United States Office of
Environmental Protect™ IHe Comptroller
Agency Washington. DC 2046i
Feb'ua-y 1994
?/EPA
Summary of the
1995 Budget
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 204*0
THE ADMINISTRATOR
MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR:
I am pleased to present the 1995 budget for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. This budget represents a significant increase from the prior year and reflects the
Administration's commitment to protecting human health and improving the overall quality of
our nation's environment.
With this budget, we have begun to build the foundation of a new, energized agency
that is confident of its place as the leading environmental organization in the world. We
have been working to tackle one of the most daunting regulatory and implementation agendas
of any agency anywhere in the federal government. We are confident that not only will we
successfully meet the environmental challenges that confront us, but that we will anticipate
and resolve environmental issues before they become major environmental problems.
EPA's new policy agenda represents a new generation of environmental thinking that
combines common sense, innovation, and flexibility to achieve environmental goals.
Specifically, it means: pursuing environmental justice in all of our work; encouraging and
supporting new environmental technologies; creating comprehensive approaches to
environmental concerns; supporting our decision making with quality science; and targeting
high risk areas.
The strategies represented in the 1995 budget make tremendous strides in
accomplishing the goal of creating a more efficient and effective government. The budget
also includes management initiatives that will help us accomplish this goal: a major new
contract reform initiative; reorganization of the Office of Enforcement; procurement of new
facilities and laboratory space for better science; support for Presidential initiatives for water
quality, environmental technology, and global change; and streamlining the Agency's
workforce.
In all of our efforts, we must always remember that protecting our environment
means protecting public health. I believe that no agency in this government has a greater
impact on the lives and livelihoods of Americans than EPA. Citizens across the nation are
counting on EPA to make their lives safer, and healthier. Let me assure every one of you
that at EPA, we take that responsibility very seriously.
Carol M. Browner
Administrator
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CONTENTS
PAGE
Overview of the 1995 Budget 3
Enforcement Reorganization 9
Operating Budget Summary , 11
Air. 13
Water Quality 17
Drinking Water 19
Hazardous Waste..., 21
Pesticides 25
Radiation 27
Multimedia 29
Toxic Substances 33
Management & Support 35
Oil Spills 39
Inspector General 43
Superfund 47
LUST 53
Water Infrastructure 57
Research And Development 61
State and Local Grants 69
Appendix: Budget Tables 75
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NOTE: The charts on the following pages include the 1994 Current
Estimate and the 1995 President's Budget. Unless otherwise
noted, all comparisons between 1995 and 1994 budget levels in the
narrative refer to the 1994 Current Estimate and 1995 President's
Budget. (The "Current Estimate" is the Agency's current plan for
using its resources.)
References to workyears refer to total workyears rather than only
"permanent" workyears, Additionally, some numbers may not add
due to independent rounding.
Cover Photo: Steve Delaney
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OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW OF THE 1995 BUDGET
The 1995 President's Budget for the
Environmental Protection Agency is a strong
statement of the Administration's support for the
environment in an era of limited Federal resources.
This budget proposal is a landmark for the Agency
and for the Clinton Administration because it
marks a new policy agenda for environmental
protection. It supports the Agency's
environmental program, including initiatives that
promote enhanced water quality, environmental
technology, global change, and the North
American Free Trade Agreement, It also reflects
the Agency's new policy agenda for protecting
human health and the environment, through
investments in pollution prevention,
environmental justice, partnerships with other
governmental and non-governmental groups, and
ecosystem protection. Equally important, it
supports the Administration's efforts to improve
the quality, performance and management of the
federal government.
The Agency's 1995 Budget is $7.2 billion
and 19,418 workyears, an increase of $500 million
and 793 workyears from 1994. Of this increase,
over $300 million is in our operating programs,
representing an increase of 13% in this area.
Development of the Agency's 1995 budget began
with a rigorous review of the Agency's base
activities and resources. As a result of that
review, our request includes a significant shifting
of base resources to new activities focused on
environmental and managerial goals.
The President's 1995 Budget for EPA
makes tremendous strides in accomplishing the
goal of creating a government that works better
and costs less. The Budget supports particular
activities that demonstrate EPA's new policy
agenda, including: increasing in-house expertise
through contractor conversion; reorganizing the
Office of Enforcement; procuring new facilities
and laboratory space for better science; supporting
Presidential initiatives for water quality,
environmental technology, and global change;
and streamlining the Agency's workforce.
HIGHLIGHTS
Increasing In-house Expertise
As an Agency, we are committed not only
to environmental protection but also to responsible
management of our resources. To address this
concern, this budget includes an increases in
staffing to convert some contractors to federal
employees in key areas where the result will be
betterprogram control and management. Having
Federal employees perform work previously done
by contractors will reduce potentially
inappropriate contractor conflicts of interests,
reducing our vulnerability in this area.
Office of Enforcement Reorganization
An Agency-wide effort to reorganize and
consolidate our Headquarters enforcement
function was initiated by Administrator Browner
in the summer of 1993. She called for an
organization capable of undertaking effective
enforcement targeting, multimedia inspections
and case development, settlements that foster
pollution prevention and environmental audits, a
strong program for enforcing EPA's core statutory
authorities, and ensuring environmental justice.
She stated that the new organization should
speak to the public, States, Tribes, local
governments, and the regulated community with
one clear and consistent voice and be compatible
with "a new era of environmental protection - one
that recognizes both the maturity of the nation's
environmental programs and the complexities of
environmental concerns."
This first major effort to reinvent EPA
used an open and participatory approach involving
customers both within and outside the Agency.
The National Performance Review recommended
that EPA initiate a reorganization of
Headquarters enforcement by October 1, 1993.
We are pleased to report that the Task Force
effort creating the new Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance completed its work in
October 1993. Implementation of the new
organization is ongoing and expected to be
complete in the spring of 1994.
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OVERVIEW
Base Redirections
To create the 1995 Budget, Agency senior
managers first completed a thorough review of
the Agency's base program activities and
resources. This resulted in constructing a budget
request that refocuses a significant portion of
these resources (over 500 workyears and $113
million) on activities for our new policy agenda
and managerial goals. A major example of this is
in our request for resources to improve the quality
of the Nation's surface waters. We have taken
resources previously used for controlling point
source pollution and redirected them to address
nonpoint sources of water pollution since this
type of pollution is now the greatest single source
of water pollution facing the Nation. In other
programs, wehave also redirected resources from
lower risk to higher risk areas. Examples include,
redirecting $8 million for acid deposition research,
$7.4 million for air toxics and criteria air pollutant
research, and $2.2 million for the asbestos
program.
The 1995 Budget request also includes a
major investment for critically needed facilities
projects. The investment is designed to ensure a
healthy and safe working environment for
employees and to guarantee that our research
laboratories provide an environment where high
quulity science can be conducted. Not only will
these improved facilities provide a tremendous
boost to EPA's mission, they will save taxpayers
millions of dollars over the long-term and improve
our ability to protect the environment.
PresidentialInitiatives
EPA's 1995 budget includes funding for
Presidential initiatives, some of which are joint
projects between EPA and other government
agencies and departments. These investments
will create tremendous new opportunities for
American business to develop advanced systems
to clean our air, land and water. Together, these
investments prove that spurring economic growth
and protecting the environment can be
accomplished hand in hand.
Climate Change Action Plan/
Green Programs/ETI
The Climate Change Action Plan,
released in October 1993, outlines
national strategies to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year
2000. EPA is proud to have played an
important role in developing the Action
Plan and will be an active participant in
implementing it. The Action Plan relies
strongly on strategies that have been
pioneered and field-tested at EPA, and
calls for significant increases in these
programs in FY 1995. This includes
expansion of the highly successful Green
Lights program, expansion of EPA's
Energy Star Building program, and
launching new outreach and technical
assistance programs targeted at landfill
and coal mine owners to achieve
reductions in methane emissions.
Under its Environmental
Technology Initiative, EPA has outlined
four strategic approaches to stimulate
and accelerate innovative technology
development. These areas include:
technology development through
nonregulatory tools by outside funding
sources; creating incentives in EPA
policies and regulatory programs;
promoting diffusion ofU.S. environmental
technologies at home and abroad, and
providing strategic EPA contract and
grant funding.
Clean Water SRF/Drinking Water
SRF/Non-point Souroe/NAFTA
The President is committed to
improving water quality and ensuring
the safety of the Nation's drinking water
supply. These activities will be funded
through the two State Revolving Funds
established in 1994. The Clean Water
State Revolving Fund helps States finance
a broad range of water quality
improvement projects including
secondary treatment, combined sewer
overflows and stormwater control. The
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OVERVIEW
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
will provide loans for constructing needed
improvements to drinking water systems
and for restructuring small systems to
ensure compliance. Controllingnonpoint
source (NFS) pollution, which is the
largest contributor to water quality
degradation, will be an integral part of
EPA's watershed approach to water
quality improvement.
EPA is also committed to the
agreements reached in the Environmental
Side Agreement of the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which
provide unprecedented benefits for the
North American environment. The
NAFTA package lays out a framework for
unparalleled cooperation on a full range
of environmental issues facing the North
American continent in the coming years.
EPA will contribute to an innovative U.S./
Mexico Border Financing Plan, to leverage
resources to help border communities
address the serious environmental
problems they are facing.
EPA. Initiatives
Pollution Prevention
EPA continues to promote
pollution prevention—the elimination of
pollution at the source — as the primary
guiding principle for protecting the
environment. This strategy has exciting
potential for both protecting the
environment and strengtheningeconomic
growth by encouraging more efficient
manufacturing processes. We are looking
for opportunities to integrate pollution
prevention into all areas of our work: in
permits, rulemaking, and enforcement.
In addition to providing new levels of
funding for our successful Greens
Programs and for expansion of the Toxics
Release Inventory, we also are proposing
to increase funds available to support
other federal and state pollution
prevention activities.
Builcj jrftg Partnerships
In order to accomplish the
President's tremendous environmental,
social and economic agenda, we must
enhance our relationships with other
governmental agencies, non-
governmental organizations, and the
business community. An abundant
wealth of energy and resources exist
outside of EPA that can help us do more
for the environment and our community
than ever before. We recognize the
importance of strengthening the role of
state, local and tribal governments and
have included initiatives designed to
promote flexibility and innovation in
environmental management.
Environmental Justice
EPA is working to ensure that
the benefits of environmental protection
can be shared by everyone in society. We
are determined to integrate a commitment
to environmental justice into our
programs and activities, including
permitting, grants, data collection and
analysis, and enforcement. We are
striving to improve our ability to assess
disparate effects of environmental
degradation on different communities and
to target remedies. To this end, we are
embarking on a new and exciting effort to
strengthen the capacity of minority and
low-income communities to provide
pollution prevention solutions to
environmental problems. We are
establishing an environmental justice
clearinghouse and promoting self-help
environmental programs to minority and
low-income communities.
Ecosystem Protection
EPA's budget reflects the Agency's
intent to promote the restoration and
protection of critical habitats within
watersheds. We have learned that in
order to effectively address many
environmental problems we must
establish more tailored, geographically-
based strategies. Such strategies
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OVERVIEW
incorporate land, water, and air resources
and their influence on the health and
vitality of living organisms. The 1995
Budget will achieve this goal primarily
through better coordination of existing
EPA programs, which are established
primarily through media based
authorities.
Super-fund
The Agency's Superfund budget request
continues the momentum we have achieved in
cleaning up Superfund sites. By the end of 1995,
we project that over 330 sites will have all
construction activities completed, thereby
preventing further exposure to hazardous
substances for thousands of citizens and
minimizing additional environmental damage.
The Administration is proposing legislation to
reform the Superfund program. Reforms to the
current liability system will reduce litigation costs
for the private sector. Reforms to the existing
remedy selection process will reduce cleanup costs.
The Agency iscurrently engaged in implementing
important administrative improvements
announced in 1993. These improvements will
enhance enforcement fairness and reduce
processing costs, accelerate the pace of cleanups,
increase public involvement, and enhance the
role of States in the Superfund program.
State and Local Grants
The 1995 President's Budget allocates
$616.6 million to support State and local
environmental programs as part of the Operating
Programs, an increase of $15.5 million from the
1994 Current Estimate. The Budget recognizes
and maintains the commitment for essential state
and grant programs, while satisfying fiscal
constraints necessary throughout the federal
government. Significant resource increases are
included in the areas of nonpoint source control,
wetlands program implementation, hazardous
waste and air programs.
Summary
I am particularly proud of EPA's 1995
Budget request. I believe it represents tremendous
dedication to protecting human health and the
environment. Ourmanagementinitiatives which
reduce over-reliance on contractors, reorganize
the enforcement program to make it more efficient
and effective, and redistribute resources to our
most pressing needs are the tools to support our
new policy agenda and the Presidential
environmental initiatives. I believe these
activities will enable EPA to more effectively
accomplish its new environmental agenda through
pollution prevention, partnerships, environmental
justice and ecosystem approaches, in addition to
providing fiscal savings and accountability.
With this request, the Agency continues
to find cost-effective and efficient ways to fulfill
statutory mandates, to reduce risk to human
health, and to protect the environment. In
developing this budget, we have not only
restructured programs but have realigned
resources so that environmental priorities are
most effectively evaluated and addressed. This
budget request provides the ingenuity, resources
and leadership to pursue an ambitious
environmental agenda well into the 21st century.
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In 1995, The Agency's Budget Will Total $7.2 Billion
1 1 Operating Programs
EZ3 Water Infrastructure
$6,02OM
S S
$1,584
$2,793
/
/
$5,849 M
Jr
$1,723
lil,595
|$2531
s
i
'*
$t>,u3u in
/ J
$1,913
1 $1,677
($2,440
/
'/
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$6,515 M
f j*
$2,286
I$lj701
1 $2,528
/
X
$6,459 M
$2,556
$l,85d
$2,045
x
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"?
$6,882 M
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$2,602
Y///A
1 $1,7281
W/s
Ijfco 552
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$6,659 M
/ S
$2,689
$1,573
1$2,397
^
$7,178 M
/" ^
$3,051
$1,576
$2,550
/
/
1988 1989
1990 1991
1992
1993 1994
1995
The Agency's Workyear Ceiling Will Increase as Part of the
Agency's Contractor Conversion Process
f~| Operating Programs
(3 Superfand/LUST
19.418
1
14,450 14,444
/~
11,732
f J f J .
,718
1988
X
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11,566
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',
2.878 L?
1989
15^77
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11,860
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3 A 1 *7
,41 /
1990
^
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16,415
/
12,892
ss/ss
Ol 523
' y x x /
1991
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17,010 17,280
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13,392
77777
P 3 618 [
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1992
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1
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13,575
//7f/
3 705
S 7 / /
1993
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18,625
/
14^94
\////s
1 4 331 1
1994
S
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/
'/
/ /
ffiO
//1250K
/
14,289
'////,
4,229
/////.
1995
^
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iContractor
jConversion
7
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ENFORCEMENT REORGANIZATION
ENFORCEMENT REORGANIZATION
The new strategic enforcement
organization for EPA is reflected in the 1995
budget. Headquarters enforcement functions are
now being organized under the Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA)
for 1994 and 1995. Final regional enforcement
programs decisions for the OECA reorganization
have not yet been completed, therefore, the
regional components remain in the same structure
as presented in the 1994 President's budget. In
1995, the President's Budget requests $461.0
million and 4,268 workyears for the enforcement
function. Within this amount, $72.5 million and
329 workyears have been shifted from media
Headquarters enforcementprograms intoOECA.
The new enforcement framework
fundamentally reorients the agency's enforcement
program by: placing greater emphasis on multi-
media, whole facility approaches to enforcement;
addressing compliance problems that pervade
certain sectors of the regulated community;
improvingthe targeting of enforcement resources,
particularly for ecosystem protection and
geographic initiatives; and, building the capacity
of State, local and tribal enforcement authorities.
The Regulatory Enforcement program
provides consistent direction to EPA enforcement
for all non-Superfund media to assure the most
effective possible stewardship of EPA's
enforcement responsibilities as they contribute
to the protection of environmental quality. To
accomplish this goal, the Regulatory Enforcement
program: 1) develops, implements and monitors
enforcement cases and case initiatives that
support EPA's enforcement priorities; 2)
establishes policies and procedural guidelines so
that environmental enforcement case actions are
properly selected, prepared and issued; and 3)
establishes measures to ensure policies and
procedures are correctly implemented by the
Agency's Headquarters and Regional Offices and
delegated state programs.
The Media and Sector Compliance
program develops and promotes innovative
compliance and enforcement strategies for use by
the Regions and States. The program develops
national enforcement and compliance priorities
and defines and communicates compliance goals
for OECA. The Media and Sector Compliance
program will be responsible for the continuum of
compliance monitoring activities undertaken prior
to bringing an action against a specific facility.
These activities include: conducting inspections
and maintaining data on the compliance status of
facilities subject to federal requirements;
establishing the necessary monitoring and
measurement techniques required to determine
whether a facility is in compliance with the law;
developing and supporting inspection policy and
guidance; encouraging voluntary compliance
through self-auditing; and providing compliance
assistance to the industry.
The Site Remediation Enforcement
program will develop enforcement policies and
guidelines, perform program analyses and
evaluations, and develop Regional and State
capabilities to ensure facility implementation of
mandated requirements. The program provides
technical enforcement support to the Regions and
States as they implement the use of corrective
action interim measures to stabilize facilities and
as they begin more long term remediation
activities. To ensure national consistency in the
corrective action program, the Agency will review
remedy selection and implementation for
individual facilities. The technical knowledge
gained from implementing RCRA as well as
Superfund remedies will be used in providing
technical support in remedy selection criteria and
the selection process, guidance on the oversight of
owner/operator activities, as well as negotiation
strategies.
The Enforcement Capacity and Outreach
program will oversee the development and
implementation of outreach strategies which
assure that external groups understand the
Agency's enforcement programs and have an
opportunity to participate in program planning,
priority setting and implementation. External
groups include other enforcement authorities at
the Federal, state, local, and tribal levels as well
as such other constituents as Congress,
environmental groups, and affiliated associations.
The program will also provide environmental
enforcement training for Federal, State, and local
environmental enforcement personnel through
the National Enforcement Training Institute as
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ENFORCEMENT REORGANIZATION
mandated by the Pollution Prosecution Act of
1990, and coordinate the development of a
communications, outreach and training program
targeted to communities which are the focus of
environmental justice initiatives.
The following enforcement programs
remain in the same structure as presented in
prior years. The Federal Facilities Enforcement
program's mission is to shape and oversee the
Federal government's environmental
management program and compliance with
relevant statutes. The Criminal Enforcement
program provides a major deterrent to violators
of environmental laws and regulations by
demonstrating to the regulated community that
willful statutory violations will be met with harsh
sanctions in terms of both fines and jail sentences.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center
provides specialized technical expertise and
forensic laboratory work for all media in support
of EPA civil and criminal enforcement case
preparation activities nationwide.
Regional legal enforcement program
resources will continue responding to
environmental noncompliance with consistent,
timely, and effective enforcement actions.
Regional legal resources will be used for
administrative enforcement actions, new and
ongoing civil judicial litigation, and continued
utilization of multi-media data for targeting
enforcement actions, particularly for ecosystem
and geographic protection and environmental
justice cases. Pollution prevention and innovative
pollution control technology provisions will also
be incorporated into final case settlements.
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OPERATING PROGRAMS
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous
Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic
Substances
Management
& Support
Oil Spills
BUDGET SUMMARY
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AIR
DOLLARS
+$77.1 M $606.5 M
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
2,210
WORKYEARS
440
2,250
1995
DECREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1996
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
Polluted air creates high health and
environmental risks. According to industry
estimates, more than 2.4 billion pounds of toxic
pollutants were emitted into the atmosphere in
1989. These emissions may result in a variety of
adverse health effects including cancer,
reproductive effects, birth defects, and respiratory
illness. Air pollution from mobile sources such as
automobiles accounts for over half of the
nationwide emissions of volatile organic
compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide,
and air toxics. Reducing these emissions holds
the greatest potential for cleaning our nation's
air.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$606.5 million and 2,250 workyears for the Air
Program, an increase of $77.1 million and 40
workyears over 1994. This does not reflect any
increase in workyears that may result from the
900 additional workyears that EPA received for
contractor conversion. EPA's Air programs are
responsible for implementing the Clean Air Act,
fulfilling the U.S. obligations under the Montreal
Protocol, and moving towards climate change
goals set out at the 1992 Rio Conference. The
program's largest challenge remains developing,
implementing and enforcing cost-effective
programs to reduce air pollution and protectpublic
health and the environment. In implementing
the Clean Air Act, EPA will use not only traditional
approaches for controlling air pollution but will
also strive toharness the power of the marketplace,
encourage local initiatives and emphasize
pollution prevention.
HIGHLIGHTS
Reduce Emissions of Greenhouse Gases
In the Climate Change Action Plan — the
basis for the U.S. program to meet the Rio goals
of stabilizing greenhouse gases — EPA proposed
voluntary programs to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases. EPA's voluntary programs
account for 70 percent of the reductions necessary
to meet the U.S. goals. As part of a $58.2 million
EPA-wide increase, the Air program will invest
an additional $20.7 million in 1995 to support 17
major components of the Climate Change Action
Plan. These components include: Green Lights,
Energy Star Buildings, Energy Star Computers,
"market pull" programs for residential energy
efficiency, Energy Star Transformers, seasonal
gas switching, four programs to reduce emissions
of hydrofluorocarbons (MFCs), six programs to
reduce methane emission s (e.g., Natural Gas Star
and Agstar) and "Clean Car" development. Efforts
will include: (1) expanding marketing to get
corporations and others to upgrade energy
efficiency and reduce HFC and methane emissions;
(2) supportingprogram development for voluntary
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AIR
programs to assure cost-effective decision-making;
(3) enhancing program implementation to support
program partners in achieving their commitments;
(4) expanding methane programs to profitably
capture and use methane emissions by providing
technical support, removing institutional
obstacles such as property rights issues and fair
pricing from utilities, and recruiting partners for
these voluntary programs; and (5) working with
industry to develop a Clean Car.
Protect the Stratospheric Ozone Layer
and Implement the Montreal Protocol
In 1987, the international community
signed the Montreal Protocol, an agreement to
protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing
out the production of substances which chemically
react in the atmosphere and deplete the ozone
layer. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA enforces
domestic compliance for phase-out of these
chemicals and is investigating others, such as
methyl bromide, which may also cause significant
ozone deterioration. Under the Protocol, the U.S.
and other industrial nations are also responsible
for supporting the efforts of developing nations to
phase-out these chemicals, both through
cooperative programs and programs supported
by the Protocol's Multilateral Facilitation Fund.
In 1995, the Multilateral Fund will be financed
with $24 million in EPA resources and $24 million
in State Department funds. This level of funding
will permit the U.S. to meet the second year of a
three-year commitment (1994-96) totaling $114
million, and to pay down over a two-year period
amounts not paid in previous years.
Attain National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAOS)
In 1995, EPA will issue final rules revising
the sulfur dioxide NAAQS, complete the review of
the nitrogen dioxide NAAQS, and continue work
on the expedited reviews of the ozone NAAQS and
partieulate matter (PM-10) NAAQS. The Agency
will develop national guidelines and standards
for major stationary sources where emissions
contribute to ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen
oxide (NOx) pollution. The Agency will also focus
on review and approval of expanded, more
stringent state clean air plans. To help states
revise their plans to meet the new Clean Air Act
requirements, EPA will expand work on emissions
inventories, assure quality data, and develop
tracking procedures. EPA will also help states
upgrade and expand air quality monitoring
systems, including increased grants and technical
support for expansion of enhanced ozone and
precursor networks in the worst ozone non-
attainment areas.
Establish New Clean Vehicles
and Fuel Programs
The reformulated gasoline program is
scheduled to be implemented by January 1,1995.
Through this program EPA will require the use of
cleaner gasoline in the nine worst ozone areas of
the country, plus approximately 13 opt-in areas.
Anti-dumping requirements for all gasoline that
is not reformulated and a detergent additives rule
for all gasoline will be implemented. The
reformulated gasoline program alone is expected
to reduce in-use smog-causing compounds by
approximately 160,000 tons per year beginning
in 1995. States will focus on implementation of
new and enhanced inspection/maintenance
programs, clean fuel fleets, and trip reduction
programs and other transportation control
measures.
Implement National Air Toxics Standards
In 1995 EPA will publish final Maximum
Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards
for about 30 categories of toxics-emitting sources.
The Agency will also address air toxic sources not
covered under MACT provisions, but included in
other Clean Air Act requirements. These sources
include commercial and industrial solid waste
incinerators and medical waste incinerators. In
1995 three final regulations will be published for
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
source categories proposed under court order in
1994. The Agency will publish the final revised
NSPS for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
emissions from electric utilities. EPA will also
continue to assess air toxic deposition in the
Great Waters, and will publish a national strategy
for urban air toxics.
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AIR
Establish State Operating
Permit and Fee Programs
The Clean Air Act provides for state and
local operating permit and fee programs to
enhance the effectiveness of programs for reducing
acid rain, attainingNational Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS), and controlling air toxics.
In 1995, EPA will approve or disapprove state
operating permit program, publish federal
operating permit rules, and initiate sanctions as
necessary against states that fail to meet the
deadlines. EPA will continue outreach and
training efforts to help state and local agencies
implement their permitting programs.
Establish a Market-Based Acid
Rain Allowance Trading System
The acid rain provisions of the Clean Air
Act will reduce acid rain causing emissions
through an innovative market-based emission
allowance program that will provide affected
sources with flexibility in meeting emission
reductions. In 1995, EPA will direct$12.2 million
to its Acid Rain Program. The program will
complete certifications of continuous emissions
monitoring systems for 2,000 utility units and
will review and approve state program s for issuing
Phase II acid rain permits. The Agency will also
be operating and upgrading the first stage of
what will become by 1996 an integrated acid rain
data system. EPA will track hourly emissions
data from each certified source, track allowance
allocations and transfers, and reconcile accounts
at the end of each year. The Agency will continue
to approve applications for allowances under the
conservation and renewable energy reserve, and
encourage energy efficiency as a compliance
strategy.
Continue Air Research
The Air Research Program's
primary objective is to provide research support
for criteria and standards under the Clean Air
Act. Included in this request are resources for
research to address global climate change,
stratospheric ozone depletion, air toxics, criteria
air pollutants, pollutants from motor vehicles,
and indoor air pollution.
EPA is requesting $ 116.3 million and 398
workyears for air research. This represents a
reduction of $11.4 million and 55 workyears,
includinga shift to ecosystems protection research
for acid deposition and other media research
priorities. While the resources will be redirected
into the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP), the originally
planned research will still occur and will benefit
the acid deposition program. The remainder of
the acid deposition resources will be eliminated.
In addition, a shift in resources from criteria air,
air toxics and other non-air quality research areas
will go to support increased research in the areas
of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter.
Reductions will also be made in the global climate
change and stratospheric ozone mitigation
programs.
In the global climate change research
area, activities will focus on assessment and
mitigation of activities which increase atmospheric
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
Stratospheric ozone depletion research will
investigate assessment and mitigation of synthetic
gases which diminish the earth's protective
stratospheric ozone layer. Air toxics research
continues on specific gases and aerosols known to
pose major health and significant ecological risks.
Criteria air pollutants research also continues on
certain pollutants responsible for widespread
health and ecological risks. Research on pollutants
from motor vehicles will address health risks of
current auto emissionsand evaluate reformulated
and alternative fuels. Indoor air pollution research
continues to focus on risks and mitigation
measures for indoor air pollutants.
15
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16
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WATER QUALITY
$464.4 M
DOLLARS
+$31.6 M $496.0 M
1995
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
2,170 -102
1995
DECREASE
2,068
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
Over the past two decades, EPA has
focused on improving the nation's water quality
by establishing and sustaining comprehensive
programs to control point source discharges.
EPA has made great strides in controlling point
source pollution, so that now other sources of
pollution impairing our nation's waters have
become more evident. The greatest sources of
water pollution today are non-point sources. To
meet this challenge, EPA is moving to a more
holistic approach to controlling water pollution
by managing water quality improvements on a
watershed-basis.
In 1995, the President's Budget provides
$496.0 million and 2,068 workyears for the
Water Quality program, representing an increase
of $31.6 million and a decrease of 102 workyears
from 1994. The reduction in workyears is a result
of reductions in reseearch, shifts in higher risk
areas, and a government wide reduction designed
to reduce the size and cost of the Federal
government. The increase in dollars will fund the
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI), the
Administration's Wetland Initiative, nonpoint
source activities, improved science and data
collection efforts which includes watershed
modeling. As a result of the Administrator's
review of Agency's base activities, EPA is shifting
its emphasis to the management of nonpoint
source pollutants. This does not reflect any
increase in workyears that may result from the
900 additional workyears that EPA received for
contractor conversion.
The legislative basis for the 1995 Water
Quality program is founded in the Clean Water
Act, which seeks maintenance and restoration of
the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of
the nation's waters. In 1987, the Water Quality
Act amended the Clean Water Act enhancing
water quality management and improving the
Agency's partnership with the States. The Act
required pollution penalties, the development of
guidelines and standards to control sewage
contamination, and it authorized the Section 319
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The
Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990
amended the Clean Water Act to set a specific
timetable for completion of cleanup around the
Great Lakes Basin. The Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments created important
new responsibilities in the Agency for identifying
nonpoint source control measures and requiring
state implementation.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Water Quality Program emphasizes
watershed protection as a flexible, holistic
approach that makes use of a variety of analytical
and implementation tools to protect ecosystems
and human health. We are integrating current
activities to apply the watershed approach. This
allows us to maintain environmental gains
achieved nationwide through established
comprehensive control programs for municipal
and industrial discharges while targeting high
17
-------
WATER QUALITY
priority watersheds forfiirther coordinated efforts.
In all Water Quality Program areas, EPA will
target sensitive areas and deal with special
problems.
Identifying and Solving
Water Quality Problems
EPA will develop guidance for watershed
targeting to assist State and local watershed
managers in assessing current conditions of
ecosystems and in identifying the pollutant
sources causing water quality impairment. In
concert with States, EPA will issue water quality
based permits and track compliance, especially in
priority watersheds. EPA will also provide local
governments, the agricultural community,
citizens, planners, and industry with the necessary
evaluative tools as they explore alternative
approaches to solving water quality problems
which pose the greatest risk to human health and
the environment.
Controlling Nonpoint Sources of Pollution
For 1995, the Administration is requesting
$100 million in watershed resource restoration
grants for eontrollingnonpoint sources of pollution.
This represents a $20 million increase over 1994.
This investment will be directed toward controlling
both urban/suburban and agricultural runoff
produced by wet weather conditions and restoring
watersheds impacted by nonpoint source pollution.
These nonpoint source projects, including
restoration efforts, will be a major component of
the watershed approach to improving water
quality. Our goal for this program is to continue
to ensure that waters flowing into our nation's
waterbodies, as a result of wet weather runoff,
will meet EPA standards for water quality.
Protecting Wetlands
Wetlands are vital ecosystems not only
because of their diversity of wildlife but because
they are important flood mitigation areas. The
Agency is requesting $32.5 million in wetland
funding for 1995. This represents a $5.5 million
increase over 1994. This request also reflects the
Administration's commitment to protecting our
nation's wetlands as envisioned in the President's
recent Wetlands Plan which seeks to provide a
fair, flexible and effective approach to wetlands
protection. Working with other Federal agencies,
EPA, in 1995, will make significant progress on
developing and implementing the Federal policy
framework called for in the Administration's
Wetlands Plan.
Integrating the Point Source Program
The Agency will further support the
watershed approach by emphasizing permit
streamlining, grants integration, combined sewer
overflows (CSO)/stormwater/sludge permitting,
and pretreatment, coordinating these activities
across all water protection programs. In addition,
the water programs will implement new toxic
water quality standards, emphasizing watershed
planning and permitting, in its efforts to maintain
pollution prevention and control gains already
achieved nationwide.
Wafer Qualify Research
In 1995, the Agency will allocate a total of
$25.2 million supported by 159 workyears for
water quality research. This represents a decrease
of $4.1 million and 55 workyears. This reduction
in workyears represents a reallocation of existing
research functions and workforce, as well as a
reflection of the government-wide mandate to
reduce thefederal workforce. Funding associated
with the workyear reduction totals $3.3 million.
Beginningin 1995, several research issues
under the Water Quality Program are being
consolidated into Ecosystems Protection, under
multimedia research instead of single issue
research projects. This reflects a shift rather
than a reduction in research funds. This will
provide the scientific basis for sustainable
management and protection of ecological systems
in specific watershed areas. In 1995, these regions
include the Acadian Province, Great Lakes, the
Gulf of Mexico/South Florida, Chesapeake Bay/
Anacostia River Watershed, and the Pacific
Northwest.
18
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DRINKING WATER
DOLLARS
$152.0 M .§5.9 M $146.1 M
1995
DECREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
756
WORKYEARS
+9
1995
INCREASE
765
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
In 1995, the Drinking Water program
will focus on innovative, risk-targeted approaches
to assuring safe drinking water. The President's
Budget requests $146.1 million and 765
workyears, representing a decrease of $5.9
million and an increase of 9 workyears from 1994.
The reduction in dollars represents 1994
Congressionally directed activities not requested
in 1995. The increase in workyears will focus on
initiating a Source Water Protection Program,
increasing small system viability, accelerating
enforcement actions and improving science and
data management. The increase in workyears is
a result of a base shift and does not reflect any
increase in workyears that may result from the
900 additional workyears that EPA received for
contractor conversion.
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) mandate dramatic
changes in nationwide safeguards for drinking
water and establish new Federal enforcement
responsibility in the event of State inaction. The
amendments reassert our commitment and
responsibility to provide safe drinking water to
all Americans.
HIGHLIGHTS
Strengthen Science
The Drinking Water Program will
continue to develop a stronger scientific basis for
identifying which contaminants in drinking water
need to be regulated and at what level. The
Agency will emphasize occurrence studies to
determine which contaminants pose significant
health risks. We will continue developing a new
data system to provide timely, accurate data on
drinking water quality, compliance and system
needs.
Small System Viability
Small system compliance continues to be
a major focus for the Drinking Water Program.
The Drinking Water Program will provide
technical assistance and trainingfor small systems
and will support establishment of alternative
means of compliance, including best available
technology and pollution prevention.
Strong Enforcement
Noncompliance is expected to increase
with the recently promulgated regulations,
particularly the Surface Water Treatment and
Lead and Copper rules. The Drinking Water
Program is committed to a strong and expanded
enforcement presence to ensure that water
supplies meet SDWA requirements, including
emergency enforcement actions where
appropriate.
19
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DRINKING WATER
Initiate Source Water Protection
1995 marks the beginning of the Source
Water Protection Program as a tool for States and
localities to protect drinking water supplies on a
watershed basis. The goal of preventing
contamination of drinking water sources will ease
the burdens of treatment requirements by the
water systems and at the tap.
Drinking Water Research
The Agency requests a total of $18.8
million and 151 workyears in 1995 for drinking
water research, a decrease of $0.7 million and 7
workyears from 1994. The reduction in workyears
represents a reallocation of existing research
functions and workforce as well as a reflection of
the government-wide mandate to reduce the
federal workforce.
EPA will initiate a long-term research
program to provide the scientific data currently
lacking in order to identify and regulate drinking
water contaminants to assure the safety of public
water supplies in cost effective ways. Groundwater
research will continue in the areas of water
wellhead protection and underground waste
injection controls.
20
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
$291.0 M
DOLLARS
+$30.2 M $321.2 M
t
1995
INCREASE
1994
CUHHENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
1.534 -55
1995
DECREASE
1.479
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Hazardous Waste program was
established to address the prevention,
management, and disposal of industrial and
municipal wastes generated nationwide.
Hazardous wastes are produced by over 180,000
large business and industries, such as chemical
and manufacturing plants, and some small
business, such as dry cleaners and printingplants.
Approximately 196 million tons, 4 pounds per
person per day, of municipal solid wastes are
produced annually. These wastes can pose short
and long term health and environmental hazards
unless properly managed and disposed.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by the Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984,
provides the legislative mandate for a nationwide
program to protect human health and the
environment from the risk of improper
management of hazardous and solid wastes. The
goals of this Act are to ensure protective
management ofhazardous waste from generation
to disposal; ensure adequate and safe
management and disposal capacity for solid
wastes; and prevent and detect leakage from
underground storage tanks, Subtitle I of HSWA.
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-
To-Know Act, Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986,
establishes aframework to address the emergency
management of hazardous chemicals present in
communities.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$321.2 million and 1,479 workyears for the
Hazardous Waste program, an increase of $30.2
million and a decrease of 55 workyears from 1994.
The increase in resources represents funding for
Administration priorities and a shift of resources
due to the reorganization of the Office of
Enforcement. The decrease in workyears is part
of the Administration's government wide initiative
to reduce its workforce and streamline operations.
Program descriptions do not reflect any increase
in workyears that may result from the 900
additional workyears that EPA received for
contractor conversion.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Hazardous Waste program continues
to focus on areas presenting the highest risk to
human health and the environment, integrating
pollution prevention, and strengthening state
hazardous and solid waste environmental
programs. Several major initiatives in the 1995
budget include revising existing RCRA
regulations, advancing the Waste Minimization
and Combustion Strategy, and emphasizing
corrective action stabilizations.
21
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Adding Incentives for Pollution Prevention
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$66.3 million and 266 workyears, an increase of
$10.7 million and a decrease of 13 workyears from
1994 levels, to support its national hazardousand
solid waste regulatory program. Additional
resources are being directed to continue joint
efforts begun with industry, environmental groups
and the states to enhance efficiency of and
incorporate risk into RCRA regulations. Strong
incentives for pollution prevention are included
in the Agency's efforts to improve existing
regulations.
Reform efforts include the promulgation
and the implementation of the Hazardous Waste
Identification rule that will allow certain low-risk
wastes to be excluded from RCRA regulations. A
principle outcome of EPA's public dialogue on the
definition of solid waste is a new framework for
easing regulatory requirements on recycling
operations and promoting efforts to reduce toxic
materials. In addition, a significant investment
is made in 1995 to advance the Agency's Waste
Minimization and Combustion Strategy to assure
real change for the safest possible disposal of
hazardous waste. The Agency will improve
technical controls governing hazardous waste
combustion facilities, using the best available
technologies and the most current science. Other
key policies of this strategy include waste
minimization, expanded public participation in
permitting, and augmented combustion facility
risk assessments.
Other significant regulatory efforts
include the Phase III and IV Land Disposal
Restrictions Rule and a proposed rule on the
managementof military munitions and ordnances
as required by the Federal Facilities Compliance
Act of 1992. These rules will address risks to
human health and the environment and provide
acceptable alternatives for hazardous waste
management. The Agency will also support the
Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP) and the
President's Environ mental Technology Initiative
(ETI) in conjunction with other federal agencies
and the private sector. The ETI will emphasize
new technologies that reduce the cost and improve
the effectiveness of environmental cleanup.
Focusing Enforcement
Activities on Higher Risks
The 1995 President's Budget for
Hazardous Waste enforcement is $58.5 million
and 508 workyears, an increase of $7.9 million
and a decrease of 5 workyears from 1994. In
supportofthe Agency's waste combustion strategy,
attention is focused on the compliance status of
combustion facilities. In conjunction with the
States, the Agency will continue to enhance
inspection and enforcement at hazardous waste
incinerators and boilers and industrial furnaces
burning hazardous wastes. Other compliance
monitoring and enforcement actions will continue
against those handlers and non-notifiers
presenting the greatest threat to human health
and the environment. Pollution prevention
provisions will be integrated into enforcement
settlements and agreements.
Technical assistance and training to
Indian Tribes and US and Mexican agencies along
the Mexican Border are being increased.
Resources will be provided to Indian Tribes to
assist in building their own capability to enforce
solid waste regulations. Enforcement activities
along the Mexican Border are also being
emphasized to address recent new international
agreements such as the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Basel
agreement. This will include additional training,
technology transfer and information sharing with
other US Agency and Mexican officials.
The Agency will also continue to support
the States' corrective action programs. A shift of
resources from long-term corrective actions to
immediate stabilization addresses highest risks
first. For example, containment of drums rather
than their removal provides an efficient, safe, and
immediate remedy. Resources are also provided
to assist states in assuming implementation of
the corrective action program.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$41.6 million and 407 workyears for hazardous
waste permitting, source reduction, and state
22
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
capacity building activities in the regions. This is
an increase of $6.5 million and 4 workyears from
1994. Permitting activities will continue to focus
on high risk facilities as the most effective means
to protect human health and the environment.
Increased funding is targeted for the
implementation of the Waste Minimization and
Combustion strategy. The Agency will also
continue efforts to enhance the risk assessment
and permitting process for boilers and industrial
furnaces and hazardous waste incinerators in
interim status. Waste minimization will be
emphasized in all permittingactivities and regions
will place increased attention on early and
significant public involvement in permits,
especially combustion-related facilities.
Other primary goals include
implementing strategies to enhance efficiency
and incorporating pollution prevention goals into
RCRA regulations and standards. The
development and implementation of this new
framework, including incentives to recycle
hazardous waste involves outreach to industry as
well as training for Regional staff. Increased
resources are also provided to implement the
Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP). The Agency's
commitment to non-hazardous waste
management activities continues as Regions work
to implement the revised municipal waste
management criteria. The Agency will increase
its emphasis on promoting source reduction while
maintaining efforts to develop viable recycling,
providing technical assistance and outreach to
businesses, and expandingmarkets for secondary
materials.
Strengthening Partnerships with
States and Communities
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$10.1 million and 59 workyears for the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know
program, Title III, an increase of $850 thousand
and 2 workyears from 1994. Additional workyears
are provided for reviewing state accident
prevention programs, which are required under
section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act. The Agency
will assist states in draftinglegislation, developing
regulations, and building the state program
infrastructure. If states are unable to implement
the section 112 (r) programs, then the Agency is
legally obligated to implement the mandates of
the program.
In 1995, the Agency will continue to
work with states and local communities that
require special assistance in carrying out their
Title III emergency plans. The Agency is focusing
on assisting the State and Local Emergency
Planning Committees (SEPCs/LEPCs) to address
problems with Title III implementation. To
improve SEPC and LEPC infrastructure, the
Agency will conduct outreach training, create
demonstration projects, create new or improve
existing databases to effectively use facility
reporting information, and provide technical
assistance to help states understand opportunities
and challenges associated with the Clean Air Act.
Expanding UST Partnerships
with States and Tribes
The 1995 President's Budget provides a
total of $6.9 million and 60 workyears for the
Underground Storage Tank (UST) regulations,
guidelines and policies program, an increase of
$0.9 million and a decrease of 2 workyears from
1994. This decrease in workyears is due to the
UST program's successful completion of most of
its statutory mandates, while the increase in
funds, will help to build partnerships with States
and Tribes throughout the implementation stage
of the program. In 1995, the UST program will
focus on training States and Tribes on effective
site assessment and site inspection techniques,
and the ability to follow-up on site inspections
with formal enforcement. The Agency will
continue to work in partnership with States and
Tribes to ensure that State/Tribal UST regulations
are at least as stringent as Federal Law. Other
priorities include approving state applications so
that States and Tribes can implementnotification,
installation and closure activities.
Increasing State Grant Funding
A total of $108.7 million in grant funds is
provided to support and sustain state hazardous
waste and UST programs. The increase of $6.8
million is targeted for state implementation of
23
-------
HAZARDOUS
the waste minimization and combustion strategy
and corrective action programs. The Agency, in
partnership with the states, will increase support
for permitting and compliance monitoring of the
nation's hazardous waste combustion facilities.
Increased corrective action resources will focus
on stabilizing high-risk facilities. In other RCRA
activities, States will continue ongoing efforts to
permit new facilities, modify current operating
permits, and increase community outreach to
disadvantaged urban areas.
UST grants are also provided to state and
territorial programs for core program activities.
These activities include enforcement of leak
detection and financial responsibility
requirements, management of notification data,
oversight of tank installations, closures and
corrective actions. In addition, states that have
not yet applied for state program approval will
use these funds to develop authorities and
enforcement capabilities that are equal to, or
more stringent than the federal regulations.
Accentuating Watershed Research
EPA is requesting a total of $28.6 million
and 171 workyearsfor Hazardous Waste Research.
This is a reduction of $3.4 million and 31 workyears
from 1994. In 1995, hazardous waste research
continues on site monitoring, waste minimization
methods and pollution prevention. Ecosystem
Protection will be scaled from a National focus to
include effects of hazardous waste on specific
representative watershed areas. Ecological Risk
Assessment Methods Research continues on
assessing exposure, and methods to predict risks
due to exposure. Ground water research continues
on detection and treatment of contaminants from
disposal sites, in soil and fractured rock. Surface
Cleanup Research will support waste site
characterization and RCRA corrective actions.
Bioremediation research continues on use of
microorganisms in the cleanup of hazardous
wastes. Emphasis is on development of targeted
bioremediation response methodologies which are
nontoxic and nonhazardous.
24
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PESTICIDES
DOLLARS
M -S14.1 M
S 103.5 M
1988
DECREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1896
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
1,032
WORKYEARS
-29
1995
DECREASE
1.003
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
19945
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The use of pesticides in the United States
contributes to increased agricultural production
and improves public health through the control of
disease-carrying pests. However, acute and
chronic human health and environmental risks
can also be associated with the use of many of
these chemicals. EPA is responsible for
safeguardingthe nation's health and environment
from risks posed by pesticides.
EPA's authority to regulate pesticides is
set forth in two statutes. First, the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) requires EPA to license (or "register") all
pesticide products. The 1988 amendments to
FIFRA substantially strengthened the Agency's
pesticide regulatory authority. The second statute,
sections 408 and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requires EPA to
regulate the level of pesticide residues in raw and
processed agricultural commodities.
In 1995, EPA is requesting a total of
$103.5 million and 1,003 workyears for the
Pesticides program. This reflects a decrease of
$ 14.1 million and 29 workyears. The net decrease
reflects a transfer of $15.4 million in pesticide
enforcementgrants, and an increase off 1.3 million
in support of the pesticide program. This does not
reflect any increase in workyears that may result
from the 900 additional workyears that EPA
received for contractor conversion. Within the
program, resources are being shifted to focus on:
(1) reducing the use of pesticides; (2) minimizing
risk by promoting safer uses of chemicals; (3)
maintaining an accelerated reregistration
program; and (4) implementing an antimicrobial
strategy and improving procedures used to
document product effectiveness.
HIGHLIGHTS
Reduced Use of Pesticides
EPA's 1995 request supports a
comprehensive Pesticides program to reduce risks
to human health and the environment from
pesticides use. Under the mandates of FIFRA
and FFDCA, EPA will promote the use of safer
pesticides and encourage reduced use of large
volumes of synthetic organic chemicals. In
implementing this strategy, the Pesticides
program will continue to emphasize risk
management, pollution prevention, and
regulatory and voluntary approaches.
In 1995, resources will be directed towards
encouraging a dramatic reduction in pesticide
use. EPA is confident that the reduction of
pesticides use and risks can be achieved without
a decrease in the quality of farm produce or the
output of the nation's farms. Resources will be
directed to such activities as a pilot field program
with States to demonstrate the feasibility of
reduced pesticide use, an expanded Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) program, regulatory
decisions to reduce use, and the integration of
25
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PESTICIDES
major pesticides information systems. As part of
this effort, EPA will issue a Federal Register
Notice inviting ideas and comments for a future
"Strategy for Reduced Use".
For reregistration of pesticide products,
increasing appropriated funds will be
supplemented by fee revenues in 1995. These
total resources will enable EPA to issue 40
Pesticide Reregistration Eligibility Decisions in
1995. These decisions will contribute to the
safety of the nation's food supply by ensuring that
pesticides used on food and/or feed have passed
rigorous scientific review and analysis.
Food Safety/Safer Pesticides
Additional resources will be directed
toward reducing health and ecological risks by
encouraging the use of safer pesticides. There are
two major components to this initiative.
The first is a follow-up to the findings and
recommendations of the National Academy of
Science's "Kids Study". In particular, EPA will
work on the development of major testing
guidelines for manufacturers. The Agency will
also reassess allowable tolerance levels of
chemicals on foods in light of new information on
the dietary habits of children. Finally, EPA will
assess the need for new regulations on health
risks to the general population and specific subsets
of that population from pesticides.
The second component focuses on the
reregistration of new pesticides that pose less
risk than the toxic and persistent chemicals they
will replace. A panel will evaluate and prioritize
registration applications for less risky pesticides.
A special emphasis will be placed on streamlining
the review of biological pesticides - including
microbial pesticides, biochemical pesticides and
transgenic pesticides - which are considered safer
substitutes to synthetic chemical alternatives.
The pesticide industry contributes,
appropriately, to the effort to ensure that
pesticides do not pose an unreasonable risk to
human health or the environment. The Agency
continues to recalculate the full cost to the Federal
government of the reregistration program, which
reexamines existing pesticides in light of recent
knowledge and according to modern scientific
standards. As part of the Administration's food
safety legislative proposal, EPA will propose to
expand the collection of reregistration fees. In
addition, EPA will propose the collection of fees to
help recover a portion of the costs of registering
pesticide products.
Accelerated Reregistration
Savings from increased efficiencies in the
Pesticides Reregistration program will be
redirected to the acceleration of reregistration
decisions, as well as activities to encourage the
use of safer pesticides. Reregistration is supported
by fees from the affected industry. The process
ensures that existing pesticides do not pose an
unreasonable risk to human health or the
environment. Approximately 204 workyears will
be supported by maintenance fee revenues which
are not included in the appropriation request.
These maintenance fees are derived from
industry's registration of pesticide chemicals and
are paid into the Registration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. This program collects
$14 million annually, the full statutory ceiling.
EPA expects to complete 40 Reregistration
Eligibility Decisions in 1995. These decisions will
contribute to the safety of the nation's food supply
by ensuring that pesticides used on food and/or
feed have passed rigorous scientific review and
analysis.
Pesticides Research
Pesticides research continues to focus on
reducing risks to human health and the
environment from pesticides. EPA is requesting
a total of $15.6 million and 85 workyears in 1995
for pesticides research. This is an increase of $ 1.3
million and a decrease of 4 workyears from 1994.
EPA will complete abiotechnology demonstration
on degrading trichlorethylene in groundwater.
Research will continue on the potential risks
posed by environmental releases of biotechnology
productsandunderstandinghow micro-organisms
move through the environment. Methods of
measuring pesticide exposures to children will
also be conducted.
26
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RADIATION
DOLLARS
+$14.3 M
$32.6 M
$46.9 M
1995
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
326
WORKYEARS
-13
1995
DECREASE
313
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
Radioactive materials are used or stored
at thousands of federal facilities, over 100 nuclear
reactors, and many thousands of other locations.
EPA guidance and standards for the cleanup and
management of radioactive materials will ensure
that the federal government does not spendbillions
of dollars in unnecessary cleanup costs. EPA
programs will also address risks from human
exposure to radon, a radioactive gas that occurs
naturally through out the country, and the second
leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. (after
smoking).
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$46.9 million and 313 workyears for radiation
programs, an increase of $14.3 million, and a
decrease of 13 workyears from 1994. This does
not reflect any increase in workyears that may
result from 900 additional workyears that EPA
received for contractor conversion. The Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air (QRIA) is responsible
for protecting human health and the environment
from exposure to radiation pollutants and radon.
ORIA develops protection criteria, provides
technical assistance to states and other agencies,
directs environmental monitoring programs,
responds to radiological emergencies, and
evaluates the overall risk and impact of radiation
on human health. The Office of Research and
Development (ORD), under a reimbursable
agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE),
is responsible for a radiation safety monitoring
program at DOE's Nevada Nuclear Test site.
HIGHLIGHTS
Continue Innovative,
Non-Regulatory Radon Program
The 1995 budget includes $23.0 million
and 86 workyears for the Agency's radon program.
The greatest exposure to radon comes when the
gas moves up through the soil and becomes trapped
inside homes and other buildings at dangerously
high levels of concentration .The radon program
will continue to implement the activities
authorized by the Indoor Radon Abatement Act
including; the State Indoor Radon Grant Program,
the National Radon Proficiency Programs, the
Regional Radon Training Centers, work in schools,
promotion of model radon-resistant construction
standards and techniques, and technical
assistance to states and localities. The radon
program will continue targeting high radon
potential areas and will focus on achievingresults
by tracking and setting goals for environmental
indicators including the percentage of homes and
schools tested and mitigated, and homes built
using radon-resistant features. As part of the
Agency'sfocus on environmental justice, the radon
program will increase its work with organizations
that specialize in reaching minority and low-
income populations.
Included in the $23.0 million radon
program is $8.2 million in grants which states
will continue to receive to develop and implement
radon assessment, control, and mitigation
27
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RADIATION
programs. Distribution of these grants will be
based on risk targeting and include consideration
of each state's adoption of radon model
construction standards and use of previously
awarded grants.
Oversee DOE Waste Disposal at
Waste Isolation Pilot Project
In 1995 EPA is requesting $6.9 million
and 26.5 workyears to complete a variety of tasks
associated with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
(WIPP), a disposal site in New Mexico for
radioactive wastes. Under responsibilities
established by the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act in
1992, EPA will evaluate quality assurance and
quality control procedures of DOE, which operates
the WIPP. EPA will also review DOE's draft
performance assessment of WIPP and begin
preparing to determine compliance with recently
promulgated EPA standards for high-level and
transuranic waste disposal. DOE funded this
program in 1993 and 1994 with the understanding
that EPA would fund the program in 1995 and
beyond.
Implement Existing Standards
The Agency will fund the establishment
of radioactive waste cleanup and waste
management at $5.0 million in 1995. As with
WIPP, this activity was primarily funded by DOE
for the past two years with the understanding
that EPA would fund the activity in 1995 and
beyond. The Agency will evaluate comments
received on proposed cleanup standards and
prepare a draft final rule for workgroup
consideration. EPA will continue work on
radioactive waste management regulations,
including the proposal of low-level waste disposal
standards.
EPA will continue to promote the transfer
of implementation responsibilities for the
radionuclide National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) to the
states. The Agency will emphasize enhancements
to its radiological emergency preparedness
capabilities to ensure a state of readiness for
nuclear accidents, including participation in field
exercises, providing training to the states, and
replacing obsolete equipment in its two radiation
laboratories in Montgomery, Alabama and Las
Vegas, Nevada.
Contiytifffjfef eqrch Programs
To support the DOE offsite radiation
monitoring program EPA is providing 59
workyears, a reduction of 1 workyear from 1994.
These scientific support staffprovide information
for policy makers on the control of exposure of the
public to radioactive materials resulting from
testing and manufacture of nuclear materials.
These activities are associated with the DOE
Nevada Test Site and include operation of
monitoring networks and lab analysis to monitor
releases and migration of radioactive materials.
28
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MULTIMEDIA
DOLLARS
+I97.8M $459.4 M
$861.6 M
1995
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1.384
WORKYEARS
t-135
±
1.519
1995
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
EPA's response to environmental
problems today necessitates a comprehensive
cross-media approach. Environmental problems
are complex by nature and require a broad base of
scientific knowledge to understand them and
assess effective solutions. EPA's multimedia
enforcement approach targets action, makes full
use of all available statutory authorities, and
speaks with a clear and consistent voice. This
philosophy is reflected in the agency's proposed
enforcement reorganization.
The Multimedia Program activities
promote an integrated approach to environmental
protection and provide cross-media support to
Agency media programs. Research and
development is the largest component of
Multimedia and includes EMAP, exploratory
grants and centers, and innovative technologies.
Other major Multimedia activities include:
coordination of pollution prevention assistance
grants; a reorganized enforcement and compliance
assurance effort providing legal support for
enforcement actions, civil and criminal
investigations, and compliance and enforcement
relating to Federal facilities.
In 1995, EPA requests a total of $459.4
million and 1,519 workyears for Multimedia
programs. This represents an increase of $97,8
million and 135 workyears from 1994. This does
not reflect any increase in workyears that may
result from the 900 additional workyears that
EPA received for contractor conversion.
HIGHLIGHTS
Expand Pollution Preggaltga
The concept of preventing pollution is a
very important approach advocated by EPA to
protect human health and the environment. Since
the enactment of the Pollution Prevention Act of
1990, EPA has emphasized the development of
multimedia pollution prevention strategies and
uses to prevent or reduce pollution at the source
whenever possible. In 1995, EPA is requesting a
total of $17.0 million for multi-media pollution
prevention activities. This level represents an
increase of $4.3 million from 1993.
The major increase of $6.0 million,
requested in 1995, is for a new Pollution
Prevention/Environmental Justice initiative. This
initiative will focus on problems from
disproportionate impacts that low income
communities face from environmental pollution.
This program will target resources for the
development of prevention tools in minority and
low income communities.
State grants will be decreased slightly in
1995, EPA will continue to provide $6.0 million in
state pollution prevention and technical assistance
program grants. These funds will support states
to foster integrated pollution prevention
approaches in state regulatory programs and
adopt non-regulatory pollution prevention
approaches to control hazardous chemicals. They
29
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MULTIMEDIA
will also continue to disseminate technical
information on new and innovative methods for
remedial technologies and will assist States in
developing the capabilities to manage an effective
response program.
Emphasize Stronger
Environmental Enforcement
The Agency's enforcement programs
continue to move towards a multimedia
enforcement approach. Multimedia enforcement
includes multimedia inspections, enforcement and
compliance activities with the Agency's legal,
civil, and criminal enforcement resources. An
emphasis is placed on federal facility support and
base closure restoration, fully funding of the
criminal investigators in the Pollution Prosecution
Act (PPA) staffing levels, environmental justice,
and implementing the Office of Enforcement
reorganization.
The 1995 request for the Office of
Enforcement is $137.6 million and 1,012
workyears, which is an increase of $30.1 million
and a decrease of 14 workyears from 1994. The
1995 budget provides for a redirection of efforts to
the Pollution Prosecution Act (PPA) program and
an Agency investment in both the PPA program
and the Mexican Border program. This investment
will allow EPA to continue to fulfill the criminal
investigator requirements of the Pollution
Prosecution Act and pursue civil and criminal
cases against corporations and individuals who
violate environmental laws. Additional
investment in the Mexican Border program will
be targeted with an emphasis on pollution
prevention, environmental justice, and
multimedia efforts to protect geographically
vulnerable.
Core program investments support
strategic use of enforcement tools such as the
Integrated Data for Enforcement Analysis (IDEA)
system to target endangered ecosystems, highly
toxic pollutants, and industries with particularly
poor compliance records which pose the greatest
risk. Additionally, the Agency will be investing
more resources in contracts management,
environmental impact statements, and in analytic
support for ongoing criminal investigations.
EPA Supports President's
Commitment of Environmental
Compliance by Federal Agencies
The Agency's Federal Facilities Program
will ensure Federal agencies comply with
environmental requirements at their facilities
and facilitate additional negotiated Federal
Facility Compliance Agreements. These funds
will continue to enhance the environmental
compliance at Federal facilities. The Agency will
implement Executive Order 12856, "Federal
Compliance with Right-to-Know Laws and
Pollution Prevention Requirements, to require
federal facilities to report information abouttheir
releases of toxic chemicals and pollutants to EPA
and the States. EPA also intends to promote
greater multimedia approaches for environ mental
compliance at Federal facilities.
Increases in Environmental
Multimedia
The Multimedia Research Program
consists of activities which cross program and
media research boundaries. The Agency requests
a total of $272.0 million and 457 total workyears
in 1995, representing a total increase of $60.5
million and 145 workyears. Increased funding in
this area reflects the Agency's consistent shift
toward greater cross-media research as a more
effective method of scientific inquiry into
environmental problems. Fundingin this program
includes expanded investments in the President's
Environmental Technology Initiative, additional
funding for the new Ecosystems Protection
initiative in the areas of en vironmental monitoring
andecological risk, the Human Health Assessment
Survey, and interagency research programs of
the National Science and Technology Council
(formerly FCCSET) such as advanced
manufacturing and high performance computing.
Additionally, in 1995, the Agency seeks to
invest in its scientific infrastructure in two critical
areas. The first involves the purchase of a
"massively parallel" computer to enable EPA to
address the increased computational
requirements of complex environmental issues in
a reliable and timely manner. The second critical
30
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MULTIMEDIA
investment is to establish a high speed electronic
data connection between EPA computer centers
located in Michigan and North Carolina.
§MffffQrtinjl President's Technology Initiative
EPA shares the President's commitment
to forging a link between economic development
and the environment and the belief that the
nation's goals in environmental protection can be
advanced through the use of innovative
technology. Under its Environmental Technology
Initiative, EPA will accelerate and facilitate
private sector development and use of innovative
environmental technologies through cooperation
and collaboration with the private sector and
other Federal agencies. EPA will significantly
increase its support of the National Science and
Technology Council to reduce barriers to
commercialization and promote the use of
environmentally sound manufacturing processes.
Emphasize Ecosystems Projection
Beginning in 1995, EPA will formally
reclassify some existing research functions under
the new title of Ecosystems Protection. Funding
levels associated with these research activities
will remain constant or increase, with the majority
staying within the same research area. The
significance of this change lies in the Agency's
approach to how it conducts research. Instead of
single issue research projects, the Agency will
integrate it research efforts to address multi-
media and multi-pollutant projects. Selected
watershed systems across the U.S. will perform
research across multiple issue areas such as
wetlands, contaminated sediments and nonpoint
sources. This holistic approach will allow us to
more effectively monitor ecological processes,
impacts and predict related environmental risk.
Focus on Human Health Research
The US/Mexico Border project will focus
on environmental and exposure monitoring to
identify and evaluate exposures with a special
focus on populations that have the greatest
potential health risk. The Agency will also begin
research on the effects of pesticides on children.
Strengthen Regional Expertise
Regional media programs require
technical expertise for primary field
investigations, compliance monitoring, sample
collection and transport, laboratory analyses,
quality assurance and quality control oversight.
In addition, Regional media programs depend on
the Geographical Information Systems, the
Drinking Water Laboratory Certification
Program, and increasingly more sophisticated
data generation and analysis support. Therefore,
the 1995 Budget includes an increase of $1.3
million for analytical and laboratory support
services that will enhance and strengthen
Regional expertise. In addition, the Regions will
receive an increase of $1.6 million to fund
multimedia initiatives identified as being of high
risk to human health and/or ecosystems.
31
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Page Intentionally Blank
32
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Toxic SUBSTANCES
DOLLARS
1995
DECREASE
$129.5 M
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WOREYEARS
794 -22
772
1995
DECREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
Today the United States chemical
industry manufactures or imports more than
50,000 commercial chemicals. Each year
approximately 2,500 new chemicals are developed
and added to this list of existing chemicals. EPA
is responsible for protecting the public and the
environment from the risks associated with the
manufacture, use, and disposal of all commercial
toxic chemicals.
The Toxic Substances program is governed
by six major statutes which emphasize pollution
prevention and the risks associated with toxic
chemicals. The first statute enacted into law, the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requires
the Agency to protect human health and the
environment from risks associated with the
manufacture, processing, distribution, use, and
disposal of chemicals. More recently, the
Residential Lead-based Paint Hazard Reduction
Act of 1992 (commonly known as Title X) requires
that a national approach be developed to deal
with lead-based paint in the nation's housing
supply.
In 1995, the President requests $129.5
million and 772 workyears for the Toxic
Substances program, a decrease of $4.5 million
and 22 workyears from 1994. This does not reflect
any increase in workyears that may result from
the 900 additional workyears that EPA received
for contractor conversion. The decrease in funding
i s due to shifts in research priorities. The reduction
in workyears is a result of a government-wide
reduction designed to reduce the size and cost of
the federal government, as well as a shift of
resources to higher Agency priorities. The
Agency'srecentreviewofbaseactivities identified
programs which could provide benefits from
increased resources, and identified programs
which could be reduced to provide those resources.
As a result, resources from the New Chemicals,
Existing Chemicals, Chemical Testing and
Asbestos in Buildings programs were redirected
to the Lead and Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know programs.
HIGHLIGHTS
Lead Assistance Enhanced
EPA's activities under Title X are highly
visible investments that directly address critical
lead exposure problems. The risks posed by lead-
based paint are particularly high for children and
inner-city residents. In 1995, additional resources
will support the enhancement of State lead
programs, environmental justice activities, and
exposure assessments. States will use increased
grant funds to train and certify State, local and
private sector employees, increase public
education and technical assistance activities, and
develop and disseminate technical guidance to
renovators and remodelers.
33
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Toxic SUBSTANCES
Toxic Release Inventory
lafgrmsntion JRawyMferf
EPA's strategy for the Pollution
Prevention and Toxic Substances programs
emphasizes the central role of information to
inform the public of chemical risks. Additional
investments in expanding the public's right-to-
know will be used in three program areas: the
Chemical Use Inventory; consumer information
dissemination; and public dissemination of
chemical hazard information. Resources will be
directed to implementinga recent Executive Order
(E.G. 12856) that requires federal facilities to file
annual reports under the Toxics Release
Inventory, alter their procurement practices so as
to purchase safer products, and develop goals to
reduce the release and transfer of 17 highly toxic
chemicals. In support of this goal, EPA will
provide technical assistance to other federal
agencies.
Environmental Factors
Considered in Decisions
EPA's Design for the Environment(DfE) program
builds on the current trend in industry to integrate
environmental factors into design decisions on
products, processes and material usage. EPA's
role is to provide manufacturers with key
information concerning the environmental
consequences of chemical, material and technology
choices as they make design decisions. In 1995,
additional resources will be used to expand the
program to include integration of DfE concepts
into Regional and State programs. In addition,
the Agency will expand the universe of DfE projects
to include the textile, electronics, and metal plating
and coating industrial sectors. EPA will support
the President's Environmental Technology
Initiative by integrating DfE concepts into
Regional and State programs and by fostering
consideration of environmental factors by the
private industry.
Enforcement Strengthened
EPA will continue strong compliance
monitoring, oversee the laboratory data integrity
program, and participate in laboratory inspections
and data audits. Thirty-five States and one
Indian tribe will participate in the Toxic
Substances Enforcement grant program to
emphasize compliance monitoring of chemical
control rules, particularly for polychlorinated
biphenyls and asbestos. In 1995, States will
begin to implement the lead enforcement program
under Title X. States will continue developing
legislation to enhance TSCA enforcement within
and across media. In addition, inspector training
in cross-media issues will be augmented.
Topics Substances Research Focuses on Risks
The Toxic Substances research program
will focus on risks to human health and the
environment from commercial toxic chemicals.
EPAisrequesting$23.0million and 124 workyears
in 1995, a decrease of $2.2 million and 22
workyears from 1994. This change reflects reduced
research in lead and other heavy metals, a shift
from Air Toxics to Air research, and a shift of
workyears to higher priority research activities.
Research will assess toxic effects on aquatic life,
toxic outputs of bioremediation, study air toxics,
and sample and conduct exposure assessment on
indoor air pollution. Ecosystems protection
research will focus on toxic substances in
watersheds. Research on new chemicals will
focus on some new areas, specifically the foundry
and casting industry. Air toxics research will
focus on monitoring petrochemicals from large
and small businesses. Finally, lead research will
focus on abating lead contamination from paints,
house dust, and contaminated soils.
34
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
DOLLARS
+$132.3 M $689.6 M
$557.3 M
1995
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
3.138 +39
1995
INCREASE
3,177
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
As our understanding of the complexities
of environmental problems improves, there is a
growing demand for sophisticated technology,
analytical expertise, and comprehensive
management and support services. In addition,
compliance with numerous administrative
statutes, legislative directives, and executive
orders impact the Agency's management
operations. The Management and Support
program ensures that executive direction, policy
oversight, and a broad spectrum of administrative
support services are provided to all Agency
programs and facilities. These activities are
carried out through the work of the Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation; the Office of
International Activities; the Office of
Administration and Resources Management; the
Office of the General Counsel; and the Office of
the Administrator.
Primary activities include planning and
budgeting, program evaluation, financial
management, economic analysis, audit follow-
up, legal counsel, intergovernmental and
international relations, personnel services,
information resources management, and property
maintenance and security. Key statutes and
guidelines in 1995 include the National
Performance Review Recommendations, the
Government Performance and Results Act, the
Chief Financial Officers Act, and the Federal
Managers Financial Integrity Act.
The 1995 budget provides $689.6 million
and 3,177 workyears for the Management and
Support/Buildings & Facilities program,
representing an increase of $132.3 million and 39
workyears over 1994. This does not reflect any
increase in workyears that may result from the
900 additional workyears that EPA received for
contractor conversion. The 1995 Management
and Support budget reflects the Agency's
commitments to streamline administrative
processes, to strengthen the role of state/local and
tribal governments, to promote public
participation, to improve the quality of
environmental information and data, and to
ensure that the Agency's facilities are safe,
healthy, and sufficiently equipped.
HIGHLIGHTS
Streamlining and Re-engineering
is Top Priority for Agency
The 1995 budget provides $122.4 million
and 1,682 workyears for the Headquarters and
Regional components of the Office of
Administration and Resources Management
(OARM), an increase of $8.1 million and 11
workyears over 1994.
35
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
In 1995, OARM will focus on streamlining
and re-engineering fundamental services such as
human resources management, financial
resources management, contract and grant
management, and information resources
management. These efforts will allow OARM to
hold steady or reduce the level of workforce in
virtually every program. In addition, workyears
have been invested into critical areas like contracts
and grants management and environmental
justice.
One example of OARM's commitment to
embrace innovative approaches is to launch a
Working Capital Fund (WCF). The WCF is
designed to finance basic Agency-wide services in
a more efficient fashion. Included in the 1995
budget is $0.5 million and 4 workyears to develop
and implement a pilot Working Capital Fund.
Another example of OARM's commitment to
changing the way the Agency operates is the
investment made in environmental justice. To
this end, OARM is establishing a environmental
justice clearinghouse and promoting self-help
environmental programs to minority and low-
income communities. An increase of $1.7 million
and 7 workyears has been included in the 1995
budgetfor these efforts. The majority of workyears
will be distributed to the Regions to address
regional environmental justice issues.
Investments in Quality Science
and Public Partnerships will
Advance Environmental Agenda
The budget contains $60.2 million and
481 workyears for the Headquarters and Regional
offices that comprise the Office of the
Administrator (OA). This reflects an increase of
$13.8 million in dollars and a decrease of 3
workyears over 1994.
To help establish new directions for
environmental protection policies, OA is
emphasizing quality science and public
partnerships. The most significant investment
($8.6 million) supports the Government
Performance and Results Act by ensuring that
national environmental goals and performance
measurements are established. In addition, this
effort will further the acquisition, integration,
and dissemination of environmental information.
These efforts will allow the Agency, its partners,
and its customers to link program initiatives and
budget and policy decisions with objective
measuresof environmental results at the national,
regional, geographic, state and local levels.
Another initiative promoting quality
science and partnerships is the Vice-President's
Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the
Environment (GLOBE) Program which the
Agency is co-sponsoring with NASA, and the
Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration. The GLOBE
Program is designed to forge a partnership
between scientists and educators whereby earth
observations are collected by school children
throughout the world and transmitted via surface
and satellite networks to a central location. The
data will then be processed and made available to
host countries and scientists for analytical and
monitoring purposes. Additional workyears will
be invested in the Regions to strengthen
environmental education efforts. Finally, the
President's Council on Sustainable Development
is being supported by the Agency.
Integrating Environmental Protection with
Economic Growth will Strengthen Agency's
Position at Home and Abroad
In 1995, the Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation (OPPE) requests a funding level
of $80.1 million and 374 workyears, a $27.4 million
and 29 workyear increase over 1994, which reflects
the Administration's priorities in the
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI) and
the National Climate Change Action Plan.
As the Agency lead for ETI, OPPE aims to
strengthen the environmental security and
economic standing of the United States in the
world marketplace. A $4.5 million increase for
ETI will enable OPPE to analyze economic and
regulatory barriers and incentives to the
development, commercialization and trade in
environmental technology. To support the
President's Climate Change Action Plan, OPPE
will bolster its greenhouse gas emission reduction
programs by $17.5 million. In these expanded
programs, OPPE will develop strategies and
36
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
technical assistance programs to assist businesses
and state and local governments in identifying
profitable opportunities to invest in energy
efficiency.
Building on its North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) activities, OPPE will
expand its environmental statistics and
information exchange program with Canada and
Mexico in order to evaluate NAFTA's effects on
the environment. OPPE will continue to provide
cross-media analyses and long-term strategic
planning to ensure the achievement of national
environmental goals.
Promoting International
Environmental Cooperation
..Bo&siJfith Passage of NAFTA
The 1995 budget provides $21.5 million
and 78 workyears for the Office of International
Activities (OIA), an increase of $6.3 million and 2
workyears over 1994, supporting the
Administration's commitment to the newly
ratified North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA).
In 1995, OIA will continue to coordinate
the environmental activities associated with the
NAFTA by helping implement the U.S.-Mexico
Border Action Plan and overseeing the
development of the environmental side
agreement's trilateral Commission on
Environmental Cooperation (CEC). In shaping
the environmental agenda in North America, the
CEC will resolve transboundary environmental
disputes and reconcile trade policy with
environmental goals.
Through the international component of
the Environmental Technology Initiative, known
as U.S. Technology for International
Environmental Solutions (U.S. TIES), OIA will
share environmental expertise and technology
with countries in Asia, Central and Eastern
Europe, and the Newly Independent States,
thereby helping developing countries promote
environmentally sustainable growth while at the
same time enhancing market opportunities for
U.S. environmental exports.
Providing Critical Legal Services
Remains an Essential Service
The 1995 budget for the Office of General
Counsel (OGC) includes $23.4 million and 278
workyears to provide legal advice and assistance
to both Headquarters and Regional managers.
This represents an increase of $2.1 million and an
increase of 6 workyears over 1994. The increased
dollars will fund the OGC workforce, automated
legal research, and administration support. The
increased workyears will provide the Agency with
additional legal support in contracts and grants
management, ethics regulations, and property
and law issues.
The OGC will continue to focus its efforts
on ensuring that legal consistency is applied in
both policy development and decision-making
throughout the Agency. The OGC will continue to
represent the Agency in all major regulatory
actions.
Escalating Support Costs Addressed
The 1995 budget contains $312.8 million
for Agency-wide support services, an increase of
$47.9 million over 1994. This increase represents
mandatory support increases for cost escalations
to security contracts, anticipated utility rate
increases, and rate increases in rent and direct
leases paid to General Services Administration
associated with over 18,000 employees in 87
buildings at 45 different locations in 30 states. In
addition, significant investments are being made
to enhance the Agency's LAN system and to
ensure adequate operation and maintenance of
the Supercomputer Center. Resources will also
provide space planning and coordination services
for the new Headquarters facility, and provide
regional offices with essential support services.
Ensuring the Health and Safety ofBuildings
and Facilities is an Agency Commitment
The 1995 budget of $43.9 million for
Buildings and Facilities (B&F) makes a
substantial investment in improving and
renovating EPA laboratories and office space.
37
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
This represents an increase of $25,9 million over
1994. The investment in B&F will make a major
investment in facilities that will dramatically
influence the Agency's ability to address the
complex environmental issues of the 1990's and
beyond.
Included in these plans are the site
preparation and the first phase of construction of
anew government-owned science center to replace
the existing Central Regional Laboratory in
Annapolis, MD and Office of Pesticide Programs
Laboratory in Beltsville, MD. Also included is the
build-out associated with new Headquarters
facilities at and near the Federal Triangle site in
Washington, DC. Both of these new construction
activities will consolidate existing facilities and
result in cost savings and better management.
Additionally, the Agency will continue the repair
and improvement program at our existing
laboratories and offices to ensure the health and
safety of EPA employees.
Stressing Mission and Policy
Management in Program Offices
Finally, the 1995 Budget contains $25.4
million and 285 workyears for the Offices of Air
and Radiation, Water, Enforcement and Com-
pliance Assurance, Research and Development,
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, and
Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
These resources will ensure that executive
direction, policy development and oversight,
and a broad range of administrative services
are provided. This represents and increase of
$0.8 million and a decrease of 5 workyears from
1994.
38
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OIL SPILLS
S21.3M
DOLLARS
+$2.2 M $23.5 M
199S
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
+32
120
1995
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) was passed
in 1990 to respond to and prevent the frequency
of accidental releases of oil into the environment,
such as the Exxon-Valdez spill. In 1993, EPA
remediated 26 Spills and monitored 170
responsible party cleanups. Recently, with the
successful response and cleanup of the Morris J.
Herman oil spill in Puerto Rico, the OPA has
proven to be an effective and organized response
mechanism for oil spill prevention and
remediation. Under OPA, the Agency leads all
response actions that exceed State or local inland
response capabilities. In addition, the Agency
regulates for the prevention of Oil Spills at certain
on-shore facilities that range from hospitals to
large tank farms, including any storage capacity
of 1,320 gallons, a single aboveground storage
tank larger than 660 gallons, or an underground
storage tank greater than 40,000 gallons.
The Agency's Oil Spills program is
implemented through section 311 of the Clean
Water Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act
(OPA) of 1990. The U.S. Coast Guard manages
the Oil Spills Liability Trust Fund, which is
financed through a five cents per barrel tax on
domestic crude and imported oil. EPA and the
U.S. Coast Guard work in partnership through
inter-agency agreements to respond to many
environmental emergencies, including releases
of oil into the environment.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$23.5 million and 120 workyears for the Oil
Spills Program, an increase of $2.2 million and 32
workyears over 1994. The increase in workyears
is due to the conversion of contract resources into
Federal workyears. The increase of resources in
1995 is for the review and approval of OPA
mandated facility response plans that are
implemented in the event of a spill. The Agency
has received approximately 4,000 facility response
plans. Of the 4000 response plans submitted to
the Agency, 2,000 are for facilities that pose a
significant or substantial threat to the
environment and will require Agency approval by
February 1995.
In 1994, the Agency created a new media
to highlight the importance of the Oil Spills
Program; therefore, there are no resources for
this media in 1993. The 1993 resources for oil are
included in the multimedia and water quality
media, and from 1993 to 1994, funding
comparisons reflect changes in funding for the
program, not the media.
HIGHLIGHTS
The 1995 program will focus on
preventing harmful releases of oil and petroleum
products, providing nationwide capability for
containment and removal of releases that occur,
39
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OIL SPILLS
and minimizing the environmental damage
resultingfrom oil spills. The Agency has developed
Area Contingency Plansfor the entire nation, and
will take enforcement actions as a result of spills
and non-compliance with response regulations.
An Area Contingency Plan details the
responsibilities of those involved in the planning
of a response, describes geographical features of
the area covered, and identifies available response
equipment. The Agency will also participate in
training of State and local staffand conduct drills
to improve emergency oil spill response. In 1995,
the Agency expects to continue reviewing facility
response plans and updating 13 Area Contingency
Plans.
Responding to Releases
The OPA significantly increased the
Agency's authority to protect public health,
welfare, and the environment from damage due
to oil spills. The Agency is also available to assist
the U.S. Coast Guard on oil spills outside of EPA's
jurisdiction through the Oil Program's
Environmental Response Team. Each of the
Agency's ten regions have several On-Scene
Coordinators (OSC) who determine the Agency's
response actions and monitor's responsible party
cleanup in the event of a release. The Agency's
Environmental Response Team is a group of
scientists and engineers that are available to
provide technical expertise 24 hours a day to On-
Scene Coordinators, Remedial Project Managers,
State and local responders, and foreign countries
in times of environmental crisis. The 1995
President's Budget provides an increase in
response support and provides resources for the
Environmental Response Plan, which specifies
required oversight or response to the cleanup of
releases. The Agency is working with the National
Response Team and the Regional Response Teams
on the bioremediation strategy and on the use of
chemical dispersants for use in combating oil
spills. In addition, the Agency will develop
program guidance and policies necessary to ensure
technically adequate, cost-effective responses.
Ensuring Facilities are Prepared to Respond
The Agency is responsible for reviewing
facility response plans for facilities with potential
for a release creating substantial harm to the
environment. In 1995, the President's Budget
provides an increase of $ 1 million and 3 FTE to
provide support for the completion of adequate
reviews of the required facility response plans.
Plans must meet the approval criteria set forth in
the Agency's Facility Response Plan regulation,
which isconsistentwiththeNational Contingency
Plan (NCP) and the appropriate Area Contingency
Plans. The NCP is the nation's "blueprint*1 for
responding to releases of oil and hazardous
substances. A facility response plan review
entails evaluating each plan for completeness
and accuracy, possibly visiting the facility to
inspect response equipment and verify
information in the response plan, and validating
the facility's capability to respond to a worse case
discharge. In 1995, the Agency will review
facilities with conditional response plan approvals
to guarantee they now will meet the Agency's
response regulations.
Taking Action Against
Non-complying Facilities
In 1995, the Agency's primary focus will
be on petroleum storage facilities that fail to
submit spill response plans. The Agency will
issue removal orders to facilities to clean up
discharges and take criminal, civil, and
administrative penalty actions against violators.
The 1995 President's Budget provides a total of
$1.3 million for Oil Spills Enforcement,
maintaining its 1994 level of funding.
Headquarters enforcement resources for the Oil
Spills Program will be consolidated as part of the
Office of Enforcement Reorganization.
Encouraging Innovative Oil Spills Research
The Agency's oil research program
provides scientific and engineering technical
options for cost effective and environmentally
sound responses to oil releases. In 1995, the
Agency will conduct studies to analyze the
composition of oil with respect to organismsin the
environment and study the effectiveness and
toxicology of bioremediation. The Agency will
also continue to disseminate technical information
on new and innovative methods for oil spill
response. The 1995 President's Budget provides
$2 million for the Agency's Research and
Development program, maintainingits 1994 level
of funding.
40
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OIL SPILLS
Improving Management and
Decreasing Coats: Converting
Contract Dollars to Federal Workvears
The 1995 President's Budget converts a
portion of Oil Spills contract dollars to 30 Federal
workyears. This conversion will help reduce
vulnerabilities due to the Agency's over-reliance
on contracting services and contractors potentially
performing governmental functions. This
conversion reflects the Agency's goals to improve
management, demonstrate cost savings, and
achieve more cohesion within the Agency's media
programs.
41
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42
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OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR
GENERAL
43
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Page Intentionally Blank
44
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OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
DOLLARS
$44.6 M +$0.6 M $45.2 M
1995
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
450
WORKYEARS
-11
1995
DECREASE
439
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
The Office of the Inspector General COIG)
is responsible for conducting audits and
investigations of EPA's programs, administrative,
and financial activities to ensure that the Agency's
programs are delivered in an effective, efficient,
and economical manner and in compliance with
applicable laws and regulations. OIG audits and
investigations assist the Agency in identifying
areas where improvements can significantly
contribute to EPA fulfilling its complex mission.
The total 1995budgetfor the OIGis$45.2
million and 439 workyears, an increase of $599
thousand and a decrease of 11 workyears from
1994. The decrease in workyears is due to the
government-wide program to reduce the size and
cost of the Federal government. The $599
thousand increase is to fully fund the OIG
workforce. A portion of this funding ($4.4 million)
is assigned to the Office of Administration and
Resources Management to provide appropriate
support services.
Operations of the OIG are funded through
three separate appropriation accounts: Inspector
General; Hazardous Substance Superfund; and
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST).
The Inspector General account is appropriated
from General Revenue funds and covers the
activities of the Agency's operating and
construction grants programs. The Superfund
and LUST portions are appropriated from the
Hazardous Substance and LUST trust funds, and
are for OIG activities related specifically to those
programs.
HIGHLIGHTS
Inspector General
In 1995, the General Revenue Fund
request for the Inspector General is $29.1 million
and 287 workyears, of which $26.3 million is for
the program and $2.8 million is for support costs.
This represents an increase of $ 1.5 million and no
change in workyears from 1994. The increase will
allow the OIG to expand its audits of construction
grants and major EPA contractors to help reduce
the backlog of audits within both of these
programs. In 1995,theOIGwil!expanditsaudits
and investigations in both procurement and
contracts management to include grants and
cooperative and interagency agreements and in
implementing the Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Act of 1990 to ensure that the accounting systems
and financial reports are accurate and reliable.
The OIG will continue to provide a balanced and
sustained audit presence in conducting
performance audits in all major programs,
strengthening internal controls, improving
operational efficiency and effectiveness, and
ensuring the integrity of Agency procurements to
achieve the maximum environmental benefit with
available resources. More audits and
investigations of procurement and contract/grant
management will help ensure that EPA's extensive
contract dollars are used most effectively and
efficiently.
45
-------
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
The OIG will continue to audit EPA's
construction grants and State Revolving Funds.
In addition, the OIG will conduct additional audits
and investigations focusing on improving the
integrity of scientific data, research, and analysis
crucial to EPA. The OIG will emphasize
investigations of procurement fraud and
aggressively pursue new initiatives including
fraud in Agency funded research. The Office will
also continue its efforts in fraud prevention by
publicizing its activities, helping EPA employees
identify areas sensitive to fraud, and developing
new fraud detection tools and methods.
Superfu nd
In 1995, the Hazardous Substance
Superfund request for the OIG is $15.4 million
and 144 workyears, of which $13.9 million is for
the program and $1.5 million is for support costs.
Due to the need to separately account for Federal
and Trust Funds to the OIG, these dollars are
appropriated through the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation account and transferred
to the Inspector General account. This is a
decrease of $895 thousand and 11 workyears
from 1994. The OIG will continue to focus its
resources on financial and performance audits
and investigations of the Superfund program,
particularly in the area of procurement and
acquisition management, including contracts,
grants, and cooperative and interagency
agreements. The OIG will also comply with the
audit requirements of the CFO Act.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
In 1995, the LUST request for the OIG is
$669 thousand and 7 workyears, of which $596
thousand is for the program and $73 thousand is
for support costs. Due to the need to separately
account for Federal and Trust Funds to the OIG,
these dollars are appropriated through the LUST
appropriation account and transferred to the
Inspector General account. This represents no
change in dollars and workyears from 1994. These
resources will support continued performance
audits, contract and grant audits (covering
financial and performance audits, and financial
aspects of LUST investigations). Pursuant to the
CFO Act, the OIG will also focus its resources on
financial and internal control areas and audit the
LUST trust fund financial statements.
46
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SUPERFUND
47
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48
-------
SUPERFUND
DOLLARS
$1.497.1 M +12.6 M $1,489.7 M
1996
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1895
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
4.227
WORKYEARS
+14& 4.376
1MB
INCREASE
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
Approximately 29 percent of the Nation's
population, 73 million people, live within 4 miles
of the Nation's worst Superfund sites, those on
the National Priorities List (NPL). Sites on the
NPL represent the priority hazardous substance
sites, nationwide. These sites present real and
potential threats to ground and drinking water,
soil, and air.
The Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA)ofl980,gavetheFederalgovernment,
for the first time, authority to take direct action or
force responsible parties to respond to releases of
hazardous substances. Since 1980, the Agency
has completed over 2,350 emergency actions to
remove threats and reduce risks to human health
and the environment caused by hazardous
substances.
CERCLA, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), charges the Agency with the
responsibility to protect human health and the
environment by responding to emergencies or
uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances.
Superfund activities are financed by taxes on
petroleum and certain chemical feedstocks, a
corporate environmental tax, fines, penalties,
general revenues, and the recovery of Superfund
expenditures from those responsible for the
pollution.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$1,499.7 million supported by 4,376 workyears,
an increase of $2,6 million and 149 workyears
from the 1994 level. The Agency's Superfund
workforce increase is due to a major reform
initiative to convert contract resources into 250
Federal workyears. The Agency also absorbed a
reduction in Superfund workyears as a result of
the government-wide workyear initiative to reduce
the Federal workforce and streamline operation s.
The workforce request includes 82 non-ceiling
workyears. The Agency's Superfund budget
includes $15.4 million and 144 workyears for The
Office of the Inspector General; activities described
in the OIG section.
HIGHLIGHTS
In June of 1993, the Administrator
announced a series of nine new initiatives and
reemphasized eight ongoinginitiatives to reinvent
the Superfund program without statutory or
regulatory amendments. These improvements
will enhance enforcement fairness and reduce
transaction costs, accelerate the pace of cleanups,
increase public involvement, and enhance the
role of the states in implementing the Superfund
program. The President's 1995 budget fully
implements all of the improvement initiatives.
49
-------
SUPERFUND
The Administration is proposing
legislation to reform the Superfund program.
Reforms to the current liability system will reduce
litigation and related transaction costs for the
private sector, enhance the program's fairness,
speed cleanups, and promote economic
development. Reforms to the existing remedy
selection process will reduce cleanup costs without
sacrificing human health or the environment.
Because the Administration was still finalizing
Superfund legislation reforms when the 1995
budget was finalized, the current request does
not reflect these reforms.
Making Polluters Pay -
An Enforcement Priority
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$188.0 million and 1,500 workyears for the
Enforcement program. This represents an
increase of $13.1 million and a decrease of 36
workyears from the 1994 level. The workforce
reduction is due to the government-wide effort to
reduce it's workforce and streamline operations.
The priority for the Superfund
Enforcement program is to continue to maximize
cleanup financing by those responsible for
polluting. Over 70% of new cleanups are currently
financed by responsible parties. The Agency will
place special emphasis on monitoring existing
settlements for compliance and reaching
settlements with small volume contributors at
Superfund sites. Where negotiations to reach
cleanup agreements fail, the Agency will take
enforcement actions to compel responsible party
cleanups. In all cases, the Agency will aggressively
pursue the recovery of government costs to conduct
and oversee cleanups and assess penalties where
appropriate.
The Agency's cost recovery program serves
a dual purpose: recover Superfund expenditures
to the Trust Fund and encourage voluntary
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) cleanup
action by eliminating any incentive for PRFs to
allow the government to do the work. Since SARA
1986, the Agency has collected over $700 million
in cost recoveries. The Agency will increase the
staff in 1995 dedicated to cost recovery as a
number of cases approach the statute of
limitations.
The Agency's administrative
improvements in the enforcement area will
enhance fairness and reduce litigation costs. For
example, by 1995, the Agency will employ greater
use of allocation tools to promote early settlement
between the Agency and the PRFs during the
process of allocating responsibility at Superfund
sites. The Agency will foster more settlements
with small volume waste contributors in order to
reduce the time and expense these contributors
spend on resolving their liability concerns. To
enhance fairness, supplemental guidance has
recently been issued giving owners of Superfund
sites notice and an opportunity for commentbefore
perfecting a Federal lien on their property under
CERCLA
Streamlining and Accelerating Response
Cleanup at uncontrolled or abandoned
hazardous waste sites has been completed at 224
NPL sites as of January 5, 1994. The Agency's
goal is to achieve 650 completed cleanups at NPL
sites by the year 2000. The program also
successfully deters future pol lution by encouraging
waste handlers to comply with current disposal
and treatment regulations in order to diminish
possible Superfund liability.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$975.5 million and 1,362 workyears for the
Response program, a decrease of $12.7 million
and 45 workyears. The workforce reduction is
due to the government-wide effort to reduce the
Federal workforce and streamline operations.
The resource reduction is due to discontinuing
Superfund funding of effluent guidelines and
reducing site screening and assessments as
greater efficiencies have been achieved and as
more sites move into later phases of cleanup. The
Response program includes the emergency
removal of hazardous waste releases, investigation
of sites that may require cleanup, selection of
cleanup remedy, design of cleanup and cleanup
construction. Other activities include laboratory
analysis, community relations, state/local
cooperation and support from other Federal
agencies.
50
-------
SUPERFUND
The Agency will work to accelerate
cleanup at closing military bases, prior to their
use by the private sector, pursuant to The Defense
Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990.
Funding to support 100 additional workyears in
1994 and 1995 is provided through a reimbursable
agreement with the Department of Defense.
The Agency's Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM), focusing on streamlining
and accelerating cleanups, will continue in 1995.
The accelerated cleanup strategy seeks to
streamline the process and facilitate early action
at sites.
The Agency will fully implement in fiscal
year 1995 results of improvement initiatives
designed to streamline and expedite the cleanup
process. Demonstration projects in each region
provide the basis for implementing an
environmental justice strategy in 1995. The
Agency will also use a variety of public outreach
efforts to listen to citizen's concerns and enhance
effective community involvement.
Focusing Research on Ecosystems
The Superfund Research Program
provides scientific and technical information, and
technical assistance to EPA regions, states, local
governments and private industry needed to
ensure effective Superfund removal and remedial
activities. This research provides vital hazardous
substance response research on ecosystem
protection, risk assessment and methodologies,
groundwater, surface cleanup, innovative and
alternative clean-up technologies, health effects,
and biotechnology needed for protection ofhuman
health and the environment.
EPA is requesting a total of $59.9 million
and 128 workyears for Hazardous Substances
Research. This is a reduction of $2.7 million and
3 workyears from 1994. In 1995, hazardous
substances research continues to directly support
the Superfund program and share research
benefits. Ecosystem Protection research activities
will focus on watersheds and ecological risk
assessment associated with Superfund sites.
Groundwater research addresses removal of non-
water soluble liquids from underground soil and
fractured rock. In Surface Cleanup research for
Superfund Innovative Technologies Evaluation
(SITE) program, research continues on evaluating
new response concepts and equipment, their
appropriateness and costs. Bioremediation
research emphasis is on efficacy of microorganisms
in cleanup, their containment and costs.
Providing Fundamental Support
Services for Superfund Programs
The 1995 budget provides $140.3 million
and 683 workyears for management and support
services essential to the operation and integrity of
the trust fund. This represents an increase of
$27.9 million and a decrease of 11 workyearsfrom
1994 due to the government wide effort to reduce
the workforce and streamline operations. The
majority of increase in fiscal resources represents
Superfund's portion of the mandatory support
increases associated with rent, utilities, security,
and telecommunication costs. The remaining
amount funds a wide range of critical
administrative, analytical, financial, and legal
services for the Superfund program. The 1995
budget also provides additional workyears for
continued improvements in regional management
of Superfund contract and grants. The Agency's
Superfund budget includes $15.4 million and 144
workyears for The Office of the Inspector General.
Improving Management and
Decreasing Coats: Converting
Contract Dollars [tq iJFederal_
The President's Budget converts a portion
of Superfund contract dollars to 250 Federal
workyears. This conversion reduces
vulnerabilities due to the Agency's over-reliance
on contracting services and contractors potentially
performinggovernmentalfunctions. The Agency's
goals are to more effectively accomplish our
environmental mission, improve management,
and demonstrate cost savings.
Supporting the Superfund Program -
Other Federal Agencies
The Agency continues to seek special
expertise of other Federal agencies to support
health authorities under CERCLA. The
Department of Health and Human Services
provides the largest supporting element to the
51
-------
SUPERFUND
Agency through the work of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and
the National Institute for Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR provides health
assessments at NPL and non-NPL sites, enhances
and maintains toxicology date bases for chemicals
found at Superfiind sites, and provides health
consultations for emergency responses. NIEHS
maintains a worker safety training program, $20
million for Worker Safety Training Grants in
1995, and a basic research program.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$136.1 million for other Federal agencies. The
budget also includes an estimated 371 workyears
for the Superfund's allocation accounts (ATSDR,
Department of the Interior, Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency [FEMA]). A
reduction of $23.0 million is due to ATSDR
conducting fewer health assessments as States
increase the number of assessments they conduct,
reduced funding for NIEHS's basic research grant
program, and the close out of FEMA's permanent
and temporary relocation program which will
return to the Agency.
52
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LEAKING
UNDERGROUND
STORAGE
TANKS
53
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54
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LUST
$76.0 M
DOLLARS
+$0.7 M S76.7 M
1995
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
104
WORKYEARS
-1
1995
DECREASE
103
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
Approximately 1.3 million underground
storage tanks fall within EPA's regulated universe.
An estimated 237,000 of these tanks are leaking
petroleum products, which can be dangerous to
human health and the environment, cause fires
or explosions, and potentially contaminate the
public's groundwater supplies. Underground
storage tanks are found atgas and service stations,
convenience stores and non-marketer locations
such as bus depots and government facilities.
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
program supports, oversees and offers technical
guidance to the increasing incidences of active
cleanups of leaking underground storage tanks
containing petroleum.
The LUST program operates under the
authority of Subtitle I of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984, as amended by the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986. The LUST Trust Fund, financed by a one-
tenth of one cent per gallon tax on motor fuels,
was reauthorized by the Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1990 for five additional
years.
In 1995, approximately 85% of LUST
Trust Fund resources are provided directly to the
states through state cooperative agreements to
address the growing universe of tank releases.
The Agency's strategy is to encourage the
development of risk-based, prioritized decision
makingbypromotingmaximumflexibilityofState
and local administrative and oversight processes,
using alternative treatment technologies and
fostering information exchange between the
States, local governments and the private sector.
The 1995 President's Budget provides
$76.7 million and 103 workyears for the LUST
program, an increase of $700 thousand over 1994.
The Agency's LUST budget includes $669
thousand and 8 workyears for the Office of the
Inspector General's activities, described in the
Inspector General section.
HIGHLIGHTS
The LUST program is focusing on
assisting States in examining and improvingtheir
oversight processes. In 1995, the LUST program's
highest priority is to ensure that all state and
local governments have effective oversight
1995 LUST Appropriation
$78.7 M
"™ $«5.4M
President's
Budget
Total
State
Cooperative
Agreements
55
-------
LUST
processes in place so that responsible parties will
be predisposed to take fast action on site cleanup
and remediation, especially those sites posingthe
highest health and environmental risks. The
Agency will continue to assist states in
streamlining their corrective action programs
and promoting innovative site investigation and
cleanup technologies in 1995.
Responding to Releases
With Innovative Technologies
There are approximately 1000 new
releases of petroleum reported each week to the
States. In managing such a large universe of
leaking underground storage tanks nationwide,
the Agency has adopted a decentralized model
that enhances State and local flexibility and
response power. EPA, States and local
governments are working together to promote
the implementation of improved technologies for
site assessment and remediation through the
continued use of demonstration projects. The
Agency will ensure that regulations and technical
documents are concise and clear to owners/
operators and vendors. EPA and the States are
working with stakeholders to explore alternative
treatment technologies and expedited site
assessment and field measurement technologies
to facilitate prompt site cleanup.
Expanding Partnerships With States
The Agency's goal is to continue to build
state capacity to address the growing number of
underground tanks requiring response action. Of
the 47 States that have technical regulations for
underground storage tanks, EPA has delegated
program authority to 13 States, granting them
authority to regulate in lieu of EPA. The funding
level for 1995 supports state and territory efforts
to develop and implement comprehensive LUST
programs by providing Federal assistance through
cooperative agreements. The 1995 President's
Budget provides $65.4 million for state cooperative
agreements.
Building Partnerships with Indian Nations
Approximately 98% of tanks on Indian
Lands are concentrated in five EPA regions.
Through grants to Federally recognized Indian
Nations, the Agency is focusing on additional
educational and communication activities to
promote voluntary compliance by responsible
parties who have leaking underground tanks on
Indian lands. EPA is providing compliance
assistance to tribal tank owners and operators
and continuing outreach to tribal leaders. Grants
to Indian tribes help provide resources to such
Indian Nations as the Navajo, which have more
underground storage tanks than any other tribal
nation in the country.
Encouraging Voluntary
Compliance Through Enforcement
In 1995, the LUST enforcement program
continues to target responsible parties to finance
corrective actions. LUST regional program and
legal staff will provide assistance to state
personnel to enhance voluntary compliance with
corrective action and financial responsibility
requirements. Formal enforcement actions will
be taken to compel response actions by recalcitrant
owners and operators. The 1995 President's
Budget provides $496 thousand for LUST legal
enforcement, nearly a ten percent increase over
the 1994 level.
Researching AlfarnwtweTechnologies
LUST research is addressing detection
and remediation of subsurface contamination
caused by leaking tanks. In 1995, the Agency will
focus on assisting states in developing the
capabilities to manage an effective response
program, and disseminate technical information
on new and innovative methods for remedial
technologies. The 1995 President's Budget
provides $.8 million for LUSTresearch, an increase
of $26 thousand over 1994.
56
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WATER
INFRASTRUCTURE
57
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Page Intentionally Blank
58
-------
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
$2,397.0 M
s
$1,240.0 Clean
Water SRF
S99.0 Drinking
Water SRF
58.0 Mexican
Bonier
500.0 Special
Needs
S
/
+$153.0 M $2,550.0 M
/ A ' '
f &
1995
INCREASE
$1,600.0 Clean
Water SRF
f 00.0 Drinking
Water SRF
150.0 Mexican
Border
100.0 Special
Meeds
/
1994 1995
CURRENT PRESIDENTS
ESTIMATE BUDGET
Municipal discharges affect one-sixth of
remaining waterbody impairments in rivers and
lakes and one-half in our impaired estuaries.
Small, economically disadvantaged, and rural
communities need innovative solutions for their
drinking water and wastewater treatment
systems.
In 1995, the President's Budget proposes
$2,55 billion for infrastructure financing. This
is an increase of $153 million over 1994. These
funds will finance construction of water quality
improvement projects and drinking water projects
needed to comply with Clean Water and Safe
Drinking Water Acts.
HIGHLIGHTS
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
As part of the President's environmental
initiatives, the Administration will continue
capitalization of the Clean Water State Revolving
Funds (SRFs), The President's Budget requests
$1.6 billion for the Clean Water State Revolving
Fund, a $360 million increase over 1994. States
use these funds to make low interest loans to
municipalities for construction of wastewater
treatment facilities as well as nontraditional
programs such as storm water runoffand combined
sewer overflows (CSOs).
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
The President's Budget requests $700
million for the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fundprogram, a$101 million increase over 1994.
These funds will provide loansfor the construction
of needed improvements to drinking water systems
and for restructuring small systems to ensure
compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Mexican Border
In 1995, $150 million is proposed for
construction of wastewater treatment projects
along the Mexican Border area in support of
NAFTA and the US/Mexico Border Plan. Of this,
$52.5 million is dedicated to completing
construction of the Tijuana International
Wastewater Treatment plant and $47.5 million is
proposed for wastewater treatment projects for
other border cities, especially Nogales and
Mexicali. Grants of $50 million, are proposed for
the support of wastewater treatment needs for
the U.S. colonias in Texas.
Special Needs
The President's Budget includes $100
million for theconstruction of secondary treatment
for one or more cities with high secondary
treatment needs and high user charges. Strict
59
-------
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
criteria have been established in order to ensure
that only cities with extraordinary needs qualify
for funding.
The President's Budget also proposes
delaying the availability of unauthorized funding
for targeted wastewater treatment projects from
May 31,1994 to September 30,1994 in order to
allow time for enactment of authorizing language.
Nonpoint Source Grants
Non point Source grants are discussed in
the Water Quality Media.
60
-------
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
61
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
$532.7 M
DOLLARS
+$37.9 M
L
1905
INCREASE
$570.6 M
si
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1.863
WORKYEARS
-33
199S
DECREASE
1.830
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
Because of the complex nature and broad
scale of environmental issues, research and
development plays an essential role in improving
our understanding of the causes and effects of
pollution, the risks, and options to reduce these
risks. The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) plays a critical role, along with other Federal
agencies, in defining these problem areas and
generating creative options for resolving them.
In 1995, EPA requests a total of $570.6
million and 1330 workyears for its Research
and Development Program. This represents an
increase of $37.9 million and a reduction of 33
workyears from 1994.
EPA conducts research and development
for two primary purposes. These are:
1. to support the Agency's statutory and
regulatory responsibilities of
protecting human health and the
environment, and
2. to advance the level of knowledge in
environmental sciences to better
understand current and emerging
environmental issues to be able to
address them.
In 1995, the Agency's research and
development program continues the strategy of
movingtoward greater emphasis on an ecosystems
protection approach. This approach provides a
more effective method of scientific inquiry into
environmental problems than the single media
approach traditionally followed by the Agency.
Funding for EPA's Research and Development
program is derived from six appropriation
accounts covering all 12 of the Agency's media
programs. The funding tables on the following
page display the 1995 President's Budget for
EPA's Office of Research and Development
Program, the first by appropriation and the second
by media.
Improving Management - Converting
Contract Dollars to Federal Workvea-rs
The 1995 President's Budget converts a
portion of the Office Research and Development's
operating program contract dollars to 250 Federal
workyears in 1995. This conversion reduces
vulnerabilities due to the Agency's over-reliance
on contracting services and contractors potentially
performinggovernmental functions. The Agency's
goals are to more effectively accomplish our
environmental mission, improve management,
and demonstrate cost savings. Media specific
allocations of these workyears will be made
following an in-depth review. The workyear levels
discussed below do not include the workyears to
be converted from contract resources.
63
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
1995 Research and Development Resources
Appropriation Account
PRESIDENTS 1995 BUDGET
by Appropriation
(Dollars in Millions)
Total
Dollars
Program and Research Operations
Research & Development
Superfund Trust Fund
Abatement, Control and Compliance
LUST Trust Fund
Oil Spills Response
Total
$123.6
382.7
61.4
0.0
0.8
$570.6
Change
from 1994
+$6.7
+44.0
-2.3
-10.5
0.0
M.
+$37.9
PRESIDENTS 1995 BUDGET
by Media
(Dollars in Millions)
Research Media Program
Air
Radiation
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Pesticides
Toxic Substances
Hazardous Waste
Multimedia
Superfund
LUST
Oil Spills
Management & Support
Total
Total
Dollar?
$116.3
*
25.2
18.8
15.6
23.0
28,6
272.0
61,4
0.8
2.1
$570.6
Change
from 1994
-11.4
0.0
-4.1
-0.7
+ 1.3
-2.2
-3.4
+60.5
-2.3
0.0
C.O
+ 0.2
+37.9
* The Agency Radiation Research Program will continue its interagency agreement to provide off-site
monitoring support to DOE at the Nevada Test Site.
64
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Air Research
The Air research program's primary aim
is to provide research support for criteria and
standards public policy decisions for the Clean
Air Act. Included in this request are resources to
address Global Climate Change, Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion, Air Toxics, Criteria Air
Pollutants, Pollutants from Motor Vehicles, and
Indoor Air Pollution.
EPA is requesting $ 116.3 million and 398
workyears, a reduction of $11.4 million and 55
workyears. This includes a base redirection of
resources from Air Quality — acid deposition
monitoring — research to the Ecological
Monitoring and Assessment Program {EMAP).
While the resources will be redirected into EMAP,
the originally planned research will still occur
and will benefit the acid deposition program. The
remainder of the Acid Deposition resources will
be eliminated. In addition, a shift in resources
from Criteria Air, Air Toxics and other non-Air
Quality research areas will go to support increased
research in the areas of Tropospheric Ozone and
Particulate Matter. Reductions will also be made
in the Global Climate Change and Stratospheric
Ozone mitigation programs.
In the Global Climate Change research
area, activities will focus on assessment and
mitigation of activities which increase atmospheric
greenhouse gases. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
research will investigate assessment and
mitigation of synthetic gases that diminish the
earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer. Air
Toxics research continues on specific gases and
aerosols known to pose major health and
significant ecological risk. Criteria Air Pollutants
research also continues on certain pollutants
responsible for widespread health and ecological
ri sks. Pollutants from Motor Vehicles will address
health risks of current auto emissions and
developmentof reformulated and alternative fuels.
Indoor Air research continues on risks, and criteria
and standards for indoor air pollution.
Water Quality Research
In 1995, the Agency will allocate a total of
$25.2 million supported by 159 workyears for
water quality research. This represents a decrease
of $4.1 million and 55 workyears. This reduction
in workyears represents a reallocation of existing
research functions and workforce, as well as a
reflection of the government-wide mandate to
reduce the federal workforce. Funding associated
with the workyear reduction totals $3.3 million.
Beginning in 1995, several research issues
under the Water Quality Program are being
consolidated into Ecosystems Protection, under
multimedia research instead of single issue
research projects. This reflects a shift rather
than a reduction in research funds. The Agency
will integrate its research efforts under
Ecosystems Protection for the following issue
areas: Coastal and Marine, Large Lakes and
Rivers, Wetlands, Contaminated Sediments,
Aquatic Ecocriteria and Nonpoint Sources. This
will provide the scientific basis for sustainable
management and protection of ecological systems
in specific watershed areas. In 1995, these regions
include the Acadian Province, the Great Lakes,
the Gulf of Mexico/South Florida, Chesapeake
Bay/Anacostia River Watershed, and the Pacific
Northwest.
Multimedia Research
The Agency requests a total of $272.0
million and 457 total workyears in 1995,
representing a total increase of $60.5 million and
145 workyears. This funding request reflects
added investments in the President's
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI),
designed to facilitate Federal assistance to the
private sector in the development and use of
innovative environmental technologies. Increased
funding is also targeted to environmental
monitoring and assessing risk under the new
Ecosystems Protection issue in 1995. Other
increases include the National Human Exposure
Assessment Survey, the US/Mexico Border
Project, and interagency research programs of
the National Science and Technology Council
(formerly FCCSET), including the purchase of a
supercomputer.
The increase in workyears and concurrent funding
levels includes increases in two categories. The
first category relates to increases in the ETI and
health risk assessment issue areas. The second
category of increases is the result of a
65
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
comprehensive review by the Office of Research
and Development of all their workyear allocations
by function, where workyears not directly tied to
a specific research area were shifted into
Multimedia.
Drinking Water Research
The Agency requests a total of $18.8
million and 151 workyears in 1995 for Drinking
Water research, a decrease of $0.7 million and 7
workyears from 1994. The reduction in workyears
represents a reallocation of existing research
functions and workforce as well as a reflection of
the government-wide mandate to reduce the
federal workforce.
EPA will initiate a longterm research
program to provide the scientific data currently
lacking in order to identify and regulate drinking
water contaminants to assure the safety of public
water supplies in cost effective ways.
Groundwater research will continue in the areas
of water wellhead protection and underground
waste injection controls..
Hazardous Waste Research
EPA is requesting a total of $28.6 million
and 171 workyearsfor Hazardous Waste research.
This is a reduction of $3.4 million and 31 workyears
from 1994. In 1995, Hazardous Waste research
continues on site monitoring, waste minimization
methods and pollution prevention. Ecosystem
Protection will be scaled from a national focus to
include effects of hazardous waste on specific
representative watershed areas. Ecological Risk
Assessment Methods research continues on
assessing exposure, and methods to predict risks
due to exposure. Groundwater research continues
on detection and treatment of contaminants from
disposal sites, in soil and fractured rock. Surface
Cleanup research will support waste site
characterization and RCRA corrective actions.
Bioremediation research continues on use of micro-
organisms in the cleanup of hazardous wastes.
Emphasis is on development of targeted
bioremediation response methodologies that are
nontoxic and nonhazardous.
Pesticides Research
Pesticides research continues on reducing
risks from pesticides to human health and the
environment. EPA is requesting a total of $15.6
million and 85 workyears in 1995. This is an
increase of $1.3 million and a decrease of 4
workyears from 1994. The Agency will complete
a biotechnology demonstration on degrading
trichlorethylene in groundwater. Research
continues on potential risks posed by
environmental releases ofbiotechnology products,
developing a better understanding of how micro-
organisms move through the environment.
Human exposure research will be targeted to
methods of measuring exposure of children to
pesticides. Research emphasis will be on
predicting the total human exposure from multiple
pathways and methods to monitor inhalation.
Health effects research will focus on
neurogenerative diseases and their association to
pesticides.
Radia^on Research
To support the Department of Energy
(DOE) offsite radiation monitoring program EPA
is providing a total of 59 workyears, a reduction of
1 workyear from 1994. These scientific support
staff provide information needed by policymakers
on the control of exposure of the public to
radioactive materials resulting from testing and
manufactureof nuclear materials. These activities
are associated with the DOE Nevada Test Site
and include operation of monitoring networks
and lab analysis to monitor releases and migration
of radioactive materials.
Toxic Substances Research
The Toxic Substances research program
will focus on risks to human health of toxic
chemicals, ecocriteria for assessing toxic effects
on aquatic life, toxic outputs of bioremediation,
air toxics and indoor air pollution sampling and
exposure. EPA is requesting $23.0 million and
124 workyears in 1995. This is decrease of $2.2
million and 22 workyears from 1994. The change
reflects reduced research in lead and other heavy
66
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
metals, a shift from Air Toxics research to Air
research, and a shift of workyears tohigher priority
research activities. Ecosystems protection
research will focus effects of toxic substances on
watersheds. Research continues to support the
environmental review of new chemicals and the
environmental effects of chemicals in commerce.
In 1995, new chemicals research will focus on the
foundry and casting industry. Air toxics research
will focus on monitoring for petrochemicals for
both large and small businesses. Lead research
continues on paints, house dust and contaminated
soil abatement research.
Superfund Research
EPA is requesting a total of $61.4 million
and 130 workyears for Hazardous Substances
Research. This is a reduction of $2.3 million and
3 workyears from 1994. In 1995, Hazardous
Substances research continues to directly support
the Superfund program and share research
benefits. Ecosystem Protection research activities
will focus on watersheds and ecological risk
assessment associated with Superfund sites.
Groundwater research addresses removal of non-
water soluble liquids from underground soil and
fractured rock. In Surface Cleanup research for
Superfund Innovative Technologies Evaluation
(SITE) program, research eontinueson evaluating
new response concepts and equipment, their
appropriateness and costs. Bioremediation
research emphasis is on efficacy of micro-
organisms in cleanup, their containment and
costs.
LUST Research
The Agency's 1995 request includes a
total of $0.8 million supported by 2 workyears for
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
research, an increase of $26 thousand over 1994.
Research will focus on the detection and
remediation of subsurface contamination caused
by leaking underground storage tanks. Continued
emphasis will be given to technical support of
regional and state underground storage tank
programs, providing technical expertise on
inexpensive site contamination assessment and
evaluation.
Oil Spill Research
The Agency's 1995 request includes a
total of $2.1 million supported by one workyear
for Oil Spil 1 Liabil ity Trust Fund research. Studies
will be conducted to analyze the composition of oil
with respect to its toxicity to organisms in the
environment. This research will include test
systems to simulate oil spill conditions in the
environment and modify analytic methodologies
to effectively monitor bioremediation success. This
research supports EPA's Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, EPA Regional offices,
state and local agencies responsible for oil leases.
67
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
68
-------
STATE AND
LOCAL GRANTS
69
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
70
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
$601 M
$6*7
$548 M
$491 M
$376 M
$292 M /
A *-
$315 M
S468M
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
The 1995 President's Budget allocates
$616.6 million to support State and local
environmental programs as part of the Operating
Programs, an increase of $15,5 million from the
1994 Current Estimate, The 1995 Budget
recognizes and maintains the commitment for
essential state and grant programs, while
satisfyingfiscal constraints necessary throughout
the federal government.
Leveraging State and Local Programs
The Agency's state grant programs are
designed to create and strengthen the abilities of
states and localities to address the Nation's
ecological threats. These threats include air
pollution, contaminated drinking water, pesticides
in food, lead poisoningand other toxic substances,
radon contamination, and hazardous waste. Many
of our Nation's ecological problems are most
effectively dealt with at the state and local level.
Their remediation therefore, can be best leveraged
by providing federal support and resources to
state and local efforts.
EPA Air Grants will continue to provide
support to states and Indian tribes for a variety of
air pollution control activities. A central focus of
the grants will continue to be support to states'
efforts to institute state implementation plans,
with special focus on reducingemissionsofvolatile
organic compounds by 15 percent. Increased
resources will be directed to support states in
completing permit programs submissions, to build
state capacity and consistency for the acid rain
permitting program, and to support
implementation of enhanced vehicle emission
inspection programs, clean fuel fleet programs
and improving the quality of vehicle repairs. EPA
will continue to support state efforts to build and
maintain state/local air toxic programs, and will
provide increased supportfor expandingthe ozone
monitoringnetwork by addingadditional monitors
at 22 serious, severe or extreme ozone
nonattainment areas.
In 1995, hazardous waste grants total
$108.7 million, an increase of $6,8 million from
1994 to fund state implementation of the Waste
Minimization and Combustion Strategy, including
permitting and compliance activities. Increased
resources are also allocated for stabilization
measures at corrective action sites. Hazardous
waste state grants provide funding for state
inspections and enforcement, and the permitting
of environmentally sound new facilities. They
also support the development of legislation and
regulations consistent with the federal hazardous
waste programs.
The budget request includes $15 million
for wetlands program implementation grants.
This is a 50 percent increase over 1994, to meet
the objectives of the Administration's Plan for
Wetlands, which envisions more state and tribal
71
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
responsibility for wetlands protection. EPA will
provide increased assistance to the states and
tribes to improve their programs, and will develop
and implement improved federal mechanisms for
state or tribal assumption of regulatory programs.
In the nonpoint source program (NFS),
the budget includes a $20 million increase over
1994. EPAandthe states will target high priority
watersheds and state nonpoint source
management program needs, consistent with
approved state Clean Water Act (CWA) Section
319 NPS programs. A significant portion of CWA
Section 319 funds will be targeted to specific
state-designated local watershed restoration
projects.
With regards to the radon state grant
program, the states will continue to receive
funding to assist in the development and
implementation of radon assessment, control and
mitigation programs. Distribution of these grants
will be based on risk targeting and include
consideration of each state's adoption of radon
model construction standards and use of
previously awarded grants.
Thirty-five states and one Indian tribe
participate in the Toxic Substances Enforcement
grant program through cooperative agreements
with EPA. The grants fund activities that
emphasize compliance monitoring of chemical
control rules, particularly for polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and asbestos. In 1995, states
will implement the lead enforcement program
under the Residential Lead-based Paint Hazard
Reduction Act of 1992 (commonly known as Title
X). States will continue developing legislative
authorities for enhanced TSCA enforcement.
Resources will also be directed toward augmenting
inspector training.
For 1995, the Administration proposes to
establish a new grant program in addition to the
existing state grant program designed to assist
states in developing lead programs as mandated
under Title X. This new lead grant program will
help states develop enforceable requirements
within their state lead programs. In 1995, $10
million is provided for lead state program grants.
In addition, $ 1 million is provided for enforcement
state grants. These resources are provided to
assist the states in developing enforceable lead
programs and in building their capacity to carry
out enforcement responsibilities. Funds providing
start-up financial assistance for state plans
governing lead abatement worker training and
certification and contractor certification and
performance standards would still be provided.
The Administration is awaiting
authorization of two State Revolving Funds
(SRFs). The first is the Clean Water SRF which
will cover non traditional programs such as
stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflow
control as well as traditional wastewater
treatment projects. The second SRF is the new
Drinking Water SRF. This fund will provide
states with resources to upgrade their drinking
water treatment systems to meet Safe Drinking
Water Act requirements.
The chart on the following page shows
state and local grants by program area.
72
-------
••^•STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS^^^H
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
AIR
SECTION 105
WATER QUALITY
SECTION 106
CLEAN LAKES
NONPOINT SOURCE
WETLANDS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
DRINKING WATER
PUBLIC WATER
PROGRAM GRANTS
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
SPECIAL STUDIES
HAZARD_QUS=WASIE
H.W. FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
RADIATION
RADON STATE GRANTS
MULTIMEDIA
POLLUTION PREVENTION
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
GRANTS
TOXIC
ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE.*
$176,664.0
81,700.0
5,000.0
80,000.0
10,000.0
63,900.3
10,505.2
6,708.0
92,949.7
8,994.7
16,172.1
8,158.0
8,500.0
15,831.3
5,100.0
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$181,072.1
81,700.0
0.0
100,000.0
15,000.0
58,900.0
10,500.0
0.0
98,899.7
9,794.7
14,825.4
8,158.0
6,000,0
16,135.8
4,650.0
1995-1994
DIFFERENCE
+$4,408.1
0.0
-5,000.0
+20,000.0
+5,000.0
-5,000.3
-5.2
-6,708.0
+5,950.0
+800.0
-1,346.7
0.0
-2,500.0
+304.5
-450.0
LEAD GRANTS
11,000.0
11,000.0
0.0
TOTAL
$601,183.3
$616,635.7
+ $15,452.4
* Current Estimate does not include 1993 carryover resources.
73
-------
Page Intentionally Blank
74
-------
APPENDIX:
BUDGET TABLES
75
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
P1QGRAM
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
New Facilities/Repairs & Improvements
Support
Management
Subtotal Management & Support
CHI Spills
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$529,384.2
464,459.0
152,000.2
291,012.5
117,639.0
32,597.3
361,511.1
133,977.7
[18,000.0]
[267,619.7]
[271,660.3]
557,280.0
21,239.0
27,647.3
1995
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$606,480.8
496,030.0
146,061.0
321,177.7
103,537.5
46,914.8
459,352.1
129,479.7
[43,870.0]
[315,551.4]
[330,162.0]
689,583.4
23,475.0
29,141.0
1995-1994
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
+$77,096.6
+31,571.0
-5,939.2
+30,165.2
-14,101.5
+14,317.5
+97,841.0
-4,498.0
[+25,870.0]
[+47,931.7]
[+58,501.7]
+132,303.4
+2,236.0
+1,493.7
$2,688,747.3
$3,051,233.0
+$362.485.7
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
1,480,853.0
16,278.6
1,497,131.6
1,484,308.0
15,384.0
1,499,692.0
+3,455.0
-894.6
+2,560.4
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
OIG LUST
SUBTOTAL LUST
75,379.0
669.1
76,048.1
76,016.0
669.0
76,685.0
+637.0
-0.1
+636.9
Water Infrastructure
$2,397,000.0
2,550,000.0
+153,000.0
GRAND TOTAL
$6,658,927.0 $7,177,610.0
+$518,683.0
76
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
BY MEDIA
(WORKYEARS)
PROGRAM
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Management & Support
Oil Spills
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
Other Personnel (e.g., stay-in-schools)
Contractor Conversion (Oil Spills)
Contractor Conversion (Other Op. Programs)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
2,210
2,170
756
1,534
1,032
326
1,384
794
3,138
88
287
575
0
0
14,294
1995
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
2J50
2,068
765
1,479
1,003
313
1,519
772
3,177
90
287
566
30
620
14,939
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
WORKYEARS
+40
-102
4-9
-55
-29
-13
+135
-22
+39
+2
0
-9
+30
+620
+645
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
OIG Superfund
Allocation Accts.
Other Personnel (e.g., stay-in-schools)
Contractor Conversion
SUBTOTAL SUPERFUND
3,614
155
375
83
0
4,227
3,529
144
371
82
250
4,376
-85
-11
-4
-I
+250
+149
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
OIG LUST
Other Personnel (e.g., stay-in-schools)
SUBTOTAL LUST
93
8
3
104
92
8
3
103
-I
0
0
-1
GRAND TOTAL
18,625
19,418
+793
77
-------
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