 Direct Contact 3.97E-02
Sediment Biota 90 Direct Contact 6.48E-02
Sediment Biota 95 Direct Contact 8.57E-02
Sediment Biota 99 Direct Contact 1.22E-01
R-10
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
CAS: 85-68-7
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
3.31E-04
7.43E-04
1.13E-03
1.36E-03
2.12E-03
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.16E-03
1.97E-03
2.94E-03
3.79E-03
5.87E-03
R-ll
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Carbon Bisulfide
CAS: 75-15-0
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.84E-04
3.74E-04
6.55E-04
8.61E-04
1.47E-03
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
4.43E-01
7.13E-01
1.32E+00
1.94E+00
4.53E+00
R-12
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Chloroaniline, 4-
CAS: 106-47-8
Receptor
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
4.34E-01
6.68E-01
9.72E-01
1.30E+00
2.17E+00
2.75E-04
4.56E-04
6.22E-04
7.19E-04
9.86E-04
2.17E-02
3.34E-02
4.86E-02
6.52E-02
1.09E-01
R-13
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Chlorobenzene
CAS: 108-90-7
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
7.80E-05
1.80E-04
2.93E-04
3.89E-04
7.02E-04
2.09E-02
3.85E-02
7.27E-02
1.06E-01
2.26E-01
9.07E-05
1.07E-04
1.19E-04
1.25E-04
1.38E-04
R-14
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Chlorobenzilate
CAS: 510-15-6
Receptor
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
5.18E-07
9.20E-07
1.34E-06
1.65E-06
2.36E-06
5.76E-07
1.02E-06
1.48E-06
1.83E-06
2.63E-06
1.73E-06
3.07E-06
4.45E-06
5.49E-06
7.88E-06
R-15
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
2.95E-03
5.32E-03
7.83E-03
9.84E-03
1.41E-02
2.35E-02
3.80E-02
5.49E-02
6.47E-02
8.37E-02
2.03E-04
3.28E-04
4.73E-04
5.58E-04
7.21E-04
R-16
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Diazinon
CAS: 333-41-5
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
9.46E-03
1.75E-02
2.63E-02
3.24E-02
4.63E-02
2.86E-05
4.98E-05
7.36E-05
8.76E-05
1.18E-04
3.73E-01
6.06E-01
8.86E-01
1.08E+00
1.71E+00
R-17
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Dichloroethene, 1,
CAS: 156-60-5
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
2-trans-
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.55E-06
3.33E-06
5.62E-06
7.13E-06
1.60E-05
3.82E-03
6.75E-03
1.34E-02
2.03E-02
4.75E-02
2.09E-02
3.12E-02
3.81E-02
4.06E-02
4.28E-02
R-18
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Dichloromethane
CAS: 75-09-2
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.54E-04
3.44E-04
6.75E-04
9.17E-04
2.42E-03
6.82E-02
1.27E-01
2.86E-01
5.10E-01
1.36E+00
9.06E-02
3.00E-01
3.91E-01
4.23E-01
4.48E-01
R-19
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Amphibians
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
3.98E-03
5.61E-03
7.23E-03
8.22E-03
1.06E-02
2.12E-02
3.54E-02
5.00E-02
5.83E-02
7.65E-02
5.20E-01
6.73E-01
8.16E-01
9.03E-01
1.17E+00
R-20
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Ethyl p-nitrophenyl Phenylphosphorothioate
CAS: 2104-64-5
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.84E-02
3.30E-02
4.92E-02
5.75E-02
7.98E-02
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
2.60E-05
5.27E-05
8.00E-05
9.53E-05
1.21E-04
R-21
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Fluoranthene
CAS: 206-44-0
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
3.96E+00
6.67E+00
9.22E+00
1.07E+01
1.47E+01
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
2.60E+00
3.24E+00
3.82E+00
4.21E+00
5.12E+00
R-22
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-
CAS: 319-84-6
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
2.73E-06
4.26E-06
6.08E-06
7.44E-06
9.98E-06
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
3.03E-07
4.74E-07
6.76E-07
8.27E-07
1.11E-06
R-23
-------
Appendix R Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7
Receptor Percentile Pathway Pathway HQ
Sediment Biota 50 Direct Contact 5.98E-03
Sediment Biota 75 Direct Contact 8.30E-03
Sediment Biota 90 Direct Contact 1.15E-02
Sediment Biota 95 Direct Contact 1.36E-02
Sediment Biota 99 Direct Contact 1.94E-02
R-24
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
5.13E+00
8.13E+00
1.16E+01
1.39E+01
1.87E+01
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
4.03E-01
5.44E-01
6.86E-01
7.77E-01
9.59E-01
R-25
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
8.13E-06
2.26E-05
4.65E-05
6.51E-05
1.28E-04
2.19E-06
6.09E-06
1.25E-05
1.75E-05
3.44E-05
2.53E-06
7.03E-06
1.45E-05
2.03E-05
3.98E-05
5.18E-07
1.44E-06
2.96E-06
4.15E-06
8.13E-06
5.82E-01
1.44E+00
3.49E+00
5.76E+00
1.25E+01
R-26
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
6.89E-05
4.94E-04
1.50E-03
2.03E-03
2.84E-03
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
3.87E-05
2.59E-04
7.81E-04
1.06E-03
1.53E-03
R-27
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l
Nitrosodiphenylamine,
CAS: 86-30-6
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
. Ecological Screening
N-
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.63E-05
2.88E-05
6.58E-05
1.05E-04
3.24E-04
3.80E-05
6.71E-05
1.54E-04
2.44E-04
7.57E-04
4.89E-06
8.62E-06
1.98E-05
3.13E-05
9.74E-05
3.42E-06
6.03E-06
1.39E-05
2.20E-05
6.78E-05
3.61E-03
4.21E-03
4.59E-03
4.72E-03
4.94E-03
R-28
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Phenol
CAS: 108-95-2
Receptor
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.73E-04
3.22E-04
4.69E-04
5.64E-04
7.36E-04
5.36E-05
9.95E-05
1.45E-04
1.74E-04
2.28E-04
2.74E-03
5.09E-03
7.42E-03
8.91E-03
1.17E-02
2.88E+01
4.93E+01
7.88E+01
1.02E+02
1.82E+02
8.05E-04
1.96E-03
2.46E-03
2.63E-03
2.78E-03
R-29
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Pyrene
CAS: 129-00-0
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Sediment Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
1.40E+01
2.47E+01
3.60E+01
4.19E+01
5.68E+01
1.25E+01
1.59E+01
1.91E+01
2.11E+01
2.48E+01
3.03E+00
3.66E+00
4.22E+00
4.52E+00
4.92E+00
R-30
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Silver
CAS: 7440-22-4
Receptor
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Community
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
Soil Biota
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
7.33E+01
1.33E+02
1.97E+02
2.47E+02
3.57E+02
1.31E+01
1.83E+01
2.39E+01
2.82E+01
3.74E+01
1.95E+00
2.91E+00
3.97E+00
4.79E+00
6.40E+00
1.99E-01
2.59E-01
3.20E-01
3.63E-01
4.32E-01
R-31
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-l. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Direct Contact
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5-
CAS: 93-76-5
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Pathway HQ
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
1.20E-06
1.95E-06
2.79E-06
3.48E-06
5.87E-06
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
50
75
90
95
99
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
4.00E-05
6.49E-05
9.29E-05
1.16E-04
1.96E-04
R-32
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Trifluralin
CAS: 1582-09-8
Receptor
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Invertebrates
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Aquatic Plants
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
R-l. Ecological Screening
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Hazard Quotients
Pathway
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
for Direct Contact
Pathway HQ
2.53E-05
4.86E-05
7.24E-05
8.99E-05
1.28E-04
1.12E-05
1.86E-05
2.83E-05
3.57E-05
5.20E-05
3.09E-04
5.11E-04
7.80E-04
9.83E-04
1.43E-03
R-33
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.80E-02
8.93E-02
1.21E-01
1.31E-01
1.39E-01
1.17E-02
5.83E-02
7.89E-02
8.53E-02
9.08E-02
8.75E-02
4.43E-01
6.00E-01
6.49E-01
6.90E-01
6.50E-02
3.10E-01
4.19E-01
4.53E-01
4.81E-01
1.74E-02
8.53E-02
1.15E-01
1.25E-01
1.33E-01
2.26E-02
1.11E-01
Pathway HQ
3.53E-04
1.75E-03
2.37E-03
2.56E-03
2.72E-03
1.29E-04
6.45E-04
8.73E-04
9.44E-04
l.OOE-03
1.91E-04
9.68E-04
1.31E-03
1.42E-03
1.51E-03
3.98E-04
1.89E-03
2.56E-03
2.77E-03
2.94E-03
4.54E-05
2.23E-04
3.02E-04
3.27E-04
3.48E-04
4.04E-05
1.99E-04
R-34
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.50E-01
1.63E-01
1.73E-01
1.35E-02
6.61E-02
8.94E-02
9.69E-02
1.03E-01
1.28E-01
6.91E-01
1.04E+00
1.29E+00
2.15E+00
1.50E-02
3.49E-02
7.97E-02
1.34E-01
2.76E-01
3.96E-02
9.92E-02
1.30E-01
1.41E-01
1.56E-01
1.17E-01
6.28E-01
9.39E-01
1.16E+00
Pathway HQ
2.69E-04
2.91E-04
3.10E-04
5.16E-05
2.53E-04
3.43E-04
3.71E-04
3.95E-04
2.84E-04
1.53E-03
2.29E-03
2.86E-03
4.76E-03
8.73E-05
2.02E-04
4.62E-04
7.78E-04
1.60E-03
2.22E-04
5.57E-04
7.28E-04
7.90E-04
8.78E-04
3.07E-04
1.65E-03
2.47E-03
3.05E-03
R-35
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Acetone
CAS: 67-64-1
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.92E+00
7.20E-02
1.85E-01
2.40E-01
2.60E-01
2.97E-01
2.28E-02
1.14E-01
1.55E-01
1.68E-01
1.78E-01
1.33E-02
6.53E-02
8.84E-02
9.57E-02
1.02E-01
3.79E-02
1.89E-01
2.56E-01
2.76E-01
2.94E-01
2.31E-02
1.09E-01
1.48E-01
1.60E-01
1.70E-01
Pathway HQ
5.04E-03
6.47E-04
1.66E-03
2.16E-03
2.33E-03
2.67E-03
1.94E-04
9.70E-04
1.31E-03
1.42E-03
1.51E-03
5.19E-05
2.55E-04
3.45E-04
3.73E-04
3.97E-04
7.70E-05
3.84E-04
5.20E-04
5.62E-04
5.99E-04
3.87E-04
1.84E-03
2.48E-03
2.68E-03
2.86E-03
R-36
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3
Receptor
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.15E+00
1.49E+00
1.86E+00
2.08E+00
2.48E+00
9.40E-01
1.22E+00
1.52E+00
1.69E+00
2.02E+00
4.30E+00
5.60E+00
7.02E+00
7.87E+00
9.45E+00
6.12E+00
8.80E+00
1.20E+01
1.40E+01
1.89E+01
1.23E+00
1.60E+00
2.01E+00
2.24E+00
2.68E+00
7.85E-01
1.02E+00
Pathway HQ
3.83E-02
4.97E-02
6.20E-02
6.92E-02
8.26E-02
3.13E-02
4.07E-02
5.06E-02
5.64E-02
6.75E-02
1.43E-01
1.87E-01
2.34E-01
2.62E-01
3.15E-01
2.04E-01
2.93E-01
3.99E-01
4.67E-01
6.31E-01
4.11E-02
5.33E-02
6.68E-02
7.47E-02
8.94E-02
2.62E-02
3.39E-02
R-37
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3
Receptor
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.27E+00
1.42E+00
1.69E+00
3.61E+00
5.24E+00
7.16E+00
8.42E+00
1.15E+01
7.93E+00
1.16E+01
1.60E+01
1.89E+01
2.57E+01
1.56E+00
2.30E+00
3.20E+00
3.74E+00
5.13E+00
3.49E+00
4.54E+00
5.69E+00
6.38E+00
7.65E+00
5.40E-01
7.01E-01
8.75E-01
9.77E-01
Pathway HQ
4.24E-02
4.73E-02
5.65E-02
1.20E-01
1.75E-01
2.39E-01
2.81E-01
3.82E-01
2.64E-01
3.87E-01
5.33E-01
6.29E-01
8.56E-01
5.19E-02
7.65E-02
1.07E-01
1.25E-01
1.71E-01
1.16E-01
1.51E-01
1.90E-01
2.13E-01
2.55E-01
1.80E-02
2.34E-02
2.92E-02
3.26E-02
R-38
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Ingestion
Barium
CAS: 7440-39-3
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Red Tailed Hawk
99
Ingestion
1.17E+00
3.89E-02
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
50
75
90
95
99
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
1.80E+00
2.33E+00
2.90E+00
3.24E+00
3.88E+00
5.99E-02
7.76E-02
9.67E-02
1.08E-01
1.29E-01
Western Meadowlark 50
Western Meadowlark 75
Western Meadowlark 90
Western Meadowlark 95
Western Meadowlark 99
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
5.90E-01
7.63E-01
9.47E-01
1.06E+00
1.27E+00
1.97E-02
2.54E-02
3.16E-02
3.52E-02
4.24E-02
R-39
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.55E-05
1.80E-05
1.97E-05
2.06E-05
2.23E-05
4.54E-05
5.29E-05
5.76E-05
5.93E-05
6.21E-05
5.64E-05
6.57E-05
7.15E-05
7.36E-05
7.71E-05
5.77E-06
6.77E-06
7.37E-06
7.63E-06
8.08E-06
1.42E-04
1.66E-04
1.80E-04
1.86E-04
1.95E-04
1.85E-04
2.16E-04
Pathway HQ
4.50E-07
5.23E-07
5.71E-07
5.98E-07
6.46E-07
7.43E-07
8.68E-07
9.44E-07
9.73E-07
1.02E-06
1.82E-07
2.13E-07
2.32E-07
2.38E-07
2.50E-07
5.23E-08
6.14E-08
6.68E-08
6.92E-08
7.32E-08
5.50E-07
6.42E-07
6.99E-07
7.20E-07
7.54E-07
4.90E-07
5.72E-07
R-40
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.35E-04
2.42E-04
2.53E-04
1.10E-04
1.29E-04
1.40E-04
1.44E-04
1.51E-04
7.69E-06
9.56E-06
1.18E-05
1.39E-05
2.18E-05
8.30E-05
1.37E-04
1.93E-04
2.37E-04
3.31E-04
4.70E-05
8.16E-05
1.18E-04
1.47E-04
2.09E-04
6.85E-06
8.51E-06
1.05E-05
1.24E-05
Pathway HQ
6.23E-07
6.41E-07
6.71E-07
6.25E-07
7.30E-07
7.94E-07
8.18E-07
8.56E-07
2.52E-08
3.13E-08
3.86E-08
4.56E-08
7.14E-08
7.13E-07
1.18E-06
1.66E-06
2.04E-06
2.84E-06
3.92E-07
6.79E-07
9.83E-07
1.22E-06
1.74E-06
2.67E-08
3.32E-08
4.08E-08
4.81E-08
R-41
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Chlorpyrifos
CAS: 2921-88-2
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.94E-05
3.34E-05
3.97E-05
4.47E-05
4.76E-05
5.36E-05
4.45E-05
5.19E-05
5.65E-05
5.82E-05
6.10E-05
1.09E-04
1.27E-04
1.38E-04
1.42E-04
1.49E-04
1.37E-04
1.60E-04
1.74E-04
1.80E-04
1.88E-04
2.89E-06
3.37E-06
3.67E-06
3.79E-06
3.97E-06
Pathway HQ
7.54E-08
4.44E-07
5.28E-07
5.94E-07
6.33E-07
7.13E-07
5.59E-07
6.52E-07
7.10E-07
7.31E-07
7.66E-07
6.28E-07
7.33E-07
7.98E-07
8.22E-07
8.60E-07
4.14E-07
4.83E-07
5.26E-07
5.41E-07
5.67E-07
7.18E-08
8.39E-08
9.13E-08
9.42E-08
9.86E-08
R-42
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.86E-03
3.40E-03
4.45E-03
4.85E-03
5.57E-03
1.18E-03
2.23E-03
2.88E-03
3.27E-03
4.45E-03
9.19E-03
1.69E-02
2.22E-02
2.41E-02
2.74E-02
6.42E-03
1.17E-02
1.53E-02
1.66E-02
1.84E-02
1.65E-03
3.14E-03
4.27E-03
5.38E-03
8.23E-03
2.14E-03
4.08E-03
Pathway HQ
1.15E-02
2.10E-02
2.76E-02
3.01E-02
3.45E-02
4.15E-03
7.82E-03
1.01E-02
1.15E-02
1.56E-02
6.35E-03
1.17E-02
1.53E-02
1.66E-02
1.89E-02
1.24E-02
2.27E-02
2.96E-02
3.22E-02
3.56E-02
1.36E-03
2.59E-03
3.53E-03
4.45E-03
6.81E-03
1.21E-03
2.31E-03
R-43
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
5.55E-03
7.00E-03
1.07E-02
1.28E-03
2.43E-03
3.31E-03
4.18E-03
6.39E-03
3.31E-02
7.34E-02
1.23E-01
1.73E-01
3.14E-01
3.97E-03
7.04E-03
1.72E-02
2.66E-02
5.69E-02
3.83E-03
5.78E-03
9.09E-03
1.29E-02
2.37E-02
2.96E-02
6.56E-02
1.10E-01
1.54E-01
Pathway HQ
3.14E-03
3.96E-03
6.07E-03
1.55E-03
2.95E-03
4.01E-03
5.07E-03
7.74E-03
2.32E-02
5.14E-02
8.60E-02
1.21E-01
2.20E-01
7.29E-03
1.29E-02
3.16E-02
4.88E-02
1.04E-01
6.80E-03
1.03E-02
1.62E-02
2.29E-02
4.22E-02
2.46E-02
5.46E-02
9.12E-02
1.28E-01
R-44
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Dioxane, 1,4-
CAS: 123-91-1
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.78E-01
7.28E-03
1.10E-02
1.79E-02
2.59E-02
4.76E-02
2.35E-03
4.41E-03
5.70E-03
6.25E-03
7.63E-03
1.27E-03
2.40E-03
3.27E-03
4.13E-03
6.31E-03
3.85E-03
7.25E-03
9.35E-03
1.05E-02
1.42E-02
2.27E-03
4.14E-03
5.41E-03
5.88E-03
6.52E-03
Pathway HQ
2.32E-01
2.07E-02
3.13E-02
5.09E-02
7.37E-02
1.35E-01
6.32E-03
1.18E-02
1.53E-02
1.68E-02
2.05E-02
1.56E-03
2.96E-03
4.03E-03
5.09E-03
7.78E-03
2.48E-03
4.66E-03
6.02E-03
6.78E-03
9.13E-03
1.21E-02
2.20E-02
2.87E-02
3.12E-02
3.46E-02
R-45
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.33E-04
4.04E-04
4.69E-04
5.07E-04
5.60E-04
1.99E-04
2.41E-04
2.80E-04
3.03E-04
3.34E-04
2.99E-04
3.64E-04
4.23E-04
4.56E-04
5.04E-04
2.11E-03
3.46E-03
4.84E-03
5.62E-03
7.32E-03
5.05E-05
6.67E-05
8.21E-05
9.19E-05
1.09E-04
9.34E-06
1.13E-05
Pathway HQ
1.05E-02
1.28E-02
1.48E-02
1.60E-02
1.77E-02
6.28E-03
7.64E-03
8.87E-03
9.57E-03
1.06E-02
9.47E-03
1.15E-02
1.34E-02
1.44E-02
1.59E-02
6.66E-02
1.09E-01
1.53E-01
1.78E-01
2.31E-01
1.40E-03
1.86E-03
2.29E-03
2.56E-03
3.04E-03
2.95E-04
3.58E-04
R-46
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.32E-05
1.42E-05
1.57E-05
2.17E-04
2.64E-04
3.06E-04
3.31E-04
3.65E-04
1.04E-04
1.27E-04
1.48E-04
1.59E-04
1 .76E-04
1.29E-04
1.57E-04
1.82E-04
1.97E-04
2.17E-04
1.25E-05
1.51E-05
1.75E-05
1.89E-05
2.08E-05
1.06E-03
1.75E-03
2.46E-03
2.86E-03
Pathway HQ
4.16E-04
4.49E-04
4.95E-04
6.86E-03
8.34E-03
9.68E-03
1.05E-02
1.15E-02
1.64E-03
2.00E-03
2.32E-03
2.50E-03
2.76E-03
4.01E-04
4.87E-04
5.66E-04
6.10E-04
6.74E-04
1.08E-04
1.31E-04
1.53E-04
1.64E-04
1.81E-04
3.34E-02
5.52E-02
7.78E-02
9.04E-02
R-47
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.73E-03
1.68E-03
2.74E-03
3.82E-03
4.42E-03
5.74E-03
3.27E-04
3.98E-04
4.62E-04
4.99E-04
5.51E-04
4.26E-04
5.18E-04
6.01E-04
6.49E-04
7.17E-04
2.54E-04
3.08E-04
3.58E-04
3.87E-04
4.27E-04
5.44E-05
6.70E-05
7.82E-05
8.50E-05
9.78E-05
Pathway HQ
1.18E-01
5.32E-02
8.67E-02
1.21E-01
1.40E-01
1.81E-01
1.22E-03
1.48E-03
1.72E-03
1.85E-03
2.05E-03
1.08E-03
1.32E-03
1.53E-03
1.65E-03
1.82E-03
1.38E-03
1.68E-03
1.95E-03
2.11E-03
2.32E-03
1.72E-03
2.12E-03
2.47E-03
2.69E-03
3.09E-03
Meadow Vole
50
Ingestion
1.90E-05
5.96E-05
R-48
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.31E-05
2.74E-05
3.02E-05
3.92E-05
1.50E-03
2.47E-03
3.47E-03
4.02E-03
5.24E-03
9.66E-04
1.60E-03
2.26E-03
2.63E-03
3.44E-03
7.78E-05
9.45E-05
1.10E-04
1.18E-04
1.31E-04
1.68E-05
2.05E-05
2.43E-05
2.68E-05
3.48E-05
1.04E-04
1.29E-04
1.51E-04
Pathway HQ
7.28E-05
8.61E-05
9.50E-05
1.23E-04
1.24E-02
2.04E-02
2.86E-02
3.32E-02
4.32E-02
7.71E-03
1.28E-02
1.80E-02
2.10E-02
2.75E-02
2.46E-03
2.99E-03
3.47E-03
3.75E-03
4.13E-03
6.29E-05
7.68E-05
9.08E-05
l.OOE-04
1.30E-04
1.32E-03
1.65E-03
1.93E-03
R-49
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Percentile
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.64E-04
1.91E-04
1.02E-04
1.25E-04
1.45E-04
1.56E-04
1.72E-04
1.51E-04
1.84E-04
2.14E-04
2.31E-04
2.55E-04
2.51E-04
3.05E-04
3.54E-04
3.82E-04
4.22E-04
3.16E-04
3.85E-04
4.47E-04
4.82E-04
5.32E-04
4.41E-04
5.36E-04
6.23E-04
6.72E-04
7.42E-04
Pathway HQ
2.09E-03
2.44E-03
1.23E-03
1.50E-03
1.74E-03
1.88E-03
2.08E-03
4.79E-03
5.83E-03
6.76E-03
7.30E-03
8.06E-03
1.39E-03
1.69E-03
1.96E-03
2.12E-03
2.34E-03
9.14E-04
1.11E-03
1.29E-03
1.39E-03
1.54E-03
1.39E-02
1.70E-02
1.97E-02
2.13E-02
2.35E-02
R-50
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Ingestion
Endrin
CAS: 72-20-8
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
2.94E-04
3.57E-04
4.15E-04
4.48E-04
4.94E-04
6.36E-06
7.71E-06
8.96E-06
9.65E-06
1.06E-05
9.28E-03
1.13E-02
1.31E-02
1.42E-02
1.56E-02
1.52E-04
1.84E-04
2.14E-04
2.30E-04
2.54E-04
R-51
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.16E-05
1.35E-05
1.49E-05
1.56E-05
1.66E-05
3.30E-05
3.84E-05
4.25E-05
4.43E-05
4.69E-05
4.25E-05
4.95E-05
5.47E-05
5.69E-05
6.01E-05
5.53E-06
6.44E-06
7.07E-06
7.29E-06
7.67E-06
1.03E-04
1.20E-04
1.33E-04
1.38E-04
1.46E-04
1.34E-04
1.56E-04
Pathway HQ
5.67E-05
6.59E-05
7.29E-05
7.66E-05
8.13E-05
9.14E-05
1.06E-04
1.18E-04
1.23E-04
1.30E-04
2.32E-05
2.71E-05
2.99E-05
3.11E-05
3.29E-05
8.46E-06
9.85E-06
1.08E-05
1.12E-05
1.17E-05
6.73E-05
7.83E-05
8.68E-05
9.04E-05
9.56E-05
6.00E-05
6.97E-05
R-52
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.73E-04
1.80E-04
1.90E-04
7.98E-05
9.28E-05
1.03E-04
1.07E-04
1.13E-04
8.99E-06
1.13E-05
1.41E-05
1.68E-05
2.65E-05
9.04E-05
1.31E-04
1.71E-04
1.93E-04
2.43E-04
4.65E-05
7.08E-05
9.37E-05
1.06E-04
1.40E-04
8.04E-06
1.01E-05
1.26E-05
1.50E-05
Pathway HQ
7.73E-05
8.05E-05
8.51E-05
7.65E-05
8.89E-05
9.86E-05
1.03E-04
1.09E-04
4.97E-06
6.26E-06
7.79E-06
9.28E-06
1.47E-05
1.31E-04
1.90E-04
2.47E-04
2.80E-04
3.53E-04
6.54E-05
9.94E-05
1.32E-04
1.49E-04
1.97E-04
5.29E-06
6.67E-06
8.27E-06
9.84E-06
R-53
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-
CAS: 319-85-7
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.36E-05
4.23E-05
5.29E-05
6.46E-05
7.25E-05
9.81E-05
3.26E-05
3.80E-05
4.20E-05
4.38E-05
4.63E-05
7.89E-05
9.17E-05
1.02E-04
1.06E-04
1.12E-04
l.OOE-04
1.16E-04
1.29E-04
1.34E-04
1.42E-04
2.58E-06
3.00E-06
3.28E-06
3.41E-06
3.55E-06
Pathway HQ
1.55E-05
9.51E-05
1.19E-04
1.45E-04
1.63E-04
2.20E-04
6.92E-05
8.05E-05
8.90E-05
9.28E-05
9.81E-05
7.68E-05
8.94E-05
9.91E-05
1.03E-04
1.09E-04
5.09E-05
5.92E-05
6.55E-05
6.83E-05
7.22E-05
1.08E-05
1.26E-05
1.38E-05
1.43E-05
1.49E-05
R-54
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Kestrel
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Robin
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
American Woodcock
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Belted Kingfisher
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.63E+01
8.96E+01
1.13E+02
1.28E+02
1.58E+02
6.15E+01
8.30E+01
1.05E+02
1.19E+02
1.46E+02
1.14E+01
1.54E+01
1.94E+01
2.19E+01
2.70E+01
3.64E+01
4.81E+01
6.02E+01
6.71E+01
8.31E+01
1.01E+01
1.36E+01
1.72E+01
1.94E+01
2.39E+01
1.04E+00
1.40E+00
Pathway HQ
6.79E-02
9.17E-02
1.16E-01
1.31E-01
1.62E-01
6.29E-02
8.50E-02
1.07E-01
1.21E-01
1.50E-01
1.17E-02
1.57E-02
1.99E-02
2.24E-02
2.76E-02
3.73E-02
4.92E-02
6.17E-02
6.86E-02
8.51E-02
2.81E-01
3.77E-01
4.76E-01
5.38E-01
6.62E-01
1.07E-03
1.43E-03
R-55
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coopers Hawk
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
Great Blue Heron
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.76E+00
1.98E+00
2.42E+00
4.12E-01
5.40E-01
6.78E-01
7.63E-01
9.07E-01
4.39E+00
5.89E+00
7.43E+00
8.39E+00
1.03E+01
3.88E+01
5.23E+01
6.61E+01
7.48E+01
9.23E+01
1.70E+00
2.27E+00
2.82E+00
3.21E+00
3.89E+00
6.16E+00
8.78E+00
1.17E+01
1.36E+01
Pathway HQ
1.80E-03
2.03E-03
2.48E-03
4.21E-04
5.52E-04
6.94E-04
7.81E-04
9.29E-04
6.87E-02
9.23E-02
1.16E-01
1.31E-01
1.62E-01
1.20E-01
1.62E-01
2.05E-01
2.31E-01
2.86E-01
1.47E-02
1.96E-02
2.45E-02
2.78E-02
3.36E-02
6.31E-03
8.98E-03
1.20E-02
1.40E-02
R-56
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Green Heron
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
Mallard Duck
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.82E+01
2.61E+01
3.49E+01
4.39E+01
4.86E+01
6.27E+01
6.64E+00
8.91E+00
1.12E+01
1.27E+01
1.56E+01
1.34E+02
1.81E+02
2.29E+02
2.59E+02
3.20E+02
5.01E+00
6.72E+00
8.46E+00
9.56E+00
1.17E+01
1.25E+01
1.70E+01
2.15E+01
2.42E+01
3.06E+01
Pathway HQ
1.87E-02
2.68E-02
3.58E-02
4.49E-02
4.98E-02
6.41E-02
2.46E-02
3.30E-02
4.16E-02
4.70E-02
5.78E-02
3.40E-01
4.60E-01
5.80E-01
6.57E-01
8.10E-01
2.72E-02
3.65E-02
4.59E-02
5.19E-02
6.37E-02
1.28E-02
1.74E-02
2.21E-02
2.48E-02
3.13E-02
Meadow Vole
50
Ingestion
1.73E+00
5.43E-03
R-57
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Northern Bobwhite
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.31E+00
2.86E+00
3.26E+00
3.93E+00
1.49E+01
2.02E+01
2.55E+01
2.88E+01
3.77E+01
5.20E+00
7.48E+00
1.01E+01
1.18E+01
1.60E+01
1.87E+01
2.52E+01
3.18E+01
3.60E+01
4.44E+01
1.54E+00
2.05E+00
2.55E+00
2.90E+00
3.50E+00
2.09E+01
2.86E+01
3.62E+01
Pathway HQ
7.23E-03
8.97E-03
1.02E-02
1.23E-02
1.23E-01
1.66E-01
2.09E-01
2.37E-01
3.10E-01
4.13E-02
5.95E-02
8.07E-02
9.42E-02
1.27E-01
1.92E-02
2.58E-02
3.26E-02
3.69E-02
4.54E-02
5.75E-03
7.65E-03
9.50E-03
1.08E-02
1.30E-02
2.65E-01
3.63E-01
4.59E-01
R-58
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Red Tailed Hawk
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
Tree Swallow
R-2. Ecological
Percentile
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Screening Hazard
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
4.09E+01
5.24E+01
5.47E-01
7.20E-01
9.06E-01
1.02E+00
1.21E+00
6.19E+00
8.33E+00
1.05E+01
1.19E+01
1.46E+01
1.82E+01
2.45E+01
3.09E+01
3.50E+01
4.31E+01
4.15E+01
5.60E+01
7.07E+01
7.99E+01
9.85E+01
1.38E+02
1.86E+02
2.35E+02
2.66E+02
3.28E+02
Pathway HQ
5.20E-01
6.66E-01
6.57E-03
8.65E-03
1.09E-02
1.22E-02
1.45E-02
6.34E-03
8.53E-03
1.08E-02
1.22E-02
1.50E-02
l.OOE-01
1.35E-01
1.71E-01
1.93E-01
2.38E-01
1.20E-01
1.61E-01
2.03E-01
2.30E-01
2.84E-01
1.41E-01
1.90E-01
2.40E-01
2.72E-01
3.35E-01
R-59
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Ingestion
Manganese
CAS: 7439-96-5
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
9.25E+01
1.25E+02
1.58E+02
1.79E+02
2.20E+02
7.68E-01
1.02E+00
1.28E+00
1.44E+00
1.74E+00
9.47E-02
1.28E-01
1.61E-01
1.83E-01
2.25E-01
1.82E-02
2.43E-02
3.04E-02
3.43E-02
4.14E-02
R-60
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
6.20E-03
3.01E-02
4.07E-02
4.39E-02
4.67E-02
5.17E-03
2.58E-02
3.49E-02
3.77E-02
4.02E-02
2.89E-02
1.46E-01
1.97E-01
2.13E-01
2.26E-01
2.17E-02
9.83E-02
1.33E-01
1.43E-01
1.53E-01
1.01E-02
5.11E-02
6.90E-02
7.47E-02
7.94E-02
1.32E-02
6.65E-02
Pathway HQ
9.55E-06
4.63E-05
6.26E-05
6.77E-05
7.19E-05
4.49E-06
2.25E-05
3.04E-05
3.28E-05
3.49E-05
4.96E-06
2.50E-05
3.38E-05
3.66E-05
3.89E-05
1.05E-05
4.73E-05
6.39E-05
6.88E-05
7.36E-05
2.08E-06
1.05E-05
1.42E-05
1.54E-05
1.63E-05
1.85E-06
9.35E-06
R-61
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.98E-02
9.72E-02
1.03E-01
7.85E-03
3.96E-02
5.35E-02
5.79E-02
6.15E-02
5.89E-02
3.24E-01
5.21E-01
7.05E-01
1.24E+00
7.82E-03
1.77E-02
4.11E-02
6.68E-02
1.45E-01
1.65E-02
3.36E-02
4.31E-02
4.64E-02
6.07E-02
5.32E-02
2.92E-01
4.67E-01
6.27E-01
Pathway HQ
1.26E-05
1.37E-05
1.45E-05
2.36E-06
1.19E-05
1.61E-05
1.74E-05
1.85E-05
1.02E-05
5.64E-05
9.06E-05
1.23E-04
2.16E-04
3.56E-06
8.08E-06
1.87E-05
3.05E-05
6.62E-05
7.28E-06
1.48E-05
1.90E-05
2.05E-05
2.68E-05
1.10E-05
6.03E-05
9.66E-05
1.30E-04
R-62
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
CAS: 78-93-3
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.11E+00
3.04E-02
6.51E-02
8.34E-02
8.99E-02
1.18E-01
8.57E-03
4.29E-02
5.80E-02
6.27E-02
6.67E-02
7.75E-03
3.91E-02
5.28E-02
5.72E-02
6.08E-02
1.64E-02
8.21E-02
1.11E-01
1.20E-01
1.28E-01
7.78E-03
3.49E-02
4.72E-02
5.09E-02
5.44E-02
Pathway HQ
2.29E-04
2.15E-05
4.59E-05
5.89E-05
6.34E-05
8.36E-05
5.71E-06
2.86E-05
3.87E-05
4.18E-05
4.44E-05
2.38E-06
1.20E-05
1.62E-05
1.75E-05
1.86E-05
2.63E-06
1.31E-05
1.77E-05
1.92E-05
2.04E-05
1.03E-05
4.61E-05
6.22E-05
6.71E-05
7.17E-05
R-63
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
3.48E-05
1.07E-04
1.37E-04
1.48E-04
1.56E-04
5.98E-05
1.83E-04
2.34E-04
2.53E-04
2.68E-04
1.57E-04
4.81E-04
6.16E-04
6.65E-04
7.03E-04
7.37E-05
2.29E-04
2.93E-04
3.16E-04
3.37E-04
1.65E-04
5.07E-04
6.47E-04
6.99E-04
7.41E-04
2.15E-04
6.60E-04
Pathway HQ
2.00E-07
6.15E-07
7.85E-07
8.49E-07
8.96E-07
1.94E-07
5.95E-07
7.59E-07
8.20E-07
8.68E-07
l.OOE-07
3.09E-07
3.95E-07
4.26E-07
4.51E-07
1.32E-07
4.10E-07
5.25E-07
5.67E-07
6.05E-07
1.27E-07
3.89E-07
4.97E-07
5.36E-07
5.68E-07
1.13E-07
3.47E-07
R-64
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
8.43E-04
9.10E-04
9.64E-04
1.28E-04
3.93E-04
5.02E-04
5.42E-04
5.74E-04
1.46E-04
4.81E-04
6.94E-04
8.70E-04
1.46E-03
3.64E-05
8.32E-05
2.19E-04
2.98E-04
4.58E-04
5.57E-05
7.99E-05
9.97E-05
1.33E-04
1.96E-04
1.33E-04
4.38E-04
6.28E-04
7.84E-04
Pathway HQ
4.42E-07
4.78E-07
5.06E-07
1.44E-07
4.42E-07
5.64E-07
6.09E-07
6.45E-07
9.46E-08
3.12E-07
4.50E-07
5.65E-07
9.45E-07
6.18E-08
1.42E-07
3.73E-07
5.07E-07
7.78E-07
9.18E-08
1.32E-07
1.64E-07
2.19E-07
3.24E-07
1.02E-07
3.38E-07
4.85E-07
6.05E-07
R-65
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Naled
CAS: 300-76-5
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.30E-03
1.61E-04
2.33E-04
2.82E-04
3.11E-04
4.64E-04
7.14E-05
2.19E-04
2.80E-04
3.02E-04
3.20E-04
1.27E-04
3.89E-04
4.96E-04
5.36E-04
5.68E-04
1.84E-04
5.63E-04
7.19E-04
7.77E-04
8.23E-04
2.69E-05
8.35E-05
1.07E-04
1.15E-04
1.23E-04
Pathway HQ
1.01E-06
4.25E-07
6.13E-07
7.41E-07
8.18E-07
1.22E-06
1.77E-07
5.44E-07
6.96E-07
7.51E-07
7.95E-07
1.45E-07
4.44E-07
5.67E-07
6.12E-07
6.49E-07
1.10E-07
3.36E-07
4.29E-07
4.63E-07
4.91E-07
1.33E-07
4.11E-07
5.26E-07
5.67E-07
6.05E-07
R-66
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
R-2. Ecological
Screening Hazard
Quotients for Ingestion
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.22E+00
5.91E+00
1.43E+01
1.82E+01
2.47E+01
2.92E+00
1.61E+01
3.93E+01
5.15E+01
7.13E+01
3.85E+00
2.05E+01
4.97E+01
6.47E+01
8.95E+01
7.95E-01
2.99E+00
6.99E+00
8.91E+00
1.19E+01
8.54E+00
4.87E+01
1.19E+02
1.58E+02
2.19E+02
1.10E+01
6.32E+01
Pathway HQ
5.62E-03
2.73E-02
6.61E-02
8.42E-02
1.14E-01
7.63E-03
4.20E-02
1.03E-01
1.34E-01
1.86E-01
1.99E-03
1.06E-02
2.57E-02
3.34E-02
4.62E-02
1.15E-03
4.32E-03
1.01E-02
1.29E-02
1.71E-02
5.27E-03
3.01E-02
7.37E-02
9.75E-02
1.35E-01
4.65E-03
2.67E-02
R-67
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
R-2. Ecological
Screening Hazard
Quotients for Ingestion
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.55E+02
2.05E+02
2.84E+02
6.68E+00
3.80E+01
9.29E+01
1.23E+02
1.70E+02
9.90E-01
3.16E+00
7.80E+00
l.OOE+01
1.32E+01
7.66E+00
1.92E+01
5.42E+01
6.96E+01
9.46E+01
4.66E+00
1.06E+01
3.31E+01
4.29E+01
5.94E+01
9.09E-01
2.87E+00
7.11E+00
9.11E+00
Pathway HQ
6.55E-02
8.65E-02
1.20E-01
6.04E-03
3.44E-02
8.40E-02
1.11E-01
1.54E-01
5.17E-04
1.65E-03
4.07E-03
5.22E-03
6.92E-03
1.05E-02
2.63E-02
7.42E-02
9.53E-02
1.29E-01
6.19E-03
1.40E-02
4.39E-02
5.70E-02
7.88E-02
5.65E-04
1.78E-03
4.42E-03
5.66E-03
R-68
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table
R-2. Ecological
Screening Hazard
Quotients for Ingestion
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
CAS: 14797-55-8
Receptor
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Red Fox
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tail Weasel
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
Short Tailed Shrew
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
White Tailed Deer
Percentile
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.21E+01
1.99E+00
1.01E+01
2.46E+01
3.18E+01
4.34E+01
2.92E+00
1.58E+01
3.88E+01
5.07E+01
7.04E+01
6.60E+00
3.76E+01
9.18E+01
1.22E+02
1.68E+02
8.88E+00
4.86E+01
1.19E+02
1.56E+02
2.16E+02
4.88E-01
1.73E+00
4.13E+00
5.25E+00
7.12E+00
Pathway HQ
7.50E-03
4.22E-03
2.14E-02
5.22E-02
6.73E-02
9.19E-02
5.85E-03
3.17E-02
7.76E-02
1.01E-01
1.41E-01
6.07E-03
3.46E-02
8.45E-02
1.12E-01
1.55E-01
4.26E-03
2.34E-02
5.72E-02
7.49E-02
1.04E-01
1.93E-03
6.85E-03
1.64E-02
2.08E-02
2.82E-02
R-69
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7
Receptor
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Black Bear
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Coyote
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Deer Mouse
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Eastern Cottontail
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Least Weasel
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Percentile
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
1.73E-03
2.03E-03
2.21E-03
2.28E-03
2.39E-03
4.57E-03
5.33E-03
5.82E-03
5.98E-03
6.26E-03
6.55E-03
7.64E-03
8.32E-03
8.57E-03
8.94E-03
2.22E-03
2.65E-03
3.09E-03
3.31E-03
4.23E-03
1.41E-02
1.64E-02
1.79E-02
1.84E-02
1.92E-02
1.83E-02
2.14E-02
Pathway HQ
5.99E-03
7.03E-03
7.65E-03
7.88E-03
8.27E-03
8.96E-03
1.04E-02
1.14E-02
1.17E-02
1.23E-02
2.53E-03
2.96E-03
3.22E-03
3.31E-03
3.46E-03
2.40E-03
2.87E-03
3.34E-03
3.58E-03
4.58E-03
6.51E-03
7.59E-03
8.27E-03
8.51E-03
8.90E-03
5.80E-03
6.76E-03
R-70
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7
Receptor
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Little Brown Bat
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Long Tailed Weasel
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Meadow Vole
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Mink
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Muskrat
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Prairie Vole
Percentile
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
99
50
75
90
95
Pathway
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Quotients for Ingestion
Dose (mg/kg/d)
2.32E-02
2.39E-02
2.50E-02
1.09E-02
1.27E-02
1.38E-02
1.42E-02
1.49E-02
3.24E-03
4.05E-03
4.87E-03
5.38E-03
7.51E-03
1.12E-03
1.40E-03
1.78E-03
2.21E-03
3.89E-03
8.86E-04
1.07E-03
1.25E-03
1.40E-03
1.91E-03
2.95E-03
3.68E-03
4.42E-03
4.89E-03
Pathway HQ
7.36E-03
7.58E-03
7.93E-03
7.39E-03
8.62E-03
9.39E-03
9.66E-03
1.01E-02
1.27E-03
1.59E-03
1.91E-03
2.11E-03
2.94E-03
1.15E-03
1.43E-03
1.83E-03
2.27E-03
3.99E-03
8.81E-04
1.07E-03
1.24E-03
1.39E-03
1.90E-03
1.37E-03
1.71E-03
2.06E-03
2.28E-03
R-71
-------
Appendix R
Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients
Table R-2. Ecological Screening Hazard Quotients for Ingestion
Xylenes
CAS: 1330-20-7
Receptor
Percentile
Pathway
Dose (mg/kg/d)
Pathway HQ
Prairie Vole
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
Raccoon
99
50
75
90
95
99
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
Ingestion
6.81E-03
3.28E-03
3.81E-03
4.17E-03
4.36E-03
5.12E-03
3.17E-03
5.20E-03
6.05E-03
6.62E-03
6.93E-03
8.14E-03
R-72
------- |